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Earthquake Risk Assessment of Buildings: Applicability of HAZUS in Dehradun, India

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Earthquake Risk Assessment of Buildings: Applicability of HAZUS in Dehradun, India Earthquake Risk Assessment of Buildings: Applicability of HAZUS in Dehradun, India Brijesh Gulati January, 2006 Earthquake Risk Assessment of Buildings: Applicability of HAZUS in Dehradun, India by Brijesh Gulati Thesis submitted to the International Institute for Geo-information Science and Earth Observation in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Geo-information Science and Earth Observation, Specialisation: (Hazard and Risk Analysis) Thesis Assessment Board Thesis Supervisors Prof. Freek van der Meer, ITC (Chairman) First Supervisor - Ir. M.J.G. Mark Brussel (ITC) Dr. P K Garg, IIT Roorkee (Expert) First Supervisor - Mr. Sandeep Maithani (IIRS) Prof. B S Sokhi (IIRS Member) Second Supervisor- Dr. Cees J van Westen (ITC) Mr. Sandeep Maithani (IIRS Supervisor ) iiiirrss INDIAN INSTITUTE OF REMOTE SENSING, NATIONAL REMOTE SENSING AGENCY (NRSA), DEPARTMENT OF SPACE, GOVT. OF INDIA, DEHRADUN, INDIA & INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR GEO-INFORMATION SCIENCE AND EARTH OBSERVATION ENSCHEDE, THE NETHERLANDS. I certify that although I may have conferred with others in preparing for this assignment, and drawn upon a range of sources cited in this work, the content of this Thesis Report is my original work. Signed……………. Disclaimer This document describes work undertaken as part of a programme of study at the International Institute for Geo-information Science and Earth Observation. All views and opinions expressed therein remain the sole responsibility of the author, and do not necessarily represent those of the institute. Acknowledgements I take this opportunity to thank to the Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (IIRS), Department of Space, Government of India and the International Institute of Geoinformation Science and Earth Observation (ITC), Enschede, The Netherlands for their collaborative MSc. programme. My sincere thank to Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (IITR) for necessary support for completion of this research. I would like to convey my sincere gratitude to Dr. V K Dadhwal, Dean, Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (IIRS), Dehradun for permitting me to carry out this research and for many fruitful discussions during period of research. I am extremely grateful to Dr. V Hari Prasad, Programme Coordinator (IIRS) for MSc. HRA course for giving all the necessary support during the course work and providing facilities for this research work in IIRS. I thank Dr. P.M.van Dijk, Programme Director for M.Sc. course at ITC I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to my first supervisor, Ir. Mark J. G. Brussel, Urban Planning and Land Administration (UPLA), International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), for his valuable discussions, encouragement, constant support, and for priceless guidance throughout the course work. I also express gratitude to my second ITC supervisor and Programme Coordinator (ITC) for MSc. HRA course, Dr. Cees van Westen for his invaluable suggestions, critical review, and readiness to help in this research. I extend my sincere thank to Mr. Sandeep Maithani, Human Settlement and Analysis Division (HUSAD), IIRS and my research supervisor at IIRS for his invaluable guidance throughout the course work. His constant support, timely guidance, and ever-spirited advice have resulted in the completion of this thesis. I also express my regards to Dr. B S Sokhi, Head, HUSAD, IIRS, Dehradun for allowing me to pursue this research in his division and for extending all possible help during project work. I am also thankful to Mr. B D Bharat, HUSAD, IIRS for his advice and suggestions. My sincere thank to Dr. R D Garg, Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing Division (PRSD), IIRS for his technical guidance and providing lab facilities for this research. I would like to extend my sincere thank to Department of Earthquake Engineering (DEQ-IITR) for providing me all the necessary support needed for the completion of this research. I am thankful to Dr. Yogendra Singh, Asst. Professor, DEQ-IIT and Dr. Daya Shankar, Asst. Professor, DEQ-IIT for the constant support and insightful suggestions. Dr. A.K. Pachauri, Earth Science Department, IITR is specially thanked for all the discussions, motivation, and support at every visit of the IIT, Roorkee. I am also thankful to Dr. Shailesh Agrawal, Asst. Director, Disaster Management Cell, Central Building Research Institute (CBRI), IIT-Rookee for necessary support and motivation for this research. i I would like to thank Dr. P S Mishra, Fellow member, Earthquake Risk and Evaluation Center (EREC), Indian Meteorological Department (IMD), Delhi for sparing his precious time for discussion and sharing his valuable thoughts for this research work. I am also thankful to Dr. A K Shukla, Technical Director, EREC, Indian Meteorological Department (IMD), Delhi for providing necessary help for this research. I am also thankful to members of thesis assessment board, Prof. Freek van der Meer, Dr. P K Garg, Prof. B S Sokhi, and Mr. Sandeep Maithani for sparing their precious time for thesis evaluation. All my friends at ITC - particularly Jimmy, Sheila, Fusun, Zul, Tommy, Milinge, Karanjot, Raj Shekhar, Prasun Pratima, Mahesh, Yogendra babu, and Parth for the intriguing academic and general discussions and of course - for making my stay memorable at ITC. It is my content to register my heartfelt thanks to all my HRA course mates: Sekhar Lukose, Barnali Chatterjee, Oinam Bakim Chandra, Sindhu Rathore, Rahul Prakash Srivastva, Bikash Ranjan Parida and Parul Chopra for their kind co-operation during research period. I am also thankful to all my GID batch mates: Mr. Srivastava, Mr. Chavan, Mr. Ambuja Nayak, Rashmi Kandawal, Rishiraj Dutta, Uttam Kumar, Javed Malik and Aditi Sharma for worthy suggestions throughout the course at IIRS. My other friends who have helped me by sparing their time and resources are: Sandepan, Lesslie, Anandita Sen, Pete, Ujjwal, Raushan, Rajiv Ranjan, Jitu, all the batch mates of Certificate and PG Diploma and others are all thanked. The Dutch Government for giving me the required financial support to be able to pursue this study and the experience the beautiful country of The Netherlands. All the staff members of ITC library for providing me valuable support during the short course at ITC. All the staff member of IIRS library for providing timely support during research period at IIRS. Last but not the least my family – Shekhar, Pooja, and MaPa for always being there for me. Finally the most important support, inspiration, and encouragement that are never noticed cannot be forgotten. I dedicate this work to my belated Grand Ma, Mrs. Kesar Devi (amma). I thank her profusely and dedicate this thesis to her. Brijesh Gulati IIRS, Dehradun, India. 1st January 2006. ii Abstract India is considered as one of the most disaster prone countries in the world. It has experienced several devastating earthquakes in the past resulting in a large number of deaths and severe property damage. The city of Dehradun is the interim capital of Uttaranchal in North India and has short-listed by United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) as one of the most earthquake prone city in the country. There is a direct relationship between the damage of civil structures such as buildings to the number of casualties. The frequent occurrence of damaging earthquakes clearly demonstrates the urgent need of study of earthquake risk assessment (ERA) methods of buildings to effectively reduce the impact of earthquake in the city. Although no precise risk evaluation model of earthquake risk and damage assessment can be developed till date in India. The devastating effect of an earthquake can be minimized to a great extent by adopting risk models developed in other countries. The HAZUS is one of the ERA tools developed in the United States, which assesses the earthquake loss for the built environment and population in urban areas. The present study has been done with an aim to analyze the applicability of HAZUS model for the assessment of earthquake risk of buildings in India. By doing analysis of this model it will be easy to identify the shortcomings in the HAZUS approach for using it in India and possible modifications in terms of parameters to fill the gaps identified and to find the strength of using this model in India. The whole research was broadly divided into four major sections. The first section gave a review of risk assessment methods in India and in other countries. The second section dealt with the identification and generation of the dataset (seismic, ground motion, building response and damage functions) required for using HAZUS methodology in a study area. The third section dealt with the possible modifications required to use HAZUS based building classifications in a study area in India. The fourth section dealt with tested the HAZUS methodology for risk assessment of buildings in a study ward. This section also included the modifications needed in terms of parameters for the adoption of this methodology in study area. The municipal ward of Dehradun is taken as the case study ward to test the HAZUS model in Indian condition. The Reinforced Masonry (RM) and Unreinforced Masonry (URM) model classes from HAZUS have been selected as most representative buildings in the study ward for ERA. The damage probability matrix has been developed for four model-building types by applying HAZUS methodology. Finally risk has been evaluated in terms of damage probability of each model building type for all four (slight, moderate, extensive
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