Handbook of Chess Composition

HANDBOOK OF CHESS COMPOSITION

4th EDITION

Hannu Harkola

Helsinki, October 2007 Contents

Foreword...... 3

Commission Meetings ...... 4 Members ...... 5 Presidents ...... 6

Rules Statutes ...... 7 Solver's rating ...... 13 Rules for rating calculation ...... 13 Criteria for acceptability of the tournaments at which ratings and norms can be gained ...... 14 Criteria for gaining norms ...... 14 Criteria for gaining titles ...... 15 Rating list of solvers ...... 15 Rules of the WCSC ...... 19 Rules of the ECSC ...... 21 Codex ...... 24

Titles Grandmasters of the FIDE for Chess Compositions ...... 31 International Masters of the FIDE for Chess Compositions ...... 31 FIDE Masters for Chess Compositions...... 33 Honorary Masters of Chess Composition ...... 34 International Judges for Chess Compositions ...... 35 International Solving Grandmasters ...... 40 International Solving Masters ...... 40 FIDE Solving Masters ...... 40 International Titles ...... 42

Competitions World Chess Solving Championship Tourneys ...... 53 European Chess Solving Championship Tourneys ...... 53 The International Team-Matches for Chess-Composition and the World Chess Composition Tournaments of the FIDE .... 54 World Championship in Composing ...... 54

FIDE-Albums FIDE-Albums ...... 54 FIDE-Album points 1914-2000, point order...... 55 FIDE-Album points 1914-2000, alphabetical order ...... 56

2. FOREWORD

This leaflet started from the work of mr. Pieter Chess Solving Championship 1977–2006" by ten Cate in 1971 and Suomen Shakki nr. 4a/1979, Ľubomír Širáň will be published in October 2007. which was published for the Hyvinkää meeting of the Permanent Commission of the FIDE for Chess The first version of this booklet with the title "Prob- Compositions (PCCC). The material has been col- lem Chess Lists" was published in August 1989, the lected during my 36 Commission meetings since second edition in August 1993 and the third edition 1969. During that period I have been the Secretary in July 1998. I have received a lot of corrections of the Commission for 12 years and the 1st Vice- and I want to thank all those who have helped me. President in 1994–98 and 2002–. Dr. Klaus Wenda Dr. Bedrich Formánek has checked and corrected and Helmut Zajic have helped in completing the the writing of names. The new title for the fourth official part since 1989. edition was suggested by John Rice

The FIDE-Album statistics have been computed Most of this material is available also on the PCCC from a database containing the registers of all 19 web site at http://www.sci.fi/~stniekat/pccc and the Albums with 1995 composers and 18751 composi- latest amendments can be found there. tions. Please, inform about any errors to the following ad- The detailed results of the first 20 WCSC tourneys dress: Hannu Harkola, Ampujantie 18, FI-00700 (and problems with solutions) have been published Helsinki, Finland or by e-mail to hannu.harkola@ in my book "World Chess Solving Championship netti.fi. 1977–1996" in 1997. An updated edition ""World

Editor and publisher: © Hannu Harkola Ampujantie 18, FI-00700 Helsinki, Finland e-mail: [email protected]

Helsinki 2007

3. MEETINGS OF THE PERMANENT COMMISSION OF THE F.I.D.E. FOR CHESS COMPOSITIONS

Place Year Delegates President Budapest, Hungary ...... 1956 ...... 4 ...... Neukomm Vienna, Austria ...... 1957 ...... 6 ...... - ¨ - PIRAN, Yugoslavia ...... 1958 ...... 11 ...... Petrović Wiesbaden, FR Germany ...... 1959 ...... 12 ...... - ¨ - Leipzig, GDR ...... 1960 ...... 10 ...... - ¨ - Moscow, USSR ...... 1961 ...... 10 ...... - ¨ - SOLOTURN, Switzerland ...... 1962 ...... 8 ...... - ¨ - Tel Aviv, Israel ...... 1964 ...... 6 ...... Mansfield Reading, Great Britain ...... 1965 ...... 11 ...... - ¨ - BARCELONA, Spain ...... 1966 ...... 12 ...... - ¨ - Tampere, Finland ...... 1967 ...... 13 ...... - ¨ - Arcachon, France ...... 1968 ...... 15 ...... - ¨ - Varna, Bulgaria ...... 1969 ...... 14 ...... - ¨ - The HAGUE, Netherlands ...... 1971 ...... 14 ...... - ¨ - Pula, Yugoslavia ...... 1972 ...... 15 ...... Jensch Imola, Italy ...... 1973 ...... 13 ...... - ¨ - WIESBADEN, FR Germany ...... 1974 ...... 21 ...... - ¨ - Tbilisi, USSR ...... 1975 ...... 16 ...... Hannelius Ribe, Denmark...... 1976 ...... 18 ...... - ¨ - Malinska, Yugoslavia ...... 1977 ...... 18 ...... - ¨ - CANTERBURY, Great Britain...... 1978 ...... 19 ...... - ¨ - Hyvinkää, Finland ...... 1979 ...... 17 ...... - ¨ - Wiener Neustadt, Austria ...... 1980 ...... 21 ...... - ¨ - Arnhem, Netherlands ...... 1981 ...... 18 ...... - ¨ - VARNA, Bulgaria ...... 1982 ...... 17 ...... - ¨ - Bat-Yam, Israel...... 1983 ...... 13 ...... - ¨ - Sarajevo, Yugoslavia ...... 1984 ...... 16 ...... - ¨ - Riccione, Italy ...... 1985 ...... 19 ...... - ¨ - FONTENAY-SOUS-BOIS, France ...... 1986 ...... 19 ...... - ¨ - Graz, Austria ...... 1987 ...... 20 ...... Wenda Budapest, Hungary ...... 1988 ...... 22 ...... - ¨ - Bournemouth, Great Britain...... 1989 ...... 23 ...... - ¨ - BENIDORM, Spain ...... 1990 ...... 22 ...... - ¨ - Rotterdam, Netherlands ...... 1991 ...... 23 ...... - ¨ - Bonn, Germany ...... 1992 ...... 23 ...... - ¨ - Bratislava, Slovakia ...... 1993 ...... 25 ...... - ¨ - BELFORT, France ...... 1994 ...... 23 ...... - ¨ - Turku, Finland ...... 1995 ...... 26 ...... Formánek Tel Aviv, Israel ...... 1996 ...... 27 ...... - ¨ - Pula, Croatia ...... 1997 ...... 28 ...... - ¨ - ST. PETERSBURG, Russian Fed...... 1998 ...... 30 ...... - ¨ - Netanya, Israel ...... 1999 ...... 27 ...... - ¨ - Pula, Croatia ...... 2000 ...... 26 ...... - ¨ - Wageningen, Netherlands ...... 2001 ...... 29 ...... - ¨ - PORTOROŽ, Slovenia ...... 2002 ...... 29 ...... - ¨ - Moscow, Russia ...... 2003 ...... 29 ...... Rice Halkidiki, Greece ...... 2004 ...... 31 ...... - ¨ - Eretria, Greece ...... 2005 ...... 30 ...... - ¨ - WAGENINGEN, Netherlands ...... 2006 ...... 31 ...... - ¨ - Rhodes, Greece...... 2007 ...... Avner Meetings 4. PERMANENT COMMISSION OF THE F.I.D.E. FOR CHESS COMPOSITIONS

Members: Austria Helmut Zajic Azerbaijan Agshin Masimov Belarus Alexandr Mikholap Belgium Luc Palmans Bosnia-Hercegovina Fadil Abdurahmanović Brazil Bulgaria Petko Petkov Croatia Zvonimir Hernitz Czechia Michal Dragoun Denmark Björn Enemark Estonia Indrek Aunver Finland Hannu Harkola 1. Vice-President France Michel Caillaud Georgia David Gurgenidze Germany Bernd Ellinghoven Great Britain Paul Valois Greece Harry Fougiaxis Hungary Zoltán Laborczi Israel Uri Avner President Italy Francesco Simoni Japan Tadashi Wakashima Kazakhstan Kir Sivertsev Latvia Ilya Ketris Lithuania Vidmantas Satkus Macedonia Nikola Stolev Moldova Albert Ivanov Mongolia Sonomun Chimedtzeren the Netherlands Henk le Grand Poland Tadeusz Lehmann Rumania Ioan Nicula Russian Federation Andrei Selivanov Serbia Marjan Kovačević Slovakia Bedrich Formánek Slovenia Marko Klasinc 2. Vice-President Spain Sweden Kjell Widlert 3. Vice-President Switzerland Thomas Maeder Ukraine Yevgen Reytsen U.S.A. Mike Prcic 39 members

Honorary Presidents: Jan Hannelius Finland (+) Klaus Wenda Austria Bedrich Formánek Slovakia John Rice Great Britain

Commission 5. Honorary Members: Antonio F. Argüelles (+) Spain Barry P. Barnes Britain Attila Benedek Hungary Viktor Chepizhny Russian Federation Newman Guttman USA Alexandr Kazancev (+) Russian Federation László Lindner (+) Hungary Giorgio Mirri (+) Italy Jan Mortensen (+) Denmark Byron Zappas Greece

Secretary: Günter Büsing Germany

PRESIDENTS OF PCCC

Gyula Neukomm (+) Hungary 1956 – 1958 Nenad Petrović (+) Yugoslavia 1958 – 1964 Comins Mansfield (+) Great Britain 1964 – 1972 Gerhard Jensch (+) Germany 1972 – 1974 Jan Hannelius (+) Finland 1974 – 1986 Klaus Wenda Austria 1986 – 1994 Bedrich Formánek Slovakia 1994 – 2002 John Rice Great Britain 2002 – 2006 Uri Avner Israel 2006 –

Rice Avner Formánek

Presidents 6. STATUTES OF THE PERMANENT FIDE-COMMISSION FOR CHESS COMPOSITIONS

(Version Wageningen 2001) § II. The Commission's meeting

§ I. The Commission 1. Once every year the President calls an ordinary meeting which shall be organized each time by a member- 1. The Permanent Commission for Chess Compositions country. If no member-country is prepared to under- (PCCC) operates by definition under a mandate from take the organization, the President may postpone the the FIDE (see Annex V, Section 1 - Status, Principles meeting for one year. If in that following year no or- and Aims of FIDE). ganizer can be found, the President shall organize it To the Commission currently belong the chess fed- himself as he sees fit. erations/chess problem societies of those countries listed in Annex I, each of which has the right to nomi- 2. An ordinary meeting shall consist of several sessions nate a delegate. These delegates together, as "ordi- and shall occupy at least (four) 4 and not more than nary Members" constitute the Commission. They are (eight) 8 days of session. hereinafter referred to simply as "Members". 3. In cases of emergency, the President in consultation 2. The Commission is entitled to appoint experts for cer- with the Vice-Presidents may call an extraordinary tain fields as extraordinary Members with a simple meeting, even between two ordinary meetings, at any majority. These experts are named in Annex II. It is place that seems suitable to him. The President is also their task to support the Commission in all matters entitled to invite the Vice-Presidents to a Presidium connected with their respective fields. They have the meeting for good reason. voting right in all questions belonging to their fields of expertise additionally to the ordinary Members. 4. The President shall invite in writing to every meeting They have to be invited to all meetings of the Com- all the member-federations listed in Annex I. A permission. sonal invitation shall be sent to Honorary Presidents, Honorary Members and experts in accordance with 3. The task of the Commission is to pay attention to all Annex II. matters of international interest in problem chess and studies within the framework of the FIDE. 5. Every member-federation shall be represented at the meetings by the delegate nominated by it in accord- In particular, its duties include: ance with paragraph I.1. The delegate may send a a) The dissemination and encouragement of chess deputy in his place to individual meetings who shall composition throughout the world. then assume the same rights and duties as the del- b) The formulation of rules and guide-lines in all egate Member himself. Delegates and deputies must spheres of chess composition. be either nationals of or habitually resident in the c) The arrangement of official international compos- nominating country. No one person may simultane- ing and solving tourneys. ously represent more than one country. d) The initiation of the publication of collections of general interest, etc. 6. The name of the deputy shall be notified to the Presi- e) The award of titles to especially deserving repre- dent at least three weeks before the start of the meet- sentatives of chess composition including solvers, ing. If any member-federation is quite unable to send subject to the approval of the FIDE. a delegate or a deputy, the President shall be informed without delay. 4. The Commission decides with a two-thirds majority on applications for admission submitted by chess 7. A quorum at any meeting shall consist of at least one- federations. It may also decide, by the same majority, third (1/3) of the member-federations listed in Annex I, that a chess federation shall be expelled. The more represented by the presence of Members. An altera- detailed conditions of admission and expulsion are tion of the Statutes is nevertheless only permissible laid down in Annex IV. with the presence of Members from at least half (1/2) §of the member-federations listed in Annex I. 5. The Commission has power by a simple resolution of the membership to appoint specially deserving retir- 8. The meetings shall, in principle, be held in public. ing Members to honorary membership for life. Honor- However, at the request of a Member, the Commis- ary Members enjoy all the rights of ordinary member- sion may at any time decide by voting whether the ship except for the right to vote and the rights to elect public shall be excluded from individual sessions. At or be elected. Similarly, the Commission can accord such closed sessions only Members, Honorary Presi- the title of Honorary President to a President on the dents, Honorary Members and the Secretary of the expiry of his term of office (Arnhem 1981). Commission may be present.

Statutes 7. § III. Officers of the Commission pervise the elections. One of the three should normally be the Secretary. No current delegate or deputy 1. The President is the head of the Commission. His task may be a member of this working party. shall be to call meetings of the Commission, to draw up the Agenda, to take the chair at sessions, to record 4. A delegate wishing to stand for election to the the minutes of the whole meeting, and to ensure that Praesidium shall give his name on paper to the work- the decisions of the Commission are put into effect. ing party by 22.00 on the day before the elections are to be held. The paper must show clearly the post or 2. The President is also responsible for all contact be- posts for which the delegate wishes to stand. tween the Commission and the President and the Gen- eral Secretariat of the FIDE. He represents the Com- 5. The working party shall display a list of the candi- mission in all external matters, and he is in particular dates for each post by 9.00 on the day of the elec- the Commission's representative at General Assem- tions. No additions shall then be made to this list, blies of the FIDE. except as provided for in para. 7 below. Withdrawals, however, will be permitted. 3. In cases where the President is unable to discharge the duties defined in paragraph III.2. above, he may 6. The election shall be held in a closed session of the delegate these duties to a Member of the Commis- Commission. One member of the working party (not sion. the Secretary) shall take the chair. Each post shall be dealt with separately, starting with the President and 4. The functions of the President given in paragraph continuing through the Vice-Presidents in order. The III.1. above shall in principle be discharged by him chairman shall read out the names of the candidates personally. Only in the event of an impediment may for the Presidency. At this point each of these candi- he delegate them to a Vice-President. dates may, if he so wishes, address the Commission for a maximum of 10 minutes. This may be followed by 5. To carry out his organisational duties, the President a discussion. The chairman shall then invite del- may avail himself of the help of his Secretary. The egates to record in secret their vote for one of these Secretary is entitled to take part in all sessions of the candidates, on paper provided for the purpose. Any Commission. candidate obtaining a majority of the votes cast shall be declared elected. Otherwise delegates will vote 6. To support and assist the president and to represent again between the two candidates gaining the most him in the event of a temporary impediment or at his votes in the first round. In the event of a tie in the special request, three(3) Vice-Presidents shall be second round, the chairman shall call a recess of not elected. If a President should die or resign during his more than 10 minutes, after which the vote shall be term of office, the 1st Vice-President shall take over all taken again. If the result is again a tie, the chairman his functions until the expiry of the term of office. In shall determine the outcome by selecting one of two the event of the 1st Vice-President's being unavail- folded slips of paper each bearing the name of one able the President's functions shall devolve on the candidate. 2nd Vice-President, and subsequently in to the 3rd Vice-President, and then finally on to the Member 7. Any candidate defeated in the vote for the Presi- most senior in service in the Commission. dency may now declare his candidature for any or all of the posts of Vice-President, if he has not already § IV. Election of Officers done so. The chairman shall read out the names of candidates for the post of 1st Vice-President. Any 1. Elections to the Praesidium shall be held at every candidate may address the Commission for not more fourth meeting of the Commission. Voting shall take than 10 minutes, provided he has not already spoken. place for all four posts in the same year. However, if a Praesidium post falls permanently vacant during the 8. In the event of a tie, the same procedure shall be term of office, a special election may be held for the adopted as for the Presidency. relevant post, if the commission deems this appropriate, but the candidate elected shall serve only for the 9. The posts of 2nd and 3rd Vice-President shall be dealt remainder of the original§ four-year period. with in exactly the same way, with previously defeated candidates being entitled to stand, and candi- 2. In an election year a special meeting of the Commis- dates having the same right to address the Commis- sion shall be arranged for the purpose of voting, not sion for a maximum of 10 minutes. later than the penultimate day of the Congress, and at no later than 21.00 on that day. 10. All the voting shall take place within the same session. 3. At the opening session of the Commission in an election year, the President shall nominate a working 11. The duties of the working party shall cease as soon as party of three persons from different countries to su- the new Praesidium has been elected in its entirety. Statutes 8. § V. Agenda at meetings 5. All spoken contributions by Member at meetings shall be made in one of the official FIDE languages. At 1. An Agenda shall be drawn up for every ordinary the request of a Member, the speeches shall as far as meeting of the Commission, and shall be communi- possible be translated by interpreters into other FIDE cated to all Members at least six (6) weeks before the languages. start of the meeting. § VIII. Sub-Committees 2. Each Agenda shall contain in particular the following items: 1. The Commission shall either decide immediately on a proposal under discussion or, if the nature and scope a) Verification of attendance and voting-rights. of the matter demand it, shall appoint a sub-committee b) Agreement of the minutes of the previous meet- of two to five (2-5) persons to deal with the matter ing. outside the sessions. c) Any elections which may fall due. d) Proposals by member-countries. 2. A sub-committee of this sort shall gather together for e) Announcement of place for the next meeting. the Commission all important facts for the clarification f) Any other business. of the matter in hand and the creation of a basis for a decision by the Commission. A sub-committee shall § VI. Proposals by Member-Countries report on its work within the appointed time, and may also put forward its own proposal(s). 1. Any proposals by member-countries to be dealt with on the Agenda in accordance with paragraph V.2d 3. The President has the right, without any specific deci- above must reach the President at least ten (10) weeks sion by the Commission, to work in all sub-commit- before the start of the meeting. Any proposals re- tees of this sort. ceived later, together with proposals made by Mem- bers during a session of the Commission, may be § IX. Standing Sub-Committees dealt with only under Any other Business paragraph V2f as far as the remaining programme for the meeting 1. For fields of work that require lengthy preparation permits. and activity above and beyond Commission meetings, the Commission is empowered to appoint stand- 2. However a Member has the right to propose that a ing sub-committees. matter seeming to him to be urgent shall be dealt with by the Commission out of turn. The Commission shall 2. The task of a sub-committee of this sort is to go into then immediately decide on this proposal by a the subject thoroughly and to present to the straight majority vote. Commision concrete results and proposals for the Commission to decide on. Each subcommittee shall § VII. Sessions for this purpose choose a spokesman from among its members, and convey his or her name to the Presi- 1. The sessions shall serve the discussion and consid- dent. eration of the items of the Agenda, along with the passing of resolutions by the Commission. The chair 3. After the fulfilment of its task or for other important shall be taken by the President himself or his repre- reasons sub-committees appointed in accordance sentative appointed in accordance with paragraph with paragraph VIII. or IX. may be wound up by a III.4. simple majority vote of the Commission.

2. Every Member is entitled to signify his desire to § X. Award of titles speak at any time during the meeting. The Chairman shall accord this right in the order in which he re- 1. It is a fundamental task of the Commission, in con- ceives the requests to speak. He also has the right to junction with the FIDE, to award for life the titles of: limit the time allowed to any speaker when several a) Grandmaster of the FIDE for Chess Compositions, have requested to speak. b) International Master of the FIDE for Chess Com- §positions, 3. The Chairman is also entitled to interrupt a session for c) FIDE Master for Chess Compositions (Bourne- good reason. mouth 1989), d) International Judge of the FIDE for Chess Com- 4. As soon as the Commission has decided on the termi- positions, nation of a discussion, only one further speaker each e) International Solving Grandmaster of the FIDE, for and against a motion may be allowed. Further re- f) International Solving Master of the FIDE, quests to speak shall be refused by the Chairman as g) FIDE Solving Master (Tel Aviv 1996), being too late. h) Honorary Master of Chess Composition (Fon-

Statutes 9. tenay sous Bois 1986). - § II 5, XI 1 (Turku 1995) - § X 1g (Tel Aviv 1996) 2. The Commission also decides by a two-thirds (2/3) - Annex III. (Tel Aviv 1996) majority on the conditions under which these titles - § III 6, § IV, Annex III. 1. h (Wageningen 2001) may be awarded. - Annex III 1.1,1.2,1.3,1.4 (Eretria 2005) - Annex III 1.3 (Wageningen 2006) 3. The Commission may also decide by a two-thirds (2/ 3) majority to introduce new titles and determine the necessary conditions. ANNEX I

4. A standing Qualifications Committee appointed in Re paragraph I. 1. accordance with paragraph IX. 1., consisting of five (5) Commission Members has to decide with simple Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia & majority, whether a candidate fulfils the qualifications Hercegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Repub- for one of the above mentioned titles. The committee lic, Denmark, Estonia, Former Yug. Republic of Mac- needs a quorum of four (4) persons for a valid deci- edonia, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Geor- sion. gia, Greece, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Mongolia, Netherlands, 5. Concerning the more detailed qualifications for the Poland, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia, acquisition of titles according to this paragraph, the Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Commission shall decide on a set of conditions, at- Ukraine, United States of America (39 members). tached to these Statutes as Annex III.

§ XI. Requirements for a majority ANNEX II

1. The Commission shall decide with a straight majority Presently no experts (paragraph I.2) are appointed. except in cases where the statutes expressly require a (Bonn 1992) two-thirds (2/3) majority.

2. The majority shall be determined from the respective ANNEX III number of Members present at and taking part in the voting. In all cases where a two-thirds (2/3) majority is re- Re paragraph X.5. quired abstention counts as a vote against. 1. For the award of FIDE-titles, the following conditions 3. The President's vote counts equal to that of the other must be fulfilled: Member. 1.1 TITLES FOR COMPOSERS § XII. Concluding clauses a) "Grandmaster of the FIDE for Chess Composi- 1. These Statutes came into force for the first time at the tions" meeting in Pula on 18.9.1972. In the present form in- A problem Composer must have at least 70 prob- corporating some additions and alterations they were lems in the FIDE Albums. For a study composer the re-confirmed at the meeting in Budapest on 26.8.1988 corresponding minimum number of studies required and came into force in this new version on 27.8.1988. in Albums is 42. (Tbilisi 1975)

2. These Statutes are published 1972 in their original b) "International Master of the FIDE for Chess form in the German language. The reconfirmed form Compositions" was published in the English language and has in this A problem composer must have at least 25 prob- form sole validity in cases of dispute. lems in the FIDE Albums. For a study composer the corresponding minimum number of studies required 3. Any alteration to these§ Statutes may only be carried in Albums is 15. (Tbilisi 1975) out if approved by a two-thirds (2/3) majority. c) "FIDE Master for Chess Compositions" 4. Further additions and alterations: A problem composer must have at least 12 prob- - § X 1c, Annex III 1c, 1f (Bournemouth 1989) lems in the FIDE Albums. For a study composer the - Annex I (Rotterdam 1991, Bonn 1992, Bratislava corresponding minimum number of studies required 1993, Belfort 1994, Turku 1995, Tel Aviv 1996, Pula in Albums is 8 (Bournemouth 1989). 1997) In counting the points, for the mentioned master - Annex III. 1.d (Rotterdam 1991) titles the value of a joint composition will be divided - Annex II (Bonn 1992) by the number of composers collaborating. If a com- Statutes 10. poser competes with problems as well as studies then ance rating of 2650. 1 study = 1 2/3 problems. Furthermore a general rating of 2600 is obligatory (Wageningen 2006) 1.2 TITLES FOR JUDGES b) "International Solving Master of the FIDE" "International Judge of the FIDE for Chess Compo- In order to obtain the title a solver must gain a sitions" norm twice at any tournament that fulfils certain crite- Only national chess federations, national associa- ria, defined by the Commission, achieving a minimum tions for chess compositions as well as the members performance rating of 2550. Furthermore a general of the Commission have the right to propose a mem- rating of 2500 is obligatory (Wageningen 2006). ber of their chess federation as a candidate for the title "International Judge". c) "FIDE Solving Master" The standing Qualifications Committee examines In order to obtain the title a solver must gain a the proposal in the Commission. The candidate has to norm twice at any tournament, that fulfils certain cri- fulfil the following qualifications: teria, defined by the Commission achieving a mini- a) First application for the title International mum performance rating of 2450. Furthermore a gen- Judge in one section: 6 awards among them at least 4 eral rating of 2400 is obligatory (Wageningen 2006). awards in the section applied for and among them two published abroad are needed. 1.4 HONORARY TITLES b) First application for the title International Judge in more than one section: 4 awards (among "Honorary Master of Chess Composition" them two published abroad) in one section which This title can be granted to problemists aged more must be signified as first section and 3 awards in each than 70 years, having great merits in problem chess, other section are needed. (This means that a candi- who did not succeed in getting one of the master titles date for 2 sections must present at least 7 awards and mentioned above (Fontenay sous Bois 1986, for 3 sections at least 10 awards). Wageningen 2001). c) Application for extension of the previously granted titles to other sections: 3 awards in each of 2. In all cases the President has to inform the General those sections. Secretariat of the FIDE in writing about title awards. The sections to apply for are: 2#, 3#, n#, s#, h#, At the same time he has to request the confirmation of fairies, endgames, retros and mathematics. these titles by the next General Assembly of the FIDE. All applications must be in written form. They should be addressed to the Spokesman of the Qualifi- cations Committee or to the President and must be ANNEX IV signed by the Chess federation, the national associa- tion for chess compositions or the delegate of the Basic requirements for the admission and expulsion of applying country. chess federations. (Rotterdam 1991). 1. A chess federation applying for admission must be a 1.3 TITLES FOR SOLVERS member of the FIDE.

Norms for titles can be gained at the World Chess 2. Visible activity in the composing and solving of Solving Championship (WCSC), at the European chess problems or studies must exist in the country in Chess Solving Championship (ECSC), at an WCCC- question. Open or any other tournament that fulfils the defined criteria. This Annex contains guide-lines only, how- 3. The application must be addressed in writing by the ever the Commission shall decide by a two-thirds (2/ chess federation to the President of the Commission. 3) majority on special descriptions for solver´s rating It must be accompanied by the undertaking that the and criteria for gaining norms and titles as well as on country in question will actively participate in the criteria for acceptability of the tournaments at which tasks and the pursuit of aims of the Commission. ratings and norms can be gained. These rules will be regarded as a part of§ the Statutes. (Wageningen 4. The delegate nominated by the chess federation 2006) (Paragraph I.1. of the statutes) must orally present his federation's application at an ordinary meeting of the a) "International Solving Grandmaster of the Commission (Paragraph II.1. of the statutes). Only FIDE" then may a decision on the application be reached. In order to obtain the title, a solver must gain a norm 3 times in any tournament that fulfils certain cri- 5. If a Member is entirely absent from three successive teria, defined by the Commission, but at least once at ordinary meetings of the Commission, the latter is en- the WCSC or ECSC, achieving a minimum perform- titled to decide, in ordinary session, to expel the chess

Statutes 11. federation which has nominated this member. The cultural basis. FIDE supports a close international chess federation in question must first have the op- cooperation of the chess devotees in all fields of portunity to make written representations on the mat- chess activity, thereby also aiming to improve ter. Provided that the due conditions are fulfilled, a friendly harmony among peoples. resumption of representation at a later ordinary meeting is permissible. 1.4.FIDE issues the rules of chess and the provisions pertaining to the organisation of the World Champi- 6. When a federation is admitted or expelled, the list in onships and all other FIDE chess competitions. It Annex I must be amended by decision of the Commis- awards the international chess titles. sion. 1.5.To facilitate the administrative work in FIDE, zones are created, if possible according to regional points of view. Each member-federation is assigned to a zone. ANNEX V

GENS UNA SUMUS The moral strength of FIDE is manifested by the disci- pline of its members.

STATUTES OF THE WORLD CHESS FEDERATION - FEDERATION INTERNATIONALE DES ECHECS (FIDE)

Approved on June 25, 1974; Amended on November 6, 1976, November 7, 8 and 10, 1978, December 3 and 6, 1980, July 29, 1981, November 10 and 15, 1982, October 5-8, 1983, November 28 to December 1, 1986, 7-9 August 1989, 30 November to 3 December 1990, 21-23 June 1992, 22-24 November 1993.

CHAPTER 1 - Status, principles and aims of FIDE

1.1 The World Chess Federation (Federation Inter- nationale des Echecs, referred to in the ensuing text as FIDE for short), is the international overall organization in the domain of chess, which was founded on July 20, 1924 in Paris. FIDE unites national chess federations and directs the chess world.

1.2 FIDE is concerned exclusively with chess activities. FIDE is democratically established and bases itself on the principles of equal rights of its members. It rejects discriminatory treatment for national, politi- cal, racial, social or religious reasons or on account of sex. § 1.3 Chess is one of the most ancient, intellectual and cultural games. It is a combination of a sport, of scientific thinking and of the elements of art. The purpose and aim of FIDE are therefore the diffu- sion and development of chess among all nations of the world, as well as the raising of the level of chess culture and knowledge on a scientific, creative and

Statutes 12. SOLVERS’ RATING

A rating is a numerical value which shows a solving is published twice a year. It is calculated on the basis of strength of a solver. A solver gains it by solving at two the results of solving tournaments completed (including approved / rated tournaments. the report) by the end of June and the end of December.

A rating can be gained at the WCSC, ECSC, WCCC- The PCCC gives authority to a person(s) or a commission Open, or other tournaments which fulfil definite criteria. responsible for calculating ratings according to the approved formulas. Ratings are calculated after each tournament. A rating list

Rules for rating calculation

The basis for calculating ratings at a solving tournament CorrPerfRat = AveRat + (PerfRat – AveRat) / is the average of ratings of all solvers with ratings (MaxPerfRat – AveRat) * (MaxRes * MaxRat / (AveRat) and the average of achieved results of those MaxCorrExpRes – AveRat) solvers (AveRes). CorrPerfRat = corrected performance rating AveRat = average rating of all solvers with ratings (sub- MaxRat = the highest solver’s rating tracting by 1600) MaxPerfRat = performance rating of the winner AveRes = average result of all solvers with ratings MaxCorrExpRes = the highest corrected expected result

A rating for a solver without a rating: A change of a rating (ChOfRat) is calculated from the difference between the expected result and the achieved It is calculated as a performance rating (PerfRat), i.e. a result upon the formula: temporary rating achieved by a solver at a tournament upon the formula: ChOfRat = KT × (Res - ExpRes) or in a case of correction: PerfRat = AveRat × Res / AveRes ChOfRat = KT × (Res - CorrExpRes)

Res = result of a solver achieved at a tournament KT = tournament coefficient (from 1 to 4)

Solver’s first rating is called half-rating. At his next tour- If the problems at the tournament are not given 5 points nament he gets another half-rating. The average of all each the KT is corrected upon the formula: half-ratings is calculated and put to the rating list. CorrKT = KT × 5 × N / AbsMaxRes Change of a rating for a solver with a rating: CorrKT = corrected tournament coefficient N = number of problems at the tournament The expected result (ExpRes) is calculated for all solvers AbsMaxRes = theoretical MaxRes at the tournament with ratings upon the formula: New rating is calculated upon the formula: ExpRes = AveRes × Rat / AveRat NewRat = Rat + ChOfRat Rat = rating of a solver from the last rating list If NewRat is negative it is corrected to zero. All calcula- The expected result might exceed 100% of the winner’s tions are made to the second decimal place. Ratings are result. In such case the corrections (CorrExpRes and published as integers. For publishing use the ratings are CorrPerfRat) are made upon the formulas: increased by 1600.

CorrExpRes = AveRes + (ExpRes - AveRes) × (MaxRes - After five years of non-participating at the rated tourna- AveRes) / ( MaxExpRes - AveRes) ments a solver is expelled from the rating (half-rating) list. For the further participation his original rating (but not CorrExpRes = corrected expected result (cannot exceed half-rating) is accepted. 100% of the winner’s result) MaxRes = result of the winner Ratings are calculated after each tournament. An up- MaxExpRes = the highest expected result before correc- dated rating list is published twice a year (at 1st January tion (higher than the winner’s result) and 1st July).

13. ANNEX

Tournament coefficient A frame for coefficients for tournaments organised according to the WCSC rules:

Coefficient Criteria for tournament 4.0 WCSC, ECSC 3.0 WCSC-type tournament for norms 2.5 participation at least 5 solvers with rating 2300 or higher 2.0 participation at least 5 solvers with rating 2200 or higher 1.5 participation at least 5 solvers with rating 2100 or higher 1.0 Others tournaments organised according to the WCSC rules

A frame for coefficients for tournaments organised according to others rules:

Coefficient Criteria for tournament 2.0 WCCC-Open 1.5 ISC, not-WCSC-type tournament for norms 1.0 Others tournaments

The representative (commission) has the right to confirm or not the acceptability of the tournament and determines the tournament coefficient.

This version of the rules was accepted at the PCCC Congress in Wageningen 2006.

Criteria for acceptability of the tournaments at which ratings and norms can be gained

At the tournament at least 10 solvers with ratings from at more than 3 problems. The tournament could be divided least 2 countries (15 from at least 3 countries for gaining into several rounds and/or days. If all problems are not norms) should compete. given the 5 points each the tournament coefficient is corrected for calculating ratings. When fairy problems are The selected problems should be originals or alterna- included at the tournament it is recommended that the tively unknown published problems. The selected prob- corresponding fairy conditions are announced at least lems should show a clear theme and a good level of qual- two months beforehand. This is obligatory for the WCCC ity and difficulty and should represent different styles. Open and it must be announced on the PCCC-site and on the WCCC organiser’s web-site if it exists. For tournaments organised according to the WCSC rules, the full coefficient may be used to calculate ratings. All tournament documentation (problems with solutions, complete list with the results and ratings, judge’s state- For other tournaments at most one half of the normal co- ment on the competition acceptability and possible com- efficient is used to calculate ratings. In those tourna- plaints, etc) should be sent to the responsible PCCC rep- ments there should be at least 12 problems of different resentative (commission) within 30 days after the end of types to solve. Problems for solving can be chosen from the competition. The representative (commission) has seven groups: twomovers, threemovers, moremovers, the right to confirm or not the acceptability of the tourna- endgames, helpmates, selfmates and fairy problems. At ment and determines the tournament coefficient. The fi- the tournament at least 5 groups with at least 2 problems nal decision is approved by the PCCC. must be represented. No group can be represented with

Criteria for gaining norms

Norms for the titles International Solving Grandmaster of A norm for the title of GM / IM / FM: the FIDE (GM), International Solving Master of the FIDE To obtain a norm a solver must achieve a minimum per- (IM), FIDE Solving Master (FM) can be gained if at least formance rating 2650 / 2550 / 2450. He must be placed 5 title holders with ratings GM 2550 / IM 2450 / FM 2350 within the number of solvers with the qualifying rating and other solvers with the obligatory qualifying rating - 2600 / 2500 / 2400 not counting his own rating (i.e. at least 2600 for GM / 2500 for IM / 2400 for FM altogether com- sixth place when there are six solvers with rating min. 2600 pete at the tournament. / 2500 / 2400, but at least fifth place if he is one of them).

14. Criteria for gaining titles

International Solving Grandmaster of the FIDE: A solver and achieve a rating 2400. must gain a norm 3 times (at least once at the WCSC or ECSC) and achieve a rating 2600. The obligatory rating may be achieved anytime (i.e. at any official rating list or as a current rating after a tourna- International Solving Master of the FIDE: A solver must ment). gain a norm twice and achieve a rating 2500. This version of the criteria was accepted at the PCCC FIDE Solving Master: A solver must gain a norm twice Congress in Wageningen 2006.

Rating list of solvers 1.7.2007

Rank Title Solver Country Rating Rank Title Solver Country Rating (surname, name) (surname, name) 1...... GM .Murdzia Piotr ...... POL 2851,48 48...... Villeneuve Alain ...... FRA 2418,47 2...... GM .Evseev Grigorij ...... RUS 2800,58 49...... Kupper Josef ...... SUI 2417,13 3...... GM .Nunn John...... GBR 2731,28 50...... IM ...Prentos Kostas ...... GRE 2414,06 4...... GM .Zude Arno ...... GER 2708,35 51...... IM ...Axt Hemmo ...... GER 2409,65 5...... GM .Soffer Ram ...... ISR 2691,67 52...... Satkus Vidmantas ...... LTU 2407,26 6...... GM .Elkies Noam ...... ISR 2684,83 53...... FM ..Pletnev Dmitrij ...... RUS 2401,01 FM-limit 7...... GM .Perkonoja Pauli...... FIN 2681,58 54...... IM ...Tanner Henry ...... FIN 2398,80 8...... GM .Paavilainen Jorma...... FIN 2674,35 55...... Bulavka Alexandr ...... BLR 2396,00 9...... GM .Mestel Jonathan ...... GBR 2668,02 56...... IM ...Kopyl Valerij ...... UKR 2390,83 10...... GM .Tummes Boris ...... GER 2640,29 57...... FM ..Uitenbroek Hans ...... NED 2388,23 11...... IM ...Mladenović Miodrag ...... SRB 2605,34 58...... FM ..Yamada Kohei...... JAP 2385,69 12...... GM .Comay Ofer...... ISR 2604,50 59...... FM ..Leontjev Alexandr ...... RUS 2381,03 GM-limit 13...... GM .Caillaud Michel ...... FRA 2604,15 60...... FM ..Širáň Ľubomír ...... SVK 2366,37 14...... GM .Wissmann Dolf ...... NED 2597,17 61...... Kozyrev Alexandr ...... RUS 2366,11 15...... GM .Kovačević Marjan ...... SRB 2596,06 62...... FM ..Stopa Jacek ...... POL 2365,70 16...... GM .Rumjancev Sergej...... RUS 2593,31 63...... Marlo (Jaatinen) Terho...... FIN 2365,06 17...... IM ...Salai Ladislav jr...... SVK 2588,69 64...... Gulke Volker...... GER 2363,55 18...... GM .Pfannkuche Michael ...... GER 2585,85 65...... FM ..Steinbrink Axel ...... GER 2363,35 19...... FM ..Crisan Vlaicu ...... ROM 2548,70 66...... FM ..McDowell Michael ...... GBR 2363,28 20...... IM ...Wakashima Tadashi ...... JAP 2547,11 67...... IM ...Maeder Thomas ...... SUI 2356,01 21...... FM ..Vučković Bojan ...... SRB 2533,16 68...... Almamedov Araz ...... AZB 2355,83 22...... IM ...Dragoun Michal ...... CZE 2530,65 69...... FM ..Szczep Zbigniew ...... POL 2353,45 23...... IM ...van Beers Eddy ...... BEL 2529,14 70...... Borodavkin Sergej ...... UKR 2349,74 24...... GM .Baier Roland ...... SUI 2528,66 71...... Richter Frank ...... GER 2346,67 25...... IM ...Podinic Vladimir ...... SRB 2522,85 72...... Larin Rudolf ...... RUS 2345,91 26...... FM ..Mukoseev Anatolij ...... RUS 2520,61 73...... FM ..Klemanic Emil ...... SVK 2344,16 IM-limit 27...... IM ...Erenburg Mark ...... ISR 2503,06 74...... FM ..Blochin Vladimir ...... RUS 2344,10 28...... GM .Velimirović Milan ...... SRB 2499,32 75...... Solovchuk Alexej ...... UKR 2338,76 29...... IM ...Rotenberg Jacques ...... ISR 2495,69 76...... FM ..Pervakov Oleg ...... RUS 2338,16 30...... IM ...van den Heuvel Peter ...... NED 2492,30 77...... Delander Adolf ...... GER 2334,63 31...... IM ...Hurme Harri ...... FIN 2484,54 78...... Pernaric Josip ...... CRO 2329,69 32...... IM ...Azhusin Alexandr ...... RUS 2482,73 79...... FM ..Lipovskij Vladimir ...... RUS 2329,57 33...... IM ...Piliczewski Bogusz ...... POL 2482,16 80...... Djachuk Vasyl ...... UKR 2317,10 34...... IM ...Selivanov Andrej ...... RUS 2463,37 81...... Janevski Živko ...... MAC 2314,05 35...... FM ..Karhunen Kari ...... FIN 2462,81 82...... Czeremin Claus ...... GER 2312,47 36...... IM ...Huber Eric ...... ROM 2461,49 83...... Borst Dirk ...... NED 2309,15 37...... FM ..Gurgenidze David ...... GEO 2439,40 84...... Morvay Miklós ...... HUN 2303,69 38...... GM .Lee Graham...... GBR 2439,13 85...... FM ..Afek Yochanan ...... ISR 2301,90 39...... IM ...Friedgood David ...... GBR 2438,20 86...... Mihalčo Oto ...... SVK 2301,26 40...... FM ..Feoktistov Alexander ...... RUS 2435,54 87...... Papastavropoulos Andreas ..... GRE 2300,12 41...... FM ..Ukmar Mitja ...... SLO 2427,79 88...... FM ..Gvozdják Peter ...... SVK 2299,64 42...... Voráček Miroslav ...... CZE 2426,79 89...... FM ..Klasinc Marko ...... SLO 2299,25 43...... FM ..Kolčák Marek ...... SVK 2425,00 90...... FM ..Schafer Ronald ...... GER 2292,66 44...... FM ..Lebedev Alexej ...... RUS 2424,84 91...... Abdurahmanović Fadil ...... BIH 2290,80 45...... IM ...Pogorelov Vladimir ...... UKR 2424,43 92...... Gershinskij Michail ...... UKR 2289,16 46...... Vanka Miloslav...... CZE 2421,84 93...... FM ..Semenenko Valerij ...... UKR 2288,22 47...... FM ..McNab Colin ...... GBR 2419,13 94...... FM ..Norri Joose ...... FIN 2286,67

15. Rank Title Solver Country Rating Rank Title Solver Country Rating (surname, name) (surname, name) 95...... Costeff Gady ...... ISR 2282,56 160...... Banaszek Marcin ...... GER 2149,45 96...... Watson Ian ...... GBR 2282,47 161...... Jeliazkov Kiril ...... BLG 2148,86 97...... Stepak Yedael ...... ISR 2281,72 162...... Prcic Mike ...... BIH 2146,40 98...... Gabeskiria Mikheel ...... GEO 2281,18 163...... le Grand Piet ...... NED 2145,11 99...... Djurašević Branislav...... SRB 2280,84 164...... Paliulionis Viktoras ...... LTU 2143,98 100...... Kochli Klaus ...... SUI 2280,52 165...... Gadjanski Borislav ...... SRB 2141,34 101...... Ahmels Christian ...... GER 2280,09 166...... Simić Milan ...... SRB 2126,31 102...... Predrag Nikola ...... CRO 2277,49 167...... Bunka Vladislav ...... CZE 2124,86 103...... FM .. Gusev Boris + ...... RUS 2277,19 168...... Milanović Mihajlo ...... SRB 2123,99 104...... Ravins Modris ...... LAT 2272,77 169...... Kikuta Yuji ...... JAP 2123,53 105...... FM .. Radović Srečko...... SRB 2272,25 170...... Fougiaxis Harry ...... GRE 2123,41 106...... Le Grand Henk ...... NED 2271,73 171...... Beuster Michael ...... GER 2122,12 107...... Aloni Yoel...... ISR 2270,56 172...... Chocenka Dmitrijus ...... LTU 2118,45 108...... Markovcij Vasyl ...... UKR 2261,24 173...... Quah James ...... SIN 2117,92 109...... Einat Paz ...... ISR 2260,34 174...... Gavrilovski Zoran ...... MAC 2116,40 110...... Mendrinos Nikos ...... GRE 2257,53 175...... Sööt Margus ...... EST 2114,47 111...... Vaulin Evgenij ...... RUS 2255,71 176...... Satkus Vilimantas ...... LTU 2111,49 112...... Paradzinskij Oleg ...... UKR 2254,56 177...... Skoba Ivan ...... CZE 2110,46 113...... FM .. Krivenko Valerij ...... UKR 2251,73 178...... Alexandrov Dmitry ...... RUS 2109,75 114...... Zoltán László ...... HUN 2249,88 179...... Sihnievich Mikalai ...... BLR 2109,24 115...... FM .. de Boer Johann...... NED 2249,13 180...... Parchomenko Nikolaj ...... UKR 2109,09 116...... Cebanov Nikolai ...... MLD 2244,77 181...... Nievergelt Andreas ...... SUI 2108,74 117...... Bender Ivan ...... CRO 2232,06 182...... Zajic Helmut ...... AUT 2107,27 118...... Minkin Michael ...... RUS 2231,83 183...... Ooms Andy ...... BEL 2106,83 119...... Sivić Klemen...... SLO 2230,79 184...... Labai Zoltán ...... SVK 2104,85 120...... Hoffmann Martin ...... SUI 2227,99 185...... Cumbers Paul ...... GBR 2103,28 121...... Beugelsdijk Ruud ...... NED 2221,63 186...... Khramtsevich Michail ...... BLR 2102,25 122...... Rothwell Stephen ...... GER 2221,01 187...... Vokál Stanislav ...... SVK 2101,35 123.-124...... Spirić Igor ...... SRB 2213,19 188...... Parzuch Stefan ...... POL 2099,84 123.-124...... Rein Andreas ...... GER 2213,19 189...... Miletić Dean ...... SRB 2097,94 125...... Chandurin Anatolij ...... UKR 2212,20 190...... Jakunin Nikolaj ...... RUS 2096,25 126...... Petrov Andrej ...... RUS 2206,24 191...... Stawarz Pavel ...... POL 2095,55 127...... Viktorov Evgenij ...... RUS 2205,87 192...... Evstigneev Roman ...... UKR 2095,32 128...... Lörinc Juraj ...... SVK 2204,36 193...... Malyshkin Jurij ...... RUS 2094,86 129...... Masimov Agshin ...... AZB 2203,82 194...... Ugren Ljubomir ...... SLO 2094,80 130...... Krolikowski Ryszard...... POL 2200,63 195...... Piorun Kacper ...... POL 2094,58 131...... Melnichenko Viktor ...... UKR 2199,92 196...... Gordian Jurij ...... UKR 2091,13 132...... Mikholap Alexandr ...... BLR 2199,38 197...... Svrček Milan...... SVK 2090,29 133...... Gorski Piotr ...... POL 2198,12 198...... Messing Hrvoje ...... CRO 2088,50 134...... Stanković Hamza ...... BIH 2190,99 199...... Retter Yosi ...... ISR 2085,67 135...... Gottstein Claudius ...... GER 2188,30 200...... Petri Peter ...... BEL 2085,16 136...... Weemaes Ronny ...... BEL 2188,27 201...... Ostruh Boris ...... SLO 2084,97 137...... Maximenko Igor ...... UKR 2187,87 202...... Schenkerik Csaba ...... HUN 2083,19 138...... Bakker Peter ...... NED 2186,01 203...... Kaufhold Thomas ...... GER 2082,05 139...... Zajcev Viktor ...... BLR 2185,96 204...... Walther Thomas ...... GER 2081,83 140...... Wassong Pascal ...... FRA 2185,05 205...... Henrych Miroslav ...... CZE 2077,85 141...... Molnár Jószef ...... HUN 2182,17 206...... Postnikov Alexandr ...... UKR 2073,42 142...... Libiš Zdeněk ...... CZE 2180,77 207...... Sibinović Zoran ...... SRB 2072,64 143...... Sabol František ...... CZE 2179,30 208...... Rjabcev Vladimir ...... UKR 2070,24 144...... Valois Paul ...... GBR 2179,12 209...... De Heer Jost ...... NED 2068,04 145...... Karamanits Anatolij ...... UKR 2177,95 210...... Bamford Andrew ...... GBR 2065,74 146...... Degenkolbe Mirko ...... GER 2175,77 211...... Petković Nikola ...... SRB 2065,27 147...... Limontas Martynas ...... LTU 2173,59 212...... Kosiorek Marek ...... POL 2064,34 148...... Semenenko Alexander ...... UKR 2173,34 213...... Lucenti Giorgio ...... ITA 2064,29 149...... Todorović Goran ...... SRB 2172,74 214...... Gemmell John ...... GBR 2059,51 150...... Moravčik Bohumil ...... SVK 2169,57 215...... Horstmann Bernd ...... GER 2057,99 151...... Galiantsshpigel Lev ...... ISR 2169,10 216...... Johnston Dafydd ...... GBR 2057,37 152...... FM .. Neef Wilfried ...... GER 2165,52 217...... Clark Bill ...... GBR 2056,01 153...... Nicula Dinu-Ioan ...... ROM 2161,13 218...... Bartosh Vladimir ...... BLR 2052,37 154...... Gazarek Danko ...... CRO 2156,58 219...... Gurr Lyndon ...... GBR 2050,88 155...... Karabanov Andrej ...... UKR 2154,48 220...... Basistyj Mark ...... UKR 2048,89 156...... Versmissen Koen ...... NED 2152,37 221...... Siwik Rafal ...... POL 2046,70 157...... Radomirović Miodrag ...... SRB 2151,17 222...... Kostouros Alexis ...... GRE 2046,66 158...... Manolescu Mircea +...... ROM 2151,05 223...... Petras Milan ...... CZE 2044,60 159...... Van Herck Marcel ...... BEL 2149,84 224...... Muth Josef ...... GER 2042,33

Solvers rating 16. Rank Title Solver Country Rating Rank Title Solver Country Rating (surname, name) (surname, name) 225...... Rosolak Wladyslaw + ...... POL 2041,96 290...... Sobrecases Guy ...... FRA 1921,98 226...... Kolesnik Nikolaj ...... UKR 2034,96 291...... Garoufalidis Ioannis ...... GRE 1921,85 227...... Ranković Srdan ...... SRB 2032,45 292...... Glišić Dejan ...... CRO 1919,08 228...... Seeck Klaus...... GER 2031,30 293...... Rimkus Miečislovas ...... LTU 1918,87 229...... Beije Johan ...... NED 2031,13 294...... Starčević Kresimir ...... CRO 1915,37 230...... Uta Matei ...... ROM 2030,89 295...... Skyrianoglou Dimitris ...... GRE 1915,10 231...... Hernitz Zvonimir ...... CRO 2027,64 296...... Privrediev Anatolij ...... AZB 1914,70 232...... Orton Stephen ...... GBR 2027,56 297...... Piven Nikolaj ...... UKR 1910,23 233...... Knjazev Alexej ...... UKR 2026,41 298...... Taylor Stephen ...... GBR 1910,15 234...... Schmidt Peter ...... GER 2024,97 299...... Przedmojski Rafal...... POL 1908,06 235...... Denkovski Ivan...... MAC 2024,92 300...... Miljanić Mirko ...... SRB 1905,22 236...... Szymanski Marcin ...... POL 2024,11 301...... Van Namen Ton ...... NED 1904,93 237...... Fedchenko Vladimir ...... UKR 2019,49 302...... Müller Winus ...... GER 1900,38 238...... Stephenson Brian ...... GBR 2018,74 303...... Kirzenstein Adam ...... POL 1899,13 239...... Harkola Hannu ...... FIN 2015,49 304...... Gluszko Krzystof ...... POL 1898,66 240...... Sluzhilov A...... RUS 2015,41 305...... Vandemeulebroucke Mark ..... BEL 1898,30 241...... Lebouil Jean-Louis ...... FRA 2013,36 306...... Thoma Andreas ...... GER 1897,76 242...... Bieganowski Roman ...... POL 2011,88 307...... Ejlazjan Eduard ...... UKR 1897,60 243...... Soskic Bozidar ...... SRB 2011,19 308...... Vandemeulebroucke I...... BEL 1897,07 244...... Gorbunov Valerij ...... UKR 2010,51 309...... Burda Josef ...... CZE 1896,86 245...... Kameník Pavel ...... CZE 2009,30 310...... Anemodouras Leokratis ...... GRE 1895,52 246...... Wysockij Michal ...... POL 2006,03 311...... Snížek Květoslav ...... CZE 1889,22 247...... Skrzek Janusz ...... POL 2005,64 312...... Penrose Oliver...... GBR 1883,16 248...... Konidaris Panagiotis ...... GRE 2003,35 313...... Yanami Hitoshi ...... JAP 1882,06 249...... Steponavicius Stasys...... LTU 2000,30 314...... Montaruli Roberto...... ITA 1880,04 250...... Gabeskiria Amirian ...... GEO 1996,98 315...... w ....Rybak-Murdzia Agnieszka ..... POL 1876,82 251...... Fomichev Evgenij ...... RUS 1996,47 316...... Capron Daniel ...... FRA 1874,23 252...... Kayser Ami ...... ISR 1995,00 317...... Makhatadze Dzhemal ...... GEO 1872,08 253...... Volkov Leonid ...... UKR 1990,83 318...... Ralík Oliver ...... SVK 1868,33 254...... Belokon Jurij ...... UKR 1990,74 319...... Coward John R ...... GBR 1867,92 255...... Gurov Valerij ...... RUS 1990,07 320...... Abubekerov Oleg ...... RUS 1867,16 256...... Syväniemi Janne ...... FIN 1988,40 321...... Speer Dominik ...... GER 1864,23 257...... Palmans Luc ...... BEL 1986,06 322...... Ketris Ilja ...... LAT 1863,77 258...... de Vos Nils ...... BEL 1983,64 323...... Lehmann Tadeusz ...... POL 1862,04 259...... Ursta Lubomir ...... CZE 1982,51 324...... Smolen Ján ...... SVK 1858,19 260...... Zhezhurin Bogdan...... UKR 1979,09 325...... Chizhikov Vladislav ...... RUS 1850,02 261...... Jelínek Jiří ...... CZE 1974,82 326...... Ljubchenko Vladimir ...... UKR 1839,92 262...... Volchek Viktor ...... BLR 1973,26 327...... Dewhurst Ken ...... GBR 1839,43 263...... Sklavounos Panagis ...... GRE 1972,38 328...... Clarke Peter C ...... GBR 1838,91 264...... Dupin Jacques ...... FRA 1971,79 329...... Rmus Anto ...... SRB 1838,55 265...... Bubanja Bojan ...... MNE 1971,14 330...... Guca Krzystof ...... POL 1835,20 266...... Brjuchanov Ivan ...... UKR 1969,55 331...... Sitar Darko ...... SLO 1834,26 267...... Damjanović Mato ...... CRO 1968,17 332...... Földesi Marek ...... SVK 1831,31 268...... Ilandzis Spyridon ...... GRE 1967,55 333...... Krohmalnik Andrei ...... ISR 1830,38 269...... Kurilenko Vladimir ...... UKR 1964,43 334...... Perfilov Viktor ...... RUS 1829,12 270...... Dobiáš Richard ...... SVK 1959,48 335...... Radchenko Alexandr ...... RUS 1825,45 271...... Clarke Peter H ...... GBR 1958,68 336...... Grewatt Jim ...... GBR 1823,75 272...... Vinogradov Alexej ...... RUS 1955,18 337...... Trifunović Bogoljub ...... SRB 1820,29 273...... Raican Paul ...... ROM 1953,66 338...... Chovan Olexandr ...... UKR 1819,99 274...... Chervonjuk Jurij ...... UKR 1953,65 339.-340...... Lantta Tommi ...... FIN 1816,22 275...... Lawrence John ...... GBR 1953,56 339.-340...... Besancon Remy ...... FRA 1816,22 276...... Blackstock Les ...... GBR 1953,21 341...... Marszalek Maciej ...... POL 1814,34 277...... Sutherland Neil A ...... GBR 1952,72 342...... Luch Michal ...... POL 1811,34 278...... Kozhokar Vjacheslav ...... MLD 1952,56 343...... Nguyen Piotr...... POL 1809,08 279...... Gajevskis Antons ...... LAT 1947,32 344...... w ....Szewczak Anna ...... POL 1804,92 280...... Kasár Miroslav ...... SVK 1945,59 345...... Fica Alexander ...... CZE 1803,71 281...... Vink Wim ...... NED 1940,48 346...... Temes Chaim ...... ISR 1801,38 282...... Ivanov Albert ...... MLD 1937,98 347...... Griwa Nikolaj ...... UKR 1795,48 283...... Paronen Petteri...... FIN 1935,97 348...... Vlček Dalibor ...... CZE 1793,30 284...... Emmerson Stephen ...... GBR 1934,54 349...... Roycroft John ...... GBR 1789,52 285...... Kwiatkowski Andrzej ...... POL 1929,42 350...... Van der Heijden Harold ...... NED 1785,96 286...... Riguet Laurent...... FRA 1928,84 351...... Sieberg Rolf ...... GER 1785,78 287...... Jasik Andrzej ...... POL 1927,61 352...... Bonavoglia Marco ...... ITA 1780,86 288...... Reytsen Yevgeny ...... UKR 1926,85 353...... Solochin Sergej ...... RUS 1780,22 289...... Beckers Jurgen...... BEL 1926,42 354...... Belov Alexandr...... UKR 1775,36

Solvers rating 17. Rank Title Solver Country Rating Rank Title Solver Country Rating (surname, name) (surname, name) 355...... Kalinins Andrej ...... LAT 1773,16 397...... Cushko Vladimir ...... UKR 1666,94 356...... Van Espen Eddy ...... BEL 1771,82 398...... Olijnyk Nikolaj ...... UKR 1665,39 357...... Franks Joe ...... GBR 1770,22 399...... Pozdnak Oleg ...... UKR 1664,13 358...... Smith Graham ...... GBR 1768,28 400...... Vermeulen Danny ...... BEL 1663,63 359...... Novomeský Daniel ...... SVK 1765,04 401...... Granauskis Stasis ...... LAT 1662,69 360...... Vasilenko Anatoly ...... UKR 1764,21 402...... Kyšela Štefan ...... SVK 1659,87 361...... Berger Harm ...... NED 1762,81 403...... Hitin Zeev ...... ISR 1656,62 362...... van Oosterhout Ton ...... NED 1760,38 404...... Aunver Indrek ...... EST 1655,54 363...... Alexandrou Anastasios ...... GRE 1759,77 405...... Strasman Nery...... ISR 1650,97 364...... Perković Josip ...... BIH 1759,40 406...... de Herdt Robert ...... BEL 1649,34 365...... Srol Pavel ...... CZE 1759,18 407...... Ogbeide Gerhardt ...... GBR 1647,30 366...... Argirakopoulos Themist...... GRE 1757,95 408...... Baete Guy...... BEL 1645,85 367...... Pribula Nandor ...... HUN 1750,70 409...... Hill Mike ...... GBR 1644,98 368...... Provalskij Sergej ...... UKR 1749,62 410...... Skowron Jaroslaw + ...... POL 1644,59 369...... Szewczak Andrzej ...... POL 1742,96 411...... Zadro Boris ...... CRO 1644,43 370...... Thwaites Quentin ...... GBR 1740,97 412...... Zujkov Vladimir ...... UKR 1643,39 371...... Petrauskas Steponas...... LTU 1732,15 413...... Enemark Bjørn ...... DEN 1641,47 372...... w ....Zych Kinga ...... POL 1731,80 414...... Verheyden Jonas ...... BEL 1639,48 373...... Craig Joe ...... GBR 1731,24 415...... Karijo Borivoje ...... SRB 1638,12 374...... Koludrović Branko ...... CRO 1729,79 416...... Summers Alastair ...... GBR 1633,49 375...... Tucakov Joza ...... SRB 1728,19 417...... Mikitenko Nikolaj ...... UKR 1630,28 376...... Nastran Janez ...... SLO 1723,35 418...... Skobcov Boris ...... UKR 1628,22 377...... Stojanović Sasa ...... SRB 1721,17 419...... Kellner Sylvain ...... BEL 1627,08 378...... Gudelionis Vytautas ...... LTU 1716,48 420...... Bobisud František ...... CZE 1617,71 379...... Gorodiskij Oleg ...... UKR 1714,10 421...... Ocokoljić Zoran ...... SRB 1616,71 380...... Stojnić Dragan ...... SRB 1713,44 422.-423...... Stecenko Boris ...... UKR 1613,23 381...... Andrusenko Pavel ...... UKR 1703,68 422.-423...... Majstrenko Vitalij ...... UKR 1613,23 382...... Křivánek Vladimír ...... CZE 1692,17 424...... Djokić Dragoljub ...... SRB 1611,22 383...... Bokan Stevan ...... SRB 1689,07 425...... Wozniak Tadeusz ...... POL 1609,72 384...... w ....Vitová Jana ...... CZE 1688,79 426...... Jacob Sydney ...... GBR 1603,60 385...... Mitsakis Kostats ...... GRE 1687,44 427...... Staessens Giovanni ...... BEL 1603,20 386...... w ....Kopylova Valeria ...... UKR 1687,37 428...... Dubina Andrej ...... UKR 1602,65 387...... w ....Duca Delia Monica ...... ROM 1679,30 429...... De Meyer David ...... BEL 1602,59 388...... Zlatarov Vladimir ...... SRB 1678,85 430.-437. . w ....Kohoutová Martina ...... CZE 1600,00 389...... Zujkov Oleg ...... UKR 1675,94 430.-437...... Witdoeck Luc ...... BEL 1600,00 390.-392...... Binyaminy Binyammin ...... ISR 1673,12 430.-437...... Šulc Jan ...... CZE 1600,00 390.-392...... Bellini Stefano ...... ITA 1673,12 430.-437...... Gluszko Monika ...... POL 1600,00 390.-392. . w ....Popović Mladenka ...... SRB 1673,12 430.-437...... Kruzinski Lukasz ...... POL 1600,00 393...... w ....Warakomska Anna ...... POL 1671,46 430.-437...... Zalewski Daniel ...... POL 1600,00 394...... Kanivec Sergej ...... UKR 1670,40 430.-437...... van Hentenryck Alain ...... BEL 1600,00 395...... Černohous Josef ...... CZE 1668,28 430.-437...... Yeremenko Georgij ...... UKR 1600,00 396...... Barej Stanislav ...... SVK 1667,27

Solvers rating 18. Rules for the World Championship in Solving of Chess Problems (WCSC)

1.1. The WCSC is a competition for national teams and 1.2. It consists of 6 rounds over two days, with 3 rounds individual solvers. each day according to the following table: Round 1: 3 twomovers 20 minutes solving time Round 2: 3 threemovers 60 minutes solving time Round 3: 3 endgames 100 minutes solving time Round 4: 3 helpmates (h#2, h#3, h# > 3) 50 minutes solving time Round 5: 3 moremovers (at least one 4# and one 5#) 80 minutes solving time Round 6: 3 selfmates (s#2, s#3, s# > 3) 50 minutes solving time

Round 4 and Round 6 may be exchanged. en’s championship juniors / women from the regu- The break between each round is at least 15 minutes. lar national quota compete as well.

2.1. The WCSC is organised by a country which is a 4.4. A country not participating with a team may send member of the FIDE and has been appointed by the one person for the individual championship. PCCC. 4.5. The three best solvers of a WCSC are entitled to 2.2. All members of the FIDE are entitled to enter one participate in the following WCSC (individual) in- team. The organising country has a right to com- dependently of their qualification for the team and pete with two teams. even if not among the four solvers as defined above. 2.3. The WCSC is an official team world championship if teams of at least 7 different countries participate. 5.1. A country must notify the organiser of its intention It is an official individual world championship if at to participate not later than three months before least 30 solvers from at least 10 countries partici- the tournament; unless in the organiser’s an- pate. For juniors (up to 23 years) and women re- nouncement a later date is given. quired numbers are 10 solvers from 7 different countries. 5.2. The rules for the eligibility of participating solvers (whether team members or individual nominees) 3.1. The organising country nominates the Director of shall be the same as for FIDE over-the-board- the WCSC, if possible, before the announcement events. of the tournament. It is recommended that the Di- rector should have a title FIDE Solving Judge or he 5.3. Each country must notify the names of all solvers should have experiences as a director / judge of at participating on its behalf in writing to the PCCC least two rated solving tournaments. (or the person nominated for this purpose by the WCSCPCCC) not less than 24 hours before the tourna- 3.2. If the Director does not belong to the organising ment starts. If required the notification must in- country, that country has to nominate an Assist- clude all documents according to the FIDE rules for ant Director to represent the Director in case he is establishing the eligibility of the participants. unable to attend the WCSC. 5.4. The PCCC (or the person so nominated) is respon- 3.3. The Director is responsible for the selection of the sible for determining the eligibility of participants. problems to be solved. He makes the diagram cop- ies for the tournament. It is his job to ensure that 5.5. Other teams and/or solvers may be admitted at a the solvers do not know the problems. later time with the discretion of the PCCC.

4.1. The teams usually consist of three solvers and the 6.1. The problems to be solved should be originals, or, team-leader who may be one of the solvers. Teams alternatively, little known published problems. consisting of only two solvers are also permitted. The members of the teams simultaneously compete 6.2. The selected problems should show a clear theme in the individual championship. and a good level of quality and difficulty. It is recommended that in every round, the three problems 4.2. A country participating with a team (organising should represent different styles. country with two teams) is allowed to nominate one further solver for the individual championship. 6.3. Fairy conditions and retro problems are not allowed. The positions should be legal. All problems 4.3. A country may nominate one extra junior and/or should have only one solution, except in the help- woman out of this quota. For the junior’s / wom- mate round when more single solutions are espe-

19. cially indicated. The problems should be computer the distribution of points should be indicated on tested as far as possible. the solving sheet.

7.1. The problems to be solved must be presented on 9.5. If a problem has no solution, 0 points are awarded printed diagrams. for this problem and all solvers get the full time score in this round. 7.2. The solver may use the chess board(s) and men made available by the organiser, or his own set(s). 9.6. Retro problems and problems with fairy conditions The use of all electronic or technological aids (see 6.3.) are treated like problems with no solution. which can help in solving is forbidden. A problem with an illegal position is treated like one with a legal position. 7.3. The solver must write the solutions only on the sheet provided by the Director. 9.7. If a move is written incorrectly, unclearly or am- biguously, this variation or single solution is re- 8. The solutions are to be written in the following garded as incorrect. If, however, the Director (or way: the jury, pt 13.5) is absolutely sure that the correct a) in direct mate problems: all moves in all varia- move was intended, this variation or single solutions of full length which defend the threat, tion must be regarded as correct. including the threat if it is of full length, except the last move of Black and the mating move 10.1. During the solving a solver may leave the solving (i.e. in twomovers only the key; in three- room only with a permission of the Director and movers all three move variations, including accompanied by a controller. the full length threat, up to the second white move, etc.); 10.2. When a solver hands over the solving sheet a con- b) in selfmate problems: all moves except the troller immediately writes the elapsed time on the mating move in all variations of full length solver’s solving sheet. Elapsed time is rounded up which defend the threat, including the threat in minutes (i.e. when the last minute starts solvers if it is of full length. get full time). After handing the solving sheet, the solver has no right to make any change to the solu- If a threat doesn’t exist or a threat of full length is tions. He should leave the room and may not return not written all variations of full length are to be until the round is ended. given. 10.3. The Director announces 10 minutes left and the last c) in helpmate problems: all moves; minute in each round. After the announcement of d) in endgames: all moves up to an obvious win the last minute all solvers remain sitting to the end or draw. of the round. When the end is declared they stop writing and wait until the controllers collect all the 9.1.WCSC In helpmate(s) for which more than one single solu- solving sheets. tion is indicated the solver has to give all requested single solutions for a complete solution. In all other 11.1. For the team result in each round, the score of the problems and endgames only one solution is to be two best solvers of a team for this round is taken in given. consideration. The points of all rounds will be totalled, as well as the respective solving time (in 9.2. If a solver believes he has found a cook, he may minutes). give it instead of the solution. In this case, he has to give the complete moves of the cook according 11.2. For the individual score, the points a solver to point 8. The correct and complete solution or achieves in the different rounds will be totalled, as cook of a problem scores 5 points. well as the solving time.

9.3. An incomplete solution scores fewer points. Incor- 11.3. A solver with 0 points in a round scores the full rect or incomplete variations or single solutions time for this round. score 0 points. If more than the required number of solutions for a particular problem is written, it is 11.4. The number of points determines the ranking. In enough that one of the solutions is incorrect for the event of a tie on points, the solver or team with the solver to score 0 (zero) points for this problem. the shorter total solving time will be ranked higher.

9.4. The Director must determine the distribution of 12.1. Participants must be informed of the official solu- points for a solution (i.e. for different variations, tions of a round immediately after the end of that moves or single solutions) before the tournament round. The results of the rounds must be an- starts. For a helpmate(s) with more single solutions nounced in written form as soon as possible.

20. 12.2. If a problem has proved to be incorrect (cooks, du- 13.5. Such objections shall be dealt with by a jury con- als, no solution) this must be announced as soon sisting of the Director and two neutral persons as possible including the respective distribution of nominated by the PCCC in consultation with the points. team-leaders affected. The majority decision of the jury (in written form with the argumentation) is fi- 13.1. The Director has to publish his reports daily be- nal. tween 8 am and 10 pm. Report after 10 pm is treated like at 8am (on the following day). He should an- 14. These Rules should be published on the official nounce in advance when the report is to be pub- announcement board at least 24 hours before the lished. start of the first round.

13.2. Protests against any announcement must reach the Director in written form not later than two hours This version of the Rules was accepted at the PCCC after this announcement. He is allowed to accept Congress in Wageningen 2006 protests out of time. If the Director cannot be found, a protest remark is to be made at the announcement board. Protests have to be given by Recommendations of the PCCC: the team-leaders or by an individual solver according to pt 4.2. and 4.3. Juniors (under 20), seniors (above 60) and/or women may participate unofficially what depends on the organizers of 13.3. The Director’s task is to deal with such protests the event whether they offer a separate section for them. and to settle disputes. His decision with the argu- (Wageningen 2001) mentation is to be done in written form. He has to secure that a solution given by a solver only can be Studies with just one line and a clear conclusion are seen by this solver himself, or by the leader or preferable. (Moscow 2003) other members of his team. Helpmates: Multiple solutions are preferable to twins. 13.4. Objections to any decision by the Director must be Some thematic relationship between the single solutions, made in writing and must reach the Director within and a reasonable number of single solutions altogether in two hours of the announcement of the decision. a round (max. seven), are recommended. (Halkidiki 2004)

Rules for the European Championship in Solving of Chess Problems (ECSC)

1.1. The ECSC is an independent competition for na- 1.2. It consists of 6 rounds over two days, with 3 tional teams and individual solvers as well for jun- rounds each day according to the following table: iors and women. Round 1: 3 twomovers 20 minutes solving time Round 1: 3 twomovers 20 minutes solving time Round 2: 3 threemovers 60 minutes solving time Round 3: 3 endgames 100 minutes solving time Round 4: 3 helpmates (h#2, h#3, h# > 3) 50 minutes solving time Round 5: 3 moremovers (at least one 4# and one 5#) 80 minutes solving time Round 6: 3 selfmates (s#2, s#3, s# > 3) 50 minutes solving time

Round 4 and Round 6 may be exchanged. 2.4. ECSC is open to all countries that belong to ECU The break between each round is at least 15 minutes. (European Chess Union).

2.1. The ECSC is organized by a country which is a 3.1. The organizing country nominates the Director of member of the FIDE and has been appointed by the the ECSC, if possible, before the announcement of PCCC. the tournament.

2.2. The ECSC is an official team european champion- 3.2. The Director is responsible for the selection of the ship if teams of at least 7 different countries partici- problems to be solved. He makes the diagram cop- pate. It is an official individual european champi- ies for the tournament. It is his job to ensure that onship if at least 30 solvers from at least 10 coun- the solvers do not know the problems. tries participate. For juniors and women required numbers are 10 solvers from 7 different countries. 3.3. If the Director has no title FIDE Solving Judge he should be from different country than the organiz- 2.3. The maximum age for junior is 23. ing one. That country has to nominate an Assist-

21. ant Director to represent the Director in case he is a) in direct mate problems: all moves in all varia- unable to attend the ECSC. tions of full length which defend the threat, including the threat if it is of full length, except 4.1. The teams consist of three or four solvers and the the last move of Black and the mating move team-leader who may be one of the solvers. (i.e. in twomovers only the key; in threemovers all three move variations, including 4.2. A country participating with one team is allowed to the full length threat, up to the second white nominate a further two solvers for the individual move, etc.); championship. Maximum number of solvers from b) in selfmate problems: all moves except the one country is 6 except pt 4.5. mating move in all variations of full length which defend the threat, including the threat 4.3. The members of the teams simultaneously compete if it is of full length. in the individual championship. If a threat doesn’t exist or a threat of full length is 4.4. A country not participating with a team may send not written all variations of full length are to be one or two solvers for the individual champion- given. ship. c) in helpmate problems: all moves; 4.5 The organizing country is allowed to nominate 2 d) in endgames: all moves up to an obvious win teams. In this case 8 solvers from the organizing or draw. country can participate. 9.1. In helpmates for which more than one single solu- 4.6. The three best solvers of a ECSC are entitled to tion is indicated the solver has to give the re- participate in the following ECSC (individual) inde- quested single solutions. In all other problems and pendently of their qualification in a national cham- endgames only one solution is to be given. pionship and even if not among the six solvers as defined in pt 4.2. 9.2. If a solver believes he has found a cook, he may give it instead of the solution. In this case, he has 5.1. A country must notify the organizer of its intention to give the complete moves of the cook according to participate not later than three months before to point 8. The correct and complete solution or the tournament; unless in the organizer’s an- cook of a problem scores 5 points. nouncement a later date is given. 9.3. An incomplete solution scores fewer points. Incor- 6.1. The problems to be solved should be originals, or, rect or incomplete variations or single solutions alternatively, little known published problems. score 0 points. If more than the required number of solutions for a particular problem is written, it is 6.2. The selected problems should show a clear theme enough that one of the solutions is incorrect for and ECSCa good level of quality and difficulty. It is rec- the solver to score 0 (zero) points for this problem. ommended that in every round, the three problems should represent different styles. 9.4. The Director must determine the distribution of points for a solution (i.e. for different variations, 6.3. Fairy conditions and retro problems are not al- moves or single solutions) before the tournament lowed. The positions should be legal. All problems starts. For a helpmate(s) with more single solutions should have only one solution, except in the help- the distribution of points should be indicated on mate round when more single solutions are espe- the solving sheet. cially indicated. The problems should be computer tested as far as possible. 9.5. If a problem has no solution, 0 points are awarded for this problem and all solvers get the full time 7.1. The problems to be solved must be presented on score in this round. printed diagrams. 9.6. Retro problems and problems with fairy conditions 7.2. The solver may use the chess board(s) and men (see 6.3.) are treated like problems with no solution. made available by the organiser, or his own set(s). A problem with an illegal position is treated like The use of all electronic or technological aids one with a legal position. which can help in solving is forbidden. 9.7. If a move is written incorrectly, unclearly or am- 7.3. The solver must write the solutions only on the biguously, this variation or single solution is re- sheet provided by the Director. garded as incorrect. If, however, the Director (or the jury, pt 13.5) is absolutely sure that the correct 8. The solutions are to be written in the following move was intended, this variation or single solu- way: tion must be regarded as correct. 22. 10.1. During the solving a solver may leave the solving 12.2. If a problem has proved to be incorrect (cooks, du- room only with a permission of the Director and als, no solution) this must be announced as soon accompanied by a controller. as possible including the respective distribution of points. 10.2. When a solver hands over the solving sheet a controller immediately writes the elapsed time on the 13.1. The Director has to announce his reports not later solver’s solving sheet. Elapsed time is rounded up than 8 pm on the first day and not later than 3 pm on in minutes (i.e. when the last minute starts solvers the second day of the competition. get full time). After handing the solving sheet, the solver has no right to make any change to the solu- 13.2. Protests against any announcement must reach tions. He should leave the room and may not return the Director in written form not later than one hour until the round is ended. after this announcement. He is allowed to accept protests out of time. If the Director cannot be 10.3. The Director announces 10 minutes left and the found, a protest remark is to be made at the an- last minute in each round. After the announcement nouncement board. Protests have to be given by of the last minute all solvers remain sitting to the the teamleaders or by an individual solver. end of the round. When the end is declared they stop writing and wait until the controllers collect all 13.3. The Director’s task is to deal with such protests the solving sheets. and to settle disputes. He has to secure that a solution given by a solver only can be seen by this 11.1. For the team result in each round, the score of the solver himself, or by the leader or other members of three best solvers of a team for this round is taken his team. in consideration. The points of all rounds will be totalled, as well as the respective solving time (in 13.4. Objections to any decision by the Director must be minutes). made in writing and must reach the Director within WCSCone hour after the announcement of the decision. 11.2. For the individual score, the points a solver achieves in the different rounds will be totalled, as 13.5. Such objections shall be dealt with by a jury con- well as the solving time. sisting of the Director and two neutral persons nominated by him in consultation with the team- 11.3. A solver with 0 points in a round gets the full time leaders affected. The majority decision of the jury score in this round. is final.

11.4. The number of points determines the ranking. In 14. These Rules should be published on the official the event of a tie on points, the solver or team with announcement board at least 24 hours before the the shorter total solving time will be ranked higher. start of the first round.

12.1. Participants must be informed of the official solutions of a round immediately after the end of that This version of the Rules was accepted at the PCCC round. The results of the rounds must be an- Congress in Wageningen 2006 nounced in written form as soon as possible.

23. CODEX

Introduction and to recommend changes from time to time if they seem necessary. This codex deals with general principles of chess composition activities such as composition, solving and publication. The codex is intended to be descriptive, rather Part One: The Chess Composition than prescriptive, and it is also intended to offer con- structive guidance in areas where there has been no cen- Chapter I - General Principles tral guidance before. It is not intended to be a body of established law which problemists must observe on pain Article 1 - Independence of being condemned of heresy or worse; problemists are Compositional Chess is an independent form of chess independent spirits, and it would be pointless for the activity which consists of using features found in, or de- PCCC to attempt to legislate in that way. rived from, the game of chess as the material for the creation of artistic effects or constructional feats, in the form Part One is descriptive. It represents an updated attempt of chess compositions. to articulate the most important features of the world of chess composition, as they are actually known and prac- Article 2 - Chess Composition tised. It is a distillation of experience rather than a statute. A chess composition consists usually of a position on The same applies to Chapter VII, which treats of tourna- the chess board 1, a stipulation in the form of words 2, and ments for the first time. the solution. A chess composition is the result of an individual creative act of one or more authors 3 *. The whole of Part Two, which deals with the public aspects of chess compositions, breaks new ground. Its first Article 3 - Solution of a Chess Composition two Chapters (V and VI), which tackle the topics of publi- The solution of a chess composition usually consists of cation and priority, are different in character from Part one or more sequences of moves which satisfy the stipu- One. They cannot be called a distillation of experience, lation 4. The solution intended by the author is called because these are areas where there are no generally ac- author's solution. cepted views, and no shared experience to distil. They represent to some extent a compromise between the inter- Article 4 - Content of a Chess Composition ests of editors and composers, arrived at after a painstak- In addition to the author's solution, the content of a ing discussion of alternatives. Although expressed as chess composition may include virtual 5,6, play or formal rules, these Chapters should be understood as guidance, aspects 7. which, it is hoped, can for the first time form the basis for coherent Codexcommon practice in the future. Chapter II - Types of Chess Composition 8 Annex II is explicitly a form of guidance, offering detailed Article 5 - Classification according to Stipulations guidelines for tournaments. Chess compositions can be classified into several groups according to their stipulation. Besides the historically The subcommittee intends to keep the working of the developed groups, viz studies, direct mates, selfmates codex under review and to take account of any criticism and helpmates 9, further groups 10 have developed 11.

1 In some cases, it may not be necessary to give a position, for example in case of certain mathematical chess compositions or of reconstructional problems. 2 In some cases, a chess composition may have more than one position or stipulation (twins). 3 The use of a computer does not result in an authorship of the computer. 4 Examples of exceptional cases are retroanalytical or mathematical compositions. 5 Virtual play may include set play, try play etc. 6 In some types, for example in helpmates, the set play is part of the author's solution. 7 Formal aspects may include for example special patterns of moves, symbolic positions, miniature form etc. 8 Articles 5 to 7 are not intended to be exhaustive. Other classifications are possible and also practised, for example according to the material used (miniature, minimal, Meredith etc.) or according to other criteria. 9 According to this classification, examples of frequently used stipulations are: (a1) White to move and force a win, without restriction to a specified number of moves (studies). (a2) White to move and force a draw, without restriction to a specified number of moves (studies). (b) White to move and mate the black king in a specified maximum number of moves (direct mate). (c) White to move and force Black to mate the white king in a specified number of moves (selfmate). (d) Black to move and cooperate with White in order to obtain a mate of the black king in a specified number of moves (helpmate). 10 Further groups are, for example, stalemate or series stipulations etc. 11 Compositions other than studies are usually called problems. * See amendments in the end! Codex 24. Article 6 - Special Types square but the same aim is obtained as in the author's Additionally, and independent from the classification ac- solution cording to Article 5, there are a number of special types, (c) artificial prolongation of the solution. including: Article 11 - Short Solution * (a) Retroanalytical chess compositions A short solution is a method of satisfying the stipulation (b) Mathematical chess compositions in fewer moves than required, whether by means of a (c) Constructional chess compositions. cook or a dual.

Article 7 - Classification according to Rules Article 12 - No Solution Furthermore, chess compositions can be classified into A chess composition is said to have no solution if there is those which apply the FIDE-rules of the game of chess 12 no method of satisfying its stipulation. and those which apply modified rules 13,14. Article 13 - Unsound Chess Compositions * Chapter III - Soundness (1) Subject to paragraph (2), a composition is unsound if it is cooked or has a short solution or no solution 15. Article 8 - Author's Solution Every chess composition must be capable of being (2) Helpplay compositions are unsound also if they are solved only by the author's solution. Special features of dualized, except that in the final move a promotion into the author's solution (such as multiple solutions or different pieces having partially the same power (for ex- setplay in helpplay problems) should be expressly stipu- ample queen/rook or queen/bishop) may be tolerated 16. lated. Chapter IV - Miscellaneous Conventions Article 9 - Cook * (1) Subject to paragraph (2), a chess composition is called Article 14 - Legality of Positions cooked if it has a solution that differs in its first move from (1) A position is legal if it can be reached by a sequence of the author's solution. moves from the initial array 17. Otherwise, the position is called illegal 18. (2) In studies, a cook is a method of satisfying the stipulation different from the author's intention, not necessar- (2) In studies and problems that apply the FIDE-rules, ily starting with the first move. illegal positions are not acceptable for composition tournaments unless the tournament conditions so stipulate. Article 10 - Dual * (1) Subject to paragraph (2), a dual is said to occur if, after Article 15 - First Move the first move, there is more than one method of satisfy- If the first move does not lie with the conventional party ing the stipulation. (examples see Footnote 9), this should either be indicated in the stipulation or deducible from retroanalysis 19. (2) In a study,Codex a dual is a method of satisfying the stipulation which differs from the author's solution but is Article 16 - Dependent Moves equally effective. There are at least three types of such (1) Castling is deemed to be permissible unless it can be duals: proved that it is not permissible. An en-passant capture is permissible on the first move only if it can be proved (a) change in the sequence of moves that the last move was the double-step of the pawn to be (b) with a longer manoeuvre a piece goes to a different captured 20.

12 Presently, the rules for the game of chess as agreed during the FIDE-congress 1996 in Yerevan are valid. Relevant for compositional chess are Articles 1 to 5. 13 In this context, the terms orthodox, heterodox, fairy and exo are used. 14 Modifications of the FIDE-rules may for example consist in: (a) Rules (conditions) on which the composition is based (for example maximummer, circe, seriesmover). (b) Pieces used in the composition (for example nightrider, grasshopper, chinese pieces). (c) Chess space on which the composition is based (for example chess board with 10x10 squares, cylindrical chess board, multi-dimensional chess boards). 15 The gravity of defects such as unintended duals (other than in helpplay problems) or unintended multiple refutations of tries is a matter for the judge. 16 Such duals are normally tolerated also in other types of composition. 17 Such a sequence of moves is called a proof game. 18 Retroanalysis does not apply to illegal positions, except for the purpose of determining that they are illegal. It also does not apply to fairy compositions unless it is essential to the content of the composition. 19 For the purpose of Article 9, the preliminary move by the unconventional party is not counted, except in helpplay problems. The number of moves to be expressed in the stipulation should be the number of moves to be made by White. 20 In determining the permissibility of these features, account must be taken of which party is to move first. Codex 25. (2) In case of mutual dependency of castling rights of (3) A chess composition which is first published accord- each party, the party exercising this right first is entitled ing to paragraph (2) (b) above is entitled to priority from to do so. Other conventions (which also affect other the date of that publication and is also eligible to compete rights to move) should be expressly stipulated, for exam- in any composing tournament within the next two years. ple: Article 21 - Form of Publication (a) If an en-passant capture in the course of the solu- The publication of a chess composition should generally tion has to be legalized by a subsequent castling (for show its position in diagram form. In addition, the follow- example AP). ing features should be indicated: (b) If several possibilities that result in several solutions are to be distinguished in the retro play, i. e. in (a) Name of the author(s). the proof game or in some parts of it, then these pos- (b) In case of first publication indication of this fact (e. sibilities are called retro-variants (for example RV). g. "original"). (c) In case of reprints, the following particulars of the Article 17 - 50 Moves-Rule source of the first publication as exactly as possible Unless expressly stipulated, the 50 moves-rule does not 23: apply to the solution of chess compositions except for (c1) name and date of publication; retro-problems. (c2) if appropriate, indication that the version differs from the original publication ("correction", "version", Article 18 - Repetition of Position "v"). A position is considered as a draw if it can be proved that (d) Tournament distinctions 24. an identical position 21 has occured three times in the (e) The stipulation in words (examples see footnote 9) proof game combined with the solution. or, preferably, in usual abbreviations, and including the following particulars: Part Two: The Chess Composition and the (e1) setplay, if any, in helpplay problems 25; Public (e2) change(s) from the diagram position in case of twin compositions; Chapter V - Publication (e3) the number of solutions, if more than one; (e4) variations in helpplay problems, (e. g. numeri- Article 19 - Effect of Publication cally by 1.2.1.1). Upon first publication of a chess composition, the author (f) All fairy chess elements, if appropriate. acquires the right to claim priority for it, and a priority (g) Tries may be indicated (e. g. by use of "v"). 26 date is assigned to it (Article 22). (h) Author's solution(s) .

Article 20 - Definition of Publication Chapter VI - Priority (1) Publication of a chess composition consists of communicating it to the public, whether in permanent form Article 22 - Definition of Priority (e.g. a documentCodex or a recording medium) or transient form (1) The priority of a chess composition is determined by (e.g. on a demonstration board or through an electronic its priority date. medium). (2) The priority date of a chess composition is (2) For the purposes of this Article, "communicating to 27 the public" means enabling an unrestricted number of (a) the actual date of its first publication , or people to have the opportunity of access to a chess com- (b) if it is first published in the award of a formal tourna- position by ment, the closing date of that tournament.

(a) presenting it in permanent form, or (3) Whether a chess composition is younger or older than (b) showing or using it in a lecture or solving tourna- another one is ascertained by comparison of the priority ment which falls within the categories listed in Annex dates of both compositions. I, or (c) showing it in transient form through a generally Article 23 - Priority of an Unsound Chess Composition accessible medium (e.g. an electronic network) 22. (1) If a published chess composition is found to be unsound 28, it loses its priority date unless a correction is

21 Identical position means the same kinds of pieces on the same squares with the same move rights. 22 Including the Internet and electronic mailing lists, but not e-mail. 23 If the source is unknown this should be indicated. 24 The year of publication is considered to be more important than the period covered by the tourney 25 Set play may also be indicated in other types of problems. 26 Not necessarily at the same time as the original publication. 27 The actual date of a journal is the date on which it is published, whatever the date on its cover. 28 The author alone is responsible for the soundness. Codex 26. published within three years after the publication of the (b) secondary, i.e. for chess compositions which have unsoundness. already been published and may already have competed in a primary tournament (e.g. a national championship). (2) The author of a chess composition which has been published in unsound form retains the following rights: Article 27 - Solving Tournaments Solving tournaments are organised by venue (at a single (a) The right to correct the composition himself, and time and place) or by correspondence. Their rules are laid (b) The right of being cited as author if a correction is down by the organising body or person, and they are made by someone else 29. controlled by a director. Guidelines for their conduct are set out in Part 2 of Anex II. In principle: Article 24 - Anticipation (1) A chess composition is anticipated if there is an iden- (a) In a tournament organized by venue all participants tical composition which has an earlier priority date. The attend at the appointed time and place, and must solve anticipated chess composition is not eligible for any without any technical assistance other than a chess set. award 30. (b) In an correspondence tournament (e.g. one organised (2) Chess compositions which are partly anticipated are by a magazine) the participants send solutions to the eligible for awards: their merit is a matter for the judge, director within a specified time limit. who should take account of the degree of anticipation. (c) In all cases the solutions should be evaluated accord- (3) A second version of a correct chess composition pub- ing to a prearranged scheme, which has been made lished in an informal tournament, if published in the same known to the participants. tournament by the same author, is not considered to be partially anticipated by the original version. ANNEX I Chapter VII - Tournaments Public Lectures and Solving Tournaments (Article 20 Article 25 - Categories of Tournaments (2) (b)) One of the activities of composition chess is the conduct of tournaments for composing and solving 31. Events are considered public only if they fall within one of the following categories: Article 26 - Composing Tournaments Composing tournaments require a director, to whom all (1) A public lecture given during competing chess compositions are to be submitted, and at least one judge 32 who makes the award or selection. (i) a meeting of the PCCC; Guidelines for the organisation of composing tourna- (ii) a competition organized by FIDE; ments are set out in Part 1 of Annex II. (iii) a meeting of a national problem chess organiza- Codextion, provided that the country is a member of the Composing tournaments fall into the following catego- PCCC and that the meeting has been publicly an- ries: nounced in advance by the respective organisation; (iv) any other meeting which has been publicly an- (a) primary, i.e. for chess compositions which have not nounced in advance as public by the national prob- previously been published, except under Article 20 (2) lem chess organization of the country concerned. (b), and primary tournaments may be: (2) Solving tournaments: (i) informal, i.e. where the competing compositions are published before they are judged, or (i) the world chess solving competition (WCSC) or- (ii) formal, i.e. where the competing compositions are ganized by the PCCC; not published before they are judged 33; (ii) a national solving championship;

29 It is recommended that a correction made by someone else ("B") should, if practicable, be published in agreement with the author ("A"). B's name may also be mentioned. The following formulae are used (in order of increasing originality of the correction - which is a matter of personal evaluation): "A, correction"; "A, correction B"; "B after A". The correction should be published as a joint composition only if A agrees. This note also applies to improved versions of correct chess compositions. 30 In case of a claim of priority on the basis of a publication in transient form (Article 20 (1) and (2) (b), (c)), the burden of proof that such publication has actually taken place is on the claimant. 31 Not all tournaments clearly fall into one of these two categories (e.g. reconstruction tournaments (synthetics)). 32 The director and the judge are not necessarily different persons. 33 In a formal tournament, corrections or versions of participating chess compositions are not admitted after the closing date unless the announcement so provides.

Codex 27. (iii) an open solving tournament organized during a copy; meeting mentioned in section (1) above. (vi) to receive any objections made within the period allowed, and to transmit to the judge any which need ANNEX II to be adjudicated by him 35; (vii) to receive and publish any consequential adjust- Guidelines for the Organization of Tournaments ment of the award made by the judge, and to notify any composer affected. Part I. Composition Tournaments (b) in an informal tournament: 1 Announcement of a Composing Tournament A primary composing tournament for original chess com- (i) to notify the judge of all eligible compositions 36, of positions starts with the announcement which should all alterations and corrections to be considered; include the following features: (ii) otherwise to proceed as in (iv) to (vii) above.

(a) the organizer (e.g. magazine, organization); 3 Functions of the Judge (b) the types of admitted chess compositions (e.g. mate in 2, mate in 3, helpmates); Subject to special conditions or restrictions applicable to (c) indication of special conditions affecting composition the tournament, the normal functions of the judge are as (e.g. theme; restricted force; if illegal positions are to be follows: admitted in a tournament applying FIDE rules, this should be stated); (a) to satisfy himself that he knows the final form of every (d) indication of any additional requirements (e.g. restric- eligible composition (i.e. the form incorporating any al- tion in the admissible number of compositions per au- teration or correction made by the composer before the thor); closing date); (e) the address of the tournament director to whom the (b) to eliminate all compositions which do not conform to entries are to be sent; any set theme or other requirements of the tournament; (f) the closing date, if appropriate; (c) to consider all eligible compositions in their final form; (g) the name of the judge; (d) to decide which of the eligible compositons are in his (h) in case of formal tournaments, whether it is intended judgment of sufficient aesthetic merit to be honoured; that compositions which are not honoured in the award (e) to satisfy himself, as far as he can, that no composition will be published without further notification to the com- which he wishes to honour is anticipated, and to take posers. account of any partial anticipation known to him; (f) to prepare an award ranking the honoured composi- 2 Functions of the Director tions in order of merit according to his judgment, and normally dividing them into grades as prizewinners, The normal functions of the director are as follows: honorable mentions and commendations (placing as many in each grade as he thinks fit), and adding such (a) in a formalCodex tournament: comments as he considers appropriate; (g) to submit his award to the director within a reasonable (i) to receive the competing chess compositions and time; make any alterations or corrections submitted by the (h) to consider any objections to his award transmitted to author before the closing date; him by the director, and to notify the director promptly of (ii) to eliminate compositions which are obviously in- his adjudication of them, including any consequential eligible 34; adjustment of his award. (iii) to transcribe the eligible problems into anony- mous form, if necessary, and to send them with full 4 Form of Entries solutions to the judge; (iv) to notify the judge of any unusual conditions or Entries for composing tournaments should meet the for- restrictions applicable to the tournament or his award mal requirements according to Article 21 and indicate the (e.g. a restriction of the number of prizes); name of the tournament and the author's address. (v) to receive and publish the judge's award and to Thematical or theoretical remarks may be added 37. ensure that every competing composer receives a

34 The director may also test the competing compositions for unsoundness. As the author alone is responsible for the soundness (see footnote 29), such testing should be considered merely as an attempt to avoid claims of unsoundness after publication of the award but not as a service on which the composers can rely. 35 The judge will be concerned with questions requiring aesthetic judgement (e.g. the effect of partial anticipation); factual questions (e.g. the date of priority of an anticipating composition) should be determined by the director. 36 In case of doubt, the director decides in which informal tournament a corrected chess composition participates. 37 All information should be given on one side of a sheet. A separate sheet should be used for each entry.

Codex 28. 5 The Award the World Championship in Solving of Chess Problems (WCSC), are given. (a) The award must be published and it should be sent to all participating composers and the judge within a rea- 1 The WCSC consists of 6 rounds over two days, with 3 sonable time after publication (normally within three rounds each day according to the following table: months). Round 1 3 twomovers 20 minutes solving time Round 2 3 threemovers 60 minutes solving time (b) Within a period which should be announced in the Round 3 3 endgames 100 minutes solving time award (normally three months from the date of publica- Round 4 3 helpmates 50 minutes solving time tion of the award), any person may raise objections Round 5 3 moremovers 80 minutes solving time against the award with the director. The objections must Round 6 3 selfmates 50 minutes solving time be based on unsoundness or anticipation of an honoured chess composition. The relevant facts or evidence (e.g. The break between each round is at least 15 minutes. cooks or anticipating compositions) must be indicated. 2 The problems to be solved should be originals, or, alter- (c) If no objection has been made within that period, the natively, little known published problems. award becomes final. If an objection has been made, the part of the award that is not affected by it becomes final, 3 The selected problems should show a clear theme and a apart from possible changes in the ranking of the hon- good level of quality and difficulty. In each round, the oured chess compositions as a result of the objection. three problems should represent different styles.

6 Miscellaneous 4 All problems should have only one solution, except in case that more solutions are especially indicated. The (a) A detailed announcement of informal tournaments problems should be computer tested as far as possible. which are organized periodically by chess magazines (e.g. annual tournaments) is not necessary. 5 The problems to be solved should be presented on printed diagrams. (b) Chess compositions which have not been published during one tournament period may be transferred to the 6 The solver may use the chess board and men made subsequent informal tournament by the director without available by the organizer, or his own set; the use of com- informing the author, provided the author has not specifi- puters or computer boards during solving is forbidden. cally objected to this. 7 The solutions are to be written in the following way: (c) The director (e.g. editor of a chess magazine or col- umn) is not obliged to publish all compositions entered a) in direct mate problems: all moves in variations of for an informal tournament. full length - including the threat if it is of full length too - except the last move of Black and the mating (d) The authorCodex should be provided with evidence of the move, i.e. in twomovers only the key; in threemovers publication of his chess composition within a reasonable all three move variations, including the threat, up to time after publication. the second white move, etc.; b) in helpmate problems: all moves; (e) An author who, within a period of 18 months from c) in selfmate problems: all moves except the mating sending a chess composition to the director of an infor- move in all variations of full length, including the mal tournament, has neither received evidence 38 of pub- threat if it is in full length too; lication nor any other information concerning his compo- d) in endgames: all moves up to an obvious win or sition may assume free disposal of his composition and draw. may send it to another composing tournament 39. 8 In problems for which more than one solution is indi- Part II. Solving Tournaments cated the solver has to give the requested number of solutions. In all other problems and endgames only one so- Solving tournaments may be organised under various lution is to be given. conditions as defined by the organizer of a particular tournament. To show, by way of example, how a solving 9 If a solver believes he has found a cook, he may give it tournament organised by venue might be organised, the instead of the solution. In this case, he has to give the following Rules, which are an excerpt from the Rules for complete moves of the cook according to point 7.

38 Such evidence may be the complete issue or a clipping of a magazine or, at least, a photocopy of the relevant page. 39 Nevertheless, if the earlier submission results in publication, the first publication in time has priority in accordance with Article 22. Codex 29. The correct and complete solution or cook of a problem AMENDMENTS PROPOSED IN scores 5 points. WAGENINGEN 2006

The complete solution may consist of several single solu- Article 2: Add to the Footnote 3: “Nor does the compila- tions. tion or publication of a computer generated database constitute the publication of one or more chess com- An incomplete solution scores fewer points. Incorrect or positions”. incomplete variations - when more solutions are specially Article 9: Paragraph (1): Delete “(1) Subject to Paragraph indicated, incorrect or incomplete single solutions - score (2)” 0 points. Article 9: Delete whole of Paragraph (2). Article 10: Paragraph (1): Delete “(1) Subject to Paragraph The Director must determine the distribution of points for (2)”. a solution (i.e. for different variations, moves or single Article 10: Paragraph (1): After “(...) the stipulation” add solutions) before the tournament starts. If a problem has new Footnote 14A: “In non-helpplay compositions no solution, 0 points are awarded for this problem. If a alternative black moves are not normally considered problem is unsolvable all solvers get the full time score in duals but may be seen as artistic defects”. this round. A problem with an illegal position is treated Article 10: Delete whole of Paragraph (2). like one with a legal position. Article 11: Delete: “, whether by means of a cook or a dual”. 10 If a move is written incorrectly, unclearly or ambigu- Article 11: After “(...) than required” add new Footnote ously, this variation or single solution is regarded as in- 14B: “A non-helpplay composition does not have a correct. If, however, the Director (or the jury, pt. 15) is short solution if there is at least one line of play which absolutely sure that the correct move was intended, this needs the stipulated number of moves”. variation or single solution can be regarded as correct. Article 13: Paragraph (1): Replace “Paragraph (2)” by “Paragraphs (2) and (3)”. 11 For the score, the points a solver achieves in the differ- Article 13: Add new Paragraph (3): “Studies are rendered ent rounds will be totalled, as well as the solving time. A unsound by duals in the main line, but other duals are solver with 0 points in a round gets the full time score in normally tolerated”. this round. Article 13: After “normally tolerated” add new Footnote 15A: “The following are examples of duals which are The number of points determines the ranking. In the normally tolerated: (a) achieving the aim of the au- event of a tie on points, the solver or team with the thor’s solution by a longer manoeuvre arriving at a shorter total solving time will be ranked higher. different square, (b) artificial prolongation of the solution”. 12 Participants must be informed of the official solutions of a round immediately after the end of that round. The results of the rounds must be announced in written form as soon asCodex possible.

13 If a problem has proved to be incorrect (cooks, duals, no solution) this must be announced as soon as possible.

14 Protests against any anouncement must reach the Di- rector in written form not later than one hour after the announcement. He is allowed to accept protests out of time.

15 It is the Director's task to deal with such protests and to settle disputes. He has to secure that a solution given by a solver can be seen only by this solver himself or by the leader or other members of his team.

Objections to any decision by the Director must be made in writing and must reach the Director within 12 hours after the announcement of the decision. Such objections shall be dealt with by a jury consisting of the Director and two neutral persons nominated by him in consultation with the team-leaders affected. The majority decision of the jury is final.

Codex 30. GRANDMASTERS OF THE FIDE FOR CHESS COMPOSITIONS

1972 1988 Norman Macleod (Great Britain Genrich M. Kasparjan (Armenia +) Cornelis Goldschmeding (Nether- +) Lev I. Loshinskij (USSR +) lands +) Byron Zappas (Greece) Comins Mansfield (Great Britain Aleksandr Guljajev (Grin) (Rus- +) sian Fed. +) 1995 Eeltje Visserman (Netherlands +) Ernest Pogosjanc (USSR +) Michael Keller (Germany) Jakov Vladimirov (Russian Fed.) Alexandr Kuzovkov (Moldova) 1976 Milan Vukcevic (USA +) Vladimir A. Bron (USSR +) 1996 Jindřich Fritz (CSFR +) 1989 Toma Garai (USA) Vladimir A. Korolkov (USSR +) Herbert Ahues (Germany) Živko Janevski (Macedonia) Vladimír Pachman (CSFR +) Viktor Chepizhnij (Russian Fed.) György Páros (Hungary +) Emilian Dobrescu (Romania) 2001 Nenad Petrović (Yugoslavia +) Virgil Nestorescu (Romania) 1990 1980 David Gurgenidze (Georgia) 2004 György Bakcsi (Hungary) Jacobus Haring (Netherlands +) Unto Heinonen (Finland) Hrvoje Bartolović (Croatia +) Jean-Marc Loustau (France) Bo Lindgren (Sweden) 1992 Mikhail Marandjuk (Ukraine) Gia Nadareishvili (USSR +) Fadil Abdurahmanović (Bosnia & Waldemar Tura (Poland) Valentin Rudenko (Ukraine) Hercegovina) Jan Rusinek (Poland) 2005 1984 Udo Degener (Germany) Claude Goumondy (France) 1993 Nikolai Kralin (Russia) Iosif Krikheli (USSR +) Venelin Alaikov (Bulgaria +) Franz Pachl (Germany) Petko A. Petkov (Bulgaria) Michel Caillaud (France) Oleg Pervakov (Russia ) Hans Peter Rehm (Germany) Andrej Lobusov (Russian Fed.) Touw Hian Bwee (Indonesia)

INTERNATIONAL MASTERS OF THE FIDE FOR CHESS COMPOSITIONS

1959 (Honoris Causa) György Páros (Hungary +) Tigran Gorgiev (USSR +) André Chéron (Switzerland +) Nenad Petrović (Yugoslavia +) Gia Nadareishvili (USSR +) Arnoldo Ellerman (Argentina +) Pauli Perkonoja (Finland) Alexandr I. Gerbstman (USSR +) 1966 Ernest Pogosjanc (USSR +) Jan Hartong (Netherlands +) Vladimir A. Bron (USSR +) John M. Rice (Great Britain) Cyril S. Kipping (Great Britain +) Jindřich Fritz (CSFR +) Carel J. R. Sammelius Comins Mansfield (Great Britain Hans Lepuschütz (Austria +) (Netherlands +) +) Artur Mandler (CSFR +) Waldemar Tura (Poland) Alois Wotawa (Austria +) 1960 1971 Genrich M. Kasparjan (USSR +) 1967 Cornelis Goldschmeding Lev I. Loshinskij (USSR +) György Bakcsi (Hungary) (Netherlands +) Vladimír Pachman (CSFR +) Barry P. Barnes (Great Britain) Alois Johandl (Austria +) Hrvoje Bartolović (Croatia +) Iosif Krikheli (USSR +) 1961 Adriano Chicco (Italy +) Eduard Livshits (Ukraine) Vitalij A. Chekhover (USSR +) Karl Fabel (Germany +) Ilja Mikan (CSFR +) Nils G. G. van Dijk (Norway +) Werner Speckmann (Germany +) Vitalij Tjavlovskij (Russian Fed.) Valentin Rudenko (Russian Fed.) Jakov Vladimirov (Russian Fed.) Eeltje Visserman (Netherlands +) Axel Åkerblom (Sweden +) 1973 Leonid Zagorujko (Russian Fed.+) Josef Breuer (Germany +) 1968 Pieter ten Cate (Netherlands +) 1965 Jacobus Haring (Netherlands +) Gerardus Drese (Netherlands +) Vladimir A. Korolkov (USSR +) Hans Peter Rehm (Germany) Alexandr Guljajev (Grin) (Russian Bo Lindgren (Sweden) Fed. +) Robin C. O. Matthews (Great 1969 Knud Hannemann (Denmark +) Britain) Viktor Chepizhnij (Russian Fed.) Jan Knöppel (Sweden +) Grandmasters, International Masters 31. Rafael Kofman (USSR +) 1984 1993 Alexandr Kuznetsov (USSR +) Velimir Kalandadze (Georgia) Uri Avner (Israel) Lars Larsen (Denmark) Michael Keller (Germany) Fedor Davidenko (Russian Fed.) Erich E. Zepler (Great Britain +) József Korponai (Hungary +) Valentin Lukjanov (Ukraine +) László Lindner (Hungary +) Bernhard Schauer (Germany +) 1974 Norman Macleod (Great Britain Harold Lommer (Spain +) +) 1995 Stefan Schneider (Austria +) Paul Moutecidis (Greece) Pal Benko (USA) Avenir Popandopulo (USSR +) Udo Degener (Germany) 1975 Jan Rusinek (Poland) Jurij Gordian (Ukraine) Gerald F. Anderson (Great Britain Francisco Salazar (Spain +) Oleg Pervakov (Russian Fed.) +) Sergej Shedej (Ukraine) Alexandr Sochnev (Russian Fed.) Alexandr Kazancev (Russian Fed. Milan Velimirović (Yugoslavia) +) Byron Zappas (Greece) 1996 Peter Kniest (Germany +) Juraj Brabec (Slovakia) Alexej Kopnin (USSR +) 1985 Jean Haymann (Israel) Gerhard Latzel (Germany +) Shlomo Seider (Israel +) Meindert Niemeijer (Netherlands 1997 +) 1988 Marjan Kovačević (Serbia) Evgenij Umnov (USSR +) Venelin Alaikov (Bulgaria +) Henk Prins (Netherlands) Krasimir Gandev (Bulgaria) Valerij Shanshin (Kirgistan) 1976 Leonard Katsnelson (Russian Anatolij Slesarenko (Russian Fed.) Herbert Ahues (Germany) Fed.) Walther Jörgensen (Denmark +) Aurél Kárpáti (USA +) 2001 Michael Lipton (Great Britain) Attila Korányi (Hungary +) Harry Fougiaxis (Greece) Matti Myllyniemi (Finland +) Nikolai Kralin (Russian Fed.) Camillo Gamnitzer (Austria) Jan Rusek (Poland +) Andrej Lobusov (Russian Fed.) Hubert Gockel (Germany) Josef Retter (Israel) Peter Gvozdják (Slovakia) 1977 Piotr Ruszczyński (Poland) Vjacheslav Kopajev (Russian Fed.) Vaclav Gebelt (Belarus +) Ján Valuška (Slovakia) Zdravko Maslar (Germany) Jan Hannelius (Finland +) Colin Sydenham (Great Britain) Alexander Hildebrand (Sweden +) 1989 Viktor Syzonenko (Ukraine) Edgar Holladay (USA +) Yochanan Afek (Israel) Petko A. Petkov (Bulgaria) Evgenij Bogdanov (Ukraine) 2004 Touw Hian Bwee (Indonesia) Michel Caillaud (France) Wieland Bruch (Germany) Yves Cheylan (France) Olexandr Kisljak (Ukraine) 1979 Alfred Dombrovskis (Latvia +) Zoltán Labai (Slovakia) Filip Bondarenko (Ukraine +) Vladimir Erochin (Russian Fed. +) Torsten Linss (Germany) Friedrich Chlubna (Austria +) Toma Garai (USA) Vjacheslav Pilchenko (Russian Claude Goumondy (France) Živko Janevski (Macedonia) Fed.) Baldur Kozdon (Germany) Alexandr Kuzovkov (Moldova) Nikolaj Riabinin (Russian Fed.) Alexandr Sarichev (USSR +) Mikhail Marandjuk (Ukraine) Ivan Soroka (Ukraine) Michael Schneider (Germany +) Viktor Melnichenko (Ukraine) Marcel Tribowski (Germany) Vilmos Schneider (Hungary +) Vasha Neidze (Georgia) Leopold Szwedowski (Poland) Franz Pachl (Germany) 2005 Milan Vukčević (USA +) Jurij Sushkov (Russian Fed.) Reto Aschwanden (Switzerland) Erkki A. Wirtanen (Finland +) Klaus Wenda (Austria) Alexandr Bacharev (Russian Fed.) János Csák (Hungary) 1980 1990 Stefan Dittrich (Germany) Fadil Abdurahmanović (Bosnia & Jean P. Boyer (France +) Vasyl Dyachuk (Ukraine) Hercegovina) Bernd Ellinghoven (Germany) Alex Casa (France +) 1992 Václav Kotěšovec(Czechia) Emilian Dobrescu (Romania) Unto Heinonen (Finland) Ľudovít Lačný (Slovakia) Alexandr Feoktistov (Russian Fed) Yehuda Hoch (Israel) Jorge J. Lois (Argentina) Andre Fossum (Norway +) Jean Marc Loustau (France) Mario Parrinello (Italy) David Gurgenidze (Georgia) Miodrag Mladenović (Serbia) Valerij Shavyrin (Russian Fed.) Anatolij Kuznetsov (Russian Fed. Dieter Müller (Germany) Štefan Sovík (Slovakia) +) Manne Persson (Sweden) George Sphicas (USA) Leopold Mitrofanov (Russian Fed. Narajan Shankar Ram (India) Sergej N. Tkachenko (Ukraine) +) Kjell Widlert (Sweden) Virgil Nestorescu (Romania) International Masters 32. FIDE MASTERS FOR CHESS COMPOSITIONS

1990 Jan H. Marwitz (Netherlands +) Vjacheslav Pilchenko (Russian László Apró (Hungary) Mário Matouš (Czechia) Fed.) Uri Avner (Israel) Alexandr Maximovskij (Russian Valerij Shanshin (Kirgistan) Nils Bakke (Norway) Fed.) Ivan Soroka (Ukraine) Dimitrij Bannij (Russian Fed. +) Miodrag Mladenović (Serbia) Štefan Sovík (Slovakia) Jurij Bazlov (Russian Fed.) Karol Mlynka (Slovakia) Gyula Bebesi (Hungary +) Dieter Müller (Germany) 1995 Romeo Bedoni (France) Godehard Murkisch (Germany) Olexandr Kisljak (Ukraine) Alexej Belenkij (USSR +) M. Parthasarathy (India) Nicolae Micu (Romania) Attila Benedek (Hungary) Manne Persson (Sweden) Nikolaj Riabinin (Russian Fed.) Pal Benko (USA) Alexander Pituk (Slovakia +) Vladimir Sichev (Belarus) Juraj Brabec (Slovakia) Henk Prins (Netherlands) Revaz Tavariani (Georgia +) Siegfried Brehmer (Germany +) Sergej Pugachev (USSR +) Vladimir Timonin (Russian Fed.) Johannes Jacob Burbach Christopher Reeves (Great Britain) Valentin Udartsev (Russian Fed.) (Netherlands +) Gerd Rinder (Germany) Fedor Davidenko (Russian Fed.) Efim Ruchlis (Israel +) 1996 Udo Degener (Germany) Jacques Savournin (France) János Csák (Hungary) Stefan Dittrich (Germany) Bernhard Schauer (Germany +) Bernd Ellinghoven (Germany) Vasilij Dolgov (Russian Fed.) Hans Heinrich Schmitz (Germany +) Václav Kotěšovec (Czechia) Jurij Dorogov (USSR +) Narajan Shankar Ram (India) Torsten Linss (Germany) Stephan Eisert (Germany) Theodor Siers (Germany +) Jorge Lois (Argentina) Viktor Evreinov (USSR +) Miroslav Šindelář (Czechia) Jean Morice (France) Bruno Fargette (France) Viktor Sizonenko (Ukraine) Mario Parinello (Italy) Roman Fedorovic (Zalokotskij) Gerard Smits (Netherlands) George Sphicas (USA) (Ukraine) Felix A. Sonnenfeld (Brazil +) Ferenc Fleck (Hungary) Theodor Steudel (Germany) 1997 Bedrich Formánek (Slovakia) Colin Sydenham (Great Britain) Peter Gvozdják (Slovakia) Hilding Fröberg (Sweden +) Tibor Szabó (Hungary) Jakob Mintz (Israel) Jurij Gordian (Ukraine) József Szöghy (Hungary +) Alexandr Mochalkin (Russian Fed. Cornelius Groenevald (Netherlands Ivo Tominić (Croatia) +) +) Jean-Michel Trillon (France) Erwin Gross (Germany +) German Umnov (Russian Fed.) 1998 Jean Haymann (Israel) Kjell Widlert (Sweden) Gérard Doukhan (France) Unto Heinonen (Finland) Claude Wiedenhoff (France) Eugeniusz Iwanow (Poland) Zvonimir Hernitz (Croatia) Vladimir Zabunov (Bulgaria) Jakov Rossomakho (Russian Fed.) Yehuda Hoch (Israel) Manfred Zucker (Germany) Andrej Vasilenko (Ukraine) Fritz Hoffmann (Germany) Herbert Hultberg (Sweden +) 1992 2001 Arkadij Jaroslavcev (Russian Fed.) Roland Baier (Switzerland) Pavel Arestov (Russian Fed.) Gustav Jönsson (Sweden) Harry Fougiaxis (Greece) Amatzia Avni (Israel) Osmo Kaila (Finland +) Veikko Hynönen (Finland +) Wieland Bruch (Germany) Tivadar Kardos (Hungary +) Vjacheslav Kopajev (Russian Fed.) Andrej Frolkin (Ukraine) Valerij Karpov (Russian Fed. +) Andrzej Lewandowski (Poland) Jurij Gorbatenko (Russian Fed.) Imants Kisis (Latvia) Mircea M. Manolescu (Romania +) Martin Hoffmann (Switzerland) Ivan Kiss (Slovakia) Zdravko Maslar (Germany) Günther Jahn (Germany +) János Kiss (Hungary +) Bronislav Olympiev (Russian Fed.) Christer Jonsson (Sweden) Visa Kivi (Finland +) Oleg Pervakov (Russian Fed.) Vladimír Kos (Czechia +) Hugo Knuppert (Denmark +) Alexandr Sochnev (Russian Fed.) Marek Kwiatkowski (Poland) Marjan Kovačević (Serbia) Almiro Zarur (Brazil) Gerhard Maleika (Germany) Vitalij Kovalenko (Russian Fed.) Nikita Plaksin (Russian Fed.) Michail Kuznetsov (Russian Fed.) 1993 Christian Poisson (France) Zoltán Labai (Slovakia) Hillel Aloni (Israel) Olexandr Postnikov (Ukraine) Ľudovít Lačný (Slovakia) Jurij Antonov (Russian Fed.) Manfred Rittirsch (Germany) Valentin Lider (Russian Fed.) Wolfgang Dittmann (Germany) Jacques Rotenberg (France) Jean Marc Loustau (France) Camillo Gamnitzer (Austria) Sergej Sakharov (Russian Fed.) Valentin Lukjanov (Ukraina) Hubert Gockel (Germany) Francesco Simoni (Italy) Grigorij Markovskij (Russian Fed.) Hartmut Laue (Germany) Nikos Siotis (Greece)

FIDE Masters 33. Donald Smedley (Great Britain) Markus Manhart (Germany) Juraj Lörinc (Slovakia) Marcel Tribowski (Germany) Árpád Molnár (Hungary) Yurij Marker (Russian Fed.) Milivoj Nešić (Serbia +) Waldemar Mazul (Poland +) 2004 Sergej Nikolajevich Tkachenko Daniel Papack (Germany) Alexandr Bakharev (Russian Fed.) (Ukraine) Philippe Robert (France) Robert Burger (USA) Alexander Zidek (Austria) Ladislav Salai jr (Slovakia) Gady Costeff (Israel) Volker Zipf (Germany) Andrej Selivanov (Russian Fed.) Gábor Cseh (Hungary + ) Thorsten Zirkwitz (Germany) Sergej Smotrov (Kazakhstan) Vasyl Dyachuk (Ukraine) Anatolij Stepochkin (Russian Fed.) Paz Einat (Israel) 2005 Sven Trommler (Germany) Zoran Gavrilovski (FYROM) Igor Agapov (Russian Fed.) Vjacheslav Vladimirov (Russian Henk le Grand (Netherland) Michal Dragoun (Czechia) Fed.) Michael Herzberg (Germany) Valerij Gurov (Russia) Peter Wong (Australia) Aharon Hirschenson (Israel) Christopher Jones (Great Britain) Michal Hlinka (Slovakia) Viktor Kapusta (Ukraine) 2006 Jorge Kapros (Argentina) Evgenij Kolesnikov (Russian Fed.) Andrej Zhuravlev (Russian Fed.) Emil Klemanič (Slovakia) Thierry le Gleuher (France) Leonid Makaronez (Israel) Ľudovít Lehen (Slovakia)

HONORARY MASTERS OF CHESS COMPOSITION

1986 1989 1998 Antonio F. Argüelles (Spain +) Gino Mentasti (Italy +) Eliahu Fasher (Israel +) John Niemann (Germany +) Antonio Piatesi (Italy +) 1991 1999 Albert Koldijk (Netherlands +) Giorgio Mirri (Italy +) 1987 Jean Zeller (France +) Savo Zlatić (Croatia) Grzegorz Grzeban (Poland +) Hans Klüver (Germany +) 1992 2000 Colin Vaughan (Great Britain +) Rui Nascimento (Portugal) 1988 Ferenc Fleck (Hungary +) 1994 2006 János Kiss (Hungary +) Kurt Smulders (Belgium) Jeremy Morse (Great Britain) Alexander Pituk (Slovakia +)

FIDE Masters, Honorary Masters 34. INTERNATIONAL JUDGES FOR CHESS COMPOSITIONS

Abreviations and symbols: Croatia 2, 3, m= direct twomovers, threemovers, 1956 Hrvoje Bartolović (+) moremovers 1958 Zvonimir Hernitz 2,3,m,s,h,f e = endings Savo Zlatić f s, h, f = selfmates, helpmates, fairies r = retros Czecho-Slovakia math = mathematical problems 1956 František Dedrle (+) + = deceased Jindřich Fritz (+) Miroslav Havel (+) Argentina František Hladík (+) 1956 Arnoldo Ellerman (+) Artur Mandler (+) 1965 Horatio L. Musante (+) Vladimír Pachman (+) Ladislav Prokeš (+) Armenia František J. Prokop (+) 1956 Genrich M. Kasparjan (+) Jan Wenda (+) 1957 Břetislav Soukup-Bardon (+) Austria 1958 Ilja Mikan (+) 1957 Stefan Eberle (+) Josef Halumbirek (+) Czechia Hans Lepuschütz (+) 1960 Jindřich Šulc (+) Alois Wotawa (+) 1988 Miroslav Šindelář 3,m 1966 Alois Johandl (+) 1991 Vladimír Kos (+) 1968 Klaus Wenda 3,m,s,f 1997 Vladislav Buňka s,h,e 1971 Friedrich Chlubna (+) 1998 Jaroslav Brada (+) 1981 Helmut Zajic 2,h,s Denmark Belarus 1956 Walther Jörgensen (+) 1959 Vaclav Gebelt (+) K. A. K. Larsen (+) 2001 Vladimir Sichev 2,3 O. G. Lauritzen (+) 2004 Alexandr Mikholap m,s P. Rasch Nielsen (+) Vilhelm Röpke (+) Bosnia & Hercegovina 1959 Lars Larsen 2,3,m 1972 Fadil Abdurahmanović h,s,f 1966 Arthur Madsen (+) Jan Mortensen (+) Brazil Rudolf Prytz (+) 1956 Godefroy J. Martin (+) 1956 Joao B. Santiago (+) Finland 1974 José Figueiredo (+) 1957 Aarne Dunder (+) Felix A. Sonnenfeld (+) Julius Gunst (+) 1989 Mario Figueiredo (+) Jan Hannelius (+) 1990 Caetano Belliboni (+) Visa Kivi (+) 1958 Osmo Kaila (+) Bulgaria Matti Myllyniemi (+) 1956 Vladimir P. Rangelov 3,m Erkki A. Wirtanen (+) 1957 Archavir Tanelian (+) 1966 Antti G. Ojanen (+) 1967 Nicolaj Dimitrov 3,m 1972 Pauli Perkonoja e 1977 Venelin Alaikov (+) 1979 Erkki Heinonen (+) 1982 Ivan N. Ignatiev m,h,s,f 1984 Kauko Virtanen 2 1987 Vladimir Zabunov 2,3 1993 Kari Valtonen h 1989 Petko A. Petkov 3,m,s,h,f France 1957 Pierre Biscay (+)

International Judges 35. Andre Chéron (+) 1967 Willy Popp (+) Damien Grossi (+) 1971 Baldur Kozdon 3,m Vitaly Halberstadt (+) Hans Peter Rehm 3,m,s,h,f Gabriel Leon-Martin (+) 1972 Manfred Zucker 3,m 1958 Gabriel Authier 2 1974 Godehard Murkisch m Roger Diot (+) 1975 Karl Junker (+) 1959 Alphonse Grunenwald (+) 1976 Fritz Hoffmann 2 Roland Lecomte 2,3,m 1979 Dieter Müller 2,3,m,h Jean Oudot (+) 1983 Hans-Dieter Leiss (+) Louis Scotti 2 1985 Günter Büsing h Camil Seneca (+) Hans Gruber e,h,s,f,r,math Charles Wermelinger 3,m. Werner Keym r,math 1965 Pierre Monreal (+) 1986 Stefan Dittrich 2 Jacques Savournin 2 Günter Schiller (+) 1976 Jean Pierre Boyer (+) 1987 Hermann Weissauer 3,m 1978 Yves Cheylan 2 1988 Horst Böttger 3,m Bruno Fargette 3,m Franz Pachl 2,h 1983 Jean Morice 2,3,m Volker Zipf 3,m 1984 Claude Goumondy 3,h 1989 Hemmo Axt 3,m 1986 Francois Fargette m Bernd Ellinghoven m,h,s,f,r 1988 Claude Wiedenhoff 2 1990 Hartmut Laue 3,m,s 1989 Denis Blondel f Gerhard Schoen m,f 1993 Michel Caillaud r 1992 Günter Lauinger r,math 1995 Laurent Joudon 3,m Helmuth Morgenthaler 3 2000 Yves Tallec s,h 1996 Wieland Bruch 2,3 1998 Mirko Degenkolbe 2,3,m Georgia 1999 Markus Manhart h,f 1980 Vazha Neidze e 2000 Udo Degener 2 1993 Velimir Kalandadze e R. Stavariani m Great Britain 1994 David Gurgenidze e 1957 Edward Boswell (+) 1995 Jurij Akobia e G. W. Chandler (+) Cyril S. Kipping (+) Germany Comins Mansfield (+) 1957 Hermann Albrecht (+) Robin C. O. Matthews 3 Josef Breuer (+) E. H. Shaw (+) Herbert Grasemann (+) Erich E. Zepler (+) Gerhard Kaiser (+) 1958 Harold Lommer (+) 1958 Wilhelm Hagemann (+) 1959 A. John Roycroft e Gerhard Latzel (+) 1960 Gerald F. Anderson (+) John Niemann (+) 1961 Hugh F. Blandford (+) Wolfgang Unzicker (+) 1964 Charles E. Kemp (+) Hans Vetter (+) 1966 Arthur R. Gooderson (+) Wolfgang Weber (+) Dennison Nixon (+) 1959 Peter Kniest (+) 1967 Barry P. Barnes 2 Wilhelm Massmann (+) 1972 John M. Rice 2,h,f Werner Speckmann (+) 1974 Colin Vaughan (+) 1962 Herbert Ahues 2 1975 Anthony Dickins (+) Hans Hilmar Staudte (+) Jeremy Morse 2 1964 Karl Fabel (+) 1978 Cedric C. Lytton h,f 1965 Rudolf Leopold (+) 1980 Norman Macleod (+) Michael Schneider (+) 1987 Luciano Citeroni 2 1966 Gerhard W. Jensch (+) 1991 Colin Sydenham 2 Theo Steudel s,h,f 1999 Michael McDowell h

International Judges 36. Greece 1992 Francesco Simoni 2,h 1988 D. N. Kapralos (+) 2001 Mario Parrinello 2,h Byron Zappas 2,3 1990 Harry Fougiaxis h Kirgistan 1998 Valerij Shanshin 2 Hungary 1956 Róbert Darvas (+) Latvia Ferenc Fleck (+) 1956 Alfreds Dombrovskis (+) László Lindner (+) Ödön Nagy (+) Macedonia (Former YUG Republic of Gyula Neukomm (+) Macedonia, FYROM) György Páros (+) 1977 Georgi Hadži-Vaskov (+) László Schór (+) 1979 Živko Janevski s,h Zoltán Zilahi (+) 1990 Nikola Stolev h 1960 Flórián Kovács (+) 1993 Zlatko Mihajloski m 1964 W. Árpád Földeák (+) Bosko Milošeski 2,h 1979 György Bakcsi 2,3,m,s,h,f 2002 Zoran Gavrilovski h Tivadar Kardos (+) József Szöghy (+) The Netherlands 1983 Attila Benedek 2,3,m,s,h 1958 J. J. Burbach (+) 1984 Attila Korányi (+) Pieter ten Cate (+) 2004 László Ányos h Gerardus Drese (+) C. J. de Feijter (+) India Cornelis Goldschmeding (+) 1959 Swaminatha Subrahmanyam (+) Albert M. Koldijk (+) Meindert Niemeijer (+) Indonesia J. Selman Jr. (+) 1977 Touw Hian Bwee 2,3 Geert Smit 2,3,s,h,f Eeltje Visserman (+) Israel 1959 J. H. Marwitz (+) 1956 Efim Ruchlis (+) W. J. G. Mees 2,e 1959 Zvi Hashavit (+) 1964 Henk le Grand 2,3,m,h 1964 Milu Milescu (+) Piet le Grand 2,3,m,s,h,f Josef Retter 2 Jacobus Haring (+) Yeshayahu Segenreich (+) 1985 Frank Visbeen (+) 1978 Hillel Aloni e 1989 Jan van Reek e Uri Avner 2,3,s,h 1993 Henk Prins 2 Shlomo Seider (+) 2001 Harold van der Heijden e 1980 Raffi Ruppin 3,s 1982 Aaron Hirschenson 2 Norway 1983 Mordechay Shorek h 1957 David Hjelle (+) 1987 Theodor Tauber 3,s,f 1966 Nils G. G. van Dijk (+) 1988 Yochanan Afek e 1999 Paz Einat 2,3 Poland 2003 Amatzia Avni e 1956 Tadaeusz Czarnecki (+) Saturnin Limbach (+) Italy Marian Wróbel (+) 1956 Adriano Chicco (+) 1959 Jan Rusek (+) Ottavio Stocchi (+) 1960 Grzegorz Grzeban (+) 1969 Umberto Castellari (+) Mieczyslav Pfeiffer (+) 1972 Oscar Bonivento 2,3 1967 B. Eugeniusz Iwanow 2,3,s Gino Mentasti (+) 1971 Wladyslaw Rosolak (+) 1985 Mario Camorani (+) 1974 Leopold Szwedowski 2,3,m,s Giorgio Mirri (+) 1983 Jan Rusinek e 1988 Rosario Notaro 2 1988 Waldemar Tura 2,3,s,f

International Judges 37. 2000 Ryszard Kapica s 1987 Karol Mlynka 2 1988 Zoltán Labai 2,3 Romania 2000 Juraj Lörinc h,f 1956 Paul Farago (+) Paul Leibovici (+) Slovenia Leon Löwenton (+) 1977 Ljubomir Ugren m,s,h 1958 Emilian Dobrescu 2 1984 Marko Klasinc s,h,f,r Anatole F. Ianovcic (+) Virgil Nestorescu 2,e Spain Radu Voia (+) 1957 Antonio F. Argüelles (+) 1974 Eugen Rusenescu (+) J. Mandil (+) 1978 Iosif Grosu (+) J. P. Peris (+) 1982 Mircea M. Manolescu (+) E. Puig Ambros (+) 1989 Paul Joita (+) J. Z. Zaldo (+) 2000 Neculai Chivu s,h 1960 Carlos Lafora (+) 2001 Valerio Petrovici 2,s 1965 J. Garcia Llamas (+) 2004 Nicolai Micu e Francisco Salazar (+) 1966 Rafael Candela Sanz (+) Russian Federation Efrén Petite 2,3 1956 Jurij Averbakh e Mikhail Botvinnik (+) Sweden Alexandr Guljajev (Grin) (+) 1956 Alexander Hildebrand (+) Alexandr Kazantsev (+) Herbert Hultberg (+) Leonid I. Zagorujko (+) Gustav Jönsson 2 1957 Vasilij Smyslov e Jan Knöppel (+) 1961 David Bronstein (+) Bror Larsson (+) 1965 Viktor I. Chepizhnij 2,3,s Frithjof Lindgren (+) Anatolij Kuznetsov (+) Helmer Ternblad (+) Jakov Vladimirov 3,m Allan Werle (+) 1971 Leopold Mitrofanov (+) Axel Åkerblom (+) 1984 Jurij Sushkov 2 1966 Bo Lindgren 2,3,m,s,h 1987 Andrej Lobusov 2,3,m 1984 Kjell Widlert 3,m,s,h,f,r Alexandr Maximovskij e 1989 Anders Uddgren h,f,r 1989 Vjacheslav Kopajev (+) 1992 Bengt Ingre (+) Nikita Plaksin r 1994 Alexandr Feoktistov m Switzerland 1997 Vladimir Kozhakin 3 1957 Hans Ott (+) 1998 Jurij Fokin 2 Alfred Sutter (+) Arkadij Khait + 1959 Samuel Isenegger (+) Igor Vereshchagin r 1960 Karl Flatt (+) 1999 Valerij Barsukov h 1977 Werner Issler 2 Anatolij Slesarenko 2 1985 Hans Schudel (+) 2000 Andrej Selivanov s 1989 Roland Baier 3,h,f 2004 Vladimir Zheltonozhko 2 1999 Thomas Maeder h,f 2005 Jakov Rossomakho 2,3 Ukraine Serbia 1960 Valentin Rudenko 2,3,m 1997 Milan Velimirović 2,3 1966 Filip Bondarenko (+) 1989 Marjan Kovačević 2 1984 Viktor Melnichenko 2 1997 Mikhail Marandjuk 3,m Slovakia 1998 Jurij Gordian s 1956 Ľudovít Lačný 2 2003 Roman Zalokotskij h Alexander Pituk (+) 2004 Vasil Djatschuk 2 1966 Bedrich Formánek 2,3,m,h,s,f Yevgeni Reitsen h 1971 Juraj Brabec 2 Sergej N. Tkachenko e

International Judges 38. U.S.A. Abram S. Gurvich (+) 1956 Julius Buchwald (+) Rafael Kofman (+) Vincent I. Eaton (+) Vladimir Koroljkov (+) N. Gabor (+) Lev Loshinskij (+) Eric M. Hassberg (+) Boris Sakharov (+) Edgar Holladay (+) Vladimir Shif (+) 1957 Robert Burger 2 Evgenij Umnov (+) Richard Cheney (+) 1957 Paul Keres (+) Kenneth Howard (+) 1959 Alexej Kopnin (+) W. Jacobs (+) 1960 Gia Nadareishvili (+) 1958 Newman Guttman 2 1961 Alexandr Baturin (+) Vaux Wilson (+) 1965 Avenir Popandopulo (+) 1964 Walter Korn (+) 1966 Alexandr Kuznetsov (+) 1987 David Brown 2,h,f 1967 Vitold Jakimchik (+) Toma Garai h 1968 Alexandr Kozlov (+)

U.S.S.R. Yugoslavia 1956 Vladimir Bron (+) 1956 Nenad Petrović (+) Vitalij Chekhover (+) 1972 Branco Pavlović (+) Alexandr Gerbstman (+) 1977 Petar Ivanić (+) Tigran Gorgiev (+)

International Judges 39. INTERNATIONAL SOLVING GRANDMASTERS

1982 Pauli Perkonoja (Finland) 1998 Ram Soffer (Israel) 1984 Kari Valtonen (Finland) 1999 Jorma Paavilainen (Finland) Milan Velimirović (Yugoslavia) 2000 Boris Tummes (Germany) 1985 Ofer Comay (Israel) 2001 Noam Elkies (Israel) 1988 Roland Baier (Switzerland) 2002 Michel Caillaud (France) Marjan Kovačević (Yugoslavia) Graham Lee (Great Britain) Arno Zude (Germany) Piotr Murdzia (Poland) 1991 Georgij Evsejev (Russian Fed.) 2004 John Nunn (Great Britain) 1993 Michael Pfannkuche (Germany) Dolf Wissmann (Netherlands) 1997 Jonathan Mestel (Great Britain) Sergej Rumjantsev (Russian Fed.)

INTERNATIONAL SOLVING MASTERS

1982 Karel Angelov (Bulgaria) 1995 Miodrag Mladenović (Serbia) Uri Avner (Israel) Jorma Paavilainen (Finland) Hemmo Axt (Germany) 1996 Alexandr Azhusin (Russian Fed.) Roland Baier (Switzerland) Noam Elkies (Israel) Ofer Comay (Israel) Marc Erenburg (Israel) Marjan Kovačević (Yugoslavia) 1997 Tadashi Wakashima (Japan) Milan Velimirović (Yugoslavia) 1999 Piotr Murdzia (Poland) Jakov Vladimirov (Russian Fed.) Boris Tummes (Germany) 1983 Kari Valtonen (Finland) 2000 Valerij Kopyl (Ukraine) Arno Zude (Germany) 2002 Eddy van Beers (Belgium) 1984 Michael Pfannkuche (Germany) Peter van den Heuvel (Netherlands) 1985 Frank Visbeen (Netherlands +) Herbert Lang (Germany) Garen Yacoubian (France) Markus Ott (Switzerland) 1986 Graham Lee (Great Britain) Ladislav Salai jr. (Slovakia) Jonathan Mestel (Great Britain) Henry Tanner (Finland) Kjell Widlert (Sweden) 2003 Michal Dragoun (Czechia) 1987 Michel Caillaud (France) Eric Huber (Romania) 1988 David Friedgood (Great Britain) Thomas Maeder (Switzerland) 1991 John Nunn (Great Britain) Bogusz Piliczewski (Poland) Sergej Rumjantsev (Russian Fed.) Vladimir Pogorelov (Ukraine) 1993 Harri Hurme (Finland) 2004 Kostas Prentos (Greece) Jacques Rotenberg (France) 2006 Vladimir Podinić (Serbia) Andrej Selivanov (Russian Fed.) Ram Soffer (Israel) Dolf Wissmann (Netherlands)

Solving Grandmasters, International Masters and FIDE Masters 40. FIDE SOLVING MASTERS

1997 Alexandr Feoktistov (Russian Fed.) 2003 Eric Huber (Romania) Boris Gusev (Russian Fed. +) Marko Klasinc (Slovenia) Piotr Murdzia (Poland) Srecko Radović (Serbia) Vladimir Pogorelov (Ukraine) Ronald Schäfer (Germany) Boris Tummes (Germany) Ľubomír Širáň (Slovakia) Mitja Ukmar (Slovenia) 2004 Vladimir Blokhin (Russia Fed.) Tadashi Wakashima (Japan) Valerij Krivenko (Ukraine) 1998 Valerij Kopyl (Ukraine) Colin McNab (Great Britain) 1999 Michal Dragoun (Czechia) Anatolij Mukoseev (Russian Fed.) Marek Kolčák (Slovakia) Oleg Pervakov (Russian Fed.) 2000 Peter Gvozdják (Slovakia) Vladimir Podinić (Serbia) Peter van den Heuvel (Netherlands) Kohey Yamada (Japan) Kari Karhunen (Finland) 2005 Yohanan Afek (Israel) Ladislav Salai jr. (Slovakia) Vlaicu Crisan (Romania) Valerij Semenenko (Ukraine) Alexandr Leontjev (Russian Fed.) Axel Steinbrinck (Germany) Dmitrij Pletnev (Russian Fed.) Hans Uitenbroek (Netherlands) 2006 Johan de Boer (Netherland) 2001 Eddy van Beers (Belgium) Alexej Lebedev (Russian Fed.) David Gurgenidze (Georgia) Vladimir Lipovskij (Russian Fed.) Michael McDowell (Great Britain) Joose Norri (Finland) Wilfried Neef (Germany) Jacek Stopa (Poland) 2002 Emil Klemanič (Slovakia) Bojan Vučković (Serbia) Thomas Maeder (Switzerland) Bogusz Piliczewski (Poland) Zbigniew Szczep (Poland)

Solving FIDE Masters 41. INTERNATIONAL TITLES

Abbreviations: 2, 3, m direct twomovers, threemovers, GM Grandmaster of the FIDE for chess moremovers compositions e endgame studies IM International Master of the FIDE for s, h, f, math, r selfmates, helpmates, fairies, chess compositions mathematical, retro FM FIDE Master for chess compositions Solving GM International Solving Grandmaster of HM Honorary Master of Chess the FIDE Composition Solving IM International Solving Master of the IJ International Judge of the FIDE for FIDE chess compositions Solving FM FIDE Master in Solving + deceased Solving WC World Champion in Chess Solving

Solving Name Country GM IM FM HM IJ Types GM IM FM WC Abdurahmanović Fadil Bosnia&Hercegovina 92 80 72 h,s,f Afek Yochanan Israel 89 88 e Agapov Igor Russian Federation 05 Ahues Herbert Germany 89 76 62 2 Akobija Jurij Georgia 95 e Alaikov Venelin + Bulgaria 93 88 77 Albrecht Hermann + Germany 57 Aloni Hillel Israel 93 78 e Anderson Gerald + Great Britain 75 60 Angelov Karel Bulgaria 82 Antonov Jurij Bulgaria 93 Ányos László Hungary 04 h Apró László Hungary 90 Arestov Pavel Russian Federation 01 Argüelles Antonio + Spain 86 57 Aschwanden Reto Switzerland 05 Authier Gabriel France 58 2 Averbakh Jurij Russian Federation 56 e Avner Uri Israel 93 90 78 2,3,s,h 82 Avni Amatzia Israel 01 03 e Axt Hemmo Germany 89 3,m 82 Azhusin Alexandr Russian Federation 96 Baier Roland Switzerland 92 89 3,h,f 88 82 83 Bakcsi György Hungary 80 67 79 2,3,m,s,h,f Bakharev Alexandr Russian Federation 05 04 Bakke Nils Norway 90 Bannyj Dmitrij + Russian Federation 90 Barnes Barry Great Britain 67 67 2 Barsukov Valerij Russian Federation 99 h Bartolović Hrvoje + Croatia 80 67 56 Baturin Alexandr + USSR 61 Bazlov Jurij Russian Federation 90 Bebesi Gyula + Hungary 90 Bedoni Romeo France 90 Beers Eddy van Belgium 02 01 Belenkij Alexej + USSR 90 Belliboni Caetano + Brazil 90 Benedek Attila Hungary 90 83 2,3,m,s,h Benko Pal USA 95 90 Biscay Pierre + France 57 Blanford Hugh F. + Great Britain 61 Blondel Denis France 89 f Bogdanov Evgenij Ukraine 89 Bondarenko Filip Ukraine 79 66 e

Titles 42. Solving Name Country GM IM FM HM IJ Types GM IM FM WC Bonivento Oscar Italy 72 2,3 Boswell E. + Great Britain 57 Botvinnik Mikhail Russian Federation 56 e Boyer Jean Pierre + France 90 76 Brabec Juraj Slovakia 96 90 71 2 Brada Jaroslav + 98 Brehmer Siegfried + Germany 90 Breuer Josef + Germany 73 57 Bron Vladimir + USSR 76 66 56 Bronstein David + Russian Federation 61 Brown David USA 87 2,h,f Bruch Wieland Germany 04 01 96 2,3 Buchwald Julius + USA 56 Buňka Vladislav Czechia 97 s,h,e Burbach Johannes Jacob + Netherlands 90 58 Burger Robert USA 04 57 2 Büsing Günter Germany 85 h Böttger Horst Germany 88 3,m Caillaud Michel France 93 89 93 r 02 87 87 00 Camorani Mario + Italy 85 Candela Sanz Rafael Spain 66 f Casa Alex France 80 Castellari Umberto + Italy 69 Cate Pieter ten Netherlands 73 58 2 Chandler G. W. + Great Britain 57 Chekhover Vitalij A. + USSR 61 56 Cheney Richard + USA 57 Chepizhnij Viktor I. Russian Federation 89 69 65 2,3,s Chéron André + Switzerland 59 57 Cheylan Yves France 89 78 2 Chicco Adriano + Italy 67 56 Chivu Neculai Romania 00 s,h Chlubna Friedrich + Austria 79 71 Citeroni Luciano Great Britain 87 2 Comay Ofer Israel 85 82 85 99 Costeff Gady Israel 04 Csák János Hungary 05 96 Cseh Gábor + Hungary 04 Czarnecki Tadaeusz + Poland 56 Darvas Róbert + Hungary 56 Davidenko Fedor Russian Federation 93 90 Dedrle František + ČSFR 56 Degener Udo Germany 05 95 90 00 2 Dickins Anthony + Great Britain 75 Dijk Nils G. G. van + Norway 61 66 Dimitrov Nikolaj Bulgaria 67 3,m Diot Roger + France 58 Dittmann Wolfgang Germany 93 Dittrich Stefan Germany 05 90 86 2 Dobrescu Emilian Romania 89 80 58 2 Dolgov Vasilij Russian Federation 90 Dombrovskis Alfreds + Latvia 89 56 Dorogov Jurij + USSR 90 Doukhan Gérard France 98 Dragoun Michal Czechia 05 03 99 Drese Gerardus + Netherlands 73 58 Dunder Aarne + Finland 57 Dyachuk Vasyl Ukraine 05 04

Titles 43. Solving Name Country GM IM FM HM IJ Types GM IM FM WC Eaton V. I. + USA 56 Eberle St. + Austria 57 Einat Paz Israel 04 99 2,3 Eisert Stephan Germany 90 Elkies Noam Israel 01 96 96 Ellerman Arnoldo + Argentina 59 56 Ellinghoven Bernd Germany 05 96 89 m,h,s,f,r Erenburg Mark Israel 96 Erochin Vladimir + Russian Federation 89 Evreinov Viktor + USSR 90 Evsejev Georgij Russian Federation 91 89 89 91 Fabel Karl + Germany 67 64 Farago Paul + Romania 56 Fargette Bruno France 90 78 3,m Fargette Francois France 86 m Fasher Eliahu + Israel 98 Feijter C. J. de + Netherlands 58 Feoktistov Alexandr Russian Federation 80 94 m 97 Figueiredo Jose + Brazil 74 Figueiredo Mario + Brazil 89 Flatt Karl + Switzerland 60 Fleck Ferenc Hungary 90 88 56 2,3,m Formánek Bedrich Slovakia 90 66 2,3,m,h,s,f Fossum Andre + Norway 80 Fougiaxis Harry Greece 01 92 90 h Friedgood David Great Britain 88 Fritz Jindřich + ČSFR 76 66 56 Frolkin Andrej Ukraine 01 Fröberg Hilding + Sweden 90 Földeák W. Árpád + Hungary 64 Gabor N. + USA 56 Gamnitzer Camillo Austria 01 93 Gandev Krasimir Bulgaria 88 Garai Toma USA 96 89 87 h Garcia Llamas J. + Spain 65 Gavrilovski Zoran Macedonia 04 02 h Gebelt Vaclav + Belarus 77 59 Gerbstman Alexandr + USSR 59 56 Gleuher Thierry le France 05 Gockel Hubert Germany 01 93 Goldschmeding Cornelis + Netherlands 88 71 58 2,3,m,s,h Gooderson Arthur R. + Great Britain 66 Gorbatenko Jurij Russian Federation 01 Gordian Jurij Ukraine 95 90 Gorgiev Tigran + USSR 69 56 Goumondy Claude France 84 79 84 3,h Grand Henk le Netherlands 04 64 2,3,m,h Grand Piet le Netherlands 64 2,3,m,s,h,f Grasemann Herbert + Germany 57 Groenevald Cornelius + Netherlands 90 Gross Erwin + Germany 90 Grossi Damien + France 57 Grosu Iosif Romania 78 e Gruber Hans Germany 85 e,h,s,f,r,math Grunenwald Alphonse + France 59 Grzeban Grzegorz + Poland 87 60 Guljajev (Grin) Alexandr + Russian Federation 88 73 56 01 Gunst Julius + Finland 57

Titles 44. Solving Name Country GM IM FM HM IJ Types GM IM FM WC Gurgenidze David Georgia 90 80 94 e Gurov Valerij Russian Federation 05 Gurvich Abram + USSR 56 Gusev Boris + Russian Federation 97 Guttman Newman USA 58 2 Gvozdják Peter Slovakia 01 97 00 Hadži-Vaskov Georgi + Macedonia 77 Hagemann Wilhelm + Germany 58 Halberstadt Vitaly + France 57 Halumbirek Josef + Austria 57 Hannelius Jan + Finland 77 57 Hannemann Knud + Denmark 73 Haring Jacobus + Netherlands 90 68 64 Hartong Jan + Netherlands 59 Hashavit Zvi + Israel 59 Hassberg Eric M. + USA 56 Havel Miroslav + ČSFR 56 Haymann Jean Israel 96 90 Heijden Harold van der Netherlands 01 e Heinonen Erkki + Finland 79 Heinonen Unto Finland 04 92 90 Hernitz Zvonimir Croatia 90 58 2,3,m,s,h,f Herzberg Michael Germany 04 Heuvel Peter van den Netherlands 02 00 Hildebrand Alexander + Sweden 77 56 Hirschenson Aaron Israel 04 82 2 Hjelle David + Norway 57 Hladík František + ČSFR 56 Hlinka Michal Slovakia 04 Hoch Yehuda Israel 92 90 Hoffmann Fritz Germany 90 76 2 Hoffmann Martin Switzerland 01 Holladay Edgar + USA 77 56 Howard Kenneth + USA 57 Huber Eric Romania 03 03 Hultberg Herbert Sweden 90 56 2,3,m,h,f Hurme Harri Finland 93 Hynönen Veikko + Finland 92 Ianovcic Anatole F. + Romania 58 Ignatiev Ivan N. Bulgaria 82 m,h,s,f Ingre Bengt + Sweden 92 Isenegger S. + Switzerland 59 Issler Werner Switzerland 77 2 Ivanić Petar + Yugoslavia 77 Iwanow B. Eugeniusz Poland 98 67 2,3,s Jacobs W. + USA 57 Jahn Günther + Germany 01 Jakimchik Vitold + USSR 67 Janevski Živko Macedonia 96 89 79 s,h Jaroslavcev Arkadij Russian Federation 90 Jensch Gerhard W. + Germany 66 Johandl Alois + Austria 71 66 Joita Paul Romania 89 e Jones Christopher Great Britain 05 Jonsson Christer Sweden 01 Joudon Laurent France 95 3,m Junker Karl + Germany 75 Jönsson Gustav Sweden 90 56 2

Titles 45. Solving Name Country GM IM FM HM IJ Types GM IM FM WC Jörgensen Walther + Denmark 76 56 Kaila Osmo + Finland 90 58 Kaiser Gerhard + Germany 57 Kalandadze Velimir Georgia 84 93 e Kapica Ryszard Poland 00 s Kapralos Dimitri N. + Greece 88 Kapros Jorge Argentina 04 Kapusta Viktor Ukraine 05 Kardos Tivadar + Hungary 90 79 Karhunen Kari Finland 00 Kárpáti Aurél + USA 88 Karpov Valerij + Russian Federation 90 Kasparjan Genrich M. + Armenia 72 60 56 Katsnelson Leonard Russian Federation 88 Kazantsev Alexandr + Russian Federation 75 56 Keller Michael Germany 95 84 Kemp Charles E. + Great Britain 64 Keres Paul + USSR 57 Keym Werner Germany 85 r,math Kipping Cyril S. + Great Britain 59 57 Kisis Imants Latvia 90 Kisljak Olexandr Ukraine 04 95 Kiss Ivan Slovakia 90 Kiss János + Hungary 90 88 Kivi Visa + Finland 90 57 Klasinc Marko Slovenia 84 s,h,f,r 03 Klemanič Emil Slovakia 04 02 Klüver Hans + Germany 87 Kniest Peter Germany 75 59 f Knuppert Hugo + Denmark 90 Knöppel Jan Sweden 73 56 2,3,m,h,f Kofman Rafael + USSR 73 56 Kolčák Marek Slovakia 99 Koldijk A. M. Netherlands 91 58 2,3,m,s,h,f Kolesnikov Evgenij Russian Federation 05 Kopajev Vjacheslav Russian Federation 92 89 2,m Kopnin Alexej + USSR 75 59 Kopyl Valerij Ukraine 00 98 Korányi Attila + Hungary 88 84 Korn Walter USA 64 e Koroljkov Vladimir + USSR 76 65 56 Korponai József + Hungary 84 Kos Vladimír + Czechia 01 91 Kotěšovec Václav Czechia 05 96 Kovačević Marjan Serbia 97 90 89 2 88 82 Kovács Flórian + Hungary 60 Kovalenko Vitalij Russian Federation 90 Kozdon Baldur Germany 79 71 3,m Kozhakin Vladimir Russian Federation 97 3 Kozlov Alexandr + USSR 68 Kralin Nikolaj Russian Federation 05 88 Krikheli Iosif + USSR 84 71 Kuznetsov Anatolij + Russian Federation 80 65 Kuznetsov Alexandr + USSR 73 66 Kuznetsov Mikhail Russian Federation 90 Kuzovkov Alexandr Moldova 95 89 Kwiatkowski Marek Poland 01 Labai Zoltán Slovakia 04 90 88 2,3

Titles 46. Solving Name Country GM IM FM HM IJ Types GM IM FM WC Lačný Ľudovít Slovakia 05 90 56 2 Lafora Carlos R. + Spain 60 Lang Herbert Germany 02 Larsen K. A. K. + Denmark 56 Larsen Lars Denmark 73 59 2,3,m Larsson Bror + Sweden 56 Latzel Gerhard + Germany 75 58 Laue Hartmut Germany 93 90 s Lauinger Günter Germany 92 r,math Lauritzen O. G. + Denmark 56 Lecomte Roland France 59 2,3,m Lee Graham Great Britain 02 86 Leibovici Paul + Romania 56 Leiss Hans-Dieter + Germany 83 Lehen Ľudovít Slovakia 05 Leon-Martin Gabriel + France 57 Leopold Rudolf + Germany 65 Lepuschütz Hans + Austria 66 57 Lewandowski Andrzej Poland 92 Lider Valentin Russian Federation 90 Limbach Saturnin + Poland 56 Lindgren Bo Sweden 80 65 66 2,3,m,s,h Lindgren Frithiof + Sweden 56 Lindner László + Hungary 84 56 Linss Torsten Germany 04 96 Lipton Michael Great Britain 76 Livshits Eduard Ukraine 71 Lobusov Andrej Russian Federation 93 88 87 2,3,m Lois Jorge J. Argentina 05 96 Lommer Harold + Great Britain 74 58 Loshinskij Lev I. + USSR 72 60 56 Loustau Jean Marc France 01 92 90 Lukjanov Valentin + Ukraine 93 90 Lytton Cedric C. Great Britain 78 h,f Lörinc Juraj Slovakia 05 00 h,f Löwenton Leon + Romania 56 Macleod Norman + Great Britain 93 84 80 Madsen Arthur + Denmark 66 Maeder Thomas Switzerland 99 h,f 03 02 Makaronez Leonid Israel 04 Maleika Gerhard Germany 01 Mandil J. + Spain 57 Mandler Artur + ČSFR 66 56 Manhart Markus Germany 04 99 h,f Manolescu Mircea M. + Romania 92 82 Mansfield Comins + Great Britain 72 59 57 Marandjuk Mikhail Ukraine 01 89 97 3,m Marker Jurij Russian Federation 05 Markovskij Grigorij Russian Federation 90 Martin Godefroy J. + Brazil 56 Marwitz Jan H. + Netherlands 90 59 Maslar Zdravko Germany 01 92 Massmann Wilhelm + Germany 59 Mátouš Mario Czechia 90 Matthews Robin C. O. Great Britain 65 57 3 Maximovskij Alexandr Russian Federation 90 87 e Mazul Waldemar + Poland 05 McDowell Michael Great Britain 99 h 01

Titles 47. Solving Name Country GM IM FM HM IJ Types GM IM FM WC Mees W. J. G. Netherlands 59 2,e Melnichenko Viktor Ukraine 89 84 2 Mentasti Gino + Italy 89 72 Mestel Jonathan Great Britain 97 86 97 Micu Nikolae Romania 95 Mihajlovski Slatko Macedonia 93 m Mikan Ilja + ČSFR 71 58 Mikholap Alexandr Belarus 04 m,s Milescu Milu + Israel 64 Milošeski Bosko Macedonia 93 2,h Mintz Jakob Israel 97 Mirri Giorgio + Italy 99 85 Mitrofanov Leopold + Russian Federation 80 71 Mladenović Miodrag Serbia 92 90 95 Mlynka Karol Slovakia 90 87 2 Mochalkin Alexandr + Russian Federation 97 Molnár Árpád Hungary 04 Monreal Pierre + France 65 Morgenthaler Helmuth Germany 92 3 Morice Jean France 96 83 2,3,m Morse Jeremy Great Britain 06 75 2 Mortensen Jan + Denmark 66 Moutecidis Paul Greece 84 Müller Dieter Germany 92 90 79 2,3,m,h Murdzia Piotr Poland 02 99 97 02 05 06 Murkisch Godehard Germany 90 74 m Musante Horatio L. + Argentina 65 Myllyniemi Matti + Finland 76 58 Nadareishvili Gia + USSR 80 69 60 Nagy Ödön + Hungary 56 Nascimento Rui Portugal 00 Neidze Vazha Georgia 89 80 e Nešić Milivoj + Serbia 04 Nestorescu Virgil Romania 01 80 58 2,e Neukomm Gyula + Hungary 56 Niemann John + Germany 86 58 Niemeijer Meindert + Netherlands 75 58 Nixon Dennison Great Britain 66 f Notaro Rosario Italy 88 2 Nunn John Great Britain 91 04 Ojanen Antti G. + Finland 66 Olympiev Bronislav Russian Federation 92 Ott Hans + Switzerland 57 Ott Markus Switzerland 02 Oudot Jean + France 59 Paavilainen Jorma Finland 99 95 01 01 Pachl Franz Germany 05 89 88 2,h Pachman Vladimír + ČSFR 76 60 56 Papack Daniel Germany 05 Páros György + Hungary 76 65 56 Parrinello Mario Italy 05 96 01 2,h Parthasarathy M. India 90 Pavlović Branco + Yugoslavia 72 Peris J. P. + Spain 57 Perkonoja Pauli Finland 69 72 e 82 86 92 95 Persson Manne Sweden 92 90 Pervakov Oleg Russian Federation 05 95 92 Petite Efrén Spain 66 2,3

Titles 48. Solving Name Country GM IM FM HM IJ Types GM IM FM WC Petkov Petko A. Bulgaria 84 77 89 2,3,m,s,h,f Petrović Nenad + Yugoslavia 76 65 56 Petrovici Valerio Romania 01 2,s Pfannkuche Michael Germany 93 84 88 93 Pfeiffer Mieczyslav + Poland 60 Piatesi Antonio + Italy 86 Pilchenko Vjacheslav Russian Federation 04 93 Piliczewski Bogusz Poland 03 02 Pituk Alexander + Slovakia 90 88 56 Plaksin Nikita Russian Federation 01 89 r Pogorelov Vladimir Ukraine 03 97 Pogosjanc Ernest + USSR 88 69 Poisson Christian France 01 Popandopulo Avenir + USSR 84 65 Popp Willy + Germany 67 Postnikov Olexandr Ukraine 01 Prins Henk Netherlands 97 90 93 2 Prokeš Ladislav + ČSFR 56 Prokop František J. + ČSFR 56 Prytz Rud + Denmark 66 Pugachev Sergej + USSR 90 Puig Ambros E. + Spain 57 Radović Srecko Serbia 03 Rangelov Vladimir P. Bulgaria 56 3,m Rasch Nielsen P. + Denmark 56 Reek Jan van Netherlands 89 e Reeves Christopher Great Britain 90 Rehm Hans Peter Germany 84 68 71 3,m,s,h,f Retter Josef Israel 88 64 2 Rice John M. Great Britain 69 72 2,h,f Rinder Gerd Germany 90 Rittirsch Manfred Germany 01 Rjabinin Nikolaj Russian Federation 04 95 Robert Philippe France 05 Rosolak Wladyslaw Poland 71 s Rossomakho Jakov Russian Federation 98 Rotenberg Jacques France 01 93 Roycroft A. John Great Britain 59 e Ruchlis Efim + Israel 90 56 Rudenko Valentin Ukraine 80 61 60 2,3,m Rumjantsev Sergej Russian Federation 97 91 Ruppin Raffi Israel 80 3,s Rusek Jan + Poland 76 59 Rusenescu Eugen + Romania 74 Rusinek Jan Poland 92 84 83 e Ruszczyński Piotr Poland 88 Röpke Vilhelm + Denmark 56 Sakharov Boris + USSR 56 Sakharov Sergej Russian Federation 01 Salazar Francisco + Spain 84 65 Salai Ladislav jr. Slovakia 05 02 00 Sammelius Carel J. R. Netherlands 69 Santiago J. B. + Brazil 56 Sarichev Alexandr + USSR 79 Savournin Jacques France 90 65 2 Schauer Bernhard + Germany 93 90 Schiller Günter + Germany 86 Schmitz Hans Heinrich + Germany 90

Titles 49. Solving Name Country GM IM FM HM IJ Types GM IM FM WC Schneider Michael + Germany 79 65 Schneider Stefan + Austria 74 Schneider Vilmos + Hungary 79 Schoen Gerhard Germany 90 n,f Schór László + Hungary 56 Schudel Hans Switzerland 85 3,h Schäfer Ronald Germany 03 Scotti Louis France 59 2 Segenreich Yeshayahu + Israel 64 Seider Shlomo + Israel 85 78 Selivanov Andrej Russian Federation 04 00 s 93 03 Selman Jr. J. + Netherlands 58 Semenenko Valerij Ukraine 00 Seneca Camil + France 59 Shankar Ram Narajan India 92 90 Shanshin Valerij Kirgistan 97 93 Shavyrin Valerij Russian Federation 05 Shaw E. H. + Great Britain 57 Shedej Sergej Ukraine 84 Shif Vladimir + USSR 56 Shorek Mordechay Israel 83 h Sichev Vladimir Belorussia 95 Siers Theodor + Germany 90 Simoni Francesco Italy 01 92 2,h Šindelář Miroslav Czechia 90 88 3,m Siotis Nikos Greece 01 Širáň Ľubomír Slovakia 03 Slesarenko Anatolij Russian Federation 97 99 2 Smedley Donald Great Britain 01 Smit Geert Netherlands 58 2,3,s,h,f Smits Gerard Netherlands 90 Smotrov Sergej Kazakhstan 05 Smulders Kurt Belgium 94 Smyslov Vasilij Russian Federation 57 e Sochnev Alexandr Russian Federation 95 92 Soffer Ram Israel 98 93 Sonnenfeld Felix A. + Brazil 90 74 Soroka Ivan Ukraine 04 93 Soukup-Bardon Břetislav + ČSFR 57 Sovík Štefan Slovakia 05 93 Speckmann Werner + Germany 67 59 Sphicas George USA 05 96 Staudte Hans Hilmar + Germany 62 Steinbrinck Axel Germany 00 Steudel Theodor Germany 90 66 s,h,f Stjopochkin Anatolij Russian Federation Stocchi Ottavio + Italy 56 Stolev Nikola Macedonia 90 h Subrahmanyam S. + India 59 Šulc Jindřich + Czechia 60 Sushkov Jurij Russian Federation 89 84 2 Sutter Alfred + Switzerland 57 Sychev Vladimir Belarus 01 2,3 Sydenham Colin Great Britain 01 90 91 2 Syzonenko Viktor Ukraine 01 90 Szabó Tibor Hungary 90 Szczep Zbigniew Poland 02 Szwedowski Leopold Poland 79 74 2,3,m,s

Titles 50. Solving Name Country GM IM FM HM IJ Types GM IM FM WC Szöghy József + Hungary 90 79 Tallec Yves France 00 s,h Tanielian Archavir + Bulgaria 57 Tanner Henry Finland 02 Tauber Theodor Israel 87 3,s,f Tavariani Revaz + Georgia 95 93 Ternblad Helmer Sweden 56 2,h,f Timonin Vladimir Russian Federation 95 Tjavlovskij Vitalij Russian Federation 71 Tkachenko Sergej N. Ukraine 05 04 Tominić Ivo Croatia 90 Touw Hian Bwee Indonesia 84 77 77 2,3 Tribowski Marcel Germany 04 01 Trillon Jean-Michel France 90 Trommler Sven Germany 05 Tummes Boris Germany 00 99 97 Tura Waldemar Poland 01 69 88 2,3,s,f Udartsev Valentin Russian Federation 95 Uddgren Anders Sweden 89 h,f,r Ugren Ljubomir Slovenia 77 m,s,h Uitenbroek Hans Nederlands 00 Ukmar Mitja Slovenia 97 Umnov Evgenij + USSR 75 56 Umnov German Russian Federation 90 Unzicker Wolfgang Germany 58 e Valtonen Kari Finland 93 h 84 83 84 Valuška Ján Slovakia 88 Vasilenko Andrej Ukraine 98 Vaughan Colin + Great Britain 92 74 Velimirović Milan Serbia 84 77 2,3 84 82 Vetter Hans + Germany 58 Virtanen Kauko Finland 84 2 Visbeen Frank Netherlands 85 2 85 Visserman Eeltje + Netherlands 72 61 58 Vladimirov Jakov Russian Federation 88 67 65 3,m 82 Vladimirov Vjacheslav Russian Federation 05 Voia Radu + Romania 58 Vukcevich Milan + USA 88 79 Wakashima Tadashi Japan 97 Weber Wolfgang + Germany 58 Weissauer Hermann Germany 87 3,m Wenda Jan + ČSFR 56 Wenda Klaus Austria 89 68 3,m,s,f Werle A. Sweden 56 e Wermelinger Charles France 59 3,m Widlert Kjell Sweden 92 90 84 3,m,s,h,f,r 86 Wiedenhoff Claude France 90 88 2 Wilson Vaux + USA 58 Wirtanen Erkki A. + Finland 79 58 Wissmann Dolf Netherlands 93 Wong Peter Australia 05 Wotawa Alois + Austria 66 57 Wróbel Marian + Poland 56 Yacoubian Garen France 85 Zabunov Vladimir Bulgaria 90 87 2,3 Zagorujko Leonid + Russian Federation 61 56 Zajic Helmut Austria 81 2,h,s Zaldo J. Z. + Spain 57

Titles 51. Solving Name Country GM IM FM HM IJ Types GM IM FM WC Zalokotskij Roman Ukraine 90 03 h Zappas Byron Greece 93 84 88 2,3 Zarur Almiro Brazil 92 Zeller Jean + France 91 Zepler Erich E. + Great Britain 73 57 Zidek Alexander Austria 04 Zilahi Zoltán + Hungary 56 Zipf Volker Germany 04 88 3,m Zirkwitz Thorsten Germany 04 Zhuravlev Andrej Russian Federation 06 Zlatić Savo Croatia 99 58 f Zucker Manfred Germany 90 72 3,m,s Zude Arno Germany 88 83 Åkerblom Axel + Sweden 67 56

Titles 52. WORLD CHESS SOLVING CHAMPIONSHIP (WCSC) TOURNEYS

Place Country Time Teams Winner Individual world champion 1 Malinska Yugoslavia 9.–10.9.1977 9 Finland 2 Canterbury England 3.–4.9.1978 13 Finland 3 Hyvinkää Finland 12.–13.7.1979 9 F.R. Germany 4 Bled Yugoslavia 3.–4.9.1980 10 Israel 5 Arnhem Netherlands 11.–12.8.1981 13 Finland 6 Varna Bulgaria 10.–11.9.1982 9 Yugoslavia 7 Bat-Yam Israel 1.–2.9.1983 8 Finland Roland Baier (Switzerland) 8 Sarajevo Yugoslavia 22.–23.8.1984 8 Finland Kari Valtonen (Finland) 9 Riccione Italy 18.–19.9.1985 10 Finland Ofer Comay (Israel) 10 Fontanay France 10.–11.7.1986 8 Britain Pauli Perkonoja (Finland) 11 Graz Austria 25.–26.8.1987 11 F.R. Germany Michel Caillaud (France) 12 Budapest Hungary 27.–28.8.1988 12 F.R. Germany Michael Pfannkuche (FRG) 13 Bournemouth England 22.–23.8.1989 13 USSR Georgij Evseev (USSR) 14 Benidorm Spain 25.–26.9.1990 10 Britain, USSR Georgij Evseev (USSR) 15 Rotterdam Netherlands 6.–7.8.1991 11 USSR Georgij Evseev (USSR) 16 Bonn Germany 25.–26.8.1992 12 Russia Pauli Perkonoja (Finland) 17 Bratislava Slovakia 31.8.–1.9.1993 18 Germany Michael Pfannkuche (Germany) 18 Belfort France 26.–27.7.1994 16 Germany Arno Zude (Germany) 19 Turku Finland 25.–26.7.1995 14 Finland Pauli Perkonoja (Finland) 20 Tel Aviv Israel 15.–16.10.1996 14 Israel Noam Elkies (Israel) 21 Pula Croatia 9.–10.9.1997 19 Israel Jonathan Mestel (Great Britain) 22 St. Petersburg Russia 28.–29.7.1998 19 Israel Georgij Evseev (Russia) 23 Netanya Israel 26.–27.10.99 20 Russia Ofer Comay (Israel) 24 Pula Croatia 5.–6.9.00 17 Germany Michel Caillaud (France) 25 Wageningen Netherlands 31.7.–1.8.01 19 Israel Jorma Paavilainen (Finland) 26 Portoroz Slovenia 3.–4.9.02 20 Germany Piotr Murdzia (Poland) 27 Moscow Russia 29.–30.7.03 22 Russia Andrej Selivanov (Russia) 28 Halkidiki Greece 7.–8.9.04 22 Israel John Nunn (Great Britain) 29 Eretria Greece 6.–7.9.05 19 Great Britain Piotr Murdzia (Poland) 30 Wageningen Netherlands 1.–2.8.06 20 Great Britain Piotr Murdzia (Poland)

EUROPEAN CHESS SOLVING CHAMPIONSHIP (ECSC) TOURNEYS

Place Country Time Teams Winner Individual European champion 1 Legnica Poland 18.–19.7.05 15 Finland Pauli Perkonoja (Finland) 2 Warsaw Poland 11.–12.11.06 16 Serbia Piotr Murdzia (Poland) 3 Pardubice Czechia 15.–16.7.07 16 Serbia Bojan Vučković (Serbia)

WCSCs and ECSCs 53. THE INTERNATIONAL TEAM-MATCHES FOR CHESS-COMPOSITION AND THE WORLD CHESS COMPOSITION TOURNAMENTS (WCCT) OF THE FIDE nr organizer sections countries entries composers years winner

1 USSR 18 20 502 211 1962–1964 USSR 2 Netherlands 9 27 588 283 1967–1971 Finland WCCT 1 Finland 14 27 653 274 1972–1975 USSR 2 F.R. Germany 10 29 439 254 1980–1983 USSR 3 P.C.C.C. 10 28 629 290 1984–1988 USSR 4 Poland 10 29 607 1989–1992 USSR 5 Czechia 7 39 696 1993–1997 Ukraine 6 Germany 7 36 564 1997–2001 Russia 7 FYROM 7 38 625 2001–2004 Russia 8 Germany 7 37 539 2005–

WORLD CHAMPIONSHIP IN COMPOSING

Album 1989–1991 WCCI 1998–2000 WCCI 2001–2003 WCCI 2004–2006 2-movers Anatolij Slesarenko Viktor Chepizhnyj Marjan Kovačević 3-movers Michael Keller Mikhail Marandjuk Valerij Shavyrin moremovers Jakov Vladimirov Mikhail Marandjuk Mikhail Marandjuk studies David Gurgenidze David Gurgenidze Andrej Vysokosov selfmates Petko Petkov Petko Petkov Andrej Selivanov helpmates Živko Janevski Živko Janevski Valerij Gurov fairies George Sphicas Petko Petkov Reto Aschwanden retro & math. Alexandr Kisljak Alexandr Kisljak Thierry le Gleuher

FIDE-ALBUMS

Period Announced Closing date Publication Diagrams 1914–44 I 31. Dec. 1966 I/1972 725 II II/1966 (30.9.67 for entries X/1972 1278 III by deceased members) IV/1975 806 1945–55 X/1960 31. Dec. 1961 XII/1964 1891 1956–58 XI/1958 1. May 1959 VI/1961 661 1959–61 I/1962 31. Dec. 1962 IV/1966 738 1962–64 II/1965 31. Dec. 1965 X/1968 908 1965–67 XI/1968 31. Aug. 1969 I/1976 800 1968–70 II/1972 31. Aug. 1972 II/1977 805 1971–73 II/1976 30. June 1976 X/1978 800 1974–76 XI/1977 30. June 1978 VII/1980 800 1977–79 30. June 1981 1984 800 1980–82 15. Aug. 1984 VIII/1988 1083 1983–85 XII/1986 31. July 1987 VII/1992 1103 1986–88 X/1989 31. July 1990 VII/1995 1114 1989–91 XI/1992 1. Aug. 1993 VIII/1997 1056 1992–94 1996 31. Aug. 1996 VII/2001 963 1995–97 1999 30. Nov. 1999 VII/2004 1153 1998–2000 XI/2001 31. Aug. 2002 2001–03 X/2004 31. Aug. 2005 2004–06 II/2007 31. Dec. 2007

54. FIDE-ALBUM POINTS 1914–2000, Point order

Petkov Petko ...... 333,50 Lepuschütz Hans ...... 57,50 Moravec Josef ...... 35,00 Rehm Hans Peter ...... 202,70 Matthews Robin C. O...... 57,50 Liburkin Mark ...... 34,67 Caillaud Michel ...... 200,92 Dijk Nils G.G. van ...... 56,83 Kopaev Vjacheslav ...... 34,42 Rudenko Valentin ...... 196,42 Kuznetsov Alexandr ...... 56,17 Knotek Ladislav ...... 34,00 Vladimirov Jakov ...... 185,50 Widlert Kjell ...... 54,45 Korponai József ...... 34,00 Kasparjan Genrikh ...... 175,83 Gamnitzer Camillo ...... 54,00 Stocchi Ottavio ...... 34,00 Visserman Eeltje ...... 170,00 Wenda Klaus ...... 53,42 Hildebrand Alexander ...... 33,89 Vukcevich Milan R...... 162,67 Gandev Krassimir ...... 53,33 Brabec Juraj ...... 33,50 Bron Vladimir ...... 146,83 Hartong Jan ...... 52,92 Schneider Michael ...... 33,50 Gurgenidze David ...... 145,56 Zepler Erich ...... 52,83 Csák János ...... 33,00 Loshinskij Lev ...... 142,86 Breuer Josef ...... 52,50 Ellinghoven Bernd ...... 32,78 Abdurahmanović Fadil ...... 138,17 Johandl Alois ...... 52,50 Chicco Adriano ...... 32,00 Janevski Živko ...... 130,00 Bruch Wieland ...... 51,67 Larsen Karl A. K...... 32,00 Bakcsi György ...... 124,17 Lommer Harold M...... 50,67 Rusek Jan ...... 32,00 Chepizhnyj Viktor ...... 119,58 Jörgensen Walther ...... 49,53 Sovík Štefan ...... 32,00 Dobrescu Emilian ...... 116,00 Mikan Ilja ...... 49,50 Hoch Yehuda ...... 31,67 Petrović Nenad ...... 115,95 Pilchenko Vjacheslav ...... 49,33 Tkachenko Sergej Nikolajevich ... 31,67 Kuzovkov Alexandr ...... 113,67 Moutecidis Pavlos ...... 49,33 Lipton Michael ...... 31,50 Lindgren Bo ...... 112,97 Kuznetsov Anatolij ...... 48,89 Jakimchik Vitold ...... 31,39 Pachman Vladimír ...... 112,33 Rice John M...... 47,33 Fougiaxis Harry ...... 31,17 Koroljkov Vladimir ...... 105,89 Rjabinin Nikolaj ...... 47,22 Bakharev Alexandr ...... 31,00 Keller Michael ...... 105,83 Kofman Rafael ...... 46,17 Casa Alex ...... 31,00 Alaikov Venelin ...... 104,50 Hannelius Jan ...... 46,00 Dombrovskis Alfreds ...... 31,00 Kricheli Josif ...... 99,67 Tribowski Marcel ...... 45,17 Drese Gerardus ...... 31,00 Mandler Artur ...... 97,17 Gurvich Abram ...... 45,00 Sarychev Alexandr ...... 30,83 Marandjuk Mikhail ...... 95,67 Seider Shlomo ...... 44,58 Kazantsev Alexandr ...... 30,83 Ahues Herbert ...... 94,33 Kubbel Leonid ...... 44,50 Schneider Stefan ...... 30,83 Mansfield Comins ...... 94,33 Retter Yosi ...... 44,50 Richter František ...... 30,67 Heinonen Unto ...... 93,50 Kalandadze Velimir ...... 44,17 Sushkov Jurij ...... 30,50 Goumondy Claude ...... 90,50 Wróbel Marian ...... 44,00 Sydenham Colin ...... 30,50 Fritz Jindřich ...... 90,33 Gordian Jurij ...... 43,92 Halberstadt Vitalij ...... 30,33 Havel (Košťál) Miroslav ...... 90,33 Shankar Ram Narayan ...... 43,50 Kniest Peter ...... 30,33 Lobusov Andrej ...... 88,83 Valuška Ján ...... 43,50 Rietveld Johannes ...... 30,00 Rusinek Jan ...... 87,67 Anderson Gerald ...... 43,17 Rinck Henri ...... 30,00 Garai Toma ...... 87,00 Gvozdják Peter ...... 42,58 Vetter Hans ...... 30,00 Tura Waldemar ...... 87,00 Chekhover Vitalij ...... 41,67 Boyer Jean-Pierre ...... 29,83 Páros György ...... 86,83 Wotawa Alois ...... 41,67 Maslar Zdravko ...... 29,83 Nadareishvili Gia ...... 85,00 Korányi Attila ...... 41,67 Latzel Gerhard ...... 29,50 Goldschmeding Cor ...... 84,00 Halumbirek Josef ...... 41,50 Lindner László ...... 29,50 Zappas Byron ...... 84,00 Djachuk Vasyl ...... 41,00 Buchwald Julius ...... 29,00 Guljajev (Grin) Alexandr ...... 83,67 Szwedowski Leopold ...... 41,00 Popandopulo Avenir ...... 29,00 Pachl Franz ...... 81,42 Melnichenko Viktor ...... 40,58 Ĺkerblom Axel ...... 28,83 Bartolović Hrvoje ...... 79,50 Benkö Pál ...... 40,00 Labai Zoltán ...... 28,75 Bwee Touw Hian ...... 77,17 Gockel Hubert ...... 39,33 Soroka Ivan ...... 28,67 Macleod Norman ...... 75,50 Afek (Kopelovich) Yochanan ..... 39,33 Ellerman Arnoldo ...... 28,50 Kralin Nikolaj ...... 75,28 Larsen Lars ...... 39,33 Sochniev Alexej ...... 28,33 Nestorescu Virgil ...... 74,67 Sedej Sergeij ...... 39,25 Erochin Vladimir ...... 28,33 Pervakov Oleg ...... 74,06 Neidze Vazha ...... 39,17 Salazar Francisco ...... 28,00 Degener Udo ...... 73,50 Barnes Barry P...... 39,00 Schauer Bernhard ...... 28,00 Loustau Jean-Marc ...... 72,33 Cate Pieter ten ...... 39,00 Schneider Vilmos ...... 28,00 Pogosjanc Ernest ...... 70,50 Shavyrin Valerij ...... 39,00 Bondarenko Filip ...... 27,00 Haring Jacob ...... 70,17 Mitrofanov Leopold ...... 38,89 Ruszczyński Piotr ...... 27,00 Myllyniemi Matti ...... 69,83 Zagorujko Leonid ...... 38,83 Davidenko Fedor ...... 26,50 Cheylan Yves ...... 69,17 Gebelt Vaclav ...... 38,50 Karpati Aurel ...... 26,50 Slesarenko Anatolij ...... 68,83 Perkonoja Pauli ...... 38,50 Lukjanov Valentin ...... 26,50 Gorgiev Tigran ...... 66,67 Müller Dieter ...... 38,42 Aschwanden Reto ...... 26,17 Kovačević Marjan ...... 65,33 Prokeš Ladislav ...... 38,33 Sphicas George ...... 26,17 Bogdanov Evgenij ...... 62,83 Hannemann Knud ...... 37,67 Troitskij Alexej ...... 26,06 Velimirović Milan ...... 62,67 Sizonenko Viktor ...... 37,50 Farago Paul ...... 26,00 Shanshin Valerij ...... 61,67 Holladay Edgar ...... 36,75 Kotěšovec Václav ...... 26,00 Kopnin Alexej ...... 61,61 Gerbstman Alexandr ...... 36,67 Persson Manne ...... 26,00 Fabel Karl ...... 61,50 Prins Henk ...... 36,67 Wirtanen Erkki ...... 26,00 Feoktistov Alexandr ...... 61,25 Haymann Jean ...... 36,50 Dittrich Stefan ...... 25,83 Avner Uri ...... 60,50 Sammelius Carel J. R...... 36,50 Lois Jorge ...... 25,83 Mladenović Miodrag ...... 60,17 Linss Torsten ...... 36,08 Lačný Ľudovít ...... 25,50 Chlubna Friedrich ...... 58,50 Kisljak Alexandr ...... 36,00 Umnov Evgenij ...... 25,50 Speckmann Werner ...... 58,17 Katsnelson Leonard ...... 35,83 Fossum Andre ...... 25,00 Kozdon Baldur ...... 57,50 Knöppel Jan ...... 35,50 Parrinello Mario ...... 25,00

FIDE-Album points 55. FIDE-ALBUM POINTS 1914–2000, Alphabetical order

Abdurahmanovic Fadil ...... 138,17 Babic Pavel ...... 4,17 Beugelsdijk Ruud ...... 1,00 Aberman Viktor ...... 1,67 Bachmann Karlheinz ...... 1,00 Bezgodkov Anatolij ...... 0,83 Abdurahmanović Fadil ...... 138,17 Back Pär-Erik ...... 1,00 Bianchetti Rinaldo ...... 1,67 Aberman Viktor ...... 1,67 Backe Espen ...... 6,50 Bidulescu C...... 0,50 Abramenko Sergej ...... 1,00 Backe Odd ...... 3,50 Bienabe Alain ...... 0,83 Adabashev Mark ...... 10,50 Badai Boris ...... 10,00 Bilfinger Carl ...... 1,00 Adamson Henry ...... 1,67 Baev Georgij ...... 1,00 Bílý Miroslav ...... 3,00 Afanasjev Georgij ...... 1,67 Baier Roland ...... 13,53 Bilyk Sergej ...... 2,00 Afek (Kopelovich) Yochanan ...... 39,33 Bajtay József ...... 7,00 Bincer Hans ...... 7,00 Agapov Igor ...... 19,33 Bakay Béla ...... 0,00 Birbrager Isaak ...... 4,67 Agostini Valerio ...... 1,00 Bakcsi György ...... 124,17 Birek Vladimir ...... 1,50 Ahlgren Bernt ...... 1,33 Bakharev Alexandr ...... 31,00 Birgfeld Eduard ...... 3,00 Ahlheim Karl-Heinz ...... 11,00 Bakke Nils Adrian ...... 24,00 Birnov Zinovij ...... 22,33 Ahues Herbert ...... 94,33 Bakker Peter ...... 2,00 Biscan Drago ...... 4,00 Aitov Fatik ...... 1,33 Balázs József ...... 0,83 Biscay Pierre ...... 9,67 Akobija Jurij ...... 2,50 Balbus Leonard ...... 1,00 Bjuzandjan Iosif ...... 1,00 Alaikov Venelin ...... 104,50 Balik Josef ...... 1,00 Björklund Stig ...... 6,00 Albarda Johannes ...... 4,00 Bán Jenö ...... 5,83 Bladh Yngve ...... 2,83 Albert Eugene ...... 10,00 Banaszek Marcin ...... 3,67 Blake Percy ...... 11,00 Albertz Hermann ...... 0,50 Bandžuch Imrich ...... 0,50 Blandford Hugh F...... 6,67 Alekmenskij Alexandr ...... 1,67 Bannyj Dmitrij ...... 19,50 Blaschke Friedrich ...... 1,00 Aleshin Igor ...... 2,67 Bányai József ...... 1,00 Bláthy Otto ...... 6,67 Aliovsadzade Rauf ...... 0,50 Baptista Manuel ...... 1,00 Blednov Jurij ...... 1,00 Allison Christopher ...... 1,00 Barda Olaf ...... 9,33 Blikeng Bjarne ...... 4,00 Almgren Sven ...... 1,00 Barna László ...... 1,00 Blom Seppo ...... 0,50 Aloni Hillel ...... 11,00 Barnes Barry P...... 39,00 Blondel Denis ...... 7,00 Aloni Yoel ...... 5,83 Barrow John ...... 1,00 Blunár Štefan ...... 1,00 Altman Ernst ...... 1,00 Barsukov Valerij ...... 1,00 Bochkarev Vitalij ...... 1,00 Alvey George ...... 0,50 Bartel Erich ...... 5,00 Bogatirev Lev ...... 1,00 Amirjan Gamlet ...... 3,33 Barth Michael ...... 4,25 Bogdanov Evgenij ...... 62,83 Amirov Talip ...... 10,00 Barthelemy Eduard ...... 1,00 Boitmanis Andris ...... 1,00 Anastasov Ljubomir ...... 1,50 Bartolović Hrvoje ...... 79,50 Bondar Ivan ...... 4,17 Anderson Frans ...... 2,50 Barulin Mark ...... 10,67 Bondarenko Filip ...... 27,00 Anderson Gerald ...... 43,17 Bata Lörinc ...... 8,00 Bonivento Oscar ...... 1,00 Anderson William ...... 1,00 Batori Alberto ...... 2,00 Bonsdorff Eero ...... 3,00 Andersson Erik ...... 1,00 Baturin Alexandr ...... 1,00 Bor Alexandr ...... 3,33 Andersson Gunnar ...... 6,00 Bazant Robert ...... 0,00 Bordenjuk Mikhail ...... 2,50 Andrade Barry ...... 3,50 Bazlov Jurij ...... 18,89 Borodatov Leonid ...... 1,00 Andrejev Vjacheslav ...... 1,00 Beasley John ...... 0,83 Boros Sándor ...... 2,00 Ančin Andrej ...... 13,00 Bebesi Gyula ...... 12,00 Borst Dirk ...... 3,33 Angeli Herbert ...... 1,00 Beck Friedrich ...... 1,00 Bosák Juraj ...... 1,00 Antipov Vjacheslav ...... 0,50 Beck Jaroslav ...... 1,00 Bosch Bedřich ...... 2,00 Antonoff Georges ...... 0,50 Becker Carl ...... 1,00 Boswell Edward ...... 6,50 Antonov Jurij ...... A 12,83 Becker Christopher–...... 3,83 BBotokanov Alimkul ...... 1,67 Antoshin Vitalij ...... 2,50 Bédoni Roméo ...... 15,50 Bottacchi Antonio ...... 8,00 Anufriev Vjacheslav ...... 6,17 Beek van Huibrecht ...... 1,00 Bouchez Laurent ...... 0,33 Ányos László ...... 5,00 Behting Karl ...... 1,67 Bouma Gerard ...... 9,00 Apró László ...... 12,00 Bekkelund Paul ...... 1,00 Bouwmeester Hendricus B.F ...... 0,33 Apseniek Fricis ...... 1,67 Belchikov Nikolaj ...... 1,50 Boyer Jean-Pierre ...... 29,83 Archakov Vladimir ...... 5,83 Belenkij Alexej ...... 12,22 Brabec Juraj ...... 33,50 Arefiev Jurij ...... 1,50 Belik Nikolaj ...... 1,00 Brada Jaroslav ...... 1,00 Arestov Pavel ...... 22,06 Belikov Evgenij ...... 0,83 Brada Miroslav ...... 3,00 Argüelles Antonio ...... 10,00 Beljakin Jurij ...... 4,22 Braithwaite Kenneth ...... 1,00 Arlamowski Edward ...... 2,00 Beljavski Albert ...... 5,00 Brand Thomas ...... 0,50 Arnstam Knut ...... 2,00 Belokonj Stanislav ...... 9,17 Branton A.H...... 3,33 Asaba Eduard ...... 7,50 Belousov Sergej ...... 0,50 Braune Robert ...... 0,00 Aschenazi Marcel ...... 4,00 Bene Viktor ...... 1,00 Brehmer Siegfried ...... 18,50 Aschwanden Reto ...... 26,17 Benedek Attila ...... 19,50 Breider Bruno ...... 8,00 Astrom Robert ...... 0,83 Benkö Pál ...... 40,00 Brenev Georgij ...... 1,67 Atanacković Branko ...... 0,50 Bent C. M...... 11,67 Breu Jorge ...... 1,00 Atanasijević Aleksanda ...... 8,00 Berezhnoj Jurij ...... 1,50 Breuer Josef ...... 52,50 Auclair Jérôme ...... 0,25 Berg Evert Jan van den ...... 4,50 Breyer Gyula ...... 0,00 August Hugo ...... 1,83 Berg Wolfgang ...... 4,25 Bridgewater Ralph ...... 1,00 Austrheim Kjartan ...... 0,50 Berkenbusch Helmut ...... 4,00 Brixi Heinrich ...... 0,50 Authier Gabriel ...... 1,00 Berkovec Jan ...... 8,00 Brogi Giuseppe ...... 3,50 Avner Uri ...... 60,50 Bernard Edmond ...... 2,50 Bron Vladimir ...... 146,83 Avni Amatzia ...... 15,00 Bernard H. D'Ouly ...... 1,00 Bronshtein David ...... 0,50 Avramenko Igor ...... 0,50 Bernhardt Georg ...... 1,67 Brown David ...... 4,00 Axelrud Petr ...... 0,50 Bernleitner Heinrich ...... 1,50 Bruch Wieland ...... 51,67 Axt Hemmo ...... 8,50 Best Eike ...... 3,00 Bruchner Siegfried ...... 4,00 Azhusin Alexandr ...... 10,50 Beszczyński Jan ...... 4,00 Brummelman Derk ...... 2,00 Babić Milomir ...... 3,17 Bettmann Henry ...... 7,83 Brunner Eduard ...... 2,00

FIDE-Album points 56. Brunner Erich ...... 0,00 Cumpe Josef ...... 9,00 Ebben Jacobus ...... 12,00 Buchwald Julius ...... 29,00 Cuppini Alessandro ...... 0,33 Ebend Tibor ...... 1,00 Buddenhagen Rudolf ...... 1,00 Cvejic Bogdan ...... 2,00 Eberle Stefan ...... 13,00 Buerke Paul ...... 0,00 Cvik Josef ...... 1,00 Ebersz Kornel ...... 5,83 Bugnicourt Paul ...... 1,33 Czarnecki Tadeusz ...... 6,00 Ebert Hilmar ...... 4,00 Buhelt Valdemar ...... 3,00 Daineko Vasilij ...... 1,00 Ebner Bruno ...... 3,00 Bujannemeh B...... 3,33 Dalfsen van Pieter ...... 1,83 Eckhardt Carl ...... 0,00 Bujanov Alexandr ...... 2,00 Dalla Rosa Pedro ...... 0,50 Eddy Edwin J...... 2,00 Bukne Roald ...... 1,00 Damme Emile ...... 0,00 Eerkes Allard ...... 5,25 Bukofzer Maxwell ...... 1,00 Daniel Arthur ...... 3,67 Efimov A ...... 0,83 Bukovinszky Lajos ...... 1,50 Dankiewicz Jan ...... 1,00 Efrosinin Oleg ...... 2,83 Bulavka Alexandr ...... 0,50 Darvas Róbert ...... 1,00 Egiazaryan Ashot ...... 1,00 Bull Cecil ...... 5,00 Davidenko Fedor ...... 26,50 Egorov Gennadij ...... 0,50 Bunting Joe ...... 2,00 Davidovski Ivan ...... 1,50 Eiche Walter ...... 0,00 Buňka Vladislav ...... 2,00 Dawson Thomas ...... 23,92 Eilers Wolfgang ...... 0,00 Burbach Johannes ...... 15,17 Debarbieux Gerard ...... 1,00 Einat Paz ...... 13,25 Burda Josef ...... 3,00 Dedesin Viktor ...... 1,00 Eisenstadt Mark ...... 2,50 Burger Robert ...... 12,00 Dedrle Cyril ...... 2,00 Eisert Stephan ...... 15,33 Burmistrov Sergej ...... 3,00 Dedrle František ...... 7,17 Ejvazova Elena ...... 0,50 Bwee Touw Hian ...... 77,17 Degener Udo ...... 73,50 Ekestubbe Gustav ...... 1,00 Byas Walter ...... 2,00 Degenkolbe Mirko ...... 7,25 Ekström Sven ...... 3,00 Büchner Richard ...... 3,00 Dehler Otto ...... 0,00 Elekes Dezsö ...... 2,00 Büchner Rudolf ...... 4,00 Delaliau Emmanuel ...... 0,00 Elkies Noam ...... 8,33 Büsing Günter ...... 3,33 Denkovski Griggor ...... 1,50 Ellerman Arnoldo ...... 28,50 Bäcker Horst ...... 3,00 Densmore Darso ...... 3,50 Ellinghoven Bernd ...... 32,78 Bär Wolfgang ...... 5,00 Dharmawan I...... 0,33 Ende van den Johan ...... 1,67 Böhm Ferenc ...... 0,50 Dickins Anthony ...... 1,00 Endresen Leif ...... 2,00 Börner Jörgen ...... 1,00 Didenko Volodimir ...... 0,50 Enguelberto Ernesto ...... 0,50 Böttger Horst ...... 8,50 Didrihson Boris ...... 0,83 Epifanov Anatolij ...... 0,50 Caillaud Michel ...... 200,92 Dieffenbach Harald ...... 2,50 Erenburg Mark ...... 10,00 Calvet Fernand ...... 2,00 Dijk Nils G.G. van ...... 56,83 Ericson Axel ...... 2,67 Camara Luciano W...... 0,33 Dijk van Johannes ...... 3,00 Eriksson Finn ...... 3,00 Caminade Christian ...... 2,00 Dikusarov Andrej ...... 1,00 Eriksson Henrik ...... 2,00 Carlsson Oscar ...... 8,33 Dimitrov Nikolaj ...... 6,50 Erlin Konrad (K.Erlinger) ...... 1,50 Carrez Jean-Pierre ...... 0,50 Dinort Avi ...... 5,00 Ernst Georg ...... 4,00 Casa Alex ...... 31,00 Diot Roger ...... 8,50 Ernstberger Walter ...... 0,33 Castellari Umberto ...... 2,00 Dittmann Wolfgang ...... 17,50 Erochin Vladimir ...... 28,33 Cate Pieter ten ...... 39,00 Dittrich Stefan ...... 25,83 Érsek Tibor ...... 7,00 Cathignol Pierre-Antoine ...... 2,00 Djachuk Vasyl ...... 41,00 Escoin Vincente ...... 1,00 Catić Osman ...... 0,50 Djumel Fridrih ...... 1,50 Eszlinger Josef ...... 0,33 Cauveren Jonas ...... 2,00 Djurašević Branislav ...... 4,50 Ewald Kurt ...... 0,50 Ceder Sven ...... 3,00 Dljachenko Georgij ...... 1,67 Evans W.C...... 1,50 Ceriani Luigi ...... 1,00 Dobbs Gilbert ...... 1,00 Evdokimov Valerij ...... 1,00 Challenger Alfred ...... 1,00 Dobordzhginidze Alexandr ...... 1,00 Evreinov Viktor ...... 16,67 Chandler Guy W...... 8,00 Dobrescu Emilian ...... 116,00 Evseev Georgij ...... 2,67 Chekarkov Vladimir ...... 1,00 Dohrn-Lüttgens Julius ...... 0,00 Ezdin Ivan ...... 0,50 Chekhover Vitalij ...... 41,67 Dolginović Nikolaj ...... 4,00 Fabel Karl ...... 61,50 Cheney Richard ...... B0,00 Dolgov Vasilij–...... 23,33 FFabricius-Lauritzen Knud ...... 3,67 Chepizhnyj Viktor ...... 119,58 Dolukhanov Alexandr ...... 2,22 Fairhurst William ...... 1,67 Chernjavskij Nikolaj ...... 4,83 Dombrovskis Alfreds ...... 31,00 Falk Lars ...... 5,00 Chéron André ...... 18,33 Donati Gianni ...... 1,00 Farago Paul ...... 26,00 Cheylan Yves ...... 69,17 Donnelly Michael ...... 0,33 Fargette Bruno ...... 21,83 Chicco Adriano ...... 32,00 Dooren Rene van ...... 3,50 Fargette Francois ...... 8,33 Chimedtseren Sonomun ...... 5,33 Dore Marcel ...... 1,67 Faria Oswaldo ...... 4,50 Chlubna Friedrich ...... 58,50 Dorogov Jurij ...... 19,17 Fasher Eliahu ...... 1,00 Christensen Christian ...... 5,00 Doukas Georgios ...... 0,00 Fatchullin Faat ...... 0,50 Chukin V...... 0,50 Doukhan Gerard ...... 13,50 Feather Chris ...... 14,50 Chumakov Gennadij ...... 1,50 Dragoun Michal ...... 19,50 Fediakov Sergej ...... 2,50 Churiakov Alexandr ...... 1,00 Draiska Imants ...... 7,00 Fedorov Alexandr ...... 1,67 Cicanov Nikolaj ...... 1,00 Drese Gerardus ...... 31,00 Fedorovich Roman ...... 21,33 Cimburek Ladislav ...... 2,00 Driver John ...... 10,33 Fedotov Georgij ...... 1,67 Cirjaković Branislav ...... 0,33 Drnek Josef ...... 9,00 Feigl Maximilian ...... 1,50 Císař Václav ...... 6,50 Drumare Pierre ...... 10,00 Felber Franz ...... 0,50 Clausen Sigurd ...... 7,67 Duben Henrik van ...... 1,00 Feldmann (Flórián) Tibor ...... 1,00 Comay Ofer ...... 9,92 Dučák Ján ...... 1,00 Feoktistov Alexandr ...... 61,25 Copping Peter ...... 1,00 Dulbergs Imants ...... 8,00 Fiebig Reinhardt ...... 2,50 Cortlever Nico ...... 1,67 Dulinac Stevan ...... 2,00 Fiedler Frank ...... 5,00 Costeff Gad ...... 20,00 Dunder Aarne ...... 3,33 Fiedler Matthias ...... 0,25 Courthiau Bernard ...... 3,00 Dupin Jacques ...... 0,50 Fielder Edgar ...... 3,00 Crisan Vlaicu ...... 1,00 Dupuis Étienne ...... 0,50 Figueiredo Jose ...... 2,33 Cristoffaninni Guido ...... 0,50 Duras Oldřich ...... 17,50 Figueiredo Mario ...... 1,67 Croes Govert ...... 7,50 Dutt Sundir ...... 0,00 Filaretov Sergej ...... 8,33 Cross Harold ...... 5,00 Dvizov Evgenij ...... 1,67 Filipov Valentin ...... 1,00 Csák János ...... 33,00 Dzekcer Abram ...... 1,00 Fink Adolph ...... 1,50 Cseh Gábor ...... 22,00 Easter Norris ...... 5,00 Fischer Hyeronimus ...... 0,00 Cuciuc Victor ...... 1,00 Eaton Vincent L...... 23,00 Fischl Josef ...... 1,00

FIDE-Album points 57. Fjeld Thorstein ...... 0,50 Gillberg Anders ...... 2,22 Gutman Daniel ...... 1,00 Fjellström Zakarias ...... 3,00 Ginninger Herman ...... 5,00 Guttman Newman ...... 5,83 Flatt Karl ...... 5,00 Giöbel Bengt ...... 1,00 Guttmann Herbert ...... 0,50 Fleck Ferenc ...... 23,50 Glass Günter ...... 2,00 Guy Robert ...... 1,67 Flood Colin ...... 2,00 Glinskikh Nikolaj ...... 1,00 Gvozdják Peter ...... 42,58 Fokin Jurij ...... 6,00 Gluzinski Tadeusz ...... 1,00 Günther Wilhelm ...... 0,00 Folch Ramon ...... 1,00 Gockel Hubert ...... 39,33 Haas Bastian de ...... 4,00 Folkmann Martin ...... 1,00 Godager Fridtjof ...... 1,50 Haas Josef ...... 1,00 Fomichev Evgenij ...... 6,00 Godes Devi ...... 1,67 Hage Poul ...... 4,00 Fontaine Leon ...... 1,00 Godfrey Frederick ...... 1,00 Hagemann Wilhelm ...... 14,50 Fontana Robert ...... 1,67 Goethart Gerhardus ...... 4,00 Hairabedian Krikor ...... 1,00 Formánek Bedrich ...... 14,00 Gogberashvili Merab ...... 8,33 Hajszeryk Jozef ...... 2,00 Forsberg Henry ...... 1,00 Goldschmeding Cor ...... 84,00 Halberstadt Vitalij ...... 30,33 Forsberg Rudolf ...... 2,00 Goldschmidt Josef ...... 1,00 Halski Marek ...... 8,00 Forslund Göran ...... 3,00 Goldschmiedt Ervin ...... 1,00 Halumbirek Josef ...... 41,50 Fortune Robert ...... 1,00 Goldstein Alexander ...... 5,50 Hanazawa Masazumi ...... 1,00 Fossum Andre ...... 25,00 Golin Grigorij ...... 0,50 Hannelius Jan ...... 46,00 Foster Geoffrey ...... 1,00 Golovkov Piotr ...... 1,00 Hannemann Knud ...... 37,67 Fougiaxis Harry ...... 31,17 Golubenko Vladimir ...... 3,50 Hansson Frans ...... 5,00 Fox Charles ...... 7,25 Golubev Alexandr ...... 1,67 Haralovic Mato ...... 1,00 Fraenkel Febus ...... 2,00 Golubev Georgij ...... 3,67 Harder Karl ...... 1,00 Frahm Hans ...... 0,33 Gomoluch Hans ...... 0,00 Haring Jacob ...... 70,17 Francey J ...... 2,00 Gooderson Arthur R...... 19,50 Harkola Hannu ...... 3,50 Franken Maurits ...... 2,50 Gool Joop van ...... 7,00 Harley Brian ...... 4,75 Frankl Jaroslav ...... 1,67 Gorbatenko Jurij ...... 19,33 Hartong Jan ...... 52,92 Frantsov Georgij ...... 0,50 Gorbunov Valerij ...... 2,50 Hašek Josef ...... 5,00 Fridlizius Joel ...... 2,00 Gordian Jurij ...... 43,92 Hasenzahl Karl ...... 5,00 Frič Ivan ...... 1,67 Gordian Mark ...... 5,00 Hashavit (Heilbut) Zvi ...... 1,00 Friedman Shmuel ...... 0,83 Gorgiev Tigran ...... 66,67 Hassberg Eric M...... 17,50 Frigin Valerij ...... 2,00 Gorislavski Mihail ...... 1,00 Hasselkus Ernst ...... 0,00 Fritsch Adolf ...... 1,00 Goulty Allison ...... 1,00 Hauru Veikko ...... 1,00 Fritz Jindřich ...... 90,33 Goumondy Claude ...... 90,50 Havasi Artur ...... 5,00 Frolkin Andrej ...... 19,50 Grabowski Kazimierz ...... 2,00 Havel (Košťál) Miroslav ...... 90,33 Frolovskij Alexandr ...... 6,00 Gradstein ir Stephan ...... 2,50 Havelka František ...... 5,00 Fröberg Hilding ...... 17,00 Grand Henk le ...... 16,08 Hawes Frederic T...... 0,50 Fuchs Rudolf ...... 0,00 Grand J. B. le ...... 1,33 Haymann Jean ...... 36,50 Fuhlendorf Georg ...... 3,50 Grand Piet le ...... 9,58 Hazebrouck Andre ...... 8,00 Fulpius Jaques ...... 4,00 Grande Joralf ...... 19,00 Heathcote Godfrey ...... 13,50 Funk Henry ...... 1,00 Grant Herbert ...... 3,00 Hegermann Bernhard ...... 0,00 Funk Klaus ...... 0,33 Grasemann Herbert ...... 21,83 Heimo Olli ...... 2,00 Furman Janko ...... 2,00 Gray Robert ...... 0,00 Heinonen Erkki ...... 5,00 Fux Janusz ...... 3,00 Green Stuart ...... 1,00 Heinonen Unto ...... 93,50 Földeák Árpád ...... 4,00 Grevlund Per ...... 3,00 Heinz Rainer ...... 2,00 Förster Klaus ...... 2,00 Grieken van J ...... 1,00 Heiskanen Reino ...... 5,50 Förster Richard ...... 1,00 Grigorjev Nikolaj ...... 21,67 Hejzlar Jaroslav ...... 1,00 Gadjanski Borislav ...... 5,50 Grinblat Arieh ...... 9,00 Heks Ernö ...... 1,67 Gafarov Marsil ...... 1,50 Grodzenski Sergej ...... 1,50 Helledie Holger ...... 3,00 Galickij Alexandr ...... F0,00 Groeneveld– Cornelis ...... 19,33HHelweg S...... 1,00 Gamage Frederick ...... 10,00 Grolman Lev ...... 5,83 Henke Karl ...... 0,50 Gamnitzer Camillo ...... 54,00 Gromov Mihail ...... 0,83 Henke Max ...... 0,00 Gamza Grigorij ...... 5,50 Gross Erwin ...... 16,50 Henneberger Moriz ...... 1,00 Gandev Krassimir ...... 53,33 Gross Izidor ...... 1,00 Henneberger Walter ...... 0,00 Garai Toma ...... 87,00 Grossman Itzhak ...... 3,00 Henning Hanns ...... 2,00 Garaj Ivan ...... 0,50 Grosu Iosif ...... 0,50 Henriksen Thorleif ...... 1,50 Garaza Louis ...... 0,00 Grotenfelt Osmo ...... 0,83 Henriksson Joralf ...... 1,67 Garn Herbert ...... 0,00 Gruber Aleksandar ...... 1,67 Herberg Adolf ...... 6,67 Gasparjan Alexej ...... 0,83 Gruber Hans ...... 6,95 Herland Sigmund ...... 9,00 Gaulin Claude ...... 2,00 Grubert Harald ...... 2,50 Hermanson Halvar ...... 7,00 Gavrilov Evgenij ...... 8,33 Grunenwald Alphonse ...... 7,00 Hernádi Tichomír ...... 1,00 Gavrilov Konstantin ...... 1,00 Grzankowski Waclaw ...... 3,00 Hernitz Albert ...... 1,50 Gavrilovski Zoran ...... 23,50 Grzeban Grzegorz ...... 10,83 Hernitz Zvonimir ...... 18,50 Gebelt Vaclav ...... 38,50 Grönroos Mikael ...... 1,00 Herpai Ferenc ...... 2,50 Gedda Bertil ...... 5,00 Gschwend Alfred ...... 3,50 Hertman (Hun) Sándor ...... 4,00 Gefwert Boris ...... 0,50 Gugel Lev ...... 2,00 Herzberg Michael ...... 18,00 Geissler Norbert ...... 7,33 Guidelli Giorgio ...... 9,50 Hess Jean-Claude ...... 1,00 Geister Armin ...... 0,50 Guilbot Fernand ...... 1,00 Heuäcker Paul ...... 0,00 Gelpernas Boris ...... 7,50 Guljajev (Grin) Alexandr ...... 83,67 Heydon John ...... 1,00 Genttner Jaroslav ...... 6,00 Gulke Volker ...... 0,50 Hicks Geoffrey ...... 2,00 Georgopulos George ...... 2,00 Gunst Julius ...... 11,67 Hilbig Fritz ...... 0,00 Gerasimenko Nikolaj ...... 0,33 Gurgenidze David ...... 145,56 Hildebrand Alexander ...... 33,89 Gerasimov Vladimir ...... 0,83 Gurov Valerij ...... 22,00 Hindre Heino ...... 1,00 Gerbstman Alexandr ...... 36,67 Gurvich Abram ...... 45,00 Hing Tjoa Giok ...... 1,00 Gevers Raymond ...... 1,00 Gurvich Vladimir ...... 1,00 Hirschenson Aharon ...... 14,50 Gfeller Heinz ...... 1,50 Gusev Boris ...... 3,89 Hjelle David ...... 5,00 Ghirelli Bruno ...... 0,00 Gusev Jurij ...... 2,00 Hladík František ...... 17,00 Giegold Fritz ...... 3,00 Gussopulo Demetrio ...... 2,00 Hliněný Jan ...... 5,00

FIDE-Album points 58. Hlinka Michal ...... 15,83 Johandl Alois ...... 52,50 Khandurin A...... 0,50 Hoch Yehuda ...... 31,67 Johansson Gustaf ...... 1,00 Kharichev Evgenij ...... 0,50 Hoeg Niels ...... 19,67 Johner Hans ...... 6,00 Khatachurev Andrej ...... 2,67 Hoek ir. Willem ...... 1,00 Joita Paul ...... 5,00 Khokhlov Alexandr ...... 1,67 Hoffmann Fritz ...... 12,00 Jokisch Louis ...... 2,00 Khramtsevich Mikhail ...... 0,50 Hoffmann Martin ...... 14,50 Jones Christopher ...... 13,50 Khvaltsev Ivan ...... 2,50 Hoffmann Peter ...... 6,00 Jong Leonard de ...... 6,50 Kichigin Viktor ...... 0,50 Hofmann Hans ...... 1,50 Jonker Geert ...... 1,00 Kijonka Vilém ...... 2,00 Holladay Edgar ...... 36,75 Jonsson Christer ...... 23,00 King-Farlow Charles ...... 2,00 Holm Ernst ...... 11,67 Joseph David ...... 3,33 Kintzig Robert ...... 0,33 Holm Helmer ...... 2,00 Joseph Fernand ...... 1,00 Kipping Cyril ...... 1,00 Holst Viktor ...... 2,00 Joudon Laurent ...... 1,00 Kirillov Stanislav ...... 0,33 Holzhausen Walther von ...... 7,17 Junker Karl ...... 6,00 Kirillov Valerij ...... 9,97 Holzman Josef ...... 1,00 Jönsson Ernst ...... 2,00 Kirtley Mark ...... 10,50 Horeman Cornelius ...... 1,00 Jönsson Gustav ...... 12,00 Kisis Imants ...... 21,00 Hortov Valerij ...... 5,83 Jörgensen Walther ...... 49,53 Kisljak Alexandr ...... 36,00 Howard Kenneth ...... 6,50 Kadera Emil ...... 2,00 Kisljak Anatolij ...... 1,00 Hovgaard Johannes ...... 1,00 Kadera Vojtěch ...... 4,00 Kiss Ivan ...... 18,50 Huber Éric ...... 1,00 Kadrev Zdr...... 0,83 Kiss János ...... 22,83 Hultberg Herbert ...... 17,50 Kahl Peter ...... 4,00 Kivi Visa ...... 15,00 Hume George ...... 4,00 Kaila Osmo ...... 15,67 Klages Wilhelm ...... 0,50 Hurme Harri ...... 11,33 Kainer Čeněk ...... 16,00 Klasinc Marko ...... 10,50 Hurtig Allan ...... 1,67 Kaiser Gerhard ...... 14,00 Klausen Viggo ...... 5,00 Husák Karel ...... 0,83 Kajev Lev ...... 8,33 Klein György ...... 2,50 Husserl Gideon ...... 1,33 Kakabadze Ferad ...... 2,00 Klein László ...... 1,00 Hynönen Veikko ...... 12,83 Kakovin Alexandr ...... 8,33 Klein Wolfgang ...... 1,00 Hällström Edvard af ...... 2,00 Kalandadze Velimir ...... 44,17 Klemanič Emil ...... 13,75 Ianovcic Anatole ...... 4,00 Kalashnikov Valerij ...... 0,56 Klemensiewicz Josef ...... 1,00 Ibran Javier ...... 1,67 Kalinin Alexandr ...... 6,00 Klepáček Miloslav ...... 2,00 Idunk Bohumil ...... 3,00 Kalinin Vladimir ...... 0,50 Klibanskij Alexandr ...... 0,50 Ignatiev Ivan ...... 8,00 Kaljagin Viktor ...... 4,17 Klinke Arthur ...... 12,00 Ilievski Tode ...... 6,00 Kallio Timo ...... 1,50 Klinkov Mikhail ...... 6,67 Iljasov Boris ...... 1,00 Kalotay Andrew ...... 0,50 Kljackin Mikhail ...... 11,67 Iljasov Stanislav ...... 1,00 Kaminer Sergej ...... 19,17 Klug Helmut ...... 3,00 Ingre Bengt ...... 1,00 Kampmann Bruno ...... 0,50 Kluxen Wilhelm ...... 4,33 Irezabal Daniel de ...... 2,00 Kamstra Hendrik ...... 2,00 Klüver Hans ...... 0,00 Iriarte Eduardo ...... 3,33 Kamstra Steffen ...... 1,00 Kniest Albert ...... 0,83 Isajev Leonid ...... 10,33 Kanonik Dmitrij ...... 1,00 Kniest Peter ...... 30,33 Isarjanov Vladimir ...... 1,00 Kantorović Inna ...... 1,67 Knotek Ladislav ...... 34,00 Iskra Leonid ...... 1,00 Kapica Ryszard ...... 2,50 Knudsen Birger ...... 2,50 Iso-Puonti (Nilsson) Yrjö ...... 1,00 Kapralos Demetrios ...... 4,50 Knuppert Hugo ...... 23,83 Issler Werner ...... 8,37 Kapros Jorge ...... 24,33 Knöppel Jan ...... 35,50 Itzhaki Daniel ...... 4,00 Kapusta Lev ...... 3,00 Koch János ...... 0,50 Ivanić Petar ...... 2,00 Kapusta Viktor ...... 13,00 Kockelkorn Karl ...... 2,50 Ivanov Albert ...... 1,50 Kapustin Fedor ...... 1,50 Koder Gábor ...... 5,00 Ivanov Bernard ...... 1,00 Karamanits Anatolij ...... 5,67 Koers Johann ...... 1,00 Iwanow Eugeniusz ...... 16,50 Kardos Tivadar ...... 23,83 Koetsheid Petrus ...... 2,50 Ivanov Nikolaj ...... H5,83 Karlsson Börje–...... 1,00 KKofman Avi ...... 0,83 Ivanov Vadim ...... 0,50 Karlsson Liss ...... 1,67 Kofman Rafael ...... 46,17 Ivanov Valerij ...... 0,50 Karlström Alfred ...... 4,00 Kohtz Johannes ...... 2,50 Ivanov Vasilij ...... 1,00 Karpati Aurel ...... 26,50 Kokkonen Matti ...... 2,00 Ivanov Vassolij ...... 0,83 Karpov Valerij ...... 14,00 Koldijk Albert ...... 6,83 Ivanovskij Nikolaj ...... 4,00 Karsch Wilhelm ...... 6,83 Kolčák Marek ...... 2,00 Iversen Iver ...... 1,00 Karstedt Max ...... 5,00 Kolesnikov Evgenij ...... 13,06 Ivunin Alexej ...... 7,17 Kartsev Nikolaj ...... 2,00 Kolkmeyer Thomas ...... 0,50 Jacobs Jurgen ...... 0,50 Karwatkar A. J...... 2,00 Kolodnas Z ...... 1,00 Jacobs Walter ...... 5,00 Kasanen Juha ...... 1,00 Kolpakov V...... 0,33 Jacobsen Marthin ...... 1,00 Kashchejev Niktopolion ...... 1,00 Koludrović Branko ...... 10,00 Jahn Günther ...... 13,67 Kasparjan Genrikh ...... 175,83 Komarov Garri ...... 1,67 Jahontov Vasilij ...... 1,67 Kasparjan Sergej ...... 0,83 Komarov Sergej ...... 1,00 Jakimchik Vitold ...... 31,39 Katiamov Rachid ...... 0,83 Komoraus Ernst ...... 0,00 Janet Frank ...... 0,33 Katsnelson Leonard ...... 35,83 Kondratiev Viktor ...... 3,33 Janev Zoran ...... 1,00 Katsnelson Vladimir ...... 1,67 Kondratjuk Nikolaj ...... 0,50 Janevski Živko ...... 130,00 Kaul Karl ...... 0,20 Konikowski Jerzy ...... 8,00 Janičijević Svetislav ...... 1,00 Kauranen Risto ...... 0,50 Kopáč Luboš ...... 6,67 Jarmonov Igor ...... 3,00 Kavnatsky Isaak ...... 0,50 Kopaev Nikolaj ...... 2,50 Jarolín Ivan ...... 1,00 Kazantsev Alexandr ...... 30,83 Kopaev Vjacheslav ...... 34,42 Jarosh Leonid ...... 5,00 Keinz Alois ...... 1,00 Kopnin Alexej ...... 61,61 Jaroslavcev Arkadij ...... 23,00 Keirans Arthur ...... 3,00 Koppelomäki Juhani ...... 10,00 Jefrosinin Oleg ...... 0,50 Kele János ...... 2,50 Kopyl Valerij ...... 0,50 Jelínek František ...... 1,00 Keller Michael ...... 105,83 Korányi Attila ...... 41,67 Jelínek Jiří ...... 1,00 Kelson Itzhak ...... 0,50 Korepin Alexandr ...... 3,00 Jensch Gerhard ...... 0,00 Kemp Charles ...... 9,00 Korhonen Mika ...... 0,50 Jenssen August ...... 1,00 Keres Paul ...... 3,33 Korn Walter ...... 3,33 Jessurun-Lobo Johan R...... 1,33 Kerhuel Maryan ...... 3,50 Kornilov Anatolij ...... 1,00 Joffart Daniel ...... 1,33 Keym Werner ...... 2,00 Kornilov Andrej ...... 8,50

FIDE-Album points 59. Koroljkov Vladimir ...... 105,89 Larin Rudolf ...... 4,00 Lokker Miklos ...... 4,33 Korponai József ...... 34,00 Larsen Karl A. K...... 32,00 Lommer Harold M...... 50,67 Koryaka Vladimir ...... 1,00 Larsen Lars ...... 39,33 Lopatinskij Evgenij ...... 6,00 Kos Vladimír ...... 12,00 Larsen Peder ...... 6,00 Loshinskij Lev ...... 142,86 Košek Vojtěch ...... 3,00 Larsson Bror ...... 22,00 Louma Josef ...... 3,33 Kosolapov Nikolaj ...... 2,33 Larsson Lennart ...... 1,00 Louridas Panos ...... 1,00 Kostjukov Alexandr ...... 2,00 Latzel Gerhard ...... 29,50 Loustau Jean-Marc ...... 72,33 Kotěšovec Václav ...... 26,00 Laube Johann ...... 0,83 Loustau Pierre ...... 0,50 Kotov Alexej ...... 6,67 Laue Hartmut ...... 24,50 Low Niels ...... 1,00 Kotov Andrej ...... 0,83 Laurent-Lund Harald ...... 2,00 Loveiko F...... 1,00 Kovács Flórián ...... 10,00 Lauritzen Oskar ...... 1,00 Lubton Yehuda ...... 3,50 Kovács Norbert ...... 6,00 Lavaud Marc ...... 1,67 Lukashev Viktor ...... 0,50 Kovačević Marjan ...... 65,33 Lazard Fred ...... 2,00 Lukjanov Valentin ...... 26,50 Kovalenko Boris ...... 1,00 Lazdiňš Erik ...... 1,00 Lukjanov Viktor ...... 0,50 Kovalenko Vitalij ...... 24,17 Láznička Anton ...... 1,67 Lundström Anders ...... 8,42 Kovalič Ján ...... 1,50 Le Gleuher Thierry ...... 12,50 Lurje Boris ...... 1,00 Kovbasa Oleg ...... 0,50 Lebedev A ...... 2,00 Luukkonen Emil ...... 2,00 Kozdon Baldur ...... 57,50 Lebedev Alexandr ...... 0,50 Lyris Basil ...... 3,50 Kozhakin Vladimir ...... 5,83 Lebedev Jurij ...... 0,50 Lyris Vasilios ...... 0,00 Kozilov Georgij ...... 0,50 Lebedkin Elisej ...... 2,50 Lytton Cedric C...... 1,00 Kozinka Ján ...... 1,00 Lecomte Roland ...... 1,00 Lyubashevski Leonid ...... 4,33 Kozirev Vasilij ...... 3,89 Lehen Ľudovít ...... 12,00 Lörinc Juraj ...... 16,33 Kozjura Gennadij ...... 4,50 Lehmkuhl Alex ...... 1,50 Löwe Roland ...... 0,25 Kozlov Alexandr ...... 0,50 Lehun Evgenij ...... 3,83 Maas Johan (Hendrih) ...... 1,00 Kozlowski Szajwa ...... 5,00 Leibovici Paul ...... 3,50 Mach Zdeněk ...... 15,00 Kralin Nikolaj ...... 75,28 Leick Wilhelm ...... 3,33 Machs Voldemar ...... 3,00 Krastev Stilian ...... 3,00 Leites Samuil ...... 7,00 Macleod Norman ...... 75,50 Krejcik Josef ...... 1,67 Lender Baruch ...... 2,00 Madsen Arthur ...... 12,00 Krelenbaum Sz ...... 2,00 Leon-Martin Gabriel ...... 8,00 Maeder Thomas ...... 10,75 Kricheli Josif ...... 99,67 Leontjeva Nadezhda ...... 3,00 Mahno Sergej ...... 1,00 Krishnamurthy T. S...... 1,50 Leopold Rudolf ...... 1,00 Makarenko Piotr ...... 0,33 Krivenko V...... 1,00 Lepuschütz Hans ...... 57,50 Makaronez Leonid ...... 17,08 Křivohlávek Josef ...... 1,00 Lerch Jan ...... 1,67 Makhatadze Dzemal ...... 2,17 Krizhanivsky Vasil ...... 0,83 Letzen Einar ...... 2,00 Malafienko Nikolaj ...... 1,00 Križovenský Marián ...... 2,00 Lewandowski Andrzej ...... 22,50 Malakhov Nikolaj ...... 5,00 Krjuchkov Sergej ...... 14,33 Levin Carl ...... 0,50 Maleika Gerhard ...... 19,00 Kruk Henryk ...... 1,00 Lewis Brian ...... 0,00 Malek Jaroslav ...... 1,00 Krämer Adolf ...... 5,83 Lewis Tony ...... 1,00 Malmström Birger ...... 2,00 Krämer Wilhelm ...... 1,33 Lewitt Moritz ...... 1,67 Malmström Elias ...... 1,00 Krätschmer Ralf ...... 8,00 Levman Semen ...... 18,50 Mandil Jose ...... 8,33 Kröger Esko ...... 1,00 Lhagvasuren Gombosurengin ...... 1,00 Mandinjan Ruben ...... 0,83 Kubbel Arvid ...... 6,33 L'hermet Rudolf ...... 1,00 Mandler Artur ...... 97,17 Kubbel Evgenij ...... 5,00 Libiš Zdeněk ...... 5,00 Manev Dimitr ...... 1,00 Kubbel Leonid ...... 44,50 Liburkin Mark ...... 34,67 Mangalis Laimons ...... 3,00 Kuchler Herbert ...... 1,00 Lider Valentin ...... 24,00 Manhart Markus ...... 18,25 Kuhlmann Jörg ...... 1,17 Lilja Heimo ...... 1,67 Manjakhin Alexandr ...... 5,00 Kuijers L ...... 1,00 Lillja John ...... 1,00 Manjakhin Sergej ...... 1,67 Kukin GennadijK...... 0,50 Limats– Sergej ...... 0,50MManner Eero ...... 2,00 Kuligin Nikolaij ...... 1,00 Limbach Mariusz ...... 2,00 Manolescu Mircea ...... 21,00 Kummer Konrad ...... 0,00 Limbach Saturnin ...... 20,00 Mansarliskij Nikolaj ...... 6,67 Kuner Hans ...... 0,00 Lind Carl-Erik ...... 2,00 Mansfield Comins ...... 94,33 Kunetický Otakar (Grössl) ...... 1,00 Lind Jens ...... 1,00 Mansurov Nasir ...... 2,00 Kuntsche Werner ...... 1,00 Lindberger Örjan ...... 0,33 Manveljan Alexandr ...... 10,83 Kupper Josef ...... 1,00 Lindeberg Martin ...... 1,00 Marandjuk Mikhail ...... 95,67 Kurjatnikov Anatolij ...... 1,83 Linden A. F. C. v. d...... 0,00 Mari Alberto ...... 20,00 Kutzborski Dieter ...... 4,00 Linden Dieter ...... 0,50 Mariani Stefano ...... 2,00 Kuzmichev Vladimir ...... 1,50 Lindgren Bo ...... 112,97 Marin Valentin ...... 6,00 Kuzmin Valentin ...... 0,83 Lindgren Frithiof ...... 9,50 Marker Jurij ...... 12,08 Kuznetsov Alexandr ...... 56,17 Lindner László ...... 29,50 Markov Evgenij ...... 3,50 Kuznetsov Anatolij ...... 48,89 Lindström Ismo ...... 1,50 Markovskij Georgij ...... 3,00 Kuznetsov Mikhail ...... 22,75 Ling Gustaf ...... 1,67 Markovskij Grigorij ...... 12,00 Kuznetsov Pavel G...... 0,50 Linss Torsten ...... 36,08 Markovtsij Vasyl ...... 4,50 Kuzovkov Alexandr ...... 113,67 Lipton Michael ...... 31,50 Marks Udo ...... 0,50 Kvezereli Elgudza ...... 1,67 Liskovec Valerij ...... 0,50 Marte et Arte ...... 1,00 Kwiatkowski Marek ...... 16,83 List Reto ...... 10,83 Martin Godefroy ...... 5,00 Künzelmann Jens ...... 1,00 Litvinov Viktor ...... 0,50 Martoudis Pantelis ...... 10,50 Köhnlein Friedrich ...... 3,00 Livshits Eduard ...... 19,00 Martsvalashvili Ruzvelt ...... 0,83 König Emmerich ...... 0,83 Ljapunov Igor ...... 2,50 Maruta Hidajat ...... 10,17 Labai Zoltán ...... 28,75 Ljubomirović Dragan ...... 0,50 Marwitz Jan ...... 22,50 Laborczi Zoltán ...... 4,50 Ljungman Reino ...... 3,33 Maryško Miloš ...... 1,00 Lačný Ľudovít ...... 25,50 Llamas Juan Garcia ...... 1,00 Masanek Erwin ...... 1,33 Laib Kurt ...... 2,50 Lobodinski Grigorij ...... 5,50 Mašek Zdeněk ...... 2,00 Laiho Aulis ...... 1,33 Lobusov Andrej ...... 88,83 Maslar Zdravko ...... 29,83 Laisaari Mauno ...... 3,33 Lochet Jean ...... 1,00 Massmann Wilhelm ...... 12,83 Lange Hans ...... 1,00 Loewenton Leon ...... 13,00 Mathot-Roly Georges ...... 0,00 Langstaff William ...... 1,00 Lois Jorge ...... 25,83 Mátouš Mario ...... 20,00

FIDE-Album points 60. Matoušek František ...... 21,00 Murasov Evgenij ...... 0,83 Osintsev Sergej ...... 9,72 Matthews Robin C. O...... 57,50 Murdzia Piotr ...... 1,00 Ostruh Boris ...... 4,00 Mattison Herman ...... 20,00 Murkisch Godehard ...... 13,50 Ott Hans ...... 2,00 Maximovich Alexandr ...... 1,67 Musante Horatio L...... 13,50 Ott Markus ...... 8,42 Maximovskikh Alexandr ...... 24,33 Myhre Erling ...... 2,00 Otto Franciszek ...... 1,00 Mazul Waldemar ...... 21,00 Müller Dieter ...... 38,42 Oudot Jean ...... 22,00 Mazur Oleg ...... 2,50 Müller Frank ...... 1,00 Ouellet Charles ...... 1,00 Mařík Bernhard ...... 1,00 Müller Heinz ...... 0,50 Ovchinnikov Valentin ...... 5,67 Mc Queen F. D...... 1,00 Müller Henning ...... 2,00 Overkamp Petrus ...... 10,00 McDowell Michael ...... 2,50 Myllyniemi Matti ...... 69,83 Paalanen Erkki ...... 3,00 Meergans Zdeněk ...... 1,00 Mäkihovi Ilmari ...... 1,50 Paavilainen Jorma ...... 6,17 Mees Wouter ...... 11,67 Mänttä Teppo ...... 2,00 Pabouček Josef ...... 1,00 Meinking Daniel ...... 7,83 Nadareishvili Gia ...... 85,00 Pachl Franz ...... 81,42 Mellerowicz Thomas ...... 1,00 Nadezhdin Nikolaj ...... 2,00 Pachman Luděk ...... 3,33 Melnichenko Viktor ...... 40,58 Nafarrate Carlos ...... 0,50 Pachman Vladimír ...... 112,33 Mendes de Moraes Filho ...... 3,00 Nagler Alois ...... 0,00 Packa Ladislav ...... 2,00 Menkis Herman ...... 3,00 Nagnybida Leonid ...... 0,50 Packer G.H.F...... 1,00 Mentasti Gino ...... 10,00 Nagnybida Mikola ...... 6,83 Palatz Franz ...... 14,00 Mertz Erich ...... 0,33 Nagy Ödön ...... 3,00 Palevich Mechislav ...... 4,50 Mesman Hendrik ...... 1,67 Nahshoni Shuki ...... 1,67 Palitzsch Friedrich ...... 0,00 Metlickij Vladislav ...... 1,00 Nanning Frederik W...... 12,00 Paliulionis Viktoras ...... 1,00 Metzenauer Ferdinand ...... 5,00 Nanning Willem ...... 1,50 Palkoska Emil ...... 18,00 Meylan Horacio ...... 0,50 Nanz Walter ...... 1,00 Paluzie Jose ...... 6,00 Michel Francois ...... 7,00 Narayanan Chithathur Gopalan S. .. 9,50 Pancaldo Julio ...... 0,50 Micu Nicolae ...... 18,33 Nascimento Rui ...... 1,50 Pandzhakidze Nikolaj ...... 0,83 Migunov Sergej ...... 1,67 Nastran Janez ...... 6,50 Pankov Vladimir ...... 1,67 Mihajlovski Zlatko ...... 5,50 Navon Emanuel ...... 3,00 Pankratjev Alexandr ...... 8,58 Mikan Ilja ...... 49,50 Nedeljković Miomir ...... 1,00 Pantazis Stefanos ...... 1,33 Milenković Stanko ...... 2,00 Nefjodov Vladislav ...... 4,00 Papack Daniel ...... 18,83 Miljanić Mirko ...... 1,67 Neidze Vazha ...... 39,17 Papakonstantinou Efthimios ...... 2,00 Millins James ...... 1,00 Neiman Moisei ...... 7,33 Pape Eduard ...... 2,00 Millour René ...... 2,50 Neistadt Vladimir ...... 9,72 Parfirjev Viktor ...... 1,00 Milošeski Bosko ...... 9,00 Nelson Nels ...... 1,00 Parfirjev Vladimir ...... 0,50 Milovanović Živko ...... 1,50 Nemcov Andrej ...... 2,00 Parhi Uuno ...... 1,67 Miltner Vratislav ...... 6,00 Nemo (Weiss) Ottmar ...... 0,50 Páros György ...... 86,83 Mindadze R...... 0,50 Nerong Otto ...... 0,00 Parrinello Mario ...... 25,00 Mintz Yaakov ...... 17,50 Nešić Milivoj ...... 19,50 Parthasarathy M...... 13,50 Mirri Giorgio ...... 2,00 Nestorescu Virgil ...... 74,67 Paslack Rainer ...... 5,50 Missiaen Roger ...... 8,33 Neukomm Gyula ...... 9,50 Pásztor József ...... 2,00 Mitjushin Anatolij ...... 1,00 Neuman Itzhak ...... 2,00 Patzke Chris ...... 0,50 Mitrofanov Leopold ...... 38,89 Neumann Imre ...... 2,00 Pauly Wolfgang ...... 24,00 Mladenović Miodrag ...... 60,17 Neunyvako Pavel ...... 4,50 Pavlov Jurij ...... 1,50 Mladenović Slobodan ...... 10,67 Nielsen Karl ...... 3,00 Pavlov Mikhail ...... 6,50 Mlynka Karol ...... 19,25 Nielsen Kristian ...... 3,00 Pavlov Miklos ...... 0,50 Mochalkin Alexandr ...... 21,67 Nielsen Kristian ...... 8,00 Pechenkin Piotr ...... 9,17 Moder Janez ...... 1,00 Niemann John ...... 7,00 Peckover Joseph ...... 7,50 Modin Carl ...... 1,00 Niemeijer Meindert ...... 21,83 Pedersen Eigil ...... 8,50 Moldovanskij ArkadijM...... 1,50 Nieroba Manfred ...... –0,50 PedersenP Iver ...... 1,00 Moller Jorgen ...... 2,00 Nietvelt Gustave ...... 2,00 Pedersen Jens ...... 4,00 Molnár Arpád ...... 24,00 Nikitin Vladimir ...... 1,67 Pedersen Lars ...... 0,33 Mongredien Alfred ...... 2,50 Nikolajev Vladimir ...... 3,17 Penrose Lionel ...... 0,00 Monreal Pierre ...... 4,33 Nikoletić Vukota ...... 9,50 Peretiaka E...... 1,00 Montanari Marcello ...... 2,00 Nissl Theodor ...... 0,00 Peris Julio ...... 16,00 Monteiro da Silveira M...... 1,00 Noack Ludwig ...... 0,00 Perkonoja Pauli ...... 38,50 Moore Robert ...... 2,00 Nord Karl-Erik ...... 1,00 Permjakov Evgenij ...... 0,50 Moravec Josef ...... 35,00 Nordlohne Marcel ...... 4,00 Pernarić Josip ...... 1,50 Morgenthaler Helmuth ...... 1,00 Novejarque Francisco ...... 6,00 Peronace Carlos ...... 1,67 Morice Jean ...... 17,00 Novis Mario ...... 0,50 Perrone Gaspar J...... 1,00 Morozov Vladimir ...... 1,83 Novitskij Piotr ...... 1,00 Perrone Leonardo G...... 1,00 Morra Juan ...... 0,00 Nyeviczkey Lóránd ...... 3,33 Persson Lars ...... 1,00 Morse Jeremy ...... 8,00 Ojanen Antti ...... 15,67 Persson Manne ...... 26,00 Mortensen Jan ...... 5,50 O'Keefe John ...... 0,00 Pervakov Oleg ...... 74,06 Mosely Arthur ...... 1,00 Olimpiev Bronislav ...... 15,00 Petersen Christian ...... 1,00 Moser Hans ...... 6,00 Olin Per ...... 1,67 Petersen Filip ...... 1,00 Mosiashvili Givi ...... 9,00 Oliva Zdeněk ...... 1,00 Petite Efrén ...... 4,00 Mott-Smith Geoffrey ...... 1,25 Olmuckij Lev ...... 1,67 Petkov Petko ...... 333,50 Moutecidis Pavlos ...... 49,33 Olson Anders ...... 3,00 Petri Max ...... 1,00 Movsovich Jakov ...... 1,00 Onate Eugenio ...... 3,33 Petrov Dmitrij ...... 11,67 Mroczek Gerhard ...... 1,50 Onitiu Valerian ...... 9,75 Petrov Evgenij ...... 0,50 Mugnos Jose ...... 1,67 Onkoud Abdelaziz ...... 1,00 Petrović Dragan ...... 3,00 Muhltaller Sebastian ...... 0,00 Opalek Cyril ...... 1,00 Petrović Nenad ...... 115,95 Mullner Kurt ...... 5,00 Opdenoordt Joseph ...... 1,00 Petrović Tomislav ...... 0,25 Mumme W...... 0,00 Orbán Tibor ...... 1,00 Petrushenko Alexej ...... 0,50 Munck Andreas ...... 4,00 Oreshin Alexandr ...... 8,00 Pevsner Mark ...... 0,50 Munz Rupert ...... 4,00 Orlimont P.A. (Krieger) ...... 7,50 Pfaue Hans ...... 0,00 Murarasu Ion ...... 2,00 Ornstein Axel ...... 6,39 Pfeiffer Wieczyslav ...... 2,00

FIDE-Album points 61. Pflughaupt Wilfried ...... 0,00 Reek Jan van ...... 5,56 Sakharov Boris ...... 24,17 Piatesi Antonio ...... 20,50 Reeves Christopher ...... 19,00 Sakharov Sergej ...... 14,00 Pigits Zigurd ...... 5,50 Rehm Hans Peter ...... 202,70 Salai Ladislav jr ...... 15,50 Pilchenko Vjacheslav ...... 49,33 Rehn Gunnar ...... 4,50 Salai Ladislav sr ...... 5,00 Pilipenko Viktor ...... 0,50 Reich Hans-Peter ...... 0,33 Salama Leon ...... 0,00 Pimenov Sergej ...... 1,33 Reichling Gerd ...... 2,00 Salardini Erio ...... 0,00 Pimenov Vitalij ...... 1,50 Reinhold Frank ...... 6,33 Salazar Francisco ...... 28,00 Pirogov N ...... 2,00 Reitsen Evgenij ...... 1,83 Saletić Slobodan ...... 0,50 Pirrone dott. Santi ...... 11,00 Remling Christian ...... 1,00 Sallay Béla ...... 3,33 Pituk Alexander ...... 18,17 Restad Birger ...... 1,00 Salonen Veikko ...... 1,00 Plaksin Nikita ...... 16,50 Réti Richard ...... 15,00 Samilo Vladimir ...... 1,33 Platov Mikhail ...... 7,50 Retter Yosi ...... 44,50 Sammelius Carel J. R...... 36,50 Platov Vasilij ...... 6,67 Reunanen Unto ...... 1,50 Samotugov Evgenij ...... 2,00 Plesnivý Emil ...... 11,00 Rezinkin Valerij ...... 3,00 Sander S ...... 1,00 Pletenev Nikolaj ...... 4,50 Rezvov Nikolaj ...... 11,17 Santiago Joao ...... 5,50 Pochtarev Konstantin ...... 2,00 Ribakov Vasilij ...... 1,00 Sanz Candela Rafael ...... 1,00 Pogáts József ...... 1,00 Rice John M...... 47,33 Saren Ilkka ...... 1,67 Pogosjanc Ernest ...... 70,50 Rice Russell ...... 1,00 Sarkits Anatolij ...... 1,83 Poisson Christian ...... 24,58 Rice William ...... 2,00 Sarychev Alexandr ...... 30,83 Polaček Ladislav ...... 1,00 Richter Emil ...... 5,00 Sarychev Kiril ...... 0,83 Polák Peter ...... 1,00 Richter Frank ...... 5,00 Savalle André ...... 1,00 Polin Gennadij ...... 0,83 Richter František ...... 30,67 Savchenko Vladimir ...... 5,00 Polk Harry ...... 1,50 Richter Ralf ...... 1,67 Savournin Jacques ...... 17,50 Ponomarev Rashid ...... 3,50 Ricketts Thomas C. D...... 10,50 Savournin Jean ...... 1,00 Pontois Raymond le ...... 0,50 Rietveld Johannes ...... 30,00 Sazin Vjacheslav ...... 2,00 Popandopulo Avenir ...... 29,00 Riihimaa Olavi ...... 6,67 Schade van Westrum Louis ...... 1,50 Popkov Nikolaj ...... 0,50 Rimkus Mečislovas ...... 0,50 Schaffner Gerold ...... 1,50 Popov Georgij ...... 2,83 Rinck Henri ...... 30,00 Schaller Klaus ...... 2,00 Popov Mikhail ...... 1,00 Rinder Gerd ...... 20,17 Schauer Bernhard ...... 28,00 Popov Valerij ...... 3,00 Rindoien R ...... 1,00 Scheel Johan ...... 20,50 Popp Willy ...... 2,00 Ring Ulrich ...... 3,50 Schiffmann Israel ...... 17,33 Pospíšil Jaroslav ...... 8,33 Ringeltaube Norbert ...... 1,00 Schildberg Eduard ...... 0,00 Post Erhard ...... 1,67 Rittirsch Manfred ...... 22,17 Schiller Anton ...... 0,50 Postma Bernardus ...... 1,00 Rivkin Boris ...... 0,83 Schlarko Josif ...... 2,00 Postnikov Alexandr ...... 18,83 Rjabinin Nikolaj ...... 47,22 Schlosser Michael ...... 1,75 Prandstetter Eduard ...... 3,00 Robert Philippe ...... 12,50 Schluter Walter ...... 0,00 Prcic Mike ...... 2,50 Roche Jean ...... 5,67 Schmidt Udo ...... 1,00 Prentos Costas ...... 1,00 Rohr Hugo ...... 2,00 Schmitt Adalbert ...... 1,00 Prete Rodolfo ...... 1,00 Rosenfeld Isai ...... 1,00 Schmitt Olivier ...... 1,00 Preziosi Bruno ...... 0,00 Rosenkilde Harry ...... 0,00 Schmitz Hans-Heinrich ...... 16,00 Prigunov Vjacheslav ...... 3,33 Roslov Jurij ...... 3,33 Schneider Michael ...... 33,50 Prikril Mato ...... 1,50 Rosner Eugene ...... 2,00 Schneider Stefan ...... 30,83 Prins Henk ...... 36,67 Rosolak Wladyslaw ...... 6,50 Schneider Vilmos ...... 28,00 Prokeš Ladislav ...... 38,33 Rossetti Juan ...... 0,00 Schnirel W...... 0,50 Prokop František J...... 10,33 Rossolimo Nikolai ...... 0,83 Schoen Gerhard ...... 1,00 Promislo Charles ...... 3,00 Rossomakho Felix ...... 7,50 Schór László ...... 7,50 Pronkin Dmitrij ...... 4,50 Rossomakho Jakov ...... 21,50 Schories Georg ...... 1,00 Proskurowski WlodzimierzP...... 3,33 Rotenberg – Jacques ...... 19,58 SSchrader Carl ...... 0,50 Pruscha Helmut ...... 3,00 Roth Zvi ...... 7,17 Schreckenbach Michael ...... 11,50 Prytz Rud ...... 14,00 Rothenberg Philip ...... 0,50 Schuller E.G...... 3,00 Przepiórka Dawid ...... 21,00 Rothmann Bernard ...... 0,50 Schulz Friedrich ...... 1,00 Pugachev Sergej ...... 17,00 Roxlau Michael ...... 3,33 Schutte Ernst ...... 0,50 Puhakka Erkki ...... 6,00 Roycroft John A...... 6,83 Schwalbach Michael ...... 1,00 Puig y Puig Esteban ...... 2,00 Rubesamen Heinrich ...... 1,00 Schweig Géza ...... 1,50 Puig-Ambros Estanislao ...... 2,00 Rudenko Valentin ...... 196,42 Schwers Johann ...... 3,33 Pushkin Sergej ...... 2,00 Ruja Zanis ...... 1,00 Schwind Heinz ...... 3,25 Pye Robert ...... 1,67 Rukhlis Efim ...... 22,33 Schönberger Tibor ...... 1,00 Pypa Vladimir ...... 0,33 Rumjantsev Sergej ...... 3,67 Schöneberg Achim ...... 2,00 Převorovský Emil ...... 5,33 Runquist Kjell ...... 1,67 Schönholzer Andreas ...... 4,00 Přibyl Václav ...... 6,00 Ruonala Lauri ...... 1,67 Scotti Louis ...... 6,00 Quack Johannes ...... 1,00 Ruppin Raffi ...... 10,00 Sedej Sergeij ...... 39,25 Queck Rudolf ...... 1,83 Rusek Jan ...... 32,00 Sedgwick Stanley ...... 0,00 Queckenstädt Wilhelm ...... 1,67 Rusenescu Eugen ...... 2,50 Sedlák Luděk ...... 3,33 Quike Julian ...... 1,00 Rusinek Jan ...... 87,67 Sečkár Miloš ...... 1,67 Radi Ladislav ...... 1,50 Russ Colin A. H...... 0,00 Segers Marcel ...... 9,00 Ralík Oliver ...... 1,00 Ruszczyński Piotr ...... 27,00 Seib Wilhelm ...... 1,00 Randviir Jüri ...... 6,00 Rutberg Nils ...... 7,00 Seibt Wolfram ...... 0,50 Rasch-Nielsen Poul ...... 9,00 Rychkov Vladimir ...... 11,83 Seider Shlomo ...... 44,58 Rasmussen Henry ...... 1,00 Räikkönen Martti ...... 1,67 Seilberger Jan ...... 4,00 Rautanen Aleksis ...... 4,00 Röpke Wilhelm ...... 1,00 Selb Hans ...... 1,50 Rauzer Vsevolod ...... 3,33 Sabadini Carlos ...... 1,00 Seleckij Alexandr ...... 3,33 Ravenscroft Frank ...... 0,50 Sablinski Mihail ...... 1,50 Selivanov Andrej ...... 20,86 Raz Josef ...... 0,50 Sabol František ...... 5,50 Sells Christopher ...... 9,67 Razumenko Viktor ...... 8,06 Sackmann Franz ...... 9,33 Selman Johan ...... 2,50 Razumenko Vladimir ...... 1,67 Sadikov Alexej ...... 1,67 Semenenko Olexandr ...... 4,67 Rduch Franciszek ...... 5,00 Sailas Raimo ...... 3,00 Semenenko Valerij ...... 4,00

FIDE-Album points 62. Seneca Camil ...... 17,00 Sonnenfeld Felix A...... 17,83 Szwedowski Leopold ...... 41,00 Seppälä Matti ...... 1,67 Soroka Ivan ...... 28,67 Szöghy József ...... 22,83 Sereda Viktor ...... 1,67 Sorokin Evgenij ...... 4,67 Takács Péter ...... 1,00 Servais Albert ...... 3,00 Sosedkin Mikhail ...... 1,00 Talabér László ...... 4,50 Sevitov Boris ...... 2,50 Sost Jurij ...... 0,50 Tallec Yves ...... 1,00 Sevrjuk Mikhail ...... 0,50 Soukup Miroslav ...... 2,00 Talmi Itzhak ...... 0,50 Shalish Yacov ...... 0,00 Soukup-Bardon Břetislav ...... 16,00 Tamminen Veikko ...... 4,00 Shamir Shaul ...... 0,83 Sovík Štefan ...... 32,00 Tanner Henry ...... 5,50 Shanahan Ian ...... 2,00 Sparke Arthur ...... 3,00 Tanttinen Eino ...... 2,00 Shankar Ram Narayan ...... 43,50 Speckmann Werner ...... 58,17 Taraba Jozef ...... 3,00 Shanshin Valerij ...... 61,67 Sphicas George ...... 26,17 Tarasjuk Vladislav ...... 2,50 Shaw E. H...... 1,00 Spirin Andrej ...... 2,00 Tarnopolsky K ...... 0,83 Shavyrin Valerij ...... 39,00 Spåre Carl-Erik ...... 1,00 Tatranský Ivan ...... 1,00 Shavyrin Vladimir ...... 1,00 Štambuk Sveto ...... 3,50 Tauber Theodor ...... 9,08 Sheppard Charles ...... 5,83 Stan Mihail ...... 0,50 Tavariani Revaz ...... 13,67 Shif Vladimir ...... 18,67 Stanković Dražen ...... 0,50 Taylor Stephen ...... 0,50 Shifrin Semion ...... 0,50 Stapff Hermann ...... 0,83 Tazberík Ján ...... 2,67 Shinkarenko Gennadij ...... 1,50 Staudte Hans ...... 13,50 Telkes Imre ...... 10,00 Shinkman William ...... 8,50 Stavretskij Alexandr ...... 2,50 Teodoru Gheorghi ...... 1,00 Shire David ...... 0,50 Stein Irwin ...... 1,00 Terho Johannes ...... 3,33 Shorek Mordechay ...... 2,33 Stephenson Brian ...... 0,50 Termaat Nicolaas ...... 1,00 Shorokhov Boris ...... 1,50 Steudel Theodor ...... 23,33 Ternblad Helmer ...... 6,00 Shupletsov Vladimir ...... 3,33 Steudner Martin ...... 0,25 Teslja Ivan ...... 0,50 Shurjakov Alexandr ...... 1,50 Stewart John ...... 2,50 Than Sergiu ...... 3,00 Shvichenko Alexandr ...... 4,83 Stibbe Kurt ...... 0,50 Thomas Georg ...... 5,00 Siapera Trandaphilos ...... 0,00 Stimson James ...... 1,50 Thomson Robert ...... 3,00 Sick Oliver ...... 1,00 Štípa Bohumil ...... 8,50 Thoren Gunnar ...... 4,00 Sickinger Peter ...... 11,00 Štěpán Ludvík ...... 15,50 Thorne Herbert ...... 0,50 Sidorov Boris ...... 3,50 Stjopochkin Anatolij ...... 19,00 Thorsson Allan ...... 2,00 Siers Theodor ...... 22,50 Stocchi Ottavio ...... 34,00 Tigerschiöld Bo ...... 1,33 Siklósi Pál ...... 1,00 Stockman Curt ...... 2,00 Tikhankov Vladimir ...... 0,50 Silberman Giora ...... 1,00 Stojanov Kiril ...... 7,00 Tikkanen Tapani ...... 6,50 Silkov Leonid ...... 1,67 Stojchev Konstantin ...... 1,00 Timman Jan ...... 0,83 Silva da Sebastiao ...... 10,00 Stojnić Dragan ...... 3,00 Timonin Vladimir ...... 16,17 Silveira Monteiro ...... 0,00 Stojnić Mihailo ...... 9,00 Tinebra Vincenzo ...... 4,00 Simkhovich Froim ...... 14,67 Stojoski Petre ...... 8,00 Tiong Gien Oey ...... 0,33 Simoni Francesco ...... 15,00 Stolev Nikola ...... 10,50 Tipary Eduard ...... 0,00 Sinakjevich Sergej ...... 0,50 Stoljarov Vitalij ...... 3,50 Tisserand D ...... 0,50 Šindelář Miroslav ...... 12,67 Storisteanu Adrian ...... 2,00 Tjavlovskij Vitalij ...... 18,33 Siotis Nikos ...... 12,33 Stošić Miroslav ...... 10,00 Tjulin Jurij ...... 5,00 Sirov V...... 1,00 Strange-Petersen Orla ...... 2,00 Tkachenko Sergej Ivanovich ...... 10,50 Sisyphos ...... 1,00 Strerath Otto ...... 6,00 Tkachenko Sergej Nikolajevich ..... 31,67 Sivák Bohuslav ...... 1,67 Strydom Jan ...... 2,00 Toger Alexandr ...... 1,00 Sizonenko Viktor ...... 37,50 Strzala Kazimierz ...... 1,00 Togoohuu L...... 1,00 Skoba Ivan ...... 3,00 Stubbs Arthur ...... 2,50 Tolmachev Lev ...... 0,83 Skogsenden Karl ...... 1,00 Stucker Bruno ...... 2,50 Tolstoj Stanislav ...... 7,00 Skrinnik Olexandr ...... 3,67 Subotić Miroslav ...... 3,00 Tomašević Miloš ...... 3,17 Skuja Roman ...... S3,33 Subrahmanyam– Swaminatha ...... 3,50 TTomašević Radovan ...... 2,92 Sladek Gerald ...... 9,00 Suchodolski Wlodzimierz ...... 6,00 Tomić Živa ...... 2,00 Slavicek Ivo ...... 1,00 Suhr Hans ...... 1,00 Tominić Ivo ...... 21,50 Slepjan Grigorij ...... 10,00 Sukhitashvili Shergili ...... 5,00 Topko Leonid ...... 1,67 Slesarenko Anatolij ...... 68,83 Šulc Jindřich ...... 7,67 Toptsejev Leonid ...... 3,33 Slobodenjuk Valerij ...... 1,00 Šulc Radovan ...... 0,50 Tóth Gyula ...... 3,00 Slobodian Orest ...... 1,00 Sumbatjan Karen ...... 6,94 Trautner Rolf ...... 2,00 Smedley Donald ...... 16,67 Sunyer Julio ...... 2,50 Traxler Karel ...... 19,00 Smit Geert ...... 6,00 Surkov Ruslan ...... 9,00 Tribowski Marcel ...... 45,17 Smith J.A.J...... 2,00 Surkov Valerij ...... 0,50 Trilling Anton ...... 8,50 Smits Gerard ...... 22,50 Sushkov Jurij ...... 30,50 Trillon Jean-Michel ...... 13,00 Smogorzevskij Alexandr ...... 3,00 Šutara Josef ...... 8,00 Trinks Otto ...... 4,50 Smotrov Sergej ...... 13,00 Sutter Alfred ...... 5,00 Troitskij Alexej ...... 26,06 Smulders Kurt ...... 4,00 Suwe Hanspeter ...... 2,00 Trojanovskij Vladimir ...... 2,00 Snajder Joze ...... 1,00 Suvorov Ivan ...... 1,00 Trommler Sven ...... 12,50 Sobek Karel ...... 1,00 Suvorov Jakov ...... 2,00 Tronov Mikhail ...... 2,00 Sobolevskij Piotr ...... 1,00 Swane John ...... 9,00 Truck Hugo ...... 1,00 Sochniev Alexej ...... 28,33 Swindley Cyril ...... 0,50 Trzęsowski Andrzej ...... 9,00 Sohnemann Kurt ...... 0,50 Svjatov Gennadij ...... 2,50 Tschöpe Jürgen ...... 2,50 Sokka Hannu ...... 1,50 Sychev Vladimir ...... 14,50 Tsirulik Stepan ...... 2,00 Sokolenko Lev ...... 0,83 Sydenham Colin ...... 30,50 Tsvetkov Jarov ...... 4,00 Sola Pentti ...... 8,67 Sypniewski Karol ...... 2,00 Tubin Haran ...... 0,50 Soldatov Vladimir ...... 1,00 Szabo Michael ...... 1,00 Tuhan-Baranowski Leon ...... 1,00 Solovjev Alexej ...... 3,33 Szabó Tibor ...... 17,50 Tump Raymond ...... 1,00 Solstien Kay ...... 1,00 Szász Lajos ...... 1,00 Tuovinen Jukka ...... 2,00 Somerpuu Vilho ...... 1,83 Szentgyörgyi József ...... 0,83 Tura Waldemar ...... 87,00 Sommer Bruno ...... 1,00 Szerencsics Alois ...... 6,50 Turkstra J. H...... 1,00 Somobov Oleg ...... 1,50 Szilágyi Gábor ...... 1,00 Turner Neal ...... 2,00 Somov-Nasimovich Evgenij ...... 13,83 Sztankovszky Imre ...... 3,50 Tuxen Harry ...... 16,00

FIDE-Album points 63. Tüngler Arno ...... 9,00 Whyatt William ...... 10,50 Zastrow Bruno ...... 6,00 Törngren Pehr ...... 4,00 Widlert Kjell ...... 54,45 Zedek František ...... 2,00 Udalov Boris ...... 0,50 Wiedenhoff Claude ...... 16,33 Zelepukin Nikolaj ...... 2,00 Udartsev Valentin ...... 13,42 Wiedermann Peter ...... 1,00 Zemljanskij Jurij ...... 0,83 Udartsev Vladimir ...... 4,50 Wiehagen Rolf ...... 10,83 Zepler Erich ...... 52,83 Uddgren Anders ...... 9,00 Vieira Ricardo ...... 5,67 Zharkov Nikolaj ...... 1,50 Ugren Ljubomir ...... 9,83 Wiereyn P. H...... 1,00 Zharkov Nikolaj ...... 1,00 Ulbricht Rolf ...... 1,00 Wiesel Josef ...... 5,00 Zheglov Viktor ...... 4,00 Ulehla Johann ...... 0,00 Viesturs Nikolaj ...... 1,00 Zheltonozhko Vladimir ...... 5,58 Ullmann Josef ...... 1,67 Wiewiorowski Lucjan ...... 4,00 Zhukovin Konstantin ...... 2,00 Umnov Evgenij ...... 25,50 Wijker Albert ...... 1,00 Zhuravlev Andrej ...... 14,17 Umnov German ...... 18,50 Vilkauskas Antanas ...... 1,00 Zhygalov Alexandr ...... 0,50 Unwin George ...... 0,00 Willemsens Louis C...... 0,00 Zickermann Albert ...... 0,50 Ursegov Jakov ...... 1,50 Villeneuve-Esclapon Jean ...... 3,83 Zidek Alexander ...... 14,00 Ursic Andrej ...... 0,00 Vilner Jakov ...... 3,00 Zigis Sergej ...... 5,00 Usmanov Rashid ...... 1,83 Wilson Vaux ...... 2,00 Žigman Matjaz ...... 4,83 Wachenhusen Christoph ...... 0,00 Wilts Gerd ...... 1,00 Zilahi Zoltán ...... 13,00 Vagidov Medznun ...... 0,50 Vinchenko Vladimir ...... 5,00 Zinar Michail ...... 8,33 Wahlmark Primus ...... 1,00 Winther Ulrich ...... 1,00 Zinchuk Anatolij ...... 5,00 Wainwright Joseph ...... 1,00 Virgin Eric ...... 1,00 Zinkl Adolf ...... 1,67 Wakashima Tadashi ...... 7,00 Wirtanen Erkki ...... 26,00 Zinovjev Valerij ...... 0,50 Vakhlakov Jurij ...... 8,50 Virtanen Kauko ...... 2,00 Zipf Volker ...... 20,50 Valciňš Eduard ...... 1,00 Virtmanis Andris ...... 0,50 Zipperlin Otto ...... 0,00 Waldstein Neandre ...... 3,00 Vishnjevskij Vjacheslav ...... 0,83 Zirkwitz Thorsten ...... 23,50 Valles Vicente ...... 1,67 Visintin Augusto ...... 2,00 Živković Fedor ...... 1,00 Valois P.S...... 1,50 Visserman Eeltje ...... 170,00 Zlatanov Angel ...... 10,50 Valtonen Kari ...... 6,33 Witte Bernardus ...... 2,00 Zlatić Savo ...... 4,50 Valuška Ján ...... 43,50 Wittlich Manfred ...... 1,00 Zolotarev Alexandr ...... 10,50 Valve Leo ...... 20,00 Wittwer Heinrich ...... 0,50 Zoltán László ...... 9,17 Walzinsch Eduard ...... 2,00 Witztum Menachem ...... 4,33 Zucker Manfred ...... 18,50 Van den Heuvel Peter ...... 0,50 Vladimirov Jakov ...... 185,50 Źuk Henryk ...... 7,00 Van der Heijden Harold ...... 0,83 Vladimirov Vjacheslav ...... 12,00 Åkerblom Axel ...... 28,83 Vandecasteele IgnaceT ...... 5,00 Vlasák Emil–...... 3,33ÖÖhrlein Anton ...... 1,00 Vandemeulebroucke Ignaas ...... 2,00 Vlasenko Nikolaj ...... 0,50 Vandiest Julien ...... 1,67 Vlasenko Valerij ...... 6,83 Wardener Friedrich von ...... 1,00 Voia Radu ...... 1,67 Varga Josip ...... 3,50 Wojcik Marian ...... 0,50 Varitskij Alexandr ...... 1,00 Vokál Stanislav ...... 2,50 Varnholt Jörg ...... 1,00 Wolanski Eustachy ...... 2,00 Varov Sergej ...... 0,83 Volchek Viktor ...... 5,00 Warton Joseph ...... 2,00 Volet Thomas ...... 7,33 Warton Thomas ...... 3,00 Volkmann Albert ...... 5,03 Vasilenko Anatolij ...... 22,33 Vollenweider Odette ...... 1,00 Wassong Pascal ...... 0,33 Volobjev Jurij ...... 0,50 Vašta Jan ...... 17,00 Volobjev Sergej ...... 10,50 Wastl Rudolf ...... 1,00 Wong Peter ...... 16,00 Vatarescu Paul ...... 1,00 Wood Walter ...... 1,00 Watney Charles ...... 4,00 Vorobjev Nikolaj ...... 3,00 Watson G ...... 1,00 Voronov Sergej ...... 3,00 Vaughan Colin ...... 1,50 Vostroknutov Anatolij ...... 1,67 Vaulin Evgenij ...... 1,50 Wotawa Alois ...... 41,67 Weber Wolfgang ...... 11,00 Votruba Otokar ...... 16,00 Veders Visvaldis ...... 4,83 Vrabec Franjo ...... 1,67 Weenink Henri ...... 14,00 Wróbel Marian ...... 44,00 Weinheimer Rudolf ...... 1,00 Vukcevich Milan R...... 162,67 Weisert Klaus ...... 1,50 Vuković Vladimir ...... 2,17 Weissauer Hermann ...... 2,50 Wurzburg Otto ...... 17,50 Veliki Mikola ...... 3,50 Vysokosov Andrej ...... 11,67 Velikoslavskij Vladimir ...... 3,00 Väisänen Kauko ...... 0,50 Velimirović Milan ...... 62,67 Yacoubian Garen ...... 2,00 Ven A. van der ...... 5,00 Yamanishi Jorge ...... 2,00 Wenda Jan ...... 16,00 Ylijoki Marko ...... 1,00 Wenda Klaus ...... 53,42 Youngs Joe ...... 1,33 Verdonk Johannes B...... 1,00 Yzarn Xavier ...... 4,00 Wermelinger Charles ...... 0,50 Zábodrocký Emil ...... 0,83 Werner Dieter ...... 11,50 Zabunov Vladimir ...... 12,50 Werner Lennart ...... 3,33 Zagorujko Leonid ...... 38,83 Wertheim David ...... 3,50 Zajic Helmut ...... 10,50 Veselenchuk Semen ...... 1,00 Zakharov Sergej ...... 4,67 Wessels Martin ...... 8,00 Zakhodjakin Gleb ...... 6,67 Westbury Eric ...... 9,50 Zaldo Juan ...... 3,00 Vész Tibor ...... 1,00 Zalkind Lazar ...... 0,00 The first Albums contained an Annex. These Vetešník Ladislav ...... 6,00 Zander Heinz ...... 7,00 problems were not selected by the judges and Vetter Hans ...... 30,00 Zappas Byron ...... 84,00 get no points. This is the reason why many Veurman Jacob ...... 1,67 Zarubin Eduard ...... 1,00 composers have 0 points! White Alain ...... 9,08 Zarur Almiro ...... 14,50

FIDE-Album points 64.