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Of a New Lithostratigraphical Unit: the Atuatuca Formation

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Of a New Lithostratigraphical Unit: the Atuatuca Formation ■I 1 1 f ¥ 1 Tert. Kwart. : Meded. Werkgr. Geol.i vol. 13 nr. 3 pp. 75-115 September 1976 [ Oligocene deposits in the region North of Tongeren (Belgium), with the description of a new lithostratigraphical unit: the Atuatuca Formation by A.W. Janssen Rijksmuseum van Geologie en Mineralogie, Leiden, V.W.M. van Hinsbergh Nijmegen and M.C. Cadée Maassluis. Jansaen, A. W., V. W, M. van Hinsbergh & M. C. Cad£e. Oligccene depos- its in the region North of Tongeren (Belgium), with the description of a new lithostratigraphical unit: the Atuatuca Formation. - Meded. V/erk- gr. Tert. Kwart. Geol., 13 (3): 75—112 Tab., 17 Figs, September 1976. In this third paper on the stratigraphy of mainly Oligocene deposits in the region North of Tongeren (province of Limburg, Belgium) an east- west cross-section with a length of approximately 4 km situated in the municipality of Tongeren is described. The sedimentary history of the deposits is discussed, summarizing the results of the two earlier the Atuatuca is in- papers. A new lithostratigraphical unit, Formation, troduced. This formation comprises the Henis Clay and the Sands and Marls of Oude Biesen as members. The boundary between these members is redefined. The structural geology of the region is briefly discussed. A. W. Janssen, Rijksauaeum van Geologie en Mineralogie, Hooglandse Kerk- gracht 17, Leiden; V. VJ. M, van Hinsbergh, Rnisdaelstraat 81, Nijmegen; M, C. Cad6e, Merellaan 781, Maasaluis, The Hetherlands. 76 Contents: Samenvatting, p. Introduction, p. 77 Acknowledgements, p. 78 Methods, p. 78 79 Nomenclature of the lithostratigraphical units, p. Description of the sediments in an east-west cross-section North of Tongeren, p. 81 General remarks and discussion on the geology of the Cenozoic deposits in the region North of Tongeren, p. 87 98 References, p. 99 Appendix, p. Description of the sediments in the Francart clay-pit at Tongeren, p. 99 of 103 Description boring BT 6, p. of 105 Description the T 1 exposure and boring, p. of the 109. Description Atuatuca Formation, p. 76 Samenvatting Een 4 km wordt beschre- oost-west verlopend profiel van ongeveer lengte ven. Het profiel doorsnijdt oligocene en kwartaire afzettingen direct ten noorden van Tongeren (provincie Limburg, België). Het omvat (zie fig. 1) de ontsluitingen Francart. Klei Galgeberg en groeve Aangetroffen werden de Zanden van Neerrepen, van Henis, Zanden en Mergels van Oude Biezen, Zanden van Berg en niet nader gede- finieerde kwartaire afzettingen. De afzettingen (fig. 2) hellen in westelijke rich- ting, de helling wordt in het westelijk deel van het profiel eenmaal onderbroken door een breuk. de Oude be- De Klei van Henis en Zanden en Mergels van Biezen konden goed studeerd worden in de kleigroeve Francart en in een tijdelijke ontsluiting (bouw- put) aan de Bilzerbaan te Tongeren (T 1, zie fig. 1). De molluskenfauna uit beide milieu afzettingen wijst op een met sterke schommelingen in het zoutgehalte (eury- halien). In dit milieu zijn beide afzettingen als onderdeel van één sedimentatie- cyclus gesedimenteerd. In het onderzochte profiel vinden we (oudste afzetting on- der) : - Afwisseling van klei- en zandafzettingen. Mollusken sterk wisselend, met vooral in de zandafzettingen zeer veel schelpen. In de kleilagen veel goed geconserveer- de pollen. - Vette, harde klei, plaatselijk met mollusken, dikte ca. 3 m. Alleen het bovenste gedeelte met goed geconserveerde pollen. - Zand of kleiig zand, waarin vele geulen, duidend op getijdewerking. Plaatselijk met veel schelpen in de geulen, plaatselijk met kleibrokken. Tussen het zand kun- nen kleibanden voorkomen, waarin geen pollen werd aangetroffen. Dikte maximaal 2 m. - harde Vette, klei, zonder pollen, met plaatselijk pyriet en gips en soms enkele 5 klei is in mollusken, dikte tot ca. m. Deze vermoedelijk afgezet een nagenoeg afgesloten kustmeer of lagune. De molluskenfauna’s zijn steeds individuenrijk, maar soortenarm. Voor deze gehele sedimentatie-cyclus wordt de naam Atuatuca Formatie ingevoerd, waarvan De de Klei van Henis en de Zanden en Mergels van Oude Biezen “members” zijn. grens tussen deze beide afzettingen wordt opnieuw gedefinieerd, waarbij alleen het onder- sedimenten behoren ste kleipakket tot de Klei van Henis wordt gerekend. De overige tot de Zanden en Mergels van Oude Biezen. De Atuatuca Formatie wordt van onder begrensd door de Zanden van Neer- wordt door de Zanden van die de van het repen. De bovengrens gevormd Berg, top pakket in wisselende mate geërodeerd hebben. schematisch overzicht hoe de Een (fig. 4a-b) geeft aan, beginnend met afzetting van de Henisklei de midden-oligocene sedimenten zich in het gebied ten Hierin van eerdere noorden van Tongeren ontwikkeld hebben. werden tevens gegevens publicaties (Van Hinsbergh et al., 1973; Cadée et al., 1976) verwerkt. De opvat- hier daar door nieuwe achter- tingen van deze beide publicaties zijn en gegevens haald. 77 "U zal zich allemaal afvragen hoe het " zo gekomen is, (Witn Sonneveld als "Frater Venantius", Grand Gala du Disque, Scheveningen, 12 oktober 1963) Introduction This is third in series paper the a of publications on the stratigraphy of Tertiary (mainly Oligocene) and Quaternary deposits in the northern part of the Tongeren region, province of Limburg, Belgium. The first paper (van Hinsbergh et al., 1973) described a cross-section of 2 approximately km, situated in an east-west direction in the municipality of Spouwen. The second publication (Cadee et al., 1976) dealt with a cross-section km of of about 9 in a north-south direction, situated in the municipalities Walt- Elderen and wilder, Martenslinde, Spouwen, Tongeren. These papers gave descriptions of the sediments and an interpretation of the stratigraphy. As both papers have been written in Dutch, the present paper will summa- the rize most important data. Besides, a third cross-section situated in an east- direction within will described west the municipality of Tongeren be here. The pro- sometimes gressing investigation revealed so many new facts that we had to change interpretations of the two earlier papers. A critical examination of the collected data resulted in the introduction of a new lithostratigraphical unit, the Atuatuca Formation, comprising the Henis Clay and the Sands and Marls of Oude Biesen as members. The boundary between these two members had to be redefined in this paper. The fieldwork for each of the three papers was done by members of the Werkgroep voor Tertiaire en Kwartaire Geologie (W.T.K.G.), during field camps in the years 1972-1976. It is the intention that the W.T.K.G. will continue this in- vestigation in a more westerly direction. for in- The hilly landscape of the area provides good opportunities an vestigation of the Cenozoic deposits with the help of such simple instruments as in this an auger and a spade. On the other hand the data collected way can only be if altimetric evaluated the positions are exactly known. Fortunately we could rely the skill of on professional a surveyor. in The Oligocene deposits the Tongeren area have been known for a long time with sediments and their and many papers are dealing the description of these fossil content. Glibert & de Heinzelin (1954) summarized the knowledge of the so- called "Tongrien" and gave descriptions of the mollusc faunas. For a survey of the literature older we refer to that publication. Although the general stratigraphy of the Oligocene deposits is fairly well known, detailed sections are hardly available. In our opinion the important palaeontological collections brought together from these deposits justified better a detailed investigation, enabling a interpretation of the depositional circumstances. 78 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Many members of the W.T.K.G. joined the field-work, among them we want to mention especially Messrs. E. C. Kruissink (Delft), F. Maatman (Geldrop) and L. M. B. Vaessen (Breda). various We are very grateful to Mr A. C. Janse (Brielle) for levelling the these could localities. Without his skilful help papers not have been written. We like to thank the governments of the municipalities and the land- who for the field-work their owners, gave permission on properties. Especially Senator F. Vangronsveld, burgomaster of the municipality of Spouwen, was very helpful. We are much obliged to the management of the Francart Brickworks at Ton- the geren, who allowed our frequent visits to clay-pit. The Aardkundige Dienst van Belgie (Geological Survey of Belgium) incorpo- rated the of the of our sections in files geological map Belgium and provided us with the official registration numbers. We thank Dr P. Laga (Brussels) for his co- operation. The investigation was executed in close co-operation with the Rijksmu- seum van Geologie en Mineralogie, Leiden, The Netherlands (RGM). All sedimentary samples and lacker peels are stored in the collection of this museum. Mrs R. P. L. Bremer J. (RGM) investigated many samples on pollen. Mr van der Linden (RGM) assisted in device for A constructing a special deep auger borings. description of this device will be published. Valuable discussions with Dr Ir P. Buurman (Bennekom) concerning geolog- visible in influenced of ical features the Francart clay-pit greatly our train thought and are hereby gratefully acknowledged. Dr C. F. Winkler Prins and Dr H. J. W. G. Schalke (both RGM) were kind their enough to read the manuscript. We are much obliged for help. METHODS instrument the field-work. An auger has been the most important during used of the with diameter 7 and three different We an auger Edelman type a of cm and The has of heads for clay, sand/clay sand. Edelman auger lengthening pieces 1 m that are preferably connected by means of a coarse conical screw-thread. We designed a special device for borings over 8 m depth. In this way borings to a of be depth more than 12 m could carried out. The so-called Dachnowsky sampler prooved to be of little value in heavy clays.
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