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International Journal of Phytopharmacology 899 Baggiya Selvi D and Raja S. / International Journal of Biological & Pharmaceutical Research. 2015; 6(11): 899-908. e- ISSN 0976 - 3651 Print ISSN 2229 - 7480 International Journal of Biological & Pharmaceutical Research Journal homepage: www.ijbpr.com IJBPR HEPATOPROTECTIVE AND ANTIOXIDANT EFFECTS OF CYCAS BEDDOMEI IN RATS Baggiya Selvi David1 and Raja Sundararajan2* 1Department of Pharmacognosy, Karnataka College of Pharmacy, Bangalore-560064, Karnataka-State, India. 2GITAM Institute of Pharmacy, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam-500045, Andhra Pradesh, India. ABSTRACT The aspire of the present study was to investigate the antioxidant and hepatotective effects of Cycas beddomei methanol extract on carbon tetrachloride and olive oil (1:1) induced liver damage in wistar albino rats. In vivo antioxidant activity of methanol extract of Cycas beddomei was evaluated by varied assays together with superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GRD), reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in liver tissues. Serum glutamic oxaloacetate transaminases (SGOT), Serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), bilirubin and total protein (TP) were estimated from serum. The serum levels of above biochemical parameters (SGOT, SGPT, ALP, LDH, bilirubin and total protein) were significantly increased; however, a significant decrease in the levels of total protein (TP) was observed in carbon tetrachloride and olive oil treated groups compared to normal control. Treatment with methanol leaf extract of Cycas beddomei and silymarin prior to carbon tetrachloride and olive oil intoxication, afforded protection by lowering of the above serum markers as well as by increasing the total protein content. The extract showed potent activities on SOD, CAT, GRD, GPx, reduced glutathione and MDA levels. The outcome indicated that Cycas beddomei methanol extract has strong antioxidant activities and significant protective consequence against hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride and olive oil (1:1) and have been supported by the assessment of liver histopathology in rats. Key Words: Cycas beddomei, Serum transaminases, Carbon tetrachloride, Hepatoprotective, Histopathology. INTRODUCTION The liver demonstrates a big role in metabolism completely different noxious chemicals at the side of (Law of xenobiotics by management the synthesis, secretion and and Burnt, 2010; Stickel and Schuppan, 2007) metabolism of xenobiotics. Varied physiochemical environmental pollutants area unit thought to be liable for functions of the body beside reaction, reduction, wholly completely different sort of liver injury and hepatic hydroxylation, hydrolysis, conjugation, sulfation, chemical parenchyma injury. Recent analysis in free radical biology change etc area unit well balanced by the liver alone. in addition prompts the pathophysiological role of free Injury to liver and harm to the hepatic parenchyma area radicals and aerobic stress in liver damage and injury. unit perpetually evidenced to be related to distortion of Revealing the mechanism of actions of potent poisonous various metabolic functions of liver. Etiologically varied substance like CCl4, paracetamol etc in addition indicated infectious agents together with viruses and wholly the role of aerobic stress and free radicals at intervals the pathophysiology of internal organ injury. The free radicals Corresponding Author sometimes generated throughout the conventional body metabolic pathways and in addition they're going to be S. Raja nontransmissible from the environment additionally. Email: [email protected] 900 Baggiya Selvi D and Raja S. / International Journal of Biological & Pharmaceutical Research. 2015; 6(11): 899-908. Free radicals primarily act by attacking the and joint swellings (Latheef et al., 2008). The seeds are unsaturated fatty acids within the biomembranes that ground to a paste with coconut oil and are used as a causes membrane macromolecule peroxidation (a poultice to treat skin complaints such as wounds, sores and hallmark sign of hepatotoxicity), decrease in membrane boils (Jain & Sastry, 1980). Cycas beddomei showed fluidness and reduction of catalyst and receptor activity significant pharmacological activities such as anti- and injury to membrane super molecule that finally inflammatory (Alekhya et al., 2014), antioxidant triggers the cell inactivation and death (Klaunig et al., (Mahendra Nath et al., 2014), antidiabetic (Alekhya et al., 2011; Radak et al., 2011). Free radicals contain odd 2013), anthelmintic (Alekhya et al., 2013) and (Feijóo et al., 2010; Chandan et al., 2008) electrons. The antibacterial (Alekhya et al., 2013) activities. Different oxygen radicals, like superoxide (O2-), radical (•OH) and active constituents such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, non free radical species, such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) terpenoids, saponins, tannins, glycosides, lignins, fatty and singlet O (•O2), are generated in several redox acids are a unit to date according in Cycas beddomei processes of traditional physiochemical pathways. (Prance and Mori, 1986). The objective of the present Antioxidant weaponry comprising wholly completely study was to investigate the hepatoprotective and different enzymes (Kataki et al., 2012) like SOD, catalase antioxidant activities of the methanol extract of Cycas and glutathione peroxidise etc lure and destroy these free beddomei. radicals. Sustenance deficiency alongside production of free radicals and a reduced level of on prime of mentioned MATERIALS AND METHODS enzymes is taken under consideration as a result of the Plant material most offender for producing aerobic stress analysis on The whole plant of Cycas beddomei was oxidants and antioxidants over the past few years has collected from Tirumala Hills of chittoor district, Andhra shown a link between most diseases like vas diseases, Pradesh, India and the plant material was taxonomically cancer, pathology, chronic diseases etc and production of identified and authenticated by the Dr. Madhava chetty reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the aspect of aerobic (Research Officer) botany, Andhra Pradesh. Voucher stress (Kataki et al., 2012). Therefore, antioxidants are specimen (KCP-114/2012) of this plant has been retained also accustomed reverse the harmful and pathological in the Karnataka College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, action of free radicals. These antioxidants usually restore Karnataka, India. the standard physiological system by scavenging the free radicals. The antioxidants in use are either derived Chemicals naturally from plants or synthetically. Owing to malignant All chemicals used in the study were of analytical neoplastic disease probability artificial antioxidants are not grade. CCl4 was procured from Krishna Chemicals Pvt. the popular sort of antioxidants. Current analysis within Ltd., Gujarat and Silymarin from GVK Bio Sci, the field of free radical biology thus accentuates the use of Hyderabad. antioxidants from natural origin and visual of this plenty of antioxidants of natural origin unit of measurement Preparation of plant material being investigated. CCl4 is one in each of the foremost The whole plant of Cycas beddomei was washed common poisonous substance used for experimental with tap water. They were cut in to small pieces and air- induction of liver injury in animal studies. Numerous dried thoroughly under shade (at room temperature) for 2 healthful plants are unit being researched for a decent months to avoid direct loss of phytoconstituents from hepatoprotective remedy. In view of this several healthful sunlight. The shade dried materials were powdered using preparations and sort of healthful plants mentioned in the pulverizer and sieved up to 60 meshes. It was then piece of writing for treatment of liver disorders area unit homogenized to fine powder and stored in air‐tight being investigated. Furthermore ancient folklore} and container for furthers analysis. autochthonal knowledge of medicative uses of plants also are (Kshirsagar et al., 2011; Shaik et al., 2012) currently Preparation of Cycas beddomei extract being explored and documented for potential bioactive The whole plant of Cycas beddomei was refluxed molecules to be future medicine. with methanol in a soxhlet extractor for 72 hrs. The excess Cycas beddomei Dyer (Cycadaceae) is an solvent was removed from the extract by vacuum rotary endemic and critically endangered gymnosperm confined flash evaporator and concentrated over the hot water bath. to Seshachalam Biosphere Reserve, Eastern Ghats, India Finally dried extract was stored in desiccators for (Rao et al., 2010). This plant initially considered as a rare hepatoprotective and antioxidant studies. species (Jain & Sastry, 1980) and vulnerable in Indian Red Data (Nayar and Sastry, 1987). Cycas circinalis var. Preliminary phytochemical screening beddomei (Dyer) J. Schust. is a synonym of Cycas The methanolic extract was subjected to various beddomei (Selvam, 2012). Traditionally male cones of this phytochemical studies to identify the presence of various plant were used to cure rheumatoid arthritis, muscle pains phytoconstituents like alkaloids, tannins, glycosides, 901 Baggiya Selvi D and Raja S. / International Journal of Biological & Pharmaceutical Research. 2015; 6(11): 899-908. carbohydrates, aminoacids, anthocyanidins, steroids, normal saline followed by 0.15M Tris-HCl (pH-7.4) flavonoids, reducing sugars, saponins, gums and oils blotted
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