Australia's Fungi Mapping Scheme
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Tremella Macrobasidiata and Tremella Variae Have Abundant and Widespread Yeast Stages in Lecanora Lichens
Environmental Microbiology (2021) 00(00), 00–00 doi:10.1111/1462-2920.15455 Tremella macrobasidiata and Tremella variae have abundant and widespread yeast stages in Lecanora lichens Veera Tuovinen ,1,2* Ana Maria Millanes,3 3 1 2 Sandra Freire-Rallo, Anna Rosling and Mats Wedin Introduction 1Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Norbyvägen 18D, 752 36, Sweden. The era of molecular studies has shown that most of the 2Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural diversity of life is microbial (Pace, 1997; Castelle and History, Stockholm, P.O. Box 50007, SE-104 05, Banfield, 2018). Lichens, symbiotic consortia formed by Sweden. at least two different microorganisms, are a great mani- 3Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química festation of microbial diversity in a unique package; sev- Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, eral studies in the last decade have continued to E-28933, Spain. demonstrate the since long recognized presence of diverse fungal communities within lichen thalli (U’Ren et al., 2010, 2012; Fleischhacker et al., 2015; Grube and Summary Wedin, 2016; Noh et al., 2020). In recent years, attention Dimorphism is a widespread feature of tremellalean has been drawn especially to the presence of previously fungi in general, but a little-studied aspect of the biol- undetected basidiomycete yeasts in different ogy of lichen-associated Tremella. We show that macrolichens (Spribille et al., 2016; Cernajovᡠand Tremella macrobasidiata and Tremella variae have an Škaloud, 2019, 2020; Tuovinen et al., 2019; Mark abundant and widespread yeast stage in their life et al., 2020). However, little is still known about the ubiq- cycles that occurs in Lecanora lichens. -
Skin Wound Healing Promoting Effect of Polysaccharides Extracts from Tremella Fuciformis and Auricularia Auricula on the Ex-Vivo Porcine Skin Wound Healing Model
2012 4th International Conference on Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering IPCBEE vol.43 (2012) © (2012) IACSIT Press, Singapore DOI: 10.7763/IPCBEE. 2012. V43. 20 Skin Wound Healing Promoting Effect of Polysaccharides Extracts from Tremella fuciformis and Auricularia auricula on the ex-vivo Porcine Skin Wound Healing Model + Ratchanee Khamlue 1, Nikhom Naksupan 2, Anan Ounaroon 1 and Nuttawut Saelim 2 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand 2 Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand Abstract. In this study we focused on the wound healing promoting effect of polysaccharides purified from Tremella fuciformis and Auricularia auricula by using the ex-vivo porcine skin wound healing model (PSWHM) as a tool for wound healing evaluation due to human ethics and animal right concerns, and more practical and high throughput experiment. Using previously reported protocol with modifications, purified polysaccharides from A. auricula and T. fuciformis were obtained at 0.84 and 2.0% yields (w/w), 86.60 and 91.22% purity, respectively, with small amounts of nucleic acid and protein contamination. The PSWHMs (3mm circular wound) were divided into five groups, each group (n=22) was treated with one of the following concentrations of polysaccharides extracts (1, 10 and 100µg/wound of T. fuciformis or A. auricula) or control solutions (10µl 10mM PBS), or 10µl 25ng/ml EGF (internal control). Then the treated PSWHMs were cultured at 37ºC with 5% CO2 for 48 hours before histological and microscopic evaluation. Epidermal or keratinocyte migration distances from the edges of each wound were measured, normalized with the PBS control group and expressed as mean%. -
Structure, Bioactivities and Applications of the Polysaccharides from Tremella Fuciformis Mushroom: a Review
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 121 (2019) 1005–1010 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect International Journal of Biological Macromolecules journal homepage: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/ijbiomac Review Structure, bioactivities and applications of the polysaccharides from Tremella fuciformis mushroom: A review Yu-ji Wu a, Zheng-xun Wei a, Fu-ming Zhang b,RobertJ.Linhardtb,c, Pei-long Sun a,An-qiangZhanga,⁎ a Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China b Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA c Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Biological Science, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA article info abstract Article history: Tremella fuciformis is an important edible mushroom that has been widely cultivated and used as food and me- Received 8 August 2018 dicinal ingredient in traditional Chinese medicine. In the past decades, many researchers have reported that T. Received in revised form 12 September 2018 fuciformis polysaccharides (TPS) possess various bioactivities, including anti-tumor, immunomodulatory, anti- Accepted 14 October 2018 oxidation, anti-aging, repairing brain memory impairment, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic and Available online 18 October 2018 hypocholesterolemic. The structural characteristic of TPS has also been extensively investigated using advanced modern analytical technologies such as NMR, GC–MS, LC-MS and FT-IR to dissect the structure-activity relation- Keywords: fi Tremella fuciformis ship (SAR) of the TPS biomacromolecule. This article reviews the recent progress in the extraction, puri cation, Polysaccharide structural characterization and applications of TPS. -
Use of Polysaccharide Extracted from Tremella Fuciformis Berk for Control Diabetes Induced in Rats
Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture. 2015. 27(7): 585-591 doi: 10.9755/ejfa.2015.05.307 http://www.ejfa.me/ REGULAR ARTICLE Use of polysaccharide extracted from Tremella fuciformis berk for control diabetes induced in rats Erna E. Bach1, Silvia G. Costa2, Helenita A. Oliveira2, Jorge A. Silva Junior2, Keisy M. da Silva2, Rogerio M. de Marco1, Edgar M. Bach Hi3, Nilsa S.Y. Wadt1 1Department of Healthy, UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil. R. Dr. Adolfo Pinto, 109, Barra Funda, CEP 01156-050, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, 2Department of Healthy, IC-UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil. R. Dr. Adolfo Pinto, 109, Barra Funda, CEP 01156-050, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, 3UNILUS, Academic Nucleum in Experimental Biochemistry (NABEX), Santos, São Paulo, Brazil ABSTRACT Exopolysaccharides (EPS) was extracted from Tremella fuciformis growth in solid medium contained sorghum seeds. The objective of present work was analyzed EPS and evaluate the effect on the glucose, cholesterol, HDL, triglycerides, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT), urea level in the plasma of rats with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) induced by high sugar diet and streptozotocin. Beta-glucan and total sugar from T. fuciformis was determined and the major quantity was alfa linked glucose. Concentration used for animals was 1mmol and 2mmol of EPS. Male Wistar rats were separated in two groups where one was induced diabetes mellitus (DM1) with streptozotocin and another with high sugar diet. The rats were allocated as follows: control that received commercial pellet; control that received polysaccharide; diabetic group that received streptozotocin or high sugar diet; diabetic group that received 1mmol or 2mmol from polysaccharide obtained from different T. -
Phylogeny of Tremella and Cultiviation of T. Fuciformis in Taiwan 1
Phylogeny of Tremella and cultiviation of T. fuciformis in Taiwan Chee-Jen CHEN Abstract: Tremella fuciformis is a jelly fungus, so called Silver Ear, and very common in the world. It has been used as medicine in China, and is also recognized as natural food in Taiwan. Because of its values in medicine and economy, it is worth understanding its phylogeny and cultivation. Phylogenic grouping can be achieved by studying fungal PRUSKRORJ\DQGWKHODUJHVXEPLWULERVRPDO'1$VHTXHQFHV&RPSDULQJPRUSKRORJLFDO characters and molecular phylogenies, TremellaVSHFLHVFDQEHGLYLGHGLQWR¿YHSK\OR- genetic groups, i.e. Aurantia, Foliacea, Fuciformis, Indecorata, and Mesenterica group. The novel technical cultivation of Silver Ear uses two isolates, T. fuciformis and its host Annulohypoxylon archeri (=Hypoxylon archeri), to obtain a rich yield. 1. Introduction 7KHIXQJDOÀRUDRI7DLZDQKDVEHHQLQYHVWLJDWHGVLQFHKDVEHHQVWX- died increasingly up to 2013, and is now estimated to comprise some 1,276 genera with 5,396 species, including subspecies and synonyms. The number RI7DLZDQHVHVSHFLHVDFFRXQWVIRURIWKHWKHJOREDOUHFRUG7KHIXQJDO diversity plays an important role in the study of fungal evolution, cultivation and even bio-resources for further application. The phylogeny in the genus Tremella and the novel cultivation of silver ear mushroom in Taiwan, T. fuci- formis, are discussed in this paper. Since the planning of a nation-wide research project of “Fungal Flora of Taiwan”, which is supported by the National Science Council of Taiwan since WKH ÀRULVWLF VXUYH\ RI +HWHUREDVLGLRP\FHWHV KDV EHHQ QHJOHFWHG DQG YHU\OLWWOHSURJUHVVZDVPDGHRZLQJWRWKHDEVHQFHRITXDOL¿HGWD[RQRPLF specialists of this fungal group in the country. Although fungi are common ingredients for Asian food (e.g. T. fuciformis, Lentinula edodes, Flammulina velutipes VFLHQWL¿FUHVHDUFKRQWKHLUDJULFXOWXUHEHJDQTXLWHODWH%HFDXVHRI the scanty literature on tropical fungi in Asia, the process of the inventory is slow. -
Mycoparasitism of Some Tremella Speciesl
Mycologia, 86(l), 199a, pp. 49-56. @ 1994, by The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, IIY 10458-5126 Mycoparasitism of some Tremella speciesl Walter Zugmaier are often present. Each tremelloid haustorial cell is Robert Bauer subtended by a clamp and consists of a subglobose Franz Oberwinkler basal part with one or more threadJike haustoriat fil- Unitersität Tübingen, Instüut rt;r Biologie L Lehrstuhl, aments that occasionally become attached to host cells, Spuielle Botanih und, Myhologie, Altf dcr Morgeßtelle Such tremelloid haustorial cells have been described 1, D-72076 Tübingen, Germanl from a variety of tremelloid fungi (Olive, 1946; Ban- doni, 196r, 1984, 1985, 1987; Bezerra and Kimbrough, 1978; Oberwinkler and Bandoni, r98r, 1983; Metzler Abstract: 'fhe parasitic interaction of Trernella mes- et al., 1989) and from species with affinities to the enterica, T. eruephala ar.d T. mlcophaga was studied by Tremellales senszr Bandoni (1984) including Szygospora Iight and electron microscopy. The host range of T. alüa G. W. Martin (Oberwinkler and L owy , t98) , Chris- mesenterica was tested. with Peniophora laeta, Peniophora tioßenia pallida f{auerslev (Oberwinkler and Bandoni, incernata, Phlebia rad,iata, Schizopora parad,oxa, Stereutn r98z; Oberwinkler et al., 1984), Filobasid.ium hirsutum and. Diatrype stigma. It was demonstrated that floriforme L. Olive (Olive, 1968) and Filobasid,iella neoformans T. mesenterica is, at least in vivo, a mycoparasite the of Kwon-Chung (Kwon-Chung, r976). corticiaceous homobasidiomycele Peniophora laata. The ultrastructure ofthe host,parasite interface has Specialized interactive cells of f. nLesenterica, T. en- only been studied in three specie§. Bezerra and Kim- cephala and T. nycophaga, designated as tremelloid brough (r978) noted that tremelloid haustorial cells of haustorial cells with haustorial filaments, penetrated Tremella rh)tidh)sterii Bezerra & Kimbr. -
Growth and Dimorphism of the Mycoparasite Tremella Encephala As Affected by Different Nitrogen and Carbon Sources and the Host Presence
Cryptogamie,Mycologie, 2009, 30 (1): 3-3-19 © 2009 Adac. Tous droits réservés Growth and dimorphism of the mycoparasite Tremella encephala as affected by different nitrogen and carbon sources and the host presence EmiliaPIPPOLAa* &Minna-MaaritKYTÖVIITAb a Department of Biology,P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland, [email protected], Tel. +358 50 5402551, Fax: +358 8 5531061 b Department of Biological and Environmental Science, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland, [email protected], Tel. +358 14 260 2293, Fax: +358 14 260 2321 Abstract – Tremella encephala is a haustorial biotrophic fungal parasite which grows both in the yeast and mycelial form during its life cycle. Biology of such non-commercial parasitic and dimorphic fungi is poorly known. We examined the effects of different nitrogen and carbon sources on growth and morphogenetic switch in T. encephala , as well as its host- specificity, host-parasite interaction and the effect of media on parasitism by culturing it alone, together with the known host Stereum sanguinolentum and with the possible host Stereum hirsutum on two different media. Tremella encephala utilized many organic and inorganic nitrogen sources and showed high variation in cellular nitrogen concentrations. Only glucose, glycerol and D-mannitol were exploited as the sole sources of carbon. Remarkable variation in dimorphism was observed between and within the strains. Parasitic interaction was not manifested in this laboratory study. Tremella encephala is not a strictly obligate parasite. Under laboratory conditions it grew prevailingly in the yeast form which may be more common in nature than currently known. -
Diversity and Conservation Status Of
Diversity and conservation status of lichens and allied fungi in the Greater Toronto Area: results from four years of the Ontario BioBlitz RichARD TROy McMullin 1, * , K ATheRine DROTOs 2, D AviD iRelAnD 3, and hAnnA DORvAl 1 1Canadian Museum of Nature, Research and Collections, P.O. Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario K1P 6P4 Canada 2University of Guelph, Integrative Biology, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada 3Royal Ontario Museum, Centre for Biodiversity, 100 Queens Park, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2C6 Canada *Corresponding author: [email protected] McMullin, R.T., K. Drotos, D. Ireland, and H. Dorval. 2018. Diversity and conservation status of lichens and allied fungi in the Greater Toronto Area: results from four years of the Ontario BioBlitz. Canadian Field-Naturalist 132(4): 394–406. https:// doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v132i4.1997 Abstract Bioblitzes are typically 24-hour biological surveys of a defined region carried out by taxonomic specialists, citizen scientists, and the general public. The largest in Canada is the Ontario BioBlitz, an annual event held in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA). Between 2013 and 2016, we examined the feasibility of including lichens and allied fungi in the Ontario BioBlitz. These taxa are often overlooked, understudied, and taxonomically difficult. We completed a bioblitz in each of the four major watersheds in the GTA and recorded 138 species in 72 genera which, combined with all previous collections, totals 180 species in 88 genera in the area. Thirteen of the species we collected are provincially ranked as S1 (critically imperilled), S2 (imperilled), or S3 (vulnerable). -
Tremellales, Tremellomycetes, Agaricomycotina)
Mycosphere 7 (3): 295–296(2016) www.mycosphere.org ISSN 2077 7019 Article Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/7/3/4 Copyright © Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences Phaeotremella foliacea comb. nov. (Tremellales, Tremellomycetes, Agaricomycotina) Wedin M1, Zamora JC2 and Millanes AM3 1Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden. [email protected] 2Departamento de Biología Vegetal II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain 3Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/ Tulipán s.n., E- 28933 Móstoles, Spain Wedin M, Zamora JC, Millanes AM 2016 – Phaeotremella foliacea comb. nov. (Tremellales, Tremellomycetes, Agaricomycotina). Mycosphere 7(3), 295–296, Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/7/3/4 Abstract The new combination Phaeotremella foliacea (Pers.) Wedin, J.C. Zamora & Millanes is coined and taken up as the current name for one of the most common species of the recently resurrected genus Phaeotremella Rea. Key words – Tremella – nomenclature Introduction Recently, Liu et al. (2016) presented a major reclassification of the Tremellomycetes (Agaricomycotina) and a number of substantial changes to the ordinal, family and generic delimitations were made, based on recent progress in the understanding of the phylogeny of this large and important basidiomycete group. Liu et al. (2016) were the first to attempt a full integration of the classifications of yeasts and filamentose representatives, and presented a seven- marker phylogeny including the majority of yeast-forming and filamentous taxa. Among many new discoveries was that the Tremella foliacea-group should be recognized as a distinct genus, something quite clear already in Millanes et al. -
The Genus Tremella (Tremellales, Basidiomycota) in Russia with Description of Two New Species and Proposal of One Nomenclatural Combination
Phytotaxa 238 (1): 040–070 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2015 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.238.1.2 The genus Tremella (Tremellales, Basidiomycota) in Russia with description of two new species and proposal of one nomenclatural combination VERA F. MALYSHEVA1, EKATERINA F. MALYSHEVA1 & EUGENIA M. BULAKH2 1 Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prof. Popov St. 2, RUS-197376, Saint-Petersburg, Russia Corresponding author: [email protected] 2Institute of Biology & Soil Science, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 100-letiya Vladivostoka Prospect 159, Vladi- vostok, RUS-690022, Russia E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Twenty-two non-lichenicolous species of Tremella are reported from Russia. Detailed descriptions, photographs, illustra- tions and a dichotomous key for the identification of taxa are provided. Two species, Tremella subalpina and T. griseola, are described as new. One new combination is proposed, and an epitype for Tremella yokohamensis is designated. Molecular phylogenetic reconstructions are presented based on nrITS and nrLSU regions in Bayesian and likelihood analyses. Phylo- genetic data were strongly correlated with morphological data and were useful to delimit closely related species. Key words: heterobasidiomycetes, morphology, taxonomy, phylogeny, nrITS, nrLSU, epitypification Introduction This paper continues the publications on heterobasidiomycetes from Russia (Malysheva 2012, Malysheva 2013, Malysheva & Bulakh 2014). Since the beginning of the twentieth century the taxonomic studies of Tremella have been carried out around the world (Lloyd 1908–1925, Bourdot & Galzin 1923, 1928, Kobayasi 1939, Martin 1945, Bandoni 1987, Lowy 1971, Chen 1998). -
Tremella Fuciformis in 24- Parganas (N),West Bengal, India
Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 10(12) July 2016, Pages: 457-461 AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES ISSN:1991-8178 EISSN: 2309-8414 Journal home page: www.ajbasweb.com Study Of Jelly Mushroom - Tremella Fuciformis In 24- Parganas (N),West Bengal, India 1S.K. GHOSH, 2S. MITRA And 2S. MUKHERJEE 1(Associate Professor)Molecular Mycopathology Lab. Deptt. of Botany, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, Rahara, Kolkata – 118, West Bengal, India. 2(JRF) Molecular Mycopathology Lab. Deptt. of Botany, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, Rahara, Kolkata – 118, West Bengal, India. Address For Correspondence: S.K. GHOSH, Associate Professor Molecular Mycopathology Lab. Deptt. of Botany, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, Rahara, Kolkata – 118, West Bengal, India. E-mail: [email protected] ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: Background: Surveys were conducted in the jungles, logs present beside the canals, Received 28 May 2016 saw mills during July – August, 2015 in 24 Parganas (N) for searching the mushroom - Accepted 29 July 2016 Tremella fuciformis called jelly fungus or snow fungus. Tremella fuciformis belongs to Published 17 August 2016 the family Tremellaceae, order Tremellales, class Tremellomycetes and phylum Basidiomycota Objective: Our present investigation is to study the occurrence, ecology and taxonomical description of this mushroom which is medicinally and Keywords: pharmaceutically important mushroom. It has some important socioeconomic effects in Jelly or Snow mushroom, Ecology, China and Japan. Result: Our description become matched with Berkeley who first Taxonomy, Anatomy, Tremella reported this mushroom from the Amazon in 1856, described in Hooker's Jour. Bot. fuciformis. p.277. In India the work on ecology, taxonomy, pharmaceutical of Tremella fuciformis is very limited. -
Wood Decay Fungi American Samoa Community College Community & Natural Resources Pests and Diseases of American Samoa Cooperative Research & Extension 2004 Number 11
Wood Decay Fungi American Samoa Community College Community & Natural Resources Pests and Diseases of American Samoa Cooperative Research & Extension 2004 Number 11 Fungi compose about 4% of the known species of life on Ecology and Life Cycle earth and about 8% of estimated unknown species. In spite of Wood refers to both the dead xylem cells in the center of the their importance, less than 5% of the estimated 1.5 million fungi tree responsible for structural support (heartwood), and the liv- have been identified. This fact sheet is an inventory of wood ing xylem cells beneath the bark that carry water and nutrients decay fungi in American Samoa to date. up the tree (sapwood). Most wood rot fungi degrade the heart- Fungi that break down woody plants into their basic elements wood. Brown rot fungi have enzymes that break down polysac- are a critical part of the tropical ecosystem (Fig. 1). Without charides, but leave most of the brown-colored lignin. In Ameri- them, dead trees and shrubs would cover the soil and decom- can Samoa most fungi cause white rot, degrading lignin along pose very slowly. New seedlings not only need a clear path to with the polysaccharides, leaving wood spongy and bleached. the sunlight, they need the nutrients locked away in dead plants: Pathogenic fungi attack sapwood and can kill the tree (Fig. 3). Rotted wood enriches the soil for plant growth and improves its structure. Figure 1. Earliella scabrosa, often found consuming small branches. Spores are formed in pores on the underside of fruiting bodies (inset).