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Die Inselkelten Und Ihre Hunde“ DIPLOMARBEIT Titel der Diplomarbeit „Die Inselkelten und ihre Hunde“ Verfasserin Petra Frischauf angestrebter akademischer Grad Magistra (Mag.) Wien, 05.06.2014 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt: A 057 327 Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt: Individuelles Diplomstudium Keltologie Betreuer: Univ.-Ass. Dr. Aaron Griffith 1 Abstract - Deutsch Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, welchen Status Hunde von der Bronzezeit bis hin zum Mittelalter auf den britischen Inseln hatten. Dabei spielen neue Erkenntnisse zur Domestizierung des Wolfes eine wichtige Rolle. Es werden die unterschiedlichsten Quellen ausgewertet, die Aufschluss über das Leben mit den Kaniden geben: schriftliche Quellen antiker und zeitgenössischer Autoren, wie gesetzliche Bestimmungen aus dem Frühmittelalter, bieten interessante Einblicke zu den bei den Inselkelten verbreiteten Hundetypen und über das Zusammenleben von Mensch und Hund. Bei den archäologischen Quellen konzentriert sich diese Arbeit auf jene Fundstellen, die Hundeknochen in Verbindung mit menschlichen Überresten enthalten. Mittels kulturwissenschaftlichen Ansätzen wird das Verhältnis der Spezien zueinander gedeutet. Auszüge der Ikonographie zeigen, dass Hunde in der Religion als auch im damaligen Alltag eine bestimmte Wertigkeit hatten. Das meiste Material findet sich jedoch in der Mythologie, da sich viele Geschichten um diese Tiere ranken. Aufgrund von Eigennamen lässt sich eine gewisse Affinität zu den Hunden nachweisen. Auch erhält man durch diese Quellen einen Einblick in die vergangenen Glaubensvorstellungen der Inselkelten. Zusammengefasst, vermitteln uns all diese Quellen einen Überblick zum Stellenwert und der Verwendung von Hunden in der Kultur der Inselkelten. Abstract - Englisch This thesis explores the role dogs played among the Celts on the British Isles from Bronze Age to the Middle Ages. New insights regarding the domestication of wolves are therefore relevant. Various sources which give information about life with dogs are evaluated: written texts from the ancient and medieval periods, including law texts, offer interesting clues about various types of dogs among the Insular Celts, as well as about their life together with humans. This thesis focuses on those archaeological finds in which human and dog bones are found together, the meaning of which must be interpreted. Examples of iconography show that dogs were important in religion and day-to-day life. The greatest amount of material is found in the mythology, since many stories contain this animal as a character. A certain affinity to dogs can also be demonstrated through personal names . Taken together, these sources give a overview of what kind of significance or use dogs had in the culture of the Celts. 2 Inhaltsverzeichnis Einleitung ............................................................................................................................... 6 1.1 Einführung – wer waren die Kelten .................................................................................. 7 1.2 Keltische Archäologie auf den britischen Inseln .............................................................. 8 1.3 Neolithikum ...................................................................................................................... 8 1.4 Spätbronzezeit ................................................................................................................... 9 1.5 Eisenzeit .......................................................................................................................... 10 1.6 Römische Kaiserzeit ....................................................................................................... 11 1.7 Frühmittelalter ................................................................................................................ 12 Wolf – Mensch – Hund Beziehung .................................................................................... 13 2.1 Paläolithikum .................................................................................................................. 13 2.2 Neolithikum .................................................................................................................... 14 2.3 Zeittafel zur Entwicklung des Hundes ............................................................................ 16 2.4 Vom Hauswolf zum Haushund ....................................................................................... 17 2.4.1 Anfänge ............................................................................................................. 17 2.4.2 Einteilung der Kaniden ..................................................................................... 21 2.5 Die Rassenbildung des Hundes ....................................................................................... 25 Schriftliche Quellen ............................................................................................................ 32 3.1 Antike Quellen ................................................................................................................ 32 3.2 Frühmittelalterliche Quellen aus Schottland ................................................................... 37 3.3 Frühmittelalterliche Quellen aus Irland .......................................................................... 39 3.3.1 Early Irish Law ................................................................................................. 40 3.3.2 Wachhunde........................................................................................................ 40 3.3.3 Jagdhunde ......................................................................................................... 42 3.3.4 Hütehunde ......................................................................................................... 43 3.3.5 Haus- u. Schoßhunde ........................................................................................ 44 3.3.6 Angriffe und Verletzungen durch Hunde gegen Personen ................................ 44 3.3.7 Angriffe gegen Viehbestand ............................................................................. 47 3.3.8 Hundekrankheiten ............................................................................................. 49 3.3.9 Verbotenes Fleisch ............................................................................................ 50 3.4 Frühmittelalterliche Quellen aus Wales .......................................................................... 50 3 Archäologische Quellen ...................................................................................................... 52 4.1 Neolithische Fundstellen ................................................................................................. 53 4.2 Bronzezeitlichen Fundstellen .......................................................................................... 53 4.3 Eisenzeitliche Fundstellen .............................................................................................. 53 4.4 Römisch-britannisches Zeitalter ..................................................................................... 57 4.5 Mittelalter ........................................................................................................................ 60 Ikonographische Quellen ................................................................................................... 61 5.1 Münzen ........................................................................................................................... 62 5.2 Steinreliefs ...................................................................................................................... 63 5.3 Bildsteine ........................................................................................................................ 66 5.4 Mosaike ........................................................................................................................... 69 Mythologische Quellen ....................................................................................................... 71 6.1 Grundlagen der inselkeltischen Mythologie ................................................................... 72 6.1.1 Die Anderswelt ................................................................................................. 72 6.1.2 Magische und schwarze Hunde ........................................................................ 73 6.2 Der Hund in der walisischen Mythologie ....................................................................... 75 6.3 Der Hund in der irischen Mythologie ............................................................................. 78 6.3.1 Sagenkreis Tuatha Dé Danann .......................................................................... 79 6.3.2 Sagenkreis Fionn Cycle .................................................................................... 79 6.3.3 Sagenkreis Ulster Cycle .................................................................................... 81 6.3.3.1 Tain Bó Cuailnge (eigene Interpretation) ................................................ 82 6.3.3.2 Religiöse Legenden ................................................................................. 89 6.4 Hunde in der schottischen Mythologie ........................................................................... 90 Namensgebung (Onomastik) ............................................................................................. 92 7.1 Personennamen ..............................................................................................................
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