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Cross Sections for Neutron Inelastic Scattering and (N, 2N) Processes

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Cross Sections for Neutron Inelastic Scattering and (N, 2N) Processes AE-88 00 Cross Sections for Neutron Inelastic 00 w < Scattering and (n, 2n) Processes. A Review of Available Experimental and Theoretical Data. M. Leimdörfer, E. Bock and L Arkeryd AKTIEBOLAGET ATOMENERGI STOCKHOLM SWEDEN 1962 AE-88 CROSS SECTIONS FOR NEUTRON INELASTIC SCATTERING AND ( n, 2n ) PROCESSES A Review of Available Experimental and Theoretical Data by M. Leimdörfer, E. Bock and L. Arkeryd Summary: A survey of the present state of knowledge on (n, n') and (n, 2n) reactions has been performed. The result is presented in the form of a main index to references on all elements and several special indices to different theoretical ways of approach, such as the direct-interaction concept, the continuum model (including level density theories), the discrete-level statistical model (Hauser-Feshbach), with a subsection on the optical model, 486 references accompanied with abstracts giving essential information pertaining to the field are supplied in the report. It is intended to keep this review up to date by regular issue of supplements. The abstracts have been arranged alphabetically according to the name of the first author. Printed and distributed in October 1962. Contents: Foreword page I Introduction I - V Main Coordinate Index Arranged According to Elements and Publishing Year VI - XXIV Subject Indices XXV - XXVI Author Index XXVII - XXXV Abstracts 1 - 486 A first edition of this report was issued as VDIT-50 (RFA-74) in Fehruary 1962. In the present, revised, edition such publica- tions as have appeared since the issue of the former report have been included, simultaneously as the.organization has been improved and, we hope, most of the inevitable printing errors have been removed. The authors are indebted to Dr. Robert J. Howerton for pointing out that reports of sphere transmission measurements might be misinterpreted as presenting results of inelastic and not non- elastic cross sections. To clarify this we want to underline that results of such experiments have been included to serve as indica- tions in case the (ti,?)» (n,p), (n,a) and similar cross sections are known and either the (n, n') or (n, 2n) cross sections are known to be ignorable. For Be which has no inelastic scattering the non- elastic cross section publications have been indexed under (n, 2n) data but for other elements they will be found in the (n, n') column of the index. I_ntrjO_duc_tio_n Data on fast neutron inelastic, processes are of great importance in reactor science, especially in the fields of fast reactor analysis, radiation damage theory,, and shielding. During the last few yoars considerable effort, both experimental and theoretical, has been focused at increasing the knowledge of these reactions. Compara- tively few of the results can be found in compilations of general aviiilability, such as those published by the Brookhaven National Laboratory and the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory (BNL-325, BNL-400, UCRL-5226, UCRL-5351, UCRL-5573). In an attempt II to remedy this situation for the immediate needs of shielding calculations the authors have undertaken the task of compiling references relating to experimental and theoretical work on (n, n') and (n, 2n) processes. For the sake of completeness, no restriction was put on the range of elements, although a few might seem rather exotic in the eyes of the shielding theorist. We hope, thereby, to have produced a survey which should find quite general applications. Several scientists involved in research pertaining to this subject have been contacted personally in an ambition to insure the reliability and completeness of the informa- tion presented by us. The definition of the term "data" was taken as widely as possible. Consequently, this survey comprises information on measurements and calculations on total (n, n"") and (n, 2n) cross-sections and angular and energy distributions of neutrons and gamma rays produced in these processes. Results of non-elastic cross-section measurements have been included in many cases as these contain, inherently, values of the sum of the (n,n') and (n, 2n) cross-sections» Frequent references are given to abstract periodicals such as Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. although the abstracts naturally do not contain the complete information advertized by the title. It was thought, however, that much valuable information can be obtained from such sources and that they give a good view of the state of develop- ment. III Index arranged according to elements. The main index has been prepared with the intention of facili- tating the finding of data on specific elements and» in a few cases, on specific isotopes. The material has been subdivided chronologically according to the publishing year of the reference. All work carried out before 1958 (the year of the 2nd Geneva Conference) was collected in a single bin, a step which seems reasonably justified in view of the result itself. Subject indices. Survey articles giving an expanded view of the state of theoretical or experimental development were collected separately and will be found in a special index. The great amount of literature on theory has been split into several parts. The primary division into the compound nucleus model and the direct interaction concept is a natural consequence of the present-day state of theoretical nuclear physics. As, by far, the greatest effort combined with considerable success, can be noticed in compound interaction calculations a sub-division of this subject is justified. It should not be forgotten, however, that a great deal of evidence for direct interaction has shown up recently as a result of the improved experimental techniques for measuring the angular distribution of the in- elastically scattered neutrons. IV From the compound interaction subject we first peel off the subdivision o£ high compound nucleus and target nucleus exci- tation resulting in the evaporation or continuum model based on purely statistical considerations and first discussed by Weisskopf in 1937. This continuous level description seems to be applicable to most elements from about 5 MeV and upwards. The energy spectrum of scattered particles can be fitted to a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution with a single parameter, the "nuclear temperature" depending on the nuclear level density. It therefore seems justified to include work carried out especially on the determination of this quantity. In the energy region starting from the ground state of the target nucleus and reaching over the first half-dozen levels of exci- tation the spins and parities of these levels have to be taken into account. The theory of this description has been developed on the basis of a paper by Hauser and Feshbach in 1952. A consider- able amount of calculational work has been laid down at various laboratories, and computer programs for performing these, rather lengthy, calculations are now in frequent use. All work based on the compound nucleus concept is dependent on the availability of one basic quantity, the compound nucleus forma- tion probability, which is obtained from solutions of the Schrödinger equation with various complex potentials, viz. the optical model. Parameters for such calculations are generally obtained from elastic scattering angular distributions, References to optical model calculations with special regard to obtaining the "penetra- bilities" necessary for Hauser-Feshbach calculations have been sorted out separately. v A number of compilations of experimental results, sometimes with theoretical inter- and extrapolations to give data on one or several elements in a systematical form suitable for transport calculations have appeared lately, but their sources of basic data, within the scope of this survey, are not generally of recent date. References to such compilation reports are given in a separate index at the end of the subject indices section. Finally, it should be remarked that the majority of the abstracts given are those of the original authors themselves, although, in many cases, abstracts giving information pertaining to the subject of this report have been specially prepared. Acknowledgements: The authors are very much indebted to the following scientists for giving information regarding their work and also for giving hints for further trailing of material. Dr. Lawrence Cranberg, Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory Dr. Cecil R. Lubitz, Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory Dr. Douglas M. Van Patter, Bartol Research Foundation Dr. David B. Thomson, Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory. VI MAIN COORDINATE INDEX ARRANGED ACCORDING TO ELEMENTS AND PUBLISHING YEAR (Abbreviation; b 1958 = before 1958) Element Inelastic scattering (n, 2n) 1 D2 - 1961: 89, 95, 249 I960: 204 1958: 45 2 He 1958; 391 1961: 89 1958: 420 3 Li 1961: 310, 112 1961: 310 1960; 349, 350 1959: 72, 486 1958: 207 1958: 186 4 Be 1961: 89, 95, 179, 248, 249, 112 I960; 251, 267, 28, 29, 266 1959: 30, 327, 486, 304, 268 1958: 30, 214, 325, 207, 216, 18, 45, 441, 48, b 1958: 212, 175, 122, 56, 54, 431, 39(BeO), 174, 376 VII Element Inelastic scattering (n, 2n) """"•••" »•••••- 5 B 1961: 17, 89, 179, 287, 112 1960: 129 1958: 269, 271, 216 1958: 45 b 1958: 212, 128, 175, 55, 218, 39, 354 6 C 1962: 64, 423 1961: 17, 20, 76, 1961: 179, 78 89, 179, 475, 249, 104, 477, 112 1960: 14, 92, 130, 133, 231, 349, 350 1959: 327, 411, 486, 452 1958: 18, 30, 40, 1958: 19, 45 110, 214, 215, 269, 271, 325, 457, 207, 353 b 1958: 212, 250, 56, b 1958: 79 128, 175, 322, 54, 55, 210, 246, 431, 468, 330, 433, 39, 354 7 N 1962: 64, 423 1961: 20, 89, 99, 1961: 89, 99, 367, 252 78 i960: 163 1959: 72, 197, 225 1958: 71, 271 1958: 19, 45, 365 b 1958: 212, 293, 122 b 1958: 345 VIII Element Inelastic scattering (n, 2n) N b 1958; 128, 175, 420, 354 O 1961: 20, 89, 99, 1961: 99, 179, 78, 179, 249, 112 I960; 19, 92, 133(H2o), 349, 350 1959: 72 1958; 71, 271, 428 b 1958; 212, 122, 128, 175, 433, 109, F 1961; 89, 367, 78 1958; 19, 45 b 1958; 345 11 Na 1962: 446 1961: 17, 89, 287, 1961: 89, 449, 289 346, 443, 445, 442, 449, 427.
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