NCCN Guidelines for Central Nervous System Cancers Cancer V.1.2021 – Annual 10/23/2020

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

NCCN Guidelines for Central Nervous System Cancers Cancer V.1.2021 – Annual 10/23/2020 NCCN Guidelines for Central Nervous System Cancers Cancer v.1.2021 – Annual 10/23/2020 Guideline Page Institution Vote Panel Discussion/References and Request YES NO ABSTAIN ABSENT GLIO-1, GLIO-5 Based on a review of the data and discussion, the 0 24 0 5 External request: panel consensus did not support the addition of these specific recommendations into the Guidelines as they Submission/NX Development Corp (06/02/20): agree that this is already covered in the Guideline. For the Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma, Anaplastic Oligoastrocytoma, Anaplastic Astrocytoma, Anaplastic Gliomas and Glioblastoma (GLIO-1) workflow, under surgery, we recommend inclusion of Aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride (ALA, Brand Name Gleolan™) as an adjunct for the visualization of malignant tissue and to improve the completeness of resection during fluorescence guided glioma surgery. For the Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma, Anaplastic Oligoastrocytoma, Anaplastic Astrocytoma, Anaplastic Gliomas and Glioblastoma (GLIO-5) workflow, under recurrence resection, we recommend inclusion of Aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride (ALA, Brand Name Gleolan™) as an adjunct for the visualization of malignant tissue and to improve the completeness of resection during fluorescence guided glioma surgery. GLIO-2 The panel consensus supported the removal of 24 0 0 5 Internal request: “Standard RT + neoadjuvant or adjuvant PCV” for adjuvant treatment of anaplastic astrocytoma Consider removal of “Standard RT ÷ neoadjuvant or adjuvant PCV” for adjuvant treatment of anaplastic astrocytoma BRAIN-D (1 of 15, 2 of 15, 3 of 15) The panel consensus supported the inclusion of 24 0 0 5 Internal request: larotrectinib and entrectinib for tumors with NTRK gene fusion for recurrent or progressive disease Consider including larotrectinib and entrectinib for under useful in certain circumstances for low-grade NTRK gene fusion tumors. glioma, anaplastic gliomas, and glioblastoma. NCCN Guidelines for Central Nervous System Cancers Cancer v.1.2021 – Annual 10/23/2020 BRAIN-D (1 of 15) The panel consensus supported the inclusion of 24 0 0 5 Internal request: BRAF/MEK inhibitors dabrafenib/trametinib and vemurafenib/cobimetinib for tumors with BRAF Consider BRAF/MEK inhibitors dabrafenib/trametinib V600E activation mutation for recurrent or and vemurafenib/cobimetinib for tumors with BRAF progressive disease under useful in certain V600E activation mutation. circumstances for low-grade glioma, anaplastic gliomas, and glioblastoma. BRAIN-D (1 of 15) Based on a review of the data and discussion, the 24 0 0 5 External request: panel consensus supported the inclusion of selumetinib (for pilocytic astrocytoma with BRAF AstraZeneca/Medical Affairs (May 4, 2020). Add fusion or BRAF v600E activating mutation) as an selumetinib as a treatment option for recurrent or option for recurrent or progressive disease. This is a progressive disease in patients with low-grade category 2A useful in certain circumstances glioma/pilocytic and infiltrative supratentorial recommendation. astrocytoma/oligodendroglioma. See Submission for references External request: AstraZeneca/Medical Affairs (May 4, 2020). The Panel consensus was that this request is outside 0 24 0 5 Based on the recent approval of KOSELUGO™ of the scope of the Guidelines recommendations. (selumetinib) by the FDA, we respectfully request for consideration the addition of a new section on plexiform neurofibromas to be included within the NCCN Guidelines for Central Nervous System Cancers. In addition, we request selumetinib be included as a treatment option for pediatric patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and plexiform neurofibromas (PN). BRAIN-D (8 of 15) Based on a review of the data and discussion, the 24 0 0 5 Internal request: panel consensus supported the inclusion of “ado-trastuzumab emtansine (TDM1)” for brain Consider “ado-trastuzumab” for brain metastases from metastases from HER2 positive breast cancer. This HER2 positive breast cancer. is a category 2A recommendation. Reference: Montemurro F, Delaloge S, Barrios CH, et al. Trastuzumab emtansine (t-dm1) in patients with her2-positive metastatic breast cancer and brain metastases: Exploratory final analysis of cohort 1 from kamilla, a single-arm phase iiib clinical trial. Ann Oncol 2020;31:1350-1358. NCCN Guidelines for Central Nervous System Cancers Cancer v.1.2021 – Annual 10/23/2020 BRAIN-D (8 of 15) Based on a review of the data and discussion, the 24 0 0 5 Internal request: panel consensus supported moving capecitabine to HER2 non-specific breast cancer, for brain Consider moving capecitabine (category 2B) from metastases. This is a category 2A recommendation. HER2 positive breast cancer to HER2 non-specific breast cancer. BRAIN-D (8 of 15) Based on a review of the data and discussion, the 0 24 0 5 External request: panel consensus was to make no change regarding the requested inclusion of nivolumab + ipilimumab for Submission/Bristol Myers Squibb (06/23/20): Consider patients with melanoma brain metastases and wait the inclusion of nivolumab + ipilimumab for patients for publication of the data. with melanoma brain metastases. See Submission for references BRAIN-D (8 of 15) Based on a review of the data and discussion, the 24 0 0 5 External request: panel consensus supported the removal of “(EGFR T790M positive)” after “osimertinib”. Submission/AstraZeneca (04/14/20): We respectfully request that the specification “(EGFR T790M positive)” See Submission for references be removed after “osimertinib” from BRAIN-D Page 8 of 15 in the NCCN Guidelines of Central Nervous System Cancers Version 1.2020. BRAIN-D (8 of 15) Based on a review of the data and discussion, the 24 0 0 5 Internal request: panel consensus supported the inclusion of capmatinib as a treatment option for NSCLC with There are now approved MET/ROS and RET inhibitors. MET exon 14 skipping mutation and brain MET is the more meaningful since its 3-4% of NSCLC metastases. This is a category 2A recommendation. and may be a resistance mechanism. Do we want to add this? It is FDA approved. Reference: Wolf J, Seto T, Han JY, et al. Capmatinib in met exon 14-mutated or met-amplified non-small- External request: cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med 2020;383:944-957. Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation (December 11, 2020) consider inclusion of capmatinib as a treatment option for advanced NSCLC with MET exon 14 skipping mutation and brain metastases. .
Recommended publications
  • Australian Public Assessment Report for Larotrectinib
    Australian Public Assessment Report for Larotrectinib Proprietary Product Name: Vitrakvi Sponsor: Bayer Australia Limited December 2020 Therapeutic Goods Administration About the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) • The Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) is part of the Australian Government Department of Health and is responsible for regulating medicines and medical devices. • The TGA administers the Therapeutic Goods Act 1989 (the Act), applying a risk management approach designed to ensure therapeutic goods supplied in Australia meet acceptable standards of quality, safety and efficacy (performance) when necessary. • The work of the TGA is based on applying scientific and clinical expertise to decision- making, to ensure that the benefits to consumers outweigh any risks associated with the use of medicines and medical devices. • The TGA relies on the public, healthcare professionals and industry to report problems with medicines or medical devices. TGA investigates reports received by it to determine any necessary regulatory action. • To report a problem with a medicine or medical device, please see the information on the TGA website <https://www.tga.gov.au>. About AusPARs • An Australian Public Assessment Report (AusPAR) provides information about the evaluation of a prescription medicine and the considerations that led the TGA to approve or not approve a prescription medicine submission. • AusPARs are prepared and published by the TGA. • An AusPAR is prepared for submissions that relate to new chemical entities, generic medicines, major variations and extensions of indications. • An AusPAR is a static document; it provides information that relates to a submission at a particular point in time. • A new AusPAR will be developed to reflect changes to indications and/or major variations to a prescription medicine subject to evaluation by the TGA.
    [Show full text]
  • Entrectinib (Interim Monograph)
    Entrectinib (interim monograph) DRUG NAME: Entrectinib SYNONYM(S): RXDX-1011, NMS-E6282 COMMON TRADE NAME(S): ROZLYTREK® CLASSIFICATION: molecular targeted therapy Special pediatric considerations are noted when applicable, otherwise adult provisions apply. MECHANISM OF ACTION: Entrectinib is an orally administered, small molecule, multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitor which targets tropomyosin- related kinase (Trk) proteins TrkA, TrkB, and TrkC, proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase ROS (ROS1) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK). TrkA, TrkB, and TrkC are receptor tyrosine kinases encoded by the neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK) genes NTRK1, NTRK2, and NTRK3, respectively. Fusion proteins that include Trk, ROS1, or ALK kinase domains drive tumorigenic potential through hyperactivation of downstream signalling pathways leading to unconstrained cell proliferation. By potently inhibiting the Trk kinases, ROS1, and ALK, entrectinib inhibits downstream signalling pathways, cell proliferation and induces tumour cell apoptosis.3-5 PHARMACOKINETICS: Oral Absorption bioavailability = 55%; Tmax = 4-6 hours; Tmax delayed 2 h by high-fat, high-calorie food intake Distribution highly bound to human plasma proteins cross blood brain barrier? yes volume of distribution 551 L (entrectinib); 81.1 L (M5) plasma protein binding >99% (entrectinib and M5) Metabolism primarily metabolized by CYP 3A4 active metabolite(s) M5 inactive metabolite(s) M11 Excretion primarily via hepatic clearance urine 3.06% feces 82.9% (36% as unchanged entrectinib, 22% as M5) terminal half life 20 h (entrectinib); 40 h (M5) clearance 19.6 L/h (entrectinib); 52.4 L/h (M5) Elderly no clinically significant difference Children comparable pharmacokinetics of entrectinib and M5 in adults and children Ethnicity no clinically significant difference Adapted from standard reference3,4 unless specified otherwise.
    [Show full text]
  • (AZD6244) in an in Vivo Model of Childhood Astrocytoma
    Author Manuscript Published OnlineFirst on October 16, 2013; DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-13-0842 Author manuscripts have been peer reviewed and accepted for publication but have not yet been edited. Development, Characterization, and Reversal of Acquired Resistance to the MEK1 Inhibitor Selumetinib (AZD6244) in an In Vivo Model of Childhood Astrocytoma Hemant K. Bid1, Aaron Kibler1, Doris A. Phelps1, Sagymbek Manap1, Linlin Xiao1, Jiayuh Lin1, David Capper2, Duane Oswald1, Brian Geier1, Mariko DeWire1,5, Paul D. Smith3, Raushan T. Kurmasheva1, Xiaokui Mo4, Soledad Fernandez4, and Peter J. Houghton1*. 1Center for Childhood Cancer & Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205 2Institut of Pathology, Department Neuropathology, Ruprecht-Karls University and Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany 3Astrazeneca Ltd., Oncology iMed, Macclesfield, U.K. 4Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43221 5 Present address: Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229 Correspondence to Peter J. Houghton, Ph.D. Center for Childhood Cancer & Blood Diseases Nationwide Children’s Hospital 700 Children’s Drive Columbus, OH 43205 Ph: 614-355-2633 Fx: 614-355-2792 [email protected] Running head: Acquired resistance to MEK Inhibition in astrocytoma models. Conflict of Interest Statement: The authors consider that there is no actual or perceived conflict of interest. Dr. Paul D. Smith is an employee of Astrazeneca. 1 Downloaded from clincancerres.aacrjournals.org on September 30, 2021. © 2013 American Association for Cancer Research. Author Manuscript Published OnlineFirst on October 16, 2013; DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-13-0842 Author manuscripts have been peer reviewed and accepted for publication but have not yet been edited.
    [Show full text]
  • Could Hbx Protein Expression Affect Signal Pathway Inhibition by Gefitinib Or Selumetinib, a MEK Inhibitor, in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Lines?
    ORIGINAL ARTICLE Oncology & Hematology DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2011.26.2.214 • J Korean Med Sci 2011; 26: 214-221 Could HBx Protein Expression Affect Signal Pathway Inhibition by Gefitinib or Selumetinib, a MEK Inhibitor, in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Lines? Yoon Kyung Park1, Kang Mo Kim1, Hepatitis B virus X (HBx) protein has been known to play an important role in development Young-Joo Lee2, Ki-Hun Kim2, of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of this study is to find out whether HBx Sung-Gyu Lee2, Danbi Lee1, protein expression affects antiproliferative effect of an epidermal growth factor receptor- Ju Hyun Shim1, Young-Suk Lim1, tyrosine kinase (EGFR-TK) inhibitor and a MEK inhibitor in HepG2 and Huh-7 cell lines. We 1 1 Han Chu Lee , Young-Hwa Chung , established HepG2 and Huh-7 cells transfected stably with HBx gene. HBx protein 1 1 Yung Sang Lee , and Dong Jin Suh expression increased pERK and pAkt expression as well as β-catenin activity in both cells. Departments of 1Internal Medicine and 2Surgery, Gefitinib (EGFR-TK inhibitor) inhibited pERK and pAkt expression andβ -catenin activity in Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of both cells. Selumetinib (MEK inhibitor) reduced pERK level and β-catenin activity but pAkt Medicine, Seoul, Korea expression was rather elevated by selumetinib in these cells. Reduction of pERK levels was much stronger with selumetinib than gefitinib in both cells. The antiproliferative efficacy Received: 19 July 2010 Accepted: 2 November 2010 of selumetinib was more potent than that of gefitinib. However, the antiproliferative effect of gefitinib, as well as selumetinib, was not different between cell lines with or Address for Correspondence: without HBx expression.
    [Show full text]
  • Press Release
    Press Release Daiichi Sankyo and AstraZeneca Announce Global Development and Commercialization Collaboration for Daiichi Sankyo’s HER2 Targeting Antibody Drug Conjugate [Fam-] Trastuzumab Deruxtecan (DS-8201) Collaboration combines Daiichi Sankyo’s scientific and technological excellence with AstraZeneca’s global experience and resources in oncology to accelerate and expand the potential of [fam-] trastuzumab deruxtecan as monotherapy and combination therapy across a spectrum of HER2 expressing cancers AstraZeneca to pay Daiichi Sankyo up to $6.90 billion in total consideration, including $1.35 billion upfront payment and up to an additional $5.55 billion contingent upon achievement of future regulatory and sales milestones as well as other contingencies Companies to share equally development and commercialization costs as well as profits worldwide from [fam-] trastuzumab deruxtecan with Daiichi Sankyo maintaining exclusive rights in Japan Daiichi Sankyo is expected to book sales in U.S., certain countries in Europe, and certain other markets where Daiichi Sankyo has affiliates; AstraZeneca is expected to book sales in all other markets worldwide, including China, Australia, Canada and Russia Tokyo, Munich and Basking Ridge, NJ – (March 28, 2019) – Daiichi Sankyo Company, Limited (hereafter, Daiichi Sankyo) announced today that it has entered into a global development and commercialization agreement with AstraZeneca for Daiichi Sankyo’s lead antibody drug conjugate (ADC), [fam-] trastuzumab deruxtecan (DS-8201), currently in pivotal development for multiple HER2 expressing cancers including breast and gastric cancer, and additional development in non-small cell lung and colorectal cancer. Daiichi Sankyo and AstraZeneca will jointly develop and commercialize [fam-] trastuzumab deruxtecan as a monotherapy or a combination therapy worldwide, except in Japan where Daiichi Sankyo will maintain exclusive rights.
    [Show full text]
  • 07052020 MR ASCO20 Curtain Raiser
    Media Release New data at the ASCO20 Virtual Scientific Program reflects Roche’s commitment to accelerating progress in cancer care First clinical data from tiragolumab, Roche’s novel anti-TIGIT cancer immunotherapy, in combination with Tecentriq® (atezolizumab) in patients with PD-L1-positive metastatic non- small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) Updated overall survival data for Alecensa® (alectinib), in people living with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive metastatic NSCLC Key highlights to be shared on Roche’s ASCO virtual newsroom, 29 May 2020, 08:00 CEST Basel, 7 May 2020 - Roche (SIX: RO, ROG; OTCQX: RHHBY) today announced that new data from clinical trials of 19 approved and investigational medicines across 21 cancer types, will be presented at the ASCO20 Virtual Scientific Program organised by the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), which will be held 29-31 May, 2020. A total of 120 abstracts that include a Roche medicine will be presented at this year's meeting. "At ASCO, we will present new data from many investigational and approved medicines across our broad oncology portfolio," said Levi Garraway, M.D., Ph.D., Roche's Chief Medical Officer and Head of Global Product Development. “These efforts exemplify our long-standing commitment to improving outcomes for people with cancer, even during these unprecedented times. By integrating our medicines and diagnostics together with advanced insights and novel platforms, Roche is uniquely positioned to deliver the healthcare solutions of the future." Together with its partners, Roche is pioneering a comprehensive approach to cancer care, combining new diagnostics and treatments with innovative, integrated data and access solutions for approved medicines that will both personalise and transform the outcomes of people affected by this deadly disease.
    [Show full text]
  • MET Or NRAS Amplification Is an Acquired Resistance Mechanism to the Third-Generation EGFR Inhibitor Naquotinib
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN MET or NRAS amplifcation is an acquired resistance mechanism to the third-generation EGFR inhibitor Received: 5 October 2017 Accepted: 16 January 2018 naquotinib Published: xx xx xxxx Kiichiro Ninomiya1, Kadoaki Ohashi1,2, Go Makimoto1, Shuta Tomida3, Hisao Higo1, Hiroe Kayatani1, Takashi Ninomiya1, Toshio Kubo4, Eiki Ichihara2, Katsuyuki Hotta5, Masahiro Tabata4, Yoshinobu Maeda1 & Katsuyuki Kiura2 As a third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), osimeritnib is the standard treatment for patients with non-small cell lung cancer harboring the EGFR T790M mutation; however, acquired resistance inevitably develops. Therefore, a next-generation treatment strategy is warranted in the osimertinib era. We investigated the mechanism of resistance to a novel EGFR-TKI, naquotinib, with the goal of developing a novel treatment strategy. We established multiple naquotinib-resistant cell lines or osimertinib-resistant cells, two of which were derived from EGFR-TKI-naïve cells; the others were derived from geftinib- or afatinib-resistant cells harboring EGFR T790M. We comprehensively analyzed the RNA kinome sequence, but no universal gene alterations were detected in naquotinib-resistant cells. Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog (NRAS) amplifcation was detected in naquotinib-resistant cells derived from geftinib-resistant cells. The combination therapy of MEK inhibitors and naquotinib exhibited a highly benefcial efect in resistant cells with NRAS amplifcation, but the combination of MEK inhibitors and osimertinib had limited efects on naquotinib-resistant cells. Moreover, the combination of MEK inhibitors and naquotinib inhibited the growth of osimertinib-resistant cells, while the combination of MEK inhibitors and osimertinib had little efect on osimertinib-resistant cells.
    [Show full text]
  • Ambient Mass Spectrometry for the Intraoperative Molecular Diagnosis of Human Brain Tumors
    Ambient mass spectrometry for the intraoperative molecular diagnosis of human brain tumors Livia S. Eberlina, Isaiah Nortonb, Daniel Orringerb, Ian F. Dunnb, Xiaohui Liub, Jennifer L. Ideb, Alan K. Jarmuscha, Keith L. Ligonc, Ferenc A. Joleszd, Alexandra J. Golbyb,d, Sandro Santagatac, Nathalie Y. R. Agarb,d,1, and R. Graham Cooksa,1 aDepartment of Chemistry and Center for Analytical Instrumentation Development, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907; and Departments of bNeurosurgery, cPathology, and dRadiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 Edited by Jack Halpern, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, and approved December 5, 2012 (received for review September 11, 2012) The main goal of brain tumor surgery is to maximize tumor resection at Brigham and Women’s Hospital (BWH), created an opportu- while preserving brain function. However, existing imaging and nity for collecting information about the extent of tumor resection surgical techniques do not offer the molecular information needed during surgery (5, 6). Although brain tumor resection typically to delineate tumor boundaries. We have developed a system to requires multiple hours, intraoperative MRI can be completed rapidly analyze and classify brain tumors based on lipid information and information evaluated within an hour. However, MRI has acquired by desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry limited ability to distinguish residual tumor from surrounding (DESI-MS). In this study, a classifier was built to discriminate gliomas normal brain (9). In consequence, there is a need for more de- and meningiomas based on 36 glioma and 19 meningioma samples. tailed molecular information to be acquired on a timescale closer The classifier was tested and results were validated for intraoper- to real time than can be supplied by MRI.
    [Show full text]
  • Cogent Biosciences Announces Creation of Cogent Research Team
    Cogent Biosciences Announces Creation of Cogent Research Team April 6, 2021 Names industry veteran John Robinson, PhD as Chief Scientific Officer New Boulder-based team with exceptional track record of drug discovery and development focused on creating novel small molecule therapies for rare, genetically driven diseases Strong year-end cash position of $242.2 million supports company goals into 2024, including three CGT9486 clinical trials on-track to start this year, beginning with ASM in 1H21 BOULDER, Colo. and CAMBRIDGE, Mass., April 6, 2021 /PRNewswire/ -- Cogent Biosciences, Inc. (Nasdaq: COGT), a biotechnology company focused on developing precision therapies for genetically defined diseases, today announced the formation of the Cogent Research Team led by newly appointed Chief Scientific Officer, John Robinson, PhD. "Today marks an important step forward for Cogent Biosciences as we announce the formation of the Cogent Research Team with a focus on discovering and developing new small molecule therapies for patients fighting rare, genetically driven diseases," said Andrew Robbins, President and Chief Executive Officer of Cogent Biosciences. "I am thrilled to welcome John onboard as Cogent Biosciences' Chief Scientific Officer. John's expertise and seasoned leadership make him ideally suited to lead this new team of world class scientists. Given the team's impressive experience and accomplishments, we are excited for Cogent Biosciences' future and the opportunity to expand our pipeline and deliver novel precision therapies for patients." With an exceptional track record of innovation, the Cogent Research Team will focus on pioneering best-in-class, small molecule therapeutics to both improve upon existing drugs with clear limitations, as well as create new breakthroughs for diseases where others have been unable to find solutions.
    [Show full text]
  • Phase II Study of Selumetinib, an Orally Active Inhibitor of MEK1 and MEK2 Kinases, in KRASG12R-Mutant Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
    UC Davis UC Davis Previously Published Works Title Phase II study of selumetinib, an orally active inhibitor of MEK1 and MEK2 kinases, in KRASG12R-mutant pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3520819s Journal Investigational new drugs, 39(3) ISSN 0167-6997 Authors Kenney, Cara Kunst, Tricia Webb, Santhana et al. Publication Date 2021-06-01 DOI 10.1007/s10637-020-01044-8 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Investigational New Drugs (2021) 39:821–828 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10637-020-01044-8 SHORT REPORT Phase II study of selumetinib, an orally active inhibitor of MEK1 and MEK2 kinases, in KRASG12R-mutant pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma Cara Kenney1 & Tricia Kunst1 & Santhana Webb1 & Devisser Christina Jr2 & Christy Arrowood3 & Seth M. Steinberg4 & Niharika B. Mettu3 & Edward J. Kim2 & Udo Rudloff1,5 Received: 5 November 2020 /Accepted: 3 December 2020 / Published online: 6 January 2021 # This is a U.S. government work and not under copyright protection in the U.S.; foreign copyright protection may apply 2020 Summary Background Preclinical evidence has suggested that a subset of pancreatic cancers with the G12R mutational isoform of the KRAS oncogene is more sensitive to MAPK pathway blockade than pancreatic tumors with other KRAS isoforms. We con- ducted a biomarker-driven trial of selumetinib (KOSELUGO™; ARRY-142886), an orally active, allosteric mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 and 2 (MEK1/2) inhibitor, in pancreas cancer patients with somatic KRASG12R mutations. Methods In this two- stage, phase II study (NCT03040986) patients with advanced pancreas cancer harboring somatic KRASG12R variants who had received at least one standard-of-care systemic therapy regimen received 75 mg selumetinib orally twice a day until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity occurred.
    [Show full text]
  • Tabrecta (Capmatinib)
    Tabrecta (capmatinib) NEW PRODUCT SLIDESHOW Introduction . Brand name: Tabrecta . Generic name: Capmatinib . Pharmacologic class: Kinase inhibitor . Strength and Formulation: 150mg, 200mg; tablets . Manufacturer: Novartis . How supplied: Tabs—56 . Legal Classification: Rx Tabrecta Indication Treatment of adult patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whose tumors have a mutation that leads to mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) exon 14 skipping as detected by an FDA- approved test . Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in confirmatory trial(s) Dosage and Administration Confirm presence of a mutation that leads to MET exon 14 skipping in tumor specimens Swallow whole 400mg twice daily Recommended dose reductions for adverse reactions: . First: 300mg twice daily . Second: 200mg twice daily . Permanently discontinue in patients unable to tolerate 200mg twice daily Dosage Modifications for Adverse Reactions Interstitial lung disease/pneumonitis . Any grade: permanently discontinue Increased ALT and/or AST without increased total bilirubin . Grade 3: withhold until recovery to baseline ALT/AST; if recovery to baseline within 7 days, then resume at same dose, otherwise resume at a reduced dose . Grade 4: permanently discontinue Increased ALT and/or AST with increased total bilirubin in the absence of cholestasis or hemolysis . ALT and/or AST >3xULN with total bilirubin >2xULN: permanently discontinue Dosage Modifications for Adverse Reactions Increased total bilirubin without concurrent increased ALT and/or AST . Grade 2: withhold until recovery to baseline bilirubin; if recovered to baseline within 7 days, then resume at same dose, otherwise resume at reduced dose . Grade 3: withhold until recovery to baseline bilirubin; if recovered to baseline within 7 days, then resume at reduced dose, otherwise permanently discontinue .
    [Show full text]
  • Dual Targeting of HER2-Positive Cancer with Trastuzumab Emtansine and Pertuzumab: Critical Role for Neuregulin Blockade in Antitumor Response to Combination Therapy
    Published OnlineFirst October 4, 2013; DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-13-0358 Clinical Cancer Cancer Therapy: Clinical Research See related article by Gwin and Spector, p. 278 Dual Targeting of HER2-Positive Cancer with Trastuzumab Emtansine and Pertuzumab: Critical Role for Neuregulin Blockade in Antitumor Response to Combination Therapy Gail D. Lewis Phillips1, Carter T. Fields1, Guangmin Li1, Donald Dowbenko1, Gabriele Schaefer1, Kathy Miller5, Fabrice Andre6, Howard A. Burris III8, Kathy S. Albain9, Nadia Harbeck10, Veronique Dieras7, Diana Crivellari11, Liang Fang2, Ellie Guardino3, Steven R. Olsen3, Lisa M. Crocker4, and Mark X. Sliwkowski1 Abstract Purpose: Targeting HER2 with multiple HER2-directed therapies represents a promising area of treatment for HER2-positive cancers. We investigated combining the HER2-directed antibody–drug con- jugate trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) with the HER2 dimerization inhibitor pertuzumab (Perjeta). Experimental Design: Drug combination studies with T-DM1 and pertuzumab were performed on cultured tumor cells and in mouse xenograft models of HER2-amplified cancer. In patients with HER2- positive locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer (mBC), T-DM1 was dose-escalated with a fixed standard pertuzumab dose in a 3þ3 phase Ib/II study design. Results: Treatment of HER2-overexpressing tumor cells in vitro with T-DM1 plus pertuzumab resulted in synergistic inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptotic cell death. The presence of the HER3 ligand, heregulin (NRG-1b), reduced the cytotoxic activity of T-DM1 in a subset of breast cancer lines; this effect was reversed by the addition of pertuzumab. Results from mouse xenograft models showed enhanced antitumor efficacy with T-DM1 and pertuzumab resulting from the unique antitumor activities of each agent.
    [Show full text]