Medieval and Early Post- Medieval Holy Wells

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MEDIEVAL AND EARLY POST- MEDIEVAL HOLY WELLS

A THREAT-RELATED ASSESSMENT 2011

Prepared by Dyfed Archaeological TrustFor For Cadw MEDIEVAL AND EARLY POST -MEDIEVAL HOLY WELLS

A THREAT-RELATED ASSESSMENT 2011

DYFED ARCHAEOLOGICAL TRUST

RHIF YR ADRODDIAD / REPORT NO.2012/7 RHIF Y PROSIECT / PROJECT RECORD NO. 100735

MEDIEVAL AND EARLY POST-MEDIEVAL HOLY WELLS: A THREAT-RELATED ASSESSMENT 2011

Gan / By

MIKE INGS

Paratowyd yr adroddiad yma at ddefnydd y cwsmer yn unig. Ni dderbynnir cyfrifoldeb gan Ymddiriedolaeth Archaeolegol Dyfed Cyf am ei ddefnyddio gan unrhyw berson na phersonau eraill a fydd yn ei ddarllen neu ddibynnu ar y gwybodaeth y mae’n ei gynnwys

The report has been prepared for the specific use of the client. Dyfed Archaeological Trust Limited can accept no responsibility for its use by any other person or persons who may read it or rely on the information it contains.

Ymddiriedolaeth Archaeolegol Dyfed Cyf Dyfed Archaeological Trust Limited

Neuadd y Sir, Stryd Caerfyrddin, Llandeilo, Sir The Shire Hall, Carmarthen Street, Llandeilo,

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Adran Rheoli Treftadaeth 01558 823131 Heritage Management Section 01558 823131

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MEDIEVAL AND EARLY POST-MEDIEVAL HOLY WELLS: A THREAT-RELATED ASSESSMENT 2011

CONTENTS 1

SUMMARY 3

INTRODUCTION 4

PROJECT AIMS AND OBJECTIVES 5

METHODOLOGY 6

RESULTS 7 – 8

REFERENCES 9

GAZETTEER 10

MEDIEVAL AND EARLY POST-MEDIEVAL HOLY WELLS: A THREAT-RELATED ASSESSMENT 2011

SUMMARY

The medieval and early post-medieval holy wells project forms an element of the Cadw grant-aided medieval and early post-medieval threat related assessment project.

A desk-based scoping project aimed to identify all the medieval and early post-medieval holy well sites on the Historic Environment Record (HER), providing an indication of total numbers, numbers of sites represented by documents or place-names and which sites are scheduled.

The initial scoping project identified a list of 196 sites that required a desktop appraisal – all sites that had some kind of physical presence, had good documentary evidence or were scheduled ancient monuments (SAMs) were included. During the course of the project this number was amended to 188 sites, and field visits were subsequently made to 96 sites.

Approximately half of this number was located in Pembrokeshire, the other half split fairly evenly between Carmarthenshire and Ceredigion. This weighting towards the west may be the result of a couple of factors – the presence of the main focal point for pilgrimages to St. Davids and the local knowledge of Francis Jones, from whose book “The Holy Wells of Wales” so many of our records originate, who was born and spent the first thirty years of his life in the county.

The level of preservation of the visited sites varied enormously, with some displaying a continuation of use from the medieval period, or earlier, and others neglected, forgotten or lost. During the survey, nine sites that currently have no statutory protection were identified to be of borderline National/Regional significance. A further two sites that have listed building status have been identified as potentially requiring additional protection.

INTRODUCTION

In 2010, Dyfed Archaeological Trust undertook a Cadw grant-aided scoping study of medieval and post-medieval sites and landscapes (Davis 2010), part of a pan-Wales project (undertaken by all four Welsh Archaeological Trusts). The aim of this study was to identify all medieval and post-medieval sites recorded on the HER that have not been the subject of a previous threat-related assessment and to categorise them by site type.

„Holy Well‟ was one of the site types identified. To be considered within the study, these sites had to be associated with a named saint and/or have healing properties. It also had to retain some structural remains that pre-dated 1750.

The primary sorting exercise identified the following site types within the HER:

Holy Well (200) Well Chapel/Chapel (6) Well Chapel (2) Holy Well/Chapel (1) Holy Well/Boundary marker (1) Holy Well/Bath house (1) Well/Holy Well (1) Well (307) Spring (16)

A sample revealed that very few of these 537 records had a description, although most of the „holy wells‟ were recorded as having some form of physical presence. Many of the 307 „well‟ sites have no religious significance and the few that do should be properly listed as „holy well‟. Other types of sites in this broad category are potentially of significance but are few in number.

196 sites were initially identified from this list as requiring a desk-top appraisal, of which 19 are SAMs and/or listed buildings. It was proposed that some 50% of this total would be visited in the field, including the SAMs, in order to ascertain the criteria and quality of surviving remains. The HER entries for all 196 sites would be updated and enhanced.

Acting on the results of the scoping study, the Trust applied to Cadw for grant-aid to undertake a threat-related assessment of holy wells in southwest Wales (Carmarthenshire, Ceredigion and Pembrokeshire). This application was successful and the project, including fieldwork, was undertaken in 2011.

PROJECT AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

The main aim of this project is to use the HER, National Monument Record, secondary sources and field visits to assess the potential for enhancing the schedule of ancient monuments with medieval or early post-medieval holy well sites.

The overall project‟s aims are:

• Assessment of the archaeological significance of holy wells in both a regional and national perspective;

• Assessment of the vulnerability of this element of the archaeological resource, review of scheduling, and recommendations for future management strategies; and

• Enhancement of the regional HER and Extended National Database.

The project‟s objectives are:

• To identify all holy wells which require further assessment;

• To collate existing documentary evidence for the sites;

• To carry out a field assessment of those sites where necessary;

• To incorporate all the information into a database and enhance the Dyfed HER; and

• To advise Cadw on those sites which are of national value and currently without statutory protection.

METHODOLOGY

The scoping study collated a list of sites that could potentially require a desk-top appraisal and possible field visit. This „snapshot‟ of the data held within the Dyfed HER was filtered to accept all „Holy Well‟ and „Well‟ sites of medieval and post-medieval date; and all sites of unknown date. The resulting record was further filtered to remove sites that:

Are only known from place-name evidence Where the documentary evidence for location is vague Post-date AD1750 Are early medieval sites (visited as part of the early medieval project) Had no religious significance

Sites that possessed the following criteria were included:

Religious significance Some kind of physical presence Good documentary evidence available SAM status

Additionally, 307 sites classified as „Well‟ but with no apparent religious significance were also investigated. Some of these were included if they are known by religious names, for example Ffynnon- Fair (PRN 12389 in Ceredigion), if the „Broadclass‟ field in the HER is „Religious, Ritual, Funerary, if they are listed in Francis Jones‟s The Holy Wells of Wales (1954) or if they are associated with religious sites (churches, chapels etc.)

Following this analysis a list of 196 sites that required a desktop appraisal emerged and a further 6 sites were added during the course of the project. The appraisal revealed that 13 of these sites were duplicate records, leaving a total of 189 sites to be assessed for field visits.

Of these, 6 are designated Scheduled Ancient Monuments (SAM) and 2 are located within the scheduled area of more extensive monuments - Ffynnon Llygad (PRN 2637) is on the southern defences of Clegyr-Boia prehistoric enclosure (SAM PE109) and St. Leonard‟s Well (PRN 3311) is below the ramparts of Rudbaxton Rath (SAM PE101). One site, St. Non‟s Well (PRN 2727), is a Guardianship Ancient Monument. In addition, 14 sites are Grade II listed, including 3 SAMs; St. Govan‟s Well (PRN 1268), Llanllawer Sainted Well (PRN 2552) and Higgon‟s Well (PRN 4541).

Only 12 „well‟ sites were identified as having a religious significance and required further analysis.

The desktop appraisal collated all the available information on each site as held in the Dyfed Archaeological Trust Historic Environment Record (HER). This included reference to the 1st and 2nd edition Ordnance Survey maps, tithe maps, SAM and Listed Building records, Ordnance Survey record cards, Royal Commission inventories and archived reports. The information provided on the Royal Commission for Historic Buildings and Monuments of Wales (RCAHMW) coflein website and the Cymdeithas Ffynhonnau Cymru website was also utilised. Of the secondary sources looked at, the most comprehensive is Francis Jones‟s guide The Holy Wells of Wales (1954), which still remains the standard text on the subject.

RESULTS

A list of potential field visits was generated through the desktop appraisal. Sites identified only from place-name evidence, those with insufficient information to ascertain their location and those reported lost due to subsequent development were filtered out. The SAMs were included for field visits as a control to gauge potential criteria for recommending the possible scheduling of other sites. One site, Capel Erbach; Capel Herbach (PRN 646) had recently been visited during the Cadw Medieval and early post-medieval churches and chapels project of 2010-11.

Numerous sites listed as a „Holy Well‟ within the HER had no description, having been included from cartographic evidence or a listing in Jones‟s guide, so it was not known whether anything survived or not.

In total 96 sites were visited during the course of the project. 28 are in Carmarthenshire, 20 in Ceredigion and 48 in Pembrokeshire. Occasionally obtaining permission to gain access required multiple visits. In several instances during fieldwork it was not possible to trace owners to obtain access and these sites have not been included in the total of 96 sites.

The dictionary definition of „well‟ denotes a shaft dug or drilled to obtain water, yet the majority of the visited „holy wells‟ would be better described as „springs‟, where water flows naturally from the ground. Many of these sites are named either „Ffynnon‟ or „Pistyll‟, which are rather more ambiguous terms and can refer to a fountain, spring, spout or well. Francis Jones defines a „well‟ as a cavity (usually circular) in the ground that is fed by a spring either from the bottom of the cavity or from a little distance away. The overflow that sometimes forms a shallow pool is also considered holy in certain areas.

The definition of what constitutes a “holy well” is not a hard and fast one, although three main criteria were identified - a dedication to a saint, a location close to a place of worship and/or a tradition of curative properties or votive offerings that attracted pilgrims to the site. These criteria mirror the class A, B and C types of holy well identified by Francis Jones. Of the 188 sites assessed, 109 had a saint dedication, 59 were located near to a place of worship and 43 had a recorded curative or votive tradition.

20 wells were dedicated to St. Mary, with the name Ffynnon Fair being the most common. Julie Trier (A Study of Holy Wells in Pembrokeshire, 2004) suggests that many of these “Mary wells” were probably dedicated in the early 12th century following Norman and Flemish settlement and were likely to be associated with marking new territories or to be in close proximity to a Norman stronghold.

In addition, a number of wells were identified as being located on pilgrim routes, providing places for rest and sustenance. A good example is the village of Nine Wells, in Pembrokeshire, which was an important centre for medieval pilgrims travelling to Non‟s Well and St. David‟s. Here the wells PRN 2142, 2722 and PRN 100750 were recorded during the project and several more were noted to now be beneath modern covers.

Thirty-two of the sites met none of these four criteria and their definition as „holy‟ wells may be questioned. Names ascribed to some wells are not necessarily religious and may well refer to the well owner, for example Ffynnon Bedr (PRN 8064) and Fynnon Fartin (PRN 11239). However, it is difficult to discount sites based upon our current records as the „holy‟ aspect of some may have been lost over time - dedications may not have been recorded and a belief in the curative quality of the water may become forgotten.

Similarly, dating such sites is problematic. Obviously they are natural features, managed, adorned and altered to different degrees, and assessing exactly when a site changed from a spring to a „holy well‟ is unlikely to be recorded. Many well structures have been restored or rebuilt; for example the Baptistery in Llandyfan Churchyard (PRN 61092) is a medieval holy well remodelled by the Victorians into a substantial stone pool, and those still used by landowners are often now encased in modern containers.

Although many of these sites have been Christianised, the tradition associated with the water may have far earlier origins - a good example being the chalybeate wells (PRN 3668) in Gumfreston Churchyard, Pembrokeshire, where nails are still thrown into the waters on Easter Sunday - a Christian practice that mirrors the pagan offering of bent pins and other metal objects. However, judging from the records of associated traditions and locations in close proximity to churches or chapels, of the visited sites, we can be reasonably confident that at least 50 were in use by at least the medieval period.

The sites range in character from natural springs with no attendant structure to substantial well surrounds. Of the visited sites, the most common type seen was a stone-lined chamber, either roofed or open, of which 42 examples were recorded. Seven of these were located within an existing churchyard, including two baptismal pools. The five designated SAMs and the Guardianship Ancient Monument (PRN 2727) are all wells housed within a covered stone structure.

There are three well-chapels in Carmarthenshire; Capel Begewdin (PRN 638) Capel Erbach (PRN 646) and Capel Llanllian (PRN 647), where the spring rises below the floor of the building. Twelve sites had no attendant structure, either comprising a ground or, in the case of Carncwn Well (PRN 4476) in Pembrokeshire, rock cut hole, a natural spring or a pool within a stream. There were six sites where the water was channelled through a pipe and fourteen wells are now encased by a modern cover.

Sixteen sites could not be found, either because there was nothing to be seen at the recorded location and vicinity or as a result of thick vegetation. Several of the latter would warrant revisiting at a different time of the year.

As a result of the field visits, eleven sites have been recommended to Cadw for possible legal, or further legal, protection based on the criteria laid out in the project design. These included:

Survival/condition: survival in plan must be pretty complete, condition of any superstructure less so. Group Value: especially close associations with churches/chapels, Early Christian Monuments or prehistoric monuments. Documentation: Pre-1750 written evidence for use. Fragility/vulnerability: Sites that are threatened or where the structure is decaying. If a site is already listed then it should not be vulnerable.

A further six sites have been recommended for further survey work with a view to affording them possible legal protection in the future.

These recommendations for consideration for protection are in a separate annex report.

During the course of the project the work of several other well historians was consulted. Their records illustrated that there are further well sites, particularly in Pembrokeshire, that require assessing and it is hoped that future funding may be found to continue this work in the near future.

REFERENCES

Bord, J., 2008, Holy Wells in Britain: A Guide, Heart of Albion Press

Cope, P., 2008, Holy Wells: Wales, Seren Books

Davis, O., 2010, Medieval and Post-Medieval Sites and Landscapes: Scoping Report, unpublished report by Dyfed Archaeological Trust, Report no. 2011/52

Ings, M., Davis, O. & Murphy, K., 2011, Medieval and Early Post-Medieval Churches and Chapels; A threat-related Assessment, Dyfed Archaeological Trust, Report no. 2010/47

Jones, F., 1954, The Holy Wells of Wales, University of Wales Press

Trier, J., 2004, A Study of Holy Wells in Pembrokeshire including those of Our Lady and of St David and their possible association with pilgrimage routes to St David’s, Vol 1.

GAZETTEER OF SITES N.b The sites are listed in alpha-numerical order. Where more than one condition is shown it is the second statement that records the current condition of a site.

PRN 100750

NAME NINE WELLS, THE TYPE Well PERIOD Post-Medieval

FORM Other Structure CONDITION Intact STATUS None recorded

NGR SM 79012470 COMMUNITY St. David‟s and Cathedral Close COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION A well with substantial stone surround located on the edge of Nine Wells village, Pembrokeshire. The village was an important centre for medieval pilgrims en route to Non's Well and St David's. Mass was celebrated at the wells and rosaries were dipped there. The well is depicted on the 1908 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map but not on modern mapping (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources). The well was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells project of 2011. The well chamber, located at the edge of dense woodland, is surrounded by a substantial stone structure, approximately 1.50 metres high, with an arched roof and a slate slab across the entrance. Water runs southwest from the chamber (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 10207

NAME FFYNNON GARMON TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Other Structure CONDITION Not Known STATUS None recorded

NGR SN43544013 COMMUNITY Llanfihangel-ar-Arth COUNTY Carmarthenshire

DESCRIPTION Fynnon Garmon or 'King Garmon's Well' is recorded (RCAHM, 1917) as being a copious and never failing spring at the base of Craig Gwrtheyrn Camp. The site is not shown on the historical Ordnance Survey maps or modern mapping (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources). In 1983 it was recorded as a possible well, now covered up by a large capstone. The owner remembers a spring being there before being covered up (A S Maull, 1983).

PRN 102351

NAME PISTYLL GYNWR; PISTYLL CYNNWR TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Other Structure CONDITION Intact STATUS None recorded

NGR SN41941871 COMMUNITY Llangunnor COUNTY Carmarthenshire

DESCRIPTION Recorded as the holy well of Llangunnor parish ' to which pilgrimages were made and around which hymns and prayers were chanted through the Middle Ages' (Francis Jones, 1986). A spring still rises in the front garden of Pistyll Gynwr cottage and the water is collected in a stone-lined chamber, now under a modern cover (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 102355

NAME FFYNNON LLAWDDOG TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Other Structure CONDITION Restored STATUS None recorded

NGR SN26864153 COMMUNITY Cenarth COUNTY Carmarthe nshire

DESCRIPTION Ffynnon Llawdog holy well is dedicated to the local saint and is believed to have healing powers. Local people say that the spring flows constantly (M.Ings, 2011).

The site was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells project of 2011. It is located on the Carmarthenshire side of the Afon Teifi, just to the west of Cenarth Bridge. The spring is now housed within a gable-ended stone structure, with slate roof and inscribed end panels naming the well. The water flows from a pipe in the northern side and drains down to the river (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 102418

NAME FFYNNON-Y-CAPEL TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Other Structure CONDITION Near Destroyed STATUS None recorded

NGR SN58752170 COMMUNITY Llangathen COUNTY Carmarthenshire

DESCRIPTION

Well associated with medieval chapel site (PRN 4758), of which no above ground traces remain. The well is now dry, with the spring breaking out a little distance below. The well was once reputed to be curative, particularly for rheumatic and eye complaints, and has a tradition of pilgrimage. A record from 1913 says that a fragment of masonry can be traced round the well (M.Ings, from various sources, 2011).

The site was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells project of 2011, guided by an earlier site visit by T. Gray Hulse. It lies within a level area of woodland below steep, south and southeast-facing slopes. The feature comprises a pool of water, which was heavily silted and choked with vegetation. A ranging rod could be inserted to a depth of 0.30m. A (dry) gully fed into the well from the slope to the north and the overflow headed south. There was no evident structure or masonry remains (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 102419

NAME ABERAERON CHALYBEATE WELL; FFYNNON RINWEDDOL TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Other Structure CONDITION Intact STATUS None recorded

NGR SN45846270 COMMUNITY Aberaeron COUNTY Ceredigion

DESCRIPTION A well or spring reputed to have curative qualities due to the iron content in the water. The site is recorded on the historic (1890 and 1905) Ordnance Survey maps. A brick building has been built around it, within which visitors can sit and receive a drink, the water raised by a pump (M.Ings, from various sources, 2011).

PRN 10273

NAME FFYNNON FYRNACH TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Landform CONDITION Not known STATUS NPP

NGR SN0540 COMMUNITY Nevern COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION Ffynnon Frynach is recorded in 1917 as being within the parish of Nevern, with an adjoining flow of water to the sea called Pistyll Byrnach. A map within Bowen's 1954 'Settlements of the Celtic Saints in Wales' shows a Brynach dedication to the north-northwest of Nevern but the location of this possible site is currently uncertain (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

PRN 10371

NAME FFYNNON STYFFAN TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Landform CONDITION Not known STATUS None recorded

NGR SN34001000 COMMUNITY Llansteffan COUNTY Carmarthenshire

DESCRIPTION Recorded in 1913 as a holy well near the village church which is 'walled over and has always a plentiful supply of good water, to which tradition ascribes healing properties'. The location of the well is now uncertain (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

However, the location and description of Ffynnon Fair (PRN 61508) suggests the possibility that it might be the same site, now under a different dedication. Ffynnon Fair is walled over, close to the church and with likely medieval origins (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 10468

NAME ST DOGFAEL'S WELL TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Restored STATUS None recorded

NGR SM96902792 COMMUNITY Wolfscastle COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION Site of a spring depicted on the historical Ordnance Survey maps and modern mapping, to the south of St. Dogwell's Church. The site was visited during the Holy Wells project of 2011. The sub-circular well chamber is stone-lined and contained water. It is housed within a semi- circular stone structure, with a slate slab cap and a flat stone slab across the north-facing opening. A large tree stump abutts the well house to the west. Apparently water was pumped up to the vicarage until 1974 (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 10670

NAME FFYNNON FEDDYG TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Not Known/ Restored STATUS None recorded

NGR SN40125947 COMMUNITY Llanllwchaiarn COUNTY Ceredigion

DESCRIPTION A well is recorded on the historic Ordnance Survey maps, alongside the Afon Felen where it crosses beneath a minor road, although the name Ffynnon Feddyg, suggesting a well with medicinal qualities, appears to be associated with the nearby dwelling. The site was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells project of 2011. There was no sign of a well to the south of the road, where it is located on the old maps, but a restored well was standing within the front garden of Fynnon Feddyg guesthouse (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

The owner of Fynnon Feddyg guesthouse told me that the site was covered over when he first moved in. The well now has a circular stone wall around it with a glass top and stands

within the paved front garden (M.Ings, 2011)

PRN 10671

NAME FFYNNON-BEDR TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Not Known STATUS None recorded

NGR SN43785624 COMMUNITY Llanarth COUNTY Ceredigion

DESCRIPTION A well is shown on the historical and modern Ordnance Survey mapping but no other information is known of the site (M.Ings, 2011).

The recorded location for the well was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells project of 2011. It is a pasture field that slopes down from south to north, with a stream along its western border. No well was seen but there were areas of boggy ground marked by reeds, within which, at the approximate spot indicated by the cartographic evidence was a sub-circular area of bare earth and stones. This exposed area is at the centre of a slight hollow and is possibly the result of heavy poaching by livestock in an area that gets particularly waterlogged. Whether or not it represents the site of the well is, however, uncertain. The owner of nearby Cnwc-yr-onen had no recollection of there being a well in the vicinity (M.Ings, 2011)

PRN 10672

NAME FFYNNON-IWAN TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Not Known STATUS None recorded

NGR SN44885604 COMMUNITY Llanarth COUNTY Ceredigion

DESCRIPTION A well is shown on the historical Ordnance Survey maps, at the end of a trackway leading from the dwelling named Ffynnon-Iwan. However, modern mapping does not record the feature and no further information on the well is available (M.Ings, 2011). The site was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells project of 2011. The recorded location is very marshy and the spot marked on the old maps is now within a steeply cut, deep drainage ditch that runs along the field boundary. There was an area of particularly boggy ground at the base of this ditch, in approximately the right place, and the owner of Fynnon- Iwan told me that she'd seen water rising here and then flowing in both directions along the ditch. It seems likely that this is the location of a natural spring and the probable source for the well. No structural remains were seen (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 10836

NAME FFYNNON DEWI TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval, Post-medieval

FORM Other Structure CONDITION Near Intact/ Damaged STATUS None recorded

NGR SN47702055 COMMUNITY Llanarthne COUNTY Carmarthenshire

DESCRIPTION The name Ffynnon Ddewi is associated with a farmstead and neither the historical Ordnance Survey maps nor modern mapping record the site of an actual well. However, a field visit to the farm in 1983 located a well in a fenced-off area of a field called Cae'r Ffynnon. It was enclosed by a brick wall and the top was covered by concrete slabs, with the water pumped to the house (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources). The site was visited during the Cadw Holy wells project of 2011. It is located in the corner of a field, within a wooded hollow. The owner explained that he recalled several springs rising from the banks to the west and north, the water draining down to the south. The owner remembered that his mother used to bring her butter up here to keep it cool. The remnant of an earth-dug chamber could be discerned at the base of the hollow, measuring approximately 1 metre square. Although silted up and clogged with vegetation, a ranging rod could be inserted to a depth of 0.40m. This well was apparently used as a water supply for the farm until recent times and a storage tank was built to the southeast of the well. It is likely to be this tank that was recorded during the 1983 field visit. The owner was aware that the site is traditionally believed to have been a rest stop for pilgrims on their way to St. David's before they forded the Towy at Nantgaredig. He also told me that a chapel-of-ease to Llanarthne Church once stood nearby (M.Ings, 2011)

PRN 10900

NAME FFYNNON DEILO TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Near Intact/ Near Destroyed STATUS None recorded

NGR SN524303 COMMUNITY Llanegwad COUNTY Carmarthenshire

DESCRIPTION Site of a well or spring recorded on the historical Ordnance Survey maps, located to the north of St Teilo's church within Brechfa (M.Ings, from various sources, 2011). Its location, behind the village hall and alongside the river has relatively recently been developed into an extensive, concreted playground with landscaped lawns beyond and a riverside path. No sign of the well was found during a site visit during the Cadw Holy Wells project in 2011 (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 11239

NAME FFYNNON FARTIN TYPE Holy Well, Spring PERIOD Medieval, Unknown

FORM O.struct CONDITION Restored STATUS None recorded

NGR SN30022365 COMMUNITY Trelech COUNTY Carmarthenshire

HER DESCRIPTION A well recorded at Ffynnon-Fartin farmstead on the 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map and modern mapping (M.Ings, 2011). The well was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells project of 2011. It is located within a private garden on a south-facing slope. The spring waters are collected within a rough stone

basin that is now housed within a red-brick structure with a wooden roof and door. There are no known traditions associated with the spring and the 'Martin' name does not necessarily have religious connotations, suggesting its classification as a 'holy' well may be tenuous (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 11240

NAME FFYNNON FEDDYG TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval, Post-medieval

FORM Other structure CONDITION Not Known/ Intact STATUS None recorded

NGR SN16094667 COMMUNITY St Dogmaels COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION One of a series of springs along the bank between Albro Castle and Penrallt y Dre, recorded on historic Ordnance Survey maps. The waters of this chalybeate well were evidently thought to have healing properties in former times (M.Ings, from various sources, 2011).

PRN 11241

NAME FFYNNON-MADOG TYPE Holy Well, Well PERIOD Medieval, Post-Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Not Known STATUS None recorded

NGR SN33692536 COMMUNITY Abernant COUNTY Carmarthenshire

DESCRIPTION Ffynnon-Madog is recorded on the historic Ordnance Survey maps as a possible deserted cottage. Presumably there is/was a well at the site, although this is not shown on the maps. Nothing to suggest this might be a 'holy well' site (M.Ings, 2011)

PRN 11243

NAME FFYNNON-BERWYN TYPE Holy Well, Well PERIOD Medieval, Unknown

FORM O.struct CONDITION Not Known/ Restored STATUS None recorded

NGR SN41261560 COMMUNITY Llandyfaelog COUNTY Carmarthenshire

HER DESCRIPTION A well is recorded at Ffynnon Berwyn farmstead on the historic Ordnance Survey maps but it is not depicted on modern mapping (M.Ings, 2011). The site was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells project of 2011. Water is still being pumped from the well, which is now encased by a modern cover. There are currently no records available to indicate that this water source was ever considered 'holy' or curative (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 11244

NAME FFYNNON IAGO TYPE Holy Well, Well PERIOD Medieval, Unknown

FORM Place-name CONDITION Not Known STATUS None recorded

NGR SN46362679 COMMUNITY Llanllawddog COUNTY Carmarthenshire

DESCRIPTION Place name suggesting the presence of a well but the well itself is not shown on either historic Ordnance Survey maps or modern mapping and there are no records to suggest that a holy well existed in this location (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 11245

NAME FFYNNON GOLLEN TYPE Holy Well, Well PERIOD Medieval, Unknown

FORM O.struct CONDITION Not Known STATUS None recorded

NGR SN50552342 COMMUNITY Llanegwad COUNTY Carmarthenshire

DESCRIPTION A well is recorded at Ffynnon-gollen farmstead on the historical Ordnance Survey maps. The name translates as 'hazel spring'. There is no evidence currently available to suggest that this is a 'holy well' (M.Ings, 2011)

PRN 11249

NAME FFYNNON-GROES TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Place-name;o.struct CONDITION Not Known STATUS None recorded

NGR SN31445278 COMMUNITY Penbryn COUNTY Ceredigion

DESCRIPTION Site of a well recorded on the 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map and modern mapping, located beside a field boundary to the west of Waun-morfa farmstead. The landowners were away when the site was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells project of 2011, so it was not possible to get a clear view. A discrete clump of vegetation could be seen standing at the location for the well as indicated on the historical and modern mapping. Any potential archaeology was concealed however (M.Ings, 2011)

PRN 11251

NAME FFYNNON BESWCH TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Other Structure CONDITION Intact STATUS CL , PCNP

NGR SN12993124 COMMUNITY Mynachlog-ddu COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION Ffynnon Beswch is recorded on historic Ordnance Survey maps and modern mapping, located on the south-facing slope of Craig Talfynydd to the northwest of Mynachlog-ddu.

The name suggests a spring with the power to cure coughs (M.Ings, 2011). The spring was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells project of 2011. A modern concrete and iron water tank was located at the spot indicated on the Ordnance Survey map and the spring was seen to emanate just to the northwest of this. The water flows downslope from the tank, in a deeply cut stream, towards Dan-y-garn cottage (M.Ings, 2011)

PRN 11253

NAME FFYNNON-RHINWEDDAU TYPE Holy Well, Well PERIOD Medieval, Unknown

FORM Place-name;o.struct CONDITION Not Known STATUS None recorded

NGR SN57136144 COMMUNITY Nantcwnlle COUNTY Ceredigion

DESCRIPTION Site of a spring located near a now deserted farmstead that bears the same name. There is currently no available information regarding this site but the name suggests the quality of the water rather than any holy or curative aspect (M.Ings, 2011)

PRN 11255

NAME FFYNNON IAGO TYPE Holy Well, Well PERIOD Medieval, Unknown

FORM Placename CONDITION Not known STATUS None recorded

NGR SN14502313 COMMUNITY Cilymaenllwyd COUNTY Carmarthenshire

DESCRIPTION Record of a 'spout' - presumably piped springwater - at a working farmstead that bears the same name, shown on both historic Ordnance Survey maps and modern mapping. There is currently no further information available and nothing to suggest that the site has a 'holy' aspect (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 1168

NAME FFYNNON FFWLBERT TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Restored STATUS None recorded

NGR SN17372641 COMMUNITY Cilymaenllwyd COUNTY Carmarthenshire

HER DESCRIPTION Site of a well recorded (1954) on the west bank of the River Taf, just south of Llanglydwen Church. The well is not shown on historic or modern maps but the woods south of the church are named Allt Ffynnon-ffwlbert. In 1984, only a modern brick constructed well in the edge of a small wood could be found (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

PRN 11688

NAME FFYNNON DEILO TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Not Known/ Intact STATUS None recorded

NGR SN62962224 COMMUNITY Llandeilo COUNTY Carmarthenshire

DESCRIPTION A well located within a recess built into the retaining wall of St Teilo's churchyard, Llandeilo and accessed at street level, to the east of the church. Water flows from a pipe at the rear of the recess into a subcircular well chamber before being channelled off towards the drain below the road (M.Ings, 2011)

Tyrfynnondilo was mentioned in the will of Bishop Rudd of 1614. Its location is unknown. Recorded by CADW as a 19th century well utilising water diverted from the former Baptistry of St Teilo's within the churchyard. There is an associated rhyme. "In the puddings and the pies and leek broth you'll find, The quintessence of mortals and swallow your kind." (CADW 1991) An article in the Carmarthen Journal (2001) by Ffynhonnaucymru records that the chamber within which the well is located is part of the old abbey and that it was probably here in the 6th century when St. Teilo was preaching and using the water for baptism.

PRN 11689

NAME FFYNNON FFOSSANA; FFOSHANNAH;FFOS SANA;FOSSANA;FONS SANA TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Documents CONDITION Not known STATUS None recorded

NGR SN358323 COMMUNITY Cynwyl Elfed COUNTY Carmarthenshire

DESCRIPTION There is a record (Rev. D.G Williams, 1895) that this well was reputed to have curative qualities, with people visiting it on sticks and being healed on drinking the water (M.Ings, 2011, based on 'Eye of the Spring' 2005).

PRN 11971

NAME FFYNNON ALWM;FFYNNON HALEN;FFYNNON ALEM TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval, Post-medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Not Known STATUS NPP

NGR SN10214496 COMMUNITY Nevern COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION Ffynnon Alwm is recorded on historic Ordnance Survey maps and modern maps as being chalybeate. A record from 1811 mentions the alum well at Treriffydd and a proposed project to extract alum from it (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

The site was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells project of 2011 but the well was not found. The location is a heavily overgrown stream valley with vertiginous sides and much of the area was inaccessible. The landowner told me that he and his brother found the well years ago, with two stone steps leading down to it and very brown water. When they sought to return to clear the site they couldn't find it again and he hasn't seen it since (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 12143

NAME LADY WELL TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Not Known STATUS None recorded

NGR SM87512126 COMMUNITY Nolton and Roch COUNTY Pembrokeshire

HER DESCRIPTION Lady Well is shown on historic Ordnance Survey maps and modern mapping, located just to the north of Roch. In 1925 it was recorded as the well associated with the parish church dedicated to St.Mary. There was no stonework around it and no knowledge of any traditions concerning healing qualities (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

Although the site was not identified during the field visit of 2011 it is possible that it was concealed by the thick vegetation. The adjacent fields have recently been developed for building and it is possible that this potential feature could be under threat in the future (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 12172

NAME FFYNNON DDEWI TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Landform CONDITION Near Intact STATUS None recorded

NGR SN44746068 COMMUNITY Henfynyw COUNTY Ceredigion

DESCRIPTION Site of a well depicted on the 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, at the corner of a farmhouse - possible longhouse - called Ffynnon Ddewi. A spring called Ffynnon Ddewi within the parish of Henfynyw is recorded in the Lewis's 1833 'Topographical survey of Wales' (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

The site was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells project of 2011. The farm building is now a ruin, surrounded by thick vegetation, in the centre of a hay meadow. The well was totally concealed and a clear view of it proved impossible. It appeared to be circular and drystone lined, with water visible at some depth. A plastic pipe protruded from the sidewall of the well so the water has been used relatively recently (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 12389

NAME FFYNNON-FAIR TYPE Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Documents;o.struct CONDITION Not Known/ Intact STATUS None recorded

NGR SN3173953997 COMMUNITY Llangranno g COUNTY Ceredigion

DESCRIPTION Site of 'holy well' shown on Rees' map (1932) of 14th century Wales and listed in Jones' 'Holy Wells.' The spring is recorded on the 1889 1st edition Ordnance Survey map and is named Ffynnon Fair on the 1905 2nd edition, next to a dwelling of the same name that is shown on the Llangrannog tithe map of 1840. The site was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells project of 2011. It is located in an area of woodland and scrub on the southern bank of the Nant Hawen that flows towards Llangrannog. It comprises a shallow hollow into which water flows, through a pipe that protrudes from a small revetment wall in the eastern side of the feature, and collects. The water appears to originate from the marshy corner of the pasture field located above and to the south of the well. When it leaves the well hollow it flows down to the stream below, passing through a tunnel in the southern bank (M.Ings, 2011)

PRN 1268

NAME ST GOWAN'S WELL;ST GOVAN'S WELL TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Restored STATUS NPP , SSSI , Section 3 , listed building 17981 II, scheduled ancient monument PE321

NGR SR9671392946 COMMUNITY Stackpole COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION A holy well of possibly Early Medieval date associated with St Govans chapel (PRN 630). The well housing measures 1.20 x 1.10 metres and is 1.30 metres high, made of limestone rubble. The well was known for healing in the 18th and 19th centuries (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

PRN 12709

NAME PISTYLL DEWI TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Natural Feature CONDITION Intact STATUS None recorded

NGR SN5396719302 COMMUNITY Llanarthney COUNTY Car marthenshire

DESCRIPTION The name Pistyll Dewi is recorded on the 1847 tithe map and apportionment for Llanarthne Parish. The site of a spring within the mixed woodland of Allt Pistyll-Dewi is recorded on both the historic and modern mapping, its water flowing down to Pistyll- Dewi farmstead to the north. (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

The spring was located within Allt Pistyll Dewi during the Cadw Holy Wells project of 2011. It emanates from a bank beneath a mature sycamore tree in the middle of the wood and the stream of water feeds down to Pistyll Dewi farmstead on the B4300. The owner of the farmstead was aware of a tradition that pilgrims would stop here to rest (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 12723

NAME PISTYLL SAWYL;FFYNNON SAWYL TYPE Chapel, Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Documents;place-nam CONDITION Not Applicable STATUS None recorded

NGR SN57433156 COMMUNITY Llanfynydd COUNTY Carmarthenshire

DESCRIPTION 'Fynnon Sawyl' place-name recorded on 1906 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map but no well or spring depicted. This place-name does not appear on modern mapping (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 1286

NAME AMBLESTON:FFYNNON FAIR TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Documents CONDITION Not known STATUS None recorded

NGR SN00432533 COMMUNITY Ambleston COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION F. Jones (1954) records a "holy well near Ambleston village in 1830". The site was identified (J.Trier, 1998) as Ffynnon Fair, located to the southeast of Ambleston. Water emanates between two large, moss-covered rocks, with a piece of slate wedged in the crevice, at the base of a shallow bank. The spring has no healing traditions but it has always been known as Ffynnon Fair. (M.Ings, from various sources, 2011).

J. Trier (1998) records that in the mid-12th and early 13th century Ambleston Church and its chapels-of-ease were under the patronage of the Knights Hospitaller of St. John at Slebech. As such, it is likely to have been on the pilgrims‟ route to St. David's. The route towards the pilgrims‟ hospice and holy well at Spittal would lead along the path past Ffynnon Fair.

PRN 12915

NAME FFYNNON CAREG;FFYNNON CURRIG TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Documents;landform CONDITION Not known STATUS NPP

NGR SN06233938 COMMUNITY Newport COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION A well, named after the 7th century Saint Curig, is recorded on historic Ordnance Survey maps, located close to a mound known as Bedd Samson (PRN 1492) (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

PRN 1292

NAME FFYNNON MIHANGEL TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Near Destroyed STATUS None recorded

NGR SN02012885 COMMUNITY Puncheston COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION Ffynnon Mihangel was recorded by the RCAHM (1925) to be a strong spring rising in a small stone-built basin. It is shown on historic Ordnance Survey maps and modern mapping located near Castlebythe Church. A field visit in 1966 found only an irregular hollow containing some water, with no apparent masonry (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

PRN 12988

NAME LADYWELL TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Not Known STATUS None recorded

NGR SM97632290 COMMUNITY Spittal COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION Site of a well recorded on the historic Ordnance Survey maps, to the east of St. Mary's Church in Spittal. The name of the well must derive from an association with the church but no further information on it is currently available (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

J. Trier (1997) records that a local resident described the original well as being like a hole in the ground with big stones at each side and a step down to it; the water came up to the step. The site was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells project of 2011. It is now a rectilinear, redbrick lined well with an iron manhole cover, temporarily replaced with concrete slabs. A local resident told me that its water was still used up until the 1960s. Apparently there used to be a pond in the vicinity which was possibly fed by the well. Spittal also once had a hospitium to accommodate pilgrims on their way to Saint David's. All traces of this have now gone but it does suggest the potential importance that the well might once have had (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 1312

NAME ST MARY'S WELL TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Restored STATUS None recorded

NGR SN0752727057 COMMUNITY Maencloch og COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION St. Mary's Well was recorded in 1925 to be a strong spring protected by a few boulders. The water apparently cured rheumatism. A field visit in 1966 found water issuing from a spout set in a modern well chamber. The site is marked on historic Ordnance Survey maps and modern mapping (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

The site was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells project of 2011. It is located within an area of scrub and woodland at the side of the road at the western edge of Maenclochog. Water gushes through a pipe, set in a redbrick wall capped with concrete, and is collected in an approximately rectangular basin defined by stone walls to east and west, the brick wall to the north and rounded boulders to the south. These also line the overflow channel to the south (M.Ings, 2011). J.Trier (1998) records that the brick wall and spout at Ffynnon Fair were constructed during the 1930s to make it easier to collect the spring water, which rises in the adjoining marshland.

PRN 1315

NAME ST BRYNACH'S WELL TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Near Intact STATUS None recorded

NGR SN05442800 COMMUNITY Puncheston

COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION Site of a spring recorded by Fenton in 1811 to be redundant, close to the ruins of an old chapel. It had an 'upright rude stone pitched on end near it, rudely marked with a cross'. The spring was still flowing strongly in 1925, protected by a modern masonry hood. The well is shown on historic Ordnance Survey maps and modern mapping (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

The well is located on the western side of the farmstead between a modern barn, to the east and a field boundary, to the west. The water flows strongly from a stone-lined hollow under an earth bank, supported by a stone roof, and forms a pool before draining down to the southwest. The area below the well is very boggy. The associated chapel (PRN 7541) is thought to have stood on the other side of the adjacent field boundary (M.Ings, 2011)

PRN 1390

NAME FFYNNON DDEWI TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Restored STATUS None recorded

NGR SN38545299 COMMUNITY Llandysiliogogo COUNTY Ceredigion

DESCRIPTION Traditionally the site of a holy well that appeared where Saint David rested and prayed for water to drink with his bread.

A field visit in 1973 records that the site is a spring approached by modern steps to the southwest of the well. The site was visited again during the Cadw Holy Wells project (2011). The recorded location is a fenced-off area of woodland just below the A487, at Pont Ffynnondewi, where a stream crosses beneath the road. The only modern steps evident lead down to a roughly circular area of stagnant water, choked with vegetation and rubbish. A little way to the southwest is a square brick and concrete structure with a padlocked iron cover (NGR SN3855052988) - the likely site of the well (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 1402

NAME HOLY WELL THE TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Landform CONDITION Near Destroyed STATUS None recorded

NGR SN06452175 COMMUNITY New Moat COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION A spring recorded in 1925 as being locally known as 'The Holy Well', which once had a reputation for curing children's ailments. The spring is marked on historic Ordnance Survey maps. Residents recall the well as just 'a hole in the ground' and it has now been filled in (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

The site was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells project of 2011. The recorded location is a

pasture field, under short grass and partially planted as an orchard, which slopes down northwest towards a river. Although the ground was wet underfoot, no discrete point of rising water was evident. The current owners said that they had never seen a spring in the vicinity and apparently the previous owners had brought in a water diviner to locate it, without success (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 1403

NAME ST MARY'S CHURCH TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Restored STATUS None recorded

NGR SN07042124 COMMUNITY New Moat COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION A spring recorded in 1925 to the north of St. Mary's Church in Bletherston, from which water was drawn for baptism. The site is shown on historic Ordnance Survey maps and modern mapping (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

The site was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells project of 2011. It comprises a stone basin set into a bank at the northeast corner of an extensive pond. The spring emanates from the rear corner of the well chamber and it is protected by a high drystone roof. The water is collected into an approximately square basin and the overflow is channelled into the pond below. The well and pond were rebuilt in the late 1980s, after which the well was apparently blessed and re-dedicated (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 1411

NAME FFYNNON GAIN TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Restored STATUS None recorded

NGR SN07042354 COMMUNITY New Moat COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION A well possibly dedicated to St. Keyne the Virgin, although it may derive its name from the nearby River Cain. Once a well of some repute, it was recorded in 1925 as being situated about 600 yards north of Ffynnon Gain farmhouse, with slight traces of foundations in the soil around it. A field visit in 1965 found modern well chambers at the site. A spring is shown on historic Ordnance Survey maps and modern mapping (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

The site was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells project of 2011. The spring rises below a bank at the edge of woodland and it is enclosed by a brick and stone structure covered with corrugated-iron. The water is then piped (once with an asbestos pipe, since replaced) to a plastic storage tank, with the overflow forming a stream to the east. The water is still used

when the cattle are wintered indoors (M.Ings, 2011)

PRN 1442

NAME FFYNNON NICHOLAS TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Documents CONDITION Near Destroyed STATUS NPP

NGR SN0035 COMMUNITY Cwm Gwaun COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION A well is recorded in this location on historic Ordnance Survey maps and modern mapping. Named as Ffynnon Nicholas by Lhuyd (1695-98), it is listed as a holy well by F.Jones (1954). (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

The site was visited during the Cadw holy wells project of 2011. No well could be found at the location indicated on the maps. A gully, dry at the time of the visit, runs from the wooded slope to the south and beneath the road to the recorded position of the well. Here, the gully drops over a large stone and there are several other stones in the vicinity. A modern pipe protrudes from beneath the hedgebank and the road. (M.Ings, 2011)

PRN 1469

NAME ST CURIG'S WELL;FFYNNON GURIG TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Near Intact STATUS NPP

NGR SN05903869 COMMUNITY Newport COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION A well recorded in 1925 located to the southeast of Newport Castle and listed as a holy well by Jones (1954).The well is shown on historic Ordnance Survey maps and modern mapping shows it linked to streams to the west and north (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

The site was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells project of 2011. At the recorded location for a well on the modern map there is a relatively deep pool fed by streams from the south and west and from where the water then flows northwards. This pool is right beside and below a minor road and is difficult to access (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 14808

NAME CAERLAN TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Intact STATU S None recorded

NGR SN36345753 COMMUNITY Llandysilio gogo COUNTY Ceredigion

DESCRIPTION

Site of a well recorded on historic Ordnance Survey maps, located to the north of Saint Tysilio's Church. The church information board says "The ancient stone-lined spring, situated in a small grove to the north of the church, may be medieval in origin or even earlier than the church's dedication" (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

The site was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells project of 2011. It is located within a pasture field to the north of the church, built into the east-facing bank of a north-south drainage ditch. The well is horseshoe-shaped and drystone lined, with a flat stone lip at its eastern opening over which the water flows into the ditch (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 14821

NAME ST FFRAEDS WELL;GWENHAFDRE ISAF TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Near Intact STATUS scheduled ancient monument CD157

NGR SN67436705 COMMUNITYYstrad Meurig COUNTY Ceredigion

DESCRIPTION A reputed holy well, local tradition claims that the well was used by monks travelling to and from Strata Florida Abbey. The horseshoe plan chamber is covered by a 'beehive' shaped drystone structure, with a low rectangular opening just above the internal water level. In 1999 the drystone walling that comprises the front of the well was dismantled and rebuilt in order to rectify structural damage. The works were monitored by the Cadw Field Monument Warden (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

In 1988 it was described as a simple rectangular chamber set into a slight scarp is enclosed by heavy walling to a thickness of 1m each side of its entrance. Above a large flat lintel stone over this entrance the well chamber is roofed with a pyramidal corbelled structure of local shale slabs (Ray K 1988).

In 2011, the site was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells project. At this time the structure was completely concealed by vegetation and copious moss covered much of the stone roof. (M.Ings, 2011)

PRN 1490

NAME BUARTH BRYNACH;ST BRYNACH'S WELL TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Early Medieval, Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Not Known STATUS NPP

NGR SN09173569 COMMUNITY Eglwyswrw COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION A spring is depicted on historic Ordnance Survey maps in a field to the northwest of Brynberian. It is recorded to be dedicated to St Brynach and was once within a stone wall - Buarth Byrnach (Byrnach's Fold) - which had gone by the time of Fenton's visit in 1914. By 1966, the spring had been diverted, with only a wet hollow indicating the site. (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

PRN 1519

NAME PISTYLL SAMSON TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Documents CONDITION Not known STATUS NPP

NGR SN064393 COMMUNITY Newport COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION No information currently available about this site other than Jones's listing (1954) of Pistyll Samson, near Bedd Samson (PRN 1492), Newport parish as a Class 'A' holy well. It is not recorded on historic Ordnance Survey maps or modern mapping (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

It is possible this record refers to the same site known as Ffynnon Careg; Ffynnon Currig (PRN 12915), which is also located near Bedd Samson (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 1547

NAME FFYNNON FAIR TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Documents CONDITION Not known STATUS NPP

NGR SN045347 COMMUNITY Cwm Gwaun COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION The recorded site of a supposed holy well to the west of Tregynon, based on a field name Ffynnon Fair provided on the 1842 tithe and apportionment for the parish of Llanychlwydog. A field visit in 1966 found no trace of the well and the location of the site is uncertain A spring is located to the southwest of the HER point but it is not known if this represents the same site (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources)

PRN 1616

NAME FFYNNON MIHANGEL;ST MICHAEL'S WELL TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Near Intact/ Near Destroyed STATUS None recorded

NGR SN41770627 COMMUNITY Kidwelly COUNTY Carmarthenshire

DESCRIPTION Ffynnon Mihangel is a holy well associated with the former medieval chapel of Capel

Llanmihangel, recorded in 1967 to be semi-circular, stone lined and approximately 1.0 metres in diameter (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

The site was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells project of 2011. No sign of the well could be found, either at the location recorded in 1967 (SN41770627 within a field to the northwest of Muddlescwm Cottages) or in the area of the adjacent field boundary and ditch. The field was under pasture but the field boundary corridor was under thick, largely impenetrable vegetation cover that could possibly have concealed the feature (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 1636

NAME COBWELL;FFYNNON STOCKWELL? TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Not Known/ Restored STATUS None recorded

NGR SN40240732 COMMUNITY Kidwelly COUNTY Carmarthenshire

DESCRIPTION A possible holy well site from the medieval period, Ffynnon Stockwell, formerly called "Cobwell", is recorded in 1917 to be situated on the slope of a hill called 'the Arles' and was visited on Palm Sunday as recently as 1911 'for the purpose of throwing in bent pins, of drinking the water sweetened with sugar and the invoking of good wishes' (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

The site was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells project of 2011. A dressed-stone lined square hollow, bordered by the hedge boundary to west and south and by loose boulders to east and north, was recorded in the southwest corner of the front garden of Rhiwlon Farm. An earth dug water channel feeds into northeast side of this feature, providing an overflow from the extensive pond. It was difficult to determine how much, if any, of the feature may have been original. The rockery surround and waterchannel look to be relatively recent alterations but the stone lining is possibly much earlier. The feature is apparently no longer used as a well and was dry/silted up at the time of the visit. It appears that any water runs off to the modern drain closeby. A spring located to the north of Rhiwlon Farm (PRN 1637) feeds the pond. It is uncertain whether PRN 1636 or the nearby spring PRN 1637 is the site recorded on Rees‟ map (1932) of South Wales and the Border in the 14th century as Ffynnon Stockwell (M.Ings, 2011)

PRN 1637

NAME FFYNNON STOCKWELL? TYPE Holy Well, Spring PERIOD Medieval, Not Applicable

FORM O.struct CONDITION Not Known/ Damaged STATUS None recorded

NGR SN40210736 COMMUNITY Kidwelly COUNTY Carmarthenshire

DESCRIPTION A well shown on Rees' 14th century map, a short distance to the north of possible holy well PRN 1636, although there are no further records of this site (M.Ings, 2011).

The site was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells project of 2011. The owners of Rhiwlon

Farm informed me that a spring was located northwest of the main house, with the water feeding down to a modern well behind the house and supplying the pond in the front garden. I was shown the modern well but the spring itself was not seen during the visit and was apparently under an area of rubble associated with the construction of a new cottage behind the farmhouse. It is uncertain whether or not this spring or the possible well PRN 1636 is the site recorded on Rees‟ map (1932) of South Wales and the Border in the 14th century as Ffynnon Stockwell (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 1779

NAME FFYNNON FAIR TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Landform CONDITION Not known STATUS None recorded

NGR SN40313875 COMMUNITY Llangeler COUNTY Carmarthenshire

DESCRIPTION Recorded site of a 'sacred well' located within a field called Cae Ffynnon Fair on the tithe map and apportionment for Llangeler Parish. It is not shown on historic Ordnance Survey maps or on modern mapping (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

In 1984, the land owner knew nothing about St Mary's well, but pointed out the spring at SN 40313875. (AS Maull 1984).

PRN 1848

NAME FFYNNON DALIS TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Restored STATUS None recorded

NGR SN48645552 COMMUNITY Llanfihangel Ystrad COUNTY Ceredigion

DESCRIPTION The site of a well dedicated to Saint Gwyddalus, martyred in the 2nd century, once associated with a former small chapel or church (PRN 7561). A field visit in 1972 noted that the well was now covered and there were no indications of the chapel (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

The site of the well was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells project of 2011. It is located within a drainage ditch that runs along the eastern boundary of the field to the northwest of Ffynnon-dalis farm. It is now covered by a square brick and concrete structure (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 1871

NAME FYNNON SAWYL;PISTYLL SAWYL TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Other Structure CONDITION Intact STATUS None recorded

NGR SN61863620 COMMUNITY Llansawel COUNTY Carmarthenshire

DESCRIPTION Site of a spring shown on historic Ordnance Survey maps, located within woodland above the Afon Marlais in Llansawel. (M. Ings 2011).

The site was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells project (2011). The spring is located just off a trackway through the woods, a path and two stone steps leading down to an approximately square stone -slabbed area defined by drystone walls to the north and west and a drop-off towards the river to the south. The water is piped through the north-south wall, flowing onto the stone-slabbed floor and channelled off the edge towards the river. An elderly local resident informed me that the spring had always been used by the villagers in his lifetime and still is today. He had no knowledge of the water supply having a 'holy' significance or any curative qualities. (M.Ings, 2011)

PRN 18818

NAME FFYNNON BRYNCYN TYPE Holy Well, Well PERIOD Medieval, Unknown

FORM Landform CONDITION Not known STATUS NPP

NGR SN06233975 COMMUNITY Nevern COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION Ffynnon Bryncyn is recorded on historic Ordnance Survey maps and modern mapping. Bryncyn is the name of a nearby dwelling to the south and there are no records to indicate a 'holy' association with the well/spring (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 1954

NAME FFYNNON GWENNO TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Landform CONDITION Destroyed STATUS None recorded

NGR SN66434020 COMMUNITY Cynwyl Gaeo COUNTY Carmarthenshire

DESCRIPTION The water of Ffynnon Gwenno, which occupied the lower part of the Gogofau Mine, was recorded by Smyth in 1846 ( Memoirs of the Geological Survey) 'to possess medicinal qualities which attracted numerous bathers from the surrounding districts'. A field visit in 1913 recorded (RCAHM, 1917) that mining operations have resulted in the almost entire disappearance of this well (M.Ings, from various sources, 2011).

PRN 2051

NAME FFYNNON LLAWDDOG TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Restored STATUS None recorded

NGR SN27514647 COMMUNITY Beulah COUNTY Ceredigion

DESCRIPTION A well recorded in 1923 (F.Jones, 1954) - 'sick people visited it within living memory'. A field visit in 1975 reported a powerful clear water spring now capped by a modern structure (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

PRN 2108

NAME ST ANTHONY'S WELL TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Restored STATUS listed building 27079 II

NGR SN34600993 COMMUNITY Llansteffan COUNTY Car marthenshire

DESCRIPTION Grade II listed holy well dedicated to Saint Anthony where, it is said, a Welsh hermit, Antwn (Anthony) used the water to baptize converts to Christianity during the 6th century. Its waters became renowned for their healing abilities and the well became a place of pilgrimage. It is accessible to the public, within a walled enclosure off the lane leading from the beach to St. Anthony's cottage (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources)

The well was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells project of 2011. The well chamber is set within a triangular-headed recess into the southwest facing wall of the enclosure and above it are two stone shelves and a carved niche. All were covered with votive offerings, mainly sea shells. A plaque on the wall claimed that the well was used for baptisms by a 6th century Welsh hermit named Antwn, or Anthony, after the first Christian hermit, Saint Anthony of Egypt (c251-356). A relief carving, presumably of Antwn, is on the rear wall of the enclosure (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 2122

NAME FFYNNON SAINT TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Restored STATUS None recorded

NGR SN38620830 COMMUNITY St Ishmael COUNTY Carmarthenshire

DESCRIPTION Recorded site (RCAHM, 1912) of a well, close to Tabor Chapel, believed to have been dedicated to St Ishmael, covered over and a pump placed over (M.Ings, 2011). The pump went out of use some thirty years ago when the village was connected to the mains.

PRN 2127

NAME PARC-MAEN-LLWYD TYPE Holy Well, Well PERIOD Medieval, Unknown

FORM Landform CONDITION STATUS None recorded

NGR SN37870788 COMMUNITY St Ishmael COUNTY Carmarthenshire

DESCRIPTION A well shown on Rees' 1932 map and described in 1967 as a natural spring and basin. A well is shown on historic Ordnance Survey maps and on modern mapping. There are no recorded traditions associated with the site to suggest that it is a holy well (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

The site could not be found during a visit in 2011, as part of the Cadw Holy Wells project. The location is within a pasture field that was under thick grass. The farmer did not know of a well on his land (M.Ings, 2011)

PRN 2142

NAME NINE WELLS THE TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Near Intact STATUS NPP

NGR SM78742473 COMMUNITY St Davids and the Cathedral Close COUNTY Pembrokeshire

The well was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells project of 2011. This was during the summer and the well was completely obscured by vegetation. The spring emanates from below a bank and fills a chamber defined by drystone- lining, to west and north, and boulders to south and east. There is now a flat 'capping' stone

that was placed there relatively recently to help prevent vegetation choking the well. Water flows eastward from the chamber via a gully and is piped beneath a footpath before reaching the stream below (M.Ings, 2011)

PRN 2288

NAME FFYNNON LLAWDDOG TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Landform CONDITION Not known STATUS None recorded

NGR SN350360 COMMUNITY Llangeler COUNTY Carmarthenshire

DESCRIPTION Well situated in a wood on Bron Llawddog northwest of Penboyr Church and recorded as extant by the 14th century. Its exact location is uncertain as it lies within an area containing numerous springs (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

Llwyd (c.1690) describes a well/spring not far from the main church where a chapel has been erected over the well head. It is described as a place of pilgrimage to cure in infirm etc. Llwyd suggests that the well is located at the foot of the hill called 'Allt Geler' near a house called Plas Geler,from LLwyd‟s Parochialia (iii, 76).

PRN 2289

NAME ST CELER'S CHAPEL;FFYNNON CELER TYPE Chapel, Well Chapel PERIOD Early medieval;medieval

FORM Documents CONDITION Not known STATUS None recorded

NGR SN37533952 COMMUNITY Llangeler COUNTY Carmarthenshire

DESCRIPTION Site of a traditionally curative well close to Llangeler church (1917), probably near Plas Geler house (1954). The exact location of the well is uncertain as it is not shown on historic Ordnance Survey maps or modern mapping. Rees (1932) places this well southeast of church. A field visit in 1968 found nothing (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

PRN 2290

NAME FFYNNON CAPEL TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Documents CONDITION Destroyed STATUS None recorded

NGR SN35443860 COMMUNITY Llangeler COUNTY Carmarthenshire

DESCRIPTION A holy well listed by Jones (1954) located near Capel Drindod and recorded as being covered by a public lavatory by 1968 (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

PRN 2291

NAME FFYNNON DUDUR TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Restored STATUS None recorded

NGR SN36303789 COMMUNITY Llangeler COUNTY Carmarthenshire

DESCRIPTION Site of a spring recorded on historic Ordnance Survey maps and modern mapping, listed as a holy well (Jones 1954) named after Saint Tudur. Recorded in 1968 and 1984 to be covered by a modern cistern (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

PRN 2396

NAME FFYNNON SHAN SHILIN TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Destroyed;restored STATUS None recorded

NGR SM93842961 COMMUNITY Letterston COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION A well possibly dedicated to Saint Silin and located near to Letterston Church. It was originally roofed but this had been removed by the time of the 1907 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map and the well covered over, with a pump erected on the site. Ffynnon Shan Shilin was identified by J.Bord in 2010 near the church in Letterston, now restored as a holy well (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources)

PRN 2456

NAME ST MADOC'S WELL TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Not Known STATUS None recorded

NGR SM96092058 COMMUNITY Rudbaxton COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION Well associated with the 13th-14th century St. Michael's Church, formerly St. Madoc's. Although recorded (1896-1907) to be located on the south side of the church it has since been suggested that the spring shown on historic Ordnance Survey maps, to the east of the church, is the one referred to (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

The site was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells project of 2011. As shown on the historical and modern maps, the well is located to the east of the church. It comprises a roughly square well chamber vertically cut into the surrounding earth within an area of roadside woodland. The chamber had standing water within it but was heavily choked with fallen vegetation. A ranging rod could be inserted to a depth of some 0.40 metres before hitting stone. The well can be accessed from the road as a gap has been cut through the roadside bank (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 2481

NAME NINE WELLS THE TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Landform CONDITION Not known STATUS NPP

NGR SM787248 COMMUNITY St Davids and the Cathedral Close COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION The village of Nine Wells was an important centre for medieval pilgrims enroute to Non's Well and St David's. Mass was celebrated at the wells and rosaries were dipped there. The exact location of this site is uncertain, with only a 6 figure grid reference provided. It is probable that it refers to one of the copious springs that are depicted on historic Ordnance Survey maps, feeding the stream that runs north-south through the village (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources)

PRN 2526

NAME FFYNNON WNDA TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Landform CONDITION Not known STATUS None recorded

NGR SM940385 COMMUNITY Fishguard and Goodwick COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION A holy well listed by Jones (1954) on Penfeidir Farm in the parish of Llanwnda. There are several springs in the area and the location of the well is uncertain. It is not recorded on historic Ordnance Survey maps (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

PRN 2527

NAME FFYNNON DRUIDION TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Restored STATUS None recorded

NGR SM91983690 COMMUNITY Pencaer COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION Site of a well recorded on historic Ordnance Survey maps. A field visit in 1966 reported that the well no longer exists and that the water has been piped (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

PRN 2552

NAME LLANLLAWER SAINTED WELL TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Building CONDITION Near Intact STATUS NPP , scheduled ancient monument PE229

NGR SM98723601 COMMUNITY Cwm Gwaun COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION A well located just beyond the chuchyard in Llanllawer. Its water had a reputation for healing properties, particularly sore eyes. It was also a wishing well, with straight or bent pins thrown in depending on whether the wish was good or evil. The well chamber is housed within a vaulted structure of mortared, undressed stone some two metres high internally and open at the southern end. This was originally covered with earth but this was removed in 1983, the mortar cleaned out and the structure was pointed with cement (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

The site was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells project of 2011. It was dry at the time (during the summer) but the owner told me that water flows from it throughout the winter or after heavy rain. It is located within a hay/pasture field and is maintained by the landowner. A gate hangs across the entrance to the well house and this was adorned with ribbons, strips of cloth, beads and flowers, demonstrating that the well is still revered (M.Ings, 2011)

PRN 2577

NAME FFYNNON FAIR TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Landform CONDITION Not known STATUS None recorded

NGR SM911316 COMMUNITY Mathry COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION Identified and listed as a holy well on Pencnwc Farm by Jones (1954) from the 1842 tithe map and apportionment for Mathry. The site is not recorded on historic Ordnance Survey maps and its exact location is uncertain. It may have been identified in 1997 in an area of soft ground where marsh grass and irises grow (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources)

PRN 2596

NAME FFYNNON FAIR TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Landform CONDITION Destroyed STATUS None recorded

NGR SM97413242 COMMUNITY Trecwn COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION Listed by Jones (1954) as a holy well in Ffynnon Fair Wood, over half a mile northeast of the parish church. The site of a spring is recorded on historic Ordnance Survey maps but it had been obliterated by the construction of a railway by 1966 (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

PRN 2611

NAME FFYNNON DEGAN TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Near Intact STATUS NPP

NGR SM90704000 COMMUNITY Pencaer COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION A stone-lined spring named after St. Degan, from which a stream runs to the sea, near the site of Capel Degan. The site is recorded on the historical Ordnance Survey maps and modern mapping, located within a field to the north of Tai-bach farmstead (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

The site was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells project but the owners were away and access could not be gained (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 2637

NAME FFYNNON LLYGAD;FFYNNON DUNAWD TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Landform CONDITION Intact STATUS NPP

NGR SM73692505 COMMUNITY St Davids and the Cathedral Close COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION Ffynnon Lygaid is a small hollow on the south side of Castell Clegyr Boia (PRN 2655, SAM PE109), a prehistoric enclosed settlement. Its name suggests either a curative quality for eyes or derives from its shape. The well is recorded on historic Ordnance Survey maps and modern mapping (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

Situated on the northwest side of a rock, the well measures 0.40 x 0.20 metres and is recessed for 0.30 metres. It is apparently an 'ebb and flow well', and a report from c.1603

states that children looked at it in order to learn the state of the sea tides (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

Although Ffynnon Lygaid is located within the scheduled area for Clegyr-Boia Camp (SAM PE109), it is not mentioned within the scheduling description (M.Ings, 2011)

PRN 2641

NAME FFYNNON FAIDDOG TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Landform CONDITION Damaged STATUS NPP

NGR SM73842720 COMMUNITY St Davids and the Cathedral Close COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION Site of a spring 1.5 miles northwest of St. David's, possibly associated with St. Maedog, the Welsh name for St. Aidan. The spring is recorded on historic Ordnance Survey maps and modern mapping, although a report from 1966 says that road widening has probably drained the well, leaving no trace except for a vague, dry hollow (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources)

PRN 2669

NAME ST MARY'S WELL;PISTYLL DEWI TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Destroyed STATUS NPP

NGR SM75212541 COMMUNITY St Davids and the Cathedral Close COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION A well located within the churchyard of St. David's Cathedral, traditionally assigned to Saint David who prayed to God for a new well during a drought - at times it ran with wine and milk. It was identified with St. Mary's Well, which rises near the east end of the cathedral. Its location is recorded on historic Ordnance Survey maps but not on modern mapping. No trace of the well was found in 1966 (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

Field visits in 1997 and 2002 (J. Trier) found no sign of the spring or well in the bank at the eastern end of the cathedral. The Dean of the cathedral said that there had been no sign of the spring during renovation of the bank retaining wall in 2002. Water was seen to flow from an aperture built into the base of the Close wall, at the top of the bank in the northeastern corner.

PRN 2672

NAME WHITEWELL TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Building CONDITION Restored STATUS NPP , scheduled ancient monument PE482

NGR SM75092514 COMMUNITY St Davids and the Cathedral Close COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION A well beneath an arched covering located south of St. David's Cathedral Close, where a hospital was founded by Bishop Bell (1280-1283). The site is recorded on historic Ordnance Survey maps and modern mapping (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

The well is located with scheduled area PE482, Whitewell. The SAM description records a surviving well structure with a rectangular opening 0.65 metres high and 0.55 metres wide. The well head is constructed of roughly dressed blocks of local stone, with a Caerbwdy sandstone threshold, rear slab and roof. The stream runs from the well to the northwest of the field (Cadw, 1996). J Trier (2004) records that the well would have served those residing at the priory hospital, and would doubtless have been visited, together with the chapel, by pilgrims on their way to the cathedral from St Non‟s Well and Chapel half a mile south of Whitewell.

PRN 2687

NAME FFYNON DEWI TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Not Known STATUS NPP

NGR SM7726 COMMUNITY St Davids and the Cathedral Close COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION A well listed by Jones (1954) as a Class B Holy Well; he refers (page 206) to a record of it being on Harglodd Issa Farm in 1669. A field visit in 1966 could not identify the well and its location remains uncertain (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

Two wells are marked on the modern map, just to the south and the southeast of Harglodd- isaf Farmstead, feeding into a stream that runs down to a ford at Dwr Cleifion ('water of the sick'). J.Trier (1997) records that, at Dwr Cleifion, pilgrims following the old southern route to St Davids via Whitchurch are reputed to have sought cures and washed their feet before entering the outer precincts of St Davids shrine. The symbolic link between a well of the patron saint and the restorative and cleansing waters of the ford is clear.

PRN 2707

NAME FFYNNON PEN-ARTHUR TYPE Holy Well, Boundary Marker PERIOD Medieval

FORM Other Structure CONDITION Near Intact STATUS NPP

NGR SM75082656 COMMUNITY St Davids and the Cathedral Close COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION Recorded as a holy well that was a boundary mark for a manor at St David's - standing at the end of the land of Arthur. Three inscribed stones, including Mesur y Dorth which is now in St. David's Cathedral, are said to have originally stood around the well. A field visit in

1966 found the well to be covered by a modern chamber, with no trace of antiquity (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

The well was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells project of 2011. As in 1966, it was seen to be under a modern concrete covering, located within a fenced-off area of thick vegetation. The nearby pump house suggests that the well is still used as a water source (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 2722

NAME NINE WELLS THE TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Other Structure CONDITION Damaged/ Near Intact STATUS NPP

NGR SM78712493 COMMUNITY St Davids and the Cathedral Close COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION The village of Nine Wells was an important centre for medieval pilgrims enroute to Non's Well and St David's. Mass was celebrated at the wells and rosaries were dipped there. There are five possible wells located on an area of lawn beside the A487. Four are beneath modern covers but the fifth is enclosed in a roofed chamber built of coursed ashlar blocks. A further well (PRN 2142) is located to the south (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

The site at Nine Wells was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells project of 2011. The surviving wellhouse has a curved, arched roof and a step down to the well chamber, which still contains water, with a vertical stone slab across the entrance (M.Ings, 2011)

PRN 2727

NAME ST NON'S WELL TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Near Intact/ Restored STATUS NPP , guardianship ancient monument

NGR SM75102438 COMMUNITY St Davids and the Cathedral Close COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION A medieval well located near to St. Non's chapel, St David's, that reputedly had curative qualities. During restoration work in the 18th century it was covered by a plain dome of masonry. Coins were found in it during cleaning in 1825 and there are antiquarian references to offerings of pins and pebbles. The well was restored and re-dedicated by the

Catholic Church in 1951. The site now has the status of 'guardianship ancient monument' (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

The site was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells project of 2011. The spring rises beneath the 18th century stone arched dome, the interior to which was limewashed. Numerous coins were in the water. At the entrance to the dome there are stone kerbs through which the water is channeled into a rectangular stone basin, surrounded by cobbles. This area lies slightly below ground level. From here the overflow runs westward into the adjacent field (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 2739

NAME FFYNNON WEN TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Landform CONDITION Damaged STATUS None recorded

NGR SM844270 COMMUNITY Brawdy COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION Ffynnon Wen, between Treiva and Hendre House, was once regarded as a Holy Well (Jones, 1954). It is not recorded on historic Ordnance Survey maps and a field visit in 1966 found only a marshy area (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

PRN 2740

NAME FFYNNON DEWI TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Damaged/ Near Intact STATUS None recorded

NGR SM83342544 COMMUNITY Solva COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION Site of a spring where, it is said, pilgrims to St. David's visited and it was held in high repute for curative purposes. It was recorded in 1964 to be a cavity measuring 0.6 metres square and 0.6 metres deep, the lower portion possibly lined with stones (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

The site was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells project of 2011. It comprises a stone-lined chamber measuring approximately 0.75 metres square, located within a fenced-off area of thick

vegetation and scrub at the edge of woodland. Water appeared to enter the chamber from the northwest corner and, although it was heavily silted, a ranging rod could be inserted to a depth of some 0.40 metres to a solid base. The stones that define the chamber are rounded and unmortared. (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 2783

NAME FFYNNON DDEGFEL TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Restored/ Not known STATUS NPP

NGR SM81722448 COMMUNITY Solva COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION Saint Degfel traditionally drank and bathed his eyes at this well while on a pilgrimage from Haverfordwest to St. David's. Recorded ( Jones 1954) to have been visited as a cure for warts within living memory. The well was covered over by 1964 and a field visit in 1966 reported the well chamber to be constructed of concrete and corrugated iron, with an "unusually strong flow of water issuing from a modern spout". The site of the well is shown on historic Ordnance Survey maps and modern mapping (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

PRN 2807

NAME BATHESLAND TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Documents CONDITION Destroyed STATUS NPP

NGR SM868207 COMMUNITY Nolton and Roch COUNTY Pembrokeshire

HER DESCRIPTION Site of a 'holy well' recorded to the north of Bathesland Farm in 1925. A field trip in 1966 found no trace of the well and its location is now uncertain (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

PRN 2866

NAME FFYNNON DEWY TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Landform CONDITION Intact STATUS None recorded

NGR SM87533065 COMMUNITY Mathry COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION A well recorded on Mabws Fach farm in 1842 and listed as a holy well by Jones (1954). The site is one in a line of springs that rise along the northern flank of the ridge to the south of Mabws-fach farm. Water rising on the north-west boundary of a field named Parc ffynnon dewy is the likely spring named Ffynnon Ddewi. The location of this is marked by a 'notch'

in the hedge boundary at NGR SM87533066. Water is stored for use by the farm in the well located in the adjacent field, named Wellfield. (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

The well serving the farm and marked on modern maps is within a fenced and overgrown area within a field immediately south of the farm. Here there is a turf-covered structure which, at the time of the 2011 site visit, was covered in thick vegetation with only a modern red-brick and iron cover visible (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 3094

NAME ELLEN'S WELL TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Landform CONDITION Not known STATUS NPP

NGR SM86830354 COMMUNITY Angle COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION Ellen's Well is listed by Jones (1954) as being on the cliffs half a mile east of Chapel Bay, Angle. The well is recorded on historic Ordnance Survey maps and it was described in 1965 as a shapeless hollow with no trace of masonry (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

The site was visited by J.Trier in 1998 and recorded as clear water emerging from the moss- covered sandstone of a ledge above Dangleddau Estuary. The outflow stream carved an opening in a retaining bank on the cliff-edge and cascaded down to the shoreline rocks. In the 19th century the spring was kept clean for those labouring in the fields (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 31021

NAME MIDDLETON HALL TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval, Post-medieval

FORM Documents;o.struct CONDITION Near Destroyed/ Restored STATUS None recorded

NGR SN52701882 COMMUNITY Llanarthne COUNTY Carmarthenshire

DESCRIPTION The site was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells project of 2011. A reconstructed horseshoe- shaped wall surrounds the well chamber and stone steps lead down to the water, with a possible stone seat set into the southeast side. An information board at the site has a painting by Thomas Hornor (1815) showing a man walking down the steps as he visits the chalybeate spring. Hornor called this spring 'The Grotto of Hygrea'. The well is now located within a picnic area just off a footpath through the woods near Pont Felin-gat (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 3130

NAME NOLTON CROSS TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Documents CONDITION Not known STATUS None recorded

NGR SM878175 COMMUNITY Nolton and Roch COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION Site of a well recorded near Nolton Cross by W.F.Grimes (undated) but not shown on historic Ordnance Survey maps nor since found. Modern mapping shows the recorded location to now be within a caravan park (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources). The only known well at Nolton Cross is at NGR SM87851748 and this is now a cess pit (Owner of Nolton Farm, 1975).

PRN 3193

NAME ST LEONARD'S WELL TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Intact STATUS None recorded

NGR SM95520808 COMMUNITY Rosemarket COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION A strong spring located by the roadside a short distance from the parish church. No structure recorded around the well-chamber and no local traditions associated with it. A field visit in 1965 reported that the spring had been enclosed within an iron pipe, from which a trickle of water issues. The well is marked on historic Ordnance Survey maps and modern mapping (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

The site was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells project of 2011. Water emanates from the base of a steep, concrete revetment bank, set back from the roadside in an elliptical recess. Some water drips from the pipe set into the bank but the main flow now comes from towards the base of the revetment. Two steps are placed below the dripping water, which then flows towards the road (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 3213

NAME BURTON TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Restored STATUS None recorded

NGR SM98530561 COMMUNITY Burton COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION A medieval holy/baptismal well sensitively restored/reconstructed by Preseli District Council as part of an MSC scheme between 1985 and 1986. Consists of mortared stone work and incorporates a small pond in addition to the baptismal well (RSR December 2002).

There are several springs located below the church that provide water to fill the baptismal bath, which is located on the southwest wall of St. Mary's churchyard in Burton. It is recorded on historic Ordnance Survey maps and modern mapping. The structure comprises

a 5 metre square enclosure, defined by walls some 1.8 metres high. (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

The well was recorded during the Cadw Holy wells project. Notes from " A brief history of Burton Parish Church, Pembrokeshire" by Revd. John Hale (2000) says that the well was possibly constructed in 1865-67, when the church underwent a thorough restoration. The first recorded baptism by immersion at Burton Churchyard took place in 1867. The well was once the only water supply in the village of Burton (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 3259

NAME ST DECUMAN'S WELL;ST AGNES' WELL TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Landform CONDITION Damaged STATUS NPP

NGR SM90170209 COMMUNITY Hundleton COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION A well dedicated to Saint Decuman, Saint Degman or Saint Degyman, located in the vicinity of Rhoscrowther Church. It was originally arched over but this had gone by at least 1925. It was recorded in 1965 to comprise the remains of a well chamber set within a cattle-trampled hollow, with many scattered stones lying around (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

The site was seen during the Cadw Holy Well project of 2011. It appeared as described in 1965 and 1975, a watering-hole for cattle comprising a sub-circular hollow from which a stream of water runs northwards towards the marshy area in the adjacent field. Some exposed stones were visible but the area has been heavily poached (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 3290

NAME ST NICHOLAS' WELL TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Building CONDITION Near Intact STATUS None recorded

NGR SM97610095 COMMUNITY Pembroke COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION Listed as a Class 'A' holy well (wells bearing the names of saints) by Jones (1954), the well chamber is 3.0 metres in diameter and 2.0 metres high and is housed within a stone structure with a, possibly medieval, pointed corbel roof. It may have been a conduit house serving St. Nicholas' Priory (PRN 3273), Monkton, to the north. The waterflow heads towards Monkton by way of Watery Lane (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

The well was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells project of 2011. It is hidden away within a fenced-off area of private woodland, set into a north-facing bank, with a steep bank to the

east and a length of drystone wall to the west. Much of the well structure is obscured by vegetation but it appears to comprise a gable-ended roof, a square entrance and within, a semi-circular well chamber holding water. A pipe protrudes from beneath the entrance and a stream of water flows northward toward Watery Lane (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 3311

NAME ST LEONARD'S WELL TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Restored STATUS None recorded

NGR SM98581890 COMMUNITY Rudbaxton COUNTY Pembrok eshire

DESCRIPTION A well located on the northeast rampart of Rudbaxton Rath (SAM PE101) and associated with the medieval St Leonard's Chapel. The chapel has now gone but the well was restored in c.1915 (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

The site was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells project of 2011. It comprises an arched stone structure with an arched entrance to the well chamber. Above the entrance there is an inscription, the surviving letters of which read ONS STI LEONARD. There is an arched niche within the rear wall of the well chamber. The well was dry. It was noted that the well was almost totally concealed by vegetation and that plants are established on the stonework. Several cracks in the masonry were evident (M.Ings 2011).

PRN 3331

NAME LADY WELL TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Damaged STATUS None recorded

NGR SM95501522 COMMUNITY Haverfordwest COUNTY Pembrokeshire

HER DESCRIPTION A well believed to have belonged to the (now ruined) Augustinian priory in Haverfordwest. A field visit in 1920 recorded it to be in a sad state of neglect and it is now occupied by a modern drain (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

The site was recorded by J.Trier in 1998, located by a footpath at the end of Winch Crescent, beside the wall of the old Priory Mount Workhouse. The front of a well chamber, covered with vegetation, was found at the foot of a bank. It stood three feet high by four feet wide, with a 'capstone' and a roughly constructed stone surround. The original opening was blocked with rubble and the top patched with cement. The ground in front of the well was soft, indicating the prescence of water either from the well's overflow or from a stream culverted beneath the path. (M.Ings 2011)

PRN 3336

NAME ST CARADOC'S WELL TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Restored STATUS None recorded

NGR SM94221427 COMMUNITY Haverfordwest COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION A medieval well, first mentioned in 1315, associated with a hermitage. Traditionally it was visited by lovers on the morning of a fair held there on Easter Monday. The well was enclosed in 1838 (M,Ings, 2011, from various sources).

The site was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells project of 2011. A well was located, cut into the northern bank of Merlin's Brook, comprising an approximately square, drystone lined and waterfilled basin fed by a spring emanating from within the bank. An overflow channel to the east allows water to reach the stream below. Below the well, beside Merlin's Brook, is a further, rectilinear stone basin with a cut channel again allowing the water to overflow to the stream. This site is located further west (approximate NGR SM94091422) along Merlin's Brook than the earlier records suggest. However it is the same site identified as St Caradog's Well by Cope (2008) in his 'Holy Wells:Wales' (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 3495

NAME ST DAVID'S WELL TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Near Destroyed STATUS NPP

NGR SN02720444 COMMUNITY Cosheston COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION Marked as "Wells" on the 1995 edition of the OS 1:25,000 Outdoor Leisure Map and sited prominently on the spring line above the steep western slopes of the Carew River. There was, seemingly, a stone well head structure and pilgrimages were made to the well, one of many in Pembrokeshire dedicated to St David. (HJ April 1999 based on Jones,F 1954).

The site was visited by J.Trier in 1997, located in the eastern corner of St. Davids Well field. The spring emerged from a shallow recess in the exposed rock and the water formed a large

muddy pool, strewn with moss-covered stones. Those close to the spring might have been the remnants of the recorded well-head. When a stick was inserted into the mud in front of the source, a flat slab could be felt about nine inches below the surface. The pool was enclosed on three sides by the sloping land and on the north side a gap in the fields ancient boundary wall allowed the water to flow through. (M.Ings 2011)

PRN 3576

NAME ST ELLEN'S WELL TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Documents CONDITION Not known STATUS None recorded

NGR SN05121772 COMMUNITY Llawhaden COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION Traditionally the site of a holy well probably dedicated to Saint Helena. A spring was recorded in 1975 (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

The site was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells project of 2011. The farmer knew of the tradition and showed me the spot, beside an oak that stood out of line with the old field boundary, in the field where a spring was supposed to exist. The ground was wet in the area indicated but the spring itself could not be discerned and there was no evidence for an associated structure. J.Trier (2001) noted that it is possible the site of St Ellen's Well may be the spring located nearby at Deborah's Inn (NGR SN05121731). Either site would have been close to the pilgrim route between Llawhaden and Bletherston and either could have status as a boundary well, being on the border between the parishes of Llawhaden and Wiston. (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 3602

NAME SAINTS WELL TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Documents CONDITION Not known STATUS NPP

NGR SN0010 COMMUNITY Martletwy COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION A Saint's well is mentioned in the 16th century as being in Minwere parish but there is no further information available regarding this site and its location is now uncertain (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

PRN 3612

NAME NEWTON NORTH TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Landform CONDITION Not known STATUS NPP

NGR SN06611333 COMMUNITY Martletwy COUNTY Pembrokeshire

HER DESCRIPTION

Site of a holy well shown on the historic Ordnance survey maps of 1889 and 1907 to the east of Newton North church (M.Ings, from various sources, 2011).

The site was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells project of 2011. Both historic and modern maps record the spring to be located on the eastern side of Newton North Church (SAM PE270), lying just beyond the scheduled area. The church now stands within the Bluestone holiday village complex and the ruins are fenced-off. The immediate area beyond the fencing is under thick, impenetrable undergrowth and the site of the spring could not be accessed (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 36489

NAME FFYNNON LLYGAID;FFYNNON LLIGAID TYPE Spring PERIOD Unknown

FORM None CONDITION Intact STATUS None recorded

NGR SN7564064940 COMMUNITY Ystrad Fflur COUNTY Ceredigion

DESCRIPTION Ffynnon Llygaid is a covered spring that is reputed by locals to have curative powers and be used by pilgrims to Strata Florida Abbey. JH based on CAP 1998.

The site was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells Project of 2011. The spring lies within an area of scrub and woodland and is set within a stone-lined niche. Most of the feature is hidden below a slight, vegetation-covered mound, with just the entrance to the well cavity, fronted by a stone slab, visible. The water is piped from the spring to a holding tank further downhill for use by the owners at Pantyfedwen (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 36494

NAME GLASFFRWD TYPE Well, Holy Well PERIOD Medieval, Post-medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Intact STATUS scheduled ancient monument CD183

NGR SN7599063990 COMMUNITY Ystrad Fflur COUNTY Ceredigion

HER DESCRIPTION A well in the form of an irregular trench or cut, lined with slate slabs, with a rectangular cistern at the southern end accessed by three steps on the eastern side. The water has a tradition for medicinal qualities (M.Ings, 2011) Source: Cadw scheduling description.

The site was visited and photographs taken for the Cadw Holy Wells project of 2011. The well has been cleared of trees and it is now a 'point of interest' on one of the walks through the parkland. Its description as a 'holy' well is possibly open to question, although it is believed to have properties of healing eye complaints (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 3668

NAME CHALYBEATE WELLS TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Restored STATUS listed building LB 2

NGR SN109010 COMMUNITY St Florence COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION Three wells located to the south of Gumfreston church, two of which are chalybeate (contain or taste like iron), where crooked pins were thrown on Easter Day. A record from 1965 says that the wells had recently been restored with cemented wall surrounds (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

The wells were visited during the Cadw Holy Wells project of 2011.The spring water emerges from beneath a bank just to the north of the wells and flows down to fill the three well chambers, two of which are stone-lined. The iron in the water has stained the water and algae orange. The water then flows downstream to the south. Stone steps and slabs have been placed to provide easy access to the site. Phil Cope, in his book "Holy Wells:Wales" (2008), says that each well is reputed to have a different curative quality, with the highest believed to cure leg ailments, the middle, being chalybeate, helped hands and arms and the lower, sulphurous well cured blindness. The shape of each well mirrors the relevant part of the body. Nails are still thrown into the wells on Easter Sunday - a Christian practice that mirrors the pagan offering of bent pins and other metal objects. (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 3676

NAME FFYNNON FAIR;LADY WELL TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Restored STATUS None recorded

NGR SN12410342 COMMUNITY St Mary Out Liberty COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION Site of a spring recorded on Moysland Farm in the late 19th century. Ruined walls and a white carnelian seal, bearing a mitre and coat of arms were found nearby (now missing). The spring was used as a water supply by Tenby council and had a modern covering by 1965 (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

The well located at the recorded grid reference, in the southwest corner of the field, is roughly circular (approximately 1 metre in diameter), stone-lined and over 2 metres deep.

The well was full of water and there was a strong flow down to the field drain to the west. The owner had placed a wooden pallet over the well as a safety precaution. The well once used as a water supply to Tenby, under a modern cast-iron cover and brick-lined, is located in the northwest corner of the field. There is also a third well, in the southeast corner of the same field (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 3692

NAME ST JOHN'S WELL TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Near Intact STATUS NPP , listed building 6241 II

NGR SN1311300786 COMMUNITY Tenby COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION The site of St. John's Well is recorded on historic Ordnance Survey maps, located just east of St. John's Chapel and set into the retaining wall on the south side of Windpipe Lane (later St. John's Hill). In 1539, John Leland mentioned that it was the chief water supply of Tenby (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

The site is now marked by a plaque inscribed in black lead capitals 'Under this stone is St. John's Well for many centuries the sole water supply of the inhabitants of Tenby'. It is set in a gabled surround of tooled grey limestone on top of a rubble stone retaining wall (Cadw, 1977/2002).

PRN 3735

NAME ST CANNA'S WELL TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Landform CONDITION Near Destroyed STATUS None recorded

NGR SN17821873 COMMUNITY Henllanfallteg COUNTY Carmarthenshire

DESCRIPTION Canna's Well was reputed to cure the ague and intestinal complaints. An eye witness in 1872 had seen hundreds of pins in the well. The spring is said to have been disrupted by earthmoving in c.1834-5, although it is still recorded on the 1889 1st edition and 1907 2nd edition Ordnance Survey maps, to the east of Saint Canna's Church (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

There is no trace of Canna's well. The owner of the field Mrs Howells, Sarn Las, had no knowledge of the well. The area concerned is overgrown and boggy with a watercourse along the hedge line (ER Evans 20/3/84).

PRN 3747

NAME FFYNNON DEILO TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Landform CONDITION Near Destroyed STATUS None recorded

NGR SN13451471 COMMUNITY Lampeter Velfrey COUNTY Pembrokeshire

HER DESCRIPTION Ffynnon Deilo is a spring, once known for its healing properties, rising in a field of the same name. The historic Ordnance Survey maps show the site to lie within an old quarry. The water once flowed into a roughly constructed well-basin. It was recorded in 1965 that the area had been trampled by cattle and the water receptacle was now in fragments (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

PRN 3752

NAME MARGARET'S WELL TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Other Structure CONDITION Near Intact STATUS None recorded

NGR SN11101186 COMMUNITY Templeton COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION Margaret's Well is recorded on the historic Ordnance Survey maps and on modern mapping, located on the western edge of Templeton. It is set into a bank and housed within a stone well-chamber with a corbelled roof. Reported dry in 1975 (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

The well was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells project of 2011, located by the side of a public footpath. The well chamber contained water and the overflow, across the path, entered a stream to the south. J. Trier (2001) notes that the associations of the village of Templeton with the Knights Templar may suggest that the Margaret dedication refers to Margaret of Antioch, a popular Norman dedication following the crusades (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 3756

NAME STONEDITCH WELL;ST OWEN'S WELL TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Building CONDITION Restored STATUS None recorded

NGR SN09831419 COMMUNITY Narberth COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION A well associated with a possibly late medieval chapel and described by the RCAHM in 1925 as having a beehive-shaped well-house. A visit to the site in 2011 recorded the well to now be housed within a red-brick and concrete structure (M.Ings, 2011).

Valley Farm was once the rectory (PRN 3622), as recorded on the 1887 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, and an unnamed spring is shown in the adjoining field to the north, marked as a well on modern mapping. This site was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells

project of 2011. It is fenced off within a pasture field, beneath a mature tree, and covered with thick vegetation that effectively obscured the form of the well enclosure although it appeared to comprise a modern rectilinear, red-brick lined structure (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 3841

NAME LADY CROWE'S WELL;LADY'S WELL TYPE Holy Well, Bath House PERIOD Medieval

FORM Buried Feature CONDITION Near Destroyed STATUS None recorded

NGR SN20580770 COMMUNITY Eglwyscummin COUNTY Carmarthenshire

HER DESCRIPTION Lady's Well, on Marros Mill Farm, is recorded in 1925-6 as comprising two rectangular, roofless chambers. In 1966 it is recorded as a wellhouse and leat (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

Last year the field was bulldozed to provide a potato field. The entire field is extremely stony, and presumably unsuitable for such cultivation, as it has now reverted back to rough pasture. In the NW corner of the field, just below a steep bank, the proliferation of one type of weed was clearly definable fom the mixture of weeds and grasses. The plants appeared to be growing over a piece of land inhospitable to the other species in the field. Clearly visible were 3 rectangular areas - as shown in plan (see DRF). Presumably 2 of these buildings were those seen by the OS. Other areas in the field had large patches of the same plant but no definable pattern existed with these. (L Weeks DAT 1985)

PRN 40747

NAME FFYNNON SAIN SILYN TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Not known STATUS None recorded

NGR SN53003300 COMMUNITY Llanfihangel Rhos-y-corn COUNTY Carmarthenshire

DESCRIPTION There is a record of a holy well of this name in the vicinity of Capel Sain Silyn, its location is described by TE Davies (1949) as being "rhyw dri lled cae yn erbyn yr afon (Clydach) y mae Ffynnon Sain Silyn" (some three fields up the river Clydach) from the site of Capel Sain Silyn). The location of the site is now uncertain.

PRN 4234

NAME ST DEINIOL'S WELL TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Near Intact STATUS listed building 5999 II

NGR SS1170299331 COMMUNITY Penally COUNTY Pembro keshire

DESCRIPTION Holy well of St. Deiniol or Daniel recorded in 1908 to be near the Church of Penally. A field visit in 1965 reported the well to be recessed 1.4 metres into a high wall, open to the east, 1.20 metres deep and waterfilled (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

The well was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells project of 2011. It is located in front of a private house, the boundary wall to which abutts the well to each side. A stone step provides access to the water below ground level. The ruins of St. Deiniol's Chapel lie on the opposite side of the lane (in the grounds of the Abbey Hotel). This is actually a medieval house that had gothic windows put into the ruin as an early Victorian Fernery. A light has been placed to the side of the well to illuminate it at night (M.Ings, 2011) The well is Grade II listed. It is located beside the lane to the west of the Abbey Hotel. It is approximately circular - 0.9 metres in diameter and stone-lined. The open-fronted, horseshoe shaped superstructure is of local stone rubble and patched with bricks and stands some 2.5 metres high. It is capped with a sloping stone and a lintel at the front. There is a small paved area in front of the well, which is slightly sunk below the level of the lane (Cadw, 1970/1996).

PRN 4293

NAME ST EDREN'S TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Documents CONDITION Not known STATUS None recorded

NGR SM89432830 COMMUNITY Hayscastle COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION A well dedicated to Saint Edrin, or Edren, that was formerly located within the churchyard of Saint Edren's Parish Church (PRN 5975) (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

PRN 4321

NAME LLANDELOG CHURCHYARD WELL TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Damaged STATUS None recorded

NGR SM85682667 COMMUNITY Brawdy COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION Site of a spring recorded on historic Ordnance Survey maps. It was once enclosed with masonry and a piece containing a carved niche was found amongst the remains. A field visit in 1966 reported a sub-rectangular well retained with stone slabs that rise 0.8 metres from water-level to upper ground level. The water is used for domestic purposes (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources) .

The site was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells project of 2011. The stone-lined spring is located on the southwestern edge of Llandeloy Churchyard, the water emanating from beneath the slope down to the boundary. Several substantial stones lie closeby. The water runs from the sub-rectangular chamber down to the field drain to the southwest. The church is now closed and under the care of 'The Friends of Friendless Churches' organisation (M.Ings, 2011)

PRN 4322

NAME LLANREITHAN TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Landform CONDITION Not known STATUS None recorded

NGR SM86962839 COMMUNITY Brawdy COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION Site of a well recorded on historic Ordnance Survey maps and as a spring on modern mapping. No further information is currently available (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 4329

NAME PISTYLL DEWI TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Near Intact/ Not known STATUS NPP

NGR SM73942425 COMMUNITY St Davids and the Cathedral Close COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION A holy well, said to have been miraculously produced for the baptism of St. David, is recorded at Porthclais creek. It is associated with the ruins of Capel y Pistyll and shown on historic Ordnance Survey maps. A field visit in 1921 reported that the spring is protected by a well-head of masonry and is hidden beneath a dense growth of brambles. Clear water was recorded (Trier, 1997) rising within a stone well-chamber with an overgrown roof supported by a stone lintel, and running eastwards through the possible remnant of the demolished chapel (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

The site was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells project of 2011 but could not be seen. The

location of the well was an area of impenetrable woodland that was fenced off and inaccessible. Extensive ruins of a modern redbrick building - remnant of a gasworks - were evident within this area of land, running along its northern boundary (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 4476

NAME CARNCWN WELL TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Inta ct STATUS NPP

NGR SN06303835 COMMUNITYN ewport COUNTY Pembrokeshire

(left) rocky outcrop on Carncwn, location for two pools of water (above) cut into the rock.

DESCRIPTION Carncwn is a rocky outcrop beneath Carn Ingli and the well is located within a cleft of overhanging rock. It is said to rise and fall with the tide and is regarded as a cure for warts (M.Ings, 2011).

The site was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells project of 2011.There are two pools of water within a rock cleft on a northwest facing outcrop, protected by a large 'capping' stone. The pools are some 0.16m deep and cut almost vertically into the rock surface (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 4505

NAME BISHOPS WELL TYPE Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Documents CONDITION Not Known STATUS None recorded

NGR SM983073 COMMUNITY Burton COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION Two 'Bishop's Well' sites are recorded in the Tithe Schedule for Burton Parish, one a field name, but neither could be identified by the RCAHM in 1920. There are several springs in the area but none has this name now. A spring is shown on the 1875 1st edition Ordnance Survey but modern mapping suggests that this area has subsequently been built upon (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

PRN 4541

NAME HIGGON'S WELL TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Building CONDITION Restored STATUS scheduled ancient monument Pe430 ,

listed building 82964[BB] Grade II

NGR SM96151505 COMMUNITY Uzmaston and Boulston COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION Site of a well and well-chapel of great repute and popularity in medieval times. The well is now housed within rectangular stone building with a vaulted roof that was repaired in 1989 (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

The well was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells project of 2011. It is located within a private garden behind the house. An information board at the beginning of Fortune's Frolic footpath says that Higgon's Well is reputed never to have dried up and that its water, which is bottled on the far side of the Cleddau, is available locally (M.Ings, 2011). During the site visit of 2011 the owner of Higgon's Well said that the early 19th century sketch of the well by Norris was held either at Haverfordwest or Tenby Museum.

PRN 46807

NAME FFYNNON LLONWEN TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Intact STATUS None recorded

NGR SN10492726 COMMUNITY Maenclochog COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION Well, situated on the eastern side of the lane which runs north from the Maenclochog- Llangolman road 0.35km west of Capel Llandeilo. Not a known 'holy well', though it was used for baptism by the members of Capel Llandeilo. Associated with undated (early medieval?) inscribed stone PRN 46808, built into its well-head. (NDL 2003 from N Edwards forthcoming).

The well was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells project of 2011. It is located within an area of woodland to the side of, and below, the minor road running north-south between Glanteilo and Hendre. The well chamber is approximately rectangular, measuring c.0.50 x 0.30 metres. It is delineated by high drystone walls to the north (c.1.30 metres high) and west (c.2.60 metres high) and drystone lining to east and south. Water flows into the well below the northern wall and drains off to the south. There are possible stone steps leading down to the well from the roadside. The inscribed stone (PRN 46808) built into the well-head depicts a linear Latin ring-cross and a fish emblem. The well is recorded to be near a ruined church and it is possible that the high drystone walls to the north and west of the well may be remnants of this building. Thick vegetation prevented further exploration (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 4757

NAME FFYNNON GATHEN TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Landform CONDITION Near Destroyed STATUS None recorded

NGR SN57092085 COMMUNITY Llangathen COUNTY Carmarthenshire

DESCRIPTION Placename evidence suggests the presence of a spring or well dedicated to Saint Cathen in the vicinity of Allt y Gaer Farm, to the southwest of Llangathen. There are two fields named Ffynon Gathen and Waen y Ffynnon Gathen recorded on the tithe map. It is listed by Jones (1954), although the entry says that there is now no trace of the well. A spring is located within Ffynon Gathen, represented by a marshy area now drained into a cattle trough. There are no known traditions associated with this site (M.Ings, from various sources, 2011).

The site was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells project of 2011. It was noted that the modern cattle trough was still placed at the location previously recorded for the well and the owner of Allt y Gaer Farm said that rushes grew in the vicinity (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 4775

NAME FFYNNON IAGO TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Landform;o.struct CONDITION Near Destroyed STATUS None recorded

NGR SN54804245 COMMUNITY Llanybydder COUNTY Carmarthenshire

DESCRIPTION Site of a well recorded on historic Ordnance Survey maps and named after the documented location of Capel Iago, across the stream to the south. The site was described as a "copious spring" following a field visit in 1913 (M.Ings, from various sources, 2011).

The site was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells project of 2011. No sign of a well was seen at the recorded location, which is near the southwestern boundary of a pasture field that slopes down towards a stream. Here a wide drainage ditch runs adjacent to the field boundary bank. In parts, the base of the ditch is still very boggy - possibly the result of a spring, although its source was not evident. Several large stones lay scattered around, although they are most likely the result of field clearance rather than the remains of any structure. I was accompanied on my site visit by a local resident who told me that the Ffynnon Iago household, located beyond the northeastern boundary of the field, was supplied by a well above the house to the north. This apparently has a brick structure - it seems possible that the 1983 record relates to this site. (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 4874

NAME ST TYBIE'S WELL;FFYNNON TABITHA TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Landform CONDITION Near Destroyed STATUS None recorded

NGR SN6228114691 COMMUNITY Llandybie COUNTY Carmarthenshire

DESCRIPTION Site of a spring, named after the patron saint of the parish, recorded in 1917 to be about half a mile southeast of the church. It was called 'Ffynnon Tabitha' by Fenton (1913). Shown on historic Ordnance Survey maps as 'Tybie's Well'. Modern mapping shows the area to have since been built on (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

Site visited on account of many new building applications in area. I was reliably informed that this spring/well had been buried by the recent construction of a bungalow. Although the actual site of the spring was a few yards from the building, buried under a very small lawn, there was no sign of water seeping to the surface so presumably the rising water had been piped/diverted to the nearby stream? The occupiers of the new bungalow weren't in so I could not check this. (E Morgan, 1986)

PRN 49261

NAME PISTYLL TEILO TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Documents CONDITION Not known STATUS None recorded

NGR SN436073 COMMUNITY Kidwelly COUNTY Carmarthenshire

DESCRIPTION Site of curative well, `Pistyll Teilo', which was associated with the medieval Capel Teilo PRNs 1619 & 49260. Pistyll Teilo was first mentioned, along with Capel Teilo, in 1593 and was also referred to in 1622 (Jones 1991, 255). The water was said to be good for rheumatism (ibid.). Both well and chapel are dedicated to the `Celtic' St Teilo. The well lay somewhere to the south of the chapel (ibid.), although its precise location is unknown. The chapel site is now overgrown and neither chapel nor well is discernible. NDL 2003.

PRN 49295

NAME FFYNNON FAIR TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Not Known/ Intact STATUS None recorded

NGR SN40793782 COMMUNITY Llangeler COUNTY Carmarthenshire

DESCRIPTION A spring associated with the chapel of St. Mary with a tradition, still held by local residents, of being a holy well. Not shown on historic Ordnance Survey maps (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

The site was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells project of 2011. It is located next to a public footpath that runs westward from the village of Bancyffordd. The spring appears to emanate from beneath the west-facing slope of a pasture field and, where the water runs under the footpath, it has been enclosed by a stone or concrete culvert (now grassed over) before being piped through a revetted bank. The strong flow is collected into a naturally

formed bowl before draining down to an extensive pond and stream, where it supplies water to Dan Capel farm to the northwest (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 4973

NAME FFYNNON FAIR TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Landform CONDITION Not known STATUS None recorded

NGR SN15582002 COMMUNITY Henllanfallteg COUNTY Carmarthenshire

DESCRIPTION A spring recorded (RCAHM, 1917) in a field opposite the village inn in Llanfallteg, although the reason for its name is unknown and has dropped out of use. The site is not shown on historic Ordnance Survey maps or modern mapping (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

In the positon indicated on the map are some slabs of slate, presumably covering the well. No other features of the well are visible. The owner of the land knew the name Fynnon Fair and thought that it may have been closer to the river than the site mentioned above (L Weeks DAT 1985)

PRN 4977

NAME ST DOGFAEL'S WELL TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Landform CONDITION Not known STATUS NPP

NGR SN11773874 COMMUNITY Eglwyswrw COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION Site of a medieval well recorded on historic Ordnance Survey maps just beyond the western boundary of St. Dogfael's Church. The maps show a pathway leading from the church to the well. There are no recorded traditions of healing (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

The site was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells project of 2011. The recorded location of the well is an area of thick woodland and undergrowth, through which a stream flows generally north-south just beyond the boundary bank of the churchyard. No certain identification of a well was made (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 4984

NAME FFYNNON SAMSON TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Documents CONDITION Not known STATUS NPP

NGR SN1030 COMMUNITY Mynachlog-ddu COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION Fynnon Samson is referred to in the 1925 RCAHM 'Inventory of the County of Pembroke', as being impossible to locate with any certainty. We only have a four figure grid reference for

the site and currently no further information (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

PRN 5003

NAME LLANDDINOG WELL TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Restored STATUS None recorded

NGR SM83042710 COMMUNITY Brawdy COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION Listed by Jones (1954) as the holy well of a chapel said to have been at Llanddynog Farm. The 1st edition Ordnance Survey map and modern mapping record several sites of springs and wells on the farm. A site visit in 1997 identified the well in the northeast corner of the pond as the site of Llanddiniog Well. (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

The well was visited by J.Trier in 1997 and was recorded to be located at the north-eastern corner of the pond and built from a few large stones set into the bank. Clear spring water occasionally bubbled up from beneath the stones into a bed of cress (M.Ings 2011).

PRN 5075

NAME FFYNNON FYRNACH TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Landform CONDITION Intact STATUS None recorded

NGR SN22532926 COMMUNITY Crymych COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION Site of a well recorded in 1925 to be located about a mile and a half south of the parish church and a mile north of Ffynnonwen, near the ford called Rhyd y maengwyn. It is traditionally believed to have healing properties (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

The well was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells project of 2011. The spring is located within a hollow close to the southern boundary of a pasture field and it is now enclosed by a plastic container. The overflow runs down to the west in a wide channel (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 5081

NAME FFYNNON FRYNACH TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Near Intact/ Not known STATUS None recorded

NGR SN20922327 COMMUNITY Llanboidy COUNTY Carmarthenshire

DESCRIPTION Recorded in 1917 as a spring located about a half mile west of Llanboidy parish church and referred to as the "saint's well". Traditionally its waters were 'good for sick people' (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

Fynnon Frynach situated at the head of a small wooden valley. The water seeps from the rock surface and is now collected in two slate troughs. There is no sign of a well chamber (ER Evans 1984)

PRN 5082

NAME FFYNNON WYNIO; FFYNNON WEN TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Landform CONDITION Not known STATUS None recorded

NGR SN24942440 COMMUNITY Llanwinio COUNTY Carmarthenshire

DESCRIPTION Parc Ffynnon Wynio is recorded as a field name on the Tithe Schedule for Llanwinio Parish, although there was no sign of a spring by 1917 and the name is no longer used (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

No information concerning the holy well. A well has been sunk into the farm courtyard for domestic use. ER Evans 1984.

PRN 5086

NAME FFYNNON DDWYSANT TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Landform CONDITION Not known STATUS None recorded

NGR SN22063672 COMMUNITY Boncath COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION The name Ffynnon-ddwysant is attached to a cottage, now ruined, shown on historic Ordnance Survey maps. A number of springs are shown in the vicinity. During a visit in 1914, the owner of Ffynnon-ddwysant said that the holy well was a spring rising in a cornfield "to the south of the road and that the name 'Two Saints' was derived from 'Ddwy fenydda' (two holy or good women) who had lived by the well" (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 5184

NAME LLANFIHANGEL GENAU'R GLYN CHURCH; TYDDIN PLANTATION TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Building CONDITION Damaged/ Restored STATUS None recorded

NGR SN62338690 COMMUNITY Geneu'r Glyn COUNTY Ceredigion

DESCRIPTION Site of a well whose waters gained popularity as a cure for rheumatism in the 1860s. It was originally surrounded by a small building with seats placed around it. It was filled in during

the 2nd World War and not reopened until 1975. A plaque above the well says that it was restored in 1993 (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

The well was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells poject of 2011. It is located below Llanfihangel church, on the south side. The well itself is now lined with concrete and has an iron grill above it, on which is placed a slate slab. This is set within a paved public space, with a bench, and the well itself is within a square of flat stone slabs that incorporates a stone step down to the level of the grill. The curative powers of the well were well known in the 1860s and its waters were even advertised on Paddington station (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 5258

NAME FFYNNONSAINT TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Place-name;landform CONDITION Intact STATUS None recorded

NGR SN37022125 COMMUNITY Newchurch and Merthyr COUNTY Carmarthenshire

DESCRIPTION A spring named after the nearby farmstead (PRN 11681), the site is not recorded on historic Ordnance Survey maps and the RCAHM (1917) record that there is no well at the specified site. The spring is depicted on modern mapping to the north of Ffynnonsaint farm (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

The owner believes that the farm name is derived from the spring situated at SN 37022125. There is no local folklore concerning the well and the owner could offer no explanation as to the 'Saint' aspect in the name. ER Evans 1984.

PRN 5266

NAME REBECCA'S WELL TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Landform CONDITION Destroyed STATUS None recorded

NGR SN35393801 COMMUNITY Llangeler COUNTY Carmarthenshire

DESCRIPTION A well recorded in 1917, said to have once been much frequented but is now quite neglected. It is shown on historic Ordnance Survey maps and modern mapping, labelled as chalybeate (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

The site was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells project of 2011. At the recorded location there was a natural hollow in the topography, filled with dense vegetation including reeds, but no sign of water at the surface. The well is presumed to have silted up and is now overgrown. The only pool of water in the vicinity was recorded to the southwest at NGR SN35323795, where a rivulet has flooded another natural hollow (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 5513

NAME FFYNNON PEULIN TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Landform CONDITION Not known STATUS None recorded

NGR SN788470 COMMUNITY Llanfair-ar-y-bryn COUNTY Carmarthenshire

DESCRIPTION A holy well, associated with the cult of St Peulin or Paulinus, the reputed teacher of St David. The site is not recorded on historic Ordnance Survey maps and its location is uncertain (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

PRN 571

NAME WARREN CHURCHYARD TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Near Intact/ Intact STATUS listed building LB 2, pcnp

NGR SR93199750 COMMUNITY Castlemartin COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION Well located within the churchyard of St. Mary's Parish Church in Warren (M.Ings, 2011).

The well was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells project of 2011. It has a circular stone- lined, water-filled chamber that has been surrounded by a stone wall capped with concrete and covered by an iron grill (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 5746

NAME FFYNNON-DDEUDIR;FFYNNON-DDEINIOL? TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Landform CONDITION Not known STATUS None recorded

NGR SN326480 COMMUNITY Penbryn COUNTY Ceredigion

DESCRIPTION Listed by Jones in 1954, the spring is known locally as Ffynnon Deudir and was recorded in 1976 to be partly enclosed by a modern brick-chamber and in domestic use. Its location is now uncertain, although a well is shown on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, just to the southwest of Ffynnon-ddeudir farm (NGR SN32554801) (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

PRN 5762

NAME FFYNNON-FAIR TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Landform;place-nam CONDITION Not known STATUS None recorded

NGR SN344446 COMMUNITY Llandyfriog COUNTY Ceredigion

DESCRIPTION There is currently no available information regarding this site. The name is associated with a

farm, which is recorded on historic Ordnance Survey maps and modern mapping. Two springs are shown close to the stream just to the east of the farmstead. Which, if either, is PRN 5762 is uncertain. The remains of St. Mary's Church (PRN 2333) are located to the southwest of the Ffynnon-fair farmstead (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

PRN 5773

NAME FFYNNON FENDIGAID TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Landform CONDITION Not known STATUS None recorded

NGR SN33095005 COMMUNITY Penbryn COUNTY Ceredigion

DESCRIPTION Spring shown to the north of, and named after, the nearby farmstead on historic Ordnance Survey maps (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 580

NAME WAKESWELL TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Not Known STATUS NPP

NGR SR9596 COMMUNITY Stackpole COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION A well listed by Francis Jones (1954). There is no available information for this site and its location is uncertain (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 5833

NAME FFYNNON CEDNY TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Not Known STATUS None recorded

NGR SN20354793 COMMUNITY Y Ferwig COUNTY Ceredigion

DESCRIPTION Site of a spring with no recorded associated tradition and uncertain location (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 5836

NAME FFYNNON-DWRGI TYPE Holy Well, Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Landform CONDITION Not known STATUS None recorded

NGR SN23404678 COMMUNITY Llangoedmor COUNTY Ceredigion

HER DESCRIPTION A natural spring. The site is not listed as a holy well by Jones and there is no local tradition of curative properties (MJF, 1975).

The site is shown on historic Ordnance Survey maps and modern mapping. The name translates as "otter spring" (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

PRN 5841

NAME FFYNNON CRIPIL TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Intact STATUS None recorded

NGR SN25504560 COMMUNITY Beulah COUNTY Ceredigion

DESCRIPTION Spring or well recorded on historic Ordnance Survey maps and recorded as a holy well by F.Jones (1954). The name suggests that the water was believed have curative powers (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

The site was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells project of 2011. It is located in the corner of an area of woodland, beneath steep hedgebanks. It comprises a large stone reservoir with a slate slab lid, measuring some 1.75x1.00 metres and standing approximately 0.50 metres high. A modern pipe protrudes from the front of the reservoir, feeding water into a gully that runs eastward towards the Ffynnon Cripil farmstead, via a second reservoir with a modern covering (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 5843

NAME FFYNNON FAIR TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Landform CONDITION Not known STATUS None recorded

NGR SN27084961 COMMUNITY Aberporth COUNTY Ceredigion

DESCRIPTION Site listed as a holy well by Jones (1954) located near Blaenporth. A spring is depicted within Ffynnon Fair farmstead on the 1888 1st edition Ordnance Survey map but not on later maps (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

PRN 5851

NAME FFYNNON DEWI TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Other Structure CONDITION Intact STATUS None recorded

NGR SN25034292 COMMUNITY Beulah COUNTY Ceredigion

DESCRIPTION

A spring is recorded on the 1906 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, at the entrance to the trackway leading to Ffynnon-Dewi farmstead, and listed as a holy well by F.Jones (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

The site was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells project of 2011. The squared well chamber is dug into the hedgebank by the side of the gateway to Ffynnon Dewi Farm and was obscured by vegetation. A gully across the verge, heavily silted and choked with vegetation at the time of the visit, took any overflow to a roadside drain. (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 6130

NAME FFYNNON DREWI?; FFYNNON DDEWI? TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Other Structure CONDITION Intact STATUS None recorded

NGR SN62106746 COMMUNITY Lledrod COUNTY Ceredigion

HER DESCRIPTION Three stone-lined wells in a line with a local tradition of each having a different curative power (M.Ings, 2011).

The site was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells project of 2011. The three wells are located within an expanse of open moorland and marsh, set into the base of a northeast facing slope. The pools of water are defined by placed stones with a 'capping' stone sheltering each one. A mug has been left for travellers to drink from. (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 61508

NAME FFYNNON FAIR TYPE Well PERIOD Post-medieval

FORM Building CONDITION Intact STATUS listed building 27071 II

NGR SN3495310734 COMMUNITY Llansteffan COUNTY unitary

DESCRIPTION Grade II listed well dedicated to Saint Mary, located close to Saint Stephen's Church and of possible medieval origins (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

The well was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells project of 2011. It comprises a well chamber set into the property walls of two houses, Ffynnon Fair and Mary's Well, that front Llansteffan High Street and has an opening on to the pavement. This opening has a pitched, triangular top. No water was evident within (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 6325

NAME FYNNON WEN;FYNNON GYBI TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Intact/ Near Intact STATUS listed building 14543 II

NGR SN6053952828 COMMUNITY Llangybi COUNTY Ceredigion

DESCRIPTION Ffynnon Gybi is situated near Llangybi Church. It was formerly roofed and the water flowed into a 'bath' which had seats around it to accomodate bathers. The waters were said to relieve scrofula, scurvy and rheumatism. The bath, but not the roof, still survives. There is a tradition that St Cybi lived nearby at a house called Llety Gybi (MP 2010 based on F. Jones) .

The site was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells project of 2011. It is located just off the A485, within a fenced-off wooded area. It is signposted and handrailed steps lead down to the well. It now comprises a well chamber, beneath a large capping stone, and a stonewall-lined, rectilinear basin that is bridged by two flat stone slabs. The water then runs off into a stream to the west (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 638

NAME CAPEL BEGEWDIN;CAPEL BIGAWDIN TYPE Chapel, Well Chapel PERIOD Medieval

FORM Building CONDITION Damaged STATUS liste d building 9395 II*

NGR SN5115314712 COMMUNITY Llanddarog COU NTY Carmarthenshire

DESCRIPTION The ruined remains of a medieval chapel, of mainly 16th century date, built over a holy well (M.Ings, 2011). The site was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells project of 2011. The chapel ruins are located within established woodland that borders pasture fields on Wern-las Farm. The spring appears to rise in the northeast corner and a flow of water finds its way along the central length of the chapel and out of the doorway, before flowing downslope to the west and north. The water has reputed curative qualities for sprains (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 646

NAME CAPEL ERBACH;CAPEL HERBACH TYPE Chapel, Well Chapel PERIOD Medieval

FORM Building CONDITION Damaged STATUS None recorded

NGR SN52951472 COMMUNITY Gorslas COUNTY Carmarthenshire

DESCRIPTION Remains of late-medieval, masonry chapel-of-ease to Llanarthne parish (RCAHM 1917, 70- 71 no.193). A curative well lies within the building and a number of other springs rise nearby. It was in ruins by 1833 (Lewis 1833).

The site sits on a levelled platform cut into a steep slope of a wooded valley above a stream. The building, of well-dressed limestone blocks, is aligned approximately WSW-ENE. The western wall - with arched entrance doorway and trifoliated lancet window above - survives almost intact. Internal masonry to the left of the entrance suggests that there may have been steps, possibly up to the bellcote. The southern wall stands some three metres high for much of its length, within which there are three recesses, at the same level and of similar dimensions, but only the central one appears to be an aperture right through the wall and is a probable window. The eastern wall is built into the bank and incorporates a stone niche in the northern corner that presumably once housed an effigy. Little of the western wall survives and now comprises some stonework at the base of the bank. The features of the floor were obscured by a thick layer of fallen leaves, although it was evident that the eastern end is raised. The chapel is recorded as a "well-chapel" and, although no well was evident, an exposed section of a fast- flowing, stone-lined water channel, below floor level, was located just within the entranceway, presumably emanating from a natural spring (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 647

NAME CAPEL LLANLLIAN; CAPEL LLANLLUAN;DAULLIAN'S CHAPEL TYPE Chapel, Well Chapel PERIOD Medieval

FORM Building CONDITION Near Destroyed STATUS None recorded

NGR SN55441557 COMMUNITY Gorslas COUNTY Carmarthenshire

DESCRIPTION Site of a medieval chapel, mentioned in 1326, still extant in the mid-16th century but more or less gone by 1833, built at the site of the holy well of Ffynnon Lluan. The spring still flows strongly (M.Ings, from various sources, 2011).

The site of the medieval well chapel of St.Lluan, built at the site of the holy well of Ffynnon Lluan. The chapel is mentioned in the Black Book of St Davids (1326AD) and it was a chapel-of-ease to Llanarthney parish church in post-medieval times. In the 18th century,

Capel Lluan had a new lease of life when it became the focus of Methodist activity in the district. In 1840, The Calvanistic Methodists built a new chapel nearby (Capel Llanlluan PRN22089) and the medieval chapel fell into disuse In 1917, the Royal Commission described evidence of a small burial ground and faint traces of an enclosing wall. By 1968, descriptions of the site reported that there was no longer surface evidence of such features, although both these accounts contradict later reports. There is now little surviving evidence of the chapel building, which was described as being down to its foundations in 1983. The owner at that time thought that the chapel had been dismantled sometime after 1861 to build a new house at nearby Capel Farm. However, archaeologically the site may well be quite sensitive. In 1983, it was also reported that much of the churchyard wall could still be seen, but that the chapel itself had been reduced to foundations.

The chapel was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells project of 2011. The site lies within a pasture field and is defined by a level platform defined by relatively steep slopes to the east, west and south. This flat area is very boggy and overgrown with aquatic plants, caused by the spring water that appears to emanate from the southern end. This water flows through the northeast corner of the platform to form a stream in the lower field to the north. There is possibly some remnant of walling in the northwestern corner and several stones are exposed on the slopes around the platform (M.Ings, 2011)

PRN 649

NAME FFYNNON-LLUAN TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Landform CONDITION Near Destroyed STATUS None recorded

NGR SN55571714 COMMUNITY Llanarthney COUNTY Carmarthenshire

DESCRIPTION Site of a well recorded on the 1906 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map and listed by Jones (1954) as a holy well associated with the chapel Of Llanlluan. Field observation in 1983 reported that the well had been filled in (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

The spring is situated just behind the farmhouse the owner said that up until 18 years ago the spring had been enclosed and had supported the house with water. Since the mains supply had been connected the well had fallen into disuse and has been filled in. The site of the old well is still wet and boggy however. The owner could not tell us anything of the history of the well (AS Maull 1983)

PRN 651

NAME FFYNNON SANTAIDD Y TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Damaged STATUS None recorded

NGR SN51621763 COMMUNITY Llanddarog COUNTY Carmarthenshire

DESCRIPTION The site is recorded as a 'Holy Well' - Y Ffynon Santaidd - on historic Ordnance Survey maps and modern mapping. However, it is not associated with any saint. The RCAHM (1917) described a tiny spring rising within a small enclosure and the overflow passing into a stone trough before finding its way to a stream. A modern concrete pipe had been placed inside the damaged stone enclosure by 1966 (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

The well was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells project of 2011. The spring was contained within a concrete pipe, capped with a slab of slate, and water flowed northward through a grassed over gully. There were several exposed stones around the pipe and at the edges of the gully but no structural remains (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 669

NAME FFYNNON-NON TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Near Intact STATUS None recorded

NGR SN53710795 COMMUNITY Llannon COUNTY Carmarthenshire

DESCRIPTION A medieval well where, traditionally, Non drew water. It was recorded in 1967 as consisting of a stone built, rectangular basin measuring 0.5 metres square and partly covered by a corrugated iron sheet (M. Ings, 2011, from various sources).

The well was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells project of 2011. It is located just within the front garden, to the right of the gate, of the house named form the well. It is stone or brick- lined and some 0.60m square. The house is now a residential home and the well has been concreted over as a precautionary measure. The manager of the home recalls an iron grill once covering the well (M. Ings, 2011).

PRN 7502

NAME ST JUSTINIAN'S WELL TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Restored STATUS NPP

NGR SM72402522 COMMUNITY St Davids and the Cathedral Close COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION A well located to the southeast of St. Justinian's chapel and now housed within a rubble stone enclosure of possible 19th century date (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

The site was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells project of 2011. Unfortunately the padlock to the well-house had apparently rusted up and needed replacing so I couldn't view the well itself (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 7523

NAME FFYNNON GWENLAIS TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Restored STATUS None recorded

NGR SN60031609 COMMUNITY Llanfihangel Aberbythych COUNTY Carmarthenshire

DESCRIPTION Site of a holy well associated with medieval Cappel Gwenlais (PRN 790).

The site was seen during the Cadw Holy Wells project of 2011. It is located within a hollow populated by dense undergrowth and several trees. One of these trees is a tall, mature yew tree (as recorded by Fenton in the 19th century). A spring emanates from below the western bank of a rectilinear pond and there is a concrete-lined well, with a modern, manhole cover, in the southwest corner. The overflow drains off to form a stream to the east. A remnant of possible masonry to the west of the well may be a remnant of the former chapel, although it was obscured by heavy vegetation (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 7534

NAME ST FFRAID'S WELL TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Restored STATUS NPP

NGR SN116392 COMMUNITY Nevern COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION The former pilgrimage/well chapel (PRN 960) of St Ffraed (St Bridget) is mentioned in 1418 and again by George Owen in c.1600. The well is shown on the Ordnance Survey 6" map in a field, called Pant Sant Fraed, to the northwest of Castell Henllys. The well is shown on the historical Ordnance Survey and modern maps and was recorded in 1965 to have a modern chamber (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

PRN 7571

NAME CWMWDIG TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Building CONDITION Restored/ Damaged STATUS None recorded

NGR SM80463014 COMMUNITY St Davids and the Cathedral Close COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION The well was recorded in 1925 as having originally been located within a medieval well- chapel, Eglwys Cwmwgig, although no remains of the chapel are left (M. Ings, 2011, from various sources).

The well, in the farmyard of Cwmwdig, was 'finely arched over' in the 17th century but by 1925 it was surrounded by walls and roofed with flagstones, with a low stone seat either side of the spring. Two niches above the right-hand niche were thought to be for offerings. In 1966 the well was still in use and was housed in a 1.20 metre high corbelled stone chamber with a brick front. The site of the well is recorded on the historical Ordnance Survey maps and modern mapping. The well was seen during the Cadw Holy Wells project of 2011. Although largely obscured by vegetation, it appeared to comprise a rectangular red-brick construction standing between 0.60 - 1.0 metres high. Much of this well surround has collapsed and vegetation grows within it. There is some remnant of a stone slab roof on the eastern side. The well stands on the edge of a very wet, marshy area and there was no sign of the associated chapel (M. Ings, 2011, from various sources).

PRN 7597

NAME ST MARY'S CHAPEL WELL TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Destroyed/ Damaged STATUS NPP

NGR SM86100355 COMMUNITY Angle COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION The site of Chapel Well is recorded on historic Ordnance Survey maps. It was covered and a pump introduced (1925) and the site of the well was recorded in 1965 to be occupied by a small underground reservoir. Modern mapping shows some modification of the area and the well is no longer marked (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

A site visit by J.Trier in 1998 recorded a steep flight of steps leading down through trees towards the well site. A pump house stood within a waterlogged recess in the side of the cliff, bearing the notice „Warning Live Wires and Domestic Water Supply: Please Respect‟. Beside this, the moss-covered rims of two large underground water-storage tanks protruded. (M.Ings 2011).

PRN 785

NAME FFYNNON BEDR TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Not Known STATUS None recorded

NGR SN57104774 COMMUNITY Lampeter COUNTY Ceredigion

DESCRIPTION Site of a well located close to the ruins of Peterwell House (PRN 775), a medieval - post- medieval gentry house. The well is depicted on historic Ordnance Survey maps but not on

modern mapping. A field observation in 1971 recorded a 6.0 metre diameter pond marking the site of the well (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

PRN 7859

NAME FFYNNON WNDA; LLANWNDA GREEN CIST TYPE Well, Holy Well PERIOD Post- medieval, Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Near Intact STATUS NPP

NGR SM9318339533 COMMUNITY Pencaer CO UNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION A stone chamber constructed over a stone lined "leat-like" stream. It appears to be a covered well consisting of a large capping stone, circa 1.5m x 0.8m and 0.35m thick, supported at its northeast corner by a large cubic boulder and elsewhere by a 1.40m high drystone wall. The well is open at its north side where the water flows out, whilst on its east side it is also open where there is a kerb stone or step down into the water filled chamber. Although this monument has a capstone covering a chamber and can also be described as cist-like it is most definitely not prehistoric, at least in its present form. Further research is required, for example, could there be an ecclesiastical association. (RSR, 2004).

The site was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells project of 2011. It is located within an area of woodland and thick vegetation at the edge of a lawned area, to the southwest of St. Gwyndaf's Church, which dates to beyond the 8th century (Davies & Easham, 2002, Saints and Stones). Gwyndaf Hen was a 6th century Breton who traditionally founded the church in Llanwnda and consecrated a well - Ffynnon Wnda. The well and church were major resting places on the pilgrim road to St. David's, particularly for those arriving by boat from Ireland (M.Ings, from various sources, 2011).

PRN 7977

NAME PINWELL TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Landform CONDITION Not known STATUS None recorded

NGR SN089011 COMMUNITY St Florence COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION A well with reputed curative qualities for curing warts. Site was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells project of 2011 but was found to be in an area of impenetrable vegetation (M.Ings, 2011)

PRN 8008

NAME FFYNNON BRODYR TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Landform CONDITION Not known STATUS None recorded

NGR SN12781900 COMMUNITY Clynderwen COUNTY Carmarthenshire

DESCRIPTION 'The Brothers Spring'. Site of a well is recorded on the 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map and modern mapping, to the north of Ffynnon-broyr farmstead but there is currently no further information available (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

PRN 8063

NAME FFYNNON WEN TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Intact/ Not known STATUS None recorded

NGR SN23144933 COMMUNITY Y Ferwig COUNTY Ceredigion

DESCRIPTION A stone-lined well with reputed curative qualities for 'the cure of agues'. The site is not recorded on historic Ordnance Survey maps or on modern mapping and its location is uncertain (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

PRN 8064

NAME FFYNNON BEDR TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Not Known STATUS None recorded

NGR SN22954953 COMMUNITY Y Ferwig COUNTY Ceredigion

DESCRIPTION Site of a spring shown on historic Ordnance Survey maps. It is listed as a holy well by F.Jones (1954), although it has no local tradition of curative properties (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

The site was visited during the Cadw Holy wells project of 2011. The location, on the verge by the side of a farmtrack, was heavily overgrown with vegetation and the site of the well was not found. (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 8067

NAME FFYNNON GYNLLO TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Documents CONDITION Not known STATUS None recorded

NGR SN200463 COMMUNITY Llangoedmor COUNTY Ceredigion

DESCRIPTION A well reputed to have 'extraordinary healing qualities', especially in rheumatic cases. It could not be found during a field visit in 1975 (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

Meyrick (1810) locates St. Cynllo at Trevorgan Farm, recording that "On the side of a cataract, near a farm called Trevorgan, is what is called St. Cynllo‟s cave, where tradition says he prayed; pointing out in the rocks the marks of his horse‟s hoofs and his own knees. The holes said to be made so miraculously, were, no doubt, caused by the water, which has since changed its course". A well is recorded on the 1890 1st edition and 1906 2nd edition Ordnance Survey maps and on modern mapping, at NGR SN20184617 (M.Ings, 2012)

PRN 8071

NAME FFYNNON CAPEL GWNDA TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Landform CONDITION Damaged STATUS None recorded

NGR SN32394695 COMMUNITY Penbryn COUNTY Ceredigion

DESCRIPTION A well recorded on historic Ordnance Survey maps and traditionally famous for curing warts (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

The site was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells project of 2011. The recorded location is below Pont Wnda, where a gully, dry at the time of the visit, was noted running towards the river. Within it was a dump of stone and bricks in the approximate spot of the recorded well, suggesting that the feature may have been filled in (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 8079

NAME FFYNON WENOG TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Landform CONDITION Not known STATUS None recorded

NGR SN49454549 COMMUNITY Llanwenog COUNTY Ceredigion

DESCRIPTION Tradition, recorded by Francis Jones (1954), of a curative well located near Llanwenog church, the waters of which were especially beneficial to children with weak backs. The site is not recorded on historic Ordnance Survey maps or modern mapping. A record from 1931 says that the well is now covered and later, in 1975, that now only a small marsh is located at the map reference (M.Ings, from various sources, 2011).

The site was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells project. The location is a field adjacent to the Llanwenog churchyard which, at the time of the visit, was heavily overgrown with nettles, brambles, tall grass and shrubs which concealed any potential archaeology (M.Ings, 2011)

PRN 8491

NAME FFYNNON PADARN;PISTYLL PADARN TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Not Known STATUS None recorded

NGR SN68238623 COMMUNITY Ceulanamaesmawr COUNTY Ceredigion

DESCRIPTION Ffynnon Padarn is a well reputed to have healing qualities (J.C. Davies, 1910), owing its efficacy to Saint Padarn who drank from its waters and blessed it. A field visit in 1978 could not find the well at the recorded NGR but did find a natural spring, Pistyll Padarn, in the vicinity. This was used as a domestic water supply within living memory. A well is also marked on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey map at NGR SN68298624 (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

PRN 8530

NAME ST MARY'S CHURCH TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Not Known STATUS None recorded

NGR SN5260 COMMUNITY Ciliau Aeron COUNTY Ceredigion

DESCRIPTION Site of a well dedicated to St. Mary, close to Cilcennin Church. It is not shown on historic Ordnance Survey maps or modern mapping and a field visit in 1978 could not locate it (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

Enquiries of a resident living opposite the church and a search of the area proved negative. Inspection of two springs published on the OS 6" revealed that the one at NGR SN51706028, 400m northwest of the church, has dried up and the other, at NGR SN52386028, 350m notheast of the church, has been destroyed by road widening (ASP, 1978)

PRN 8647

NAME ST DAVID'S WELL TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Documents CONDITION Not known STATUS None recorded

NGR SM94001419 COMMUNITY Haverfordwest COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION St. David's Well was mentioned in Corporation Deeds of 1315, at Haverfordwest, said to be near to St. Caradog's Well (PRN 3336). It is not shown on historic Ordnance Survey maps or modern mapping. A field visit in 1965 failed to locate it (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

A site visit by J.Trier in 1998 recorded an active spring located within the overgrown area of the Old Fountain Head reservoir, although its source was unclear. Haverfordwest lay on one

of the most important pilgrim routes to St. David's. (M.Ings 2011)

PRN 9567

NAME FFYNNON-FFAIR TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Landform CONDITION Not known STATUS None recorded

NGR SN54154655 COMMUNITY Llanwnnen COUNTY Ceredigion

DESCRIPTION Possible site of a natural spring located within the field to the south of Ffynnon-Fair farmstead (PRN 5870). Not shown on historic Ordnance Survey maps or modern mapping (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

PRN 968

NAME ST TEILO'S WELL TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Not Known/ Intact STATUS None recorded

NGR SN10102701 COMMUNITY Maenclochog COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION The well is located around 100m northeast of St Teilo's Church. It is a roughly-constructed stone lined pool c.35m in length and c.11.5m in width, orientated east to west. At the east end are two further ponds, presumably intended to take any overflow (OD, 2010).

The well is more of a large wedge shaped pond, c.35m in length and c.11.5m in width, orientated east to west. The walls of the pond appear to be stone built. On the southern side, the stone walling is set into an earthen embankment around 1m in height. The north wall is less clear as it is covered by vegetation, but it is likely that there is a similar stone wall, but this is set within the natural contour of the slope. The spring itself could not be located. A possible stone structure (a sluice gate?) appears to divide the main pond from the two smaller ponds. The smaller ponds are defined by large stones/boulders, some of which appear to be quarried and several are of distinctive quartz. The entire site is very overgrown with vegetation, which makes it difficult to understand the site and see the

extent of the stonework. The main pond is filled with a shallow pool of water and silt, which appears to be draining through the wall in the southwest corner. There is a grey pipe here which suggests that somebody has deliberately drained the water. Reeds and other aquatic plants have colonised the interior of the pool which is now completely overgrown. According to locals, in the recent past all of the ponds were filled with at least 6ft of clear water. The history of the well is well known. The water from the well had a wide-spread reputation for the healing of pulmonary complaints, as long as it was drunk from a receptacle made from a human skull - the reputed skull of St Teilo! To ensure the full benefit of the water the vessel had to be offered to a pilgrim by the senior living member of the Melchior family who used to reside at the farm. The skull is now in the care of Llandaff Cathedral, but the story of the well and its architectural quality both add to its archaeological and historical importance. (O.Davis 2010).

PRN 9686

NAME FFYNNON CLAF TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Landform CONDITION Damaged STATUS None recorded

NGR SN14051501 COMMUNITY Lampeter Velfrey COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION A well on Dyffryn Farm where, reputedly, sick people used to drink and a focus for pilgrims on their way to St. David's. Now almost completely hidden beneath a railway track (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

The site was visited in 1997 by J.Trier. According to a local resident the well was once stone-built, with steps going down to the water, and the spring never faltered. It is now a concrete-lined pit with a protruding spout attached to a plastic pipe to carry the water under the bridge and along a ditch. (M.Ings 2011).

PRN 9705

NAME FFYNNON LEICI TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Landform CONDITION Not known STATUS None recorded

NGR SN24724227 COMMUNITY Beulah COUNTY Ceredigion

DESCRIPTION Fynnon Leici is listed as a holy well by F. Jones (1954) and the location is recorded on historic Ordnance Survey maps (M.Ings, 2011, from various sources).

The site was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells project of 2011. The current owner did not know of an existing well on the property - the recorded location is in front of the house, within a fenced off area that slopes steeply down to a stream. It was noted that a pool of water has been created on the course of this stream, at the approximate spot recorded for the well, by several large stones that channel the water flow. It is not certain that this is the well but no other 'well-like' features were evident in the vicinity, although it should be noted that the area was under thick vegetation (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 9716

NAME BAPTISTERY IN LLANDYFAN CHURCHYARD; FFYNNON GWYDFFAEN TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Building CONDITION Near Intact STATUS None recorded

NGR SN6416717121 COMMUNITY Llandeilo COUNTY Carmarthenshire

DESCRIPTION Grade II listed holy well in Llandyfan church, known from the medieval period and said to have curative qualities. The well was rebuilt as a baptistery in 1864- 5 and is now a shallow rectangular pool with low walls. Stone steps lead down to the water that feeds into the chamber on the north side and exits through a gate to the south. The exit gate is controlled with a metal sluice mechanism (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 9717

NAME FFYNNON GARON TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Landform CONDITION Restored STATUS None recorded

NGR SN67505938 COMMUNITY Tregaron COUNTY Ceredigion

DESCRIPTION Recorded by Francis Jones (1954) as a holy well near Glanbrenig Farm, Tregaron, where the water was drunk with sugar at Easter time. It was also customary for lovers to bring each other gifts of bread, eat it and wash it down with water from the well. It is recorded on historic Ordnance Survey maps to the north of Glan Brennig, on the southern edge of Tregaron (M.Ings, 2011).

Ffynnon Garon was saved and restored by Dyfed County Council in 1991 but the well has subsequently been neglected and access to it has become blocked by vegetation. A photograph taken in 1999 shows a possibly square, stone-lined chamber and the water flows through a channel of intricate stonework (M.Ings, 2011, based on "Eye of the Spring", 1999 and 2002).

Notes from ffynhonnaucymru.org.uk TREGARON FFYNNON GARON (SN 675595) Gyda chryn drafferth y cafwyd hyd ir ffynnon hon a hynny ar l cael ein cyfeirio ati gan un a fun ei glanhaun gyson am rhai blynyddoedd. Mae yng nghanol tyfiant ar ochr dde y ffordd syn arwain i mewn i Dregaron o gyfeiriad Llambed. Mae i lawr ar waelod llethr serth bron

gyferbyn r goleuadau syn fflachio ar adegau prysur i ddangos bod Ysgol Uwchradd Tregaron gerllaw. Arbedwyd ac adnewyddwyd y ffynnon gan Gyngor Sir Dyfed yn 1991, pan wnaed gwelliannau ir ffordd. Cyngor Cymuned Tregaron syn berchen ar y ffynnon ac ar un adeg gwnaed llwybr ati, ond erbyn hyn maer llwybr wedi diflannun llwyr o dan y tyfiant. Wedi cyrraedd at y ffynnon gwelwyd bod ei hadeiladwaith yn ddiddorol ai bod mewn cyflwr da. Maer dr yn llifo ohoni drwy sianel o waith cerrig cywrain ond eto mae tyfiant o wair trwchus wedi caur sianel ac maer ffynnon wedi gorlifo. Mae angen gofal cyson arni i gadwr gofer yn glir ac ysgrifennwyd at y Cyngor i ofyn i hyn gael ei wneud. Diddorol oedd sylwi bod ceiniog wedi ei thaflu ir ffynnon yn ddiweddar. Yn y gorffennol roedd plant yn arfer dod at y ffynnon i yfed y dr wedi ei felysu siwgwr ar Fawrth y pumed, dydd gyl Sant Caron. Hefyd byddai cariadon yn dod ati ar Sul y Pasg i rhoi anrheg o fara gwyn iw gilydd ac i yfed y dr. Byddair ffynnon yn gyrchfan i nifer fawr o bobl ar yr adegau hyn. Yng nghyfrol ddiddorol Bethan Philip, Rhwng Dau Fyd, syn sn am hanes Joseph Jenkins, Trecefel, Tregaron, a fun swagman yn Awstralia am bum mlynedd ar hugain, cafwyd cyfeiriad at Ffynnon Garon a nifer o ffynhonnau eraill. Roedd Joseph Jenkins yn cadw dyddiaduron ac ynddynt ceir gwybodaeth am ffynhonnaur ardal. Meddai am Ffynnon Garon: Swains and maids used to resort on Easter Day To drink the mother of all liquors produced by this spring. Maen cyfeirio hefyd at Ffynnon Elwad ger Allt Ddu. Darganfuwyd y ffynnon hon gan fynachod Ystrad-fflur ac roedd yn arbennig o dda at wella bronnau poenus. Gerllaw Pont Einon mae Ffynnon Einon yn tarddu. Ailddarganfuwyd y ffynnon hon yn 1855 ai hailagor mewn seremoni fach. Nododd Joseph Jenkins yn ei ddyddiadur: The company assembled at the well, and having drunk several pints of the clear water, sang the verses. Roedd yntau wedi cyfansoddi englynion i nodir digwyddiad. FFYNNON EINON Mae Ffynnon Einon yn anwyl i glaf Dan glwyfau mhob perwyl. Ond maen hynod, mewn anhwyl Gyr bob haint, egyr bob hwyl. Gwrol y tardd o gariad o law Ner I le noeth dawr llygad O! ffoi ir wledd, wnaffor wlad, Ac oddef ei dadguddiad. O gyrrau, tua Tregaron O dewch Rai sydd dan archollion. Golwg hoff rhed y cloffion Heibio i ffwrdd heb eu ffon. Ysgrifennwyd at Gyngor Cymuned Tregaron i ofyn iddynt lanhaur gofer yn Ffynnon Garon a hwylusor ffordd ati. Holwyd hefyd am gyflwr Ffynnon Einon a Ffynnon Elwad. (Gol.) LLYGAD Y FFYNNON Rhif 7 Nadolig 1999 FFYNNON GARON Derbyniwyd llythyr gan y Cyngor Tref yn nodi fod plant Ysgol Sul Bwlchgwynt wedi gofyn am ganiatd i ymgymryd phrosiect i lanhau ardal y ffynnon. Mae'r Cyngor wedi ysgrifennu at yr adran briodol yn y Cyngor Sir. LLYGAD Y FFYNNON Rhif 8 Haf 2000 FFYNNON GARON Unwaith eto, drwy haelioni Cyngor Sir Ceredigion, mae swm o arian wedi cael ei glustnodi er mwyn glanhau'r ffynnon, a mynedfa amlwg a diogel iddi yn cael ei chwblhau. O dan arweiniad swyddog ieuenctid lleol, a chymorth plant Ysgol Sul Capel Bwlchgwynt, bydd y gwaith yn mynd rhagddo yn fuan. LLYGAD Y FFYNNON Rhif 9 Nadolig 2000 FFYNNON GARON Mae nifer o ieuenctid Tregaron wedi mynd ati i ailgodir hen arferiad o fynd at Ffynnon Garon i yfed dr a siwgwr. Yn y gorffennol byddai pobl ifanc yn ymgynnull wrth y ffynnon ar yr wyl fabsant a hefyd adeg y Pasg. Roedd yn arferiad hefyd i gariadon dod ag anrhegion o fara iw gilydd, ei fwyta ac yna ei olchi i lawr gyda dr y ffynnon. Mae arwydd iw osod ar y briffordd uwchwchben y ffynnon yn dangos y fynedfa ir llwybr syn arwain ati. Maer gwaith sydd wedi ei wneud eisoes yn wych a phont o bren wedi ei chodi dros y nant syn goferu ohoni. Er bob gofal mae tyfiant yn tueddu i dagur llwybr a bydd angen gwaith cyson iw gadw ar agor, ond diolch am bob ymgais i ddiogelur ffynnon ar tir oi chwmpas. (Gweler mwy am Ffynnon Garon ar yr erthygl Ffynhonnau Ceredigion yn y rhifyn hwn.) LLYGAD Y FFYNNON Rhif 12 Haf 2002

PRN 973

NAME FFYNNON FAIR TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Near Intact/ Restored STATUS None recorded

NGR SN13953843 COMMUNITY Eglwyswrw COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION A well recorded on the 1889 1st edition Ordnance Survey map and listed as a holy well by Jones (1954) (M.Ings, 2011).

A field visit in 1966 reported that the spring or well was beneath a thick growth of brambles and that it was apparently modernised and now seemed disused. The well was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells project of 2011. It is located within a private garden on a north-facing slope above a stream. The water emanates from beneath a bank above the well before flowing down two wide, modern steps to a sub-rectangular well chamber lined with stones. It is then channelled out to the southwest to a large pond. The whole area has been cultivated, planted and planned as a garden - apparently it was once a boggy wilderness. The well has been restored and restructured. It used to be on the pilgrim route to St. Dogmael's Abbey and occasional visitors still seek it out for quiet contemplation (M.Ings, 2011)

PRN 9739

NAME FFYNNON DRINDOD TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Landform CONDITION Not known STATUS None recorded

NGR SN651747 COMMUNITY Trawsgoed COUNTY Ceredigion

DESCRIPTION A holy well mentioned as early as 1684. Survives as the name of a farmstead but the well is not shown on historic Ordnance Survey maps or modern mapping (MI, 2011, from various sources).

PRN 987

NAME FFYNNON-SAMSON TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Not Known/ Near Intact STATUS None recorded

NGR SN11722597 COMMUNITY Mynachlog-ddu COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION A well mentioned in 1603 and listed by Jones in 1954. The name Ffynnon Samson is shown on historic Ordnance Survey maps and modern mapping, attached to a farmstead (M. Ings, 2011, from various sources).

The site was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells project of 2011. The owners showed me a fenced-off corner of a pasture field, on the edge of woodland, where a spring rises. This has

been surrounded by breezeblocks in the last 20 years or so and this 'chamber' was full of water, with the overflow collecting in a pool to the southeast (M. Ings, 2011).

PRN 9916

NAME LLANGWATHEN TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM O.struct CONDITION Intact STATUS None recorded

NGR SN133153 COMMUNITY Lampeter Velfrey COUNTY Pembrokeshire

DESCRIPTION A spring is shown within Llan-gwathan farmstead on the 1907 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map and this is depicted as a well on modern mapping. There is currently no evidence to classify this as a 'holy' well however (M.Ings, 2011).

PRN 9920

NAME FFYNNON-DEILO TYPE Holy Well PERIOD Medieval

FORM Landform;place-name CONDITION Intact STATUS None recorded

NGR SN49562173 COMMUNITY Llanegwad COUNTY Carmarthenshire

HER DESCRIPTION The place-name Ffynnon Deilo recorded on historic Ordnance Survey maps indicates the possible location of a holy well in the vicinity. The Holy Well is referenced in 'The Lives of the British Saints' (Baring-Gould, 1907) and Archaeologia cambrensis (1915). (M. Ings 2011).

The site was visited during the Cadw Holy Wells project of 2011. The spring emanates from the rocks of a steep bank below the A40, running from within a hollow in the bank and over a ledge into a roughly circular, naturally formed basin. The overflow is then channelled off the edge to ground level, where it forms a stream. The owners told me that church leaders still consider the water to be holy and it has apparently never dried up (M.Ings, 2011)

MEDIEVAL AND EARLY POST-MEDIEVAL HOLY WELLS

A THREAT-RELATED ASSESSMENT 2011

RHIF YR ADRODDIAD / REPORT NUMBER 2012/7

Chwefror 2012 February 2012

Paratowyd yr adroddiad hwn gan / This report has been prepared by Mike Ings

Swydd / Position: Heritage Archaeologist

Llofnod / Signature ...... …………...... Dyddiad / Date: 16/02/2012

Mae‟r adroddiad hwn wedi ei gael yn gywir a derbyn sêl bendith This report has been checked and approved by Ken Murphy

ar ran Ymddiriedolaeth Archaeolegol Dyfed Cyf. on behalf of Dyfed Archaeological Trust Ltd.

Swydd / Position: Trust Director

Llofnod / Signature. Dyddiad / Date: 16/02/2012

Yn unol â‟n nôd i roddi gwasanaeth o ansawdd uchel, croesawn unrhyw sylwadau sydd gennych ar gynnwys neu strwythur yr adroddiad hwn

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