DOCSLIB.ORG

Japanese Women Marriage Migrants Today: Negotiating Gender, Identity and Community in Search of a New Lifestyle in Western Sydney

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Japanese Women Marriage Migrants Today: Negotiating Gender, Identity and Community in Search of a New Lifestyle in Western Sydney Japanese Women Marriage Migrants Today: Negotiating Gender, Identity and Community in Search of a New Lifestyle in Western Sydney Takeshi Hamano Doctor of Philosophy The University of Western Sydney 2011 copyright © 2011 Takeshi Hamano Acknowledgements First of all, I would like to thank all of my informants for their sustained engagement with my research. Especially, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Ms Yuka Weatley, President of the Penrith Japanese Community. My research project for this thesis would not have been possible without her agreement with my participation in the activities of the Penrith Japanese Community. Also, I would like to thank Tomoko Ward, Vice-President of the Penrith Japanese Community, and all others who were willing to be interviewed in both Australia and Japan. I would also like to thank Mr Yoshihide Hosaka for providing me with his invaluable collection of records of the activities of Japanese ethnic clubs in Australia since the early 1980s.Then; I owe my deepest gratitude to my principal supervisor, Distinguished Professor Ien Ang, for her encouragement and enduring supervision during my candidature. The feedback she gave to me in any meeting or correspondence was always critical but also always positive and constructive, which kept me working on this project to the end. Her supervision also taught me how to supervise someone else in my future career. I would like to thank my second supervisor, Dr Judith Snodgrass, whose accurate and detailed comments greatly improved my thesis draft. I could not have met Japanese women in Greater Western Sydney without her information about local Japanese communities in the first stage of my doctoral candidature. I thank my colleagues at the Centre for Cultural Research: Sarah James, Jayde Cahir, Jo Winchester, Cathy O‟Callaghan, Glen Fuller, Farid Farid and Justine Humphry. They encouraged me to join the network of local postgraduate students. Especially I thank Sarah and Jayde for their friendship since I first came to CCR. As co-postgraduate liaison officer, Jo greatly supported me with my duties at any instance. I am very indebted to Shinsuke Funaki (and his family) for his interest in my research and for his tolerance with my participation in his research on the Japanese community in Sydney. I also thank Associate Professor Yoshikazu Shiobara for his attention to the progress of my research. Thanks to him, I could also join the academic network of Australian studies in Japan. Professor Hiroshi Sudo always encouraged me to finish my PhD whenever I visited his office. I still owe my gratitude to him, as he encouraged me to apply for an exchange program in Australia in 2001, which eventually led me to do my PhD in Sydney later. And, as my best academic colleague in Japan, I thank Mario Lopez for his honest and constructive feedback on my thesis draft. To complete my thesis, David Kelly, Andrew Wright and Kathleen Olive spent long hours editing my English and proof reading. Maree O‟Neil, Executive Officer of the Centre for Cultural Research, always dealt with a great deal of administrative matters for my candidature. Of course, I could not have commenced my PhD in Australia without the UWS International Postgraduate Research Scholarship provided to me by the University of Western Sydney. Lastly, I am grateful to my partner Chie Yoshiya for her understanding of my PhD research in Australia and her endless encouragement to me from Japan. Statement of Authentication The work presented in this thesis is, to the best of my knowledge and belief, original except as acknowledged in the text. I hereby declare that I have not submitted this material, either in full or in part, for a degree at any other institutio (Signature) Contents List of Tables............................................................................................................... iii List of Figures ............................................................................................................. iv Abbreviations ............................................................................................................... v Abstract ....................................................................................................................... vi CHAPTER 1. LIFESTYLE MIGRANT, CONSEQUENT SETTLER AND MARRIAGE MIGRANT ............................................................................................. 7 1. 1. Introduction................................................................................................. 7 1.2. Migration Today: Development of a Theoretical Framework ................... 10 1.3. Gender Difference in Migration ................................................................ 14 1.4. Leaving Japan for the Sake of a Better Lifestyle: Women and Contemporary Japanese International Migration.............................................. 16 1.5. Methodology .............................................................................................. 21 1.6. Thesis Outline ............................................................................................ 24 CHAPTER 2. CONSUMER SOCIETY AND LIFESTYLE MIGRATION ............. 28 2. 1. Introduction............................................................................................... 28 2. 2. Hyper-Consumer Society in Late Capitalism ........................................... 33 2. 3. Japan‟s Consumer Society Following the Post-Industrial Period............. 41 2. 4. Japanese International Travel: Shifting to Consumption-Oriented Practice ............................................................................................................. 44 2. 5. Going Overseas as Consumer-Oriented Practice ...................................... 50 2. 6. Conclusion ................................................................................................ 52 CHAPTER 3. JAPANESE MIGRANTS IN AUSTRALIA, 1880s-2000s ................ 55 3.1. Introduction................................................................................................ 55 3.2. History of Japanese Migration to Australia ............................................... 57 3.3. Socio-Demographic Profiles of Japanese in Australia Today ................... 74 3.4. Kokusaikekkon or Cross-National Marriage in Japan Today .................... 86 3.5. Conclusion ................................................................................................. 90 CHAPTER 4. VERNACULAR DIASPORIC COMMUNITY: A NATIONAL JAPANESE ETHNIC ASSOCIATION IN AUSTRALIA ........................................ 94 4.1. Introduction................................................................................................ 94 4.2. Conceptualising Ethnicity .......................................................................... 96 4.3. Functional Approach to Ethnic Association of Migrants ........................ 103 4.4. Japanese Migrants and Their Ethnic Associations .................................. 112 4.5. The Japan Club of Australia: Within the Transnational Nikkei Community ..................................................................................................... 115 4.6. Conclusion: Limit of Transnational Nikkei Identity? .............................. 130 CHAPTER 5. CONSEQUENT SETTLEMENT AND MARRIAGE MIGRATION OF JAPANESE WOMEN........................................................................................ 134 5.1. Introduction.............................................................................................. 134 5.2. Growing Japanese Population in Sydney ................................................ 135 5.3. Recent Residential Distribution of the Japanese in Sydney .................... 140 5.4. Becoming a Consequent Settler: Marriage Migration ............................. 148 5.5. Australia as a New Home ........................................................................ 161 5.6. Are Japanese Women More Adaptable to Difference? ........................... 172 i 5.7. Conclusion ............................................................................................... 177 CHAPTER 6. REMOULDING ETHNO-GENDERED SELF AMONG JAPANESE WOMEN MARRIAGE MIGRANTS ................................................. 181 6.1. Introduction.............................................................................................. 181 6.2. Migrant Women and the Problem of Social Mobility ............................. 183 6.3. Gender Division of Labour and Migrant Women.................................... 192 6.4. Japanese Gender Ideas: Traditional Ideas of Femininity and Recent Change ............................................................................................................ 199 6.5. Crafting the (Feminine) Self .................................................................... 209 6.6. Liberal but Conservative?: The Two Sides of Japanese Women Today . 218 6.7. Conclusion: Westernisation, Indivisualisaion and the „Aestheticisation‟ of Everyday Life in Marriage Migration ........................................................ 220 CHAPTER 7. A BRIDGE TO THE MAINSTREAM: THE PENRITH JAPANESE COMMUNITY .................................................................................... 222 7.1. Introduction.............................................................................................. 222 7.2. Home away from Home: Making Home in the New Settlement............. 224 7.3. From Home to the Local Region: Forming a Local Japanese Group ...... 237 7.4. The
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Continuing Relationship Between Kinan Area in Japan and Northern Australia
    The Otemon Journal of Australian Studies, vol. 35, pp. 147−155, 2009 １４７ Migration and Beyond: Continuing relationship between Kinan area in Japan and northern Australia Yuriko Yamanouchi School of Global Studies, Tama University Abstract In most of the migration studies, the focus is on migrants and their descendants. When temporary migrants return to their original country, the effect of their migration to connect their original and receiving countries has not been approached academically. In this research note, I would like to examine the various relationships and ties developed after migration was consid- ered ‘finished’. From the 1870s to 1960s, Japanese migratory workers worked in northern Aus- tralia, namely Thursday Island and Broome, in industries such as pearl shelling. With the out- break of World War II, most of them were interned and eventually deported. However, the ties and relationships they developed through migration have continued and led to another ties and relationships in various ways. By looking at this, I suggest rethinking the framework of ‘migra- tion’ itself. 1. Introduction In most of the migration studies, the focus is on the migrants and their descendants. In cases of temporary migrants such as return migrants, temporary labour migrants and sojourners, the phe- nomenon of migration is often considered to ‘finish’ when the migrants return to their countries of origin on permanent basis, although there has been the research on the ex-migrants after they return to their countries of origin focusing on the issues such as their re-integration into their original so- ciety, usage of remittances, and memory and nostalgia (e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Japanese Lifestyle Migrants in Southeast Queensland
    Japanese lifestyle migrants in Southeast Queensland: Narratives of long-term residency, mobility and personal communities Jared Denman BA Honours (Japanese); BEd A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The University of Queensland in 2014 School of Languages and Comparative Cultural Studies Abstract Contemporary Japanese migration and overseas residency are being increasingly understood through the lens of lifestyle migration, whereby those who leave Japan prioritise lifestyle factors ahead of other considerations. Studies of Australia’s Japanese communities in particular have tended to focus on such migrants and advance this concept. This study employs biographical- narrative and case study elements to further the study of Japanese lifestyle migration to Australia in two ways. One is by examining cases from a cohort in Southeast Queensland that has yet to be a focus of investigation: those who arrived during the late 1980s and early 1990s, before the transformations of post-bubble Japan. The other is by supplementing existing understandings of Japanese phenomena with an emerging conceptualisation of lifestyle migration in Western Europe. This alternative framework observes that narratives of lifestyle migrants are shaped by themes of escape and pursuit and rhetoric of personal transformation, while also proposing that the act of migration is not a final outcome but is embedded within an ongoing lifestyle trajectory. By analysing participants’ narratives and examining their reasons for migration, their mobility histories and self-defined personal communities, this thesis argues that existing characterisations of the particular cohort and of Japanese lifestyle migrants in general are too narrow. Decisions are not straightforward individual matters framed by escape and pursuit, but can be directed by more complicated individual and household trajectories influenced by a variety of mobility experiences that are not simply geographical.
    [Show full text]
  • Japanese Wives in Japanese-Australian Intermarriages
    New Voices Volume 3 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.21159/nv.03.04 Japanese wives in Japanese-Australian intermarriages Jared Denman The University of Queensland Abstract The diasporic experiences of Japanese partners married to Australians and living in Australia are largely unexamined. This article is based on a study, conducted for an honours thesis, which invited four Japanese wives living in South East Queensland to describe, together with their Australian husbands, their family’s interactions with Japan, its language and culture, and the local Japanese community. It was recognised that the extensive social networks these wives had established and maintained with local Japanese women from other Japanese-Australian intermarriage families were an important part of their migrant experience. This article will firstly review the literature on contemporary Japanese- Australian intermarriage in Australia and Japanese lifestyle migration to Australia. It will then describe and examine the involvement and motivations of the four wives in their social networks. Entry into motherhood was found to be the impetus for developing and participating in informal, autonomous networks. Additionally, regular visits to Japan were focused on engagement with existing family and friendship networks. The contemporary experience of intermarriage for these women is decidedly transnational and fundamentally different from that of the war brides, or sensō hanayome. Keywords Japanese women; intermarriage families; lifestyle migration; diasporic experiences;
    [Show full text]
  • Community Profiles for Health Care Providers Was Produced for Queensland Health by Dr Samantha Abbato in 2011
    Queensland Health CCoommmmuunniittyy PPrrooffiilleess for Health Care Providers Acknowledgments Community Profiles for Health Care Providers was produced for Queensland Health by Dr Samantha Abbato in 2011. Queensland Health would like to thank the following people who provided valuable feedback during development of the cultural profiles: • Dr Taher Forotan • Pastor John Ngatai • Dr Hay Thing • Ianeta Tuia • Vasanthy Sivanathan • Paul Khieu • Fazil Rostam • Lingling Holloway • Magdalena Kuyang • Somphan Vang • Abel SIbonyio • Phuong Nguyen • Azeb Mussie • Lemalu Felise • Nao Hirano • Faimalotoa John Pale • Surendra Prasad • Vaáaoao Alofipo • Mary Wellington • Charito Hassell • Rosina Randall © State of Queensland (Queensland Health) 2011. This document is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 2.5 Australia licence. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5/au. You are free to copy, communicate and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes, as long as you attribute Queensland Health. For permissions beyond the scope of this licence contact: Intellectual Property Officer Queensland Health GPO Box 48 Brisbane Queensland 4001 email [email protected] phone 07 3234 1479 Suggested citation: Abbato, S. Community Profiles for Health Care Providers. Division of the Chief Health Officer, Queensland Health. Brisbane 2011. i www.health.qld.gov.au/multicultural Table of contents Acknowledgments............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Immigration and Populism in Canada, Australia, and the United States
    CDDRL WORKING PAPERS JULY 2019 IMMIGRATION AND POPULISM IN CANADA, AUSTRALIA, AND THE UNITED STATES Francis Fukuyama Olivier Nomellini Senior Fellow at the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies (FSI) and Mosbacher Director of FSI’s Center on Democracy, Development, and the Rule of Law at Stanford University. Naz Gocek Naz Gocek, a Canadian citizen, is currently a student at Stanford and member of the Honors Program at CDDRL. This study was made possible through the generous funding of the Martin Prosperity Institute at the University of Toronto. About CDDRL Since 2002, the Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law (CDDRL) at Stanford University has collaborated widely with academics, policymakers and practitioners around the world to advance knowledge about the conditions for and interactions among democracy, broad-based economic development, human rights, and the rule of law. The mission of CDDRL is to understand how countries can overcome poverty, instability, and abusive rule to become prosperous, just, democratic, and well-governed states. This concern for the overall trajectory of national development—and for the intricate links among the economic, political, legal, social, and health dimensions of development—sets CDDRL apart from other research centers. Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies Stanford University Encina Hall 616 Serra Mall Stanford, CA 94305-6055 Voice: 650-723-4610 Fax: 650-724-2996 Website: http://cddrl.stanford.edu/ - 1 - IMMIGRATION AND POPULISM IN CANADA, AUSTRALIA, AND THE UNITED STATES Francis Fukuyama and Naz Gocek1 1 Francis Fukuyama is Mosbacher Director of Stanford’s Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law (CDDRL).
    [Show full text]
  • Ethnic Identification of Japanese Descendants in Broome, Western Aust
    People and Culture in Oceania, 33: 1-15, 2017 $VWKHRIILFLDOMRXUQDORI7KH-DSDQHVH6RFLHW\IRU2FHDQLF6WXGLHV3HRSOHDQG&XOWXUH LQ2FHDQLD IRUPHUO\0DQDQG&XOWXUHLQ2FHDQLD DLPVWRSXEOLVKRULJLQDOUHVHDUFKDQG FRPPXQLFDWLRQVRIVFLHQWL¿FLQWHUHVW7KHUHOHYDQWVFLHQWL¿F¿HOGVLQFOXGHSK\VLFDODQGFXOWXUDO “My Grandparents Told Me a Lot about My Japanese Dad”: DQWKURSRORJ\OLQJXLVWLFVSUHKLVWRU\DQGDUFKDHRORJ\KXPDQHFRORJ\JHRJUDSK\HWF7KH Ethnic Identification of Japanese Descendants in Broome, JHRJUDSKLFDOUHJLRQVRIUHVHDUFKDUH3RO\QHVLD0HODQHVLD0LFURQHVLD$XVWUDOLDDQG,VODQG Western Australia 6RXWKHDVW$VLDDOWKRXJKUHVHDUFKRQDGMDFHQWDUHDVHJ7DLZDQDQGWKH0DOD\3HQLQVXODLVDOVR DFFHSWDEOHZKHQWKHWKHPHLVUHOHYDQWWRWKHLQWHUHVWVRI2FHDQLVWV7KHMRXUQDOZLOOEHLVVXHG DQQXDOO\LQ'HFHPEHU7KHHGLWRUVZHOFRPHVXEPLVVLRQRIRULJLQDOSDSHUVDQGFRPPXQLFDWLRQV * EULHIUHSRUWVRQVFLHQWL¿FUHVHDUFKDQGPHWKRGRORJ\QRWHVDQGUHPDUNVRILQWHUHVW DQGERRN Yuriko Yamanouchi UHYLHZV$OOPDQXVFULSWVZLOOEHVXEMHFWWRSHHUUHYLHZ (GLWRUV 0DVDKLUR80(=$., *UDGXDWH6FKRRORI0HGLFLQHWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI7RN\R Studies on Japanese migration to Australia seem to deal exclusively with either the 0DNLNR.8:$+$5$ 6FKRRORI+XPDQLWLHV.LQMR*DNXLQ8QLYHUVLW\ pre- or post-World War II periods, and have mainly covered first generation migrants. The (GLWRULDO%RDUG intergenerational effects and consequences of migration have not been discussed. This paper explores the ethnic identity of Japanese migrants’ descendants in Broome, into which Japanese 1RULR1,:$ 1DWLRQDO0XVHXPRI(WKQRORJ\ laborers migrated from the 1880s through the 1960s. Despite the migration restrictions
    [Show full text]
  • Japanese Wives in Japanese-Australian Intermarriages
    New Voices Volume 3 Japanese wives in Japanese-Australian intermarriages Jared Denman The University of Queensland Abstract The diasporic experiences of Japanese partners married to Australians and living in Australia are largely unexamined. This article is based on a study, conducted for an honours thesis, which invited four Japanese wives living in South East Queensland to describe, together with their Australian husbands, their family’s interactions with Japan, its language and culture, and the local Japanese community. It was recognised that the extensive social networks these wives had established and maintained with local Japanese women from other Japanese-Australian intermarriage families were an important part of their migrant experience. This article will firstly review the literature on contemporary Japanese- Australian intermarriage in Australia and Japanese lifestyle migration to Australia. It will then describe and examine the involvement and motivations of the four wives in their social networks. Entry into motherhood was found to be the impetus for developing and participating in informal, autonomous networks. Additionally, regular visits to Japan were focused on engagement with existing family and friendship networks. The contemporary experience of intermarriage for these women is decidedly transnational and fundamentally different from that of the war brides, or sensō hanayome. Keywords Japanese women; intermarriage families; lifestyle migration; diasporic experiences; Australia Introduction Research into Japanese residents,
    [Show full text]
  • Italian and Japanese As Symbols of Cultural Policy Joseph Lo Bianco A
    Lo Bianco, Joseph (2003). Language Education in Australia: Italian and Japanese as symbols of cultural policy. In J. Bourne and E. Reid (eds) Language Education (pp. 171- 187). London: Kogan Page. Language Education in Australia: Italian and Japanese as symbols of cultural policy Joseph Lo Bianco A wide scope In its broadest sense school language education includes a wide scope of activities, policies and experiences. To speak comprehensively of such a wide-ranging field requires attention to at least the following: • the extension of standard English-speaking children's 'home' linguistic repertoire to include literate capability (reading and writing as well as critical and imaginative literacy); • extending the non-standard English of some communities to include spoken and written standard Australian English; • teaching English to non-English speakers (whether of immigrant or indigenous background); • appropriate provision for deaf, blind and other children with language-connected special needs; and • the teaching of languages other than English. Each of these five categories is itself broad and complex, all involving pedagogical specificities and many replete with ideology and interest. For example, the seemingly innocuous classification of 'languages other than English' is invested with contested issues, variable meanings, divergent ideologies and dynamic practices. The wide range of language classifications also suggests major policy shifts over time. Each of the categories contains a history: the state of knowledge at a given point in time, and prevailing views about the transmission of culture and about whether education reflects social arrangements or is part of policy intervention to change them. In the Australian case public policy on languages other than English has been a prominent instrument for nation making, seeking at different times to support official multiculturalism and to advance the nation's accommodation to its Asian geography.
    [Show full text]
  • The Obstacles Overcome by Australia's Japanese War Brides by Alix Biggs
    2009 National History Challenge Triumph Over Adversity: the Obstacles Overcome by Australia’s Japanese War Brides by Alix Biggs Year 9 Canberra Girls’ Grammar School On the 27th of March 1952, a confidential telegram was sent to the Australian Mission in Tokyo, approving the admission of some Japanese wives of servicemen and ex- servicemen.1 This seemingly obscure decision represented a significant departure in Australia’s immigration policy, where immigration had long been racially exclusive, and brought immense relief to hundreds of Australian servicemen who had been campaigning for years to bring their Japanese wives back to Australia. Couples who met in non-English speaking countries, or couples whose countries had been enemies during World War II, often had enormous bureaucratic and social hurdles to overcome before they could be married or be together in Australia.2 The struggle of the Japanese war brides was considerably harder than most, as both these problems applied. Although, compared to some of the other waves of immigrants to flood Australia after World War II, this group of Japanese war brides was relatively small, their story is one of overcoming immense obstacles and innumerable odds heavily weighted against them. Theirs is a story that truly epitomizes triumph over adversity and illustrates the diversity of Australian immigrant experiences. In the years following World War II, some 12,000 Australian servicemen were posted to Japan as part of the British Commonwealth Occupation Forces,3 which consisted of troops from Britain, Australia, New Zealand and India. The majority of the Australian servicemen were posted to the naval base of Kure, forty kilometres east of the city of Hiroshima, which had been devastated by an atomic bomb in August 1945.
    [Show full text]
  • Japanese Australians
    Japanese Australians • Japanese people first migrated to Australia in the late 1800s. Most migrants Population of Japan-born people in were men who came to Australia to work Australia (2006 Census): 30,7761 in the pearling industry in Broome and Thursday Island, and in the sugar Population of Japan-born people in industry in Queensland2. The 1911 Census Queensland: 8592 recorded 3281 Japanese males and 208 Population of Japan-born people in 2 females in Australia . Brisbane: 3297 • By the end of the World War II, only 74 Population of Japan-born people in Gold Japan-born people and their children were Coast: 3125 allowed to stay in Australia2. However, within five years about 500 Japanese war Population of Japan-born people in brides had entered Australia4. Cairns: 1252 i Gender ratio (Queensland): 51.3 males • The end of the White Australia Policy in per 100 females1 1973 saw more Japan-born people arrive in Australia to study and for Median age (Australia): The median age business4. The 2001 Census showed of Japan-born people in Australia in 2006 there were 25,480 Japan-born people was 33.9 years compared with 46.8 years living in Australia2. By 2006, the for all overseas born and 37.1 for the population had increased by more than total Australian population2. 20 per cent to 30,7802. • Ethnicity: Japanese comprise 98.5 per cent of the population of Japan and are Age distribution (Queensland)1: the only main ethnic group. Koreans and Chinese combined account for less Age Per cent 5 than one per cent of the population .
    [Show full text]
  • Anglo-Celtic Australian Attitudes to Migrants
    Edith Cowan University Research Online Theses: Doctorates and Masters Theses 2010 A novel - The dues of St Fitticks: and essay - Paying your dues in the lucky country: Anglo-Celtic Australian attitudes to migrants Michael Armstrong Edith Cowan University Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses Part of the English Language and Literature Commons, Fiction Commons, and the Race and Ethnicity Commons The novel - The dues of St Fitticks is not available in this version of the thesis. Recommended Citation Armstrong, M. (2010). A novel - The dues of St Fitticks: and essay - Paying your dues in the lucky country: Anglo-Celtic Australian attitudes to migrants. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1815 This Thesis is posted at Research Online. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1815 Edith Cowan University Copyright Warning You may print or download ONE copy of this document for the purpose of your own research or study. The University does not authorize you to copy, communicate or otherwise make available electronically to any other person any copyright material contained on this site. Youe ar reminded of the following: Copyright owners are entitled to take legal action against persons who infringe their copyright. A reproduction of material that is protected by copyright may be a copyright infringement. Where the reproduction of such material is done without attribution of authorship, with false attribution of authorship or the authorship is treated in a derogatory manner, this may be a breach of the author’s moral rights contained in Part IX of the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth).
    [Show full text]
  • The-World-This-Year-2015.Pdf
    1 The World This Year 2015 Atul Singh www.fairobserver.com 2 Atul Singh (Founder, CEO & Editor-in-Chief) Abul-Hasanat Siddique (Co-Founder, COO & Managing Editor) Anna Pivovarchuk (Co-Founder, Deputy Managing Editor & Culture Editor) Fair Observer | 461 Harbor Blvd | Belmont | CA 94002 | USA www.fairobserver.com | [email protected] The views expressed in this publication are the authors’ own and do not necessarily reflect Fair Observer’s editorial policy. Copyright © 2016 Fair Observer Photo Credit: Yann Caradec, CC BY-SA 2.0 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, or any other—except for brief quotations in printed reviews, without the prior written permission of the publisher. ISBN: 978-1-4951-9120-6 3 CONTENTS About the Author……………………………………………………………………….…….09 About Fair Observer…………………………………………………….…………………...10 Share Your Perspective………………………………………………………………..…….11 Editorial: The Story of the World This Week December 31, 2015……………………………………………………………………………………...………12 Tragedy in the New Year January 3, 2015…………………………………………………………………………………………….…….14 Je Suis Charlie January 10, 2015…………………………………………………………………………………………………16 A Question of Freedom January 16, 2015…………………………………………………………………………………………………18 Fasten Your Seatbelts January 23, 2015……………………………………………………………………………………………..…20 A Volcano Erupts in Greece January 30, 2015………………………………………………………………………………………………..23 Democracy is Messy February 6, 2015………………………………………………………………………………………………...26
    [Show full text]