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Student newspaper production has greatly evolved since the “Rachele Kanigel is a leader within journalism first publication of this book in 2006, with new developments education. Her survival guide deserves a spot in in online publishing, social media, mobile journalism and every journalism classroom and student newspaper multimedia storytelling. This new edition of The Student newsroom. As I’ll be telling my students after Newspaper Survival Guide discusses how students can take assigning them the book: This is not just required advantage of these advances in the field, while continuing reading, it’s a must-read.” to serve as an essential reference on all aspects of producing Daniel Reimold, University of Tampa a student publication. “In more than one college newsroom I’ve visited, Updated features of the second edition include: I’ve seen pages from the Survival Guide taped to walls A new chapter on social media, including how to make and tacked to bulletin boards – and not by advisers but use of Facebook, Twitter, CoveritLive, Storify and other by students. That’s when you know you have a good tools to find, report, and distribute news book about student journalism: When the students A new chapter on multimedia that explores the basics are reading it without some adult telling them to.” of digital storytelling and offers tips on recording audio, Michael Koretzky, Florida College Press Association shooting and editing video, producing slideshows and creating interactive graphics “Easy to navigate and full of tips, checklists and An increased emphasis on Web-first publishing and examples, I consider this a must-have resource for covering breaking news as it happens, including a new any student journalist. If I were starting a student section on mobile journalism newspaper or website from scratch, I’d use this guide New sections on computer-assisted reporting, covering as a framework.” higher education, crisis reporting, and science and Tom Nelson, Loyola Marymount University medical writing More checklists, tips from professionals, sample forms, “Few people address the components of the student story ideas and scenarios for discussion newspaper the way Rachele Kanigel does. The Student Fresh, full-color examples from college publications Newspaper Survival Guide tells student journalists around North America. how to cover their campus and has been updated with chapters on using social media and technology to tell those stories. It provides practical resources Rachele Kanigel is an associate professor of journalism for students who want to produce a good newspaper at San Francisco State University, where she advises Golden Gate and grow as journalists in the 21st century.” [X]press, the award-winning student newspaper, and teaches Sally Renaud, Eastern Illinois University reporting, writing, ethics and online journalism courses. Professor Kanigel was a newspaper reporter for 15 years for Cover photo © Erik Jepsen erikjepsenphotography.com daily newspapers, including The Oakland Tribune and The News & Observer of Raleigh, NC, and was a freelance correspondent for TIME magazine. She was named Journalism Educator of the Year by the California Journalism Education Coalition and won the Beverly Kees Educator Award from the Northern California Chapter of the Society of Professional Journalists. An active member of College Media Advisers, she lives in California with her husband and two sons. Kanigel cover.indd 1 23/06/2011 16:25 Kanigel_ffirs.indd ii 6/20/2011 4:21:59 PM Kanigel_ffirs.indd i 6/20/2011 4:21:58 PM Kanigel_ffirs.indd ii 6/20/2011 4:21:59 PM A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication Kanigel_ffirs.indd iii 6/20/2011 4:22:00 PM This second edition first published 2012 © 2012 Rachele Kanigel Edition history: Blackwell Publishing Professional (1e, 2006) Blackwell Publishing was acquired by John Wiley & Sons in February 2007. Blackwell’s publishing program has been merged with Wiley’s global Scientific, Technical, and Medical business to form Wiley-Blackwell. Registered Office John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, United Kingdom Editorial Offices 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148-5020, USA 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services, and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell. The right of Rachele Kanigel to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Kanigel, Rachele. The student newspaper survival guide / Rachele Kanigel. – 2nd ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4443-3238-4 (pbk.) 1. College student newspapers and periodicals. I. Title. LB3621.65.K36 2011 378.1′9897–dc22 2011017891 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. This book is published in the following electronic formats: ePDFs [9781444344486]; ePub [9781444344493]; Kindle [9781444344509] Set in 9.5/11pt Century book by SPi Publisher Services, Pondicherry, India 1 2012 Kanigel_ffirs.indd iv 6/20/2011 4:22:05 PM To the students at San Francisco State University and California State University, Monterey Bay, who inspired me. To the members of College Media Advisers, who guided and counseled me. And to my family – Laird, Dashiell and Trevor – who put up with me while I wrote this book. Kanigel_ffirs.indd v 6/20/2011 4:22:05 PM Kanigel_ffirs.indd vi 6/20/2011 4:22:06 PM CONTENTS Preface xii Dealing with your public information offi ce 27 Acknowledgments xiv Covering the administration 27 Finding story ideas 28 TIPSHEET How to fi nd story ideas 28 1 THE ROLE OF THE STUDENT The tickler fi le 29 PRESS 3 Localizing national and international TIPS FROM A PRO Susan Goldberg 5 stories 29 The role of the student press 5 Covering higher education 31 The chronicle of campus life 6 Covering health and science 31 The community forum 6 Higher education story ideas 32 Journalism and the movies 7 Covering a diverse community 33 The watchdog 8 Getting in touch with your readers 34 The training ground 8 TIPSHEET Covering meetings 35 The enhanced role of online publications 8 TIPS FROM A PRO Mike Donoghue 36 REFLECTIONS OF A COLLEGE NEWSPAPER Appendix 3.A Beat report 39 EDITOR Ed Ronco 9 Appendix 3.B Newspaper readership Challenges of student newspapers 10 survey 40 Getting help 10 4 REPORTING 43 2 RECRUITING AND TRAINING Shootings at Northern Illinois University: YOUR STAFF 13 A timeline of coverage 44 News judgment 44 Recruiting a staff 14 TIPSHEET Student journalists share Training your staff 15 advice on covering a campus TIPSHEET Training your staff 15 shooting 46 CHECKLIST Planning a training workshop 16 The reporting process 47 Creating a staff manual 16 Background research 48 Mentoring 16 Developing a reporting plan 48 Diversity training 17 Reporting resources 48 Motivating your staff 17 TIPSHEET Evaluating information on the Web 49 Q&A Miguel M. Morales 18 The power of observation 49 Appendix 2.A Training exercises 20 Interviewing 50 Recording interviews 50 Notetaking 50 3 COVERING A CAMPUS 23 TIPSHEET Interviewing 51 Developing a beat system 24 Email interviews 52 College newspaper beats 25 Math for journalists 52 On the beat 26 Accuracy 53 CHECKLIST Covering a beat 27 CHECKLIST Reporting for accuracy 54 vii Kanigel_ftoc.indd vii 6/21/2011 6:14:08 PM 5 NEWSWRITING 57 Q&A Adam Rubin 86 TIPS FROM A PRO Joe Gisondi 88 The basic news story 58 Ledes 59 TIPSHEET Writing ledes 60 8 ARTS AND ENTERTAINMENT Steps to writing a story 61 WRITING 91 TIPSHEET Newswriting 62 Previews 92 Other elements of a news story 62 Reviews 92 Telling details 62 Q&A Roger Ebert 93 Fairness and accuracy 63 CHECKLIST Entertainment review 94 Attribution 63 The fi rst-person dilemma 94 Quotes 63 TIPS FROM A PRO Sean McCourt 94 CHECKLIST Self-editing 64 Columns 95 Q&A Rob Owen 96 6 THE LIFESTYLE PAGES 67 9 OPINION PAGES 99 Lifestyle coverage 68 Types of lifestyle stories 68 The opinion section 100 CHECKLIST Profi le writing 69 The editorial process 104 Finding an angle 70 Finding editorial subjects 104 Reporting the feature story 71 Writing an editorial 104 Structuring the feature story 71 CHECKLIST The editorial 105