Cronartium Ribicola Division of Forests and Lands Forest Protection Bureau–Forest Health Section

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Cronartium Ribicola Division of Forests and Lands Forest Protection Bureau–Forest Health Section

PEST ALERT White Pine Blister Rust State of New Hampshire Department of Resources and Economic Development Cronartium ribicola Division of Forests and Lands Forest Protection Bureau–Forest Health Section Hosts: Five-needle pines including White Pine (Pinus strobus) in the northeast and Currants & Gooseberries (Ribes spp.) Distribution: Throughout all the states along the Atlantic seacoast inland to Tennessee and up through the upper Midwest. Also along the Pacific Seacoast inland to South Dakota and down to New Mexico. History: Introduced to North America from Europe in the 1890s, thousands of foresters and laborers spent millions of hours destroying gooseberries and currant plants throughout NH from 1917 to 1986 . This monumental effort Isabel Munck Isabel Munck was designed to break the disease cycle and Symptomatic Pines by the mid 1990s the occurrence of blister rust Identifying Symptoms: Signs of the disease are damage in the northeast was relatively rare. visible on Ribes species in the summer and fall Much research had gone into developing when rust colored uredia and telia are present on immune Ribes cultivars. By 2000 a short list of the undersides of leaves. On pine symptoms first 19 gooseberries and currants were available to appear as the disease infects the needles in the legally plant in NH if you provided the State fall. The infection is most apparent by recently with information on what species and cultivar killed branch flagging and stem cankers early you purchased off the list and where it was summer when orange aecia rupture the bark. being planted. In 2011 scientists in Connecticut documented the occurrence of Cronartium Life Cycle: infected Ribes nigrum cv. Titania, one of the immune cultivars. Subsequent research proved a breakdown of immunity in this cultivar and led to the removal of immune black currants from the varieties approved for planting in NH. Isabel Munck, USDA Forest Service Symptomatic Ribes Funded in Cooperation by USDA Forest Service Northeastern Area USDA is an equal opportunity employer and provider USDA Forest Service.

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PCBR 1956.Pdf (858.1Kb)
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Forest Service Region One BR REPORTS Annual - 1956 WHITE PINE BLISTER RUST CONTROL Calendar Year 1956 INF. IV. National Park Program I. Highlights of the 1956 Season The 1956 objectives of the National Park Service Region II white pine blister rust control program were accomplished. The program was planned and conducted as in previous years according to the cooperative arrangements between the Na- tional Park Service and the U. S. Forest Service. National Park Service personnel participating: Glacier Elmer Fladniark, chief ranger *A. D. Cannavina, s~pervisory park ranger Paul Webb, district ranger Yellowstone Otto Brown, chief ranger •~H. o. Edwards, assistant chief ranger Rocky Mountain: Harry During, chief ranger ->~Merle Stitt, staff ranger Grand Teton '-'"Ernest K. Field, chief r~ger Maynard Barrows, National Park Service consulting forester U. s .. forest Service· representatives: ~John C. Gynn, forester C. M. Chapman, forester The Na tionai Park Service Director approves new areas for -control. In January 1956, John c. Gynn met with National Park Service Region II Director Howard w. Baker, Regional Forester Frank ff. Childs, Fore:ster Maynard Barrows, and other members of their .s-taff at Omaha, "Nebraska, to review the results of the 1955 white pine and ribes survey on l7,270 acres of National Park lands. The group deter- mined ·the following areas should be incl\Jded in the pro;gram and the areas were later approved by the Director of the National Park Service. ~15- Glacier - expanded protection zones to present control areas only. Unit Acres Park Headquarters 300 East Glacier (Rising Sun Campground) 370 Twd Medicine 200 Total 870 Yellowstone New Unit Antelope Creek 1,390 Canyon 11,470 Fishing Bridge 2,090 Craig Pass (extension) 5,240 Total 20,190 Grand Teton New Unit Snake River (De adman 's Bar) 1,010 Grand Total 22,070 New areas surveyed at Roc~Mounta~~· At the request of Superintendent James V.
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SCIENCE Biodiversityand SUSTAINABLE FORESTRY
SCIENCE BIODIVERSITYand SUSTAINABLE FORESTRY A FINDINGS REPORT OF THE National Commission on Science for Sustainable Forestry A Program Conducted by the National Council for Science and the Environment Improving the scientific basis for environmental decisionmaking NCSE The mission of the National Commission on Science for Sustainable Forestry (NCSSF or Commission) is to improve the NCSSF operates under the scientific basis for developing, implementing, and evaluating sustainable auspices of the National forestry in the United States. Council for Science and The Commission is an independent, non-advocacy, multi-stakeholder the Environment (NCSE), body that plans and oversees the NCSSF program. It includes 16 leading a non-advocacy, not-for-profit scientists and forest management professionals from government, indus- organization dedicated to improving the scientific basis try, academia, and environmental organizations—all respected opinion for environmental decision leaders in diverse fields with broad perspectives. Members serve as making. individuals rather than as official representatives of their organizations. The Commission convenes at least twice a year to plan and oversee NCSE promotes interdiscipli- the program. Members’ names and affiliations are listed on page 2. nary research that connects The primary goal of the NCSSF program is to build a better scientific the life, physical, and social underpinning for assessing and improving sustainable forest management sciences and engineering. practices. The program strives to produce information and tools of the highest technical quality and greatest relevancy to improving forest Communication and outreach policy, management, and practice. are integral components of The initial five-year phase of the program focuses on the relationship these collaborative research between biodiversity and sustainable forest management.
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Recovery Plan for Scots Pine Blister Rust Caused by Cronartium Flaccidum
Recovery Plan for Scots Pine Blister Rust caused by Cronartium flaccidum (Alb. & Schwein.) G. Winter and Peridermium pini (Pers.) Lév. [syn. C. asclepiadeum (Willd.) Fr., Endocronartium pini (Pers.) Y. Hiratsuka] March 12 2009 Contents page –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Executive Summary 2 Contributors and Reviewers 4 I. Introduction 4 II. Symptoms 5 III. Spread 6 IV. Monitoring and Detection 7 V. Response 8 VI. USDA Pathogens Permits 9 VII. Economic Impact and Compensation 10 VIII. Mitigation and Disease Management 11 IX. Infrastructure and Experts 14 X. Research, Extension, and Education Priorities 15 References 17 Web Resources 20 Appendix 21 –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– This recovery plan is one of several disease-specific documents produced as part of the National Plant Disease Recovery System (NPDRS) called for in Homeland Security Presidential Directive Number 9 (HSPD-9). The purpose of the NPDRS is to insure that the tools, infrastructure, communication networks, and capacity required for mitigating impacts of high-consequence, plant-disease outbreaks are in place so that a reasonable level of crop production is maintained. Each disease-specific plan is intended to provide a brief primer on the disease, assess the status of critical recovery components, and identify disease management research, extension, and education needs. These documents are not intended to be stand-alone documents that address all of the many and varied aspects of plant disease outbreak and all of the decisions that must be made and actions taken to achieve effective response and recovery. They are, however, documents that will help USDA guide further efforts directed toward plant disease recovery. 1 Executive Summary Scots pine blister rust (caused by the fungi Cronartium flaccidum and Peridermium pini) infects many Eurasian pines including Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine), Pinus pinaster, P.
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Whitebark Pine Status and the Potential Role of Biotechnology in Restoration Diana F
Whitebark Pine Status and the Potential Role of Biotechnology in Restoration Diana F. Tomback Dept. Integrative Biology University of Colorado Denver Webinar, Committee on Forest Health and Biotechnology, NASEM, April 2, 2018. Outline of presentation • Distribution • Four case histories illustrating the threat posed by • ESA status review Cronartium ribicola • Ecology • Restoration approaches • Foundation and • How biotechnology can expedite restoration efforts keystone roles • The National Whitebark Pine Restoration Plan • Threats and trends. Willmore Wilderness Park, Alberta, Canada Taxonomy: Pinus albicaulis Engelm., whitebark pine Family Pinaceae, Genus Pinus, Subgenus Strobus, Section Quinquefoliae.* • Subsect. Strobus -“five-needle pines” (revised)*. • Most recent phylogenies for subgenus Strobus constructed from nuclear, mitochondrial, and chloroplast gene sequences show diverse affinities between P. albicaulis and species native to North America, Asia, or Europe (Hao et al. 2015). • Hao et al. (2015)—“…ancient and relatively recent introgressive hybridization events…particularly in northeastern Asia and northwestern North America.” Genome of whitebark pine characterized as extremely large and highly repetitive. *New Subsect. Strobus from combined subsects. Strobus and Cembrae, Gernandt et al. 2005; Syring et al. 2007. Whitebark pine range • Upper subalpine and treeline forest zones. • Western U.S. and Canada. • 96% of the U.S. distribution is on federally owned/managed lands. • 37o to 55o N lat. • 107o to 128o W long. • Elevation:
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First Report of the White Pine Blister Rust Fungus, Cronartium Ribicola, On
Alternaria was isolated from the lesions. The pathogen was isolated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) media. On PDA. the fungus grew slowly with colonies reaching approximately 35 to 40 mm in diameter in 7 days when incubated at 30°C. Conidiophores arose singly or in groups, straight or First Report of the White Pine Blister Rust Fungus, Cronartium flexous. cylindrical, septate, pale to olivaceous brown, as much as 155 pm ribicola, on Pedicularis bracteosa. P. J. Zambino, B. A. Richardson, and long, 4 to 5.5 pm thick; conidia were straight, obclavate, pale olivaceous G. I. McDonald. USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, brown, smooth, with up to 15 transverse and rarely 1 or 2 longitudinal or Moscow. ID 83843. Plant Dis. 91:467, 2007; published online as oblique septa and measured 50 to 115 x 5 to 10 pm. Pathogenicity tests doi:10.1094/PDIS-91-4-0467A.Accepted for publication 26 December were carried out three times on 6-month-old plants (n = 10). Plants were 2006. sprayed with a conidial suspension of lo5 conidialml; control plants were sprayed with sterilized water. Plants were covered with polyethylene bags Until recently, Cronarrium ribicola J.C. Fisch. was thought to utilize for 10 days. Disease symptoms appeared after 12 i- 1 day after inoculation. only Ribes spp. (Grossulariaceae) as telial hosts in North America. During Symptoms on the leaves were similar to those of a naturally occurring 2004, Pedicularis racemosa Dougl. ex Benth. and Casrilleja miniata diseased plant. The fungal pathogen was consistently reisolated from Dougl. (Orobanchaceae) were proven as natural telial hosts at a subalpine inoculated plants.
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White Pine Blister Rust in the Interior Mountain West
White Pine Blister Rust in the Interior Mountain West Kelly Burns1, Jim Blodgett, Dave Conklin, Brian Geils, Jim Hoffman, Marcus Jackson, William Jacobi, Holly Kearns and Anna Schoettle Introduction and Rocky Mountain Regions (Colorado, Wyoming, White pine blister rust is an exotic, invasive disease South Dakota, and Nebraska), and the eastern of white, stone, and foxtail pines (also referred to as portion of the Northern Region (central Montana white pines or five-needle pines) in the genus Pinus and North Dakota) (see Fig. 2). The infection front and subgenus Strobus (Price and others 1998). lies within this region and a large portion of its Cronartium ribicola, the fungus that causes WPBR, susceptible white pine population has not been requires an alternate host - currants and gooseberries challenged by the disease. This publication provides in the genus Ribes and species of Pedicularis and some background on the high elevation hosts and Castilleja (McDonald and others 2006, Zambino and others 2007) - to complete its life cycle. White pine synthesizes current information onthe distribution blister rust was discovered in western North and impacts of white pine blister rust in these more America in 1921. It is thought that the disease was recently infested areas. A summary of current and accidentally introduced on infected eastern white ongoing efforts for managing the disease is also pine (Pinus strobus) nursery stock shipped to provided. Vancouver, BC from Europe in the early 1900s but the specific details are unclear. Since then, the disease has spread throughout the distributions of most western white pines. Although all of the North American white pine species are susceptible to white pine blister rust (Bingham 1972, Hoff and others 1980), it was once thought that the remote, dry habitats occupied by the noncommercial, high elevation white pines would not support rust establishment.
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White Pine Blister Rust Epidemiology in Widely Dispersed Populations of Five-Needle Pines in the Intermountain West Region of the United States
WHITE PINE BLISTER RUST EPIDEMIOLOGY IN WIDELY DISPERSED POPULATIONS OF FIVE-NEEDLE PINES IN THE INTERMOUNTAIN WEST REGION OF THE UNITED STATES James T. Hoffman1 and Jonathan P. Smith2 ABSTRACT: In 1990 white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola) was found on Pinus strobiformis in southern New Mexico, more than 900 km from known rust populations. One hypothesis for the long- distance spread was natural migration of the disease via widely dispersed populations of five-needle pine trees found in the Intermountain West. Surveys conducted in the 1960’s suggested that predominantly arid conditions, and lack of close geographic continuity between potential host stands, would limit further disease spread though the region. We initiated surveys in 1995 to determine current white pine blister rust epidemic characteristics (disease incidence, intensity, and mortality). Analyses of data of over 5,400 trees in 127survey plot-transects indicate white pine blister rust incidence and intensity have increased since survey estimates in 1967. Mortality rates caused by blister rust disease are very low in the Intermountain West compared to other infected areas in the country. Since the earlier surveys southward expansion of the disease remains stationary, however, infected stands were found for the first time in western Nevada. Absence of white pine blister rust in Utah and most of Nevada suggests no connectivity of the disease from long-known infection sites in Idaho and Montana to the New Mexico infection sites. Keywords: Cronartium ribicola, Pinus, white pines, white pine blister rust, Rocky Mountain forests. INTRODUCTION In 1990, white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola) was found infecting southwestern white pine (Pinus strobiformis) in southern New Mexico (Hawksworth 1990).
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Geospatial Variation of an Invasive Forest Disease and the Effects on Treeline Dynamics in the Rocky Mountains
Geospatial Variation of an Invasive Forest Disease and the Effects on Treeline Dynamics in the Rocky Mountains Emily Katherine Smith-McKenna Dissertation submitted to the faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy In Geospatial and Environmental Analysis Lynn M. Resler, Chair George P. Malanson Stephen P. Prisley Laurence W. Carstensen Jr. October 2, 2013 Blacksburg, Virginia Keywords: Treeline, Whitebark Pine, Pinus albicaulis, Blister Rust, Rocky Mountains, spatial pattern, GIS, GPS, DEM, Agent-Based Model Copyright 2013, Emily K. Smith-McKenna Geospatial Variation of an Invasive Forest Disease and the Effects on Treeline Dynamics in the Rocky Mountains Emily Katherine Smith-McKenna ABSTRACT Whitebark pine is an important keystone and foundation species in western North American mountain ranges, and facilitates tree island development in Rocky Mountain treelines. The manifestation of white pine blister rust in the cold and dry treelines of the Rockies, and the subsequent infection and mortality of whitebark pines raises questions as to how these extreme environments harbor the invasive disease, and what the consequences may be for treeline dynamics. This dissertation research comprises three studies that investigate abiotic factors influential for blister rust infection in treeline whitebark pines, how disease coupled with changing climate may affect whitebark pine treeline dynamics, and the connection between treeline spatial patterns and disease. The first study examined the spatial variation of blister rust infection in two whitebark pine treeline communities, and potential topographic correlates. Using geospatial and field approaches to generate high resolution terrain models of treeline landscapes, microtopography associated with solar radiation and moisture were found most influential to blister rust infection in treeline whitebark pines.
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Data Sheet on Cronartium Coleosporioides
EPPO quarantine pest Prepared by CABI and EPPO for the EU under Contract 90/399003 Data Sheets on Quarantine Pests Cronartium coleosporioides IDENTITY Name: Cronartium coleosporioides J.C. Arthur Anamorph: Peridermium stalactiforme (Dietel) J.C. Arthur & Kern Taxonomic position: Fungi: Basidiomycetes: Uredinales Common names: Stalactiform blister rust (English) Notes on taxonomy and nomenclature: A broader concept of C. coleosporioides has been followed in the past, by which it is considered to include a set of distinctive aecial stages: Peridermium stalactiforme (northern distribution), P. filamentosum (southern distribution) and P. harknessii (ubiquitous and autoecious) (Mordue & Gibson, 1978). However, Hiratsuka (1969) concluded that the aeciospores of P. harknessii function as teliospores and erected the new genus Endocronartium to accommodate such endocyclic life cycles (see Endocronartium harknessii; EPPO/CABI, 1996c). This approach is followed here, so the aecial stage of C. coleosporioides is considered to be only P. stalactiforme. In other respects, it may be noted that C. coleosporioides belongs, with C. comandrae and C. comptoniae, to the group of the "blister rusts", heteroecious rusts with P. banksiana and P. contorta as main aecial hosts and wild indigenous herbaceous plants as telial hosts. Bayer computer code: CRONCL EPPO A1 list: No. 248 EU Annex designation: I/A1 - as Cronartium spp. (non-European) HOSTS The main aecial hosts are two- and three-needled Pinus spp., mainly jack pine (P. banksiana), across Canada, and lodgepole pine (P. contorta), in western Canada and USA. The western species Jeffrey pine (P. jeffreyi) and western yellow pine (P. ponderosa) are occasionally attacked. Of these species, P. contorta is widely planted in northern and western Europe and P.
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Twig, Branch, and Stem Diseases of Pine John R
University of Kentucky UKnowledge Agriculture and Natural Resources Publications Cooperative Extension Service 6-1996 Twig, Branch, and Stem Diseases of Pine John R. Hartman University of Kentucky, [email protected] Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits oy u. Follow this and additional works at: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/anr_reports Part of the Agriculture Commons, Biology Commons, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, Environmental Sciences Commons, and the Plant Pathology Commons Repository Citation Hartman, John R., "Twig, Branch, and Stem Diseases of Pine" (1996). Agriculture and Natural Resources Publications. 79. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/anr_reports/79 This Report is brought to you for free and open access by the Cooperative Extension Service at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in Agriculture and Natural Resources Publications by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. PPA-16 C O O P E R A T I V E E X T E N S I O N S E R V I C E U N I V E R S I T Y O F K E N T U C K Y • C O L L E G E O F A G R I C U L T U R E Twig, Branch, and Stem Diseases of Pine by John R. Hartman into older tissue, additional needles are killed. The fungus Tip Blight produces small, black fruiting bodies (pycnidia) at the base of Tip blight, caused by the fungus Sphaeropsis sapinea infected needles just under the needle sheath (Figure 2).
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The History of White Pine Blister Rust Infection
© 2001 by Plant Management Network. Accepted for publication 20 September 2001. Published 24 September 2001. White Pine Blister Rust Otis C. Maloy, Emeritus Professor of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6430 Corresponding author: Otis C. Maloy. [email protected] Maloy, O. C. 2001. White pine blister rust. Online. Plant Health Progress doi:10.1094/PHP- 2001-0924-01-HM. White pine blister rust is probably the most destructive disease of five-needle (white) pines in North America. The causal agent originated in Asia and became established in Europe in the 18th century after highly susceptible American white pines were widely planted. The disease was introduced into North America about 1900 on white pine seedlings grown in European nurseries and by the 1950s had spread to most of the commercial white pine regions. The three most important commercial white pine hosts are eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.), western white pine (Pinus monticola Dougl.) and sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana Dougl.). Other five-needle pines such as whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis Engelm.) and limber pine (Pinus flexilis James) are also affected but generally have had little economic value. The rust has continued to spread into the southwestern forests where these and other five-needle pines occur. The rust fungus cannot spread from pine to pine but requires an alternate host, Ribes species, (currants and gooseberries, collectively called “ribes”), to complete the disease cycle. Early blister rust control efforts considered the alternate host to be the weak link in the infection cycle and an extensive and costly eradication program was conducted in the white pine regions of the United States from 1916 to 1967 (8).
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White Pine Blister Rust Resistance in Pinus Monticola and P
GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PSW-GTR-240 White Pine Blister Rust Resistance in Pinus monticola and P. albicaulis in the Pacific Northwest U.S. – A Tale of Two Species Richard A. Sniezko,1 Angelia Kegley,1 and Robert Danchok1 Western white pine (Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don) and whitebark pine (P. albicaulis Engelm.) are white pine species with similar latitudinal and longitudinal geographic ranges in Oregon and Washington (figs. 1 and 2). Throughout these areas, whitebark pine generally occurs at higher elevations than western white pine. Both of these long-lived forest tree species are highly susceptible to white pine blister rust, caused by the non-native fungus Cronartium ribicola, and both have suffered extensive mortality in many parts of their range (Aubry et al. 2008, Fins et al. 2001, Geils et al. 2010, Schwandt et al. 2010). The high susceptibility of these two species to blister rust has limited their use in reforestation and restoration. In July 2011, due to multiple threats, including blister rust, whitebark pine was added as a candidate species eligible for protection under the United States Endangered Species Act and assigned a listing priority number of 2, which means the threats are of high magnitude and are imminent (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 2011). Gene conservation efforts with whitebark pine are underway (Mangold 2011; Sniezko et al. 2011b). Genetic diversity and genetic resistance to pathogens and insects are a species’ primary defense and avenue to evolving in the face of threats such as blister rust and climate change. Several operational programs in forest tree species to utilize this natural genetic resistance to help mitigate the impacts of invasive pathogens are well underway (Sniezko 2006; Sniezko et al.
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