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An Introduction to the Old Testament: Second Edition 0310263417_intro_ot.qxp 10/10/06 11:46 AM Page 1 0310263417_intro_ot.qxp 10/10/06 11:46 AM Page 2 031020755X_relation_fm.qxp 9/8/06 2:21 PM Page 1 This page is intentionally left blank 0310263417_intro_ot.qxp 10/10/06 11:46 AM Page 3 = SECOND EDITION + 0310263417_intro_ot.qxp 10/10/06 11:46 AM Page 4 An Introduction to the Old Testament Copyright © 1994, 2006 by Tremper Longman III and Raymond B. Dillard All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. By payment of the required fees, you have been granted the non-exclusive, non-transferable right to access and read the text of this e-book on-screen. No part of this text may be reproduced, transmitted, down loaded, decompiled, reverse engineered, or stored in or introduced into any information storage and retrieval system, in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereinafter invented, without the express written permission of Zondervan. AER Edition January 2009 ISBN: 978-0-310-53963-6 Requests for information should be addressed to: Zondervan, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49530 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Longman, Tremper. An introduction to the Old Testament / Tremper Longman and Raymond B. Dillard.—Rev. ed. p. cm. Rev. ed. of: An introduction to the Old Testament / Raymond B. Dillard and Tremper Longman. c1994. Includes bibliographical references and indexes. ISBN-13: 978-0-310-26341-8 ISBN-10: 0-310-26341-7 1. Bible. O.T.—Introductions. I. Dillard, Raymond B., d. 1993. II. Dillard, Raymond B., d. 1993. Introduction to the Old Testament. III. Title. BS1140.3.L66 2007 221.6’1—dc22 2006005249 All Scripture quotations, unless otherwise indicated, are taken from the Holy Bible, Today’s New International Version®. TNIV®. Copyright © 2002, 2004 by International Bible Society. Used by permission of Zondervan. All rights reserved. Scripture quotations marked NIV are taken from the Holy Bible: New International Version®. NIV®. Copyright © 1973, 1978, 1984 by International Bible Society. Used by permission of Zondervan. All rights reserved. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, or any other—except for brief quotations in printed reviews, without the prior permission of the publisher. 06070809101112•212019181716151413121110987654321 0310263417_intro_ot.qxp 10/10/06 11:46 AM Page 5 = + Contents Preface to the Second Edition . 7 Abbreviations . 9 1. Introduction. 13 2. Genesis. 38 3. Exodus . 63 4. Leviticus . 81 5. Numbers . 92 6. Deuteronomy. 102 7. Joshua. 120 8. Judges. 133 9. Ruth . 144 10. Samuel . 151 11. Kings . 167 12. Chronicles . 190 13. Ezra-Nehemiah. 202 14. Esther . 213 15. Job . 224 16. Psalms . 237 17. Proverbs. 265 18. Ecclesiastes . 278 19. Song of Songs. 289 20. Isaiah . 301 21. Jeremiah. 321 22. Lamentations. 342 23. Ezekiel . 354 24. Daniel. 371 25. Hosea . 397 26. Joel . 409 27. Amos . 420 28. Obadiah . 435 29. Jonah . 443 0310263417_intro_ot.qxp 10/10/06 11:46 AM Page 6 30. Micah . 449 31. Nahum . 456 32. Habakkuk. 463 33. Zephaniah . 470 34. Haggai . 477 35. Zechariah . 484 36. Malachi . 496 Scripture Index . 503 Name Index . 520 Subject Index . 526 About the Publisher . 529 Share Your Thoughts . 530 0310263417_intro_ot.qxp 10/10/06 11:46 AM Page 7 = + Preface to the Second Edition In one sense, it seems like only yesterday that Ray Dillard and I were laboring together to finish the first edition of this Introduction to the Old Testament. In another sense, many years have passed and a new edition is certainly necessary. The preface to the first edition describes the great joy and sadness that I felt when the Introduction made its first appearance. The sadness was the result of the relatively recent death of my mentor, co-worker, and friend, Ray Dillard, who never saw the book in final form. Working on the revision over the past couple of years has reminded me afresh of Ray’s able mind and wonderful com- munication skills. He is still deeply missed as a close friend. I also missed his help in revising the book! Since writing the first edition of the book, I have made a move from West- minster Theological Seminary to Westmont College in Santa Barbara. Even so, I continue to get ample opportunity to teach classes at various seminaries in North America and occasionally abroad. I enjoy teaching at a college for a change of pace, but I am very glad to continue teaching on a graduate level, particularly since this textbook is directed primarily toward a seminary audience. When Ray and I wrote the first edition, his three sons and my three sons were still at home. Now all six are grown and out of the house, pursuing their own dreams. I am very proud of my three sons—Tremper, Tim, and Andrew— as well as my daughter-in-law, Jill, Tremper’s wife, and my first granddaughter, Gabrielle. And I know that Ray would be very proud of his children. This sec- ond edition, like the first, remains dedicated to my wife, Alice, and Ray’s widow, Ann. Tremper Longman III Robert H. Gundry Professor of Biblical Studies Westmont College 7 0310263417_intro_ot.qxp 10/10/06 11:46 AM Page 2 031020755X_relation_fm.qxp 9/8/06 2:21 PM Page 1 This page is intentionally left blank 0310263417_intro_ot.qxp 10/10/06 11:46 AM Page 9 = + Abbreviations AB Anchor Bible AJSL American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literature AnBiB Analecta Biblica ANET Ancient Near Eastern Texts, 3rd ed., ed. J. B. Pritchard (Princeton, 1969) ANETS Ancient Near Eastern Texts and Studies AS Assyriological Studies (Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago) ASTI Annual of the Swedish Theological Institute ATANT Abhandlungen zur Theologie des Alten and Neuen Testaments ATD Das Alte Testament Deutsch AUSS Andrews University Seminary Studies BA Biblical Archaeologist BAR Biblical Archaeological Review BASOR Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research BBB Bonner biblische Beiträge BCOTWP Baker Commentary on the Old Testament Wisdom and Psalms BETL Bibliotheca Ephemeridum Theologicarum Lovaniensium BHS Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia Bib Biblica BibRes Biblical Research BibSac Bibliotheca Sacra BJRL Bulletin of the John Rylands Library BJS Brown Judaic Studies BKAT Biblischer Kommentar: Altes Testament BN Biblische Notizen BS Bibliotheca Sacra 9 0310263417_intro_ot.qxp 10/10/06 11:46 AM Page 10 = 10 AN INTRODUCTION TO THE OLD TESTAMENT BSC Bible Student’s Commentary BST Basel Studies of Theology BTB Biblical Theology Bulletin BWANT Beiträge zur Wissenschaft vom Alten und Neuen Testa- ment BZ Biblische Zeitschrift BZAW Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft CAT Commentaire de l’Ancien Testament CBC Cambridge Bible Commentary CBOTS Coniectanea Biblica Old Testament Series CBQ Catholic Biblical Quarterly CBQMS Catholic Biblical Quarterly Monograph Series CC Continental Commentaries CEB Commentaire Evangélique de la Bible CTM Concordia Theological Monthly CTR Criswell Theological Review CurrTM Currents in Theology and Missions DH Deuteronomic (or Deuteronomistic) History DOTHB Dictionary of the Old Testament: Historical Books, IVP Bible Dictionary Series DOTP Dictionary of the Old Testament: Pentateuch, IVP Bible Dictionary Series DSB Daily Study Bible EBC Expositor’s Bible Commentary EphTL Ephemerides Theologicae Lovanienses ETRel Études Théologiques et Religieuses EvQ Evangelical Quarterly EvTh Evangelische Theologie ExpTim Expository Times FCI Foundations of Contemporary Interpretation Series FOTL Forms of Old Testament Literature Series FRLANT Forschungen zur Religion und Literatur des Alten und Neuen Testaments FTS Frankfurter theologische Studien GraceTJ Grace Theological Journal HAR Hebrew Annual Review HAT Handbuch zum Alten Testament HCOT Historical Commentary on the Old Testament HKAT Handkommentar zum Alten Testament HS Hebrew Studies HSM Harvard Semitic Monograph Series HTR Harvard Theological Review 0310263417_intro_ot.qxp 10/10/06 11:46 AM Page 11 ABBREVIATIONS 11 + HUCA Hebrew Union College Annual IB Interpreter’s Bible ICC International Critical Commentary IDBSup Interpreter’s Dictionary of the Bible, Supplementary Volume IEJ Israel Exploration Journal Interp Interpretation (journal) Interp Interpretation: A Bible Commentary for Teaching and Preaching IOT Introduction to the Old Testament R. K. Harrison (Eerdmans, 1969) E. J. Young (Eerdmans, 1958) IOTS Introduction to the Old Testament as Scripture, B. S. Childs ITC International Theological Commentary JAOS Journal of the American Oriental Society JBL Journal of Biblical Literature JBR Journal of Bibles and Religion JETS Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society JJS Journal of Jewish Studies JNES Journal of Near Eastern Studies JNWSL Journal of North West Semitic Languages JPS Jewish Publication Society JR Journal of Religion JSOT Journal for the Study of the Old Testament JSOTS Journal for the Study of the Old Testament Supplements JSS Journal of Semitic Studies JTS Journal of Theological Studies KAT Kommentar zum Alten Testament LTQ Lexington Theological Quarterly LXX The Septuagint MGWJ Monatsschrift für Geschichte und Wissenschaft des Judentums MT Masoretic Text NAC New American Commentary NCB New Century Bible NIB New Interpreter’s Bible NIBCOT New International Bible Commentary, Old Testament NICOT New International Commentary on the Old Testament NIVAC The NIV Application Commentary OSt Ostkirchliche Studien OTE Old Testament Essays (Journal of the Old Testament Society of South Africa)
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