COOKS up a WIN in NORWAY Learn from the World Champion
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Annex 42 Commission for Women in Chess Batumi, Georgia 29Th
Annex 42 Commission for Women in Chess Batumi, Georgia 29th September 2018, 11.00-13.00 Chairpersons: Susan Polgar (USA), M. Fierro (ECU) Present: N. Cinar (TUR), P. Ambarukwi (INA), D. Chen (TPE), A. Sorokina (BLR), S. Johnson (TTO), U. Umudova (AZE), A. Dimitrijevic (BIH), K. Blackman (BCF), D. Murray (BCF), C. Zhu (QAT), P. Truong (CAM), M. Naugana (MAW), K. Howie (SCO), C. Meyer (USA), R. Haring (USA), U. E. Gronn (NOR), S. Bayat (IRI), S. Rohde (USA), M. Khamboo (NEP), Dr. G. Font (HUN), Dr. N. Short (ENG), A. Karlovych (UKR) MATTERS DISCUSSED At the beginning of the meeting, we addressed the items discussed in the official WOM report submitted to FIDE. The Chairperson (Ms. Polgar) especially praised FIDE for the Women’s World Blitz and Rapid Championships in Saudi Arabia which had a substantially increased prize fund, though it was only one third of the prize in the Open section. The total prize fund in the Women’s championships were $250,000 for each event. Beatriz Marinello reported on her project “Smart Girl” on behalf of the Social Action commission, which included projects in Uganda, Chile, France and the US. This projects seeks to increase participation by girls in chess in those countries. Martha Fierro elaborated on the project about chess in women prisons in Genoa, Italy, which involved the training of refugees in Italy who in turn, train women prisoners. Sophia Rohde from the United States shared some of the work their federation is in doing to promote chess for girls in the USA. They subsequently presented a video showing various interviews with young girls in chess, highlighting the benefits and challenges that they experience in chess. -
Download the Booklet of Chessbase Magazine #199
THE Magazine for Professional Chess JANUARY / FEBRUARY 2021 | NO. 199 | 19,95 Euro S R V ON U I O D H E O 4 R N U A N DVD H N I T NG RE TIME: MO 17 years old, second place at the Altibox Norway Chess: Alireza Firouzja is already among the Top 20 TOP GRANDmasTERS ANNOTATE: ALL IN ONE: SEMI-TaRRasCH Duda, Edouard, Firouzja, Igor Stohl condenses a Giri, Nielsen, et al. trendy opening AVRO TOURNAMENT 1938 – LONDON SYSTEM – no reST FOR THE Bf4 CLash OF THE GENERATIONS Alexey Kuzmin hits with the Retrospective + 18 newly annotated active 5...Nh5!? Keres games THE MODERN BENONI UNDER FIRE! Patrick Zelbel presents a pointed repertoire with 6.Nf3/7.Bg5 THE MAGAZINE FOR PROFESSIONAL CHESS JANU 17 years old, secondARY / placeFEB at the RU Altibox Norway Chess: AlirezaAR FirouzjaY 2021 is already among the Top 20 NO . 199 1 2 0 2 G R U B M A H , H B M G E S DVD with first class training material for A B S S E club players and professionals! H C © EDITORIAL The new chess stars: Alireza Firouzja and Moscow in order to measure herself against Beth Harmon the world champion in a tournament. She is accompanied by a US official who warns Now the world and also the world of chess her about the Soviets and advises her not to has been hit by the long-feared “second speak with anyone. And what happens? She wave” of the Covid-19 pandemic. Many is welcomed with enthusiasm by the popu- tournaments have been cancelled. -
World Stars Sharjah Online International Chess Championship 2020
World Stars Sharjah Online International Chess Championship 2020 World Stars 2020 ● Tournament Book ® Efstratios Grivas 2020 1 Welcome Letter Sharjah Cultural & Chess Club President Sheikh Saud bin Abdulaziz Al Mualla Dear Participants of the World Stars Sharjah Online International Chess Championship 2020, On behalf of the Board of Directors of the Sharjah Cultural & Chess Club and the Organising Committee, I am delighted to welcome all our distinguished participants of the World Stars Sharjah Online International Chess Championship 2020! Unfortunately, due to the recent negative and unpleasant reality of the Corona-Virus, we had to cancel our annual live events in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. But we still decided to organise some other events online, like the World Stars Sharjah Online International Chess Championship 2020, in cooperation with the prestigious chess platform Internet Chess Club. The Sharjah Cultural & Chess Club was founded on June 1981 with the object of spreading and development of chess as mental and cultural sport across the Sharjah Emirate and in the United Arab Emirates territory in general. As on 2020 we are celebrating the 39th anniversary of our Club I can promise some extra-ordinary events in close cooperation with FIDE, the Asian Chess Federation and the Arab Chess Federation for the coming year 2021, which will mark our 40th anniversary! For the time being we welcome you in our online event and promise that we will do our best to ensure that the World Stars Sharjah Online International Chess Championship -
Interview by Susanne Schuricht with IEPE B.T. Rubingh
Interview by Susanne Schuricht with IEBE B.T.Rubingh, Berlin 2005 (long version / english) SU: How was chessboxing born? Where did the idea come from? IEPE: Chessboxing was born in 2002; I was looking for new ideas after finishing my work called "Miracle of Berlin". In Amsterdam I met Luis, a.k.a. "Luis the Lawyer". We were hanging out in a bar and talking, and we found out that both of us had started boxing a year earlier and both of us have been playing chess for many years. The first idea we had was: Let's have a boxing match. Then I came up with the chessboxing idea from the comic "Froid équateur" by ENKI BILAL, which is set in 2096 and sees inhabitants of a ravaged planet competing in various games, including chessboxing. SU: Had any of your projects been inspired by a comic before? IEPE: Yes, a lot of them. My father owned a nice comic collection. I always had some of the pictures in mind. The project "Jokers performances" (joker.iepe.net) was inspired by the comic strip "Face de lune" by Jodorowsky & Boucq. Another source of inspiration was an essay out of the book "Beyond The Brillo Box" written by the art critic Arthur C. Danto. SU: How does it work? Could you explain to us the rules of chessboxing? IEPE: In the first place we had no idea what it should be like and which rules the match should have. We had long discussions with members of the Dutch chess and boxing federations in order to develop the idea. -
Bulletin Round 6 -08.08.14
Bulletin Round 6 -08.08.14 That Carlsen black magic Blitz and “Media chess attention playing is a tool to seals get people to chess” Photos: Daniel Skog, COT 2014 (Carlsen and Seals) / David Martinez, chess24 (Gelfand) Chess Olympiad Tromsø 2014 – Bulletin Round 6– 08.08.14 Fabiano Caruana and Magnus Carlsen before the start of round 6 Photo: David Llada / COT2014 That Carlsen black magic Norway 1 entertained the home fans with a clean 3-1 over Italy, and with Magnus Carlsen performing some of his patented minimalist magic to defeat a major rival. GM Kjetil Lie put the Norwegians ahead with the kind of robust aggression typical of his best form on board four, and the teams traded wins on boards two and three. All eyes were fixed on the Caruana-Carlsen clash, where Magnus presumably pulled off an opening surprise by adopting the offbeat variation that he himself had faced as White against Nikola Djukic of Montenegro in round three. By GM Jonathan Tisdall Caruana appeared to gain a small but comfortable Caruana is number 3 in the world and someone advantage in a queenless middlegame, but as I've lost against a few times, so it feels incredibly Carlsen has shown so many times before, the good to beat him. quieter the position, the deadlier he is. In typically hypnotic fashion, the position steadily swung On top board Azerbaijan continues to set the Carlsen's way, and suddenly all of White's pawns pace, clinching another match victory thanks to were falling like overripe fruit. Carlsen's pleasure two wins with the white pieces, Mamedyarov with today's work was obvious, as he stopped to beating Jobava in a bare-knuckle brawl, and with high-five colleague Jon Ludvig Hammer on his GM Rauf Mamedov nailing GM Gaioz Nigalidze way into the NRK TV studio. -
Mr Bulloch Continuing Our Grilling of the Old Guard, We Now Speak to ‘Mr
Issue 4 Email: [email protected] February 2010 1 THE PUPILS’ VOICE Issue 4, February 2010 www.pupilsvoice.com Where in the school is this? See Pg.15 FChairman, Co-editor and layout: Hasan Ali Chief Editor: James Jordan Deputy Editor: Sanjeevan Ghag onse ent praestie con eriustio odolupt Interview with Heidi aka. ‘Really Friendly Dinner Lady’ Hasan Ali, Sanjeevan Ghag, Chris Jones and James Jordan PV: What is your job here? Heidi: To make sure PV: So, do you have the boys are safe at another job outside lunchtime. of Camp Hill? Heidi: Ooh, brownies; PV: What’s your funni- kid’s club. I go from est moment here? here at twenty to two, Heidi: I can’t think and then go over to of any...A lad on the Colmore from three fi eld doing sports – to six, but I’ve just fi n- he played rugby really ished that. I’m a lady well. But he said “I of leisure in the after- could only run half- noon. way round the fi eld and I’d collapse.’ So PV: Did you stop doing he ran halfway round that so you could and he collapsed, that HEIDI’S cheery face is known by current Camphillians and old boys come here more? was the funniest thing. it’s gotta be my husband really. two years before that, so about Heidi: Yep. So I’m cleaning in My children as well. 6 years. the morning and then lunch- PV: Most embarrassing time and then sometimes I do moment? PV: Do you fancy a celebrity? PV: What’s your favourite TV a few exams. -
Magnus Carlsen: Side 8-10 Superturnering I Sjakk 7.-18. Mai 2013
Norway Chess Superturnering i sjakk 7.-18. mai 2013 Magnus Carlsen: side 8-10 Sjakkens første super- stjerne møter verdens sjakkelite i Rogaland Stor skolesjakkturnering: Barn i Rogaland spiller sjakk side 3 Sjakkens ABC: Lær deg alt om sjakkspillet side 16-17 Sjakkpresident Jøran Aulin-Jansson: 92 timer med sjakk i strekk side 24-25 Tid for å skape historie Plutselig er vi der, og det er tid for å levere. Tanker, ideer, møter, diskusjoner og mye planlegging skal nå gi oss et godt og helt nytt arrangement. Det er tid for Norway Chess – tid for å skape historie. Det er nemlig aller første gang det arrangeres en slik super- turnering i Norge. Verden holder øynene åpne og kommer til å følge godt med når det skal utkjempes nye og viktige slag i regio- nen. Sverdslag i Hafrsfjord og kamp om kongemakt er byttet ut med å ta motstanderens konge på brettet. Mag- nus Carlsen skal for aller første gang få møte sine arges- te konkurrenter her hjemme, og møtet med Vishy Anand har allerede fått mye oppmerksomhet. Det er et stort arrangement, og vi skal vise fram mye flott av det vi har å by på. Quality Hotel Residence på Sandnes skal være hovedarena med mange av de i alt ni runde- Mannen bak ne. Men spillere og presse skal få stifte bekjentskap med Flor & Fjære, Universitetet, det nye flotte konserthuset i Tekst: Maren Stangeland Stavanger og en ”striglet” produksjonshall hos Aarbakke på Bryne. Hvordan kan det ha seg at vi har verdens beste sjakkspiller, men Sjakk har en lang historie. -
I Make This Pledge to You Alone, the Castle Walls Protect Our Back That I Shall Serve Your Royal Throne
AMERA M. ANDERSEN Battlefield of Life “I make this pledge to you alone, The castle walls protect our back that I shall serve your royal throne. and Bishops plan for their attack; My silver sword, I gladly wield. a master plan that is concealed. Squares eight times eight the battlefield. Squares eight times eight the battlefield. With knights upon their mighty steed For chess is but a game of life the front line pawns have vowed to bleed and I your Queen, a loving wife and neither Queen shall ever yield. shall guard my liege and raise my shield Squares eight times eight the battlefield. Squares eight time eight the battlefield.” Apathy Checkmate I set my moves up strategically, enemy kings are taken easily Knights move four spaces, in place of bishops east of me Communicate with pawns on a telepathic frequency Smash knights with mics in militant mental fights, it seems to be An everlasting battle on the 64-block geometric metal battlefield The sword of my rook, will shatter your feeble battle shield I witness a bishop that’ll wield his mystic sword And slaughter every player who inhabits my chessboard Knight to Queen’s three, I slice through MCs Seize the rook’s towers and the bishop’s ministries VISWANATHAN ANAND “Confidence is very important—even pretending to be confident. If you make a mistake but do not let your opponent see what you are thinking, then he may overlook the mistake.” Public Enemy Rebel Without A Pause No matter what the name we’re all the same Pieces in one big chess game GERALD ABRAHAMS “One way of looking at chess development is to regard it as a fight for freedom. -
Bold Experiment YOUR NEW YEAR’S RESOLUTION: OVERCOME CHESS HOARDING!
Bold Experiment YOUR NEW YEAR’S RESOLUTION: OVERCOME CHESS HOARDING! Maurice JANUARY 2015 & Ashley Amy Lee’s Bold Experiment FineLine Technologies JN Index 80% 1.5 BWR PU JANUARY A USCF Publication $5.95 01 GM Wesley So and a friendly spectator hold up his winner’s check. 7 25274 64631 9 IFC_Layout 1 12/10/2014 11:28 AM Page 1 SLCC_Layout 1 12/10/2014 11:50 AM Page 1 The Chess Club and Scholastic Center of Saint Louis is preparing for another fantastic year! 2015 U.S. Championship 2015 U.S. Women’s Championship 2015 U.S. Junior Closed $10K Saint Louis Open GM/IM Title Norm Invitational 2015 Sinquefi eld Cup $10K Thanksgiving Open www.saintlouischessclub.org 4657 Maryland Avenue, Saint Louis, MO 63108 | (314) 361–CHESS (2437) | [email protected] NON-DISCRIMINATION POLICY: The CCSCSL admits students of any race, color, nationality, or ethnic origin. THE UNEXPECTED COLLISION OF CHESS AND HIP HOP CULTURE 2&72%(5r$35,/2015 4652 Maryland Avenue, Saint Louis, MO 63108 (314) 367-WCHF (9243) | worldchesshof.org Photo © Patrick Lanham Financial assistance for this project With support from the has been provided by the Missouri Regional Arts Commission Arts Council, a state agency. CL_01-2014_masthead_JP_r1_chess life 12/10/2014 10:30 AM Page 2 Chess Life EDITORIAL STAFF Chess Life Editor and Daniel Lucas [email protected] Director of Publications Chess Life Online Editor Jennifer Shahade [email protected] Chess Life for Kids Editor Glenn Petersen [email protected] Senior Art Director Frankie Butler [email protected] Editorial Assistant/Copy Editor Alan Kantor [email protected] Editorial Assistant Jo Anne Fatherly [email protected] Editorial Assistant Jennifer Pearson [email protected] Technical Editor Ron Burnett TLA/Advertising Joan DuBois [email protected] USCF STAFF Executive Director Jean Hoffman ext. -
Livros De Xadrez
LIVROS DE XADREZ No. TÍTULO Autor Editora 1 100 Endgames You Must Know Jesus de la Villa New In Chess 2 Ajedrez - La Lucha por la Iniciativa Orestes Aldama Zambrano Paidotribo 3 Alexander Alekhine Alexander Kotov R.H.M. Press 4 Alexander Alekhine´s Best Games Alexander Alekhine Batsford Chess 5 Analysing the Endgame John Speelman Batsford Chess 6 Art of Chess Combination Znosko-Borovsky Dover 7 Attack and Defence M.Dvoretsky & A.Yusupov Batsford Chess 8 Attack and Defence in Modern Chess Tactics Ludek Pachman RPK 9 Attacking Technique Colin Crouch Batsford Chess 10 Better Chess for Average Players Tim Harding Dover 11 Bishop v/s Knight: The Veredict Steve Mayer Ice 12 Bobby Fischer My 60 Memorable Games Bobby Fischer Faber & Faber Limited 13 Bobby Fischer Rediscovered Andrew Soltis Batsford 14 Bobby Fischer: His Aproach to Chess Elie Agur Cadogan 15 Botvinnik - One Hundred Selected Games M.Botvinnik Dover 16 Building Up Your Chess Lev Alburt Circ 17 Capablanca Edward Winter McFarland 18 Chess Endgame Quis Larry Evans Cardoza Publishing 19 Chess Endings Yuri Averbach Everyman Chess 20 Chess Exam and Training Guide Igor Khmelnitsky I am Coach Press 21 Chess Middlegames Yuri Averbach Cadogan Chess 22 Chess Praxis Aron Nimzowitsch Hays Publishing 23 Chess Praxis Aron Nimzowitsch Hays Publishing 24 Chess Self-Improvement Zenon Franco Gambit 25 Chess Strategy for the Tournament Player Alburt & Palatnik Circ 26 Creative Chess Amatzia Avni Cadogan Chess 27 Creative Chess Opening Preparation Viacheslav Eingorn Gambit 28 Endgame Magic J.Beasley -
FIDE Trainers' Commission (TRG) FIDE Trainers' Seminar Zhuhai, 01
FIDE Trainers’ Commission (TRG) FIDE Trainers’ Seminar Zhuhai, 01-03.07.2018 - Report FIDE-TRG organised its second seminar in Zhuhai, China, after the first one in 2014. The seminar was held in Zhuhai, southern China, next to Macau and Hong Kong in the Catic Hotel. It was co-organised by the FIDE, the Asian Chess Federation (ACF), the FIDE Trainers’ Commission (TRG) and the Chinese Chess Association (CCA). Asian Chess Federation Asian Chess Federation Trainers’ Commission Secreta- President His Excellency Secretary General & UAE ry & Lecturer - Director of the Sheikh Sultan Bin Khalifah Chess Federation Board Grivas Chess International Al-Nehyan Member Mr. Hisham Al Academy (GM-FST-IA-IO) Taher Mr. Efstratios Grivas This 15-hour seminar took place in-between July 1st to 3rd, 2018 and fifty (50) trainers participated, all from China (47 trainers-to-be and 3 observers), Among them, there were 3 GMs, 2 IMs, 1 WIM, 1 WFM, 1 FM and 2 WCM and many other strong players and experienced trainers. And a good number of 18 women trainers (39%), showed-up - China was never short of strong women chess-players and trainers! And who can forget that the FIDE Women World Champion is from China as well, GM Ju Wenjun… The seminar’s Lecturers were GM/FST/IA/IO Efstratios Grivas (Greece), who is also the Secretary of the FIDE Trainers’ Commission (TRG), GM/FST/IO Jiangchuan Ye who is also the Vice-President of the Chinese Chess Association (CCA) and Commission Member of TRG (China-Assistant) and KK (Kwai Keong) Chan (FT/IA/IO) who is also the President of the Hong Kong Chess Federation. -
Is It Time to Bring Back Adjournments? the United States’ Largest Chess Specialty Retailer
GOLD, SILVER, AND BRONZE AT THE WORLD CADETS February 2020 | USChess.org Is It Time To Bring Back Adjournments? The United States’ Largest Chess Specialty Retailer 888.51.CHESS (512.4377) www.USCFSales.com Keep It Simple 1.d4 Beyond Material ^ŽůŝĚĂŶĚ^ƚƌĂŝŐŚƞŽƌǁĂƌĚŚĞƐƐKƉĞŶŝŶŐZĞƉĞƌƚŽŝƌĞĨŽƌtŚŝƚĞ /ŐŶŽƌĞƚŚĞ&ĂĐĞsĂůƵĞŽĨzŽƵƌWŝĞĐĞƐĂŶĚŝƐĐŽǀĞƌƚŚĞ Christof Sielecki 432 pages - $29.95 /ŵƉŽƌƚĂŶĐĞŽĨdŝŵĞ͕^ƉĂĐĞĂŶĚWƐLJĐŚŽůŽŐLJŝŶŚĞƐƐ ^ŝĞůĞĐŬŝ͛ƐƌĞƉĞƌƚŽŝƌĞǁŝƚŚϭ͘ĚϰŵĂLJďĞĞǀĞŶĞĂƐŝĞƌƚŽ Davorin Kuljasevic 336 pages - $24.95 ŵĂƐƚĞƌƚŚĂŶŚŝƐϭ͘ĞϰƌĞĐŽŵŵĞŶĚĂƟŽŶƐ͕ďĞĐĂƵƐĞŝƚŝƐƐƵĐŚĂ &ŽƌŐĞƚĂďŽƵƚĐŽƵŶƟŶŐƚŚĞƐƚĂƟĐǀĂůƵĞŽĨLJŽƵƌƉŝĞĐĞƐ͕ůĞĂƌŶ ĐŽŚĞƌĞŶƚƐLJƐƚĞŵ͗ƚŚĞŵĂŝŶĐŽŶĐĞƉƚŝƐĨŽƌtŚŝƚĞƚŽƉůĂLJϭ͘Ěϰ͕ ƚŚĞǀŝƚĂůƐŬŝůůŽĨƚĂŬŝŶŐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚƌŝƐŬƐ͘ Ϯ͘EĨϯ͕ϯ͘Őϯ͕ϰ͘ŐϮ͕ϱ͘ϬͲϬĂŶĚŝŶŵŽƐƚĐĂƐĞƐϲ͘Đϰ͘ ͞ĞƐĞƌǀĞƐĂǁŝĚĞĂƵĚŝĞŶĐĞ͘KŶĞŽĨƚŚĞďĞƐƚŬƐ/ŚĂǀĞ ͞Ɛ/ƚŚŝŶŬƚŚĂƚ/ƐŚŽƵůĚŬĞĞƉŵLJĂĚǀŝĐĞ͚ƐŝŵƉůĞ͕͛/ǁŽƵůĚƐĂLJ ƌĞĂĚƚŚŝƐLJĞĂƌ͘͟ Et͊ ͚ũƵƐƚŐĞƚŝƚ͛͊͟ʹ'D'ůĞŶŶ&ůĞĂƌ /D:ŽŚŶŽŶĂůĚƐŽŶ New In Chess 2019#8 <ĂƵĨŵĂŶ͛ƐEĞǁZĞƉĞƌƚŽŝƌĞĨŽƌůĂĐŬĂŶĚtŚŝƚĞ ZĞĂĚďLJĐůƵďƉůĂLJĞƌƐŝŶϭϭϲĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐϭϬϲƉĂŐĞƐͲ$14.99 ŽŵƉůĞƚĞ͕^ŽƵŶĚĂŶĚhƐĞƌͲĨƌŝĞŶĚůLJŚĞƐƐKƉĞŶŝŶŐZĞƉĞƌƚŽŝƌĞ DĂŐŶŝĮĐĞŶƚƐƚƵī͕ĨƵůůLJĂĐĐĞƐƐŝďůĞĨŽƌĂŵĂƚĞƵƌƐ͊DĂŐŶƵƐ Larry Kaufman 464 pages - $32.95 ĂƌůƐĞŶ͛ƐƚƌĂŝŶĞƌƌĞǀĞĂůƐŚŽǁůƉŚĂĞƌŽƌĞǀŽůƵƟŽŶŝnjĞĚƚŚĞ ůƵĐŝĚůLJĞdžƉůĂŝŶĞĚ͕ƌĞĂĚLJͲƚŽͲŐŽĂŶĚĞĂƐLJͲƚŽͲĚŝŐĞƐƚ ƉůĂLJŽĨŚŝƐďŽƐƐ͘ĂƌĞͲĚĞǀŝůĂŶŝŝůƵďŽǀĂŶŶŽƚĂƚĞƐŚŝƐǁŝŶ ƌĞƉĞƌƚŽŝƌĞǁŝƚŚƐŽƵŶĚ͕ƉƌĂĐƟĐĂůůŝŶĞƐƚŚĂƚĚŽŶŽƚŐŽŽƵƚŽĨ ŽĨƚŚĞLJĞĂƌ͘tĞƐůĞLJ^Ž͗ŚŽǁ/ďĞĂƚƚŚĞtŽƌůĚŚĂŵƉŝŽŶĂƚ ĚĂƚĞƌĂƉŝĚůLJ͘^ƵŝƚĂďůĞĨŽƌŵĂƐƚĞƌƐǁŚŝůĞƉĞƌĨĞĐƚůLJĂĐĐĞƐƐŝďůĞ &ŝƐĐŚĞƌZĂŶĚŽŵ͘:ƵĚŝƚWŽůŐĂƌ͛ƐĞdžĐůƵƐŝǀĞĐŽůƵŵŶ͘dŚĞůŝƚnj ĨŽƌĂŵĂƚĞƵƌƐ͘zŽƵĂůǁĂLJƐŐĞƚƚǁŽŽƉƟŽŶƐĂŶĚĚŽŶ͛ƚŚĂǀĞ tŚŝƐƉĞƌĞƌDĂdžŝŵůƵŐLJ͗ƉƌĂĐƟĐĂůĞŶĚŐĂŵĞŝŵƉƌŽǀĞŵĞŶƚ͘