Some Gemological Challenges in Identifying Black Opaque Gem
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Tiger's Eye Is Not a Pseudomorph Glenn Morita in the Early 1800’S, Mineralogists Recognized That Tiger’S Eye Was a Fibrous Variey of Quartz
Minutes of the 05/20/03 Westside Board Meeting VP Stu Earnst opened the meeting at 7:31pm. Treasurer’s report read by Kathy Earnst. Minutes approved as published in the newsletter. Old business: Lease on Walker valley discussed. The expiration notice was sent but we are not sure who it went to. We do not see any obstacle to renewal as communication between the council and DNR are open and ongoing. Special thanks, to DNR representative, Laurie Bergvall and DNR staff for their time and effort in hearing our concerns and working towards mutually beneficial solutions on the Walker Valley issues. Sign production is on hold until the sign committee decides where and what the signs will say. We have decided that they will not be on the gate but separate from it. There will be a gate going up at Walker Valley but we will have access to that lock and it will probably be a combo type of thing that we can easily give to other rockhound clubs going there. Talked about the possibility of posing the combo on website but that will depend on the type of gate they put up and what ends up being possible with the mechanics of that gate. New business: Thank you from Bob Pattie and Ed Lehman to Bruce Himko and AAA Printing for donation of the paper. Thank you to Danny Vandenberg for providing sample Walker Valley Material to DNR to show the value of the material we are trying to preserve and enjoy. Bob Pattie is pursuing with the retrieval of our state seized funds through the unclaimed property process. -
Reflecting on the Moche Past 2000 Years of Mirrors in Andean Art
Reflecting on the Moche Past 2000 Years of Mirrors in Andean Art Reflecting on the Moche Past Mirror Frame Moche, Loma Negra, Peru, AD 500-800 Gilded copper/bronze H. 9 ¼ in. W 5 in. irrors, useful for seeing one’s own image, or for reflecting light, are a commonplace today. But in ancient M times pooled water was the only readily available reflective surface. Artificial mirrors could be made only by processing rare natural substances or forging new man-made materials. Vanity is a universal human trait, and ancient peoples undoubtedly sought to admire their own faces, coiffures, and bodies. Numerous ceramic vessels portray individuals with elaborate coiffures or using pincers (tweezer-like tools) to pluck facial hair. At least two ceramic vessels portray women holding small black disks – presumably mirrors - up to their faces. After the con- quest, Garcilaso de la Vega wrote about mirrors: "Los espejos en que se miravan Las mugeres de LA sangre real eran de Plata muy brunida y Las comunes en acofar [The mirrors in which the women of royal blood looked were of highly polished silver; commoners used bronze mirrors]" libro II cap xxxviii. But pre-Columbian mirrors were undoubtedly used for purposes far more significant than facilitating personal adornment. Mirrors made by labori- ously mining, shaping, and grinding dark, shiny minerals were exchanged over long distances, incorporated in public and private rituals, and sometimes were buried with the dead. Today’s mirrors are made from glass or plastic sheets coated with silver or an- other reflective material. While glass was never manufactured in the ancient Americas, dark volcanic glass – obsidi- an – was sometimes ground flat and polished to produce a reflective sur- face. -
The Hydrous Component in Andradite Garnet
American Mineralogist, Volume 83, pages 835±840, 1998 The hydrous component in andradite garnet GEORG AMTHAUER* AND GEORGE R. ROSSMAN² Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, U.S.A. ABSTRACT Twenty-two andradite samples from a variety of geological environments and two syn- thetic hydroandradite samples were studied by Fourier transform IR spectroscopy. Their 2 spectra show that H enters andradite in the form of OH . Amounts up to 6 wt% H2O occur in these samples; those from low-temperature formations contain the most OH2. Some 42 ↔ 42 features in the absorption spectra indicate the hydrogarnet substitution (SiO4) (O4H4) whereas others indicate additional types of OH2 incorporation. The complexity of the spectra due to multi-site distribution of OH2 increases with increasing complexity of the garnet composition. 42 ↔ 42 INTRODUCTION tution (O4H4) (SiO4) . This observation has been Systematic studies have shown that hydroxide is a con®rmed by XRD of a hydrous andradite with a Si de- common minor component of grossular and pyrope-al- ®ciency of about 50%, and a high OH content (Arm- mandine-spessartite garnets (Aines and Rossman 1985; bruster 1995). The structure of this particular sample with Rossman and Aines 1991). Comparable surveys of an- space group Ia3d is composed of disordered microdo- dradite garnet have not been previously presented. Sev- mains containing (SiO4) and (O4H4) tetrahedral units. eral reports indicate that appreciable amounts of OH2 can The aim of the present investigation was to perform a be incorporated in both natural and synthetic andradite- Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) study on different sam- rich garnet (Flint et al. -
The Good Germans the Hemmerles, Munich’S First Family of Jewelry, Design Baubles That Are Truly One of a Kind
Clockwise from left: Chris- tian and Stefan Hemmerle at home; Hemmerle’s 18k white gold, black iron and aquamarine ring, 18k red gold, moonstone, amethyst and sapphire brooch, and 18k white gold, red patinated copper, spinel and amethyst earrings, prices available upon request, at Hemmerle, 011.800.2422.6000. ccessories ∂lash ccessories a W The Good Germans The Hemmerles, Munich’s first family of jewelry, design baubles that are truly one of a kind. Photographs by S t e f a n K o r t e t’s not every client request that 230 pieces of haute joaillerie each year in its inspires a designer to branch off into a 12-artisan Munich workshop, is renowned direction he never before imagined— for its austere architectural settings ren- I and subsequently to develop an entirely dered in unorthodox materials including new style in doing so. But that’s exactly how copper, stainless steel, brass, aluminum and the German jewelry house Hemmerle came rare woods, and for its use of exquisitely to enjoy its current status as one of today’s cut colored gemstones. The heaviness of most inventive and sought-after jewelers. a masculine charcoal-hued iron band, for It all began in 1995, when a prominent instance, only enhances the sharp angles of Munich art collector commissioned Ste- an emerald-cut 40-carat electric blue aqua- fan Hemmerle, a third-generation jeweler, marine ring, while the warm hues of orange to create a birthday present for his wife, a and red patinated copper perfectly com- woman who detested flashy gems. -
OPAR CFP Advances in the Studies of Obsidian Sources and Artifacts Of
THE BLACK GOLD THAT CAME FROM THE SEA. ADVANCES IN THE STUDIES OF OBSIDIAN SOURCES & ARTIFACTS OF THE CENTRAL MEDITERRANEAN AREA COORDINATING EDITORS Franco Italiano, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Palermo, Italy. Franco Foresta Martin, Laboratorio Museo di Scienze della Terra Isola di Ustica, Palermo, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Palermo, Italy. Maria Clara Martinelli, Polo Regionale delle Isole Eolie per i siti culturali, Parco Archeologico e Museo Luigi Bernabò Brea, Lipari, Messina, Italy. DESCRIPTION Open Archaeology invites manuscripts for the Special Issue on The Black Gold That Came from the Sea. Advances in the Studies of Obsidian Sources and Artifacts of the Central Mediterranean Area. This Special Issue collects most of the contributions presented at the international workshop on the same subject which took place in Palermo, Italy, on 10-12 June 2019. The topics are: archaeometric studies of obsidian sources and artifacts; new methods of obsidian sources discrimination; genesis of the Central Mediterranean obsidian outcrops exploited during the Prehistory; obsidians as an edutainment tool; a section is dedicated to studies of characterization of ancient glasses. HOW TO SUBMIT The authors are kindly invited to submit their contribution via online submission system Editorial Manager available at http://www.editorialmanager.com/opar/ It is important that authors include a cover letter with their manuscript, making it clear that the manuscript is dedicated to Special Issue on The Black Gold That Came from the Sea. Advances in the Studies of Obsidian Sources and Artifacts of the Central Mediterranean Area. The cover letter should explicitly state that the manuscript (or one with substantially the same content, by any of the authors) has not been previously published in any language anywhere and that it is not under simultaneous consideration or in press by another journal. -
Phenomenal Gemstones Possess Striking Optical Effects, Making Them Truly a Sight for Sore Eyes
THE PHENOMENAL PROPERTIES OF GEMS Phenomenal gemstones possess striking optical effects, making them truly a sight for sore eyes. Here is GIA’s guide to understanding what makes each phenomenon so uniquely brilliant. ASTERISM CROSSING BANDS OF REFLECTED LIGHT CREATE A SIX-RAYED STAR-LIKE APPEARANCE. ASTERISM OCCURS IN THE DOME OF A CABOCHON, AND CAN BE SEEN IN GEMS LIKE RUBIES AND SAPPHIRES. ADULARESCENCE THE SAME SCATTERING OF LIGHT THAT MAKES THE SKY BLUE CREATES A MILKY, BLUISH-WHITE GLOW, LIKE MOONLIGHT SHINING THROUGH A VEIL OF CLOUDS. MOONSTONE IS THE ONLY GEM THAT DISPLAYS IT. AVENTURESCENCE FOUND IN NATURAL GEMS LIKE SUNSTONE FELDSPAR AND AVENTURINE QUARTZ, IT DISPLAYS A GLITTERY EFFECT CAUSED BY LIGHT REFLECTING FROM SMALL, FLAT INCLUSIONS. CHATOYANCY OTHERWISE KNOWN AS THE “CAT’S EYE” EFFECT, BANDS OF LIGHT ARE CAUSED BY THE REFLECTION OF LIGHT FROM MANY PARALLEL, NEEDLE-LIKE INCLUSIONS INSIDE A CABOCHON. NOTABLE GEMS THAT DISPLAY CHATOYANCY INCLUDE CAT’S EYE TOURMALINE AND CAT’S EYE CHRYSOBERYL. IRIDESCENCE ALSO SEEN IN SOAP BUBBLES AND OIL SLICKS, IT’S A RAINBOW EFFECT THAT IS CREATED WHEN LIGHT IS BROKEN UP INTO DIFFERENT COLORS. LOOK FOR IT IN FIRE AGATE AND OPAL AMMONITE (KNOWN BY THE TRADE AS AMMOLITE). LABR ADORESCENCE A BROAD FLASH OF COLOR THAT APPEARS IN LABRADORITE FELDSPAR, IT’S CAUSED BY LIGHT INTERACTING WITH THIN LAYERS IN THE STONE, AND DISAPPEARS WHEN THE GEM IS MOVED. INSIDER’S TIP: THE MOST COMMON PHENOMENAL COLOR IN LABRADORITE IS BLUE. PLAY OF COLOR THE FLASHING RAINBOW-LIKE COLORS IN OPAL THAT FLASH AT YOU AS YOU TURN THE STONE OR MOVE AROUND IT. -
Post Mortem Analysis of a JET Quartz Microbalance System “This Document Is Intended for Publication in the Open Literature
EFDA-JET-CP(06)02-10 H.G. Esser, V. Philipps, P. Wienhold, K. Sugiyama, A. Kreter, P. Coad, T. Tanabe and JET EFDA contributors Post Mortem Analysis of a JET Quartz Microbalance System “This document is intended for publication in the open literature. It is made available on the understanding that it may not be further circulated and extracts or references may not be published prior to publication of the original when applicable, or without the consent of the Publications Officer, EFDA, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 3DB, UK.” “Enquiries about Copyright and reproduction should be addressed to the Publications Officer, EFDA, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 3DB, UK.” Post Mortem Analysis of a JET Quartz Microbalance System H.G. Esser1, V. Philipps1, P. Wienhold1, K. Sugiyama3, A. Kreter1, P. Coad2, T. Tanabe3 and JET EFDA contributors* 1Institut für Plasmaphysik, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, EURATOM Association, Trilateral Euregio Cluster, D-52425 Jülich, Germany 2EURATOM/UKAEA Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, OX14 3DB, UK 4Department of Nuclear Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan * See annex of J. Pamela et al, “Overview of JET Results”, (Proc.20th IAEA Fusion Energy Conference, Vilamoura, Portugal (2004). Preprint of Paper to be submitted for publication in Proceedings of the 17th Plasma Surface Interactions in Fusion Devices, (Hefei Anhui, China, 22nd May - 26th May 2006) . ABSTRACT. In the year 2001 a Quartz Microbalance System (QMB) was installed in the remote area of the inner JET divertor to measure in-situ erosion and redeposition processes. -
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Contact Imprint [MORELINK- (Eftps direct payment worksheet Jet blue master card login (short form))] Vehicle How to Apply For a Small Business Credit Card. By calling Customer maintenance Service 24 hours, 7 days a week at. Since this article was published, report template JetBlue and Barclays have revised the airline's suite of cards. See our guide to. Still can't redeem Trueblue on EK, QR or TK, no?. Earn 4 Good TrueBlue points per $1 spent on JetBlue purchases, 2 points per $1 spent gamertag names for at restaurants and grocery stores, and 1 point per $1 spent elsewhere. 3. ps3 Can this product be changed for another Popular product? New in this release: - Minor bug fixes and improvements Improved balance transfer Ideas de baby shower experience - Transfer funds from another credit card or loan account, or deposit cash from your credit card to your bank account. Update to the cover letter latest version, so you can get the most from Barclays US. Yes, you will for grocery continue to earn 2 TrueBlue points for every $1 spent on JetBlue eligible store purchases with your credit card under the same TrueBlue membership account number. And you will earn 1 TrueBlue point on all other purchases. plus other credit card news you may have missed this week. Get 10% of your points back every time you redeem for flights. So if you book a flight from New York-JFK to Chicago-O'Hare (ORD) in economy class that costs $75 before taxes, you'd earn 740 EQM, $75 EQD, 1 EQS. -
Quartz Micro-Balance Results of Pulse-Resolved Erosion/Deposition in the JET-ILW Divertor
Nuclear Materials and Energy 12 (2017) 478–482 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Nuclear Materials and Energy journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/nme Quartz micro-balance results of pulse-resolved erosion/deposition in the JET-ILW divertor ∗ G. Sergienko a, , H.G. Esser a, A. Kirschner a, A. Huber a, M. Freisinger a, S. Brezinsek a, A. Widdowson b, Ch. Ayres b, A. Weckmann c, K. Heinola d, JET contributors e,1 a Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung – Plasmaphysik, Partner of the Trilateral Euregio Cluster (TEC), 52425 Jülich, Germany b CCFE, Culham Science Centre, OX14 3DB, Abingdon UK c Department of Fusion Plasma Physics, Royal institute of Technology (KTH), 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden d Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, 00560 Helsinki, Finland e EUROfusion Consortium, JET, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, OX14 3DB, UK a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: A set of quartz crystal microbalances (QMB) was used at JET with full carbon wall to monitor mass ero- Received 14 July 2016 sion/deposition rates in the remote areas of the divertor. After introduction of the ITER- like wall (ILW) Revised 8 February 2017 in JET with beryllium main wall and tungsten divertor, strong reduction of the material deposition and Accepted 9 March 2017 accompanied fuel retention was observed. Therefore the existing QMB electronics have been modified to Available online 22 March 2017 improve the accuracy of frequency measurements by a factor of ten down to 0.1 Hz which corresponds to − − − − 1.4 ng cm −2. -
AMETHYSTINE CHALCEDONY by James E
NOTES ANDa NEW TECHNIQUES AMETHYSTINE CHALCEDONY By James E. Shigley and John I. Koivula A new amethystine chalcedony has been discovered in that this is one of the few reported occurrences Arizona. The material, marketed under the trade name where an amethyst-like, or amethystine, chalced- "Damsonite," is excellent for both jewelry and carv- ony has been found in quantities of gemological ings. The authors describe thegemological properties of importance (see Frondel, 1962). Popular gem this new type of chalcedony, and report the effects of hunters' guides, such as MacFall (1975) and heat treatment on it. Although this purple material is Anthony et al. (19821, describe minor occurrences apparently b.new color type of chalcedony, it has the same gemological properties as the other better-known in Arizona of banded purple agate, but give no types. It corresponds to a microcrystalline form of ame- indication of deposits of massive purple chalced- thyst which, when heat treated at approximately ony similar to that described here. This article 500°C becomes yellowish orange, as does some briefly summarizes the occurrence, gemological single-crystal amethyst. properties, and reaction to heat treatment of this material. LOCALITY AND OCCURRENCE The purple chalcedony described here has been Chalcedony is a microcrystalline form of quartz found at a single undisclosed locality in central that occurs in a wide variety of patterns and colors. Arizona. It was first noted as detrital fragments in Numerous types of chalcedony, such as chryso- the bed of a dry wash that cuts through a series of prase, onyx, carnelian, agate, and others, have been sedimentary rocks. -
Origin of Fibrosity and Banding in Agates from Flood Basalts: American Journal of Science, V
Agates: a literature review and Electron Backscatter Diffraction study of Lake Superior agates Timothy J. Beaster Senior Integrative Exercise March 9, 2005 Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Bachelor of Arts degree from Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota. 2 Table of Contents AGATES: A LITERATURE REVEW………………………………………...……..3 Introduction………………....………………………………………………….4 Structural and compositional description of agates………………..………..6 Some problems concerning agate genesis………………………..…………..11 Silica Sources…………………………………………..………………11 Method of Deposition………………………………………………….13 Temperature of Formation…………………………………………….16 Age of Agates…………………………………………………………..17 LAKE SUPERIOR AGATES: AN ELECTRON BACKSCATTER DIFFRACTION (EBSD) ANALYSIS …………………………………………………………………..19 Abstract………………………………………………………………………...19 Introduction……………………………………………………………………19 Geologic setting………………………………………………………………...20 Methods……………………………………………………...…………………20 Results………………………………………………………….………………22 Discussion………………………………………………………………………26 Conclusions………………………………………………….…………………26 Acknowledgments……………………………………………………..………………28 References………………………………………………………………..……………28 3 Agates: a literature review and Electron Backscatter Diffraction study of Lake Superior agates Timothy J. Beaster Carleton College Senior Integrative Exercise March 9, 2005 Advisor: Cam Davidson 4 AGATES: A LITERATURE REVEW Introduction Agates, valued as semiprecious gemstones for their colorful, intricate banding, (Fig.1) are microcrystalline quartz nodules found in veins and cavities