Contributions of Historic Preservation to QUALITY of LIFE of FLORIDIANS

Contributions of Historic Preservation TO QUALITY OF LIFE OF FLORIDIANS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Center for Governmental Responsibility, University of Florida Levin College of Law • Department of Urban and Regional Planning, UF College of Design, Construction and Planning • Center for Tourism Research and Development, UF College of Health and Human Performance Department of Museum Studies, UF College of Fine Arts • Florida Trust for Historic Preservation In the preamble to the National Historic Preservation Act Congress found that the preservation of America’s heritage “is in the public interest so that its vital legacy of cultural, educational, aesthetic, inspirational, economic and energy benefits will be maintained and enriched for future generations of Americans.” In other words, in 1966, Congress was convinced that the American public’s “quality of life” would improve as an indigenous part of the preservation of its historic towns and neighborhoods. Four decades later, National Trust for Historic Preservation President Richard Moe opened the annual conference with remarks that re-confirmed that organization’s concern for “quality of life” and how preservation, if properly integrated, can better our communities.

Recently, Donovan Rypkema, one of the nation’s foremost preservation planners made the observation about newly revitalized historic areas that not long ago were nearly dead: “I do not know of a single sustained success story in downtown revitalization anywhere in the US where restoration (preservation) was not a key component of the effort. That doesn’t mean it isn’t theoretically possible to have downtown revitalization but no restoration, but I don’t know about it, I haven’t read about it, I haven’t seen it.”

Indeed, the well-being and potential for the recycling of older communities is an increasing concern in states such as Florida in all aspects of urban and regional planning. For some time, preservationists have suspected that there is a real connection with a tangible and elusive community spirit that rises from a sense of place often associated with unique neighborhoods, whether they qualify for the National Register of Historic Places, or not. It just so happens that recognized neighborhoods have one up on those that do not have that identity.

By understanding how this connection works, we can see the means to maintain the cultural and historical qualities that contribute to Florida's older neighborhoods while also meeting the needs of quality living and housing. As this study shows, quality of life is now being measured from all angles; its quantifiable qualities can in large part include standard of living, economic and housing opportunities, as well as access to goods and services. Quality of life can also encompass freedom, happiness, creativity and artistic impression, environment, and health; qualities that are far harder to measure.

Although in the past historic preservation has too often been seen as a separate and prior activity that prepares the way for the improvement of neighborhoods, we know now that revitalization requires that historic sites be given a role in the life of the community. The point is not to place the community’s historic assets under lock and key, but to integrate them safely and evenly into the fabric of everyday life. Local residents can benefit through outdoor markets, handicrafts, houses, cuisine, businesses, civic and religious centers, and interpretive components such as learning and recreational activities that complement an historic site’s didactic offerings and convey a special meaning between its past, present and future. The more the community is involved, the more successful and inviting the area will become for everyone.

Because of this overlap in the relationship between better quality of life and historic preservation, when properly integrated into planning, this very much needed report exploring these conditions will help in developing an integrated approach to planning for historic and other uniquely special communities in Florida. It is a worthy com- panion to the previously published “Economic Impacts of Historic Preservation in Florida”.

Roy Eugene Graham, FAIA, Fellow US/ICOMOS Beinecke-Reeves Distinguished Professor Director, College Preservation Programs, School of Architecture, College of Design, Construction and Planning University of Florida SEPTEMBER 2006

Contributions of Historic Preservation TO QUALITY OF LIFE OF FLORIDIANS

CHAPTER 1 PAGE 4 Introduction & Overview

CHAPTER 2 PAGE 10 Quality of Life Indicators

CHAPTER 3 PAGE 14 Preservation Laws & Policies

CHAPTER 4 PAGE 20 Heritage Tourism

CHAPTER 5 PAGE 24 History Museums

CHAPTER 6 PAGE 28 Historic and Affordable Housing

CHAPTER 7 PAGE 34 Acknowledgements

Authors/Editors: Responsibility, of the Graduate Program in Timothy McLendon University of Florida Museum Studies, Staff Attorney, Levin College of Law University of Florida Center for Governmental Rhonda Phillips, Ph.D., AICP Lori Pennington-Gray, Ph.D. Responsibility, CEcD, Director Center Center for Tourism University of Florida for Building Better Research and Development Levin College of Law Communities Associate College of Health and Professor, Urban and Human Performance, Kristin Larsen, Ph.D. Regional Planning University of Florida AICP, Assistant Professor Department College of Department of Urban and Design, Construction and John Confer, Ph.D. Regional Planning, Photos: COVER (clockwise from top left) Mission San Luis, Tallahassee, Planning, University of Florida Center for Tourism University of Florida Research and Development winner of the 2006 “Preserve America” Presidential Award for Heritage Tourism, presented at the White House; Miami Beach Art Deco District: Glenn Willumson, Ph.D. College of Health and JoAnn Klein Lake Mirror Wall, Lakeland; and Mount Dora’s Historic District. TABLE OF Human Performance, Development Director, Associate Professor of CONTENTS: Cà d’Zan, Ringling Estate, Sarasota. BACK COVER: Ybor City. University of Florida Center for Governmental Art History Director 4 St. Augustine 1 Introduction & Overview The State of Florida’s heritage, whether in Historical Commission and the Division of Historical Resources in archeological resources, historic structures, sites, and the Florida Department of State. This report, a collaboration of districts, spans the entire era of human settlement: four different colleges of the University of Florida and a non- • Indian Mounds intangible characteristics of Florida’s profit organization specializing in • 18th century Spanish colonial historic places. historic preservation, is a follow-up • Cracker structures of the 19th Florida’s elected officials have to a 2002 report on the “Economic century directly addressed the significance of Impacts of Historic Preservation in • Bungalows and chert houses of the historic preservation to the quality of Florida”, with the same sponsors early 20th century life in the State of Florida, finding that: and some of the same research team • The distinctive modern style of the “The rich and unique heritage of members. The two studies differ in Sarasota School of Architecture historic properties in that the economic • Roadside structures and sites such this state, represent- impacts study was as the early theme parks ing more than 10,000 derived from a quan- • 1950s ranch houses that are just years of human titative review of now becoming eligible for listing presence, is an impor- available data related on the National, and many local, tant legacy to be to historic preserva- registers. valued and conserved tion. That study The heritage of our past and the for present and offered a statewide productive and respectful use of future generations. analysis of historic such historic places in the present The destruction of preservation activity strengthen the quality of life for the these nonrenewable in Florida. It exam- future of our state. Identifying what historical resources ined direct and multi- is distinctive and shared about this will engender a signif- plier effects from heritage is essential to understand- icant loss to the investment in historic ing how historic preservation con- state's quality of life, preservation through- tributes to the quality of life in economy, and cultural out the state in such Florida. environment.” (FLA. STAT. § 267.01(1)(A)) activities as historic rehabilitation of What is the relationship between This report, “Contributions of all types of properties, heritage historic preservation and quality of Historic Preservation to the Quality tourism, Main Street investment, life? Historic preservation con- of Life of Floridians”, represents the grants programs, tax credits and tributes to economic and cultural first statewide study of how historic museum operations. values in the State of Florida. Those preservation fits into the overall The quality of life study, con- cultural values are reflected in the quality of life in Florida. The report tained in this Executive Summary, quality of life found in the state’s includes models and tools available while reviewing many of the same communities from small towns to to further historic preservation in programs available in Florida in the large urban areas. Florida and to measure the impact field of historic preservation, pres- Quality of life is a vague term of historical structures, events, and ents a qualitative analysis. Explicit with multiple meanings. As used in related activities on the enhance- measuring that results in a definitive this paper, it relates to the sense of ment of the quality of life in Florida. number or dollar amount is not eas- place created by the tangible and It is sponsored by the Florida ily ascertainable for quality of life.

CONTRIBUTIONS OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION TO QUALITY OF LIFE OF FLORIDIANS 5 While measuring economic impacts can be approached from a statewide level, quality of life evaluations occur more often at the local level. Measuring quality of life occurs in people’s perceptions and enjoyment of their state and communities. It looks at the physical environment but also the cultural aspects of the community. Defining quality of life issues includes several components, including historic preservation. How does historic preservation impact the livability of a city or a community? The challenge posed in this research was identifying, developing, or applying previously developed methods for assess- ing the impact of historic preservation on the quality of life in Florida’s communities. The value of this report is to assist individuals, neighborhoods, and communities in identifying creative methods for DeFuniak Springs fostering historic preservation and for measuring its contribution to the quality ome of the most lovingly preserved and picturesque downtowns are of life in an area. found in Florida’s small towns. For sheer harmony and grace, DeFuniak A 2005-2006 survey found that Florida Springs may be the state’s most unspoiled city” (Mormino 2005: 40). residents are aware of their historic S DeFuniak Springs shares a great deal with many other Florida cities resources (roughly 55% of 1505 respon- – it was founded in the late nineteenth century when a variety of people were dents had visited a historic site in the past attracted to the state by a stream of publications that celebrated Florida’s exotic year) and value the role that historic landscape. As in many towns founded at this time, the railroad played a pivotal preservation plays in the state of Florida. role; and development concentrated around the city’s spring-fed lake and reflect- Specifically, preservation is valued for what ed a mix of low density commercial, governmental, religious, and residential structures in it can contribute to future generations the vernacular and late Victorian styles that (24%), for aesthetic reasons (17%), for typified the era. educational reasons (14%), and for envi- What is distinctive about DeFuniak ronmental reasons (13%) (see Russin in Springs is its sense of place reinforced by its Technical Document to this work). social history – connected to the Chautauqua Institute founded in 1869 in New York State. QUALITY OF LIFE & HISTORICAL From its first assembly in 1885 until the early PRESERVATION COMPONENTS 1930s, DeFuniak Springs functioned as the Researchers in this study examined southernmost home of the adult education movement that endorsed learning in a historic preservation’s impact on Florida’s pleasing natural and built environment to uplift the intellect and the spirit. quality of life in five key areas: In 1902, nationally prominent architects were hired to develop a plan to make the settlement into a model town. The layout – a public park surrounding the lake with public buildings interspersed in the landscape bounded by a street from Quality of Life Indicators which axial roads extend – makes the lake the town’s centerpiece. While homes Community indicators allow us to predominantly sit across the lakefront drive, the nearby railroad station forms the explore the relationship between his- center of the town’s commercial district. This core area of the historic town was toric preservation and quality of life, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992. expressed in terms of explicit outcomes. Community indicators are bits of infor-

6 CONTRIBUTIONS OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION TO QUALITY OF LIFE OF FLORIDIANS mation that when combined, provide a picture of what is happening locally. Quality of life is reflective of the values that exist in a community, and indicators can be used to identify and promote a particular set of values. This chapter includes a chart of indicators to use in gauging, protecting, enhancing, and interfacing with historic preservation. The research also provides recommendations for implementing the framework through monitoring and measuring of the indicators. The Northeast Florida community of Fernandina Beach is offered as a case study of how economic development and historic preservation can be compatible and integrated to provide desirable outcomes while protecting a community’s valuable resources.

Preservation Laws & Policies Laws and policies reflect the priorities of a democratic society. They Milton Riverwalk restrict things deemed harmful and seek to promote actions that are Heritage Tourism History Museums viewed as beneficial. Historic preser- Historic preservation and heritage The most obvious impact of history vation laws reflect a decision by pol- tourism support one another. Historic museums on the citizens of Florida is icy makers that our heritage, preservation provides the setting, the the effect they have on the education whether national or local, is signifi- history, the persona, and the tradi- of the state’s children. Arguably, the cant and should be preserved for tions for heritage tourism; heritage central mission of history museums is future generations. tourism provides the opportunity to to preserve the past for local audi- This chapter discussed the two educate, enjoy, and appreciate historic types of laws and policies that pro- preservation. mote historic preservation: regula- The chapter on heritage tourism tions and incentives. examines a county’s quality of her- Community programs that are itage tourism by evaluating the per- described in this chapter include: mit- centage of annual tourist-related tax igation efforts to protect historic revenue allocated for historic preser- resources in an interstate widening in vation by looking at the lodging Tampa; the Bridge of Lions rehabilita- tax. The researchers examined three tion in St. Augustine; adaptive reuse case studies of use of lodging tax, of an old church in Tampa Heights; including: Emerson Apartments rehabilitation and Pennsylvania Hotel rehabilita- • Suwanee County tion, both in St. Petersburg; and proj- • Monroe County ects enabled by state grants and the • St. Johns County Florida Main Street Program. Palm Beach

CONTRIBUTIONS OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION TO QUALITY OF LIFE OF FLORIDIANS 7 ences. The chapter on history muse- lenges to affordability. The chapter Specific case studies examine the ums assesses history museums’ effect on affordable housing identifies cre- use of Conservation Districts in on three areas of quality of life: ative solutions to conflicts of gentri- Zephyrhills, Tampa, Miami and • Education fication, sustainability, and rehabili- Sarasota, as well as an investigation • Community tation. of a Community Land Trust in Key • Economy What tools then are available to West. meet these goals, specifically to Within these five areas, The researchers examine three case attract the private sector to under- researchers identified quality of life studies that represent a broad spec- take such rehabilitation projects? indicators that could be used to trum of Florida historic museums: Among them are building codes that determine how that component con- 1. St. Augustine Lighthouse and accommodate rehabilitation, neigh- tributed positively to a community. Museum, a large history museum borhood conservation districts to Individual case studies were selected 2. Fort Christmas Historical Park in complement local historic districts, to illustrate how to evaluate quality Central Florida, a small history community land trusts, expansion of of life indicators. In order to include museum in a rural area. existing revitalization programs such public perceptions of the relation- 3. Riley House Museum, a small his- as Front Porch Florida, the historic ship between historic preservation tory museum near Tallahassee, spe- rehabilitation tax credit combined and quality of life, researchers com- cializing in a particular topic with the low-income housing tax missioned a three-month-long sur- credit, preservation easements, vey of the attitudes of Floridians in Historic and Affordable Housing revolving loan funds, property tax regard to these topics. Housing affordability and his- relief to address increased property toric resources can mutually co-exist values due to historic designation, SURVEY FINDINGS in neighborhoods and communities, and coordinated planning to proac- To better gauge public perceptions though the rehabilitation of deterio- tively address potential challenges of the relationship between historic rated houses may indeed pose chal- such as gentrification. preservation and quality of life,

Bridge of Lions, St. Augustine

8 CONTRIBUTIONS OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION TO QUALITY OF LIFE OF FLORIDIANS Which historic resources in Florida are the most threatened?

3% 8% 17%

12%

21% 21%

7% Old downtowns among most threatened 17% Public buildings among most threatened 8% Old homes and neighborhoods among most threatened 21% Old schools among most threatened 7% Historic and scenic landscape among most threatened 21% Old industrial sites among most threatened 3% Archeological sites among most threatened 12% Other 8% Don’t Know 3%

What are the most important reasons to preserve Florida’s historic resources? 2% 1% 10% Harriett Beecher Stowe House, Mandarin 17% 9% researchers commissioned a three- toric and scenic landscapes (21%); 4% month-long survey of the attitudes of old homes and neighborhoods 13% 6% Floridians in regard to these topics. A (21%); and old downtowns (17%). random sample of more than 1,500 2. Respondents said the most important 14% Floridians was interviewed during a reasons to preserve Florida’s historic 24% period between November, 2005, and resources are, in order, for future Scenic among most important reasons January, 2006. The survey was con- generations (24%); scenic reasons to preserve 17% ducted by the University of Florida (17%); and education (14%). Affordable housing among most important reasons to preserve 4% Survey Research Center, the research These findings would appear to Economic redevelopment among most and service unit of the Bureau of indicate that the Floridians surveyed important reasons to preserve 6% Economic and Business Research at the have an appreciation for historic Education among most important reasons to preserve 14% University of Florida. resources and see a need to preserve For future generations among most important The complete findings of the sur- them for the future. reasons to preserve 24% vey are included in the technical doc- The following chapters detail how Environmental reasons among most important 13% ument that accompanies this each component of historic preserva- reasons to preserve Sense of place among most important reasons Executive Summary. tion can be measured to determine its to preserve 9% Two key findings emerged that are impact on quality of life in Florida. Promote tourism among most important relevant to this project. Detailed descriptions of each of these reasons to preserve 10% Other 2% 1. Respondents identified what they programs are included in the Don’t Know 1% see as Florida’s most threatened Technical Report that supplements historic resources as, in order: his- this Executive Summary.

CONTRIBUTIONS OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION TO QUALITY OF LIFE OF FLORIDIANS 9 10 Defuniak Springs 2

Quality of Life Indicators

Historic preservation provides numerous benefits, measures of aspects of places, such as job growth, per capita income, or including a profound and positive affect on quality housing prices? The key is developing an integrative approach – one of life for citizens and visitors alike. that considers the impacts of change not only in economic terms, but also There are numerous references to This report presents a the social/cultural and quality of life in historic preserva- framework for explor- environmental dimen- tion documents, in all types of liter- ing the relationship sions. A community ature – popular press, academic, and between quality of life indicators system practitioner related works. Quality and historic preserva- reflects collective val- of life is assumed to be an intrinsi- tion, using communi- ues, providing a more cally valuable outcome of historic ty indicators. powerful evaluative preservation efforts, yet there are not tool than simply con- 1 many evident attempts to express INDICATORS sidering the ‘econom- this relationship explicitly. It is this What is the appeal of ics’ of change and implicit, assumed nature that pro- indicators? When growth. By integrat- vides the research opportunity at used as a system, they ing an indicators sys- hand: what is the strength of this hold much promise as tem into overall com- relationship, expressed in terms of an evaluation tool. What makes munity or regional planning, it will explicit outcomes such as impacts? indicators any different from other be easier to evaluate the impacts of

Micanopy

CONTRIBUTIONS OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION TO QUALITY OF LIFE OF FLORIDIANS 11 Fernandina Beach

ernandina Beach is located on Amelia Island, a coastal barrier island along the northeastern Florida coast. F It is one of three incorporat- ed areas in Nassau County and con- tains many of the area’s historic properties. Its rich history includes the dis- tinction of being the last town platted by the Spanish before they ceded Florida to the United States in the early 1800’s. As one of the oldest set- tlements in Florida, it offers a charming Victorian seaside setting. Fernandina Beach was named "One of a Dozen Distinctive Destinations Worth Discovering" in 2002 by the National Trust for Historic Preservation. Given its expansive historic resources, it provides an excel- lent case study of how economic Fernandina Beach that together con- Some issues have emerged that development and historic preserva- tain 336 historic buildings. The dis- the City of Fernandina Beach and tion can be compatible and integrat- tricts are: others concerned with protecting ed to provide the community desir- 1. Downtown Historic District – This their historic resources will need to able outcomes while protecting valu- district, the Fernandina Beach consider. One of these is that the able resources. Historic District, is a result of devel- rapid rise in market values of the Fernandina Beach has a rich his- opment of Fernandina in its “new” properties can have some chilling toric fabric that for decades in the location to the south of Old Town effects on business activity, if prop- early and mid-20th century did not Fernandina after the mid-19th cen- erty tax bills rise too high for local receive development pressures like tury. businesses to support. It also other Atlantic coastal towns in 2. Old Town – This district encom- impacts new property tax assess- Florida. This turned out to be very passes the original settlement area ments for buyers when a property is fortuitous for present day outcomes for Fernandina Beach and abuts the sold and may indicate that small, – because of its relative isolation waters of Amelia River. unique businesses could not afford away from the rapid build-up areas, The City of Fernandina Beach has to pursue new opportunities. A key the city was able to preserve its his- benefited tremendously from its his- to preserving the quality and charac- toric fabric. By the late 1960’s, some toric resources and by pursuing ter of a unique place like Fernandina began to realize what treasures preservation-led strategies for eco- Beach will be to address this and these historic resources represented nomic development. Its downtown other issues to maintain balanced and initiated efforts to revitalize and district is a major attraction for many and sustainable preservation-based preserve them. They realized that tourists each year and offers a unique development. the resources represented a basis on and quaint experience that is different This case illustrates that econom- which to build a tourism industry from many coastal towns where all ic development and historic preser- and the basis for desirable economic the same chain stores may exist and vation are indeed compatible and development outcomes. Actually, newer buildings are the standard. It is can serve as a valuable basis on Fernandina Beach “rebuilt” a indeed a charming Victorian era sea- which to build and enhance a local tourism industry because in the late side town and has done a commend- economy. By preserving historic 1800’s, the city was a well recog- able job of preserving its historic resources and enhancing their use nized tourist destination, promoted resources to date. They have a con- and appeal, development outcomes and renowned by many as the siderable number of historic proper- can be realized that benefit not only "Newport of the South" (referring to ties to work with and as discussed in the economic aspects but also the Newport, Rhode Island, as a popular the subsequent section, they have social and cultural dimensions with seaport resort town). garnered economic gains that are provision of a unique and desirable There are two historic districts in quite impressive for a small city. community.

12 CONTRIBUTIONS OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION TO QUALITY OF LIFE OF FLORIDIANS changes, whether positive, negative indicators are bits of information or neutral. It is this ability of com- that, when combined, generate a munity indicators systems to be picture of what is happening in a integrated as a system for gauging local or regional system. It is impor- impacts across a full spectrum of tant to note that these systems gen- outcomes that makes it beneficial to erate much data and it is the analy- explore using them. Further, indica- sis of these data that can be used in tors incorporate both frameworks of the decision-making and policy/pro- performance and process outcomes, gram improvement process. There which serve to facilitate evaluation. are numerous functions of indica- When properly integrated, indicators, including: description, simpli- tors hold the potential to go beyond fication, measurement, trend identi- Indicator Framework

just activity reports, to being utilized fication, communication, clarifica- The following table presents a list of the in the decision-making process as tion, and as catalysts for action. indicators selected to calibrate the frame- indicators of impacts and outcomes. work. They are divided into four categories: gauging (related to type and amount); There are four common frame- protecting (ordinances and regulations); Just what is a community indicator? works used for developing and enhancing (partnerships and incentives); and interfacing (uses). Essentially, community indicators implementing community indica- are bits of information that when tors systems in the U.S.: 1. Quality A. Gauging combined, provide a picture of what of Life, 2. Performance Evaluation, These indicators are related to the amount and is happening in a local system. They 3. Healthy Communities, and 4. type of historic resources in the community. provide insight into the direction of Sustainability. The framework pre- • Historic fabric • Rehabilitation/ • Districts, structures, certified tax credits a community: improving or declin- sented most closely follows the landmarks • Assessed property ing, forward or backward, increasing quality of life format. • Distressed historic value trends neighborhoods • Historic district/ or decreasing. Combining indicators property reinvestment 1. This section is excerpted in part from provides a measuring system to pro- Community Indicators, Rhonda Phillips, B. Protecting vide clear and honest information American Planning Association, PAS Report No. 517, 2003. about past trends, current realities, These indicators are ordinances and regulations. and future direction, in order to aid 2. Hoernig and Seasons, 2005. “Understanding • Historic preservation • Preservation ordinances Indicators,” in Community Indicators element/plan • Historic preservation decision-making. Community indi- Measuring Systems, Rhonda Phillips, ed., p. 5, integration survey cators can also be thought of as a London: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. • Design guidelines • Historic preservation • Historic preservation staff report card of community well commission • Certificates and being. Bottom line: Community enforcement actions

C. Enhancing

These indicators are related to partnerships and incentives. • Main Street program • Neighborhood • Certified Local participation Government • Civic/museum • Participation in other partnerships state/federal programs • Tax exemptions • Historic preservation • Other incentive non-profits programs

D. Interfacing

These indicators are related to the uses of property. • Housing affordability • Community use factors • Business use • Heritage/cultural • Community draw interactions factors Pensacola

CONTRIBUTIONS OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION TO QUALITY OF LIFE OF FLORIDIANS 13 14 Biltmore Hotel, Coral Gables 3

Preservation Laws & Policies

privately-owned historic properties. In a democratic society, our laws and policies ulti- The 52 Florida communities recog- mately reflect our priorities. Thus, we restrict nized as certified local governments each have local programs certified as things deemed harmful and seek to promote things meeting basic standards in the expertise of their preservation that are viewed as beneficial. Historic preservation boards, the standards required for designating historic districts and laws reflect a decision by policy makers that our landmarks, and the adoption of guidelines to protect historic neigh- heritage, whether national or local, is significant borhoods. Regulatory laws may also control and should be preserved for future generations. a process (i.e. obliging federal or state agencies to consider Historic resources have a value that appropriate, especially where there the impacts of their undertakings can be seen as aesthetic and educa- are numerous vacant lots. The revi- on historic resources). tional, in addition to whatever eco- talization that accom- Thus, under Section nomic value they may have. There are panies an ongoing 106 of the National two types of laws and policies that historic preservation Historic Preservation promote historic preservation: regula- program can also con- Act, federal agencies tions and incentives. tribute to increased must consider the public safety as vacant effects of federal or How do Historic Preservation buildings become federally funded proj- Laws contribute to Quality of Life? inhabited homes and ects on historic Historic preservation programs can businesses. resources. Similar be a key piece of community revital- procedural considera- ization, as well as an important part Types of Historic tions are required of maintaining the property and Preservation Laws by the National character of local historic neighbor- Regulatory historic Environmental Policy hoods. Historic districts typically preservation laws may Act and Section 4(f) require maintenance of property, mandate a specific of the Transportation thus preventing properties from substantive result (i.e. preservation Act. These acts require notification becoming derelict. Historic tax of the historic resource). For exam- of federal and state historic credits and tax exemptions can ple local ordinances allow for the preservation officers about possible foster the restoration of decayed designation of certain properties or impacts on historic resources historic buildings, whether in down- neighborhoods as historic, and then and allow them time to provide towns or residential neighborhoods. authorize restrictions on the appear- comments and suggestions about Historic districts need not be frozen ance or demolition of historic prop- alternative approaches which will in time. Indeed, sensitive infill erties. These local laws are the most minimize any harm to historic development is often necessary and important element in preserving resources.

CONTRIBUTIONS OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION TO QUALITY OF LIFE OF FLORIDIANS 15 Incentives to promote Historic Preservation Incentives, on the other hand, encourage preservation by providing some tangible benefit. These benefits may include tax relief, grants or relief from certain regulatory or procedural burdens. The benefit may be simple recognition of the historic importance of a structure or neighborhood, as is provided by the National Register of Historic Places or the National Historic Landmarks. Florida currently has more than 1,500 sites and districts on the National Register. This recognition may entitle properties to further benefits. For example, those ADAPTIVE REUSE OF HISTORICAL RESOURCES: whose rehabilitation of income-producing historic properties is certified to be in con- Tampa Heights Sanctuary Lofts formity with the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation, may receive his former Methodist Church, located in Tampa Heights north of down- the Federal Rehabilitation Tax Credit, a tax town, was originally built in 1910, and a Sunday school facility was credit of up to 20% of the value of the added in 1927. When the congregation moved to another facility in rehabilitation work. Since 1986, nearly T 1998, the historic building was left vacant. A group of investors, led by 450 Florida tax credit projects representing Andrew Ham of Urban Trust, LLC, saw an opportunity to restore the building as a some $556 million in construction have combination office/apartment complex. A partnership of several investors and the been approved by the National Park City of Tampa acquired the property and arranged financing. The federal rehabil- Service. itation tax credit, a 20 % tax credit for rehabilitation of historic properties, made Local governments raise much of their the $3.1 million construction project possible. revenues through property taxes. The will- The rehabilitation of the Greek Revival building had to be certified by the ingness of counties and/or municipalities National Park Service as complying with the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards to forego some revenues in the form of tax for Rehabilitation. Following these standards, developers retained the building’s exemptions can serve as an encourage- historic features, including the outer ment to property owners to invest in and walls, stained glass, hardwood floors, rehabilitate their properties. Three types of original corridors and the interior space local tax exemptions are possible in of the former sanctuary. The Sunday Florida. The first allows exemptions from School building was became 32 residen- property taxes for up to 50% of the tial loft units with 12 foot ceilings, large assessed value of property that is: 1) used windows and original architectural for commercial purposes or by a non-prof- features. The former sanctuary was it organization; 2) listed in the National developed as 4,000 square feet of office Register, designated as a local landmark or space with a view to the dome overhead. part of a National Register or local historic The new Sanctuary Lofts is one of the district; and 3) regularly open to the pub- first residential loft projects undertaken lic.1 The second, most common type of in Tampa. The project benefited from a $100,000 loan from the City to acquire the exemption, allows for a ten-year exemp- property, and from $497,408 in rehabilitation tax credits. The result is attractive tion of the value by which historic proper- living and working space near downtown, and a model for adaptive reuse of ties are improved by rehabilitation.2 A final historic buildings. exemption allows a total property tax exemption where rehabilitated historic properties are used for nonprofit or gov-

16 CONTRIBUTIONS OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION TO QUALITY OF LIFE OF FLORIDIANS Merrill House, Jacksonville

ernmental purposes and where the INCENTIVES TO PROMOTE building is open to the public.3 HISTORIC PRESERVATION: Florida communities increasingly make use of these tax incentives: in St. Petersburg 2005, over $137 million worth of Emerson Apartments property was exempt from ad valorem Restored in 2005 taxes due to these three types of historic tax exemptions.4 RESTORATION NON RESTORATION Grants are a further important Soft Costs $ 215,000 Soft Costs $215.000 incentive to preserve historic proper- Historic Construct. $ 815,000 Non Historic Construct. $675,000 ties. The federal government provides (72 S.F.) $ 1,030,000 (60 S.F.) $890,000 grants under the Save America’s Total Development $ 1,030,000 Total Development $890,000 Cost (92 S.F.) Cost (78 S.F.) Treasures program to preserve some of the most important landmarks in PRESERVATION INCENTIVES NO INCENTIVES Florida. Under this program since Fed Tax Credits 20% $ 163,000 Fed Tax Credits 20% $ 0 1999, thirteen Florida projects have Ad Valorem Tax $ 815,000 Ad Valorem Tax $ 0 Exemption ($407,000) Exemption ($407,000) been funded by Save America’s TDRs @ $10 S.F. $ 150,000 TDRs @ $10 S.F. $ 0 Treasures, including $353,000 for Facade Easement $75,000 Facade Easement $ 0 preservation at the Ringling estate of Cà d’Zan in Sarasota, $795,000 for Annual Property Taxes $ 6,300 Annual Property Taxes $ 6,300 Net Development Cost $ 588,674 Net Development Cost $ 890,000 preservation work at the Biltmore ($52 s.f.) ($80 s.f.) Hotel in Coral Gables and $450,000

to preserve the Singing Tower at the Provided by Bob Jeffrey, City of St. Petersburg Bok Sanctuary in Lake Wales.5

CONTRIBUTIONS OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION TO QUALITY OF LIFE OF FLORIDIANS 17 Florida Historical Grants

$35,000,000.00 250

$30,000,000.00 200 $25,000,000.00 150 $20,000,000.00

$15,000,000.00 100 TOTAL AMOUNT TOTAL

$10,000,000.00 NO. OF PROJECTS 50 $5,000,000.00

$0.00 0 ’01 ’02 ’03 ’04 ’05 ’06 Year

Grant Funds Match Funds No. of Projects

Recent Grant Projects

SUNKEN GARDENS, ST. PETERSBURG

$350,000 in 2002 to the City of St. Petersburg to help restore 1926 Mediterranean Revival style building for use as children’s science Milton museum, restaurant and administrative offices for Sunken Gardens tourist attraction. Even more significant are the grants are non-matching grants for

BOK TOWER GARDENS grants-in-aid awarded by the projects of exceptional importance, Florida Division of Historical including public buildings such as $600,000 in 2 grants, in 2001-02, to Resources. Florida has one of the courthouses, churches and theaters. rehabilitate the famous Bok Tower’s nation’s largest and most successful Some communities provide their masonry and steel work. grant programs, having awarded own grants, and low-interest loans, some $81 million support over 780 to promote historic preservation. PRITCHARD HOUSE, TITUSVILLE preservation projects since 2001. For example, Tampa’s program is $350,000 grant to Brevard County to There are two types of grants fund- funded by the sale of historic prop- rehabilitate historic house as a museum. ed by the Division of Historical erties restored by the federal govern- Resources: 1) Acquisition and ment as part of the I-4 mitigation OLD GYMNASIUM, ARCHER Development Activities; and 2) $320,000 grant to the City of Archer to Survey and Planning Activities. The Federal Rehabilitation Tax Credit rehabilitate an old gymnasium as community former category includes most Investment in Florida 1987-2005 center. matching grants, and also includes such activities as restoration, reha- $120,000,000 40 35 SOPCHOPPY, WAKULLA COUNTY bilitation, salvaging of archeologi- $100,000,000 30 cal sites, and the preparation of $80,000,000 $842,000 in 4 grants, since 1998, to restore 25 drawings or photographs of threat- 1924 school and auditorium for use as a $60,000,000 20 ened historic sites. Survey and 15 performing arts center. $40,000,000

Planning grants-in-aid include 10 NO. OF PROJECTS

INVESTMENT AMOUNT $20,000,000 community education and relations 5 CAPE SAN BLAS LIGHTKEEPER’S projects which promote historic $0 0 QUARTERS ’87’88 ’89 ’90 ’91 ’92 ’93 ’94 ’95 ’96 ’97 ’98 ’99 ’00 ’01 ’02 ’03 ’04 ’05 and archaeological preservation. In Year Tax Credit Investment No. of Projects $300,000 grant to 1917 building as a museum. addition, so-called Special Category

18 CONTRIBUTIONS OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION TO QUALITY OF LIFE OF FLORIDIANS program. Miami-Dade County’s new Building Better Communities program will be funded by a bond program approved by voters in November 2004. Smaller communities are also able to provide grant and loan incentives. In Kissimmee, the Community Redevelopment Agency (CRA) and Main Street Program use the tax increment financing from the CRA to fund grants to improve historic façades and restore historic structures within the CRA.6 Kissimmee’s CRA has awarded over $570,000 in matching grants to businesses and homeowners within the district since 1998.7

Florida Main Street Program The Main Street Program was Bok Tower, Lake Wales established by the National Trust

for Historic Preservation in 1980 to Examples of Main Street Programs: 1. These tax exemptions are authorized by FLA. STAT.§ 196.1961. help revitalize historic downtowns, • Milton – streetscaping & 2. These tax exemptions are authorized by FLA. STAT.§ especially in smaller communities. restoration of the historic 196.1997. 3. These tax exemptions are authorized by FLA. STAT.§ Since its founding, some 2,000 Imogene Theater, damaged by 196.1998. See 2005 FLORIDA DEPT. OF REVENUE, FLORIDA PROPERTY VALUATIONS & TAX DATA Table 44 communities in forty-one Hurricane Ivan in 2004. (May 2006). states have benefited from • Melbourne – master plan 5. Florida awards under Save America’s Treasures since 1999 total $4,741,318. See National Park Service, the small grants and tech- for old downtown, adopted Save America’s Treasures, Funded Projects, available online at: http://grants.cr.nps.gov/treasures/treas- nical assistance provided together with city and ures.cfm. by the Main Street chamber of commerce. 6. Tax increment financing (TIF) makes use of increas- es in property tax revenues in designated geographic Program which focuses • Vilano Beach – New Town area to fund certain activities. Once a tax increment district is established, it sets a base year in which the on four key elements of Center and Beach pavilions. aggregate tax value of the district is set. As property revitalization: 1) Design; 2) The Waterfronts Florida tax revenues increase over the established aggregate value, the amount of excess is the tax increment. A Organization and consensus build- Partnership, run by the Department CRA or other entity entitled to receive the tax increment may then use them for designated purposes. ing; 3) Promotion and marketing of Community Affairs, offers similar See Sam Casella, What is TIF in Tax Increment of the Main Street; and 4) support to smaller waterfront towns, Financing 9 (Planning Advisory Svc. Rep. No. 389, APA 1984). In Florida, TIF under the Community Economic Restructuring. focusing on small grants, planning Redevelopment Act has provided a mechanism for successfully funding downtown revitalization, Florida has had an active Main and technical assistance to help including historic preservation activities. See FLA. Street Program since 1985, working maintain water-dependent uses and STAT. ch. 163, pt. III. 7. Information about Kissimmee’s CRA and in some 75 Florida communities. traditional waterfronts. Though not Main Street program is available at: http://www.kissimmeecra.com. During that period, Florida Main primarily a historic preservation 8. See “Florida Main Street Communities Quarterly Street has generated some $1.37 bil- program, several partner communi- Report Data Base,” information supplied by Angela Tomlinson, Florida Main Street Program Assistant, lion in public and private invest- ties, including towns like Cortez, St. Florid Department of State (June 19, 2006). Further information about Florida Main Street is ment in both rehabilitation and new Andrews and Crystal River, have available online at: http://www.flheritage.com/preser- construction, witnessing the start of used Waterfronts Florida support to vation/architecture/mainstreet/, and information about the National Trust Main Street Center is avail- over 3,600 new businesses and over address historic and cultural able at: http://www.mainstreet.org/. 11,000 new jobs.8 resources.

CONTRIBUTIONS OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION TO QUALITY OF LIFE OF FLORIDIANS 19 20 Miami Beach 4 Heritage Tourism

“Heritage tourism “affords a solid foundation that sustains age of bed tax revenue to historic the resource as well as offering a social and economic preservation. Eight of the top ten counties for percentage of bed tax impact.” - Cheryl Hargrove, First Director of the National Trust for Historic Preservation revenue allocation are considered rural by the State of Florida: Historic preservation at the county question responses from only those Suwannee, Monroe, Putnam, level is quite different than at the 53 Florida counties Highlands, Hendry, city level. When considering his- reporting collection of Taylor, and Washington. toric preservation at the county tourist-related taxes in Historic preservation level, historic preservation is a mix 2003-2004. The partic- is viewed as an invest- of the historic structures that qualify ipants in the survey ment in the community. as historically significant to the were county represen- Where history and architecturally-oriented preserva- tatives of either the nature are the main tionist, plus the events that take convention and visitor attractions, historic place in and around these struc- bureau or the tourism preservation can regen- tures, the traditions associated with development council. erate bed tax revenue. the area and the structures, the per- Many counties indi- petuation of arts and crafts that FINDINGS: rectly support historic reflect a threatened way of life 53% of Florida preservation through endemic of the area, the festivals cel- counties support secondary spending. ebrating the history of the people, historic preserva- For example: and the area that distinguish the his- tion using bed tax 1. Profits realized from toric preservation of the county. revenue. the Creekside Festival Using this broad-reaching con- Capitalizing on their assets, rural go to the actual preservation of cept of historic preservation, this counties allocate a higher percent- Princess Place Preserve. study proposed that a county’s quality of heritage tourism would be indicat- ed by the percentage of annual Top Ten FL Counties by Both 2005 Tourism Report and by Survey

tourist-related tax revenue allocated 2005 TOURISM REPORT SURVEY for historic preservation. As of COUNTY HP%* COUNTY HP%* November 30, 2004, fifty-three Suwanee 60.00 Suwanee 60.00 Florida counties levied a lodging tax. Monroe 31.70 Monroe 31.70 Using the data in the 2005 Report on Alachua 28.33 Hendry 30.00 Santa Rosa 25.00 Highlands 29.00 Florida’s Tourist-Related Taxes, each Palm Beach 17.60 Alachua 28.00 Florida County’s tourist-related tax Sarasota 17.00 Indian River 26.00 revenue expenditures allocated by Martin 15.00 Taylor 24.00 categories was compared, using the St. Johns 15.00 Martin 15.00 Indian River 12.00 Putnam 10.00 broad-reaching definition of historic Putnam 10.00 Washington 8.60 preservation. The second part of the study involved opened-ended survey *HP = Percent of annual lodging tax revenue used for historic preservation

CONTRIBUTIONS OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION TO QUALITY OF LIFE OF FLORIDIANS 21 MONROE COUNTY Monroe County, in southern Florida, had a 4% bed tax in 2003- 2004 generating $13,840,916. The county allocated 31.70%, or $4,387,570 toward historic preservation based upon the Bricks and Mortar revenue specifically earmarked for museum preservation and maintenance. It should be point- ed out that also included in the cate- Edison Ford Estates gory of Bricks and Mortar for Monroe County, was beach mainte- 2. Edison Ford Estates uses profits example of the way this county is nance and renourishment, artificial from bed tax funded marketing attempting to capitalize on the her- reef projects, nature center projects, efforts to restore the historic the itage, cultural and historic events is and an amphitheater project. It can Edison Ford Estates. the annual December month-long be debated whether the total 31.70% 3. Hillsborough County uses a his- event, Suwanee Lights, with the slo- should be considered historic preser- toric building for a visitor infor- gan, “See the lights, stay the nights.” vation, particularly the beach and mation center. The county can Suwannee County, with a 2% reef allocations, but since there was-

use bed tax dollars to historically bed tax, or $77,161, listed 60%, or of Monroe County Photo courtesy TDC. preserve the building. $46,297, of its short-term lodging revenue allocated to tourism promo- SUWANEE COUNTY tion. The decision to count the 60% “Historically-oriented events are as historic preservation in the broad- putting heads in beds, so the reaching definition was based upon Tourism Development Council is the corresponding specific projects willing to give more grants. The for this revenue, which were historic Tourism Development Council, [a museum, concerts, renaissance festi- The Key West Heritage House Museum and nine member council appointed by vals, Cinco de Mayo festivals, south- Robert Frost Cottage, home of the Annual the County Commission to oversee ern bicycle league event, blueberry Robert Frost Poetry Festival, funded by the Monroe County TDC, promotes cultural her- tourism], is very interested in his- festival, pageants, Suwanee River itage and historic architectural preservation. toric preservation,” according to Jam, and other community events. n’t further breakdown of the 31.70%, Greg D’Angio, Marketing Director, This 60% for the revenue category of the total percentage was considered Suwanee County Tourism tourist promotion has been basically as revenue allocated for historic Development Council. A perfect the same since 1995. The one item preservation. Since 1995, Monroe

Photo courtesy Suwanee Photo courtesy Tourism Development Council of note for Suwanee County is that County has allocated from 7% to an additional 30% of this county’s 31.8% to the Bricks and Mortar cate- tourist-related tax revenue has been gory, and, according to Monroe earmarked for tourism development County Tourism and Development with corresponding specific projects Director, Harold Wheeler, “every and promotion of specific projects year we fund a museum preservation such as annual cultural events, com- and maintenance project.” The rev- munity events, festivals, and con- enue disbursement for these capital certs. These, too, could actually projects can be through direct alloca- meet the broad-reaching definition tions or on a request for proposal Suwanee County Historical Museum is housed of historic preservation, thus show- basis, and may be used for historic in Old Train Depot. Recipient of multiple preservation grants from the State of Florida, ing all but 10% of Suwanee County’s preservation or cultural projects. this museum receives lodging tax revenue 2003-2004 tourism-related tax rev- Wheeler states that for this county, funding from the Suwanee Tourism Development Council. enue going to historic preservation. cultural projects can include envi-

22 CONTRIBUTIONS OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION TO QUALITY OF LIFE OF FLORIDIANS toric properties. The Tourism Development Council uses lodging Use of Revenue tax revenue in the form of Category II grants for arts and cultural events. by Category In 2002-2003, the same percentage was allocated for arts and cultural. Suwanee County One special note for this county is $84,126 Annual Revenue 10% that in the past, and for three con-

Satellite Visitor Information Center housed secutive years, funds were allocated in the last Spanish-owned structure in St. from capital projects for the Augustine, is partially funded by the St. National African-American Museum Johns County TDC using lodging tax revenue. 30% and Archives. The St. Johns County ronment, architecture, archaeology, Tourist Development Council was arts, and natural environment. the Premier Sponsor of the 2006 Annual Conference of the Florida ST. JOHNS COUNTY 60% Trust for Historic Preservation, held Tourist Promotion St. Johns County, home of May 2006 in St. Augustine. Tourist Development Florida’s premier Heritage Tourism Administration destination, St. Augustine, allocated • Hargrove, C. M. (2002). Heritage Tourism. Cultural Resource Management (25), 1. Retrieved March 22, 15% ($662.360) of its 2003-2004 2006, from http://crm.cr.nps.gov/archive/25-01/25- 3% tourism-related tax of 01-4.pdf Monroe County • Interview with Harold Wheeler, Marketing $13,840,916 Annual Revenue $4,415,735, for arts and cultural Developer, Monroe County Tourism Development Council (January 9, 2006) events. Receiving more than three • Interview with Greg D’Angio, Marketing Director, 32% million visitors annually, St. Suwanee County Tourism Development Council (November 30, 2005) Augustine received $100,000 of • Florida Statues 381.0406 F.S. Rural means an area lodging tax revenue for Visitor with a population density of less than 100 individuals per square mile or an area defined by the most recent 63% Information services housed in his- United States census as rural.

Tourism, Advertising & Promotion Historic Preservation Study: CVB State of Florida Bricks & Mortar n 2005 and 2006, The Center Bureaus Directors of each of the 53 for Tourism Research and Florida counties collecting tourist- Development conducted this related taxes in 2003/04. St. Johns County research as one of the principals $4,415,725 Annual Revenue ofI a multi-faceted, multi-departmental 2% Specifically, the study sought to address 15% study through the University of Florida the following areas: Center for Government Responsibility 1. Demonstrate the direct relationship titled “Contributions of Historic of Florida Tourist-Related 6% Preservation to the Quality of Life of Tax expenditures for Historic Floridians”. The study, coordinated by Preservation and quality Heritage 55% Drs. John Confer and Dr. Lori Tourism. Pennington-Gray, and conducted by 15% 2. The higher the percentage of annual master’s student Catherine Culver, was tourist-related tax revenue allocated supported by the Florida Department of to historic preservation, the higher 7% State. The study examined each of the quality of heritage tourism Florida’s 64 counties’ reported tourist- Advertising, Sales & Promotion enjoyed by the county. related tax revenue and expenditures Administration/Indirect Fees 3. In Florida, the percentage of tourist- for 2003/04 as published in Florida Arts & Cultural Events related lodging tax revenue expendi- Tourism Committee 2005 Report on Capital Project Florida’s Tourist-Related Taxes. tures allocated to historic preserva- Beach Renourishment Additionally, personal interviews were tion will indicate the quality of her- Collection & Audit conducted of Convention and Visitor itage tourism in Florida by county.

CONTRIBUTIONS OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION TO QUALITY OF LIFE OF FLORIDIANS 23 24 St. Augustine 5

History Museums efforts preserve historical memory Two hundred and fifty-eight institutions identify and traditions and pass them along themselves as “history museums” in the state to a new generation. Recently we have seen the growth of museums of Florida. They are as diverse as the state itself. that have emerged to address previously underrepresented con- History museums may celebrate initiate special hours, staying open at stituencies. Holocaust museums local, regional, or national places night, so that the museum is available and museums devoted to African- and events; or they may range in to all segments of the American or an focus from the display of a collec- regional population. emigrant experi- tive past to the representation of a Many museums are free ence, for example, single episode. Some museums or make only nominal contribute to our contain objects of historic interest charges to offset their understanding of and importance, while others pre- expenses. Books, pho- the rich diversity of serve books, papers, and ephemera tographs, and papers Florida’s cultural relating to Florida’s past. Many, by relevant to regional and history. certainly not all, history museums local history are pre- Florida’s citizens are housed in historically signifi- served by museums demonstrate their cant buildings. Despite these and such as the St. support for muse- many other differences between Augustine Lighthouse ums, and the cen- these institutions, the one thing and Museum or the tral role museums shared by state history museums is John Riley House. play in their lives, a dedication to serve Florida’s These materials are pre- in a variety of ways. citizens and to augment the quality served for the public and made They join membership groups and of their lives. available at the museum or historical museum friends’ groups, donate society. objects to enhance museum collec- COMMUNITY Many history museums have tions, and volunteer countless History museums make their focused their attention on local and numbers of hours. Citizens also communities better places to live in a regional identity. To that end, serve on museum boards. Almost variety of ways. Many, like the Ah- museums like the Indian River all museum boards in the state are Tah-Thi-Ki Museum or the Fort Citrus and Heritage Museum train composed of a majority of members Christmas Historic Park organize high school students to do oral from the local and regional commu- special cultural events and family fes- interviews. Other institutions, such nities. These individuals offer their tivals for local residents. Others work as the Fort Christmas Historical services and raise funds to maintain with local government to increase Park, sponsor individuals who the museums and, at the same time, public awareness of issues such as demonstrate local crafts, stories, assure that the museum adheres to preservation and conservation. They industries, and agriculture. These its mission and represents the inter-

CONTRIBUTIONS OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION TO QUALITY OF LIFE OF FLORIDIANS 25 ests of the community. Without the have on the education of the state’s are used to prepare students for the support and assistance of the citi- children. History museums and the FCAT writing prompts. The St. zens in their communities, history collections they so carefully pre- Petersburg Holocaust Museum museums would not be able to play serve, make the history studied offers free training for local teach- such a vital role in our communi- from the flat pages of a book pop ers and invites visiting classes to ties. Museum’s effects take a variety into three-dimensional reality. decorate a tile that is exhibited on of forms. In response to the depra- Seeing a place, standing in a loca- the third floor of the museum. vation of citizens after a hurricane, tion, viewing an object, or perform- Almost 20% of history museums the La Belle Heritage Museum pro- ing a task — students see and feel have materials from their collec- duced a “storm gourmet” cookbook the local and state history that sur- tions that they bring directly into of recipes that did not require cook- rounds them. Over half of Florida’s the classroom for those students ing or heating. The Baker Block history museums provide special who cannot visit the museum. For Museum in Baker provides travel- programming tied to the Sunshine those who are fortunate enough ing exhibitions to daycare centers, State Standards. Most supply pro- to be able to make the trip, muse- nursing homes, and adult educa- gramming for teachers who are ums offer hands-on workshops tion centers. charged with teaching Florida his- where students can experience the tory to fourth grade students. This trill of an archeological dig or the EDUCATION effort, however, is just the tip of the pleasure of learning a traditional The most obvious impact of iceberg of educational outreach. handicraft. Museums like the history museums on the citizens of Museums like the Eustis History Morikami Museum and Japanese Florida, however, is the effect they Museum host essay contests that Garden in Delray Beach work with at-risk children and young adults, reconnecting them to the community. For those students who are interested, museums provide internships that prepare future leaders of the museum community.

ECONOMY History museums also positively affect the economies of the community. Most obviously, they bring in tourist dollars by offering special events and festivals like Boca Raton Historical Society. They advertise widely and build elabo- rate websites that not only give directions and highlight the museum but also the cities and towns in which they are located. People visit museums for a variety of reasons. Some come to see a particular exhi- bition. For others, the historical importance of archival holdings of history museums supports genealogical research. Research has shown that museums are a stimu- Mission San Luis, Tallahassee

26 CONTRIBUTIONS OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION TO QUALITY OF LIFE OF FLORIDIANS Ft. Christmas

Cape San Blas

Riley House Vizcaya Museum and Gardens

lus to the economic activity of the strategic partnerships with local Businesses recognize museums as a immediate area. Especially in urban businesses, and allowing commu- critical element in the social fabric areas, restaurants, historic preser- nity groups to use their facilities for and show their support by partner- vation zones, and gift shops meetings and/or social gatherings. ing with museums to offer dis- surround museum locations. Museums like the Historical counts to museum visitors, sponsor Museums affect the economic Smallwood Store Museum in exhibitions and special events, and health of the region by participat- Chokoloskee partner with local to join museum friends groups.

ing in local civic organizations like businesses for advertising and to 1. The Florida Association of Museums allows the Better Business Bureau or the package tourist services such as member institutions to self define their focus. Categories of museums are: history, science, art, Chamber of Commerce, by forming trolley and airboat rides. and natural history.

CONTRIBUTIONS OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION TO QUALITY OF LIFE OF FLORIDIANS 27 28 Gainesville 6 Historic and Affordable Housing Florida’s historic residential neighborhoods offer a the overall metropolitan area. Given the number of historic housing units range of housing types, configurations, and features that provide shelter for lower income persons, affordable housing should be to accommodate the state’s diverse populations a central consideration in historic preservation policies and programs. based on income, stage of life, and household size. Florida’s State Plan specifi- Further, as sustainable develop- tures are now appreciated, they are cally identifies historic preservation ment becomes an increasingly sig- often still perceived as a significant revitalization tool. nificant strategy to address growth as distinct from the Further, the state pressures, the proximity of historic historical, social, and pledges to increase neighborhoods to the central busi- political significance the supply of afford- ness district and other amenities of such places. With a able housing in part conveys additional benefits. Such livable community as by “recycling older housing may also be among the last a central goal, his- houses and redevel- units affordable to lower- and mod- toric preservation can oping residential erate-income working families, safeguard these fea- neighborhoods” especially in the hot housing mar- tures while address- (2005 F.S. Chapter kets of Florida where the gap ing affordable hous- 187.201 (4)(b)3). between median income and medi- ing needs. Florida’s lower an home value is rapidly increas- Among the benefits income households ing. Traditional tools, such as tax associated with pre- have a demonstrated credits, and innovative ones, such serving older and his- housing need and as community land trusts, are toric neighborhoods the state’s growth offering creative solutions to safe- are the higher percentage of afford- management legislation outlines guard affordability, to accommo- able units as compared to new devel- how local governments can inte- date the state’s increasingly diverse opments and the proximity to work, grate historic preservation and population, and to realize sustain- school, shopping, and public transit. affordable housing goals. ability goals. Almost 80% of those sampled living What tools then are available Often historic preservation is in central cities rated their neighbor- to meet these goals, specifically to not a strategy undertaken in older hoods as 6 or better on a scale from 1 attract the private sector to under- working class neighborhoods to 10 where 1 represented the worst take such rehabilitation projects? unless those areas are undergoing conditions. While not all of these Among them are building codes gentrification, resulting in dis- units were historic (50 years old or that accommodate rehabilitation, placement of lower income house- older), generally, central city neigh- neighborhood conservation dis- holds with ones of much higher borhoods contain a higher percentage tricts to complement local historic income. While vernacular struc- of historic structures as compared to districts, community land trusts,

CONTRIBUTIONS OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION TO QUALITY OF LIFE OF FLORIDIANS 29 expansion of existing revitalization programs such as Front Porch Florida, the historic rehabilitation tax credit combined with the low-income housing tax credit, preservation easements, revolving loan funds, property tax relief to address increased property values due to historic designation, and coordinated planning to proactively address potential challenges such as gentrification. Two of these tools, conservation districts and community land trusts, are discussed in greater detail below. For a more in-depth discussion of all of these Tampa tools, see the Technical Report.

Neighborhood conservation districts Conservation Districts as local regulatory tools ZEPHYRHILLS, TAMPA, MIAMI, SARASOTA When local historic districts are created, typically a conventional zoning or hile a relatively new Terrace Historic District – by ensuring an overlay district is adopted to establish tool in Florida, conser- compatible residential design consis- specific regulations associated with the vation districts offer a tent with the “historic character” in historic designation. Overlay districts W means for local gov- these adjacent neighborhoods. function in concert with the underlying ernments to flexibly address historic Initially adopted in 2001, the Seminole zoning. Requirements and incentives can fabric more broadly to encourage pro- Heights Residential Overlay District be tailored to address land uses and tection, rehabilitation, and revitaliza- Development Standards apply only to development characteristics distinctive tion that is sensitive to a neighbor- residential properties. to an area – such as historic urban fabric. hood’s distinctive culture and charac- Typically historic overlay districts require ter. The cities of Zephyrhills, Tampa, conformance with design guidelines and Miami, and Sarasota are all currently can alter the underlying setback, height, using this approach. In Zephyrhills, and use requirements, not just for addi- the Urban Conservation District is tions or changes to existing structures structured as an economic revitaliza- but also for new infill development. tion tool. The city requires that certain Neighborhoods might contain his- minimum criteria be met prior to toric homes that are not eligible for his- approval of an Urban Conservation toric designation due to lack of integri- plan or district, namely a finding of ty or significance, or they may lack a blight, unsanitary conditions, or the sufficient concentration of these homes. potential for blight. In Tampa, the Old Other neighborhoods may have homes Seminole Heights Neighborhood nearing the 50-year mark that do not Association advocated passage of an yet qualify for historic designation. NCD to complement the two historic Neighborhood conservation districts districts – the Seminole Heights Zephyrhills (NCD) assist in safeguarding neighbor- Historic District and the Hampton hood character, particularly in areas proximate to high growth centers. Residents and local officials are turning to this regulatory tool to complement historic overlay districts. NCD requirements

30 CONTRIBUTIONS OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION TO QUALITY OF LIFE OF FLORIDIANS tend to be less extensive, focusing more on character and less on detailed design guidelines to protect historic fabric. Like historic overlay districts, NCD’s can be tailored to address the unique characteristics of the community. As this approach becomes increasingly popular, ques- tions remain concerning how NCDs really differ from local historic districts and, more critically, whether it is appropriate to “designate a residential neighborhood as a conservation district when it meets the criteria for St. Petersburg designation as a historic district”. a means to maintain the cultural and other, contributing to the quality of Community land trusts: historical qualities that contribute to life in Florida. Clearly growth man- Community land trusts offer a Florida neighborhoods while also agement legislation in Florida, with means for non-profits to create meeting affordable housing goals. the embedded commitment to con- opportunities for longer-term afford- sistency and concurrency, creates a ability, particularly in lower valued Neighborhood Revitalization – structure for coordinated compre- areas when housing prices begin to A Caution: hensive planning. In addition, tools increase. This long term affordability Neighborhood revitalization such as conservation districts, com- is secured by the non-profit’s owner- through safeguarding and enhancing munity land trusts, coordinated tax ship of the land in trust with the existing historic and cultural credit projects, and the Front Porch household purchasing the home with resources is a central goal of many program offer a means to creatively certain constraints on its resale value. local historic preservation programs. engage the private sector while safe- Originally begun in the Northeast – In addition, aesthetics, culture, and guarding significant resources and Burlington, Vermont has one of the history often are essential factors in expanding affordability options. largest inventories of such properties creating an economic development Employing these indicators as a – this strategy to ensure long-term strategy. These qualities though, means to establish, monitor, and affordability has just recently been among others, can also characterize adjust integrated plans and strate- adopted in Florida. In addition to gentrification. If the city drafts “a uni- gies will result in a greater connec- maintaining housing affordability, fied vision and plan” based on an tion between historic resources and community land trusts can also safe- understanding of the context, con- the availability of housing for lower guard historic structures by retaining trols property to better direct redevel- income persons. Indicators that them in the housing inventory and opment, and communicates with and assess historic preservation in com- assisting in their rehabilitation. The empowers the residents and property bination with affordable housing Bahama Conch Community Land owners to ensure social equity, it will include: Trust, the first such non-profit in be much better able to make any Distressed historic neighbor- Florida, is the only community land resulting gentrification work for all hoods: the presence of such trust in the state that specifically members of the community. neighborhoods signal a potential addresses the twin goals of affordabil- resource that, given the appropri- ity and historic preservation. In addi- Indicators to Assist in Targeting ate public sector programs, can tion to addressing gentrification, a Combined Historic Preservation contribute to historic preserva- key goal in forming the non-profit and Affordable Housing Goals: tion opportunities that increase was the preservation of the historic Thus, affordability and historic the supply of decent, affordable African-American community. As preservation can reinforce each housing. such, the community land trust offers

CONTRIBUTIONS OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION TO QUALITY OF LIFE OF FLORIDIANS 31 Conservation districts offer a means for local governments to introduce some controls to protect such areas without requiring the age, integrity, or concentration of significant structures requisite for a locally or nationally recognized district. Rehabilitation/certified tax credits: combining these credits is a popular approach to rehabilitating income-producing residential properties. Using the competitive application process to privi- lege, rather than punish, developers who do so ensures that these projects are more likely to be financially viable. Further, adjusting the rehabilitation guidelines to more flexibly respond to Community Land Trusts the significance of the historic structure KEY WEST ensures greater responsiveness to affordability concerns without compromising n the hot housing market of securing financing for properties. The historic fabric. Key West, the Bahama Conch organization has been able to foster a Assessed property value trends: eval- Community Land Trust (2005) sense of community by becoming uating this data offers a means to I seeks to prevent the gradual deeply involved in local activities and gauge whether a neighborhood is dis- loss of the neighborhood to gentrifica- affordable housing efforts, the African tressed and thus a candidate for cer- tion and the physical deterioration of American cultural community, the envi- tain interventions. the housing stock by purchasing his- ronmental community and the historic Historic district/property reinvest- toric properties, renovating and reha- preservation community. ment: communities that make com- bilitating them as needed, and then munity reinvestment decisions that selling or leasing the homes to integrate historic preservation and income-qualified individuals with the affordability goals through coordinat- idea of “helping the community ed efforts such as layering relevant become the beneficiary of change, programs, should score higher points rather than the victim" (Sawyer- than those that simply support his- Atanda, 2005). To date, the BCCLT has toric preservation reinvestment. managed to preserve seven historic Historic preservation element/ plan inte- homes for single-family use and two gration: an integrated approach results additional multi-family buildings, locat- in better allocation of scarce resources. ed in the Key West Old Town Historic Further, design guidelines, preservation District. These homes, all constructed ordinances, and disaster preparation prior to 1950, house 31 low to moder- and response that implement such plans ate-income residents, combining the will reflect a greater sensitivity to lower sometimes competing goals of historic income households while maintaining preservation and affordable housing. historic preservation goals. BCCLT also assists potential buyers in Participation in other state/federal programs and other incentive programs: participation in programs such as Front Porch or community land trusts where opportunities to

32 CONTRIBUTIONS OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION TO QUALITY OF LIFE OF FLORIDIANS Madison

integrate historic preservation in Tax exemptions: tax exemptions hoods is possible. As population tandem with affordable housing are available to all owners of eli- pressures continue to mount and strategies represent positive gible historic properties in housing prices continue to escalate, indicators for evaluating Florida communities that have realizing historic preservation and approaches that enhance the officially adopted this strategy. affordability goals will ensure an quality of life in Florida. Generally, they contribute to enhanced quality of life in the state. Historic preservation non-profits: housing affordability by making • Rypkema, Donovan. 2002. Historic Preservation non-profits, such as CLT’s that the tax on improvements a rela- and Affordable Housing The Missed Connection. address both affordability and Washington, DC: National Trust for Historic tively less expensive proposition Preservation. Accessed on 24 October 2005, preservation goals, should be for as long as ten years. http://www.nationaltrust.org/issues/housing/ Missed_Connection.pdf. weighted as a stronger quality of Housing affordability: if the • Beauregard, Robert. “Between Modernity and life indicator. Postmodernity: The Ambiguous Position of U. indicators listed above are S. Planning.” In Readings in Planning Theory, Neighborhood participation: actively employed, then this edited by Scott Campbell and Susan Fainstein. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers, 1996. neighborhood participation in indicator will reflect “the com- • Frieden, Bernard J. and Lynne B. Sagalyn (1992) recognizing and fostering distinc- Downtown, Inc.: How America Rebuilds Cities munity’s commitment to provid- (Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press). tive cultural and historical char- ing affordable housing while at • Gratz, Roberta Brandes and Norman Mintz (1998) Cities Back from the Edge: acteristics is particularly difficult the same time enhancing its his- New Life for Downtown (New York: in lower income communities John Wiley & Sons, Inc.). toric resources.” • Kennedy, Maureen and Paul Leonard. 2001. where such goals are considered By using indicators to identify Dealing with Neighborhood Change: A Primer on Gentrification and Policy Choices, Working Paper. secondary to more pressing eco- opportunities and challenges and by Washington, DC: The Brookings Institute. nomic needs. Hayden outlines the • Miller, Julia. 2004. Protecting Older adopting tools that safeguard these Neighborhoods Through Conservation District necessity and benefits of an inte- resources while encouraging private Programs. Forum News 11(2): 1-2, 6. • U.S. Census Bureau. 2004. American Housing grated strategy of revitalizing and sector participation, revitalization of Survey for the United States: 2003. Current sustaining such places. Housing Reports, Series H150/03. Washington, working class homes and neighbor- DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

CONTRIBUTIONS OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION TO QUALITY OF LIFE OF FLORIDIANS 33 34 Carnegie Library, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee 7 Acknowledgments

Federal Disclaimer This project and publication has been financed in part with historic preservation grant assistance provided by the National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, administered through the Bureau of Historic Preservation, Division of Historical Resources, Florida Department of State, assisted by the Florida Historical Commission. However, the contents and opinions do not necessarily reflect the views and opinions of the Department of the Interior or the Florida Department of State, nor does the mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation by the Department of the Interior or the Florida Department of State. This program received Federal financial assistance for identification and protection of historic Center for Governmental University of Florida, Bureau of properties. Under Title VI of the Civil Responsibility, Levin College of Law: Economic and Business Research: Rights Act of 1964, Section 504 of the Jon Carroll and Jim Robertson, Legal Chris McCarty Rehabilitation Act of 1973, and the Age Research Assistants; Laura Coates, Office Alicia Turner Discrimination Act of 1975, as amended, Manager; Lenny Kennedy, Senior Mark Girson the U.S. Department of the Interior pro- Secretary; Barbara Sieger, Secretary. hibits discrimination on the basis of race, University of Florida, Smathers Libraries, color, age, national origin, religion, sex, Department of Urban and Regional P.K. Yonge Library of Florida History: disability, or sexual orientation in its fed- Planning, College of Design, James Cusick, Curator erally assisted programs. If you believe Construction & Planning: Mil Willis you have been discriminated against in Dr. Paul D. Zwick, Chair, Department of Project staff also thanks the many state and any program, activity, or facility as Urban and Regional Planning; Associate local government officials, business owners, described above, or if you desire further Dean, College of Design, Construction and and community leaders, who provided assis- information, please write to: Office of Planning; Emily Bergeron; Teresa Russin. tance and research for this report, including: Equal Opportunity, U.S. Department of Interior, National Park Service, 1849 C Graduate Program in Museum Studies, Florida Department of State Street, NW, Washington, DC 20240. College of Fine Arts: Division of Historical Resources: Oaklianna Brown, graduate assistant. Frederick Gaske, Director All photos are courtesy of: Preliminary research was completed by the Bureau of Historic Preservation, Division of members of the graduate seminar in Florida Department of State Historical Resources, Florida Department of museum studies in fall, 2005. Students Division of Historical Resources State; Florida Main Street; Florida completing museum research and reports Bureau of Historic Preservation: Photographic Collection, Florida State included: Caroline Bradford, Leslie David Gregory, Grants Manager, Archives; Smathers Libraries, P.K. Yonge Campbell, Catherine Culver, Amber Grants and Education Section Library of Florida History, University of Eddington, Laura Ferries, Deborah Alyssa Slade, Historic Preservation Florida; City of St. Petersburg; Andrew Johnson-Simon, Nate Lambaugh, Barbara Supervisor, Grants and Education Section Hamm, Urban Trust LLC, Jacksonville; Matusik, Kelly O’Neill, Mandy Streeter, Susanne Hunt, Planner, Statewide Elaine Illes, IPI Consultants; Jo-Anne Peck, Jeremy Underwood, Maury Wiseman. Education and Folklife Programs Preservation Resource, Inc.; Peter Prugh; Joan Jefferson, Co-coordinator, Department of Tourism, Recreation, and JoAnn Klein; Kristin Larsen; Timothy Florida Main Street Program Sports Management, College of Health McLendon; and Glenn Willumson; Angela Tomlinson, Florida Main Street & Human Performance: Program Catherine Culver, Masters Candidate, Fall Project staff thanks their colleagues at the Philip Wisley, Architect, Architectural 2006; Marketing and Events Coordinator, University of Florida, who assisted in the Preservation Services Section Department of Heritage Tourism, City of preparation of this report, including: Lauren Van Lierop, Communications St. Augustine. Office, Mission San Luis

CONTRIBUTIONS OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION TO QUALITY OF LIFE OF FLORIDIANS 35 Hamilton County: Nancy Oliver, Hamilton County Tourism Development Council

Hendry County: Jeff Barwick, Hendry County Tourism Development Council

Hernando County: Susan Rupe, Hernando County Tourism Development Council

Highlands County: Jim Brantley, Convention & Visitors Bureau of Highlands County

Hillsborough County: Steve Hayes, Tampa Bay Convention & Visitors Bureau

Indian River County: Lori Burns, Indian River Chamber of Florida Department of Community Commerce – Tourism Division Affairs, Waterfronts Florida Partnership: Clay County: Jackson County: Jennifer Carver Eve Szymanski, Clay County Tourism Development Council Art Kimbrough, Jackson County Tourism Florida Department of Transportation: Development Council John McShaffrey Collier County: City of Jacksonville: Jack Wert, Greater Naples, Marco Island & Joel McEachin Florida Association of the Everglades Convention & Visitors Convention & Visitor Bureaus: Lisa Sheppard Bureau Rob Skrob John Reyes, Jacksonville & The Beaches Convention & Visitors Bureau Columbia County: Alachua County: Jerry Spinks, Jacksonville Historical Society Harvey Campbell, Columbia County Susan Swires, Office of the Ben Warner, Jacksonville Community Tourism Development Council Alachua County Property Appraiser Council, Inc. John Pricher, Alachua/Gainesville City of Coral Gables: Herschel Shepard, FAIA, Preservation Convention & Visitors Bureau Simone Chin Architect

Baker County: Duval County: City of Key West: Amy Griffith, Baker County Tourism Jim Overton, Office of the Duval County Norma Jean Sawyer-Atanda, Executive Development Council Property Appraiser Director, Bahama Conch Community Land Trust of Key West, FL Inc. Bay County: Escambia County: Robert Warren, Panama City Beach Ed Schroeder, Pensacola Bay Area Kissimmee Main Street: Convention & Visitors Bureau Convention & Visitors Bureau Jessica Newman Information Center Bradford County: Lake County: Ron Lilly, North Florida Regional City of Fernandina Beach: Greg Mihalic, Lake County Dept. of Chamber of Commerce Catherine Hartley Economic Development & Tourism Tom Bartosek, Florida’s Space Coast Office of Tourism Flagler County: Lee County: Christina Laundrie, Flagler County Palm Nancy Hamilton, Lee County Convention Broward County: Coast Chamber of Commerce & Visitors Bureau Chris Eck, Broward County Historical Commission Ft. Christmas Museum: Leon County: Kenneth Gibbs, Office of the Broward Trudy Trask, Historic Site Supervisor Kay Strong-Hogan, Leon County Tourism County Property Appraiser Joseph Adams, Educational Coordinator Development Council Vickie Prewett, Collections Curator Francine Mason, Greater Fort Lauderdale Levy County: Convention & Visitors Bureau Gadsden County: Michael Jones, Levy County Tourism Charlotte County: Stuart Johnson, Gadsden County Tourism Development Council Development Council Becky Borrell, Charlotte Harbor & The Madison County: Gulf Islands Visitors Bureau City of Gainesville: Paul Arnold, Madison County Tourism Citrus County: Darlene Henrichs Development Council Mary B. Craven, Citrus County Convention Gulf County: Manatee County: & Visitors Bureau Paul Ramsey Pickett, Gulf County Tourism Monica Luff, Bradenton Area Convention Development Council & Visitors Bureau

36 CONTRIBUTIONS OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION TO QUALITY OF LIFE OF FLORIDIANS Director Martin County: Geraldine Johnson-Johnson, former Educator Cheryl Bass, Martin County Tourism Anthony Dixon, Archivist Development Council St. Augustine Lighthouse and Museum: Melbourne Main Street: Kathy A. Fleming, Executive Director Laird Gann Paul Wenglowsky, Director of Maritime Miami-Dade County: Education Thomas Logue, Miami-Dade County Attorney’s Kathleen McCormick, Museum Conservator Office Debe Thompson, Volunteer Coordinator Rick Ferrer, Miami-Dade County Historic Mollie Malloy, Director of Museum Preservation Board Development Ivan Rodriguez, Miami-Dade County Historic St. Johns County: Preservation Board Dena Masters, St. Augustine, Ponte Vedra & David Rooney, Office of the Miami-Dade The Beaches Visitors & Convention Bureau County Property Appraiser Georgia Katz, St. Johns County Planning Dept. Bill Anderson, Greater Miami Convention & Visitors Bureau St. Lucie County: Larry Daum, St. Lucie Tourism Development Milton Main Street: Council Vernon Compton City of St. Petersburg: Monroe County: Kimberly Hinder Harold Wheeler, Monroe County Tourism Bob Jeffrey Development Council Santa Rosa County: Nassau County: Kathy Newby, Santa Rosa County Tourism Carolyn Haney, Amelia Island Tourism Development Council Development Council Tammy Stiles, Office of the Nassau County Sarasota County: Property Appraiser Virginia Haley, Sarasota Convention & Visitors Bureau Okaloosa County: Darrel C. Jones, Emerald Coast Seminole County: Convention & Visitors Bureau Suzan Bunn, Seminole County Convention & Visitors Bureau Okeechobee County: Kathy Scott, Okeechobee County Tourism Suwannee County: Development Council Greg D’Angio, Suwannee County Tourism Development Council Orange County: William C. Peeper, Orlando/Orange County City of Tampa: Convention & Visitors Bureau, Inc. Del Acosta Andrew Ham, Urban Trust LLC, Jacksonville Osceola County: Elaine Illes, IPI Consultants Tim Hemphill, Kissimmee/St. Cloud Jo-Anne Peck, Preservation Resource, Inc. Convention & Visitors Bureau Taylor County: Palm Beach County: Dawn Taylor, Taylor County Tourism W.E. McLaughlin, Palm Beach County Development Council Convention & Visitors Bureau Volusia County: Pasco County: Art Heinz, Office of the Volusia County Tax Diane Jones, Pasco County Tourism Collector Development Council Wakulla County: Pinellas County: Greg James, Office of the Wakulla County Lee Daniel, St. Petersburg/Clearwater Area Clerk of Court Convention & Visitors Bureau Walton County: Polk County: Erin LaGrosse, Beaches of South Walton Mark Johnson, Central Florida Visitors & Convention & Visitors Bureau Convention Bureau Washington County: Putnam County: Ted Everett, Washington County Tourism W.D. Larson, III, Putnam Development Council County Chamber of Commerce City of West Palm Beach: Riley House Museum: Friederike Mittner Althamese Barnes, Founder and Executive

CONTRIBUTIONS OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION TO QUALITY OF LIFE OF FLORIDIANS 37 Florida Tourism Map, 1941