PUBLICK OCCURRENCES The nation's oldest newspaper Pullman, WA V. 1 No. III A straw poll on

given a chance to leave or stay." BY DAN FLEM ING Cheryl Haskins: "I'm against it because it's "Where come using a lot of ideas people think are good and Students from WSU and UI have had a from, we don't take using them in a negative way." somewhat limited exposure to communism. John Muter: "I have both negative and positive kindly to Recently local academia listened to the standard attitudes toward it: I've been to the Soviet Union line and doctrine of Marxists from the mouth of communists and the a few times. I think we're terribly misinformed communist Angela Davis. idea of sharing about it. It's used by the present administration For most students ... it's hard to believe more everything. " to scare us so they can get through their than half of the world's population is under the backwards policies." influence of communism. The billions in China, Anthony Lo (foreign student from Singapore): Russia, Vietnam, Cuba, etc, etc., all drink from Anthony La "I have a negative attitude toward them. Where I the well of Marxian thought. According to WSU, Business come from, we don't take kindly to communists columnist Georgia Ann Geyer, communistic Administration and the idea of living and sharing everything. You governments are expanding their ideology and should work for what you're supposed to get. land acquisition at alarming rates. Jenny Lee (also from Singapore): "I don't think The list of nations resting at the bottom of much of it. Where we come from competition is Russia's gullet is impressive: Czechoslovakia, way of doing things. great and we like it. Communism doesn't appeal Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Poland and on and on. Add Helena Hougge says, "It's just a much tome." to that list names of those whose ideology is different, restrictive way of life with no choices Jeff Jones: "It's bad news... it's too bad for the identical and it seems as though most of the involved basically." people who have put up with it." world is dripping red. From Bamboo to Iron, the Gern Blannsson echoes her thought. He says, curtains of communism are closing in. "All I know is that it's different than the political #3. Do you consider the Soviet Union a Although the current college generation hasn't system the United States is under." threat to world peace? seen any major blowouts, parents of students Lori DeBrian says her concept of communism Most of those polled felt very definitely the have gone through the Red Scare of the 50's, the is "No democracy, just one leader, no choice." #2. A definition of communism Eric Ray: "Communism is a Marxist doctrine "I think the basis of with an economic base saying that capitalism "No individual runs in a cycle and the concentration of it is good. With the rights. State • ownership is finally out of the hands of the elite right people in Control. No and then the masses take over." ownership. It can't power it could be Jeff Franks: "Just a philosophy that started good. It's just never with that exists today in a number of be all that bad. been used countries in the world." It has been around effectively. Finally, there were some students who hadn't for quite some time spent any time pondering the subject. now." Valerie Johnston: "I don't think anything about Bruce Blackwood communism." Teri Funk UI, Business Cheryl Haskins says she feels bad but she UI, Journalism Marketing doesn't know much about it. ~oncepts are concepts but just what do people think of communism itself. Publick Occurrences "Bay of Pigs" incident, the Cuban Missile Crisis, asked, "What is your personal attitude toward Soviet Union was a threat. the Korean Conflict, the Vietnam War end, and, Beckv Cruickshank savs she definitely feels the communism?" of course, the ever present Cold War. There wasn't one student not expressing an Soviet Union is a threat but she doesn't look for The first generation of television viewers opinion ... even those whose concept of anything big to happen for a few years. watched as Senator Joseph McCarthy went on a communism may have been limited had an John Muter says the Soviet Union is not a rampage, exposing communists in every niche of opinion on the topic. threat to world peace and said the United States American Society. They continued to look on as Helena Hougge: "I don't agree with it, I think is the one to be fearful of ... especially with the WSU's own Edward R. Murrow locked his camera current president. Muter says he lives in daily on McCarthy and brought him to ruin on his See It people should be allowed the freedom to choose." fear of some sort of nuclear or world conflict. Now program. Through the events of the 50's, David Nannson: "I don't approve of it, I Cheryl Haskins says if one were to put it in 60's and 70's, however, the United States has wouldn't want to live under It.Tthink those that terms of the natural. .. sure the Soviets are a continued to serve as a beacon of hope to those choose to should be allowed to, although I think threat to world peace but in the spiritual even the oppressed by communism. those who don't want to live under it should be Russians are going to have to take a back seat to Sitting around the evening dinner table, most God. students in the Palouse have heard "about" Thirteen out of those 17 interviewed said to communism and America's fight against it. What '~.. .in the spiritual, keep an eye on the Soviet Union, and of those then does your average student think of it? predictions on the time of an outbreak of violence Does the mere mention of the word conjure up even the Russians on a world scale ranged anywhere from "any advancing Soviet troops in Afghanistan? Do are going to have to time" to "20 years down the road." students try and remember what their big brother take a back seat to The Soviet Union is, of course, not the only said about the "Tet Offensive?" or is Joe Student God." communist nation in the world, but most even concerned with the issue? students immediately though of the "bear" in To find out what Joe is thinking these days, clarifying their thinking. Publick Occurrences went to the WSU and UI Perhaps, if things go according to what union buildings and asked 20 students three ques- . Cheryl Haskins students in the Palouse think, we may tions. WSU, Business understand more about communism as time goes # 1. What is your concept of communism? Administration by. Especially if the world as we know it today Those responding to this question answered in becomes more encircled with a red banner. three different ways. Some feel it's just another PUBLIC~ Quote Stranger than fiction

OCCURRENCE§ Even if you've never orbited the earth "Hush. Don't ask any questions. It's always best on these occasions to do or gotten Syria to release a Navy what the mob do. " pilot... You Too Can Be a Democratic "It was by the press that the morals of this country have been "But suppose there are two mobs?" Candidate for President. That is the ruined, and it is by the press that they shall be restored." name of a book released last month by RJ -Alexander Hamilton suggested Mr. Snodgrass. "Shout with the largest, " replied Mr. Publications, Inc.!Kampmann Publish- Pickwick. ingCo. Michael Wade Volumes could not have said more. For only $4.95 you can learn the laws PUBLISHER/EDITOR of presidential physics: When different- The Pickwick Papers sized politicians are dropped from a win- David Bakken Charles Dickens dow they all land at the same time, but MANAGING EDITOR only a presidential candidate will go back and do it until the TV cameramen are Matthew C. Brenner satisfied. The book also contains press BUSINESS MANAGER releases, New Hampshire road maps, EYI. tips on raising hogs in lowa-and a con- John O'Malley cession speech. STUDENT ADVISOR

Steven M. Olson To be a democracy, or a republic. Is CIRCULATION DIRECTOR this a question? A funny thing happened to Walter Politicians today use these words in- Mondale on his way to New Hampshire. Dan Fleming terchangeably. Is there a difference? The press gave an accurate account of RESEARCH ASSISTANT Noah Webster's first edition of his dic- Mandale's Hart attack, but glossed over tionary, finished in 1828 after he spent one of the reasons for the shocker. Kurt Schaedel 36 years putting it together, defines de- Terry Dolan's National Conservative FINANCIAL ASSISTANT mocracy as a 'government by the people; Political Action Committee spent $2 mil- a form of government, in which the su- Suzie Melchor lion exposing Mr. Mondale's 'integrity SECRETARY preme power is lodged in the hands of the gap.' It seems that the candidate after people collectively, or in which the promising government money to s~ial people exercise the powers of legisla- interest groups, later has told different tion.' crowds that such promises would proba- In 1690 Benjamin Harris published Publick Occurrences, Both Forreign and Domestick. Harris' first issue became his last, however, when the gover- Noah even gave an example of a de- bly not be fiscally possible for quite some nor of New England decided that the continent's first newspaper was anti- mocracy: 'such was the government of time. crown. Athens.' According to the Wall Street Journal Concerne~ students at Washington State University and the University of A republic, according to Webster, dif- Mr. Mondale 'will have to fit more tha~ Idaho are usrng the freedoms our Founding Fathers fought and died for with fers from this because it is 'a common- $45 billion-and by some calculations the intentions of helping to spark a second American Revolution th~t will wealth; a state in which the exercise of almost twice that-of new commitments bring t~e United States back to her original guiding principles. the sovereign power is lodged in repre- into a $9 billion hole alloted for new Publl~k Occurrences is published monthly by Publick Occurrences, Inc., sentatives elected by the people.' In spending.' a Washington state non-profit corporation. The corporation is located at modern usage it differs from a democracy One NCPAC commercial shown in New Washington State University in Pullman, Washington. Public Occurrences or democratic state in which the people Hampshire depicts a 'Mondale for Presi- is an independent newspaper. exercise the powers of sovereignty in per- dent' office, with shadowy figures mov- son. Yet the democracies of Greece are ing about behind a window of frosted LETTERS POLICY often called republics.' glass. The distinction is an important one be- "Let's portray Mondale as fighting for a Publick Occurrences unequally welcomes blank checks and letters to the cause of the common assumption today balanced budget," says one voice. editor. All letters should be postmarked within two weeks of the newspaper's that America is, was and always will be a "Nah. Nobody would believe that. latest publication date and addressed to the editor at P.O. Box 2248, democracy. The notion of majority rule is Mondale's never voted for a balanced Pullman, WA 99163. (All blank checks may be written and mailed in a simi- fine, unless 51 percent of the people de- budget in his life." lar fashionl) cide it would be a good idea to stroll over "Then let's have him say, 'I don't owe The staff of Publick Occurrences would like to thank Mr. John 0' Malley for to Rogers dormitory in a mob-like fashion . anybody anything!' " his service to us as our student advisor. and break every window in the building, The reason these commercials were The printing press on page one was taken from the following book, Edwin Emery. Michael Emery. The Press and discriminate against blacks, exterminate probably so detrimental to Mr. Mondale's America, An Interpretative HistDty of the Mass Media, 4th Ed., 1978, p. 37. Reproduced by permission 01 Jews or slaughter unborn babies. campaign was best explained by a Demo- Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood, Cliffs, N.J. And what if the representatives of the cratic strategist quoted in the people in a republic are implementing Washington Times: "What Fritz has to Opinions expressed in all articles are not necessarily those of all staff programs that don't make sense, or act- worry about most is a race between a Re- members, subscribers, donors or advertisers. ing as an elite clique in DeeCee? That, publican candidate who, alas, meansev- dear constituent, is what elections are erything he says-and a Democrat who supposed to be all about. alas; doesn't mean anything he says." • Copyright 1984 Publick Occurrences, Inc. All rights reserved; heory as a Tool of Policy

about 30 percent; without this the 'modernist stuff, gone wrong and wages are driven down by balances piling up, which, depression would never have BY GOTTFR IED turned sour and silly ... circulating competition, prices fall pari passu according to Keynes, does not result in larger expenditures, either become as deep.or lasted as .Iong HABERLER in our system.' so that real wages and employment as it did. Some Keynesians have When I read the _General Theory remain unchanged. on consumption or on investment. This accumulation of idle funds argued that a more expansionary What is generally referred to as the first time, immediately after its I felt that th is was not the end of monetary policy would have made Keynesian economics could be appearance, I was greatly the story, but I soon discovered obviously cannot go on forever; it no difference, because the velocity distinguished from the economics impressed and intrigued by the that Keynes, in the last part of his raises complicated problems of a of circulation would have declined of Keynes. Keynes frequently provocative argument, but not by book, qualified his theory. When dynamic nature, which simply so that aggregate expenditures and changed his views so fast with the policy prescriptions: that in a money wages decline, he cannot be handled by the employment would not have been . changing circumstances that many period of mass unemployment and maintained, prices fall, which essentially static Keynesian theory. changed. But Roy Harrod, the great of his followers could not keep up declining prices, deficit spending implies an increase in the real Not that Keynes had nothing to say Keynesian and biographer of with him. Two examples follow. Keynes, declared bluntly, First, in the General Theory, 'Monetary policy had not been which appeared during the Great tried.' Depression of the 1930s, Keynes Despite these shortcomings of rightly concentrated his fire on the General Theory, there can be deflation, falling prices, and no doubt that Keynes was one of unemployment. What is not as well the great men and great known is that in 1937, one year economists of our times, but not after the appearance of the General because, as many believe, the - Theory, he turned around and said General Theory revolutionized that it was time to shift emphasis economics; it did not. Keynes was from abating unemployment to not the Newton or Einstein of curbing inflation, though inflation economics. His claim to greatness at that time was not particularly is more broadly based. It rests on high by postwar standards, and his astonishing achievements in unemployment was still above 10 many areas extending far beyond percent. No wonder that most of economics. In fact, Keynes' first his disciples did not follow him and major scholarly work, his fellowship continued to preach monetary and dissertation in King's College fiscal expansion throughout the (Cambridge, 1909) was in post was period, which must bear a philosophy, on probability as a large share of responsibility for the 'branch of logic.' The work inflation from which we have been continued intermittently, but was suffering. ..rf's A NEW APPROAOl .. , I ROB ~OM EVt:RVBODY AND DUMP rr IN IHE RIVER" interrupted by the war. It was Second, Keynes was brought up finally published in 1921 asA in the laissez-faire general spirit of and monetary expansion are in quantity of money, which, in turn, on these problems, but he never let Treatice on Probability. the nineteenth century and favored order. This view was widely pushes down interest rates and himself be hemmed in by a theory, Let me repeat, Keynes was a free trade and free enterprise. accepted even by many whom stimulates investment and either his own or that of anybody great economic theorist. But for During the mass unemployment Keynes denounced as archclassi- employment. But there are two else. him theory was always a tool from and depression of the 1930s, he cals. hitches. First, investment may fail A serious weakness of the which to derive policy conclusions, changed his views and advocated What puzzled me from the to expand when interest rates General Theory is that there is not an end in itself. In other words, protectionist measures. But his beginning was Keynes' theory that decline, because of a secular nothing on the monetary causes of he was a man of action as well as a protectionist-nationalistic period long-run equilibrium with high dearth of investment opportunities. the Great Depression. What I have scholar. did not last very long. When during unemployment is possible, even This theory, which became very in mind is the fact that the Federal World War II he became engaged in under perfect competition in the popular among Keynes' disciples, Reserve, by acts of commission Dr. Gottfried Haberler is a resi- drawing up plans for postwar labor market-a theory widely has been completely discreditied (deflationary measures) and of dent scholar at the American Enter- economic reconstruction, he regarded as Keynes' most by later developments. Second, omission (failure to counteract prise Institute. This article is re- returned to his ear-liberal befiefs important discovery. Keynes there may be a floor below which sufficiently the deflationary effect printed by permission of the AEI and had to defend himself from the accepted the classical proposition interest rates cannot fall that leads of the crash on the stock exchange Economist, published by the Ameri- attacks of his erstwhile followers that employment rises if real wages to the so-called liquidity trap- in 1929 and of several waves of can Enterprise Institute for Public who had become his bitter critics. decline. But he argued in the first indefinite amounts of liquidity, an bank failures), permitted the Policy Research. He called their arguments part of his book that when money ever-increasing stock of idle quantity of money to shrink by

In 1968, Robert Nolte worked as a repor- BY MICHAEL WADE ter for the Chicago Tribune. Besides watch- ing personalities like Mayor Richard Daley, and covering a number of events including the '68 Democratic National Convention, Nolte was assigned to cover King whenever Last month, Americans celebrated a new he came to Illinois. holdiay. Martin Luther King, Jr. Day created a controversy over the famous religious and Nolte, who later became a correspondent civil rights leader's alleged ties to com- for NBC and is presently in charge of public relations for Maranatha Campus Ministries, munism. classifies his relationship with King as a Some, caught up in praising King, passed 'personal friendship.' off allegations as mere paranoia--that con- "His motives were pure," says Nolte. "He servatives simply did not want to give the had no ties with communists. He simply late Reverend credit for his efforts. Others wanted to help bring different races closer fought tooth and nail to block passage of the together, and he did that." bill creating the new holiday. President Nolte added that this change was not Reagan, when asked whether or not King brought about by the passage of any laws or was friendly to the communists, moderately regulations, but "by changing the hearts of King pure." replied, "We'll know in about 35 years." everyone." What sort of person

reads • PUBLICK OCCURRENCES

u.s. Senator James McClure

You are invited to join them. After a hard day of classes, wouldn't it be good to come home, kick your feet up next to the fireplace and casually browse through the latest issue of Publick Occurrences? For donations of at least fifteen dollars, we will mail a copy right to your mail box. Go ahead, do it today. Look where it has gotten these men!

Publick Occurrences P.O. Box 2248 Pullman, WA 99163 u.S. Senator Slade Gorton

u.S. Senator Dan Evans u.S. Senator Steve Symms Dear Michael: enough examples of the consequences of your last copy, to give you time to renew your Soviet citizen has been enjoyrng your I have just finished reading the Feb. I, such a course (i.e., the Inquisition, revolu- subscription-without running the risk of magazine, AMERICA, published every 1984 issue of your fantastic publication. I tionary Iran)? Can you imagine Ayatollah missing a single issue. month in the U.S.S.R! want to take this opportunity to compliment Falwell in the White House? You scare me. Just think! For the past year you've been Everything considered, you probably you on a job well done. privileged to take part in a delightful couldn't find a bigger-or more important- I have the occasion to review most of the Sincerely, 'armchair adventure'-a personally-guided, 'bargain' for your money. And if you act nation's conservative student newspapers Gregory J. Anderson in-depth tour of the lands, peoples, cus- promptly, you can continue your adven- and feel that yours is among the very best. Pullman, WA toms, arts and achievements of the Soviet ture-and your role in improving interna- Your artistic layout and design is only sur- Dear Subscriber: Union-while at the same time, you've been tional understanding-by renewing now for passed by the quality of your articles. Please Your subscription to SOVIET LIFE will soon engaged in a great cultural experiment! either two or three years! The choice is up to convey my congratulations to your entire expire. While you've been enjoying SOVIET LIFE, a you! staff. I'm writing to you now, before we mail Best of all, whichever term you prefer, Please keep up the fine work. It is because you'll be protected against coming price in- of people like you and yourstaffthat I feel we creases for the full term that you choose! have a chance of winning the battle against Won't you join us for another year-of the Left. LETTERS POLICY fresh insights and understanding? We'll look forward to hearing from you Sincerely, Publick Occurrences believes that a free exchange of ideas is both desirable Jack Abramoff, Chairman and necessary, and thus heartily welcomes letters to the editor. Letters Sincerely yours, College Republican National Committee should be typewritten, less than 350 words long, signed by the author, and Vladmir Belyakov should include the author's phone number. All letters that meet these for the editors of SOVIET LIFE Dear Sir: criteria will be printed, providing that they are not libelous or in exceedingly Washington D.C. Thank you for providing a stimulating poor taste. All letters should be postmarked within two weeks of the new- counterpoint to the propaganda offered up paper's latest publication date and addressed to the editor at P.O. Box P.S. Remember, by renewing now. you auto- by today's 'liberal' media. One question, 2248, Pullman, Washington 99163. matically become eligible to enter next though: why do you contend that the answer year's exciting Subscriber Sweepstakes- to failed fuzzy-headed liberalism is the fu- and perhaps win an alf-expense-paid vaca- sion of religion and politics? Don't we have tion in the U.S.S.R.!

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Publick Occurrences Have your RESUME from' Photomechanically Typeset for that Citizens for Reagan and Professional Look Fund for a Conservative Majority A job well done. We wish you continued success and look forward to seeing many more issues of your LETTERHEAD LOGO publication. BUSI NESS CARe N. 134 Grand Ave. Downtown Pullman 334-1117 Orwell and 1984: Clearing the Air 'human nature,' which as a matter of course desired liberty. But we cannot be at all certain that 'human nature' is constant.. .The radio, press-censorship, standardized education and the secret police have altered everything. Mass suggestion is a science of the last twenty years, and we do not yet know how successful it will be" (Time, p. 54). Communism or any other form of totalitarian government uses its power to restrict dissent and makes every effort to . gain complete mastery over the people by propaganda, purges, and appeals to fear. Orwell knew this and believed that if man could be made afraid of some invisible force outside the Party, then the Party becomes the "protector" and Big Brother the god of salvation. People are able to be deceived into thinking that political salvation exists in a man or group able to organize chaos. Orwell suggests this is able to come about when peoples suffer a loss of identity: "They worshipped Stalin because they have lost their patriotism and their religious belief without losing their need for a god and a fatherland" (Oregon Commentator, Vol. I, No.5, Jan. 1, 1984, p. 1). Orwell saw yet another danger displayed through communism in his own attempt to have his writings published-the restriction of free speech and the manipultion of it. Freedom itself is threatened when on the British Labor Party (of which I am a supporter) but speech is stifled and if the people can no longer IV SHARI SCHOESSlER as a show-up of the perversions to which a centralized communicate privately the state's tyranny will be total. economy is liable and which have already been partly Orwell realized that words are dynamite and that the manipulation of speech could be every bit as deadly as the realized in Communism and Fascism. I do not believe that Here we have 1984, a year of marked importance. True, bearing of arms. His writings reminded all who would read the kind of society I describe necessarily will arrive, but I it is an election year displaying, once again, the and listen that in Germany, Hitler had risen to power believe (allowing, of course, for the fact that the book is a competition between party candidates for dominance in through persuasion; that Stalin had hidden massive crimes satire) that something resembling it could arrive" (Time, p. the political arena, and it is an Olympic year marking the through the haze of censure and railing speech. fourteenth annual convergence of over one hundred 52). In retrospect, when one examines the last forty years and For an advocate of plain speaking, Orwell was sorely nations to perform feats of athletic excellence. But 1984's misinterpreted. A recent National Review article supports fame is not restricted to these two events alone for it, too, contemplates the world as it is now, there is much to confirm Orwell's comprehension of the Communist threat this fact as even the government (USSR) which chose to marks a looking glass anniversary for Big Brother; a ban Orwell's book manipulated 1984's powerful context remembrance of things present and future in world poli- to liberty and his projection of the methods it would take to accomplish its ends. Orwell had experienced injustice and for their own use: "Don't think that just because 1984 is tics. banned in the USSR, the Soviets haven't taken its lessons, poverty and began to look for their causes. In Orwell's most . At first print, Orwell's book seemed to be the product of to heart. An article in the Soviet journal New Times calls successful book, Animal Farm, (a satiric allegory of a paranoid mind or a bleak horror story. But, Orwell had Stalinism) he expresses a great distrust and hatred for any the novel 'a grim warning precisely to bourgeois society, seen the backbone of Communistic power and its political bourgeois civilization, bourgeois democracy-in which, as form of totalitarianism in human activity. He places rape of the people. In 1949, he saw the beginnings of a (Orwell) feared, the poisonous roots of anti-humanism, all- totally controlled society in which a self-perpetuating elite special emphasis upon the danger of man losing the right to think for himself. Orwell's view of world dictatorships in devouring militarism, and oppression have today thrust up would be able to rule through terror and ideology. Orwell 984 was a warning to people that if present forces in the truly monstrous shoots.' Even Big Brother can cite Orwell recognized the conception of just such a monster and i world were extended to the final extreme, completely for his purpose" (National Review, Feb. 10, 1984). illustrated its threat eloquently in 1984. If 1984 is to become a household word suggesti ng some Orwell had planned on calling his "futuristic fable" The corrupt tyranny would result. Science would become a tool of domination rather than knowledge, and freedom would kind of inhuman totalitarian nightmare, let it be so. Orwell Last Man in Europe, but instead when his book was be defined as slavery. He felt that when people are never made suggestions about the atrocities of published, in June 1949; the name that appeared on its restricted in the right to think and act according to their Communism. In 1984, the nightmare of Communism is cover was Nineteen Eighty-Four. The novel was not meant conscience, freedom is limisted and slavery (to an still inhuman and the candor of Orwell's writings still stand to be a visionary of the loss of freedom people were to institution) is imminent. as witness of this. experience in the year 1984. It did not attempt to display Orwell saw plainly in Communism's beginning, its main the evils of a future government, but rather to expose the wrongs of an existing one-communism---and comment objective sought to de-humanize and exanimate individuals and to totally enslave them to an ideology. He Shari Schoessler is a Moscow resident. She holds a on the depth of corruption and control such an institution said: "The terrifying thing about the modern dictatorships Bachelor of Arts degree in English from Washington State could inflict upon people over the course of time. Orwell is that they are something entirely unprecedented. Their University. 'realized fully the impact that his writings could have upon human ideals. He steadfastly valued ideals over ideology end cannot be foreseen. In the past every tyranny Was sooner or later overthrown, or at least resisted, because of and felt his greatest objective was to remind people they could think for themselves at a time in this century when TMl& dU&'t iN", ~a KRat4\\.\ti humanity seemed to prefer taking marching orders. The RaPOR\S ~\ ~ ~o'J\a\MUi- government and press, too, were upset over the impact of &e.a\(\~G Orwell's writings could produce in public opinion. The tl\\&S\'-~.,~ I\. peAt.e.fU\. liberal and left-wing press refused to publish his work. He M\&&\QN Q'laR RU&S~ had to rely on the impact of his books and, fortunately, the K~ ~el \\\'f \N h\\~MR A. very power of his writings ensured that they would be read. KQR~~ A.\R\'\N~R -""' ..... What threat could Orwell have possibly posed to those 741 who came against him? 269 iU&Pac.\a~8P\e3. Orwell did not mince words and abhored the idea of ~~~ ttQ \aQSS OF SO~\e:r sacrificing truth for an ideology. In an age of mush- SU't iMe. f4\\&S\\.e. W~ mouthed equivocation, he revived the art qf plain speaking and direct writing. Furthermore, "he made it,l5busmess to ~ C.OMP\i.1"e. \.~,,, tell the truth at a time when many contemporaries believed that history had ordained the lie" (Time, Nov. 28, 1983, p.48). Despite its publ icity, 1984 was never meant to be an exercise in prediction. The date is immaterial, but the context of much importance. The novel is said to be prophetic of the year. But if prophetic, only in the manner in which it reveals the way the world is going and suggests the form Communism will take. In fact, Orwell said in attempting a note of clarification about the novel: "My recent novel is NOT intended as an attack on Socialism or McCarthyism· 30 Years Later . . tQO. It-!~"'NG ~e: ~~S\oe.~T. h11(.CU~O~ Seriate for derogating from the dignity of I>.~O t;OME On\E.R \o\IGI4OF'F'CIAL~ COOo;.PIRE.O BY JOHN O'MALLEY "T'O WORt<. AGj:>,I~o;.Til-lE C.OIl\MII.t-!OE]2.-1l-l- that body and for, if the truth be told, getting C\.\lc.f, ~\G"T, oPIO~ too close to an investigation of the Army. Time's glory is to calm contending kings, With Eisenhower's support, the victory over To unmask falsehood, and bring truth to Joe was assured. light. Far more important is the eponymous dis- -Shakespeare tinction of McCarthy: "McCarthyite" or This apocalyptic year, 1984, is the thir- "McCarthyism." Though Joe has been tieth anniversary of many celebrated events: called everything, including demagogue, Brown v. Board of Education, the fall of Dien patriot, zealot, anti-Semite (never true), Bien Phu, and the apex, and nadir, of the populist, etc.,etc., nothing has stuck, noth- career of Senator Joseph McCarthy. But, ing can be "verified" on point of fact. Every- there is little doubt that, at least in 1954, thing is imputed to him because of his crea- McCarthy, and the Army-McCarthy hear- tion of "McCarthyism," a genesis not truly ings, overshadowed every other social issue. due to McCarthy, since "McCarthyism," It was as if everything in America revolved functionally, is a game everyone can play. for a time about the hearings, and their pre- For example, during the Army-McCarthy sentation through radio and television. hearings a great deal was made of the David Oshinsky writes that "Millions of episode of the "Eleven memoranda," sup- Americans listened and watched on radio posedly forged by McCarthy's staff. Were and TV. During one week ... about two-thirds they? Yes. Relying upon the testimony of of the households with television sets were Willard Edwards, Oshinsky reports that the tuned into the hearings." Army knew the memoranda were forged privilege. Besides the nativism implicit in Democrats and Independents among its per- The hearings are of little importance since "they were responsive to memos that -- manent Fellows that Republicans), its siting their analysis, there is a reprehensible cast today. The man, Joe McCarthy, is little re- were forged by the Army." The information to it that defies logical dissection, especially as the future home of the Reagan Library membered; although the period from 1950- came from one of the Army's counsel! when one considers that their remarks, (the operative word in the whole battle is 1954 can, without too much demurral, be Did McCarthy get lambasted for asking mutatis mutandis, could be made about "Reagan"), and most importantly, its suc- considered the "McCarthy Age" in Ameri- "young patriots" to reveal information re- Oscar Romero of EI Salvador-except that cess as a place of scholarship. In true can politics. Much of what survives of his garding security matters in government? "McCarthy" fashion, they have attempted to the good man is dead. memory is the pejorative word, "McCar- Yes. But look at McCarthy's detractors. Closer to home, it is a noteworthy feature sully the motives, the funding, the associa- thyism," and, for the left and right, its usage Joseph Rauh, and The Washington Post, that academics, too, enjoy a good game of tions and the ends of a great institute, all for at the appropriate time. paid thousands of dollars to Paul Hughes McCarthyism. Not to mention the Mosher ideological reasons. May the Hoover survive; case at Stanford, that great institution has it probably will, for, as Professore Beichman also been the scene of a running battle states, "Get animal est mecbent, quand on against the Hoover Institution, with which it I'attaque, if se defend. " has a contractual relationship. A small Perhaps the whole idea of McCarthyism H••• 'McCarthyism, , functionally, guerilla band of professors has succeeded, can, at last, be attributed to the fact that a pley. " to some extent, in cowing the Stanford ad- certain people believe too much in them- is game everyone can ministration into appointing a permanent selves; as Chesterton warns, this exaggera- committee to look into the affairs of the tion leads to the madhouse. A r;,a~ too in- Hoover Institution, creating the impression fatuated with an idea, finds-that the idea has that something is wrong there. Arnold swallowed the man.:)! is a treacherous course: "I do not know the men I accuse. I and a Bill Decker to spy upon McCarthy and Beichman writes that the leftist-liberal in- But what, brietty.r of Joe McCarthy? As have never seen them. I have no resentment Cohn. Unfortunately, Mr. Hughes did not dictment against the Hoover contains three much made by his era, as a maker of the nor enmity toward thlfm .. for me t~ey~~re. work for McCarthy, Mr. Decker did not even points: "The Hoover Institution is a political times, his anti-Communist crusade was sub- merely entities, spirits of social evil." We exist. The Post, and Mr. Rauh, wishing to organization;" "Its ties to the Reagan ad- scribed to by a vast majority of Americans may permit lola this way of thinking, for his bury McCarthy, had been taken in by a con- ministration are extensive;" "It (therefore) who, for a decade, had been startled, be- cause was just. But in ordinary mortals, it is man, and had not reported the event until embroils Stanford in partisan politics." mused and horrified by both the House Com- dangerous and mendacious. All in all, called before a grand jury investigating Mr. Quoting Professor Alphonse Juillard: "the mittee on Un-American Activities, and the McCarthy had a noble cause and, if one Hughes. The Post and Rauh-guilty of allegations that Hoover is 'politicizing the cases of Fuchs, the Rosenbergs, and Alger wishes to impeach his methods, it at least McCarthyism! (By the bye, only Oshinsky, life of the university' ... come from the most Hiss, to name a few. Ourbomb had been sto- behooves the accuser to reflect if he, too, nor Rovere, Reeves, Adams, reports this political people on campus, who never len by the Russians; the Communists had has ends as honorable, beforehe~resorts to tragicomic episode.) Considering the adula- missed a single oportunity to politicize won in China; Korea caused the deaths of the means that he deplores. Senator McCar- tion accorded Ellsberg, by the liberal com- academic life." Beichman is surely correct more servicemen, and our eyes began to turn thy is now beyond concern for mortal prob- munity, isn't it time to become revisionist in his opinion that the reason for the liberal towards a little-known area- called Indo- lems; lets us say a requiem for McCar- about the McCarthy-Cohn legacy in these discomfort is due to the Hoover's reputation China. Earlier, the secret provisions of the as "conservative," (although it has more thyism. Yalta agreement were published: later, the matters? Amerasia affair and the involvement of And Ellsberg brings us up to the present. Owen Lattimore. Many Americans besides Isn't the real taint of McCarthyism the fact Joe McCarthy must have felt like the famous that he imputed improper motives to people, put a false construction on events? How Marine, "Chesty" Puller, in Korea, who said that "The enemy is in front of us, behind us, aboutthis? In a proper way, Raellsaacs, and to the left of us, and to the right of us. They the "60 Minutes" program have both inves- won't escape this time." McCarthy felt the tigated the contributions of the World Coun- same way and, through his Senate subcom- cil of Churches to revolutionary movements. Is it a valid inquiry? Undoubtedly. Well, the mittee, attempted to rout out those who had World Council of Churches wailed as loud as sided with the Communists. There is no doubt that McCarthy and his Drew Pearson did when Joe McCarthy kneed him in the groin, accusing the press of im- chief counsel, Roy Cohn, were not gentle men. There is also little doubt that they proper motives, obstruction of social justice accomplished little: no Communists unco- and, in true "McCarthy" fashion, talked un- vered, no enormous conspiracies unveiled ctuously about the "Morley Safers of this for the benefit of the viewing public. They world." Knowing a good thing when they see did, however, in a salutary way, prevent one, the World Council of Churches has of Americans from believing that Communism late been impugning the integrity of Ar- is just another "ism," and forced us, con- chbishop Obando y Bravo of Nicaragua be- trary to our usual isolationist habits, to gaze cause, rather myopically, he doesn't see the upon the rest of the world and to think, be- salvific effects of the Sandinista regime. Ac- times, how infinitely better it is to be free, cording to the World .Council of Churches, than to be "freed" by the Communists. the Archbishop's motivation is suspect: He wants a return to the days of Catholic In the end, M was censured the Detente, Culture and Ideology

surfaced. Senator Paula Hawkins (D-Fla.), the chairperson of the Senate Drug Enforcement Caucus, has been investigating this for years. She stated that, "the proof is undeniable: the Cuban government is financing terrorism by crippling America's children through narcotics trafficking." The evidence against Cuba has been collected and published by the Washin~on, D.C. based Cuban American National Foundation in a special report. It is a searing indictment of the Castro regime. And then we have KAL 007. Although they were.quite angered by the attack, civilian pilots and airline officials probably weren't too surprised by it. In 1978 a civilian airliner strayed into Soviet air space and it was forced down on a frozen lake near the Finnish border. Two people were killed, but it was a miracle that the casulty count wasn't much higher. But after KAL 007 the Soviet apologists in this country had a lot of explaining to do. Senator Alan Cranston, a former Democratic presidential candidate who had made the nuclear freeze issue the central theme of his campaign, rationalized away the incident as a result of superpower tensions. Unfortunately, that theory is detached from any factual basis. Soviet military aircraft have violated U.S. air space on a number of occasions. However, they are routinely met by U.S. Air Force intercepters and escorted out of our air space. Aeroflot, the smuggled into by the Irish Republican Army. airline run by the Soviet Union, is known for carrying BY DAVID BAKKEN Although this particular shipment didn't make it, the IRA surveilence equipment aboard its jets. These planes often and many other terrorist groups have received more detour from their approved flight routes and stray over In the last fifteen years many people in the Western weapons than they can use from their Soviet patrons. This Western military bases during sensitive weapons tests. Yet world have been pushing for closer ties with the Soviet is why terrorist groups don't attack in communist countries not one Soviet civilian or military aircraft has ever been Union. Intellectuals call for more cultural and trade ties, or against communist governments (the lone exception to fired on. Contrast that with the Soviet's "shoot first, ask on the assumption that such ties will somehow improve our this is when some Polish nationals held a Polish embassy questions later" policy and the fallacy of Senator relations. These people usually assume that our relations hostage a few years back). Cranston's argument and the Soviet's low regard for human have not been good in the last few decades because of The evidence shows clearly that the Soviet Union, life becomes clear. misunaerstandings between our peoples. Cultural, through its surrogate Bulgaria, was involved in the The Soviets had a lot of explaining to do after they shot academic; and economic exchanges are supposed to help assassination attempt of Pope John Paull! in 1981. In down the plane. They changed their story a number of times until the United States made public tapes of the bridge these misunderstandings. This notion is based on 1980 Mehmet Ali Agca, the convicted attacker, spent the naive assumption that the people of the Soviet Union months at the Hotel Vitosha in Sofia, Bulgaria, a haven for Soviet fighter pilot's radio communications while shooting have some say in the policies of their government. The terrorists, spies, and arms and drug smugglers. He was down the plane. Only then, when they had no choice, did harsh truth is exactly the opposite. Further, the Soviet given a forged Turkish passport that contained a fake they admit they shot it down. But even that blatant, Union is not a normal, moral member of the world commu- Turkish entry visa. Allca later spent months touring europe arrogant series of lies will not stop Western peaceniks from taking peaceful sounding Soviet propaganda at face value. nity. and North Africa first class with the passport. This cost an estimated $50,000, a sum well beyond his resources. Indeed, Lenin noted that "Pacifism and abstract Agca had five Bulgarian phone numbers in Rome in his propaganda in favor of peace are one of the means of pocket when he was arrested, one of them being unlisted. fooling the working class." He named two Bulgarianswho were with him in St. Peter's It would be nice if we could live in peace and harmony Square the day he shot the Pope, and he was able to with the Russian people and not have to spend much on describe their apartments in detail. national defense. Unfortunately, the Soviet government "It would be nice if we The Soviet Union is also involved in smuggling drugs does not feel obliged to confine its behavior within the into the West though its Bulgarian and~uban henchmen. bounds of what is internationally accepted as appropriate could live in peace and It has been known for many years that 'tne Bulgarians aid for a civilized nation. Until that changes, there can be no Turkish gangsters in smuggling drugs into Europe, and true "peaceful coexistence," and any illusions of it are very harmony with the recently much evidence of Cuban involvement has dangerous. Russian people and not 0KA1,EVER'f~ ft\OVE UP have to spend much on ONE! national defense. "

Soviet support of terrorism has been known for decades. No, there is not a master control room in the Kremlin where worldwide terrorist attacks are planned. But they do train, bankroll, and supply arms to a wide variety of terrorist groups. The USSR operates terrorist training camps in the Soviet Union, Eastern Europe, Libya, Syria, ami Lebanon. The first time they got caught red-handed . shipping arms to terrorists was in the fall of 1971. A shipment of four-and-a-half tons (166 crates) of sophisticated weapons was intercepted in Amsterdam's Schiphol airport. It came from Omnipol, the . Czechoslovokian armsjactory controlled by the KGB since the 1968 Soviet invasion, and was intended to be Matthew, Marx Luke and John Words and phrases are effective weapons. as he described it, of the peoples of EI Sal- phy is Marxist. In other words, a Marxist on them. In the hands of the unscrupulous, a noble vador (six years), Nicaragua (six months), analysis of poverty has been decked out in liberation has never come from the left, phrase can be dangerous. 'Liberation theol- and Guatemala (eighteen months). In God-words so that a nominally Christian and it never will. It does no good to postulate ogy' is a term that was coined about 20 years Guatemala he worked within the Guerilla population will more readily accept it. some unnamed Garden of Eden in Eastern ago by Gustavo Gutierrez, a Peruvian priest. Army of the Poor (EGP), a local guerilla The claims of 'liberation theology' to pro- Europe. Such places do not exist in the real Since that time it has become a major force movement. After he realized how wrong his vide genuine liberation fall short on two world. But the uneducated in Latin America don't know that. in latin American politics, and has certainly activities were, he arranged his own kidnap- counts. contributed to the turmoil in that region. ping because it was the safest way to escape First, its adherents display a naivety in Secondly, liberation theology fails as a liberation theology is a curious blend of from a violent revolutionary movement that matters historical that is genuinely mind- theology. A committed Marxist who uses the Christianity and which claims to frowns on its members leaving the group boggling. If there is one single outstanding language of Christianity is simply a wolf in speak for the poor. Father luis Pellecer, in- alive. He then called the press conference feature of the Marxist state, it is that it has to sheep's clothing. The sheep skin will disap- pear when the revolution is in place. volved with liberation theology for eight after laying low for four months. While it build walls to keep its people in. Why would years, described it as: caused quite a sensation in Central Ameri- people consistently run away from such lib- Unfortunately, many naive Christians have gone along with this Marxist seduction the introduction of the poor to a new Jesus ca, our media virtually ignored the story. eration? Because it isn't liberation. Re- of Christian theology. Such Christians may Christ, a Jesus totally different from that of It should go without saying that Christian- fugees, unlike leftist ideologues, know the Gospels or the chateiism used in prepar- ity's contribution to the theology has been where true liberty exists, and that is the di- be sincere, but sincerity is not good enough. ing for the First Communion. It is a rebelli- largely rhetorical, while the basic philoso- rection they go when 'liberation' is imposed They may love the poor with their hearts, but ous Jesus, a Jesus opposed to the capitalist the deception of their minds does great system, a revolutionary Jesus, a Jesus who is harm to the objects of their sympathy. Liberation theology claims to occupy the a partial or exclusive God, a God of the poor, a God soley and exclusively devoted to the moral high ground in speaking for the poor. salvation of the poor, the needy, the desti- When conservatives confront such thinking, tute, and forever banishing the rich, the they must not grant the premise and then powerful, those at the head of government, disagree. Root and branch, the sentiment from all possibility of salvation. that Marxism offers liberation to the poor must be. denied. Socialism is the in- Father Pellecer's story is an enlightening case study that gives insights into how liber- stitutionalization of poverty. Communism is the imposition of poverty by military force. ation theology works in practice. He held a press conference September 3D, 1981 in To compromise with such forces is to betray the poor. Guatemala City to explain how he had been It isa fact of lifethatthereare no free Mar- "bewitched into choosing a life of violence" xist states. It is a fact that Marxism has im- and to beg his fellow Guatemalans for for- giveness. Pellecer holds degrees in theol- poverished nations wherever it has been tried. It is a fact that thousands flee 'libera- ogy, communications, philosophy, civil en- gineering, and the humanities. He told how tion: and many die in the process. Adhe- rents of liberation theology may choose to ig- he and other Jesuits had been 'indoctri- nore such facts, but they are taking a serious nated' with MarxIst-Leninist ideology during risk. Facts have a way of coming back to their university years. He then spent eight years in the 'direct and indirect subversion,' haunt you.

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N. 134 Grand Ave. Downtown PuUman E. 9618 - 1st Ave., Spokane (509) 924-2440 334-1117 The World Haunting Sp~ . . ble." Likewise, the 1959 program of the BY ROBIN COLLINS League of Communists of Yugoslavia claims that Yugoslavian communists are fighting " ... on two fronts----against both (Soviet and "A specter is haunting Europe-the spec- Chinese) forms of revision ofthe basic scien- ter of communism" against which "all the - tific principles of socialism laid down by powers of Europe have entered into a holy a1- Marx, Engles, and Lenin." Indeed, differ- liance (in order) to exorcise" it. ences in interpretation of these three men Thus began the Communist Manifesto of have been a major cause of feuds between 1848, written by Karl Marx and Friedrich the various communist parties in the world, Engles. Today, over 130 years later, this including the ongoing feud between Yugos- specter has become a reality which has cap- lavia, Red China, and the Soviet Union. tivated over one-third of the world's popula- Hence, their works could be considered the tion and threatens all of western civilization. communist Bible. For this reason, the fol- What is communism? How should we deal lowing explication of the philosophy of com- with it? These are questions of utmost im- munism will rely heavily on the writings of portance for us today. Many people think Marx, Engles, and Lenin. (Francis Lee, that communism is merely another Communist Eschatology, pp. 9-11) economic system-merely another life- The fundamental idea that is behind Mar- style. Communism is much more than that. xism-Leninism is the class struggle. As Communism is a philosophy which attempts stated in the Communist Manifesto of to explain all of life, and which has a revolu- 1848, the communists believe that "The tionary zeal behind it that is almost unparal- history of all hitherto existing society is the leled in human history. In the words of the history of class struggles." These struggles famous Russian dissident and writer Alek- were between the oppressor and the oppres- sandr Solzhenitsyn: "Communism is a force sed, who "stood in constant opposition to such as the world has never known ... it is one another" and "carried on an uninter- anti-human and even metaphysical: Its very rupted, now hidden, now open fight, a fight defects, absurdities, and failures tend to that each time ended either in a revolutio- strengthen it the more." ("Three Key Mo- nary reconstruction of society at large or in ments In Japanese History," National Re- the common ruin of the contending class- view, Dec. 9, 1983, p. 1538). es." (manifesto) To understand what communism is and Thus, for the Marxist, history is propelled how we should deal with it, however, it is es- by class struggles. The classes which par- sential that we understand the philosophy ticipate in these struggles are determined by' that underlies communism. For as Sol- the means of production. Therefore, the op- zehnitsyn stated in the articl-e cited above: pressed class and the oppressing class "In order to understand communism, there throughout history change as the means of is no need to ascribe particular significance production change. The communists be- to its 'national modifications.' The focus lieve, however, that history can be divided should rather be on the ideology itself and its into five stages defined by the oppressed 135-year history." (p. 1540) and oppressing classes: 1) primitive com- sequently, capitalism must preceed com- cerning their beliefs. Their arrogance, along The philosophy that underlies com- munism; 2) slavery; 3) feudalism; 4) munism. (Winsbury, Communism, p.17). with their belief that "history is on their side," makes communism one of the most munism (also known as Marxism-Le~inism) capitalism; and 5) communism. Stage two was a slave society in which was developed by Karl Marx and Friedrich Under primitive communism, so the story slaves toiled for the profit of their masters. potent, and dangerous, forces in the world Engles in the middle part of the nineteenth goes, everything was held in common and Likewise, stage three was a serf society in today. century and later by -first there was no private property. This stage, al- which serfs toiled for the profit of their lords. The communist's view of history underlies leader of the USSR-in the first quarter of though superficially similar to the com- Similarly, stage four is a capitalistic society their beliefs concerning every facet of life: . the twentieth century. Today, communist munist's ultimate goal, stage five, lacks the in which the employees, the proletariat, toil morality, the state, the family, religion, etc . parties everywhere always appeal to Marx, accumulation of wealth which would allow for the profit of their employers, the For example, the communists believe that Engles and Lenin as their final authorities. the communist's motto "from each accord- bourgeoisie. (Winsbury, p. 17) there are no absolute moral truths. Rather, For example, the 1966 edition of the ing to his ability, to each according to his In all of these stages, the Marxist divides they believe that our moral beliefs are thoughts of Mao-Tse-Tung (first leader of need" to be realized. This accumulation of the society into the "exploited" and the "ex- merely the product of the class strug- Red China) states that "the theory of Marx, wealth can only occur, according to the com- ploiters." Moreover, the class struggle be- gle ... and hence to be discarded. As Engles stated in Anti-Diihring (1878): "We main- Engles, and Lenin ... is universally applica- munists, in stage four, capitalism. Con- tween the exploited and the exploiters eve- ntually causes society to rise to the next tain ... that all former moral theories are the stage-for example, from capitalism to product, in the last analysis, of the communism. The process by which economic stage which society has reached societies move from one stage to the next, at a particular epoch. And as society has known as the dialectic, is for the communist hitherto moved in class antagonisms, moral- one of the inexorable laws of history. These ity has always been a class morality; it has laws of history, moreover, are based on the either justified the domination of the ruling very dialectical laws that they believe govern class, or, as soon as the oppressed class has "almighty" matter. This is why Marxism is become strong enough, it has represented often referred to as "dialectical the revolt against this domination and the materialism. " future interests of the oppressed." Finally, in stage five---communism, all Because the communists believe that class divisions are abolished and a true there are no absolute moral principles, but classless society emerges. Thus, according rather only class morality, they reject moral to the believers, communism is the final principles-such as the dignity of the stage in the development of human society, human being, mercy, kindness, right to life since the inevitable process propelling of the individual, the belief that peace is human society from one stage to the next, better than war, etC.-that we take for the class struggle, has been eliminated. granted in the western world. These are The Marxists claim their theory of history merely considered bourgeois morality, espe- is the only scientific theory of history, be- cially when such moral principles come into cause according to them, it is based uponan conflict with their goal of spreading world empirical analysis of history and certain communism. dialectical laws which they believe govern For example, in a letter dated Oct. 23, history. This belief that the communist phi- 1846, Engles mentioned how some of the losophy is the only scientific theory of his- followers of GrOn had challenged him to tory___:_andthe only scientific philosophy- state the explicit nature of communism. "I makes many communists very arrogant con- have covered no more," he wrote, "than the iecter of CODlDlunisDl

is immoral is what does not serve their inter- Indeed, the ruthless way communists are for the sake of man, for the benefit of man" est. As Lenin stated in his address The Tasks trained to act toward the non-communist will be fully realized. As stated in the 1961 Of the Youth Leagues (1920), "We do not world is the major reason why communism New Party Program, "Under communism believe in eternally valid axioms of morality, sets an all-time high for losing people there will be a new man, who will combine and we shall expose this deceit. Communist through disillusionment. From a multitute spiritual wealth with moral purity and phys- morality is congruent to the struggle for the of reports by former communists, a common ical perfections, and who will have a high dictatorship of the proletariat ... From this element emerges: most of these people communist consciousness, including dis- point of view, only those acts are moral joined the communist party thinking that by cipline and devotion to society's interests." which contribute to the building of a new supporting the party they could hasten the (cited in Lee, p. 378) For, "A really human communist society." (cited in Lee, p. 374; coming of a better world. They implicitly had morality which transcends class an- emphasis mine) faith in the party's humanitarian aims. What tagonisms and their legacies in thought be- This theory of morality explains why the many of them did not fully realize was that comes possible only at a stage of society communists have been so brutal throughout the communists are utopians, not which has not only overcome class con- their l30-year history. The communists be- humanitarians. A humanitarian believes in tradictions but has even forgotten them in lieve that it is not only permissible to steal, the intrinsic worth of every individual human practical life ... " (Engles, Anti-Duhring). kill, and torture, it is morally obligatory if being-he does not merely lump all human Such a utopian "fantasy world" flows such acts will spread communism. To show beings together into a mass. On the other from the communist's belief that man is to- any type of mercy, kindness, or compassion hand, a utopian believes that human beings tally a product of society. They hold that toward a non-communist (or perhaps even are expendable if necessary in order to bring man is merely aphysical being conditioned communist) opponent is to compromise about their future utopian society, which, in by the environment around him. Change the with "capitalistic" morality. The capitalists, the case of the communists, is the com- environment and man will change corres- claim the communists, propound such munist society. (Overstreet, pp. 42-45) pondingly. Religion and all such belief sys- tems which hold that man consists of more moral principles in order to oppress the Supposedly, in this communist society than jusLmatter, that man has a spiritual working class. there will be friendship and brotherhood side to his nature for example, are held by People in the western world tend to view among all people. Moreover, the party slo- the communists from their western moral gans "from each according to his ability, to Continued on page 12 framework. They believe that if we make each accordingto his need" and "everything goodwill gestures toward the communists, the communists will reciprocate. ,After GIll, the communists are human-they have ba- sically the same moral feelings we have, they want peace as much as we want it. ..they are just trying to reform their coun- tries. This is a totally incorrect view of com- munism. We must understand that the com- munists do not hold the same values as we do. To them, the values we hold are merely bourgeois values. Indeed, communists throughout the world are trained not to be ...F1J~ttm., touched by feelings of compassion, kind- ~lD.mt6 particular point at issue and, by positing ness, and mercy ... all in the name of the rev- ~A community of good, ruled out peacableness, olution. In Cambodia, for instance, com- PATHOLOQICAL tenderness or compassion toward the munist leaders Pol Pot and Leng Sary ~SSlON"ITH bourgeoisie." (Harry Overstreet, What We "trained their young recruits on cruel ARMAMENTO! Must Know About Communism, p. 49, em- games" such as "tormenting animals (dogs, phasis mine) This type of hatred for the cats, monkeys, and geckos)" in order that bourgeoisie. runs through the writings of "they would end up as soldiers with a love of both Marx and Engles. killing and consequently of war." (Norodorn Thus, because of their belief in a relativis- Sihanouk, War and Hope, p. 29) This same tic moral system, what is moral for the com- technique was used in Germany to train Hi- munists is what serves their interests. What tler's Storm Troopers. An open letter to Jane Fonda forced to listen to recordings of your prop- the Siberian gas pipeline. Eight hundred Dear Ms. Fonda: and Japan, men. who were guilty of these America hasn't heard much about your kind of crimes were tried and executed." Mr. aganda broadcasts (this was probably worse thousand Vietnamese have also fled the political activities lately. I guess you've Edward Hunter, a former ass psychologi- than the physical torture). Of course, when country in boats, and another eight hundred thousand have died in the process or been helping your radical husband, Tom Hayden cal warfare specialist during World War II, the paws came home after the war and told of Chicago Seven fame, in his political life. testified to a congressional committee that of being tortured, you denounced them as imprisoned for attempting to flee. Today Vietnam has the fourth largest army in the In fact, not many of today's college students the effect of your broadcasts on American "hypocrites and liars." It's no wonder that many veterans (including myself) refuse to know what you have done for your country. military morale was "bad to devastating." world and has been occupying part of Cam- see any of your movies. bodia for years. And your Khmer Rouge pals You were very active in the movement You also had quite an effect on the Ameri- Your pals from Hanoi did manage to con- against the Vietnam wars and hung around can paws, whom you insisted were being took over in Cambodia about the same time with the "I hate America" crowd, back in the treated humanely. Captain John McCain, quer South Vietnam, and the results have Saigon fell. In four years they committed a days when it was quite chic and fashionable USN, was a POW for six years. When you been tragic. Hundreds of thousands of Viet- genocide that killed one third of their coun- to do so. But you took the cake in July, came to Hanoi, he was told he would be namese have been interned in "re-educa- try (as many as 3 million people). 1972, when you visited North Vietnam, a taken to meet "an American actress who is tion camps" for showing the slightest sign of Yet through all of this you have remained silent. Where are you now, Jane Fonda, country with which we were at war. You for peace." He refused, knowingthatany ac- dissent. Mr. Dang To, a student here at made a series of broadcasts to American ser- tress would not tell the truth at home. Be- Washington State University, was in one of when the people of Southeast Asia are in these camps from 1975 until 1978, when vicemen over Radio Hanoi, and condemned cause of this, he was confined to a cubicle five such misery? And where are the liberal ac- he escaped. He said they were "worse than the United States while finding North Viet- feet long and two feet wide for four months tivists of your generation who professed to Hitler's concentration camps," and feels care so very much? nam blameless. You even went as far as stat- that summer. He was also beaten and lucky to have gotten out alive (few people ing over Radio Hanoi that American military starved. officers were "war criminals according to in- Many other paws were subject to similar do). Many prisoners from the camps were Sincerely, sent to the Soviet Union to do slave labor on ternationallaw, and in the past, in Germany abuse as a result of your visit. They were also Dave Bakken Communism (cont.)

Continued from page 11 hence be seen as adopting bourgeios ideol- ogy. As Lenin stated: "Since there can be no the Marxist to be bourgeois beliefs which are talk of an independent ideology being de- used to oppress the masses. Hence, why veloped by the masses of workers in the pro- Karl Marx referred to religion as the opiate of cess of their movement, the only choice is: the masses... and why· every communist either bourgeiosie or socialist ideology. country throughout the world has made a There is no middle course ... Hence, to belit- concerted attempt to wnte out religion using tle socialist ideology in anyway, to deviate the most brutal means at their disposal: from it in the slightest degree,' means Because the communists believe tht man strengthening bourgeios ideology." (Lenin, is totally conditioned by society, they delude themselves into thinking that by changing Selected Works, Vol. II, p. 53) Thus, for the communist, there is no third the society surrounding man, man himself ideology; there is only burgeois ideology or will change into a perfect, moral being. They socialist ideology. assert, contrary to all human experience, There are many instances in which com- that without the relentless hatred between munist leaders have been purged from the the bourgeois and proletariat-a hatred they communist partY for compromising with constantly stir up to hasten the revolution- bourgeois ideology. For example, the Ameri- would not come the usual fruits of hatred, can Communists Jay Lovestone (1929), Earl but rather a classless society in which men Browder (1946-head of the American live at peace. Talk about believing the im- Communists), and (1957- possible! editor of the Daily Worker) were all branded To achieve this communist "utopia," the revisionists and forthwith purged from the communists work to violently overthrow, by party (Overstreet, pp. 61-63). whatever means, the existing non-com- More recently" ... in Italy, the shaky com- munist society. In the words of Karl Marx: munist government has come under severe, "In short, the communists everywhere sup- often violent attack by radical and terrorist society" (Lenin). port every revolutionary movement against Nicaragua, the communists are the major communists as a bourgeoise accomoda- The incredible contradiction in the com- the existing social and political order of hindrance to the country ever becoming tion-an attack culminating in the spring of munist's method is that human history dem- things ... The communists disdain to conceal "democratic" and just, for they oppose any 1978 in the kidnapping and assassination onstrates that dictatorships do not result in their views and aims. They openly declare such moves in that direction. Moreover, they continue stirring up discontent by taking ad- the disappearance of the very instrumen- vantage of "every petty event" (Lenin). This talities of power, the withering away of the keeps the viscious circle of bloodshed going state, as the communists require. Rather, in these countries and partly explains, yet out of the "dictatorship of the proletariat" does not justify, the use of such harsh and should come the usual fruits of unrestricted brutal measures against the communists by power. the government of EI Salvador. Today, many people never consider the After the overthrow of the existing communist's ideology when discussing how capitalistic state, a transition government we should deal with them. Instead, as between capitalism and true communism, pointed out by Erik Kuehnelt-Leddihn in called the "dictatorship of the proletariat" Naitonal Review, Feb. 10, 1984, they pride (or socialism) is established. The purpose of themselves in their realism and pay little at- the dictatorship of the proletariat is to tention to ideologies and their powers to smash the bourgious state by eliminating all motivate people. Hitler is a good example. private property, bringing all commerce He believed, much like the communists, under socialistic control, re-educating the that he was destined by history to establish population in communist ideology, abolish- Aryan rule throughout the world. Indeed, in ing religion, etc. The dictatorship of the-pro- Mein Kampf, Hitler laid out his basic philos- letariat is, of course, the dictatorship of the ophy and his plan of expansion years before communist party. As seen earlier, any he attempted to carry it out. Yet, very few means necessary may be used to bringabout people outside of Germany took him seri- the communist society, for they do not have ously. -- any moral principles to keep them from Unfortunately, the western world still that their ends can be attained only by the of Christian Democratic leader Aldo Moro, a using the most gruesome techniques holds much the same attitude toward com- forcible overthrow of all existing social con- former premier who might have become against anybody who opposes them. After munism as it did toward nazism. And much ditions" (Manifesto). president." (Evelyn Geller, Communism, all, "only those acts are moral which con- like we were shocked to hear about the One of the ways of forcibly overthrowing End of a Monolith?, p. 5). tribute to the building of a new communist slaughter of over six million Jews in Nazi "all existing social conditions" is through Hence, for the Marxist mere reform is not instilling hatred in the masses against the good enough ... they demand the total over- upper class. The communists " ... never throw of society. The communists ada- cease, for a single instance to instill into the mently oppose mere reform because they working class the clearest possible recogni- believe that mere reform will only serve to tion of the hostile antagonisms between decrease the discontent of the masses and bourgeoisie and proletariat" (Manifesto). thereby postpone the revolution. The professional revolutionary, according to We should be aware of this extreme posi- Lenin, must move constantly among the tion taken by the communists throughout people " ... to take advantage of every petty the world. We should not be fooled into event ... to explain to all the world the histo- thinking, for example, that the communists rial significance of the struggle for the in Nicaragua or El Salvador merely want re- emancipation of the proletariat." (Lenin, form. Rather, assuming that they are true Selected Works, Vol. II, p. 53,1943) communists (which there is no reason to be- The jobofthe revolutionary, then, is to put lieve that they are not), they would be radi- Marxist-Leninist philosophy under the spon- cally opposed to any group of people wanting taneous protest movement of the workers, so mere reform. Indeed, these people would be that, instead of being satisfied with specific the greatest threat to revolution, for the revo- economic gains, the workers will demand lution requires that the working class recog- the "forcible overthrow of all existing social nize the " ... irreconcilable antagonism ... to conditions. " the whole of modern political and social con- Indeed, to want anything less than the ditions," not merely develop a "trade union complete overthrow of capitalistic society consciousness" (lenin, Selected Works, p. "So despite that high pressure from Europe and the warming trend in Washington as things heat up for November, that cold front from Moscow will keep stalling over Geneva and try to rain on (including all of its insitutions, even eventu- 53). • Reagan's parade...... ally the family) is to be a revisionist ... and Hence, for countries like EI Salvador and Germany ... we are shocked when the Soviet Union mercilessly shoots down a jetliner containing over two hundred innocent IIWe will bury you." people. History demonstrates that the com- munists have indeed followed their ideology Those are the words of former So You Want very closely. Their brutality, totally consis- Soviet Premier Nikita Krushchev to tent with their ideology, is well documented: President John F. Kennedy. They over 20 million Soviet citizens lost their lives summarize the ultimate goal of com- ToBeA at the hands of the communists in the Soviet munism-world conquest. Union, and over 30 million people in China Other communist leaders have Journalist? last their lives in the Political Liquidation stated it differently through the years. Campaigns of 1949-1958 alone-and But their goal has ever remained the today the Soviet Union is practicing pitiless same. Some of their comments: genocide on the Afghan people, while China has been mercilessly killing the people of Karl Marx Scholarships are now available for youthful journalists at the National Journalism Tibet...and the list goes on. • "Communists openly declare Center in Washington. D.C. Yet people still delude themselves that thattheir ends can be attained only by The NJC. established in 1977 to help correct imbalance in the media. trains young perhaps the communists have the forcible overthrow of all existing people in the basic skills of journalism. within a context of traditional values. changed ... perhaps they really aren't that social conditions." bad. But, as Aleksandr Solzhenitzyn warned V.I. Lenin Highlights of the program include: in his address The Three Key Moments In • "We stand for permanent revolu- Japanese History, ..... all present day com- tion." * Location on Capitol Hill munists are descended from the 1848 com- • As long as capitalism and * Three 12-week sessions annually (summer. fall. winter] munist Manifesto of Marx and Engles, and socialism exist, we cannot live in * Practical experience with newspapers. magazines. columnists. even those among us today who cloak them- peace. In the end one or the other wi II news services selves in European attire remain, in the most triumph-a funeral dirge will be sung * $1.200 scholarship fundamental aspirations.jfirmly committed either over the Soviet Republic or over * Assistance with housing location to the Marxist principle that violence is the world capitalism." * Seminars with working journalists. public officials primary means of attaining and retaining power." (p. 1540) . • "Can the capitalists be forced out * Job placement services This analysis especially holds true for the and the roots of capitalism be annihi- Soviet Union. Although it might be true that lated without a bitter class struggle? . If you are interested in pursuing a career in journalism and would like further the leaders of the Soviet Union no longer be- No, it is impossible." information about the NJC, contact M. Stanton Evans. National Journalism Center. 401 lieve in Marxism-Leninism (the vast majority Nikita Krushchev "C" Street. N.E.. Suite 301. Washington. D.C. 20002. Phone: 202-546-1710. of the Soviet people do not believe in it), • "We will bury you." ..... it makes no difference whether they (the • "I can prophesy that your grand-

leaders) believe in it or not: locked into rigid children will live under socialism." Directors: Ralph Bennett (Reader's Digest). M. Stanton Evans (Los Angeles Times communist behavior patterns, they act fully Leonid Brezhnev Syndicate). Allan Ryskind (Human Events) in accordance with Marxist formulations in • "We are achieving with detente their foreign, internal, administrative, and what our predecessors have been un- economic policies. Communists may well able to achieve using the mailed introduce changes into their public image, first ... By 1985 we will have consoli- but they never abandon their ultimate goal dated our position. We will have im- (Solzhenitzyn). " proved our economy. And a decisive And what is their ultimate goal? Their ulti- sh itt in the correlation of forces wi II be mate goal was made very clear by probably such that, come 1985, we will be able the leading expert on Soviet affairs in the to exert our will whenever we need world, Soviet defector Arkady Schevhcenko. to." In Newsweek, Sept. 19, 1983, shortly after Yuri Andropov UNIVERSITY the Korean airline massacre, he stated: "I • "We know full well that the im- want to stress that there is no disagreement perialists will never meet one's plea PRINTING among Soviet leaders=-either political or for peace. It can be upheld only by re- military-as far as the Kremlin's ultimate lying on the invincible might of the and Copying goals. They believe in the inevitable-if eve- Soviet armed forces." ntual-victory of Soviet-Style socialism." Shevchenko was the highest ranking Soviet Jane Fonda diplomat to defect to the United States. He "I would think if you understood See us for was a protege of Andrei Gromyko and had what communism was, you would all you: served as under secretary-general for the hope, you would pray on your knees Soviet Union at the United Nations. Hence, that we would someday become com- INVITATIONS he has an insider's view of Soviet policymak- munists." FLYERS ing-in other words, his opinion carries "I am a socialist, I think we should POSTERS weight. He defected in 1978 with the help strive towards a socialist society-all of the CIA. the way to communism." LETTERHEADS Concerning how we should deal with the & Soviet Union, Schevchenko had this to say: "Exchange between Washington and Mos- BUSINESS CARDS cow must continue, but there is an old and phrased consessions. It cannot." Nobody Does It Better! still true lesson in such exchanges that the Many people have called Reagan's state- West must not forget: what the men in the ment that the Soviet Union is an "evil em- Kremlin understand best is military might, pire" naive. But, considering the ideology energetic political determination, and and the past history that lies behind the strength of will. If the West cannot meet the Soviet Union, are not these people, who GRAFFIC Soviet stance with equal determination, the quickly forget the nature of world com- Kremlin will continue to bully it." It looks munism when the Soviet Union makes some DESIGNS like President Reagan knows the correct pretended goodwill gesture, the ones that method of dealing with the Soviet Union! are truly naive? It appears then that the people who have Does not the United States, as a super- LETTERHEAD actually lived under communism and under- power, have the moral obligation to people stand its ideology agree: the only way to stop throughout the world to stop the spread of LOGO communism is with iron resolution. " ... we communism? If we had taken our obligation should be giving our support," warned Sol- seriously after World War II, the people in BUSINESS CARD zhenitsyn, "to everyone who offers resis- Eastern Europe would not at present be en- tance to the pestilence of world com- slaved under communism. Are we, because N. 134 Grand Ave. Downtown munism .... Any compromise with com- of our naivete and lack of vigilance, going to Pullman munism spells disaster .... It is a fatal illu- condemn millions of people more to slavery sion to suppose that communism can be re- or anihilation? To do so would be to act in ex- 334-1117 strained by gentle treatment or elegantly treme selfishness. Publick Occurrences is going in the .._--__----~------IIiIIII--IliiRIGHT Direction ..IiiiiII~---. How should the U.S. deal ATTENTION EYE GLASS WEARERS! J with the Soviet Union? 50% OFF Any Frames I I an accurate data base regarding the number In Stock I BY W. BRUCE WEINROD of Soviet troops in Eastern Europe and ade- I quate verification of balanced reductions With this coupon only! I AND MANFRED HAMM through on-site inspection; and agreement I on limited confidence-building measures at I The death of Soviet leader Yuri Andropov the Conference on Security and Disarma- Dr. Arthur B. Sachs Optometrist I and the assumption of power by Konstatin ment in Europe talks in Stockholm. Chernenko present both a challenge and an • Consideration of a meeting between I E. 337 Main St., Pullman, WA 509-334-3300 I opportunity to the United States. The chal- President Reagan and the new Soviet lenge is to maintain a steady course in U.S. leadership. This, of course, would require 1 substantial advance preparation, and a site Expires March 30, 1984 cash value 112o¢ • policy toward the Soviets despite the temp- I tation to make preemptive concessions to in the United States, or at least outside the obtain what might appear as a friendly Soviet Union, and no preemptive U.S. con- ..._------_ .._,--_..1 Soviet response. The opportunity is -to be cessions. ~*******.***********.************************ flexible and creative enough to present the '~ Bring trus coupon to the Moscow Army Navy store * Soviets, at a time when reassessment of : before 3-31-84 and get: : U.S.-Soviet policy is possible, a chance to ~ * take actions that would end their prolonged policy paralysis and reflexive rejection of Western initiatives and begin the process of reducing the tensions which they have OFF ~ helped to create. i 15% There are certain things the United States : any regularly priced item in stock. : should not do: it should not be overly eager ~ * to seek sweeping new agreements or under- : "WHY PAY MORE?" : standings with the Soviets. Nor should there be "halts" or "pauses" in U.S. defense measures which have been undertaken in re- ~: ************ **********'**: ponse to Soviet actions. For example, de- ployment of Pershing and cruise missiles in Chernenko Western Europe should proceed on In turn, the Soviets could signal their in- schedule-until the Soviets agree to reduce ~ ARMY NAVY ~ tentions to lower tensions by: or eliminate their intermediate range ballis- • Muting anti-U.S. bombast and tic missiles. Finally, until there is concrete threatening rhetoric by Soviet spokesmen : *************206 S. Main, Downtown , Moscow,************:882·4305 * evidence to justify it, there should be no and in official publications. ~ Bours:9 am to 6 pm Monday thru Saturday *' euphoric talk about a possible change of • Making significant human rights ges- heart in the Kremlin or the "dawn of a new ~If***'****-*****************************,*,*****t tures such as freeing imprisoned dissidents, era" in U.S. Soviet relations. relaxing emigration restrictions, and remov- However, there is in face an opportunity In 1888, we made a promise ... ing obstacles to the mutual East-West flow during times of transition and new leader- of information. THE NORTHWESTERN MUTUAL WAY ship for changes in nation-state relation- • Joining talks to allow full independence ships. The current Soviet transition is no ex- for Afghanistan. The ambition of The Northwestern has been less to be ception. While the Reagan Administration large than to be safe; its aim is to rank first in benefits • Restraining Cuban and other proxy already has demonstrated considerable flex- to policyowners rather than first in size, Valuing forces destabilizing Third World nations. ibility and innovation, it should seize the in- quality above quantity, it has preferred to secure its • Complying in letter and spirit with exist- itiative and reiterate those solid proposals it business under certain salutary restrictions and ing treaties and agreements. has made for improved relations with Mos- limitations rather than to write a much larger business • Eliminating support for terrorist ac- cow that would ease world tension. These in- at the possible sacrifice of those valuable points which tivities. clude: have made The Northwestern pre-eminently the The Soviet record of recent years and Mos- policyowner's Company, cow's blanket rejection of Reagan arms re- Executive Committee - 1888 duction and tension-lowering initiatives in part might have been the result of policy In 1984, we're still keeping it. paralysis caused by Brezhnev's and An- dropov's long illnesses. As such, the Reagan

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Formerly he was with the Seattle Post In- - BY BRUCE HAWKINS telligencer, as graphics editor. Before that he served as executive editor of the Meridith Americans hold widely diversified, yet newspapers in the silicon valley of Califor- strong opinions of their news media. Some, nia, he also owned the Tacoma Review, and often accused of attacking the 'bearer of bad before that, back in the "dark ages" 15 news, ' view the American news media with years ago, he was editor of the Pullman speculation, suspicion, and often times Herald. rage. Others, accused of being naive, view After he left the White House, Richard the news media from an assured, trusting Nixon said the press was headed toward an and benighted perspective. The following era of lost credibility. Do you think he was professors provide differing viewpoints of correct? today's American news media. Hagner: Public opinion polls seem to The following professors provide a brief show that while the public certainly utilizes look at differing viewpoints of today's Ameri- the media, especially television, and that can news media. they tend to take what is on television as gos- Associate professor Paul Hagner received pel. But when you ask them about reporters his Bachelors degree from the University of and news executives they tend to have a Michigan and his Masters and Ph.D. from rather dim opinion about them ... 1 don't Indiana University. Hagner's Doctorate is in think that was a result of Watergate. Political Behavior and Methodology. Hilliard: The press has faced a problem of He has written numerous articles which have appeared in Western Political Quar- credibility. I think, probably, the credibility question had been there for some time. It terly, Journal of Politics and Journalism doesn't panic me, it tells me we need to work Quarterly, to name a few. carefully, honestly and directly. I think he Hagner has also co-authored a book, and (Nixon) was lashing out as part of his final is working on another with WSU Political days of office. Yet it's of significant note that Science professor John Pierce called The Dynamics of Public Opinion. even the Time magazine cover last De- cember was about the sins of the press. The Robert Hilliard received his Bachelors de- newspapers that have been doing a good job gree from Northwest Nazarene College in have always been doinga good job, and have Idaho. He finished his Masters Degree in Communication from the University of not been damaged unduly. I still stand by the credibility of the industry. California at Berkeley. Does the news media cover news accu- Hilliard has an extensive background in rately? journalism and is now an instructor of jour- nalism here at WSU. Hagner: They get the facts usually cor- Bob Hilliard

rect, but if theytell only one-fifthieth of the notion of objectivity isjusta myth. However, story I'm not sure if that is accurate. By and I think it's fair to say that television and print large the media does accurately present in- journalists try to be objective. formation, but it's inadequately presented. Hilliard:Good journalists try to be. Every- Hilliard: Well, if you ask a newsman that, body can't be all the time, because we all you're going to get a newsman's answer: cer- have our built in biases. But a good jour- tainly. I have no need to qualify further. I nalist will acknowledge his bias and ask for a think we do the job right .: release from a story, or if he feels it's a story What are the basic responsibilities of the that he should proceed with, he will con- press? How well do journalists meet these sciously work around his bias, and try to responsibilities? keep his story objective. Hagner: The pragmatic responsibility of Is objectivity in news reporting possible? the reporter is to produce news copy which Hagner: No, it's not possible. They (the will in turn produce profits for the owner of media) try to be objective, according to their the news media. If you're talking about a definition of objectivity, but I believe that moral responsibility ... that type of thing, gets them into trouble. It allows them to be then it gets into an ethical question. If the manipulated by politicians. citizen indeed has a right to know, then the Hilliard: Yes, it's just as easy to be objec- moral responsibility of the reporter is to give tive, difficult to do, but it's just as easy for a the citizen as much detailed information as journalist to be objective about what he is they can in order for the citizen to reach a de- doing as it is for a historian to be objective cision on a specific subject. But again, that about history. We all read whatever we're is an ethical consideration and it is not the reading or approach whatever we're doing driving force of the news business. with our own set of biases, or with our own Hilliard: Number one is to inform. background reading into the situation. Number two is to pass on understanding, Through training, a good journalist can be and that's more than just information; what objective in coming to a topic. are we really saying here, and how does it af- Is objectivity a worthy goal to be striven fect my life? Then you get into some of the for? secondary areas, entertainment... to Hagner: No, because it's basically impos- guide ... sible. If what the reporters are covering is Are journalists objective in reporting? neutral; if they were just covering events Hagner: Nobody can be objective. Once which had no value in them at all, in other you select an item out, once you focus a words they were not staged or designed to be camera on one thing as opposed to another, manipulative, then that ideal would be very Paul Hagner you have a selection process going, so the Continued on page 16 Don't Quit News Media

think that is a real problem. We have be- Continued from page 15 come a society that has turned toward the Is that electronic media for news. Even the leaders in thinking in the electronic media say them- what you selves, don't turn towards us for insightful nice. But the fact is, especially in politics information. Even those people say you you do not cover things which are neutral, can't get it from the electronic media. want to do? you cover things which are designed to be Does the present philosophy of the press manipulative. aI/ow politicians manipulate the newS in Quit? Hilliard: Yes, it's our cardinal goal, that is to their favor? the one we have to strain for, and it's the one Hagner: Yes, again it goes back to the no- Anybody can we have to remind ourselves of almost every tion of objectivity. The notion that we are day. just covering what politicians do. But the do that. What, if anything, should people keep in fact is, politicians are much more sophisti- mind as they watch or read the news? cated, the press falls right into the politi- Hagner: The background forthatwould be Takes no talent. cians' hands, and the press becomes much that the biggest change that has come across more of a tool than they were in the past. politics in the last twenty years. The sub- Takes no guts. Hilliard: I would say that sometimes the jects of news coverage understand the press gets manipulated. I don't know that media a lot more now. They are much more the philosophy is as much at fault as the It's exactly sophisticated in using the media, and mechanics of the press. It did not take politi- thereby, what they start doing is staging cians, the national-level politicians, very what your their actions to maximize coverage in the long to discover that by playing to a certain news media. These are called 'pseudo set of rules they could play the press like a adversaries events'. So one thing people should be violin. We are easily played when someone thinking about is, was this event simply set masters the basic concepts. Knowing how to up to manipulate public opinion? hope break a story at deadline time, knowing how Another thing is the use of press releases. to use an innuendo at a moment when it you will do. There is a new book out which studied a couple of elections in New Jersey. It looked can't be checked, and the rush to get some- thing into print ... and we do get used. at the press releases released by the candi- Get your What, if any, is the difference between dates for office, then looked at the news truth and the news? stories the next day. They found out that 70 Hagner: Everything. Everybody has their facts straight. to 80 percent of the news stories were sim- own perception of truth. Reality isn't impor- ply rewritten press releases, and about 20 tant, what you convince people of what real- Know what percent were the press release verbatim. Hilliard: Good question. I thinkthe thing a ity is, is important. So when you say, what is the difference between truth and news, it you're talking lot of people need to keep in mind is that the editors down at the local paper are putting could be everything, but the difference is re- together that story, or that piece of informa- ally not that, it's what people come to be- about. -- lieve is true, that is what is important. tion, for the widest possible consumption. Hilliard: There is a difference between This is the area where a lot of people get off And keep going. truth and news. News is that which has hap- track when they start accusing the press of pened. Truth may be a perspective as to a lack of objectivity or truncating stories and In the 1948 things like that. They fail to analyze the what that news even was. Generally there is the surface report, then there is the report other side of this thing, that newspapers are Presidential election, in business to provide the maximum amount that reaches in and really tells you what is of information for the maximum number of going on. My term for it is perspective; tell me how it affects human life or us. Get that the nation's leading people. Newspapers must be edited for piece of news into proper perspecive, then readers and not for empirical research. It's you have truth ... usually. different, and that is not very well under- political reporters The "Vietnam syndrome" is a residue left stood in society. over after that war; a belief that U. S. foreign If there was one thing you could change all predicted policy can't be such as to help other coun- about the press, what would it be? tries avoid communist intervention within Hagner: Oh... ummm ... one thing won't do Harry Truman their own respective borders. it ... ummm. It's complicated because the Does the Vietnam syndrome affect cover- press is how it is because of its economic age of applications of U.S. foreign policy, would lose. basis. Many of the problems of the press e.g., Grenada or Lebanon? stem from that. I guess in terms of that I Hagner: Vietnam was certainly a dramatic He won. would say the staff of newspapers should be failure of American policy. You have to re- increased two-fold. Because right now one member that it was only ten years age, so of the bigget problems is, reporters have to Winston Churchill something of that magnitude certainly is turn around stories so fast it makes them going to affect subsequent U.S. policy, as more likely to use press releases, because said, well as news coverage of U.S. foreign excur- they are easily turned into stories. But that sions. won't happen because it's not cost effective "Never give in." Hilliard: Yes, I think that probably there is for newspapers. an element in there. I think the American Hiliard: As an editor I would naturally like people are reading these skirmishes going "Never. Never." to see greater comprehension written into on in so many countries right now. What are my stories. I would like to see the newspa- there? Something like 40 wars going on in Sir Winston stuck pers handle complex stories in a way that the world atthis point. And within that group would make them more understandable. the American public, based on what in part his chin out Too often we get the inequities of the writer came out of the Vietnam era is saying, let ending up writing a story that only he and a foreign or let internal struggles remain inter- select few others can understand. Or some- and wouldn't quit. nal struggles with other people. I think the times the story is underwritten, so it boils press, certainly on its editorial pages, as complex issues down to simple blacks and Try sticking out kind of a national trend, has been expound- whites. your chin. If you had one other thing you could ing that same line. As far .as news col- change, what would it be? umns ... 1think you see a bit ofthat reflected Hagner: One other thing is that the press because that question continues to come Don't give up. should be less objective than they are trying back from the public. "Why are we involved to be. So when they are being manipulated here?" is a legitimate question for a news- Ever. they should incorporate that into the story. man to be asking, both at the scene of the action and at the State Department level. Hilliard: Get more people into reading. I The politics of fear and the mourning after DEATH BY ABORTION IS AGONY!

At six weeks, the fetus recoils in pain if pricked with a pin. Yet, pro·abortionists have fought against a bill to anesthetize the fetus. WHY? Anesthetizing the fetus may cause people to think about abortion. We have laws protecting cattle from care- less slaughter. Stray dogs and cats must be vironmenta! Task Force. killed in humane ways. The explanation is RICHARD GLENN HARRIS, JR. Who is paying for all this, you ask? Well, in a way, you are. The money you pay for in Ser- simple. Abortion is a 1.5 billion dollar busl- vice and Activities Fees goes to support Helen Caldicott. Not a name that many of groups like the A.W.S. and others, who re- ness that kills 1.5 million babies a year. us are familiar with. Nuclear War. A theme turn the favor by bringing people Iike Dr. Cal- that all of us are aware of and (hopefully) all dicott here to speak. But, why not bring of us are concerned with. Physicians for So- another person to speak who is in opposition cial Responsibility. An organization that she to Dr. Caldicott's views? Because, when represents. Ms. Caldicott is coming to the groups like S.A.N.E. and A.W.S. say that University to speak on the dangers of Nucle- they are concerned with our right to know, ar Annihilation, as she sees them. Arid when they ask only one person representing there, my friends, lies the rub. Ms. Caldicott one opinion to address the campus, they is a member of that exclusive group that I only want us to know so much. Rather Orwel- like to call the ABC club. A: nuclear war isn't Iian, isn't it? very nice. Why? Because, B: it kills things, War is peace. Paul's Pawn UNIVERSITY like people and stuff. So, what to do about Freedom is slavery. it? C: disarmament of course!! But what Disarmament is security. about the Russians, you ask? Well, you People like Dr. Caldicott are practitioners Shop PRINTING know, SOMEONE has to take the first step, of the art of fear. By scaring people and man- and Copying and maybe if we disarm first, the Russians ipulating their justified concerns about nu- will disarm too. Such pap is the stuff forfairy clear destruction, they hope that the public Offering a wide tales. Now, back to the real world. will clamor for a different disarmament pol- Dr. Caldicott will come here ostensively to icy, perhaps one that has a nuclear freeze as selection at great prices! Nothing speak upon the medical consequences of a its final objective. full-scale nuclear attack. She will present All that aside, what concerns me the most can match the • 35 MM Cameras & the worst possible scenario that can be en- is that my right to know all sides of an issue quality of our visioned, and she will wax eloquently upon is being violated. By not compensating Equipment the need to stop what people of her bend equally a speaker whose views are divergent • Guns OFFSET term 'this nuclear madness!' Will she speak from Dr. Caldicott's, students are being • Stereo Equipment about deterrence? No. Will she tell her cheated of an opportunity to sensibly debate PRINTING Spellbound (and frightened) audience that it the issue. All issues that are pertinent to the • Gold & Diamond is because of our policy of deterrence that students of this University should be treated Jewelry the worst, as she sees it, hasn't occurred? Of in this manner. I don't care if a speaker from • Guitars and other COurse not. Why should she? Why, that the Conservative Caucus came and spoke Musical Instruments Would mean a two-sided, impartial, fair ex- about the nuclear issue. It would only be change. And we just can't have that now, right, in that case as well, to have a speaker • Tools can we? Scare 'em to death and ram the with an opposite viewpoint. Nuclear was • Need Money for the rnessage down their throats is the game plan isn't a liberal or conservative issue. It is an Weekend? We give for people of Dr. Caldicott's bend. issue of life. It might interest you to know that this visi- loans. The chasm that separates the ideaology of tation by Dr. Caldicott is not being funded by communism from that of our own is glaringly sorne secret Red organization on campus. apparent in this issue of Publick Occur- Bring in this ad and Rather. Dr. Caldicott's visit is being com- ences. While two-thirds of the world's in- pensated by a rather well-known Red organi- get 25% OFF habitants live under communistic regimes, anything (except guns!) zation, The Association of Women Students. we here in this country enjoy freedoms un- My friends in the organization will forgive me known to most of the earth. When dissidents for lambasting them with such a distinction, are censored for their atternpts to enlighten but they must admit that they have an unbri- their people, we take the right to know all dled tradition of bringing people here to facets of an issue as God-given. It is this last Jackson N. 134 Grand Ave. speak that are way out in left field. Gloria 209 S. statement 'that sets the tone for this com- Downtown Pullman Steinam, Angela Davis, et.· al, However, it Downtown Moscow mentary. While we may decry the loss of isn't just to give the A.W:S. all of the credit. freedom abroad, if we are not careful, we Dr. Caldicott's visit is also sponsored byor- 334-1117 could lose it at home, here at this very Uni- 509-882-3032 ganizations such as SAN.E. and the En- versity. Political power grows out of the barrel of a War can only be abolished through war, and Communism is the most subtle of all evils, Have you noticed that life, real honest to gun. in order to get rid of the gun, it is necessary because its appeal is made in the name of goodness life, with murders and catas- MAO TSE-TUNG to take up the gun. freedom, and it marches under the banners trophes and fabulous inheritances happens MAO TSE-TUNG of Freedom. Its appeal is to the masses, Even more important than winning the elec- almost exclusively in the newspapers? whom it promises to deliver from their tion is governing the nation. That is the test Communism has sometimes succeeded as a JEAN ANOUILH chains. It speaks in the name of enlarged op- of political party-the add final test. scavenger, but never as a lead,er. It has never portunity and increased security. It is, in re- ADLAI STEVENSON come to power in any country that was not Nowher-e else can one find so miscellane- ality, none of these. The immediate purpose Acceptance Speech, disrupted by war or internal corruption or ous, so various, an amount of knowledge as of Communism is the complete control of Democratic National Convention, both. is contained in a good newspaper. the individual in the name of the state. Its July 26, 1952 JOHN F. KENNEDY, HENRY WARD BEECHER ultimate aim is world domination. Beneath Address, Let us not seek the Republican Answer or Proverbs from Plymouth Pulpit, 1887 its mask are concealed the secret police, North Atlantic Treaty Organization, the Democratic Answer; but the right an- If people have no word for something either slave labor, and the concentration camp. July 3, 1963 swer. Let us not seek to fix the blame for the W.L. MACKENZIE KING it does not matter to them or it matters too In dealing with the Communists, remember past. Let us accept our responsibility for the much to talk about. future. EDGAR Z. FRIEDENBERG that in their mind what is secret is serious, Far from being a classless society, Com- JOHN F. KENNEDY "Adolescence, " and what is public is merely propaganda. munism is governed by an elite as steadfast Address, The Vanishing Adolescent, 1959 CHARLES E. BOHLEN in its determination to maintain its preroga- Loyola College Alumni Banquet, tives as any oligarchy known to history. Balitmore, Md., Feb. 18, 1958 What is a communist? One who hath yearn- ROBERT F. KENNEDY Words are really a mask. They rarely express the true meaning; in fact they tend to hide it. ings/For equal division of unequal earnings. "Berlin East and West," Journalism is popular, but it is popular HERMANN HESSE EBENEZER ELUOn The Pursuit of Justice, 1964 "Epigram," mainly as fiction. Life is one world, and life quoted in Miguel Serrano's seen in the newspapers another. C. G. Jung and Hermann Hesse, 1966 Poetic Works, 1840 Religion is the sign of the oppressed crea- G.K. CHESTERTON Man does not live by words alone, despite If the Communists wouldn't organize dem- ture, the sentiment of a heartless world, and the fact that sometimes he has to eat them. onstrations, it wouldn't be necessary for the the soul of the soulless condition. It is the If it's far away, it's news; but if it's close at ADLAI STEVENSON police to break them up. 'opium of the people. home, it's sociology. Speech JIMMY SIMPSON KARL MARX JAMES RESTON Denver, Col., Sept. 5,1952 Mayor of Toronto Wall StreetJournal, May 27, 1963

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home again." punishment. They took us to old picked up on the black market. For 20 BY MICHAEL WADE Dang, who was one of those who regis- minefields. Instead of looking for mines ounces of gold the fisherman took two tered, was permanently enrolled in a 're- themselves, they had us cut down trees on members to an uninhabited island each Hope. day. With them they brought gas, food and education' camp. the land." He said he was often thrown in Some of us hope for good weather for "We had the idea that every other prison a small box and chained for months for 'not supplies. Two hundred and ten hours later next weekend's ski trip. Others hope for they found themselves on the shore of in the world was heaven. I wished I would working hard' after going days without good luck during finals. And then there are be a pigor a cow. The punishment very very food. Malasia; ready, willing and able to begin a those who hope that Dad wi II buy them that terrible. You hungry all the time. You can- But Dang says he was able to get the last new life. shiny new Datsun. not sleep. You had to work too hard without laugh out of his relationship with the com- The refugees presented a few copies of a For Dang To and Long Trinh, hope is a food." munists. In 1978, hundreds ofthousands newspaper written in Vietnamese, printed word that strikes deep. Dang said the second time they were of Vietnamese began fleeing to the ocean in California and distributed throughout At the ages of 34 and 32 respectively, asked to register they were immediately to escape tyranny. Dang and Long, travel- the world. Dang and Long are living apart from their loaded onto trucks and shipped into re- ing separately, were two who made it out of "We are today's Jews," Long said. "We homeland, South Vietnam, and learning to mote areas of North and South Vietnam. Vietnam alive. are scattered everywhere." adapt to a new culture. KhangChien, which translated means Their families remain in a misery- 'to fight and resist,' is circulated by Viet- plagued portion of earth known as South- namese to unify their race and update east Asia, who feel fortunate that at least subscribers on activity by Freedom Fight- part of their families were able to escape ers in Vietnam. While their past is a long the communist presence that terrorizes one, and the profoundness of their experi- the area. ences deep, their story is far from over. When asked if he might someday return Dang says he is presently agonizing over to a freed Vietnam, Dang's reply was short whether or not he will return to his home- on words but long on content land. "I hope :;0," "That's a good question. I have to fight With flat round faces, thick black hair, in my mind. In America, my life is very heavy accents and boyish eyes that have safe. My future is very bright. I can get seen happier days, their every move and married, buy a house, have a good life. If I feature speaks of another culture go back, I have to live in the forest with the thousands of miles away. Freedom Fighters." "People are almost blind before they To Dang, a return to his homeland would have an experience with communism," mean an extremely shortened lifespan. "If Long said. "A lot of people didn't under- I go back, that means I accept 95 percent stand why the American people were there. death. If that idea lose, I stay. My mind They understand why now, and I think al- still fighting. I have a father there. I have a most all of them appreciate it." sister there. I have a brother there. I have Dang, who presided over a 120-man neighbors, friends and relatives there. unit during the war, said it was hard to tell After having to sneak out of their own country, Dang To and Long Trinh are rather narrow- When I think of them, I'm very unhappy." exactly what the South Vietnamese minded about communism: "Trusting a communist is analogous to committing suicide. " The two are able to communicate with thought of the American presence, but their relatives through the mail, but only on added that he was indifferent to it at the a limited basis. "A month's salary of a "Trusting a communist is analogous to "It is very difficult to escape from Viet- time. professor here pay for postage for four let- nam," Long said. "About 300,000 people "I could understand that they had a committing suicide." ters in Vietnam," Long said. "They limit die in the ocean. Fifty percent did not reason to be there. They wanted to stop The ex-prisoner said the purpose of the freedom by raising cost of everything." make it. If you see one Vietnamese here, communism. But I didn't really care 'camps' was to get free labor from people Dang said the most important thing he you can know that one died in the whether or not the U.S. was there. If they they would otherwise have killed. "They could emphasize is "people trying to make wanted to kill us, but not without first get- ocean." stay, okay. If they go, that okay too." communism look okay. You know, Red bet- ting something out of us." On plotting the escape for himself and Long said it was in 1975 the people ter than dead." What stood out most about Dang and 29 others, Dang says it was 'the best job of found out how miserable communism is. "After long years you do that, and the Long was the seriousness with which they my life.' "When the communists took over, life got communists win, you are the one they will Because he had been a soldier in the very, very bad." remembered their past. To listen to them kill. The people who tried to make com- South Vietnamese Army, getting caught All army officers and civi I servants of the was to leave behind the topics that might munism look good in Vietnam all went to even planning the escape would have old government were asked to register. entangle Americans into a raging debate. prison." Dang and Long probably aren't too con- meant death for Dang. He proudly explains "They told us on the radio that since the Why? that his moves were slow and calculated: 'imperialistic Americans' had been de- cerned about the federal deficit, the infla- "They were for human rights." "It take six months to plan escape. I carry feated, we could live together as brothers. tion rate, baby seals, Cabbage Patch Dolls "Many, many people die for us to have 40 sleeping pills witn me, in case I get After all, we were the same race." or Boy George. the chance to live in America," Long said. When asked if he saw many people die in caught." Long said that those who began to re- "It is our responsibility to say something. In Vietnam, it is illegal for three or more gister were rewarded and allowed to live in prison, Dang looked down at his folded To let you know the truth." peace-for the next few weeks. "As more hands. "A lot ... a lot." people to gather together. They were a and more people began to register, the rest "I don't know how many die where I was group of 30. It is illegal to have more than of the people decided it must be a good at. When guy's situation get bad enough, . 20 liters of gas. They needed 2,000. It is thing, so everyone registered with the gov- they just ship him to another place." impoSSible to buy a map or compass. And Dang is presently co-authormg a fictional ernment. Out of the 15,000 people in the prison, then there is the matter of getting a boat. account of his experiences in Vietnam to After considering a number of alterna- "Three weeks after they first tell us to Dang said he saw about 200 die before he be called The Flower Still Grows... register, they told us to come register escaped. tives, Dang decided to buy the services of again. This time we never allowed to see "A lot of the reason we were there was a fisherman. The map and compass they •..ANDNUl ONE SINGLB 'HORD WIT GMFEMn!: PIlO-AlQITION ANTI-NUKE WHALE-LO'flN(j UNEMPLO'ffiD . UNIONIZED NUDISTS ...!