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Back Matter (PDF) Index of subjects Page numbers in italics refer to figures; those in bold type to tables. abdominal sense organ 49, 50 bio-indicators, mussels as 469-476 abfrontal surface 273-278 biodiversity, mussels as indicators 469, 470 acrosomal complex 170 biofouling 474 acrosomes 176, 177, 181 biogeography, Mytilus galloprovincialis 389-397 Pteriomorphia 182 bird predation, on Ensis directus 459-464 tridacnids 193, 197, 198 bivalve size, seep communities 238-239 actinodonty 61 bootstrap test 117 Adams consensus tree, Palaeozoic taxa 55 tree, rudists 119 adductor muscle 47, 59 branch swapping 24, 35 Lucinidae 210, 217-218 Bray-Curtis analysis 380, 381,382,384 adoral sense organ 50 brooding 171, 184 Aequipecten opercularis, and palaeoenvironments 425-439 Buckhorn Asphalt 291-301 allele frequencies, Mytilus galloprovincialis 389, 390, map 292 391,393, 394 burrowing depth allometrics 403,406-407,421 and flesh growth 452 allozyme studies 153, 389 Macoma balthica 451-458, 453, 454, 455 ammonites 234 burrowing habit anaerobic capability 209 anomalodesmatans 129 Anomalodesmata 12, 21, 25, 53 chemosymbionts 209, 222 carnivory 132, 133 byssus characters 133-134, 138, 139 Lyonsiidae 129 cladistic studies 129-143 retention of 89, 466 data matrix 140 scallops 251 evolution 64 Teranota 341 families 129, 130 fossil record 134-136, 135 calcium granules 329-337,331,333, 334 orders 34 calcium phosphate 329, 335-336 phylogeny 339-346 carbon isotopes 430--431 relations 44 carbonate muds 353 species lists 130 carnivory strict consensus tree 137 anomalodesmatans 132 superorder 90-91 deep-sea 3 Anomioidea 19, 20, 22, 43 cellulase 267 sperm 170, 183, 185, 186 celluloprismatic structure 115 Antarctica 441-450 cementation aquarium trade 383 evolution of 163 aquasperm 170, 197 bivalves 3, 129, 159-168, 315 aragonite 135 centriolar rootlet 200 Arcoida 55, 92, 169 Cenozoic era 129, 425-436 basal 42 Paleogene 409-4 11, 415,422 clades 59, 60, 65 Neogene 347, 354-358, 400, 412, 415,422 monophyletic 54 character coding, rudists 114-116, 114, 122-123 sperm evidence 184 character definitions 66-71 Arcoidea 64, 92 character state changes 74-75, 138 basal branch 19 characters ligaments 280 Anomalodesmata 133-134, 139 relationships in 23 linked 111-113 sperm 170, 171, 184 Palaeozoic taxa 50-53 Autolamellibranchiata 2, 49, 57, 58 Pteriomorphia 26 subclass 88-92 rudists 111-114, 123-124 chemoreceptors 250 bacteria chemosymbiosis 4, 8, 207-225 sulphur using 86 fossil evidence 220-222 wood digesting 257 cilia, abfrontal 274 bacterial transmission 208,222 cilia density 276 bacteriocytes 207, 210, 211 ciliary currents 258, 262, 263 ballast water 459 cladistic analysis Baltica, bivalves in 82 Anomalodesmata 129-143 behavioural responses 453,456 Pteriomorphia 1 belemnites 234 rudists 116 480 INDEX clams, giant 191-205 evolutionary relationships, Spissatella 417 Clavagellidae 129, 132, 314 Evolutionary Species Concept model 149 evolution 324-325 eyes taxonomy 321-324 pallial 4, 248 cleaning mechanisms 275, 277 Pectinidae 247-255 climate change 6, 355, 357 COI gene 31 facies, and shell shape 415 cold seeps, see seep communities faunal analysis 384-385 collecting dates, Florida Keys 382, 383 filtering efficiency 466 commercial collecting 383 flesh growth, and burrowing depth 452 community structure 469 Florida Current 367 computer models, ligament growth 282-288 Florida Keys contamination 475 bivalve fauna 367-387 continental collision 355 collecting dates 382, 383 convergent evolution 42 data sources 373 coral reefs, as habitats 356 definition 368-369 corals, diversity 351,352, 354 species frequency 380 correspondence analysis 392, 395 species lists 372-379 crabs, predation by 165, 250, 453 foot crevasse habitats 165 Lucinidae 219 ctenidia vermiform 210 Lucinidae 210-211 Fourier analysis 403-406 Teredinidae 258 freshwater communities 3, 159, 329 types 50 current flow, oceanic 355 current scour 419 Gastropoda 11, 25 cypraeids 348 cladistic studies 131 cytochrome C oxidase subunit I 146, 162 monophyly 21, 41 geological timescale 401 data matrix gills Anomalodesmata 140 Anomalodesmata 90 rudists 116 filaments 4 Unionidae 149 filibranch 2, 84, 88, 274 death assemblages 292, 369 Lucinidae 211-212, 211,212 decay indices 35, 41 protobranch 84, 85, 274 demivinculum 310 see also mantle gills deposit feeders 451 glacial cycles 354, 357 Gondwana, bivalves in 82 depositional environments 292-293 depth, species records 381 granule cells 211 digestive systems growth rates 426, 427, 470 growth rings 429, 431,463, 469 Neoteredo reynei 259-261,260, 261,264, 265 Psiloteredo healdi 261-262, 260, 262, 267,268, 269 Gulf Coast 146 Gulf of Mexico Loop Current 382, 385 Teredinidae 257-27 l dinoflagellates 234 Gulf Stream 425,426, 436 discriminant function analyses 414 diversity, and sea surface temperature 363 harmonic bifurcation model 282-284 diversity gradients 347-360, 361-365 heterochrony 403 Southern Hemisphere 352 Heteroconchia diversity pump 357 characterization 59, 61 DNA, see nuclear DNA, rDNA evolution 57 DNA extraction 12, 146, 162 monophyly 42 dredge surveys 368 phylogeny 2, 11, 12, 19, 25 Dry Tortugas 368, 369, 380, 381 superorder 91 dysaerobic habitats 221 Heterodonta 12, 21, 43, 54, 55 monophyly 42 East China Sea 348, 350, 352 orders 34 egg jelly layer 184 hinge teeth, ancestral character 48, 49 emersion 474 denticulate teeth 89, 90 endemism 357 rudists 115, 121 Ensis directus, bird predation 459-464, 460, 461 edentulous hinges 51 environmental pollution 474-476 heterotaxodont teeth 53 environments and evolution, mussels 465-478 palaeotaxodont teeth 53 enzyme kinetics 447 pretaxodont teeth 53 Etheriidae 3, 159-168 pseudotaxodont teeth 53 family classification 161 hinges fossil record 161-162 asymmetry 89 polyphyly 163 evolution 309 evolutionary rates 43 larval 5 INDEX 481 homology 113 metabolic cold adaptation 7, 441-450 hydrocarbon sources, Kuhnpasset 240 metabolic rates bivalves 444, 445 Indonesia-Philippines region 350, 353 and temperature 446, 447-448 infaunal taxa 356 metallo-thioneins 336 infaunal-epifaunal reatio 364 metals, trace elements 434-436 inshore facies 92 methanotrophs 228 interstitial water, channeling 209, 219 microgrowth increments 431-434, 431,432, 433, 436 iron, in granules 332-333 microtubules, cycling of 44 l islands, and speciation 355,357 mid-domain effect 348, 352, 354 isotopic compositions 429, 430 mineralization 5 mitochondria Kuhnpasset, map 228 maintenance 447 Kuhnpasset Beds 229, 230, 231 polar fish 441 Kuro Shio Current 350 tridacnid sperm 195 mitochondrial sequences 3, 31 lamello-fibrillar structure 47 Modiomorphidae 4 larvae fossil 235-236 glochidial 160, 164 molecular methods, phylogeny 1, 34-35 shells 303-312, 305, 306, 308 Molluscan phyla 11 lasidium 160, 165 monophyly lateral tooth 51 Bivalvia 25, 41 latitudinal gradients 347, 349, 350, 356, 358, 361-365, Gastropoda 21, 41 362, 364 Heteroconchia 42 life habits, Lucinidae 220 Heterodonta 42 ligaments higher taxa 18 differentiation 47 Palaeoheterodonta 42 duplivincular 5, 49, 280 scaphopods 21 growth patterns 281,282, 285, 286, 287 Unionidae 152 lamellar 5 monoplacophorans 2, 47 Noetiidae 279-289, 283 morphogenesis 283-284 parinvincular 87 morphological phylogenies, Pteriomorphia 12 rudists 115 morphometrics 392, 400, 409 types 49, 51, 52-53 mucocytes 5, 211,274, 276, 277 limestone mounds 229-234, 233, 239 mucopolysaccharides 274, 276, 277 long-branch attraction effect 24, 34, 41, 44 museum collections 385 longitudinal gradients 352-355, 358 mussels lucinid symbionts, species lists 208 and environmental cange 469-476 Lucinidae 4, 18, 25, 207-225 environments and evolution 465-478 adductor muscle 210, 217-218 role in water processing 468 anatomy 209-219 Myoida ctenidia 210-211 phylogeny 12, 21, 42 foot 219 polyphyletic nature of 2, 18, 25, 44 fossil 235 spicules 90 functional summary 219-220 myophores 98, 100, 105, 109 configuration 115 Macoma balthica, burrowing depth 451-458 posterior 113 magnesium and strontium concentrations 434, 435 Mytilus galloprovincialis magnesium/calcium ratios 472 population genetics 389-397 majority rule consensus tree sampling sites 392 Palaeozoic taxa 56 Mytiloidea rudists 118 origins 12 Mantle relationships 19, 22, 23, 26, 43, 64 plicated 210 sperm 170, 178, 179, 184, 186 apertures 218, 218-219 gills 4, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217 Nacre 47 marine sanctuary, Florida Keys 367 neighbour-joining analyses 22, 35, 38 markers 393 neighbour-joining tree, genetic populations 390 mass extinction, K-T boundary event 6 Noetiidae 5, 170, 171 mass mortality 459, 463 ligaments 279-289 maximum likelihood analysis 16, 17, 20 polyphyly 289 higher taxa 21 North Sea Basin 7 Pteriomorphia 22, 26 Northern hemisphere, diversity 348-351 maximum parsimony analysis 35 nuclear DNA, Mytilis galloprovincialis 389-397 mechanoreceptors 250 nuclear morphology 183 Mesozoic era 129-130, 240 nuclear peg 198, 200, 202 Jurassic 229-230, 239-240, 252, 303-311 nutrient pulses, monsoonal 353 Cretaceous 66, 97-98, 132, 227-230, 239 nymphae, ligamental 87, 88, 90 482 INDEX oocytes 192 polyphyly opisthobranchs 217 Etheriidae 163 orders 34 Noetiidae 289 Ostreoidea Unionoidae 145-158 basal 12 population genetics, Mytilus galloprovincialis 389-397 larval shells 303-312, 305, 306, 308 postero-dorsal notch 307 relationships 19, 20, 22, 24, 43 predation sperm 170, 175-178, 185 birds 7, 250 outline shape, evolution of 399-423 and cementation habit 165 oxygen consumption, Antarctic bivalves 442, 443 crabs 7, 250 oxygen isotopes 428--430, 470 fish 251 on mussels 467 palaeoenvironments, evidence from Aequipecten opercularis
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