" : . :..;,~ ' • ~'7 - _ _-...-., -~ ~. ~:.-~ ~... • ~ - .'t .. -,;.!:, ~5 ' i//...j" / ,;,,tt °. / .,-"z11.. • . , . ,,,~, -,.~ ..~.~,,r~,~,~._.~. ,~---{~,~..4., • . ~a],Jodx3 oJ, Ja],Jodtul-i! 0 tuoJ:l :eu!q O . sJ,q6!H ~!aql zJassv sJa>lJOM uamoM. SM31A QNV S/~3N I. 90 A7~I33M =IS=INIHO V \\ i , ~\ #86 I. '01. Jaqwa].das Z8 "ON 'Zi~ "lOA Woman inspectors of the People's Armed Police $haanxi peasant Li Fenglan, a painter, teaches at at the International Airport in Belling. the school of arts and embroidery which she herself set up in her home town. Women at Different Posts .__-- ---- x. Ni Yixin, the first woman Doctor of Engineering in China. Luowu Aniu (left), o deputy county head of Xide County in Sichuan Province. 7" SPOTLIGHT • ~, ~ i; ~¢;, i • • Jin Xiaoyun (second from left), 41, a college graduate of Hui nationolity, was voted mayor of Yinchuan, the capital of Ning xia. i REVIEW* HIGHLIGHTS OF THE WEEK Vol. 27, No. 37 September 10, 1984 Wu Xueqian on Sino-Latin American Relations Foreign Minister Wu Xueqian, who just returned from a CONTENTS trip to Latin America, told Beijing Review that as contacts NOTES FROM THE EDITORS 4 and mutual understanding increase, he believes Sino-Latin Reform of Art Performance Troupes American co-operation in political, economic, trade and LETTERS 5 technological fields will be boosted (p. 15). EVENTS & TRENDS 6-10 Financial Situation Picking Up Financial Situation Improving Rapidly State revenues, which dwindled for three years (1979-81), Machinery Industry Restructured Petrochemicals to Meet Needs have increased steadily since 1982. In the first half of this Joint Ventures Improve Industry year, revenues 'rose by 22.6 per cent as compared with the Inland Helping Tibet corresponding period last year. More emphasis is placed on Ocean Shipping Develops Rapidly China Trains More Judicial Per- the development of cultural and educational projects (p. 6). sonnel Tibetans Abroad Welcomed Home Oil industry Growing Chinese Refutes Indian Rumour Sino-US Cultural Centre China has turned from an oil-poor country into a crude Tian An Men Gets New Older Look Giant Pandas Still in Danger oil exporter over the past 35 years. How was this achieved? What is the future of the industry? Find the answers on p. 17. ,,INTERNATIONAL 11 - 14 Soviet Union: Diplomacy Tends China's Past and Present Towards Rigidity India: Unstable Political Situation Noted New Zealand writer and poet Rewi Alley, who is Colombia: Efforts for Internal now an honorary citizen of 8eijing, describes the old and the Peace OPEC: Oil Prices Have Gone Up new in China, with comments on the military, minorities, Again education, communications and the spirit of struggle and France : Mitterrand's Maghreb Trip sacrifice (p. 21). Broad Prospects for Closer Latin America Ties 15 Status of Women Workers in China China-US Ties Began 200 Years This special report features the lives of women workers Ago 16 in China and their role in the current economic reform. China's Burgeoning Oil Industry 17 Enjoying the same legal rights with men in all fields, China's What China Was and Is 21 working women also receive special care from the state to A Look Down the Road to Reform 25 satisfy their special needs and interests (p. 28). SPECIAL REPORT 28-32 The "Lives of Working Women in Rigid Soviet Diplomacy China Women Workers' Committees Since the Soviet Union's new top leader took power last Women Support Reform February, Moscow has shown inflexibility in its foreign A Group Leader relations and imperiousness in handling major international CULTURE & SCIENCE 33-34 affairs. This policy, however, is not an expression of strength, COVER: The oil dock of the Zhanjiong but the result of Soviet frustration and anger in the face of Port in Guangdong, Photo by Wen Yuecai an adverse international environment (p. 11). I Publishedevery Monday by Distributed by Chillm International Book Subscriptionprices (1 year): 1 ItEIJING REVIEW Trading Corporation (GUOJI SHUDIAN), Australia ....... .... A.$14.00 USA... USSl a.OO 24 Baiwanzhuang Road, Beljing P.O. Box 399, Belling,China New Zealand... NZ.$18.00 UX ........ ~8.OO i The People's Republic of China Canada ....... Can. $15.00 t NOTES FROM THE EDITORS Reform of Art Performance Troupes by XIN XIANGRONG a performance plan and manage- tion to getting a subsidy from the Cultural Editor ment of the troupe while associates state, can keep a proportion of its ................................... take charge of everyday routine. earnings--a change from the old China now has more than 3,400 In such a system, artistic affairs practice of turning in all its earn- professional art troupes staffed are under the charge of the profes- ings. with more than 220,000 artists. sional. This means that the better the These troupes, though having The Party committee of the troupe is run and the more perfor- played an important role in liven- troupe is responsible-mainly for mancgs it gives, the more money it ing up cultural life in China, have Party affairs and political and will earn and the more income its quite a few problems in their or- ideological work to ensure and staff will make. Such a reform ganizational structure and manage- supervise the implementation of has greatly aroused the artists' en- ment, which have hampered the the Party's principles and policies. thusiasm. further development of art. A na- Before reform, however, the • To seek a fair distribution of tionwide reform is therefore art troupes. At present, most pro- needed. fessional troupes are concentrated Preparations for the reform of in big and medium-sized cities. art troupes began in 1979, trial re- The nationwide reform Reform calls for art troupes form got under way in some units will result in more and to be set up in the frontier and the next year and picked up speed better performances, more minority-inhabited areas. Some last year. Major tasks of the re- city-based troupes which are or, form are as follows: skilful artists and, in all, ganizationally overlapping ~vill be • To expand decision-making a thriving socialist art. merged or closed. Only a few ex- powers. For a long time before perimental troupes will remain at reform, art troupes had to comply the national level, while at pro- with their superior administrative Party committee dominated almost vincial and county levels troupes organizations for everything and everything and artists were often will be fashioned to their own were denied the necessary right unable to play a major role in conditions, with emphasis on to decide their own affairs. decision-making. developing a repertoire which has local characteristics. Troupes short • To introduce the contract re- Reform has helped troupes of skilful artists are to be rein- sponsibility system. Before reform, shake off administrative binds. forced with good performers or the state handled all the troupe With reform, they have the right merged with others. to decide their own repertoire and expenditures, including salaries. their superior organizations need The state also received all the in- Minority troupes will be given only make directives concerning come. As a result, artists preferential financial treatment. issues of prime importance. and staff members did not care Troupes which often give ~erfor- Troupes also have the right to de- how their troupe was run and how mances in the minority areas are cide on the recruitment, dismissal, much their troupe earned. It had to be rewarded. Troupes which promotion or demotion of their nothing much to do with them. try new repertoire are to be partic- members. They may also decide This practice, known as "eyery- ularly supported. And those their financial affairs. body eating from the same public which perform for children will all the more be rewarded. • To reform the leadership and • pot," did not encourage enthu- bring the role of artists into full siasm for creation and perfor- Many troupes are in good con- play. Some troupes in the trial re- mance. dition and promise even more form have introduced a system With the contract responsibility after the reform. It is expected with the troupe leader taking full system introduced, the artist's in- that the nationwide reform will responsibility. The troupe leader come hinges upon how well his result in more and better perfor- is responsible for art creation, troupe does and the quality of his mances, more skilful artists and, in formulation and implementation of own work. The troupe, in addi- . all~ a thriving socialist art. Beijing Review, No. 37 tETTERS Article About Mao I hope you will carry a more pecially those on specific matters Welcomed detailed biography about Mao Ze- without any political biases. From dong. these one can find the readers' l think the article "Mao Zedong opinions similar to or different Masakichi Sato in His School Days" (No. 18 & 19) from those in China on some issues Fukushima, Japan was very good. Born in a out-of- and they may also serve as a ref- the-way small mountain village of Adhering to Mao Zedong erence for the Chinese Govern- Hunan Province in China, which Thought ment. was cut off from the West, Mao Zedong couldn't help getting in Mao Zedong was a great Pan Baojf touch with various mixed ideas Marxist-Leninist and great pro- Shizuoka, Japan under that historical environment. letarian leader. His contributions l believe that Beifing Review But through his own independent to the Chinese revolution and to enjoys a large readership. In order thinking and social practice, he the progress of humanity are truly to make the magazine more vari- completely cleared away these tremendous. He has also made able and vivid, wouldn't it be ideas and accepted Marxism.