DOCSLIB.ORG

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT of PAKISTAN by Niaz Mohammad A

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT of PAKISTAN by Niaz Mohammad A Economic development of Pakistan Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Mohammad, Niaz, 1914- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 09/10/2021 03:35:00 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/319128 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF PAKISTAN by Niaz Mohammad A Thesis submitted to the faculty of the Department of Economics in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in the Graduate College, University of Arizona 1951 Approved: 222661 £ ~ 9 ^ * 9 / / tt>3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page PREFACE ................................... viii Is PAKISTAN ON THE G L O B E .................... I Historical - Retrospective ............ 2 Muslims in India .................... 2 H i n d u i s m ................ 3 Hindu-Mus 11m R e l a t i o n s ................ 3 The British Conquest (1707-1947) .... 4 The Muslim Renaissance................ 6 The Indian National Congress and the All India Muslim League .............. 7 The Constitutional Reforms ............ 7 Muslim Reaction: Demand for Pakistan . 8 The Second World W a r .................. 10 The Postwar Situation ................ 12 The Birth of Pakistan . .............. 14 Economic Dislocation and Consequences . 15 Other Developments.................... 17 II. PHYSIOGRAPHIC FACTORS AND NATURAL RESOURCES 18 Physiographic Influences .............. 18 Geographic Divisions of Pakistan . 18 Climate and R a i n f a l l ................ 22 Area and Population.................... 22 Natural Resources ................ 25 Livestock .......... ......... 25 Fisheries.............. 27 F o r e s t r y ............ 28 III. AGRICULTURE.............................. 31 Life in V i l l a g e s ...................... 31 Land Utilization .................... 33 Ir r i g a t i o n............................ 35 Crop Production........................ 38 Food C r o p s .......................... 38 Non-food C r o p s .............. .. • • • 41 1 1 S J 2 £6/ XTo B E T O O P m f . P& M S =; O.O, 0 o. o O O o O c O , 44 Types of Schemes s Historidal Background , Distribution of Schemes3 .Dhit=wis@ and . - '■ : Smblect^wise o' p 1 o » o . o .o » , 4 9 .•Agriemltural Development : o 0 0 6 o « « < 5 2 . , Irrigation. Projects o . ’0 » 1 1 < 5 3 V 'Summary' and Guaulatlire; Bffeet of Sehemes 5 3 Relation of State.to Industry 0 « . 0 » < 5 5 ... •Assistance'to. Industry o »> <> <, = o < 56 ■ 5 B , • Foreign Capital -0 = » o = * 0 * * * » < . '- Industries Subject to' Oentral Planning 1 1 To INDUSTRY M B HEETlHG 0 o 0 » o 0 "o' « « o < 6 4 large-scale Industries ■, 0 ■ c - «■■ < 6 4 0} LI iy ^ o o ' o o o o o o o o o < 66 (: Cotton Textile Industry o » < o o 6f . Woollen Textiles 1 l a » « , o o 68 - . Sugar .and Alcohol Industries o o 68 Cement o © *.o o © o. o■o © < o o 69 Heavy, Ghemicais o- ©, ©, ■ ©•; ©. ©: , 6 9 Sulphuric Acid -o ' © © © © © . 6 9 Caustic Soda - © © © © © © ■© < ?0 Soda Ash ; ©. ©. .. © ■ © © © © © _ © < • o o o o Tanning Industry ,. © © © © ©, © © © o o 7 1 - :Development of ,Cther- Industries © 7 2 : Cottage’Industries © © © © © ©.© © 7 2 Problems of the Cottage Industry, 7 3 .isfeasures. Adopted' by thf Central ■ ' CdYernaent '-.' © © ©. © © © © © © < 7 4 Cottage Industries in Pakistan © 7 5 Power Resources : ' © © ■ © .© © © ©• © © 7 7 'Mineral. Resources © © ©' © . © ©" © . © < • VOal ’ © o © © © © © o © © © © o c Or 1 ' ,© © © © © ' © © © © © ; © o © © c 7 9 Chrosil ue © © © © © © © © © © © < 7 9 80 Silica:Sand 8 1 Sulphur - © .© 8 1 'Gypsum © ©, 8 2 Limestone ©. 8 2 Salt © © © 8 3 OMptei> . y., - ' ■ . , ^ '^age. Tlo M B O R M D EMPLCBiEHT 0 » o. ^ . o » o c o •’ 84 Reatures of PaMata.$i',s Economy 84 o ,; o o o o o o . d o o do o o o O O, 84 G o o o 6 o - o. o. o o o o Q o o 85 o o o o o o o ,0 0 . 8 7 _ 'oodoo oo 9: o , . V o : 8 9 Honrs: of Employment ». 0 . « '» 0 > > ■ 9 1 Indnatrial.Employment Stan#Ing,'Order 9 2 . Industrial Relations o o o 9 2 , L a M r $s Welfare 0 o o' o o 9 3 Organizat ions of Capital arid Larior : 9 4 Q O O O 6 Q ° .O ° O O 0 O O O 9 4 o b o o o o o o o • o o o o 0 0 O 9 4 labor Laws o. o O 0 9 5 0 6 o 0 9 6 ' Payment Of Wages Act ? 1936 * * „ < 9 6 Industrial .Disputes Legislation< 9 7 Trade Haiori Act 0 ~ 1926 6 0 t o o = : < 9 7 Workmen*s Gompens&tion Acts 1923 { 9 8 ■The Maternity■ Benef it Act i 0' „ ' 0 '« o o 9 8 The Employers^■Liability Act, 1938 o O 9 8 ■TOo TRANSPORT AE) COIMOHICATIOHS o o o o o o o oo 9 9 Railimy Transport - 0 = » 0 « 0 O 0 1 0 0 ' Worn-out Condition of Stock' 0 / 0 1 0 2 0 0 1 0 3 ■. Improvement in Train Services o o 1 0 3 -:Movement of Goods 0, „ = o 0 o 1 0 4 Roads 1 o o oo.o o o ’ o o o b o 0 0 1 0 4 Ports O' o O b 0 o 'O' o o ' O 0 0 o O 0 1 0 7 Chittagong Port 0 = » O O 1 0 8 Water Transport 0 A c o 0 0 0. o o o 1 1 0 0 o. 1 1 1 o o 1 1 2 ' : Postal: .Services ■ = 6 O 1 1 3 ' Teleoommunleation 0 p 1 1 3 ¥ 1 1 2 Q o r n m m f -MB bahktig 0 o 1 1 5 o o • 1 1 5 Sepurity Printing Press t o , „ „ < O G 1 1 8 Currency Policy' , », » '« 0 «. .» « Q 0 1 2 0 Pakistan5s Decision not to Devalue 0 d 1 2 0 Foreign lAchange Regulations . 0 0, < o o 1 2 1 Banking o o ©. o o o p. p © © o o © © c o o 1 2 2 . The Money Imrket A © •».. « © © o' © < o o 1 2 2 . The Central Bank © .© © © © © © © :< o o 1 2 3 Expansion In Banking System © © © < 0 0 1 2 4 : , , A-"..--;/'.: IV " ' : : ■ ■ TXIIo (g ont0) Xadustrial Finance Corporation 0 0 ■ 125 ..Refugee Rehabilitation Finane© ; " Corporation o » »' » * * * » 0 0 0 b 0 .126 :national.Bank of Rakistan 0 > : 0 0 d 0 0 126 . Cooperative Banks. .0 '» o'-o * » * 0 126 IHTERMTIOHAL TRiJDE 0 '» = o l ,, , : » 0 0 128 Fscporte p;.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 © 0 128 in te 0 0. © 0 0 © © 0, p o p 0. 0 0 ,c 0 128 Cotton 0 0 0 0 0. 0 0 o p 0 0 © 0 0 ■ O 129 Wool 0 0 0.0 0 0. © o. ■ 0 0 '0 ■ 0 © 0 0 0 ,0 13© , i ea p p © ■ 0 0 0 0 -p 0. 10 p 0 0 © 0 0 O 0 130 Sides and Skins 0 o p' 0 :0 o '0 © 0 0 0 ‘ 0 131 Xmd s 0 0 o '. 0 0 0 ,0 q © 0 0 0 0 0 0 o'- 6 132 Direction of Sea-Borne Trades April ls .:19#^mreh 31, 1950 = = 0 © © 0 0 0 133 W BL1C l-lMCl ' o . © © o '© © © 'p ' p p • © 0 0 0 0 137 ''Fnblie "Debt ©■ © © © © „ © ©, © © 0 0 0 0 139 •BIBlIOCRiRHf , 0 :© o'. © © o ''©:' ©, © © p 0 0 0 d ■142 ARBBHDIX- © o p © , © ' © 0 0 © © 0 0 0 ©' 0 0 b 0 146 LIST GF TiiBLES Wnmbez" \ ' Page lo LlilSTOCE POPULATIOH 0 o . o D 0 c 0 0 . c 25 IIo' GLASSIFICATION OF FOREST AREAS 0 „ 0. 0 0 0 29 111= GMSSIFIGATIOS OF M S S = V = = = = = , . 34 ITo PRINCIPAL CROPS OF PAZISTAE = 0 = 0 = 0 0 = 39 ?o UNIT-WISE ESTIMATED GOST OF DEVELOPMENT SCHE1SS APPROVED BY DF7FL0PMENT BOARD DP TO 2«28®1950 00 00000 o 00 o 000 50 VI= SDBIB0T-WIS1 ESTIMATED COST OF DEVELOPMENT s o m m s APPROVED . B? DEVELOPMENT BOARD OP TO. 2“28“1950 , 0 0 ' o o o o- . o o 00 o o 0 0 51 VII o INDOBTRIAL LABOR = = '. * o 4 * » = 0' 0 = = = 86 VIII o WAGE RATES IN CERTAIN ETOSTRIES = = » , „ 0 90 ■ XXc ' CLASSIFICATION OF RAILWAY ffllFAGS = = = = = 101 ' Z= ROAD HLEAGE BI PAKISTAN = = = = 0 o c = = = 106 XI o NDIiBIR OF MOTOR VEHICLES ON ROADS = = = = = 10? : XIlo : IMPORTS AND EXPORTS AT TBS'KARACHI POET = > 108 XIII=■ ■ PAKISTAN NOTES = = = = = = ■= = = = = .= = » , 119 XIVo . DISTRIBUTION OF OFFIGIS OF SCHEDULED BANKS = .125 ., XVo VALUE OF SEA-BORNE EXPORTS TO PRIlMGlPAL COUNTRIES o o o o o 0000 0 0 o ,0 0 o o 132 XVIo VALUE OF SEA-BORNE IMPORTS OF FOREIGN MERCHANDISE = o = =0 = = = » ====== 134 XVII = VALUE OF SEA-BORNE IMPORTS FROM PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES = = = = =.= 0=0 c = = = = = o 135 : ■ ■ V. • '■ .. : vl ■ - , ■ ' • V ; .■ ■■■■■ ■ DIRECTION. OF SEA-BORNE TRADE . AND . PERCENTAGE SHARE OF VARIOUS COIB1TRIES c . „ . 0 ERIHCipAI, HEADS OF REVENUE AND EXPENDITHR1 ‘ Pakistan - on tRe Globe 0 o » '» « 0 .»■ o » E E W A C l ;g i b . As ia the ;S© ©end: World Wii1 has heen the©sergeae® ,0^ Imdia and . • laMstaB^fzda a: d©P0Ment eolonial posit ion into full self-' rule o $h© © M British 'wlndiati dh Augmst l^^ 1947 was partitioBed. and eaeh part granted dominion status in the British- Gommomwealth. of Nations a Thus ended tlie' epoeh of • British domination in. the- land whieh M d had the unflatter­ ing distinetiori of being the world’s greatest.;eblMial.pos- sessiond.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Population, Vol-1, Pakistan
    Censlls 6'. P. No. 158 M. Int. 107 - -3,5-00- CENSUS OfF PAKiSTAN POPUlATION 196! VOLUME 1 PAK~STAN TABLES & REPORT BY A. RASHID, }C.S.P. CENSUS COMMISSIONER, PAKISTAf\ PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF MINISTRY OF HOME & KASHMI R AFFAIRS (HOME AFFAIRS DIVISION) GOVERNMENT OF PAKISTAN KARACHI Printed At THE EDVCATIONAL PRESS, PAKISTAN C:JI0WK, KARACHI Published By < \ The Manager of Publications, GQvernment of Pakistan, Karachi PAKISTAN CENSUS ORGANIZATION OFFICE OF THE CENSUS CO~MISSIONER, KARACHI. From To Mr. M.H. Sufi, e.S.P., Census Commissioner, Pakistan 15-6-59 22-10-59 Mr. R.D. Howe, S.Q.A., M.B.E., C.S.P., Census Commissioner, Pakistan 23-10-59 5-3-61 Mr. A.Rashid, C.S.P., Census Commissioner and Ex-Officio Joint Secretary 6-3-61 24-1-63 Mr. A.O. Raziur Rahman. C.S.P., Deputy Secretary (Home Affairs Division) 1-2-63 9-1-64 Mr. A.K. Md. Abdus Sattar, Deputy Secretary (Home Affairs Division) 18-1-64 to-date CENSUS ADVISERS Col E.H. Slade, M.B.E., M.C.P.I.S. 3-2-61 12-6-62 Mr. Lowell T. Galt 13-6-62 to-date DEPUTY CENSUS COMMISSIONER Mr. N. Shamsi 24-7-59 31-8-62 OFFICER ON SPECIAL DUTY (CENSUS) Mr. Mohammad Hafiz Sheikh 3-9-62 to-date STA TfSTfCAL OFFfCERS Mr. Ghulam Mustafa 15-3-60 to-date Mr. Abdul Kader Faquir 12-10-63 to-date Mr. Siddiquer Rahman 6-9-61 30-4-64 Mr. Mohammad Danishmand 18-9-61 9-10-62 Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Migration and Small Towns in Pakistan
    Working Paper Series on Rural-Urban Interactions and Livelihood Strategies WORKING PAPER 15 Migration and small towns in Pakistan Arif Hasan with Mansoor Raza June 2009 ABOUT THE AUTHORS Arif Hasan is an architect/planner in private practice in Karachi, dealing with urban planning and development issues in general, and in Asia and Pakistan in particular. He has been involved with the Orangi Pilot Project (OPP) since 1982 and is a founding member of the Urban Resource Centre (URC) in Karachi, whose chairman he has been since its inception in 1989. He is currently on the board of several international journals and research organizations, including the Bangkok-based Asian Coalition for Housing Rights, and is a visiting fellow at the International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), UK. He is also a member of the India Committee of Honour for the International Network for Traditional Building, Architecture and Urbanism. He has been a consultant and advisor to many local and foreign CBOs, national and international NGOs, and bilateral and multilateral donor agencies. He has taught at Pakistani and European universities, served on juries of international architectural and development competitions, and is the author of a number of books on development and planning in Asian cities in general and Karachi in particular. He has also received a number of awards for his work, which spans many countries. Address: Hasan & Associates, Architects and Planning Consultants, 37-D, Mohammad Ali Society, Karachi – 75350, Pakistan; e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]. Mansoor Raza is Deputy Director Disaster Management for the Church World Service – Pakistan/Afghanistan.
    [Show full text]
  • Design for Rural Community Regarding Health
    Design for Rural Community Regarding Health Shahzaib Iftikhar, Umar Muzaffer, Abbas Ilyas, Tayyab Asif Butt, Hassan Ejaz, and Muhammad Faraz Khokhar University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan (10050656-068,10050656-087,10050656-096,10050656-115, 10050656-091,10050656-021)@uog.edu.pk Abstract. Pakistan is a developing country and it has lot of issues but health is its one of the leading issue because up to 67% of its population is currently in rural areas. Rural community of Pakistan is badly affected by this issue. Allocation and distribution of resources in the Pakistan is un equal because of this inequality, ru- ral community suffers a lot regarding serious health issues and facing many dan- gerous diseases. Both developed and developing countries report geographically skewed distribution of healthcare professionals, favoring urban and wealthy areas, despite the fact that people in rural communities are experiencing many health re- lated problems. To prevent from this big problem govt. should distribute the re- sources equally and provide the necessary staff and skilled professionals to rural community and introduce such a system which helps them to decrease the health- care issues. We are going to propose a design for the rural community which helps them to facilitate with first aid in emergency problems and give them relief. It can help them in a cases like maternity etc. Keywords: Facilities, Maternity, Resources, Health, Govt. Expenditures, Rural Areas, Pakistan, Problems. 1 Introduction Health plays the productive role in determining the human capital. A better health improves the productivity of labor force. In all over the world Pakistan considered as developing country and the population of Pakistan is almost according to the research of 2008 is 130 million.
    [Show full text]
  • Package 'Pakpc2017'
    Package ‘PakPC2017’ February 16, 2018 Type Package Title Pakistan Population Census 2017 Version 1.0.0 Maintainer Muhammad Yaseen <[email protected]> Description Provides data sets and functions for exploration of Pakistan Population Cen- sus 2017 (<http://www.pbscensus.gov.pk/>). Depends R (>= 3.1) Imports stats, dplyr, magrittr License GPL-2 URL https://github.com/MYaseen208/PakPC2017 LazyData TRUE RoxygenNote 6.0.1 Suggests R.rsp, testthat VignetteBuilder R.rsp NeedsCompilation no Author Muhammad Yaseen [aut, cre], Muhammad Arfan Dilber [ctb] Repository CRAN Date/Publication 2018-02-16 15:40:27 UTC R topics documented: PakPC2017Balochistan . .2 PakPC2017City10 . .3 PakPC2017FATA . .4 PakPC2017Islamabad . .5 PakPC2017KPK . .6 PakPC2017Pak . .7 PakPC2017Pakistan . .8 PakPC2017Punjab . .9 1 2 PakPC2017Balochistan PakPC2017Sindh . 10 PakPC2017Tehsil . 11 PakPop2017 . 12 Index 14 PakPC2017Balochistan Balochistan Province data from Pakistan Population Census 2017 Description PakPC2017Balochistan Balochistan Province data from Pakistan Population Census 2017. Usage data(PakPC2017Balochistan) Format A data.table and data.frame with 64 obs. of 12 variables. Province Province of Pakistan Division Division of Balochistan Province of Pakitan District District of Balochistan Province of Pakitan ResStatus Residental Status Households No. of Households Male Male Population Female Female Population Transgender Transgender Population Pop2017 Total Population in 2017 Pop1998 Total Population in 1998 SexRatio2017 Sex Ration accoring to Pakistan Population
    [Show full text]
  • The National Assembly of Pakistan Gazette
    The National Assembly of Pakistan Gazette July 2014 Ramazan, 1435 A.H. Contents Chief Editor’s Note 1 President’s Address to the Parliament 2 Legislative Business 8 Obituary 11 Calls On 12 Committees Meetings 17 Foreign Visits & Delegations 27 Other News 28 Press Corner (Budget 2014-15) 35 Perspective 40 July 2014 Ramazan 1435 Chief Editor’s Note As usual, the most important event in Parliament House during June was the budget session. The joint session of Parliament was held on 2nd June while the budget session of National Assembly started on 3rd June. On the same day, the Federal Budget 2014-15 was presented by the Finance Minister. The total outlay of budget 2014-15 is Rs. 4,302 billion, 7.9% higher than the size of budget estimates 2013-14. Net revenue receipts are estimated at Rs. 2,225 billion. The provincial share in federal revenue receipts is estimated at Rs. 1,720 billion during 2014-15. Another important figure is the share of current expenditures in total budgetary outlay which is 80.5%. A relatively smaller amount of Rs. 839 billion has been earmarked for development expenditures which is even lower than the estimates of Budget 2013-14 by 8.3%. The National Assembly approved the Finance Bill for fiscal year 2014-15, on 21st June, with total outlay of Rs. 4.3 trillion accepting some amendments moved by the government and rejecting all ones from the opposition benches. Following nine-day discussion, the 149-page Finance Bill moved by Minister for Finance, Ishaq Dar was passed by the House with majority in clause-by-clause reading.
    [Show full text]
  • Abbreviations and Acronyms
    PART III] THE GAZETTE OF PAKISTAN, EXTRA., JAN. 14, 2020 49(1) ISLAMABAD, TUESDAY, JANUARY 14, 2020 PART III Other Notifications, Orders, etc. NATIONAL ASSEMBLY SECRETARIAT Islamabad, the 10th January, 2020 No. F. 23(75)/2018-Lagis.—The following Reports were presented in the National Assembly on 8th January, 2020:— REPORT OF THE STANDING COMMITTEE ON INTERIOR ON THE NATIONAL DATABASE AND REGISTRATION AUTHORITY (AMENDMENT) BILL, 2019 I, Chairman of the Standing Committee on Interior, have the honour in present this report on the Bill further to amend the National Database and Registration Authority Ordinance, 2000, (VIII of 2000) [The National Database and Registration Authority (Amendment) Bill, 2019] (Private Member‘s Bill) referred to the Committee on 24th January, 2019:— 2. The Committee comprises the following:— 49(1—72) Price : Rs. 100.00 [5040(2020)/Ex. Gaz.] 49(2) THE GAZETTE OF PAKISTAN, EXTRA., JAN. 14, 2020 [PART III 1. Raja Khurram Shahzad Nawaz Chairman 2. Mr. Sher Akbar Khan Member 3. Mehar Ghulam Muhammad Lali Member 4. Mr. Raza Nasrullah Member 5. Khawaja Sheraz Mehmood Member 6. Mr. Rahat Aman Ullah Bhatti Member 7. Malik Karamat Ali Khokhar Member 8. Sardar Talib Hassan Nakai Member 9. Ms. Nafeesa Inayatullah Khan Khattak Member 10. Mr. Muhammad Akhtar Mengal Member 11. Nawabzada Shah Zain Bugti Member 12. Malik Sohail Khan Member 13. Syed Iftikhar Ul Hassan Member 14: Mr. Mohammad Pervaiz Malik Member 15. Mr. Nadeem Abbas Member 16. Ms. Marriyum Aurangzeb Member 17. Syed Agha Rafiullah Member 18. Nawab Muhammad Yousaf Talpur Member 19. Mr. Abdul Qadir Patel Member 20.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethno S Cripts
    EthnoS cripts ZEITSCHRIFT FÜR AKTUELLE ETHNOLOGISCHE STUDIEN Anthropology of Gilgit-Baltistan, Northern Pakistan Jahrgang 16 Heft 1 I 2014 Nosheen Ali Spaces of Nature: Producing Gilgit-Baltistan as the Eco-Body of the Nation Ethnoscripts 2014 16 (1): 115-123 eISSN 2199-7942 Herausgeber: Universität Hamburg Institut für Ethnologie Edmund-Siemers-Allee 1 (West) D-20146 Hamburg Tel.: 040 42838 6208 E-Mail: [email protected] http://www.ethnologie.uni-hamburg.de eISSN: 2199-7942 Dieses Werk ist lizenziert unter einer Creative Commons Licence 4.0 International: Namensnennung - Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen. EthnoScripts Spaces of Nature: Producing Gilgit-Baltistan as the Eco-Body of the Nation Nosheen Ali Introduction A while ago, when I was studying in Grade 8 at an English-medium school in Lahore, our class was divided up in four groups for a Geography project on Pakistan. The group of which I was a part had to make a sculptural map of Pakistan, demonstrating the diverse physical and social qualities of its land- scape. And so we had set about carving our country with materials like styro- foam, cotton, cloth, and cardboard. In the final map that we made, the region of Gilgit-Baltistan - then the “Northern Areas” – had remained unlabeled and unpeopled, marked only with mountains made of clay. Even today, nature remains the primary modality through which Gilgit- Baltistan is understood within the Pakistani national imagination. Its mag- nificent peaks and breathtaking valleys invoke within Pakistanis a simulta- neous sense of emotional attachment and proud ownership, permitting them to claim Pakistan as “beautiful”. In this article, I elaborate how the aesthetics of nature constitute a key terrain for state power in Pakistan.
    [Show full text]
  • Terrorism Financing, Recruitment and Attacks: Evidence from a Natural Experiment in Pakistan∗
    Terrorism Financing, Recruitment and Attacks: Evidence from a Natural Experiment in Pakistan∗ Nicola Limodioy August 2018 Abstract I investigate the relation between terrorism financing and attacks through a panel of 1,545 Pakistani cities and exogenous variation in a Sharia-compliant funding source. Cities exposed to higher terrorism financing experience more attacks, with organizations reacting to temporary financial inflows. Two methodological innovations further refine this finding. First, the effect of financing on attacks increases in terrorist recruitment, measured using dark-web data on Jihadist fora and machine-learning. Second, a novel city-organization variation allows: a) dissecting the demand and supply of terrorist attacks, with supply exclusively explaining these results; b) estimating the elasticity of terrorist attacks to financing (0.08). JEL: H56, G30, D64 Keywords: Terrorism, Finance, Charitable Donations ∗I would like to express my gratitude for their useful suggestions to Charles Angelucci, Giorgia Barboni, Eli Berman, Tim Besley, Barbara Biasi, Christopher Blattman, Leah Platt Boustan, Sandro Brusco, Ethan Bueno de Mosquita, Elena Carletti, James Choi, Decio Coviello, Paolo Colla, Ben Crost, Filippo De Marco, Erika Deserranno, Livio Di Lonardo, Will Dobbie, Tiberiu Dragu, Oeindrila Dube, Carlo Ambrogio Favero, Martin Feldstein, Dana Foarta, Thomas Fujiwara, Rohan Ravindra Gudibande, Selim Gulesci, Nicola Gennaioli, Elisa Giannone, Massimo Guidolin, Dejan Kovac, Alan Krueger, Eliana La Ferrara, Simone Lenzu, Alessandro Lizzeri,
    [Show full text]
  • Annex 2—Technical Considerations Provides a More In-Depth Review of a Series of Contentious Topics That Contribute to the Intensity of the Debates on Devolution
    Ta bl e o f Con te nt s Preface............................................................................................................................................ iv Acronyms and Abbreviations.......................................................................................................... vi 1. Reducing the Throw-Forward of Ongoing ADP Schemes for Devolution ..................................... 8 ADP Throw-forward under Different Fiscal Scenarios ..............................................................................5 Scenario 1: Increase in Revenue Transfer from the Provincial Government ...............................................5 Scenario 2: Reduction in Current Expenditure on Provincially Devolved Departments.................................6 Scenario 3: Increase in District Governments’ Own Revenue..................................................................6 Scenario 4: Reduction in Government’s Own Current Expenditure..........................................................7 Scenario 5: Increase in District Government’s Own Development Expenditure..........................................7 Scenario 6: A Simultaneous Increase in Revenue Transfer and Devolved Current Expenditure......................8 Scenario 7: A Simultaneous Increase in District Government’s Own Revenue and Current Expenditure..........9 2. Developments in District-Level Monitoring Data........................................................................ 10 CWIQ...........................................................................................................................................10
    [Show full text]
  • Terrorism Financing, Recruitment and Attacks: Evidence from a Natural Experiment∗
    Terrorism Financing, Recruitment and Attacks: Evidence from a Natural Experiment∗ Nicola Limodioy April 2019 Abstract I present empirical evidence showing that terrorism financing and recruitment pro- mote terrorist attacks. Pakistan offers an ideal setting for this research due to a natural experiment inducing exogenous variation in terrorism financing. In line with terrorist organisations facing financial frictions, I find a correspondence between the timing and location of finance and the attacks by organisations exposed to this transfer. The effect of financing on attacks increases in recruitment, measured by combining dark web data and machine learning. These results suggest that financial counter-terrorism lowers attacks, which I quantify by estimating the elasticity of terrorist attacks to financing (0.25). JEL: G30, H56 Keywords: Terrorism, Finance ∗I would like to express my gratitude for their useful suggestions to David S. Abrams, Francesco Amodio, Charles Angelucci, Giorgia Barboni, Bo Becker, Efraim Benmelech, Eli Berman, Matteo Benetton, Tim Besley, Jordi Blanes i Vidal, Leah Platt Boustan, Ethan Bueno de Mosquita, Emily Breza, Ben Crost, Livio Di Lonardo, Ralph De Haas, Robin Dickey, Will Dobbie, Oeindrila Dube, Carlo Ambrogio Favero, Martin Feldstein, Dana Foarta, Thomas Fujiwara, Roberto Galbiati, Tarek Ghani, Nicola Gennaioli, Mariassunta Giannetti, Elisa Gi- annone, Alan Krueger, Eliana La Ferrara, Simone Lenzu, Alessandro Lizzeri, Alberto Manconi, Hani Mansour, Olivier Marie, Luis Martinez, Rachel Meager, Massimo Morelli, Gerard
    [Show full text]
  • National Human Development Report
    Pakistan National Human Development Report Unleashing the Potential of a Young Pakistan The front cover of this report represents a vi- sual exercise depicting Pakistan’s youth as a 100 young people. Our wheel of many colours represents the multiple dimensions of what it means to be young in Pakistan today. Based on national data as well as results of our own sur- veys, the Wheel presents a collage of informa- tion on Pakistan’s young people (details in Chap- ter 2). This tapestry shows the diversity as well as vibrance of our youth, while also highlighting the inequities and hurdles they face as young Pakistanis. We chose the Wheel as this Report’s motif and cover art, because it represents not only the basis of our hopes for the future, but also our concerns. Diagram inspired by Jack Hagley’s ‘The world as100 people’. Pakistan National Human Development Report 2017* Unleashing the Potential of a Young Pakistan *NOTE: The data (including national statistics, survey results and consultations) in this report was mostly completed in 2016. Published for the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Human Development Reports: In 1990, Dr. Mahbub ul Haq produced the first Human Develop- ment Report, introducing a new concept of human development focusing on expanding people’s opportunities and choices, and measuring a country’s development progress though the richness of human life rather than simply the wealth of its economy. The report featured a Human Devel- opment Index (HDI) created to assess the people’s capabilities. The HDI measures achievements in key dimensions of human development: individuals enabled to live long and healthy lives, to be knowledgeable, and have a decent standard of living.
    [Show full text]
  • Title Items-In-Peace-Keeping Operations - India/Pakistan - India - Correspondence with the Permanent Representative of India
    UN Secretariat Item Scan - Barcode - Record Title Page 1 Date 30/05/2006 Time 9:39:24 AM S-0863-0001-01-00001 Expanded Number S-0863-0001 -01 -00001 Title items-in-Peace-keeping operations - India/Pakistan - India - correspondence with the Permanent Representative of India Date Created 29/03/1971 Record Type Archival Item Container S-0863-0001: Peace-Keeping Operations Files of the Secretary-General: U Thant: India/Pakistan Print Name of Person Submit Image Signature of Person Submit 29 March 1971 (6:10 p.m.) S-G from Ramses: " Amb. Sen of India stated to Correspondents after his meeting with you that he had asked the S-G the following on behalf of his government: 1. S-G should take initiative to advise Pakistani Government to exercise restraint and prevent slaughter of unarmed people in East Pakistan. 2. S-G should study what kind of relief these people from East Pakistan need. 3- The S-G might study international assistance to India to help refugees already coming into India from East Pakistan. " B. Text of Statement by Prime Minister/ Mrs. Indira Gandni/ in tne Lok Sat>na/ on Marcn 27/ 1971/ on tne recent developments in tne Indian su£>-continent. Intervening in tne discussion on tne statement made by tne Minister of External Affairs on recent developments in Pakistan/ in tne Lok Sabnaf on Marcn 21, 1971/ tne Prime Minister/ Mrs. Indira Gandni said: (f- The point is tnat tnis news (regarding tne arrest of Sheikn Mujiour Ranman) nas come tnrougn Radio Pakistan and tnerefore I cannot say vmetner it is true or not.
    [Show full text]