India: Annual Report 2011-2012
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ANNUAL REPORT 2011-2012 Ministry of Defence Government of India Joint Army-Air Force Exercise ‘Vijayee Bhava’ Army-Air Force Exercise ‘Vijayee Joint Front Cover :- Contingent of the Para-Regiment at the Republic Day Parade-2012 (Clockwise) AGNI-IV Test IAF’s Mi-17 V5 Helicopter Coast Guard Interceptor Boat ICGS C-153 Annual Report 2011-12 Ministry of Defence Government of India CONTENTS 1. Security Environment 1 2. Organisation and Functions of the Ministry of Defence 9 3. Indian Army 17 4. Indian Navy 33 5. Indian Air Force 43 6. Coast Guard 49 7. Defence Production 57 8. Defence Research and Development 93 9. Inter Service Organizations 113 10. Recruitment and Training 131 11. Resettlement and Welfare of Ex-Servicemen 153 12. Cooperation between the Armed Forces and Civil Authorities 167 13. National Cadet Corps 177 14. Defence Relations with Foreign Countries 189 15. Ceremonial, Academic and Adventure Activities 199 16. Activities of Vigilance Units 213 17. Empowerment and Welfare of Women 219 Appendices I Matters dealt with by the Departments of the Ministry of Defence 227 II Ministers, Chiefs of Staff and Secretaries who were in 231 position from January 1, 2011 onwards III Summary of latest Comptroller & Auditor General 232 (C&AG) Report on the working of Ministry of Defence IV Position of Action Taken Notes (ATNs) as on 31.12.2011 in respect 245 of observations made in the C&AG Reports/PAC Reports 3 4 1 SECURITY ENVIRONMENT IAF SU-30s dominating the air space 1 The emergence of ideology linked terrorism, the spread of small arms and light weapons(SALW), the proliferation of WMD (Weapons of Mass Destruction) and globalisation of its economy are some of the factors which link India’s security directly with the extended neighbourhood 1.1 India has land frontiers extending Ocean and the Bay of Bengal. The Andaman more than 15,500 kilometres and maritime & Nicobar Islands located 1300 km away from boundaries overlooking three major shipping the nearest point on our East Coast assume lanes. The country is strategically located vis- strategic predominance with respect to the à-vis both continental Asia and the Indian entrance to the Malacca Straits. In the Arabian Ocean Region. It has a landmass of 3.3 million Sea, the Lakshadweep and Minicoy islands, square kilometres and is home to over a billion situated on the sea-lanes of communication people with varying ethnic, linguistic, religious running eastwards from the Persian Gulf and and cultural backgrounds. the Red Sea are 450 km away from the nearest point on the West Coast. India is, thus, a 1.2 The topography of India is diverse, maritime as well as a continental entity. ranging from the snow clad Himalayas with peaks over 28,000 feet to deserts, thick jungles 1.3 The geographical and topographical and vast plains. The Siachen Glacier in the diversity, especially on the land borders which North is the world’s highest battle-field, with we share with seven neighbouring countries posts located as high as 21,000 feet. India’s (viz., Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Western border runs through deserts, fertile Myanmar, Nepal and Pakistan) poses unique plains and thickly forested mountains. The challenges to our Armed Forces. India’s North-Eastern frontier also comprises steep, peninsular dimension places it adjacent to high ranges and dense tropical forests. To one of the most vital sea-lanes of the world the South, there are ranges close to the sea, stretching from the Suez Canal and the Persian inland plateaus interspersed with river valleys, Gulf to the Straits of Malacca through which coastal plains, and far-flung island territories 55,000 ships and much of the oil from the Gulf such as the Lakshadweep to the West and the region transit each year. Andaman and Nicobar Islands to the East. On 1.4 India’s location at the base of continental three sides, from Gujarat to West Bengal, the Asia and the top of the Indian Ocean gives country is bordered by the Arabian Sea, Indian it a vantage point in relation to both Central 2 Asia and the Indian Ocean Region (IOR). the unfolding dynamic transformations are Additionally, India’s size, strategic location, generating new strategic uncertainties. The trade links and exclusive economic zone (EEZ) continuing economic crisis in Europe and the links its security environment directly with the Western world is a major cause of worry for extended neighbourhood, particularly with the global economy. Simultaneously, the Asia neighbouring countries and the regions of Pacific region has been acquiring an increasing Central Asia, South-East Asia, the Gulf and the salience in the economic and strategic Indian Ocean. These strategic-economic factors balance of power. The rise of countries like impose an increasingly larger responsibility on India, China, Brazil and South Africa has also India. been an important development vis-à-vis the established global order. 1.5 In the post cold war international scenario, the 9/11 terrorist attack against the 1.8 As rising nations and non-State actors USA and terrorist strikes in many other parts become more powerful, emerging risks require of the world have brought about greater greater attention. The security environment international convergence on security issues has become more complex, with asymmetric and challenges. The emergence of ideology threats from terrorism, piracy etc. Technology linked terrorism, the spread of small arms advances in telecommunications and other and light weapons(SALW), the proliferation areas have provided potent force multipliers of WMD (Weapons of Mass Destruction) and to boost the capabilities and impact of terrorist globalisation of its economy are some of the activities. Despite international efforts to deal factors which link India’s security directly with with terrorism, the threat from terrorism remains the extended neighbourhood. potent. There is continuing concern over the 1.6 South Asia hosts a diversity of political experiences and systems. The region also faces the menace of terrorism and problems by way of proliferation of arms and drugs. Against this background, India stands as a bulwark against fundamentalism and extremism. It is a centre of economic dynamism in the region and as a plural democracy, a bastion of stability and peaceful coexistence. The Global Security Environment 1.7 Over the last years, the global balance of power has witnessed new adjustments and Launch of BrahMos from INS Ranvir during the Exercise TROPEX 3 immediate neighbourhood remaining a hub for which India is an active member. India has international terrorist organisations. The threat supported efforts to establish an open and of piracy and terrorism to international trade inclusive security architecture for the region. and safety of the sea lanes of communication India’s policy is to encourage and participate in and the spread of piracy remain cause for cooperative approaches which would enable concern. all countries in the region to address traditional and non-traditional security challenges and to 1.9 The international security situation ensure that the critical sea lanes in the region continued to be adversely affected by continuing are kept open, secure and free for navigation conflict and violence. The political churning and trade. India’s continuing engagement with unleashed in West Asia and North Africa by the ASEAN led fora like the ADMM Plus and ASEAN ‘Arab Spring’ brought to the fore fresh concerns Regional Forum are a part of our progressive in the already complex security scenario in the and multifaceted bilateral and multilateral region. The complex and dynamic interplay of partnerships with the ASEAN community. At economic, diplomatic and military factors in the same time, India is mindful of the impact the Asia Pacific also continued to impact the that inter-State tensions may have on economic overall security assessment for the region as a relations and on the military balance in the whole. region and the manner in which these would 1.10 In view of the multifaceted security affect our national interests. concerns and the global dimensions of 1.12 The developments associated with the challenges, India has strengthened its the Arab Spring were seen as introducing participation in multilateral institutions and a democratic dynamic in West Asia and deepened its strategic partnerships with various North Africa. While these were welcomed countries so as to effectively contribute, as a universally, there are responsible stakeholder, to concerns about the impact regional and global peace India has strengthened its of these developments and stability. participation in multilateral on the security situation 1.11 The developments institutions and deepened its in the region and the in the Asia Pacific continue strategic partnerships with consequences for the to underline the need for various countries so as to flow of energy supplies. initiatives to build trust and India imports a significant effectively contribute, as a confidence in the region. proportion of its energy responsible stakeholder, to At the political level, a requirements from key development was the regional and global peace countries in the region and establishment of the East and stability. in addition, has to also Asia Summit forum, of take into consideration 4 the interests of the almost 6 million Indian through the India-Africa Forum Summits, a workforce in these countries. India has long strategic dimension has been added to India’s standing, warm and wide-ranging relations with relations with many African countries, in view all countries in the region and will continue of the emerging security challenges. The most to engage with them on the basis of mutuality important of these challenges is the continuing of respect and interests. India continues to threat of piracy in the Western Indian Ocean pursue defence and security engagements and the challenge that the activities of Somali with various countries in the region, including pirates continue to pose to the safety of the sea Oman, Qatar and the UAE, on the basis of lanes.