DOCSLIB.ORG

United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 5,385,734 Friedman (45) Date of Patent: Jan

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 5,385,734 Friedman (45) Date of Patent: Jan US005385734A United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 5,385,734 Friedman (45) Date of Patent: Jan. 31, 1995 54 HORSERADISH PREPARATION FOR THE (56. References Cited TREATMENT OF NASAL AND SINUS DYSFUNCTION U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 4,782,023 ii/1988 Anawis et al. ...................... 435/188 75 Inventor: William H. Friedman, St. Louis, Mo. 5,114,969 5/1992 Chung et al. ....................... 514/514 OTHER PUBLICATIONS (73) Assignee: Horseradish Spray, Inc., St. Louis, Mo. Fan-Yung et al., "Dispersion Characteristics of Vegeta ble Juices', Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Pishcheyaya Tekhnologiya 1980, No. 2, 138-139, Ab 21) Appl. No.: 68,998 stract only. 22) Filed: May 27, 1993 Primary Examiner-Thurman K. Page Assistant Examiner-Carlos Azpuru Related U.S. Application Data Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Bryan Cave 62) Division of Ser. No. 844,107, Mar. 2, 1992, Pat. No. 57 ABSTRACT 5,248,504. Amethod of treatment for nasal and sinus dysfunction is disclosed comprising topically applying a horseradish, (51) Int. Cl. ..................... A01N 65/00; A61K 35/78; sinigrin or allyl isothiocyanate preparation to affected A61K 9/14 mucosa. Preparations for the treatment of nasal and (52) U.S. Cl. ................................. 424/434; 424/195.1; sinus dysfunction are also disclosed, including prepara 424/489; 514/951 tions of horseradish, sinigrin and allyl isothiocyanate. (58) Field of Search ..................... 424/195.1, 434, 489; 514/951; 426/615 10 Claims, No Drawings 5,385,734 1. 2 No. 98,875, relates to a medical compound for alleviat HORSERADISH PREPARATION FOR THE ing and curing asthma, coughs and colds. The com TREATMENT OF NASAL AND SINUS pound includes pulverized horseradish. Diets, U.S. Pat. DYSFUNCTION No. 74,205, discloses a medical compound containing horseradish for the cure of consumption. These oral CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED horseradish remedies include substances, such as apple APPLICATION cider, ground ivy, and red beets, that are not suitable for This application is a division of U.S. application Ser. topical applications. No. 07/844,107, filed Mar. 2, 1992, now U.S. Patent No. Other natural oral remedies are known in the art. 5,248,504, granted Sep. 28, 1993. 10 Reeves, U.S. Pat. No. 28,904, relates to a treatment for inflammatory diseases of the pulmonary organ that FIELD OF THE INVENTION includes the use of capsaicin or African cayenne pepper. This invention relates to a method of treatment for Greene, U.S. Pat. No. 378,504, relates to a catarrh treat nasal and sinus dysfunction comprising topically apply ment which includes red pepper (capsaicin). ing a horseradish, sinigrin or allyl isothiocyanate prepa 15 However, none of the above-cited prior art provides ration to affected mucosa. The invention also relates to a topical therapy or a preparation which is consistently preparations for the treatment of nasal and sinus dys safe and effective in the treatment of most nasal and function, including preparations of horseradish, sinigrin and allyl isothiocyanate. sinus dysfunctions. 20 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention provides a formulation for the topical Many people suffer from nasal and sinus dysfunction. treatment of nasal or sinus dysfunction, comprising an Examples of nasal and sinus dysfunction include allergic aqueous dispersion of a therapeutic amount of horserad and vasomotor inflammatory conditions of nasal mu ish particles, sinigrin or allyl isothiocyanate in a dilute cous membranes, sinugenic headaches, post nasal dis 25 charge, and the like. suspension or solution, e.g., in an aqueous saline suspen Nasal sprays have been used in the treatment of such sion or solution. nasal and sinus dysfunctions, but are not without draw Another aspect of the present invention relates to a backs. For instance, common nasal sprays containing method of making a horseradish dispersion useful in the sympatho-mimetic compounds, and over-the-counter 30 treatment of nasal or sinus dysfunction. The method remedies containing phenylephrine hydrochloride, ox comprises (a) reducing the size of the horseradish to ymetazoline hydrochloride, or xylometazoline are gen form horseradish particles of about 100-1000 microns; erally considered to be harmful when used over long (b) dispersing the horseradish particles in a sodium chlo periods of time because they cause damage to nasal ride solution; (c) filtering the dispersion to obtain a mucosal ciliary function, and they cause rebound muco 35 filtrate comprising horseradish particles with a mean sal thickening leading to nasal congestion. The manu particle diameter from 20-90 microns dispersed in the facturers of certain over-the-counter remedies warn sodium chloride solution; and (d) ultrafiltering the fil that their products should not be used for more than trate to obtain a horseradish dispersion comprising three days. Also, the use or abuse of these drugs has horseradish particles having a mean particle diameter resulted in anosmia, prolonged nasal obstruction, and not greater than 20 microns; wherein the horseradish habituation of the medications. dispersion comprises from about 0.01-10.0 weight per Other nasal sprays in the art include saline nasal cent horseradish. sprays and topical steroid sprays. It is thought that the DETALED DESCRIPTION OF THE anti-inflammatory effect of steroid sprays produces a INVENTION beneficial reaction in the nasal and sinus mucosa. How 45 ever, such sprays can produce mucosal atrophy in post The present invention is useful in the treatment of a surgical states, and are generally effective only in reduc wide range of nasal and sinus dysfunctions. Such dys ing inflammation. They generally have inconsequential functions may occur prior or subsequent to surgery of decongestant or physiological mucosal effects in mobi the paranasal sinuses. Nasal and sinus dysfunctions may lizing secretions or stimulating cells to evacuate secre 50 accompany allergic and vasomotor inflammatory con tionS. ditions of the nasal mucous membrane. Certain mucous Another drawback of the prior art preparations is membrane disorders are associated with sinugenic head that a significant segment of the population is reluctant aches, post nasal discharge, and mucous membrane to apply artificial compositions to their nasal mucosa. disorders presumably related to an immotile cilia condi As a result, topical therapy for nasal and sinus dysfunc 55 tion. The latter condition results when the cilia of the tion in this segment of the population is largely nonexis mucous membranes lining the nose (pseudo-stratified tent. ciliated columnar epithelium) appear to perform their Attempts have been made to produce natural reme mucous clearance and secretional mobilization activities dies for certain ailments. For instance, Stammberger has in a sluggish or incomplete fashion. Immotile cilia con administered capsaicin P (trans-8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6- ditions are frequently found in patients with chronic nonenamide), the pungent extract of red pepper, to sinusitis, allergy, asthma, and other systemic conditions patients with headaches. However, the capsaicin has in which the nose and sinuses play a major role. been found to produce only profound vasodilation, Nasal and sinus dysfunctions are sometimes a result of sneezing, and either vasomotor or cholinergic secretory limited mucosal contact within the nose, resulting from episodes. Also, the capsaicin is known to destroy unmy 65 nasal septal deviations, middle turbinate "squeeze' syn elinated C fibers of sensory and vagal afferent neurons. dromes, and other "trigger” type situations that pro Attempts have also been made to provide oral horse duce long-standing headaches, often projecting to re radish remedies for certain ailments. Mays, U.S. Pat. mote dermatromes of the head and neck. 5,385,734 3 4. Other types of nasal and sinus dysfunctions that may be treated according to the present invention include Although the mode of operation of the present inven nasal congestion from allergic, vasomotor, or infectious tion is not fully understood, it is believed that the benefi etiologies, and crusting or atrophic rhinitides associated cial effect of the preparations of the present invention with infection or surgery. may result from stimulating a focal physiological cellu The preparations of the present invention may vary lar response in mucosa. A natural antibiotic effect may widely in composition, however they will typically result when either sinigrin or allyl isothiocyanate, per comprise horseradish, sinigrin, allyl isothiocyanate, or haps in combination with ascorbic acid (vitamin C), is mixtures thereof, in a saline solution. applied to affected mucosa. Vitamin C is present in Topical applications may be performed by a number 10 large concentrations in horseradish. of techniques. A preparation may be sprayed onto the The concentration of horseradish in the dispersion affected mucosa, or the nasal mucosa may be bathed may vary. The concentration should be such that the with drops of the preparation. A preparation may be user's mucosa do not become irritated, and generally is applied by loading the preparation onto a swab and from about 0.01-10.0 weight percent horseradish. A dabbing the swab on affected mucosao A preparation 15 preferred concentration is from about 3.0-10.0 weight may also be applied as a nasal douche. percent, and a more preferred concentration is from The preparations of the present invention preferably about 8.0-10.0 weight percent horseradish. are derived from natural sources, although chemical The mean particle diameter of the horseradish should synthesis of the active ingredients may also be em be small enough so that the user's mucosa do not be ployed. Horseradish (raphanus rusticanus) is the root of 20 come irritated. typically not in excess of 20 microns. A radicula armoracia. It contains ascorbic acid and sini preferred mean particle diameter is from about 2-10 grin. Black mustard (also referred to as brown mustard microns. and red mustard) is derived from dried ripe seeds of The concentration of sinigrin in the sinigrin solution brassica nigra. Its constituents include sinigrin, myosin, may vary.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • In Chemistry, Glycosides Are Certain Molecules in Which a Sugar Part Is
    GLYCOSIDES Glycosides may be defined as the organic compounds from plants or animal sources, which on enzymatic or acid hydrolysis give one or more sugar moieties along with non- sugar moiety. Glycosides play numerous important roles in living organisms. Many plants store important chemicals in the form of inactive glycosides; if these chemicals are needed, the glycosides are brought in contact with water and an enzyme, and the sugar part is broken off, making the chemical available for use. Many such plant glycosides are used as medications. In animals (including humans), poisons are often bound to sugar molecules in order to remove them from the body. Formally, a glycoside is any molecule in which a sugar group is bonded through its carbon atom to another group via an O-glycosidic bond or an S-glycosidic bond; glycosides involving the latter are also called thioglycosides. The sugar group is then known as the glycone and the non-sugar group as the aglycone or genin part of the glycoside. The glycone can consist of a single sugar group (monosaccharide) or several sugar groups (oligosaccharide). Classification Classification based on linkages Based on the linkage of sugar moiety to aglycone part 1. O-Glycoside:-Here the sugar is combined with alcoholic or phenolic hydroxyl function of aglycone.eg:-digitalis. 2. N-glycosides:-Here nitrogen of amino group is condensed with a sugar ,eg- Nucleoside 3. S-glycoside:-Here sugar is combined with sulphur of aglycone,eg- isothiocyanate glycosides. 4. C-glycosides:-By condensation of a sugar with a cabon atom, eg-Cascaroside, aloin. Glycosides can be classified by the glycone, by the type of glycosidic bond, and by the aglycone.
    [Show full text]
  • Toxicity of Glucosinolates and Their Enzymatic Decomposition Products to Caenorhabditis Elegans
    Journal of Nematology 27(3):258-262. 1995. © The Society of Nematologists 1995. Toxicity of Glucosinolates and Their Enzymatic Decomposition Products to Caenorhabditis elegans STEVEN G. DONKIN, 1 MARK A. EITEMAN, 2 AND PHILLIP L. WILLIAMS 1'3 Abstract: An aquatic 24-hour lethality test using Caenorhabditis elegans was used to assess toxicity of glucosinolates and their enzymatic breakdown products. In the absence of the enzyme thioglucosi- dase (myrosinase), allyl glucosinolate (sinigrin) was found to be nontoxic at all concentrations tested, while a freeze-dried, dialyzed water extract of Crambe abyssinica containing 26% 2-hydroxyl 3-butenyl glucosinolate (epi-progoitrin) had a 50% lethal concentration (LC50) of 18.5 g/liter. Addition of the enzyme increased the toxicity (LCs0 value) of sinigrin to 0.5 g/liter, but the enzyme had no effect on the toxicity of the C. abyssinica extract. Allyl isothiocyanate and allyl cyanide, two possible breakdown products of sinigrin, had an LC50 value of 0.04 g/liter and approximately 3 g/liter, respectively. Liquid chromatographic studies showed that a portion of the sinigrin decomposed into allyl isothio- cyanate. The resuhs indicated that allyl isothiocyanate is nearly three orders of magnitude more toxic to C. elegans than the corresponding glncosinolate, suggesting isothiocyanate formation would im- prove nematode control from application of glucosinolates. Key words: Caenorhabditis elegans, Crambe abyssinica, enzyme, epi-progoitrin, glucosinolate, myrosi- nase, physiology, sinigrin, thioglucosidase. Glucosinolates are naturally occurring position products or between decomposi- compounds found primarily in plants of tion products. the family Cruciferae, where they are An objective of this work was to quantify thought to serve as repellents to potential the toxicity to the free-living nematode pests (5,10).
    [Show full text]
  • A Study of the Chemical Constituents of Yucca Mohavensis, Sarg
    k kB.3TFACT OF TIlE THESIS OF jark for (Name) (Degree) (Maj.r) Date Thesis presented___T_J_±_ mohavens s, Sar Redacted for privacy Abstract Approved:- (Major Professor) The development of methods used in plant analysis is described. The glycosides are discussed according to their classification, isolation, structure, hydrolytic products, functions, synthesis, and physio1o.ca1 action. The ;eneral properties of the saponins are iven with the!r structure1 methods of Isolation, and hydrolytio products. A review Was made of the work on other species of Yucca. The results of the quantitative extraction of Yucca inohavensis with various solvents are íivei1 In addition to ash, sugar, and protein deterinination. The presence of a saponin of un]ìown structure has been established and some of its properties are described. Glucose was identified as one of the hydrolytic products. A glycosicìe was isolated from the aqueous alcohol extract. Its molecular weipht and percentage composition were determined. From these data the formula C2H4O10 was established for the ç1yccsIde. The per cent sugar formed on hydrolysis and water of hydration were also determined. A STUDY OF THE CHE1IICAL CONSTITUENTS OF Yucca mohavensis, Sarg. JOHN BENJAMIN STARK A THESIS submitted to the OREGON STATE COLLEGE in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHIlOSOPHY June 1941 APPROVE1: Redacted for privacy Professor of Organic Chemistry In Charge of Major Redacted for prîvacy Head of Department of Chemistry _________Rèdàctd for privdcy Chairman of School Gratuate Conunittee Redacted for privacy Chairman of State Collego Graduate Council ACKNOWLEDGMENT I wish to express my gratitude to Dr. Charles S.
    [Show full text]
  • Opposing Effects of Glucosinolates on a Specialist Herbivore and Its Predators
    Journal of Applied Ecology 2011, 48, 880–887 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.01990.x Chemically mediated tritrophic interactions: opposing effects of glucosinolates on a specialist herbivore and its predators Rebecca Chaplin-Kramer1*, Daniel J. Kliebenstein2, Andrea Chiem3, Elizabeth Morrill1, Nicholas J. Mills1 and Claire Kremen1 1Department of Environmental Science Policy & Management, University of California, Berkeley, 130 Mulford Hall #3114, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; 2Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA; and 3Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, 3060 Valley Life Sciences Bldg #3140, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA Summary 1. The occurrence of enemy-free space presents a challenge to the top-down control of agricultural pests by natural enemies, making bottom-up factors such as phytochemistry and plant distributions important considerations for successful pest management. Specialist herbivores like the cabbage aphid Brevicoryne brassicae co-opt the defence system of plants in the family Brassicaceae by sequestering glucosinolates to utilize in their own defence. The wild mustard Brassica nigra,analter- nate host for cabbage aphids, contains more glucosinolates than cultivated Brassica oleracea,and these co-occur in agricultural landscapes. We examined trade-offs between aphid performance and predator impact on these two host plants to test for chemically mediated enemy-free space. 2. Glucosinolate content of broccoli B. oleracea and mustard B. nigra was measured in plant mat- ter and in cabbage aphids feeding on each food source. Aphid development, aphid fecundity, preda- tion and predator mortality, and field densities of aphids and their natural enemies were also tested for each food source.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Cooking on in Vitro Sinigrin Bioaccessibility, Total Phenols
    G Model YJFCA 2453 1–9 Journal of Food Composition and Analysis xxx (2014) xxx–xxx Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Food Composition and Analysis jo urnal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jfca 1 2 Original Research Article 3 Effects of cooking on in vitro sinigrin bioaccessibility, total phenols, 4 antioxidant and antimutagenic activity of cauliflower 5 (Brassica oleraceae L. var. Botrytis) 6 Q1 Nilu¨ fer Girgin *, Sedef Nehir El 87 Food Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey 9 A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Article history: Cauliflower (Brassica oleraceae L. var. Botrytis) is a good source of bioactive compounds, such as Received 18 October 2012 glucosinolates, phenolic compounds and vitamins. In this study, the effects of some processes (i.e. Received in revised form 23 April 2014 boiling, steaming) on the sinigrin bioaccessibility as a major glucosinolate found in cruciferous Accepted 25 April 2014 vegetables after in vitro digestion, also in vitro antimutagenic activities, total phenols and total Available online xxx antioxidant capacities of cauliflower were determined. The sinigrin content was reduced by approximately 9.6% and 29.1% in steamed and boiled cauliflower (p > 0.05), respectively. After in Keywords: vitro simulated digestion, sinigrin content was decreased by 26.4% in raw samples, increased by 29.5% Glucosinolates and 114.7% in steamed and boiled samples, respectively. In all samples, mutagenic effect to Salmonella Sinigrin Antimutagenicity typhimurium TA 100 was not seen. When samples were steamed, phenol content was increased by Total phenols 14.83%.
    [Show full text]
  • Current Approaches For.Pdf
    Pol. J. Food Nutr. Sci., 2013, Vol. 63, No. 2, pp. 67-78 DOI: 10.2478/v10222-012-0072-6 http://journal.pan.olsztyn.pl Review article Section: Nutritional Research Current Approaches for Enhanced Expression of Secondary Metabolites as Bioactive Compounds in Plants for Agronomic and Human Health Purposes – a Review Sandra N. Jimenez-Garcia1, Moises A. Vazquez-Cruz1, Ramon G. Guevara-Gonzalez1, Irineo Torres-Pacheco1, Andres Cruz-Hernandez, Ana A. Feregrino-Perez2* 1Division de Estudios de Posgrado, C.A. Ingenieria de Biosistemas, Facultad de Ingenieria, Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, C.U. Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Colonia Las Campanas, C.P. 76010, Santiago de Queretaro, Queretaro, Mexico 2Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Clavel #200, Fraccionamiento Prados de la Capilla, C.P. 76176, Santiago de Queretaro, Queretaro, Mexico Key words: bioactive compounds, biosynthetic pathway, allelopathic, crop, health effect The study of secondary metabolism in plants is an important source for the discovery of bioactive compounds with a wide range of applications. Today these bioactive compounds derived from plants are important drugs such as antibiotics, and agrochemicals substitutes, they also have been economically important as fl avors and fragrances, dyes and pigments, and food preservatives. Many of the drugs sold today are synthetic modifi cations of naturally obtained substances. There is no rigid scheme for classifying secondary metabolites, but they can be divided into different groups based on their chemical components, function and biosynthesis: terpenoids and steroids, fatty acid-derived substances and polyketides, alkaloids, phenolic compounds, non-ribosomal polypeptides and enzyme cofactors. The increasing commercial importance of these chemical compounds has resulted in a great interest in secondary metabolism, particularly the possibility of altering the production of bioactive plant metabolites by means of tissue culture technology and metabolomics.
    [Show full text]
  • Influence of Heat Treatments on Sulforaphane in Italian Brassica
    L AVORO ORIGINALE L.F. DI CESARE1, Influence of heat treatments on C. MIGLIORI1,D.VISCARDI1, sulforaphane in italian brassica cultivars V. FERRARI2 PROGRESS IN NUTRITION Summary VOL. 11,N.2, 100-109, 2009 Organic isothiocyanates (ITCs), and particularly sulforaphane, are wi- dely studied as potential inhibitors carcinogenesis in animal models in- TITOLO cluding cancer of lung, esophagus, forestomach, colon, mammary glands Influenza dei trattamenti and pancreas. Sulforaphane, enzymatic breakdown product of glucora- termici sul sulforafane nelle phanin, was extracted by solvent from vegetable homogenates and quali- cultivar di brassica coltivate in quantitatively analysed by GC/MS. This method, modified from VanEt- Italia ten procedure, was used to evaluate sulforaphane in fresh and cooked (microwave, boiling water, steam, pan cooking) broccoli, cauliflower KEY WORDS (“Romanesco”, “verde di Macerata”, “violetto di Catania”, “Jesino” and Broccoli, cauliflowers, cabbage, commercial hybrid) and white cabbage. The highest content in sulfora- cooking methods (microwave, phane was noted in the raw broccoli, respect of the other examinated boiling water, steam, pan cooking), fresh brassica cultivars. When all these samples were cooked, the reten- sulforaphane; GC/MS analysis tion of sulforaphane, the most potent activator of phase II enzymes among all ITCs, were higher in the microwave cooked samples (61- PAROLE CHIAVE 86%), little lower in the boiling water (38-74%) and strongly lower in Broccoli, cavolfiore, cavolo, metodi the steam (18-52%) and pan cooking (14-48%). The microwave seems di cottura (microonde, acqua to be the most efficient cooking method for all these vegetables because bollente, vapore, frittura), it shows the highest retention in sulforaphane.
    [Show full text]
  • GLYCOSIDES • Compounds That Yield One/More Sugar and a Non-Sugar Molecule (Aglycone) Upon Hydrolysis
    GLYCOSIDES • Compounds that yield one/more sugar and a non-sugar molecule (aglycone) upon hydrolysis. • Glycoside ---- dil.acid /enzyme----hydrolysis--- AGLYCONE+ SUGAR/ SUGARS • AGLYCONE: Aliphatic/ Aromatic • SUGAR: a) Hexose (glycose, fructose, mannose, galactose) b) Pentose (arabinose, xylose) c) Methyl pentose (rhamnose) d) Desoxymethylpentose (digitoxose) 1 GLYCOSIDES • Mainly of plant origin • Widespread in Angiosperms (Angiospermae) • Occur in every organ of the plants, dissolved in cellulary juice. • Since the sugars link from the reductor moiety, their solutions become reductor after they hydrolised • They can well be crystyllized; generally white, have bitter taste. 2 GLYCOSIDES • Some of them are colorful • Yellow---------FLAVONOIDS • Red/Blue/Purple---------ANTOSYANINS • Orange-------------ANTRAQUINONE • The first isolated glycoside à SALICIN 3 GLYCOSIDES • Sugar à furanose/pyranose ring systems which may have α or β isomers. Glycoside consist of an α or β glycosidal bond. • Natural glycosides mostly tend to have β-linkage à (β-glycosides) 4 • The configuration of the anomeric carbon is α when the hemiacetal hydroxyl group is in the same orientation as the secondary hydroxyl group. In the opposite case the configuration is β. • Physical properties and enzyme reaction of these isomers differ from each other. GLYCOSIDES • One or more sugars can be linked/ attached either from the same location as a holoside chain or different locations. 6 GLYCOSIDES • Optically active; generelly in l, rarely d form • Soluble in water, MeOH,
    [Show full text]
  • Allyl Isothiocyanate (AITC
    Oriental Mustard Seed; Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) (014921) Fact Sheet Summary Oriental Mustard Seed containing Allyl isothiocynate (AITC) is a new active ingredient that comprises 98% of the end use product (EP) CA-1 for Turf and Ornamentals. The end use product is a granular pellet intended for use as a nematicide/fungicide in around turf and ornamentals. When Oriental Mustard Seed is wetted, AITC is released and is absorbed into the soil. No risks to humans or the environment are expected when pesticide products containing Oriental Mustard Seed are used according to the label directions. I. Description of the Active Ingredient Oriental Mustard Seed (OMS) (which has been de-oiled) is a new active ingredient. This active ingredient has been grinded such that it contains the natural components of the mustard seed (Oriental Mustard Bran and Oriental Mustard Meal); the enzyme myrosinase and glucosolinate sinigrin less the oil of mustard. The OMS technical product is therefore a pellet. Myrosinase and glucosolinate do not exhibit any pesticidal activity. However, when these components (as part of OMS) are in the presence of water, a catalytic reaction occurs whereby allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) is created. AITC is a federally registered active ingredient and thus is the residue of concern since, as described above, when water is added to the OMS pellet in the field, AITC is released. The toxicity profile of AITC has been well characterized by the Agency (Refer to Reregistration Eligibility Decision Flower and Vegetable Oils). For these reasons and since AITC, as derived from OMS is the residue of concern, this document will focus largely on the risks (if any) as presented by AITC.
    [Show full text]
  • Development of HPLC Method for Quantification of Sinigrin
    molecules Article Development of HPLC Method for Quantification of Sinigrin from Raphanus sativus Roots and Evaluation of Its Anticancer Potential Anroop B. Nair 1,* , Dipal Gandhi 2 , Snehal S. Patel 3 , Mohamed A. Morsy 1,4 , Bapi Gorain 5,6, Mahesh Attimarad 1 and Jigar N. Shah 7 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] (M.A.M.); [email protected] (M.A.) 2 Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India; [email protected] 3 Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India; [email protected] 4 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia 61511, Egypt 5 School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia; [email protected] 6 Centre for Drug Delivery and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia 7 Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +966-536-219-868 Academic Editor: Natalizia Miceli Received: 14 October 2020; Accepted: 23 October 2020; Published: 26 October 2020 Abstract: Sinigrin, a precursor of allyl isothiocyanate, present in the Raphanus sativus exhibits diverse biological activities, and has an immense role against cancer proliferation. Therefore, the objective of this study was to quantify the sinigrin in the R. sativus roots using developed and validated RP-HPLC method and further evaluated its’ anticancer activity.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversified Glucosinolate Metabolism: Biosynthesis of Hydrogen Cyanide and of the Hydroxynitrile Glucoside Alliarinoside in Rela
    Diversified glucosinolate metabolism biosynthesis of hydrogen cyanide and of the hydroxynitrile glucoside alliarinoside in relation to sinigrin metabolism in Alliaria petiolata Frisch, Tina; Motawie, Mohammed Saddik; Olsen, Carl Erik; Agerbirk, Niels; Møller, Birger Lindberg; Bjarnholt, Nanna Published in: Frontiers in Plant Science DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00926 Publication date: 2015 Document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Document license: CC BY Citation for published version (APA): Frisch, T., Motawie, M. S., Olsen, C. E., Agerbirk, N., Møller, B. L., & Bjarnholt, N. (2015). Diversified glucosinolate metabolism: biosynthesis of hydrogen cyanide and of the hydroxynitrile glucoside alliarinoside in relation to sinigrin metabolism in Alliaria petiolata. Frontiers in Plant Science, 6, [926]. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2015.00926 Download date: 04. okt.. 2021 ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 31 October 2015 doi: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00926 Diversified glucosinolate metabolism: biosynthesis of hydrogen cyanide and of the hydroxynitrile glucoside alliarinoside in relation to sinigrin metabolism in Alliaria petiolata Tina Frisch 1, 2, Mohammed S. Motawia 1, 2, 3, Carl E. Olsen 1, 2, 3, Niels Agerbirk 1, 4, Birger L. Møller 1, 2, 3, 4 and Nanna Bjarnholt 1, 2, 4* 1 Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, 2 VILLUM Research Center for Plant Plasticity, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, 3 Center for Synthetic Biology “bioSYNergy”, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, 4 Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Edited by: Ralph Kissen, Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard, Brassicaceae) contains the glucosinolate sinigrin as well Norwegian University of Science and as alliarinoside, a γ-hydroxynitrile glucoside structurally related to cyanogenic glucosides.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Biosynthesis and Chemical Properties of Natural Substances in Plants
    1 1 Biosynthesis and Chemical Properties of Natural Substances in Plants The number of known so-called “secondary metabolites” (also referred to as “natu- ral products”) that have been discovered to date is increasing at a constant rate. Yet, it is not only plants (as described in this book) that produce these bioactive compounds; rather, other organisms such as bacteria, fungi, sponges, as well as animals, are also capable of synthesizing a plethora of these metabolites. Whilst some of these metabolites are discussed in Chapters 4 and 5, a large number remain undiscovered. Moreover, secondary metabolites often possess interesting pharmacological properties, and therefore their characterization is very important. It should not be forgotten that plants synthesize these compounds as part of their own survival strategies, typically as defense compounds or as signals for pollinators or symbionts. In addition, recent evidence has pointed to additional roles for secondary metabolites in plant development. Although the term “second- ary metabolites” perhaps infers a less important role for these compounds than those involved in primary metabolism, this is not the case. In fact, many essential and nonessential compounds in this group are found in plants, and even so-called “nonessential materials” can play a role in a plant’s responses against abiotic and biotic stress. In this situation, the deletion of a biosynthetic pathway would cause damage to the plant, even if the pathway was not needed under favorable condi- tions. Interest in the secondary metabolites of plants was further increased when more sensitive analytical instruments became available, as well as genome sequence data for many plant species.
    [Show full text]