Diabetic Nephropathy: Proteinuria, Inflammation, and Fibrosis
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Journal of Diabetes Research Diabetic Nephropathy: Proteinuria, Inflammation, and Fibrosis Guest Editors: Shirong Zheng, David W. Powell, Feng Zheng, Phillip Kantharidis, and Luigi Gnudi Diabetic Nephropathy: Proteinuria, Inflammation, and Fibrosis Journal of Diabetes Research Diabetic Nephropathy: Proteinuria, Inflammation, and Fibrosis Guest Editors: Shirong Zheng, David W.Powell, Feng Zheng, Phillip Kantharidis, and Luigi Gnudi Copyright © 2016 Hindawi Publishing Corporation. All rights reserved. This is a special issue published in “Journal of Diabetes Research.” All articles are open access articles distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Editorial Board Steven F Abcouwer, USA Thomas Haak, Germany Ulrike Rothe, Germany Reza Abdi, USA Thomas J. Hawke, Canada Toralph Ruge, Sweden Abdelaziz Amrani, Canada Ole Kristian Hejlesen, Denmark Christoph H. Saely, Austria Giovanni Annuzzi, Italy Dario Iafusco, Italy Ponnusamy Saravanan, UK Jean L. Ardilouze, Canada Konstantinos Kantartzis, Germany Toshiyasu Sasaoka, Japan Evan Atlantis, Australia Daisuke Koya, Japan Andrea Scaramuzza, Italy Fabrizio Barbetti, Italy Frida Leonetti, Italy Yael Segev, Israel Irene D. Blackberry, Australia Sandra MacRury, UK Suat Simsek, Netherlands Simona Bo, Italy Afshan Malik, UK Eirik Søfteland, Norway Sihem Boudina, USA Roberto Mallone, France Marco Songini, Italy NormandG.Boulé,Canada Raffaele Marfella, Italy Harald Sourij, Austria Monica Bullo, Spain Carlos Martinez Salgado, Spain Janet H. Southerland, USA Stefania Camastra, Italy Lucy Marzban, Canada Kimber Stanhope, USA Norman Cameron, UK Raffaella Mastrocola, Italy David Strain, UK Ilaria Campesi, Italy David Meyre, Canada Kiyoshi Suzuma, Japan Riccardo Candido, Italy Maria G. Montez, USA Giovanni Targher, Italy Brunella Capaldo, Italy Stephan Morbach, Germany Patrizio Tatti, Italy Danila Capoccia, Italy Jiro Nakamura, Japan Farook Thameem, USA Sergiu Catrina, Sweden Monica Nannipieri, Italy Michael J. Theodorakis, UK Subrata Chakrabarti, Canada Pratibha V. Nerurkar, USA Peter Thule, USA Munmun Chattopadhyay, USA Monika A. Niewczas, USA Ronald G. Tilton, USA Eusebio Chiefari, Italy Mitsuhiko Noda, Japan Andrea Tura, Italy Secundino Cigarran, Spain Francisco Javier Nóvoa, Spain Ruben Varela-Calvino, Spain Kim Connelly, Canada Craig S. Nunemaker, USA Christian Wadsack, Austria Laurent Crenier, Belgium Hiroshi Okamoto, Japan Matthias Weck, Germany Christophe De Block, Belgium Ike S. Okosun, USA Geoff Werstuck, Canada Devon A. Dobrosielski, USA Fernando Ovalle, USA Per Westermark, Sweden Francesco Dotta, Italy Jun Panee, USA Jennifer Wilkinson-Berka, Australia Khalid M. Elased, USA Cesare Patrone, Sweden Dane K. Wukich, USA Ulf J. Eriksson, Sweden Subramaniam Pennathur, USA Daisuke Yabe, Japan Paolo Fiorina, USA Marcus Pezzolesi, USA Kazuya Yamagata, Japan Andrea Flex, Italy Andreas Pfützner, Germany Shi Fang Yan, USA Daniela Foti, Italy Rodica Pop-Busui, USA Mark A. Yorek, USA Georgia Fousteri, Italy Bernard Portha, France Liping Yu, USA Maria Pia Francescato, Italy Ed Randell, Canada David Zangen, Israel Pedro M. Geraldes, Canada Jordi Lluis Reverter, Spain Thomas J. Zgonis, USA Margalit D. Goldfracht, Israel Ute Christine Rogner, France Dan Ziegler, Germany Contents Diabetic Nephropathy: Proteinuria, Inflammation, and Fibrosis Shirong Zheng, David W. Powell, Feng Zheng, Phillip Kantharidis, and Luigi Gnudi Volume 2016, Article ID 5241549, 2 pages Influence of Acute High Glucose on Protein Abundance Changes in Murine Glomerular Mesangial Cells Michelle T. Barati, James C. Gould, Sarah A. Salyer, Susan Isaacs, Daniel W. Wilkey, and Michael L. Merchant Volume 2016, Article ID 3537863, 11 pages Immune Cells and Inflammation in Diabetic Nephropathy Zihan Zheng and Feng Zheng Volume 2016, Article ID 1841690, 10 pages Renal Protection by Genetic Deletion of the Atypical Chemokine Receptor ACKR2 in Diabetic OVE Mice Shirong Zheng, Susan Coventry, Lu Cai, David W. Powell, Venkatakrishna R. Jala, Bodduluri Haribabu, and Paul N. Epstein Volume 2016, Article ID 5362506, 11 pages A Systems Biology Overview on Human Diabetic Nephropathy: From Genetic Susceptibility to Post-Transcriptional and Post-Translational Modifications Francesca Conserva, Loreto Gesualdo, and Massimo Papale Volume 2016, Article ID 7934504, 23 pages Association of Haemostatic and Inflammatory Biomarkers with Nephropathy in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Caroline Pereira Domingueti, Rodrigo Bastos Fóscolo, Janice Sepúlveda Reis, Fernanda Magalhães Freire Campos, Luci Maria S. Dusse, Maria das Graças Carvalho, Karina Braga Gomes, and Ana Paula Fernandes Volume 2016, Article ID 2315260, 8 pages Review of Herbal Traditional Chinese Medicine for the Treatment of Diabetic Nephropathy Guang-dong Sun, Chao-yuan Li, Wen-peng Cui, Qiao-yan Guo, Chang-qing Dong, Hong-bin Zou, Shu-jun Liu, Wen-peng Dong, and Li-ning Miao Volume 2016, Article ID 5749857, 18 pages Hindawi Publishing Corporation Journal of Diabetes Research Volume 2016, Article ID 5241549, 2 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5241549 Editorial Diabetic Nephropathy: Proteinuria, Inflammation, and Fibrosis Shirong Zheng,1 David W. Powell,2 Feng Zheng,3 Phillip Kantharidis,4 and Luigi Gnudi5 1 Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA 2Department of Medicine and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA 3Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital and Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China 4JDRF Danielle Alberti Memorial Centre for Diabetes Complications, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia 5Cardiovascular Division, School of Life Science & Medicine, King’s College London, Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK Correspondence should be addressed to Shirong Zheng; [email protected] Received 17 December 2015; Accepted 17 December 2015 Copyright © 2016 Shirong Zheng et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious complication of dia- the renal expression of decoy chemokine receptor ACKR2 betes; it initially manifests with microalbuminuria and pro- in DN patients and renal protection in diabetic mice with gresses towards end-stage renal failure. Sustained diabetes- ACKR2 gene knockout, revealing the unexpected negative related metabolic and haemodynamic perturbations can role of ACKR2 in diabetic kidney disease. Association of induce subclinical low-grade renal inflammation and drive haemostatic and inflammatory biomarkers with nephropathy kidney from repair response to damage process, eventually in type I diabetic patients is shown by C. P.Domingueti et al., torenalfibrosis.Inthisspecialissue,weincludearticles indicating potential therapeutic targets for DN. regarding inflammation, Chinese herbs, and systems biol- ogy to present up-to-date information on immune cells, (2) Chinese Medicine. Herbs are major form of therapy in chemokine receptor, and biomarkers in DN, displaying com- traditional Chinese medicine. Their value has been illustrated bined therapy in treatment of DN and highlighting the by the discovery of artemisinin [1], a drug saving millions effective approach in exploring genetic susceptibility of DN. of lives from malaria, derived from an active ingredient of Chinese herb. Chinese medicine is part of the treatment used (1) Inflammation. Despite the broad themes covered by this againstDNinChina.InreviewbyG.Sunetal.,over20recipes special issue, all articles focus on a common theme: immune of herb medicine and 30 single herbs or monomers are sum- cells and inflammation. Hyperglycemia and oxidative stress, marized. These therapies have showed efficacy at improving as well as albuminuria per se, can lead the immune and albuminuria and inflammation in diabetic patients. Ongoing inflammatory cells to infiltrate into kidney and release proin- research programs focus on identifying the effective com- flammatory cytokines. This inflammatory “repair process” ponent(s) contained in the most promising herbs with the revertstoandmanifestsasa“chronicunfavorableprocess” ultimate aim of developing safe and novel compounds for the that eventually leads to the disease phenotype (renal fibrosis). treatment of DN. ThereviewarticlebyZ.ZhengandF.Zhengsummarizesthe role of immune cells and inflammation in DN, highlighting (3) Systems Biology. As defined by NIH, systems biology the contribution of APC cells, T-helper cells, and tubular is an approach used in biomedical research to understand epithelial cells to the inflammation. S. Zheng et al. reported the “bigger picture”—be it at the level of the organism, 2 Journal of Diabetes Research tissue, or cell—to reconstruct the biology from huge volumes data using computational and mathematical methods. This is in stark contrast to decades of reductionist biology, which involved taking the pieces apart in order to understand the biology [2]. As technology advances, genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics become reliable, affordable, and readily available to explore the molecular profiles of human disease.