Protons and How They Are Transported by Proton Pumps
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Proteomic Analyses Reveal a Role of Cytoplasmic Droplets As an Energy Source During Sperm Epididymal Maturation
Proteomic analyses reveal a role of cytoplasmic droplets as an energy source during sperm epididymal maturation Shuiqiao Yuana,b, Huili Zhenga, Zhihong Zhengb, Wei Yana,1 aDepartment of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV, 89557; and bDepartment of Laboratory Animal Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] Supplemental Information contains one Figure (Figure S1), three Tables (Tables S1-S3) and two Videos (Videos S1 and S2) files. Figure S1. Scanning electron microscopic images of purified murine cytoplasmic droplets. Arrows point to indentations resembling the resealed defects at the detaching points when CDs come off the sperm flagella. Scale bar = 1µm Table S1 Mass spectrometry-based identifiaction of proteins highly enriched in murine cytoplasmic droplets. # MS/MS View:Identified Proteins (105) Accession Number Molecular Weight Protein Grouping Ambiguity Dot_1_1 Dot_2_1 Dot_3_1 Dot_4_1Dot_5_1 Dot_1_2 Dot_2_2 Dot_3_2 Dot_4_2 Dot_5_2 1 IPI:IPI00467457.3 Tax_Id=10090 Gene_Symbol=Ldhc L-lactate dehydrogenase C chain IPI00467457 36 kDa TRUE 91% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 2 IPI:IPI00473320.2 Tax_Id=10090 Gene_Symbol=Actb Putative uncharacterized protein IPI00473320 42 kDa TRUE 75% 100% 100% 100% 100% 89% 76% 100% 100% 100% 3 IPI:IPI00224181.7 Tax_Id=10090 Gene_Symbol=Akr1b7 Aldose reductase-related protein 1 IPI00224181 36 kDa TRUE 100% 100% 76% 100% 100% 4 IPI:IPI00228633.7 Tax_Id=10090 Gene_Symbol=Gpi1 Glucose-6-phosphate -
Crystal Structures of the Gastric Proton Pump Reveal the Mechanism for Proton Extrusion
Life Science Research Frontiers 2018 Research Frontiers 2018 Crystal structures of the gastric proton pump reveal the mechanism for proton extrusion After intaking food, the pH inside our stomach phosphorylation (P), and actuator (A) domains reaches around 1. This acidic environment, (Fig. 2(a)). The β-subunit has a single TM helix and generated by the gastric proton pump H+,K+-ATPase a large ectodomain with three of the six N-linked [1], is indispensable for food digestion and is also glycosylation sites visualized in the structure. The an important barrier to pathogen invasion via the electron density maps define the binding mode of oral route. However, excess stomach acidification vonoprazan (now available for clinical treatment) and induces ulcers, which considerably impair the health SCH28080 (a prototype of P-CAB), and the residues of those affected. Acid suppression in combination coordinating them, in a luminal-facing conduit that with antibiotics is a widely recognized treatment to extends to the cation-binding site (Figs. 2(b) and 2(c)). eradicate Helicobactor pylori, a strong risk factor for The binding sites of these P-CABs were previously gastric cancer. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and a thought to overlap owing to similar inhibitory actions. recently developed class of acid suppressants called Our structures show that they do indeed partially K+-competitive acid blockers (P-CABs) are commonly overlap but are also distinct. The binding mode used for the treatment of acid-related diseases. of P-CABs determined in the crystal structure is Gastric H+,K+-ATPase therefore continues to be a consistent with mutagenesis studies, providing prominent target for the treatment of excess stomach the molecular basis for P-CAB binding to H+,K+- acidification. -
Protein Identities in Evs Isolated from U87-MG GBM Cells As Determined by NG LC-MS/MS
Protein identities in EVs isolated from U87-MG GBM cells as determined by NG LC-MS/MS. No. Accession Description Σ Coverage Σ# Proteins Σ# Unique Peptides Σ# Peptides Σ# PSMs # AAs MW [kDa] calc. pI 1 A8MS94 Putative golgin subfamily A member 2-like protein 5 OS=Homo sapiens PE=5 SV=2 - [GG2L5_HUMAN] 100 1 1 7 88 110 12,03704523 5,681152344 2 P60660 Myosin light polypeptide 6 OS=Homo sapiens GN=MYL6 PE=1 SV=2 - [MYL6_HUMAN] 100 3 5 17 173 151 16,91913397 4,652832031 3 Q6ZYL4 General transcription factor IIH subunit 5 OS=Homo sapiens GN=GTF2H5 PE=1 SV=1 - [TF2H5_HUMAN] 98,59 1 1 4 13 71 8,048185945 4,652832031 4 P60709 Actin, cytoplasmic 1 OS=Homo sapiens GN=ACTB PE=1 SV=1 - [ACTB_HUMAN] 97,6 5 5 35 917 375 41,70973209 5,478027344 5 P13489 Ribonuclease inhibitor OS=Homo sapiens GN=RNH1 PE=1 SV=2 - [RINI_HUMAN] 96,75 1 12 37 173 461 49,94108966 4,817871094 6 P09382 Galectin-1 OS=Homo sapiens GN=LGALS1 PE=1 SV=2 - [LEG1_HUMAN] 96,3 1 7 14 283 135 14,70620005 5,503417969 7 P60174 Triosephosphate isomerase OS=Homo sapiens GN=TPI1 PE=1 SV=3 - [TPIS_HUMAN] 95,1 3 16 25 375 286 30,77169764 5,922363281 8 P04406 Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase OS=Homo sapiens GN=GAPDH PE=1 SV=3 - [G3P_HUMAN] 94,63 2 13 31 509 335 36,03039959 8,455566406 9 Q15185 Prostaglandin E synthase 3 OS=Homo sapiens GN=PTGES3 PE=1 SV=1 - [TEBP_HUMAN] 93,13 1 5 12 74 160 18,68541938 4,538574219 10 P09417 Dihydropteridine reductase OS=Homo sapiens GN=QDPR PE=1 SV=2 - [DHPR_HUMAN] 93,03 1 1 17 69 244 25,77302971 7,371582031 11 P01911 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, -
A Model of Mitochonrial Calcium Induced Calcium
A MODEL OF MITOCHONRIAL CALCIUM INDUCED CALCIUM RELEASE DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Balbir Thomas, The Ohio State University 2007 Dissertation Committee: Approved by David Terman, Adviser Douglas R. Pfeiffer Adviser Edward Overman Biophysics Graduate Program Christopher P. Fall ABSTRACT Cytoplasmic calcium plays a dual role in cellular physiology. On one hand it acts as a second messenger in intra-cellular signalling, and on the other hand it is also the trigger for calcium dependent apopotosis. A mechanistic explanation of this dual role of cytoplasmic calcium was proposed by Ichas and Mazat. Their hypothesis involved the permeability transition pore was based on the observation that the permeability transition pore can exist in multiple conductance states. Specifically there exist a persistent high conductance state and a transitory low conductance state. Ichas et.al. also observed that the low conductance state is opened by a rise in mitochondrial matrix pH, in contrast to what was already know about the high conductance state, which opens in response to prolonged elevation of mitochondrial calcium. In this dissertation we build a detailed, physiological model of the mitochondrial switch between calcium signalling and cell death based on a simple three state model of the permeability transition pore. This model agrees with the substance of the Ichas and Mazat hypothesis and provides a substrate for further modeling to study the spatial and temporal dynamics of mitochondrial involvement in intracellular calcium signalling, and the interaction of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum during this process. -
Atypical P-Type Atpases, Ctpe and Ctpf from Mycobacteria
Atypical P-type ATPases, CtpE and CtpF from Mycobacteria tuberculosis by Evren Kocabaş A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the WORCESTER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science In Biochemistry __________________________ October 2013 APPROVED: ____________________________ Dr. José Argüello, Major Advisor ____________________________ Dr. Arne Gericke, Head of Department 1 ABSTRACT Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes tuberculosis, one of the most life-threatening diseases of all time. It infects the host macrophages and survives in its phagosome. The host phagosome is a very hostile environment where M. tuberculosis copes with high concentration of transition metals (Zn2+, Cu2+), low levels of others (Mn2+, Fe2+) and acidic pH. P-ATPases are membrane proteins that transport various ions against their electrochemical gradients utilizing the energy of ATP hydrolysis. Based on their primary sequences; seven of the twelve mycobacterial ATPases are classified as putative heavy metal transporters and a K+-ATPase, while the substrate of four (CtpE, CtpF, CtpH and CtpI) remains unknown. Consistent with their membrane topology and conserved amino acids, CtpE and CtpF are possibly P2 or P3-ATPases that transport alkali metals or protons. We examined the cellular roles of orthologous CtpE and CtpF in M. smegmatis, a non-pathogenic model organism. We hypothesized that these novel P- ATPases play an important role in transporting alkali metals and/or protons. We analyzed growth fitness of strains carrying mutations of the coding gens of these enzymes, in presence of various metals and different pHs, as well as the gene expression levels under different stress conditions. We observed that the M. -
Molecular Cloning and Sequence of Cdna Encoding the Plasma
Proc. Nad. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 86, 1234-1238, February 1989 Botany Molecular cloning and sequence of cDNA encoding the plasma membrane proton pump (H+-ATPase) of Arabidopsis thaliana (cation pumps/nucleotide sequence/amino add homology/oligonucleotide screening/transmembrane segments) JEFFREY F. HARPER, TERRY K. SUROWY*, AND MICHAEL R. SUSSMAN Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin, 1575 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706 Communicated by Luis Sequeira, November 14, 1988 ABSTRACT In plants, the transport of solutes across the synthesized an oligonucleotide probe to screen an oat cDNA plasma membrane is driven by a proton pump (H -ATPase) library and then used a purified oat clone to isolate a that produces an electric potential and pH gradient. We have full-length A. thaliana cDNA clone. Here we provide evi- isolated and sequenced a full-length cDNA clone that encodes dence for the presence of at least two genes encoding plasma this enzyme inArabidopsis thaiana. The protein predicted from membrane proton pumps in A. thaliana and report the its nucleotide sequence encodes 959 amino acids and has a predicted amino acid sequence from one. molecular mass of 104,207 Da. The plant protein shows structural features common to a family of cation-translocating MATERIALS AND METHODS ATPases found in the plasma membrane of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, with the greatest overall identity in amino acid Plants. A. thaliana L. cv. Columbia and Avena sativa L. sequence (36%) to the H+-ATPase observed in the plasma cv. Gary (oat) were plant materials used in this study. Unless membrane of fungi. The structure predicted from a hydropa- otherwise noted, standard molecular techniques were per- thy plot contains at least eight transmembrane segments, with formed according to Maniatis et al. -
Assembling the Mitochondrial ATP Synthase Jiyao Songa, Nikolaus Pfannera,B,1, and Thomas Beckera,B
COMMENTARY COMMENTARY Assembling the mitochondrial ATP synthase Jiyao Songa, Nikolaus Pfannera,b,1, and Thomas Beckera,b Mitochondria are known as the powerhouses of the of the ATP synthase (5–7). A recent high-resolution cell. The F1Fo-ATP synthase of the mitochondrial inner cryoelectron microscopic structure of the dimeric Fo membrane produces the bulk of cellular ATP. The re- region of yeast ATP synthase revealed that the subunits spiratory chain complexes pump protons across the Atp6 and i/j form the contact sites between two ATP inner membrane into the intermembrane space and synthase monomers, supported by interaction between thereby generate a proton-motive force that drives subunits e and k (8). In mitochondria, rows of ATP syn- the ATP synthase. In a fascinating molecular mecha- thase dimers localize to the rims of the cristae mem- nism, the ATP synthase couples the synthesis of ATP branes, which are invaginations of the inner membrane. to the transport of protons into the matrix (1–3). For- The ATP synthase dimers bend the inner membrane mation of the ATP synthase depends on the associa- and are crucial for forming the typical cristae shape (9, tion of 17 different structural subunits of dual genetic 10). The supernumerary subunits e and g, together with origin. Whereas a number of assembly factors and the N-terminal portion of the peripheral stalk subunit b, steps have been identified in the model organism affect the curvature of the inner membrane (8, 9, 11). baker’s yeast, little has been known about the assem- Thus, the ATP synthase not only synthesizes ATP but bly of the human ATP synthase. -
Difference Between Atpase and ATP Synthase Key Difference
Difference Between ATPase and ATP Synthase www.differencebetween.com Key Difference - ATPase vs ATP Synthase Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a complex organic molecule that participates in the biological reactions. It is known as “molecular unit of currency” of intracellular energy transfer. It is found in almost all forms of life. In the metabolism, ATP is either consumed or generated. When ATP is consumed, energy is released by converting into ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and AMP (adenosine monophosphate) respectively. The enzyme which catalyzes the following reaction is known as ATPase. ATP → ADP + Pi + Energy is released In other metabolic reactions which incorporate external energy, ATP is generated from ADP and AMP. The enzyme which catalyzes the below-mentioned reaction is called an ATP Synthase. ADP + Pi → ATP + Energy is consumed So, the key difference between ATPase and ATP Synthase is, ATPase is the enzyme that breaks down ATP molecules while the ATP Synthase involves in ATP production. What is ATPase? The ATPase or adenylpyrophosphatase (ATP hydrolase) is the enzyme which decomposes ATP molecules into ADP and Pi (free phosphate ion.) This decomposition reaction releases energy which is used by other chemical reactions in the cell. ATPases are the class of membrane-bound enzymes. They consist of a different class of members that possess unique functions such as Na+/K+-ATPase, Proton-ATPase, V-ATPase, Hydrogen Potassium–ATPase, F-ATPase, and Calcium-ATPase. These enzymes are integral transmembrane proteins. The transmembrane ATPases move solutes across the biological membrane against their concentration gradient typically by consuming the ATP molecules. So, the main functions of the ATPase enzyme family members are moving cell metabolites across the biological membrane and exporting toxins, waste and the solutes that can hinder the normal cell function. -
Characterization of a Novel Amino-Terminal Domain from a Copper Transporting P-Type Atpase Implicated in Human Genetic Disorders of Copper Metabolism
Characterization of a Novel Amino-Terminal Domain From A Copper Transporting P-Type ATPase Implicated in Human Genetic Disorders of Copper Metabolism Michael DiDonato A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Biochemistry University of Toronto O Copyright by Michael DiDonato 1999 National Library Bibliothèque nationale 1+1 of Canada du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographie Services services bibliographiques 395 Wellington Street 395. rue Wellington Omwa ON K 1A ON4 OrtawaON KlAON4 Canada Canada The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive Licence allowing the exclusive permettant à la National Library of Canada to Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distribute or sel1 reproduire, prêter, distribuer ou copies of this thesis in microformy vendre des copies de cette thèse sous paper or electronic formats. la forme de microfiche/film, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format électronique. The author retains ownership of the L'auteur conserve la propriété du copyright in this thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor substantial extracts fiom it Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels may be p~tedor otherwise de celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés reproduced without the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation. This rhesis is dedicated ro the mentor): of Micltele DiDonato and Domenico Beftini ABSTRACT Characterization of a novel copper transporting P-type ATPase implicated in human genetic disorders of copper metabolism Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, 1999. Michael DiDonato Graduate Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto The -70 kDa copper binding domain fiom the Wilson disease copper transporting P- tvpe ATPase was expressed and purified as a fiision to giutathione-S-transferase (GST). -
Targeting Oncogenic Notch Signaling with SERCA Inhibitors Luca Pagliaro, Matteo Marchesini and Giovanni Roti*
Pagliaro et al. J Hematol Oncol (2021) 14:8 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13045-020-01015-9 REVIEW Open Access Targeting oncogenic Notch signaling with SERCA inhibitors Luca Pagliaro, Matteo Marchesini and Giovanni Roti* Abstract P-type ATPase inhibitors are among the most successful and widely prescribed therapeutics in modern pharmacol- ogy. Clinical transition has been safely achieved for H+/K+ ATPase inhibitors such as omeprazole and Na+/K+-ATPase 2 inhibitors like digoxin. However, this is more challenging for Ca +-ATPase modulators due to the physiological role of 2 2 Ca + in cardiac dynamics. Over the past two decades, sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca +-ATPase (SERCA) modula- 2 tors have been studied as potential chemotherapy agents because of their Ca +-mediated pan-cancer lethal efects. Instead, recent evidence suggests that SERCA inhibition suppresses oncogenic Notch1 signaling emerging as an alternative to γ-secretase modulators that showed limited clinical activity due to severe side efects. In this review, we focus on how SERCA inhibitors alter Notch1 signaling and show that Notch on-target-mediated antileukemia proper- 2 ties of these molecules can be achieved without causing overt Ca + cellular overload. Keywords: SERCA , T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Thapsigargin, Notch signaling, NOTCH1, CAD204520, T-ALL Background metalloprotease (ADAM-10 or TACE/ADAM-17). Te NOTCH receptors are transmembrane cell-surface pro- resulting short-lived protein fragments are substrates teins that control cell to cell communication, embryo- -
ATP Synthase K+- and H+-Flux Drive ATP Synthesis and Enable Mitochondrial K+-Uniporter Function
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/355776; this version posted April 22, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. ATP synthase K+- and H+-flux drive ATP synthesis and enable mitochondrial K+-uniporter function Magdalena Juhaszova,1,9 Evgeny Kobrinsky,1,9 Dmitry B. Zorov,1,5,9 H. Bradley Nuss,1† Yael Yaniv,1‡ Kenneth W. Fishbein,2 Rafael de Cabo,3 Lluis Montoliu,6 Sandra B. Gabelli,4,7,8 Miguel A. Aon,1 Sonia Cortassa,1 and Steven J. Sollott1,* 1Laboratories of Cardiovascular Science and 2Clinical Investigation, and 3Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, and 4Dept. Medicine, 7Dept. Oncology, 8Dept. Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA 5A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia 6Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Madrid, Spain Present address: †Center for Scientific Review, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA ‡Biomedical Engineering Faculty, Technion-IIT, Haifa, Israel 9 Co-first author * Correspondence: [email protected] Running title: ATP synthase K+- and H+-flux drive ATP synthesis Lead Contact: Steven J. Sollott, M.D. Chief, Cardioprotection Section Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science Biomedical Research Center, Suite 100 National Institute on Aging, NIH 251 Bayview Blvd Baltimore, MD 21224-2816 USA TEL: 410-558-8657 FAX: 410-558-8150 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/355776; this version posted April 22, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. -
Gene Expression Signatures and Biomarkers of Noninvasive And
Oncogene (2006) 25, 2328–2338 & 2006 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved 0950-9232/06 $30.00 www.nature.com/onc ORIGINAL ARTICLE Gene expression signatures and biomarkers of noninvasive and invasive breast cancer cells: comprehensive profiles by representational difference analysis, microarrays and proteomics GM Nagaraja1, M Othman2, BP Fox1, R Alsaber1, CM Pellegrino3, Y Zeng2, R Khanna2, P Tamburini3, A Swaroop2 and RP Kandpal1 1Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, USA; 2Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA and 3Bayer Corporation, West Haven, CT, USA We have characterized comprehensive transcript and Keywords: representational difference analysis; micro- proteomic profiles of cell lines corresponding to normal arrays; proteomics; breast carcinoma; biomarkers; breast (MCF10A), noninvasive breast cancer (MCF7) and copper homeostasis invasive breast cancer (MDA-MB-231). The transcript profiles were first analysed by a modified protocol for representational difference analysis (RDA) of cDNAs between MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. The majority of genes identified by RDA showed nearly complete con- Introduction cordance withmicroarray results, and also led to the identification of some differentially expressed genes such The transformation of a normal cell into a cancer cell as lysyl oxidase, copper transporter ATP7A, EphB6, has been correlated to altered expression of a variety of RUNX2 and a variant of RUNX2. The altered transcripts genes (Perou et al., 2000; Becker et al., 2005). The identified by microarray analysis were involved in cell–cell expression of some of these genes is a direct result of or cell–matrix interaction, Rho signaling, calcium home- sequence mutation, whereas other changes occur due to ostasis and copper-binding/sensitive activities.