HW 3.3 Pg 89 CH3R #7-23 Odd, #34

CSM Grade 10 Chemistry 2014-2015 HW 3.3 Pg 89 CH3R #7-23 odd, #34 7. a. What are isotopes? Atoms of the same element with different number of neutrons b. How are the isotopes of a particular element alike? They have the same number of protons and usually electrons depending on their charges. Also, their reaction behaviors or other properties are not significantly different than others. c. How are they different? They are different by the number of neutrons meaning their masses are different. Because the number of neutron really determine the stability of an atom, the abudance of each isotopes differ. 8. Copy and complete the following table concerning the three isotopes of silicon, Si. Isotope Number of protons Number of electrons Number of neutrons Si-28 14 14 14 Si-29 14 14 15 Si-30 14 14 16 9. a. What is the atomic number of an element? Atomic Number (Z) = number of protons b. What is the mass number of an isotope? Mass Number = number of protons + number of neutrons c. In the nuclear symbol for deuterium, , identify the atomic number and the mass number. 2 is the mass number and 1 is the atomic number. In general we have 11. Use the periodic table and the information that follows to write the hyphen notation for each isotope described. a. atomic number =2, mass number = 4; He-4 b. atomic number = 8, mass number = 16; O-16 CSM Grade 10 Chemistry 2014-2015 c. atomic number =19, mass number = 39; K-39 13. What is the atomic mass of an atom if its mass is approximately equal to the following? a. that of carbon-12. 4 atomic mass b. 4.5 times as much as carbon-12; 54 atomic mass 15. a. what is the molar mass of an element? Mass present in a mole of pure substance b. to two decimal places, write the molar masses of carbon, neon, iron, and uranium. ; ; ; Practice Problems 17. What is the mass in grams of each of the following? a. 1.00 mol Li; b. 1.00 mol Al; c. 1.00 molar mass Ca; 40.08g Ca d. 1.00 molar mass Fe; 55.84g Fe e. atoms C; that is equal to 1 mol C, so 12.01g C f. atoms Ag; that is equal to 1 mol Ag, so 107.87g Ag 19. Three isotopes of argon occur in nature -- , , and . Calculate the average atomic mass of argon to two decimal places, given the following relative atomic masses and abundances of each of the isotopes: argon-36 (35.97 amu; 0.337%), argon-38 (37.96 amu; 0.063%), and argon-40 (39.96 amu; 99.600%) Isotope amu Abundance Weighted AMU Average amu Ar-36 35.97 0.337% 0.121 Ar-38 37.96 0.063% 0.024 39.94 Ar-40 39.96 99.600% 39.80 CSM Grade 10 Chemistry 2014-2015 21. How many atoms are there in each of the following? a. 1.50 mol Na ( ) ( ) b. 6.755 mol Pb ( ) ( ) c. 7.02 g Si ( ) ( ) ( ) 23. Determine the number of atoms in each of the following: a. 5.40g B ( ) ( ) ( ) b. 0.250 mol S ( ) ( ) c. 0.0384 mol K ( ) ( ) d. 0.02550 g Pt ( ) ( ) ( ) e. g Au ( ) ( ) ( ) .

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12 Natural Isotopes of Elements Other Than H, C, O
12 NATURAL ISOTOPES OF ELEMENTS OTHER THAN H, C, O In this chapter we are dealing with the less common applications of natural isotopes. Our discussions will be restricted to their origin and isotopic abundances and the main characteristics. Only brief indications are given about possible applications. More details are presented in the other volumes of this series. A few isotopes are mentioned only briefly, as they are of little relevance to water studies. Based on their half-life, the isotopes concerned can be subdivided: 1) stable isotopes of some elements (He, Li, B, N, S, Cl), of which the abundance variations point to certain geochemical and hydrogeological processes, and which can be applied as tracers in the hydrological systems, 2) radioactive isotopes with half-lives exceeding the age of the universe (232Th, 235U, 238U), 3) radioactive isotopes with shorter half-lives, mainly daughter nuclides of the previous catagory of isotopes, 4) radioactive isotopes with shorter half-lives that are of cosmogenic origin, i.e. that are being produced in the atmosphere by interactions of cosmic radiation particles with atmospheric molecules (7Be, 10Be, 26Al, 32Si, 36Cl, 36Ar, 39Ar, 81Kr, 85Kr, 129I) (Lal and Peters, 1967). The isotopes can also be distinguished by their chemical characteristics: 1) the isotopes of noble gases (He, Ar, Kr) play an important role, because of their solubility in water and because of their chemically inert and thus conservative character. Table 12.1 gives the solubility values in water (data from Benson and Krause, 1976); the table also contains the atmospheric concentrations (Andrews, 1992: error in his Eq.4, where Ti/(T1) should read (Ti/T)1); 2) another category consists of the isotopes of elements that are only slightly soluble and have very low concentrations in water under moderate conditions (Be, Al).
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Atomic Mass of Silicon and Mcaco, 2
No. 4047 May 24, 1947 NATURE 705 18 LETTERS TO THE EDITORS p:• = 2·71036 gm.fcm.3 , d = 3·02945 A., and 1·09598. The Editors do not hold themselves responsible From the equations, for expressed by their correspondents. No u taken of anonymous communications Msio, = vaT N..4. • Psio,. a• . c Atomic Mass of Silicon and Mcaco, 2 . N A • Pcaco, . rp([3) • d'caco,, As is well known, the atomic mass of silicon has not yet been determined with satisfactory accuracy. and expressing the molecular mass of Si02 and Ca.C0 8 The value given in the International Table of Atomic as a function of the other magnitudes mentioned, Weigh.ts is 28·06. Practically the same value, 28·063, we conclude was g1ven by Baxter, Weatherill and Scriptural in Msio, = Mcaco, v'3 PstO, a• . c from the ratio SiC1 4/4Ag. But from the same -12 ' Pcaco, . rp([3) • d3caco,' ratiO, figures of 28·11 1 had been obtained in 1920 Substituting in this equation the various numerical bY:. .Weatherill :S:olmes• and of 28·106 by and Steinhell3 • Finally, in 1923, values, we find MsiO, = 60·075, the atomic mass of Weatherill and Brundage', from the ratio SiCl,fSi02, silicon being, therefore, gave the value 28·106 • The three of the four modern Si 28·075. gravimetric values are in fair agreement and lead This determination is based on the molecular mass to a m?an figure of 28·10 , which exceeds by 1/610 6 of calcite. This may not be the best reference sub approxrmately the figure given in the International stance for our purpose, since "it is well known to Table.
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The Silicon Isotope Composition of Ethmodiscus
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Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights of the Elements
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Part A. Isotopic Abundance and the Mass Spectra of Elements 1
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Silicon Isotope Geochemistry: Fractionation Linked to Silicon Complexations and Its Geological Applications
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A Review of the Stable Isotope Bio-Geochemistry of the Global Silicon Cycle and Its Associated Trace Elements Jill Sutton, Luc André, Damien Cardinal, Daniel J
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Non-Traditional Fractionation of Non-Traditional Isotopes: Evaporation, Chemical Diffusion and Soret Diffusion
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Isotopic Engineering of Silicon by Jacoby Jackson B.S., Texas A&M
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Stable Isotopes of Silicon Available from ISOFLEX Properties of Silicon
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