Richmond Municipality

RICHMOND MUNICIPALITY

MUNICIPAL HOUSING PLAN

Prepared by the FIRST HOUSING PLAN CONSORTIUM

Contact: Robert Mann [email protected] First Housing Plan (031)2020160 Consortium CONTENTS Page

SECTION 1: 1

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1

2. BACKGROUND 3

2.1 Context 3 2.2 Methodology 11 2.3 A Comprehensive Plan for the Development of Sustainable Human Settlements, ‘BNG’ strategy 12

3. IDP LINKAGES

3.1 IDP : Vision 14 3.2 IDP : Land reform and housing 14 3.3 IDP : Land assessment for housing development study for the uMgungundlovu district municipality 15 3.4 IDP : Policy and legislative guidelines for the implementation of land reform & IDP review: housing-related development strategies 18 3.5 IDP & IDP review: Housing Related Development Strategies 21 3.6 IDP : Spatial development framework Stakeholder Support 21 3.7 Community Priorities 24

SECTION 2: 26

4. HOUSING DEMAND 26

4.1 Calculating Housing Demand 26 4.2 Housing Typologies 28 4.3 Unemployment by area 31 4.4 Summary of housing need 31

5 HOUSING PROJECTS AND PROJECT PRIORITIZATION 32

5.1 Prioritized Housing Projects 32 5.2 Housing Projects link to Housing Demand 34 5.3 Project Evaluation 34 5.4 Housing Institutional Arrangements 34

6. INFRASTRUCTURE 37

6.1 Service Level Backlogs 37 6.2 Water and sanitation supply 38 6.3 Roads 40 6.4 Electricity 40 6.5 Housing Projects 40 6.6 Social Facilities 41 6.7 Integration with other Sectors 41

7. CONCLUSION 42 8. PROGRAM 44 9. CASH FLOW 45 10. RICHMOND PROJECTS AS PER THE KZN PROVINCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2007 46

Appendix 1: RICHMOND MUNICIPALITY PROJECTS PLAN Appendix 2: REFERENCES

Tables Page

Table 1: Population by Group and Size, Richmond Municipality 4 Table 2: Dwelling Type Richmond Municipality 4 Table 3: Occupation of the employed by %, Richmond town 5 Table 4: Employment by Industry, Richmond Municipality, 5 Table 5: Projects identified in the uMgungundlovu land development study 16 Table 6: Land redistribution projects identified in the uMgungundlovu land development study 19 Table 7: Land tenure projects identified in the uMgungundlovu land development study 21 Table 8: Priority issues from a community perspective 24 Table 9: Households by dwelling type by Area 28 Table 10: Summary of Housing Need 31 Table 11: List of current projects 33 Table 12: Project evaluation spreadsheet 36 Table 13: Households by sources of water by local municipality 38 Table 14: Rural water balance for the planning area 38 Table 15: Access to sanitation by local municipality 39 Table 16: Sanitation program by the municipality 39 Table 17: Ddistribution of existing Social facilities 41

Diagrams

Diagram 1: Traditional dwelling by Area 29 Diagram 2: Informal dwelling by Area 29 Diagram 3: Unemployment by area 31 Diagram 4: Housing institutional arrangements 35 Diagram 5: Service level backlogs 37

Plans

Plan 1: Location of Richmond Municipality 3 Plan 2: Agricultural Land Potential, Richmond Municipality 7 Plan 3: Richmond Municipal by Wards 9 Plan 4: Richmond Settlement patterns 10 Plan 5: Richmond Land Ownership Details 17 Plan 6: Existing and Proposed bulk extensions for the District 39

SECTION 1

1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Richmond municipality has been progressive in identifying an initiating seven housing projects in the area. These projects are predominately rural in nature with two projects nearing completion while most of the remaining five are at an advanced planning stage. All of these projects have been technically evaluated and progress on them has been captured in table 14.

The largest proportion of the population is based in the tribal authority areas. These areas are characterized by the low level of basic services and are relatively far removed from the major employment centers. The table below provides a summary of the data collected from the 2001 census in relation to housing typologies and therefore housing demand.

Traditional % Slums % Employment % levels 1 Area 5 41 Area 6 46 Area 4 23 2 Area 7 23 Area 2 20 Areas 5,6 13 3 Area 4 17 Area 3 14 Areas 2,3&7 10-13% 4 Areas 2,3,6 3-8

Table: Summary of Housing Need

Based on the information captured in the 2001 census, in terms of rural need based on household types area 5: Inhlazuka, should be assisted primarily (there is an existing project in that area providing 400 units, it is therefore suggested that an additional rural housing project be initiated in the new ward 5, area of Vumakwenza) thereafter, areas 7: Patheni (currently serviced with a rural project providing 700 units) and Gengeshe, Masangazama and Mgxobelene (it is suggested that a further rural housing project be initiated in the Gengeshe Masangazama, Mgxobelene area) , thereafter area 4: Hopewell, Argosy Farm (which is currently being services by the 1600 site Argosy farm project)

While in terms of potential slums clearance or informal upgrade projects, the areas of greatest need are firstly Area 6: Indaleni, Simozomeni, Emaswazini, (Insitu Upgrade project covering 800 sites suggested for this area) Area 2: Magoda, Town lands, Ekupholeni (currently covered by the Siyathuthuka P1 (758) and P2 (1000) projects) and thereafter Area 3: Bayensfield, Byrne, Sidakeni (Insitu Upgrade project covering 400 sites suggested for this area). (Siyathuthuka Phase 2 is an

Richmond Municipality: Housing Sector Plan Page 1 active project with 1000 stands already conditionally approved by the Department which also include the Indaleni Area)

The total demand for rural housing is has been calculated at 2089, while the total demand for slums clearance or informal upgrade projects has been calculated at 2589.

Therefore the total estimated demand for housing in the Richmond Municipality is (2089+2589) = 4678

And the list of prioritized housing projects is as follows:

CURRENT PROJECTS (to be completed)

1. Argosy Farm (soon to be completed) 2. Siyathuthuka Phase 1 3. Siyathuthuka Phase 2 4. Phatheni 5. Baynesfield/Zwelethu 6. Inhlazuka/St Bernard 7. Municipal Flats Richmond

PROPOSED PROJECTS / PROJECT AREAS

RURAL

1. Nhlazuka Rural Area 1 2. Gengeshe area

SLUMS CLEARANCE

1. Byrne area 2. Indaleni 2

Note: Projects should be planned according to feasibility limitations within the areas described above.

1 Please note that Vumakwenze is a rural settlement within the Nhlazuka Traditional Authority Area 2 Please note that Indaleni Area is within the Siyathuthuka Phase 2 active project of 1000 stands, therefore the Municipality has already met the demand for informal housing in this area

Richmond Municipality: Housing Sector Plan Page 2

2 BACKGROUND

2.1 Context

Richmond municipality has been progressive in identifying an initiating seven housing projects in the area. These projects are predominately rural in nature with two projects nearing completion while the remaining five are at an advanced planning stage. All of these projects have been technically evaluated and progress on them has been captured in table 14.

The Richmond Municipality is predominantly rural. It is in these rural areas where the majority of its population resides. Low levels of basic services and facilities characterize these areas, and unemployment is very high.

The Municipality has one main urban centre namely, the village of Richmond. This centre is recognized as the main economic node of the Municipality, because of the services provided, and the nature of activities.

Plan 1: Location of Richmond Municipality

Richmond Municipality: Housing Sector Plan Page 3 A marked feature, as represented in Table 1 below, is the substantial decrease (23%) in the White population that resides in the Richmond area. The absolute figures for the White, Coloured and Indian groups fall way short of the African group, which comprises well over 95% of the total Richmond area population. An overall population growth rate of 0.7% per annum for the Richmond area is much less than the estimated overall population growth rate for South Africa of 1.0% per annum over the period 2000 to 2010.3

% Change % Of population, % Of Persons 2001 1996 1996 - 2001 1996 population, 2001 African 60148 58096 3.53 93.54 95.14 Coloured 518 384 34.90 0.62 0.82 Indian 943 1095 -13.88 1.76 1.49 White 1613 2098 -23.12 3.38 2.55 Total Population 63222 62108 1.79 100.00 95.14

Table 1: Population by Group and Size, Richmond Municipality (source uMgungundlovu, Local Economic Assessment Report)

As a % of total As a % of total Households 2001 1996 Households, 2001 Households, 1996 Other 22 96 0.18 0.79 Formal 5300 5039 42.29 41.21 Informal 1902 419 15.18 3.43 Traditional 5308 6673 42.36 54.58

Table 2: Dwelling Type Richmond Municipality (source uMgungundlovu, Local Economic Assessment Report)

The majority of households in 2001 and 1996 lived in formal and traditional dwellings. However the above table indicates an alarming trend, with an increase of almost 1483 households staying in informal settlements. This indicated a significant flow of people into the Richmond area who are in need of formal housing.

3 Coetzee, Hickon etc, UKZN, School of Economics and Finance, Local Economic Assessment Report, Umgungundlovu District

Richmond Municipality: Housing Sector Plan Page 4 25.0% 19.8% 20.0% 15.4% 13.9% 15.0% 12.9% 9.4% 10.0% 6.7% 6.7% 6.5% 5.0% 3.7% 5.0%

0.0% Clerks Service workers and ass and sen off & fishery Managers machine Legislators; Plant and Elementary Technicians occupations Skilled & agri Professionals Craft Craft & trades etc. operators Undetermined

Table 3: Occupation of the employed by %, Richmond town (Source census 2001)

In terms of employment by occupation in the municipality, there has been growth in legislators/senior officials, clerks and technicians thus indicating a possible increase in the manufacturing and services sector of the economy in the future. However, there has been a noteworthy decline in professional occupations and the majority of the workers are still in elementary and thus low paid, employment.

% Change % Of % Of Industry; Persons 2001 1996 1996 – employed employed 2001 1996 2001 Agriculture/Forestry/Fishing 5428 4996 8.65 42.95 45.79 4 Community/Social/Personal 1168 984 18.70 8.46 9.85 Construction 360 347 3.75 2.98 3.04 Electricity/Gas/Water 46 56 -17.86 0.48 0.39 Financial/Insurance/Real Estate/Business 398 284 40.14 2.44 3.36 Manufacturing 1224 775 57.94 6.66 10.32 Mining/Quarrying 9 30 -70.00 0.26 0.08 Other 0 - - - 0.00 Private Households 830 1119 -25.83 9.62 7.00 Transport/Storage/Communication 279 342 -18.42 2.94 2.35 Undetermined 1016 1966 -48.32 16.90 8.57 Wholesale/Retail 1090 789 38.15 6.78 9.19

Table 4: Employment by Industry, Richmond Municipality, (source uMgungundlovu Local Economic Assessment Report)

Richmond Municipality: Housing Sector Plan Page 5 Employment by industry represented in table 4 above indicates a decline in most of the economic sectors and sub-sectors, except in the Agriculture/Forestry/Fishing, Construction, Community /Social /Personal, Financial /Insurance /Real Estate /Business, Wholesale and Retail and Manufacturing industries.

The number of people employed in the agricultural sector highlights the continued dependence of people resident in the Richmond area on employment opportunities in this primary sector of the economy. Richmond is well endowed with a natural resource base and agricultural activities include both; commercial agriculture and subsistence agriculture, with a predominance of sugar cane and forestry. 5

Agriculture is the backbone of the Municipality’s economy. This suggests that preservation of high quality agricultural land is very important therefore the Municipality needs to take cognizance of this fact when considering development applications. A map of the agricultural potential in the municipality is presented below in Plan 2. This plan indicates that the majority of the Richmond municipality has a high potential for agricultural development. However, based on the current situation it is seen that the majority of this potential has already been exploited by the private sector. Future planning and development should therefore be focused on establishing how this potential can be maximized.6

The recent IDP review identifies, ‘a need to assist emerging farmers with funding assistance and access to land for farming. The municipality can play a vital role in this instance by identifying Ingonyama Trust Land as well as State Land to facilitate access to land and seek professional assistance from the Department of Agriculture on schemes for emerging farmers.’

While the Provincial Growth and Development Strategy (PGDS) identifies Agriculture and Manufacturing as an area for Competitive Investment, with the PGDS’s Strategic Objective is as follows:

“To create a framework to consolidate, develop and diversify the provinces manufacturing and agricultural bases in order to achieve sustainable competitive advantage through value-adding activities, create jobs and transform the economic structure of the province”.’

5 Udidi, PMB Land Use Management Framework, uMgungundlovu District

6 Coetzee, Hickon etc, UKZN, School of Economics and Finance, Local Economic Assessment Report, Umgungundlovu District

Richmond Municipality: Housing Sector Plan Page 6

Plan 2: Agricultural Land Potential, Richmond Municipality

The Richmond local municipality is approximately 1232 m2 in extent, with an estimated population of 74 108. The northern boundary of this local municipality is approximately 10 km south of the national (N3) route. The IDP (2003) indicated that a large number of the population does not have security of tenure, this includes those that reside in informal settlements (approximately 1902) and households that reside in Ingonyama land.

Furthermore the, Land Assessment for Housing Development Study for the uMgungundlovu District, indicates a need for low-cost housing, due to a rise in informal settlements by 78% compared to the formal settlements, which only increased by 5%. The traditional settlements on the other hand declined by approximately 20.4%

Richmond is divided into 7 areas, as indicated in plan 3 below; area 1, 2 and 6 are comparatively small and cover the denser urban areas. While the other areas, all being substantially larger in size, generally include farming areas, rural settlement areas and smaller dense settlements. The recent change in ward boundaries presents a difficult problem in terms of statistical analysis as all of the geographically based census data (i.e. all information by Area) is irrelevant. Therefore in order to provide some statistical direction in terms of the

Richmond Municipality: Housing Sector Plan Page 7 spatial provision of housing data will be reduced to areas of concentration (based on the old ward boundaries) and not by wards to limit confusion. These areas are as follows;

Area 1 – Richmond Village Area 2 – Magoda, Town lands, Ekupholeni Area 3 – Bayensfield, Byrne, Sidakeni Area 4 – Hopewell, Argosy Farm Area 5 – Inhlazuka Area 6 – Indaleni, Simozomeni, Emaswazini, Others Area 7 – Gengeshe, Patheni

Settlement patterns are represented in plan 4 below,

Richmond Municipality: Housing Sector Plan Page 8

Plan 3 : Richmond Municipal by Wards (Source internet based GIS system)

Richmond Municipality: Housing Sector Plan Page 9

Plan 4 : Richmond Settlement patterns (Source IDP, 2001)

Richmond Municipality: Housing Sector Plan Page 10

2.2 Methodology

Richmond Municipality is in the enviable position of having initiated a number of housing projects in the municipal area. The approach therefore taken with the housing sector plan for the municipal area has been based largely on the existing projects.

Initial research was done with the municipality in order to obtain all of the base data that existed in the area, including the uMgungundlovu district infrastructure provision plans, GIS data, district IDP, Richmond IDP, District land development assessment study, project information, housing forum meeting minutes and to confirm the stakeholder project support obtained through the IDP process. Strategies related to housing developments captured in the local IDP were also analyzed to ensure congruence with the existing housing projects.

The primary concern was thereafter matching existing IDP and spatial development framework with a list of prioritized projects based on technical and social feasibility as well as progress to date. This project evaluation process specifically concentrated on land related issues around the delivery of rural housing on Ingonyama Trust land, land legal issues and confirming bulk service availability and MIG funding for all prioritized projects. The project team has also concentrated on identifying and resolving blockages in existing projects

The list of prioritized projects was confirmed and refined based on the housing needs analysis that has been established based on the latest census data. The housing planning process and draft plan has also been presented at the housing forum meetings and comments from all Project Managers have been incorporated. Project Managers on the various projects have also been assisting the team in compiling the project related information that is required.

The draft plan has been prepared and compiled based on a close working relationship with the Community Services Director Mr. Big Boy Mhlongo responsible for Housing Planning in the Richmond Municipality. This final plan has been approved by the Department of Housing KZN, advertised locally to obtain comments from the general public, and after the inclusion of some minor changes approved by council.

Richmond Municipality: Housing Sector Plan Page 11

2.3 A Comprehensive Plan for the Development of Sustainable Human Settlements, ‘BNG’ strategy

The “Breaking New Ground” document was approved by Cabinet and presented to MINMEC on 2 September 2004. This document suggests a number of progressive changes to the delivery of housing in South Africa. Since the documents approval in September 2004 a number of these suggested changes have been incorporated, the following is a summary of the major relevant shifts in housing delivery strategy currently being incorporated based on this document.

The new human settlements plan reinforces the vision of the Department of Housing, to promote the achievement of a non-racial, integrated society through the development of sustainable human settlements and quality housing. Within this broader vision, the Department is committed to meeting the following specific objectives:

Accelerating the delivery of housing as a key strategy for poverty alleviation Utilising provision of housing as a major job creation strategy Ensuring property can be accessed by all as an asset for wealth creation and empowerment Leveraging growth in the economy Combating crime, promoting social cohesion and improving quality of life for the poor Supporting the functioning of the entire single residential property market to reduce duality within the sector by breaking the barriers between the first economy residential property boom and the second economy slump.

Major relevant Changes suggested through this document include:

The new human settlements plan moves to areas more holistic, integrated, flexible and responsive mechanisms which address the multi-dimensional needs of sustainable human settlements. As part of an approach which envisages that municipalities will play a significantly increased role in the housing process, municipalities must take the lead role in negotiating the location of housing supply to facilitate spatial restructuring. This will also encourage integration between housing delivery, spatial planning, infrastructure provision, Municipal IDP and budgetary coherence. Enhancing Spatial Planning, through greater coordination and alignment of various planning instruments and economic policies, lies at the heart of sustainable human settlements. This requires more than mere coordination between departments but there needs to be a single overarching planning authority and/or instrument to provide macro-level guidance to support the development of sustainable human settlements.

Richmond Municipality: Housing Sector Plan Page 12 The housing chapter of Municipal Integrated Development Plans must be considerably enhanced to include municipal housing needs assessment, the identification, surveying and prioritisation of informal settlements, the identification of well located land for housing, the identification of areas for densification, the linkages between housing and urban renewal and the integration of housing, planning and transportation frameworks, and will link these to a multi year implementation plan. (These suggestions have been incorporated through the Housing Sector Plan and its suggested format) It is important that the programme respond to the capacity needs of communities, ensuring that they are empowered to constructively engage with municipalities in identifying and fulfilling their housing needs. Municipal capacity building is highlighted as critical to the success of the new housing plan. A comprehensive programme for capacity building in the housing sector is suggested. Some changes were suggested to subsidy bands including the collapsing of the 3 subsidy bands below R3500 and the introduction of finance products/instruments to medium income households (earning R3, 500 to R 7,000 p.m.). Progressive Informal Settlement Eradication is a primary aim of the new policy. Informal settlements must urgently be integrated into the broader urban fabric to overcome spatial, social and economic exclusion. (This aspect had already been recognized by the late KwaZulu-Natal MEC for Housing, Mr. Dumisani Makhaye in 2001/2 through the Slums Clearance program, prioritizing the Insitu upgrading of informal settlement as the KZN DoH’s primary focus.) Promoting densification and integration of previously excluded groups into the city and the benefits it offers and to ensure the development of more integrated, functional and environmentally sustainable human settlements, towns and cities. One aspect of this process can be achieved through supporting urban renewal and inner city regeneration An overall strategy to facilitate the release of well-located public land to municipalities is being developed, furthermore funding for the acquisition of private land for housing purposes will no longer form part of the housing subsidy. (The responsibility for the acquisition of land for housing development now rests with the Department of Land Affairs) Developing a rural housing programme which is to deal with a comprehensive range of rural housing related issues, such as tenure, livelihood strategies and broader socio-cultural issues. (This policy has now been compressively developed and the initial rural housing projects are now being implemented in KZN) The document also suggested greater use of the ‘social housing instrument’ to facilitate the production of effectively managed institutional housing in the areas where demand for institutional or managed housing, of all types, exists.

In summary the discussion document places greater emphasis on the process of housing delivery (emphasizing planning and engagement), the quality of the housing product (both in terms of location but also in terms of final housing form) and the long-term sustainability of the housing environment (leading to a focus on institutional capacity).

Richmond Municipality: Housing Sector Plan Page 13 Additionally it should be noted that the Expanded Public Works Programme (EPWP) is aimed at alleviating and reducing unemployment by the provision of work opportunities. The principles/guidelines of the above plan/programme should be taken into account when housing projects are undertaken.

3 IDP LINKAGES

3.1 IDP: Vision

The IDP review process has confirmed the Richmond Municipalities vision as follows:

VISION

Through innovation and dedication, the Richmond Municipality will provide its citizens with access to physical social and economic development opportunities in a safe and secure environment.

Furthermore the review identified the following Key issues and performance areas

Key Issue 4: Inadequate supply of Housing and Basic Services

The strategic framework presented strategic Key Performance Areas, in relation to housing, these are as follows:

Key Performance Area A: Infrastructure and Services Key Performance Area B: Social Services and Housing The provision of affordable housing was identified as one of the major key issues facing the Municipality throughout the IDP Processes.

Accessibility to land for housing, limited resources (financial) and the existing settlement patterns have been and still are some of the issues that have hindered the progress of housing provision.

3.2 IDP: Land Reform And Housing

Land reform and housing is viewed as an important future contributor to development in the Richmond area, both in terms of capital investment and the impact that it will have on the development of sustainable communities. A key consideration in future land reform and housing activities within Richmond will be landownership. Map 1 attached in appendix 1 reflects landownership patterns in the Richmond Municipality.

Richmond Municipality: Housing Sector Plan Page 14 Key aims and objectives outlined in the various policy documents should inform land reform and housing provision activities within the uMgungundlovu. Maseko Hlongwa (2001) summarises these aims and objectives to include:

• the importance of the land reform process in the reconstruction and development of South Africa; • a focus on job creation, poverty alleviation and sustainable livelihoods; • sustainable development and land use; • a focus on sustainable economic and physical development; • achieving higher levels of tenure security; • strengthening the capacity of local government to deliver; • efficient and proper co-ordination of development initiatives; • the need for synergy between the various programmes of government; and • the necessity for establishing land use plans and management systems.

3.3 Land assessment for housing development study for the uMgungundlovu district municipality

A recent study assessing the availability of the land for housing development has been completed by Maseko Hlongwa & Ass in association with SRK consulting, in 2006. The study defines the available land within the Richmond local municipality as follows:

The local authority comprises of an urban area (Richmond town), traditional authority area (i.e. Vumakwenza, Vumindaba and Esiphandleni TA) and farmlands.

• The Urban areas comprise of up income-middle income/affordable housing that all situated within Richmond Town. (made up of the following urban villages)

• The Tribal Council areas are predominantly occupied by the traditional settlements. These areas (especially Vumakwenza) comprise a large number of the population within the local municipality and these settlement densities are more likely to increase in the future.

• The farmlands are mainly occupied by the agricultural holdings. These are residential buildings/dwellings, which exist within these agricultural areas, but such dwellings cannot be classified as the settlement since it is of a fairly low density and areas are extensively used for agricultural purposes.

Richmond Municipality: Housing Sector Plan Page 15

The study goes on to define the current and proposed housing project within the Richmond local municipality. The projects identified in the study comprised approximately 17350 housing units. Most of the projects all situated within the notes and Kara doors identified in the spatial development framework and in close proximity to the bulk infrastructure services. In the case of farmlands they're all proposed Agri-village housing projects such as Baynesfield and Zwelethu village housing projects. Which will be adjacent to this more holdings and commercial farmlands. The following table is provided in this study.

Project no Project name Ben No 3188 Thornville 700 3230 Hopewell 240 3232 Rich-Magoda 8000 K 19990060 Siyathuthuka P1 690 K 200020030 Argosy farm 1600 *K 04080011 Siyathuthuka P2 1000 Inhlazuka P1 700 K05050005 Phatheni P 1 700 Emoyeni Hsg 200 Inhlazuka P2 500 Hopewell Hsg 550 KwaGengeshe Hsg 150 K 04010010 Baynesfield Zwelethu 120 Agri Vill Pre-Feasibility Studies Rural Hsg Table 5: Projects identified in the uMgungundlovu land development study

*Indaleni is part of Siyathuthuka Phase 2

The report also indicates that the municipality is making a fair attempt to align the housing delivery program with the aims and objectives of the IDP and the associate SDF through the provision of housing to low income earners in the urban, rural and farmlands sectors. A plan of the existing and proposed housing projects together with the potential areas for housing developments from this report has been attached in appendix 2.

Richmond Municipality: Housing Sector Plan Page 16 Plan 5: Richmond Land Ownership Details (Source IDP, 2001)

Richmond Municipality: Housing Sector Plan Page 17 3.4 Policy and Legislation Guiding the Implementation of Land Reform

The South African Land Policy (1997) guides the implementation of Land Reform in South Africa. The Land Policy makes provision for three basic programmes to be implemented, viz. land redistribution, land restitution and tenure reform. The intentions and approaches to these programmes are discussed in detail in the policy.

3.4.1 Land Redistribution

The Land Redistribution programme is aimed at addressing the uneven distribution of land between the various population groups in South Africa. Between 1994 and 2000 the basic tool used for achieving redistribution was the Settlement and Land Acquisition Grant (SLAG) of the Department of Land Affairs. The projects emanating from the use of this grant was usually group settlement projects where the focus was on the acquisition of land and security of tenure rather than on ensuring sustainable development.

To address the shortcomings of this grant the Department of Land Affairs introduced the Land Redistribution for Agricultural Development (LRAD) programme in 2001. This programme is focused on the establishment of small commercial farmers and makes a subsidy available, the size of which is linked to the value of the own contribution of the prospective farmer or applicant.

Although not often expressed as such low-income housing provision and the discount benefit scheme of the Department of Housing can be viewed as important components of the land redistribution programme as they provide beneficiaries with access to land for housing.

Key concerns relating to land redistribution related activities to date include:

• The limited impact that the programme has had on the livelihoods of two major potential beneficiary groups, viz. farm workers and members of Tribal Councils living on Ingonyama land; • the limited impact of the land redistribution process on improving the livelihoods of resource poor communities; • The developer driven nature of specifically the housing provision process, and potentially the LRAD programme; and the consultant-driven process of land redistribution projects.

Richmond Municipality: Housing Sector Plan Page 18

The following lists of Redistribution Projects were identified in the IDP review:

Name of Project Community and no of Budget Status beneficiaries Mawela Thornville: 11 beneficiaries R 89 572 Implementation KwaGengeshe KwaGengeshe: 90 beneficiaries R1 440 000 Implementation

Table 6: Land redistribution projects identified in the uMgungundlovu land development study

3.4.2. Land Restitution

Maseko Hlongwa (2001) states that the “dispossession of land through racially discriminatory laws and policies and their inherent attempts at social engineering, was one of the hallmarks of apartheid”. The Restitution of Land Rights Act (Act 22 of 1994) was one of the first acts to be passed by the new democratic government and was aimed at redressing this situation. The Act established the Commission on the Restitution of Land Rights, the Land Claims Court and a process for the receipt, investigation, adjudication, and settlement of restitution claims.

In terms of the Act a claimant can be an individual or a community, or a direct descendent of that individual or community. To qualify the claimant must have been dispossessed of a “right of land”. Three different forms of redress are available to claimants, viz.

• the restoration of the right in land; • financial compensation equivalent to the current-day value of the under- compensation; or • the provision of rights in alternative State-owned land.

Key concerns regarding the land restitution process to date, as identified by Maseko Hlongwa (2001), include:

• the conflict which the process brings about between landowners and claimants due to the lack of interventionist dispute resolution mechanisms early on in the process; • the legalistic approach being followed to processing the claims which impact on the potential of sustainable integrated development;

Richmond Municipality: Housing Sector Plan Page 19 • land claims on strategically located were in the past not addressed as a matter of priority and this delayed economic development projects in certain areas; and • the lack of information relating to the nature, location and extent of claims, an issue which is currently receiving the required attention from the Land Claims Commissioner.

3.4.2 Land Tenure Reform

Hoarea Rutch (2001) indicates that the conventional approach to landownership, inherited from Roman Dutch law, is undergoing change in South Africa. It is stated that “the right of access to land, its use and its occupation many now be shared between its owner and other persons who hold rights to the land which go beyond the rights conventionally held by third parties”.

Land tenure reform is, however, a process that is still underway. It was initiated before the establishment of the democratic government through acts such as the Abolition of Racially Based Land Measures Act (Act 108 of 1991), the Upgrading of Land Tenure Rights Act (Act 112 of 1991) and the Less Formal Township Establishment Act (Act 113 of 1991). This was followed with the Land Reform (Labour Tenants) Act (Act 3 of 1996) and the Extension of Security of Tenure Act (Act 62 of 1997) which is aimed at addressing the tenure security needs of farm dwellers, farm workers and labour tenants. The Interim Protection of Informal Land Rights Act (Act 31 of 1996) was aimed to address the needs of people that “lived on land that they did not own but under circumstances where they believed that they held ownership rights”. The Prevention of Illegal Evictions and Unlawful Occupation of Land Act (1998) provide greater security of tenure to people that live illegally on land.

The most important piece of legislation will, however, be the Land Rights Act which is currently awaited. With regard to this the Department of Land Affairs has initiated a process to develop a comprehensive Land Tenure Bill. The Land Policy provides a number of basic principles that should guide such a tenure reform policy process which includes a move to areas rights (away from permits) and a greater allowance for choice. Hoarea Rutch (2001) is, however, of the opinion that the Land Policy does not deal adequately with link between tenure reform and the livelihoods of people on which it will impact.

The purpose of a Land Tenure process is to bring all people occupying land under unitary legally validated system of land holding. It seeks to provide secure forms of land tenure and help resolve tenure disputes.

Richmond Municipality: Housing Sector Plan Page 20

The following list of Tenure Projects was identified in Richmond through the IDP review:

Name of Project Community and no of Budget Status beneficiaries StBernard Mission St Bernard Mission R35 000 Transfer Amandus Hill Amandus Hill R35 000 Transfer Ekhanana C P A Nauwpoort (23 beneficiaries) R460 000 Implementation Mzinolovu C P A Harcourt (35 beneficiaries) R260 000 Implementation

Table 7: Land tenure projects identified in the uMgungundlovu land development study

3.5 IDP & IDP review: Housing Related Development Strategies

The IDP states that “Levels of housing and infrastructure are extremely low in all settlement areas within Richmond.” A full summary of the IDP and IDP review’s housing related development strategies are presented in Appendix 2.

3.6 IDP: Spatial Development Framework

3.6.1 uMgungundlovu District Municipality’s SDF

The uMgungundlovu IDP was adopted in April 2002, and the 2005/6 Review has now been finalised.

With reference to the district SDF, the following hierarchy of development nodes was identified:

District Centre: Pietermaritzburg

Primary nodes: New Hanover, Howick, Mooi River, Impendle, Camperdown and Richmond

Secondary nodes: Middelrus, Rosetta, Boston, Mpophomeni, Taylors Halt, Hilton, Wartburg, Etsheni, Maqongqo, Thornville, Eston, Mid Illovu and Inhlazuka.

The SDF also identified a number of development corridors .

Richmond Municipality: Housing Sector Plan Page 21 The primary corridors were identified as the following – • R33 (linking Pietermaritzburg and Greytown), • R622 (linking Mooi River and Greytown), • R103 (parallel to the N3), • link road from Pietermaritzburg through Vulindlela to Bulwer • link road from Pietermaritzburg to Richmond.

Numerous secondary corridors were also identified, namely the link roads from Pietermaritzburg to Table Mountain; from Pietermaritzburg to Thornville; the R617 from Maswazini via Mpophomeni to Howick; the road linking Howick via Curry’s Post to Mooi River; the road from Nottingham Road to Bulwer; the road from Nottingham Road to Underberg; and a new access road through Impendle.

3.6.2 Richmond Local Municipality’s SDF

The Richmond IDP was adopted in 2002 and the first review was adopted in August 2003. The 2006/7 review has now been completed.

The Richmond IDP’s SDF identified the P5 road as the primary corridor, the P115 road as the secondary corridor and the P8, D5-8, P334 and P116 roads (as well as the road off P115 to Inhlazuka) as tertiary/lower order corridors.

Primary node : Richmond Secondary nodes : Thornville and Inhlazuka. Secondary service centers : Enukumane Mission, Thornville and Byrne Tertiary nodes : Mgxobeleni, Ndaleni, Simozomeni, KwaMagoda, Lincoln Haven and Hopewell A tourism corridor, linking Richmond with cultural heritage areas and scenic landscapes, was also identified in the SDF. Further, the P56 road was identified as an important linkage to areas outside of the municipal area.

Mixed Use Areas:

Areas of conservation: Key natural elements include river systems such as the Mkomazi River in the south, the Lovu River, which traverse the study area centrally, and Mlazi River in the north. The southern and western edges of the study area comprise of indigenous vegetation and veld. River corridors including minor tributaries are areas that need

Richmond Municipality: Housing Sector Plan Page 22 conservation and protection. Conservation areas and Escarpment areas are sensitive environmental features, which need acknowledgement such as the Soada

Forests Nature Reserve:

Tourism Areas: Richmond has significant natural opportunity to establish eco-tourism as a key sector. Coupled with this is a strong cultural heritage and scenic landscapes, which could also from a part of a tourism circuit within the study area. A tourism corridor has been identified. Future Residential Areas:

Mixed Future Tourism and Residential Area:

Agricultural Land : Agriculture forms an important component of the local economy. Richmond is well endowed with a natural resource base to build on agriculture as a key sector. Given the natural agricultural potential within Richmond, a major land usage is agriculture, which includes commercial agriculture and subsistence agriculture, predominantly sugar cane and forestry.

Opportunity Points:

Prime linkages via the R56 linking Richmond with Pietermaritzburg, and Durban with the Eastern Cape to the south.

Areas of Priority Spending:

Tribal Council Areas : Vumindaba T.C.A. Esiphahleni T.C.A.

Richmond Municipality: Housing Sector Plan Page 23

3.7 Community Priorities

The IDP provided an Area by Area community prioritization profile the table of these combined priorities has been summarized below: (on housing can we break it down as according to th e different housing levels i.e. middle income and H igh Income Housing/ rental Housing and Institutional)

Ward 1 Ward 2 Ward 3 Ward 4 Ward 5 Ward 6 Ward 7 1. Job creation opportunities/skills training 1. Roads Water 1) Water 1) Roads 1) Water 1) Roads 1) including bridges

2. Housing 2. Water reticulation 2) Sanitation 2) Electricity 2) Water 2) Roads 2) Water

3) Roads,Bridge,Storm Water3) Clinic/CommunityHealth 3) Electricity – house

3. 24 hours Police Station 3. Job ties/Skillscreation opportuni trainingDrainage and Street Lights Centre Electricity 3) connections & street lights Electricity 3)

4. Schools – Primary & Comprehensive 4) Comprehensive Technical Technical High 4) 4. Street Children’s Shelter/Programme Multi-purpose Centre Multi-purpose 4) Centre Skills 4) Training Centre High School & Finishing School Clinic 4)

5) Schools– 1 Primary & 2

5. Taxi rank and Market 5. Multi-purpose Centre Land Tenure 5) High Schools Satellite 5) Police Station Grazing 5) Camps Telephone 5)

6) Schools including a

6) Community Health Centre Comprehensive Technical High School 6) 6. Sports Facilities 6. Sports Facilities (24hrs) and Ambulance Services Land Tenure 6) Emergency Services Schools 6) and crèches

7) Tourismopportunitiesand skills

7. Street Lights 7. Taxi Rank and Market Upgrading Stalls of Sports 7)Ground Access 7) Roads Sports 7) Facilities Community 7) Hall training

8) Sportsfacilitiesand Community

8. Bus Shelters 8. Housing Creche 8) Sports 8) Facilities Land 8) Tenure Programme Public 8) Transport Halls

9) Upgrading of Business 9) Telephone – house 9) 9. Library and/or CommunityDevelopment Resource Centre (Market & connections and public Secured Pension Pay Points at Centre Stalls) 9) telephone 9. Hospice Centre (HIV/AIDS) Cemetery Housing 9) local level

10) Multipurpose 10) 10. Comprehensive Technical High 10) Taxi RankCentre/Community with Resource Business Centre – Market & School 10. Street Lights 10) Centre and Community Halls Public Telephones Market/Stalls Stalls Satellite 10) Police Station

11. Police Station 11) Sites for Churches 11) Pension Pay Point 11) Bus Shelters

12. Cemetery 5) Housing 12) Sports Facilities

13. Sanitation 6) Grazing Camps 13) Satellite Police Station

7) Telephone – House connections and Public telephones 14. Grazing Camps

Table 8: Priority issues from a community perspective

Richmond Municipality: Housing Sector Plan Page 24 This table clearly indicates that the provision of basic services such as water, sanitation, roads and electricity are primary concerns of the communities in the Richmond Municipal area. Another primary concern is the provision of skills training and job opportunities, thereafter the provision of community facility such as multipurpose centers, sports facilities, resource centers, community halls, schools and crèche etc are priorities. While issue of housing has been mentioned it can be seen from the table above that housing is not a core priority of communities within the municipality, however housing should be seen as the lead sector in order to facilitate the provision of basic services, job opportunities, community facilities and security of tenure.

Richmond Municipality: Housing Sector Plan Page 25

SECTION 2:

4 HOUSING DEMAND

4.1 Calculating Housing Demand

It is vitally important that due to the limited number of housing subsidies per municipality, those housing projects are delivered primarily in areas where there is the greatest need. There are three main ways of determining housing demand/need within municipal areas, these are as follows: (1) using statistical calculations captured through the census or other relevant Studies e.g. project specific socio-economic survey or (2) through the analysis of housing waiting lists and finally, (3) through the provincial housing database.

The Department of Housing and a number of municipalities have initiated the process of establishing municipal housing demand data bases. It is hoped that, once all of the municipalities have established their databases, the information from these municipal databases can be aggregated up area to create a provincial housing database. The establishment of this data base is supported by the DOH’s Capacity Building component which is in the process of rolling this programme out throughout KZN. However this pilot municipal database has as yet not been compiled in the Richmond area. Through this Housing Sector Plan the Richmond Municipality is recommended to suggest or apply to the Department of Housing KwaZulu-Natal for the funding of this compilation of the Housing Data Base for the Richmond Municipality/ uMngugundlovu District Municipality area.

Housing waiting lists have a number of short comings including, applicants putting their names down on more than one municipal housing waiting list, many potential beneficiaries have not placed their names on these lists (The Nquthu Socio-Economic Study indicated that only 19% of potential beneficiaries had placed their names on such lists the problems related to maintaining such a large waiting list). (Nquthu, Housing Sector Plan, Dept of Housing, 2006)

The current preferred method of calculating housing demand is through the use of statistical data collected in census 2001; unfortunately this data is currently 5 years old. However stats SA plan to update this data in 2007 through a nationwide sample survey for all municipalities. (While a full Census will be implemented in 2011/12) (Kevin Parry, Dissemination Officer: Marketing, Statistics South Africa, 10 July 2006.)

Richmond Municipality: Housing Sector Plan Page 26

Data on household income levels can be used to determine area of greatest need based on poverty levels while census data on housing typologies which indicate the number of informal dwellings per area can be used to determine area of greatest need based on housing backlog. The actual calculation of housing demand can be found in section 4.4.

Richmond Municipality: Housing Sector Plan Page 27

4.2 Housing Typologies

The following tables and graphs can be extracted from the census data on housing typologies.

House or brick Traditional Flat in Town/clus House/ Informal Informal Room/flatlet Caravan Private Not Not applicable structure on a dwelling/hut/str block of ter/semi= flat/room dwelling/ dwelling/ not in back or tent ship/boat applicabl (living quarters separate stand or ucture made of flats detached in back shack in shack NOT yard but on e is not housing yard traditional house yard back yard in back shared (institutio unit) materials (simplex; yard property n) duplex; AREAS triplex) TOTALS 1 690 6 5 49157 27 29 39 0 0 0 43 1045 2 622 180 19 3 8 349 32 7 3 3 0 62 1288 3 1016 393 52 8 69 12 255 20 4 0 6 687 2522 4 1024 925 66 5 20 37 141 11 6 0 3 845 3083 5 356 2194 119 7 13 62 56 5 0 0 0 1037 3849 6 643 404 16 13 15 448 432 5 3 3 0 4 1986 7 156 1207 47 0 3 0 22 15 3 0 0 797 2250 Total 4507 5309 324 85 285 935 967 102 19 6 9 3475 16023

Table 9: Households by dwelling type by Area

Richmond Municipality: Housing Sector Plan Page 28

Informal Dwellings by Area

1000 Traditional Dwellings by Area 46% 900 800 2500 41% 700 2000 600 500 1500 20% 23% 400 Traditional dwellings 14% 17% 1000 300 InformalDwellings 200 500 100

No of Traditional Dewllings Traditional of No 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Areas Areas

Diagram 1: Traditional dwelling by Area Diagram 2: Informal dwelling by Area

Richmond Municipality: Housing Sector Plan Page 29 4.2.1 Traditional or Rural Housing

In terms of traditional dwellings in rural areas the largest numbers of traditional dwellings are to be found in Areas 5 with 41% (2194) thereafter Area 7 contains 23% (1207), and finally Area 4 contains 17% (925) of the traditional dwellings. This has been represented in the graph above.

In terms of population densities 86% of the population is found the following 5 areas, in Area 3; 14% (8656), Area 4; 21% (13115), Area 5; 23% (14474), Area 6; 16% (10055), and Area 7: 12% (7628).

The largest proportion of the population is based in the tribal authority areas. These areas are characterized by the low level of basic services and are relatively far removed from the major employment centers. These areas have a low level of employment and high level of poverty.

According to the 2001 Census data the total number of traditional dwellings is 5309. It is estimated that the current trend in terms of urbanization, deaths due to HIV/Aids and the natural growth in the population will offset the increase in this number so that there has been little or no growth in these numbers since the census.

In terms of rural need based on household types area 5: Inhlazuka, should be assisted primarily (there is an existing project in that area providing 400 units, it is therefore suggested that an additional rural housing project be initiated in the new ward 5, area of Vumakwenza) thereafter, areas 7: Patheni (currently serviced with a rural project providing 700 units) and Gengeshe, Masangazama and Mgxobelene (it is suggested that a further rural housing project be initiated in the Gengeshe Masangazama, Mgxobeleni area) , thereafter area 4: Hopewell, Argosy Farm (which is currently being services by the 1600 site Argosy farm project)

4.2.2 Slums clearance Informal Dwellings

Informal shack statistics enable us to get an indication of the number of informal dwellings and therefore the requirement for slums clearance type projects. The graph above summarises the number of informal dwellings in the Richmond Municipal area.

The highest number of informal dwellings are to be found in area 6, with 46% (880) followed by area 2: with 20% (381) and finally in Area 3 with 14% (267), the numbers of informal dwellings in the other areas are currently not significant at this stage and it is also

Richmond Municipality: Housing Sector Plan Page 30 hoped that the implementation of rural housing projects in these areas will reduce this figure in time.

Therefore the areas that require potential slums clearance upgrade projects are firstly Area 6: Indaleni, Simozomeni, Emaswazini, (Insitu Upgrade project covering 800 sites suggested for this area) Area 2: Magoda, Town lands, Ekupholeni (currently covered by the Siyathuthuka P1 (758) and P2 (1000) projects) and thereafter Area 3: Bayensfield, Byrne, Sidakeni (Insitu Upgrade project covering 400 sites suggested for this area).

4.3 Unemployment By Area

Unemployment By Area

25% 2500 2000 13% 13% 18% 17% 1500 10% 1000 Areas 500 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Unemployment

Diagram 3: Unemployment by area

In terms of unemployment the highest level of unemployment is to be found in Area 4 with 25% (2317) thereafter Area’s 5 and 6 with18-17% (+-1200) and finally areas 2, 3 and 7 with 10 to 13%.

4.4 Summary of housing need

Traditional % Slums % Employment % levels 1 Area 5 41 Area 6 46 Area 4 23 2 Area 7 23 Area 2 20 Areas 5,6 13 3 Area 4 17 Area 3 14 Areas 2,3&7 10-13% 4 Areas 2,3,6 3-8

Table 10: Summary of Housing Need

Richmond Municipality: Housing Sector Plan Page 31 Calculation of Total Housing Demand

Rural Housing: Based on the district service plans provided it has been estimated that 70% of the traditional areas are currently below the minimum level of service. Therefore the traditional or rural housing backlog can be calculated as 5309 x 70% = 3716. From this figure the housed delivered on Argosy Farm must be subtracted to give (3716-1627=2089). Therefore the total demand for rural housing is 2089 .

Informal Settlements: Based on the 2001 census data the total number of informal dwellings is 1902 however the trend in the area has indicated an alarming growth in informal dwellings as opposed to formal dwellings from the data captured in 1996. As there is no further information available in relation to the growth of these settlements since 2001 we are assuming, for the purposes of calculating the housing demand, which informal dwellings have increased to a current level of +-3000. However from this figure the 411 houses completed on the Siyathuthuka Phase 1 project should be subtracted giving a final demand for slums clearance of (3000-411)= 2589

The total estimated demand for housing in the Richmond Municipality is therefore (2089+2589) = 4678

5 HOUSING PROJECTS AND PROJECT PRIORITIZATION

5.1 Prioritized Housing Projects

The municipality has been progressive in identifying an initiating a number of housing projects in the area. These projects are predominately rural in nature and a number of them have been approved and are in the process of being implemented. These projects will be technically evaluated and progress on them will be captured once all the relevant project information has been collected.

Based on an evaluation of the project information provided by the project managers, projects will be prioritized firstly on their technical and social feasibility and secondly on the projects implementation progress.

Firstly projects that have already been approved and are thus currently in the implementation stage will be listed.

Richmond Municipality: Housing Sector Plan Page 32

Approved projects:

The Municipality is currently implementing six (6) of category 1 housing projects, funded by the Department of Housing and proposes one development.

PROJECT LOCATION PROJECT STATUS DESCRIPTION Argosy Farm: 1 600 Hopewell / Argosy Greenfield 95 % complete units Farm Siyathuthuka: Phase 1: Indaleni Greenfield Under construction and 758 units partial occupation has commenced Siyathuthuka: Phase 2: Greater Indaleni In-situ upgrade Subsidies have been 1 000 units reserved and funds transferred to the Municipality (R 1,000,000) Zwelethu Trust: 120 Baynesfield Greenfield Subsidies Have been units reserved and funds transferred to the Municipality for Planning stage. Phatheni Rural Phatheni Rural housing Planning Stage Complete Housing: 700 units and already approved by Local Government and DOH. Inhlazuka / St Inhlazuka / St Bernard Rural Housing Preliminary Stage Bernard: 400 units Mission Municipal Urban Richmond Village Greenfield Preliminary Stage Housing Project flats

Table 11: List of current projects

Therefore the prioritized list of housing project is as follows:

CURRENT AND PLANNED HOUSING PROJECTS RICHMOND MUNICIPALITY

CURRENT PROJECTS (to be completed)

1. Argosy Farm (soon to be completed) 2. Siyathuthuka Phase 1 (soon to be completed) 3. Siyathuthuka Phase 2 4. Phatheni 5. Baynesfield/Zwelethu 6. Inhlazuka/St Bernard 7. Municipal Flats Richmond

Richmond Municipality: Housing Sector Plan Page 33

PROPOSED PROJECTS

RURAL

1. Nhlazuka Rural Area 2. Gengeshe area

SLUMS CLEARANCE

1. Byrne area 2. Indaleni

Note: Projects should be planned according to feasibility limitations within the areas described above.

5.2 Project Evaluation

All housing projects in the municipal area have been evaluated and analyised in the table 12 below. 5.3 Housing Institutional Arrangements

The Richmond Municipality has been progressive in identifying a number of housing projects in their area. The delivery of these housing projects has been predominantly based on a Turnkey strategy which used Implementing Agents to enhance the capacity of the Municipal housing official to deliver a greater number of housing projects.

However this arrangement has now been revised by the Department of Housing to a Traditional Preplanned Methodology in terms of the new tripartite agreement.

Richmond Municipality: Housing Sector Plan Page 34 MUNICIPAL MANAGER

Admin

Financial Corporate Technical Community Services Services Services Services

Admin Protection Ser Housing Dev Library

Infrastructure development unit Development & Town Planning Operations and Maintenance

Infrastructure GIS Tech Water & Waste Dev Unit Water

Infrastructure Lums Tech Solid Waste Tech

Essential Estate Services

Diagram 4: Housing institutional arrangements

Richmond Municipality: Housing Sector Plan Page 35 Pro No Project Name Project Type K no Sites Value funding requests Traditional AuthorityIA IDP Land Geotech Enviro Bulks Social Product Progress, comments 1 Siyathuthuka P1 Pls K 1999 758- 411 R11.4 mill Add funding Not Paul Kenon Ok Ok, Municipal Ok Ok Ok Ok, Additional funding approved Housing Project 0060 comp approved R4,3 Applicable owned land compact to complete project,Still mill signed awaiting registration of transfer to go through

2 Siyathuthuka P2 Rural 1000 +- 42 mill T1 app DFA/other prop 5 Ok Ok, Ingonyama Ok Ok Ok Ok 40m2 trance 1 planning stage

3 Phatheni P1 Rural K050 5005 700 R29 mill R1.4 mill Esiphatheni, Projecon Ok Ok, Ingonyama, Ok Ok, Exception Ok Ok 40m² Awaiting TAC, Planning Rural housing TA has LAA signed obtained Consent approval Project signd concent

4 Bynesfield/ Greenfield K 0401 120 R2.13 Mill R2.13 Mill Not Isibuko Se Ok Ok, LAA signed Ok, but Ok, but VIP's to Bulk water Ok 30m² The project is on track but is Zwelethu Project 0010 Applicable Afrika high water be lined and initially being hindered by the lack Housing Project table sealed. approved, Still of support and Cooperation Application for awaiting final from the District Record of letter of Decision approval from District 5 Inhlazuka Rural 400 R16.8 mill Dean Ok Land claim exists Awaiting resoplution of Land Chapman claims 6 Municipal Flats Social 500 R21 mill Initial prep Na OkOk Initial funding approved Housing funding feasibility to follow approved R50 000

Table 12: Project evaluation spreadsheet

Richmond Municipality: Housing Sector Plan Page 36

6 INFRASTRUCTURE

The overall objective in the provision of infrastructure, both physical and social, is in addressing the current backlogs to provide for balanced growth in an equitable manner with the emphasis being on accessibility to basic services which need to be provided in a sustainable and affordable manner to the Richmond Municipal community.

6.1 Service Level Backlogs The following information has been drawn fro the various uMgungundlovu District Municipal sector development plans and the land assessment study. Information presented is for the old wards and should be read as area 1 to 7. Therefore 80% of the municipality is without a flush toilet and 70% is without on site water.

70% 70% 80% MUNICIPALITY 80% MUNICIPALITY 55% 55% 91% 91%

63% 63% WARD 7 64% WARD 7 49% 64% 49% 91% 91%

85% 85% WARD 6 90% WARD 6 88% 90% 88% 95% 95%

84% 84% 90% WARD 5 90% WARD 5 88% 88% 95% 95%

AREA 46% AREA 46% 78% WARD 4 78% WARD 4 40% 40% 90% 90%

83% 83%88% WARD 3 88% WARD 3 33% 33% 96% 96%

22% 23%22% WARD 2 23% WARD 2 23% 23% 51% 51%

3% 3% WARD 1 2% WARD 1 2% 13% 13% 38% 38%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120% Without phone Without electricity PERCENTAGE Without phone Without electricity PERCENTAGE Without flust toilet Without on site water Without flust toilet Without on site water

Diagram 5: Service level backlogs (source IDP review 2007)

Richmond Municipality: Housing Sector Plan Page 37 6.2 Water and Sanitation supply

The uMgungundlovu district water services development plan aims to ensure the provision of equitable and sustainable services within the district municipality.

The priority issues that the IDP identified, which impact on water services includes the fact that 45% of the district population does not have access to appropriate, affordable levels of water infrastructure. Furthermore the IDP states that 93% of the district population does not access to appropriate and affordable levels of sanitation. The water services development plan for the district examines the total backlog for the local municipalities within the district, the findings reveal that there is a water supply backlog of approximately 16 898 households in 2003 and a sanitation backlog of approximately 36 030 within the same period.

Table 13: Households by sources of water by local municipality

Table 14: Rural water balance for the planning area

Richmond Municipality: Housing Sector Plan Page 38

Table 15: Access to sanitation by local municipality

Table 16: Sanitation program by the municipality

Plan 6: Existing and Proposed bulk extensions for the District

Richmond Municipality: Housing Sector Plan Page 39 6.3 Roads

All districts are required to prepare public transportation plans. These public transportation plans set out the responsible authorities vision, goals, objectives for public transport and its strategy, program and projects for the provision of public transport systems.

The district has recently adopted, in May 2005, its public transport plan the plan provides an overview of the existing public transport system, an overview of the national and provincial policy framework, a summary of the district and local SDF's, and needs analysis, a public Transport vision, strategies and projects and an associate project program and finance plan.

It is vital that this plan is integrated with the existing IDP and IDP reviews. The plan stresses the need for infill, densification and efficient land use/transportation interaction, as well as the need to direct high-density residential development into high utilization public transport corridors interconnected through development nodes.

6.4 Electricity

The draft integrated electrification plan has divided the electrification supply and two types i.e. grid and non-grid. Both of these types share a common vision in: eliminating the traditional electrification backlog, including new housing projects by end of 2017 in order to complete the electrification of 48 357 households (current total outstanding connections), 3720 connections need to be done per annum.

Three strategies are identified in order to address this objective:

• Obtaining maximum funding through thorough planning • Creation of electrical infrastructure • Funding the capital shortfall for grid electrification

6.5 Housing Projects

All of the bulks for the prioritized housing projects have been confirmed through the district municipality’s sector development plans, as well as through confirmation by the relevant project managers.

Richmond Municipality: Housing Sector Plan Page 40

6.6 Social Facilities

Considerable efforts have been made regarding the provision of community halls/Multi Purpose Community Centers and sports facilities within the Municipal area. However the problem remains in respect to the maintenance and the security of these facilities.

The table below indicates the:

FACILITY LOCATION TARGET COMMUNITY STATUS Community Hall Hopewell Hopewell Community Bad Condition

Community Hall Argosy Farm Argosy and Hopewell Good Condition (MPCC) Communities Community Hall Phatheni Phatheni Community Bad Condition

Community Hall Inhlazuka Inhlazuka Good Condition (MPCC) Community Hall Gengeshe Gengeshe, Masangazane Good Condition

Agricultural Hall Richmond Village Richmond, Greater Indaleni, Fair condition Byrne Valley Memorial Hall Richmond Village As mentioned above Fair condition

Community Hall Indaleni (at sports Greater Indaleni, Smozomeni Good condition field)

Table 17: Ddistribution of existing Social facilities

6.7 Integration with other Sectors

Integrated development is multi-faceted or multi-Sectoral and therefore answers to the specific needs and circumstances of communities. It is thus critical that the distinction is clearly understood between integration at the broad IDP level and integration at the project level.

Project level integration is concerned mainly with ensuring that development at the community or project occurs in a manner that is holistic, multi-Sectoral, appropriate and sustainable. This means ensuring that housing is accompanied, not only by the necessary water road, water and sanitation infrastructure, but also by other forms of development such as: agricultural and economic development (e.g.: support to de-facto micro enterprises),

Richmond Municipality: Housing Sector Plan Page 41 the provision of appropriate social facilities such as those relating to education and primary health care, assistance to special needs groups (e.g.: those infected or affected by HIV / AIDS, orphans and vulnerable children, the aged etc).

At a planning level an integrated approach should ensure the appropriate prioritization of projects and their co-ordination with their associated supporting departments to maximize development impact which will most effectively gear up local community initiative and energy, thereby reducing dependency in the long run.

Therefore the delivery of projects must be coordinated between departments. This integration can happen at a town planning stage through the establishment of education, health, economic development areas. However it is the responsibility of the Municipal housing official to ensure that all of the departments are aware of the proposed developments and that funding is coordinated to ensure maximum development benefits. At a basic level this plan should ensure that MIG funding is correctly coordinated with the proposed delivery of housing over the next five years.

However it is hoped that this plan can also provide a platform for further coordination of relevant sector departments such as education, economic development, social services health etc. to ensure that the proposed projects in this plan are implemented in an integrated and sustainable manor.

7 CONCLUSION

Richmond municipality has been progressive in identifying an initiating seven housing projects in the area. The largest proportion of the population is based in the tribal authority areas. These areas are characterized by the low level of basic services and are relatively far removed from the major employment centers. The table below provides a summary of the data collected from the 2001 census in relation to housing typologies and therefore housing demand.

Traditional % Slums % Employment % levels 1 Area 5 41 Area 6 46 Area 4 23 2 Area 7 23 Area 2 20 Areas 5,6 13 3 Area 4 17 Area 3 14 Areas 2,3&7 10-13% 4 Areas 2,3,6 3-8

Table 10: Summary of Housing Need

Richmond Municipality: Housing Sector Plan Page 42

Based on the information captured in the 2001 census, in terms of rural need based on household types area 5: Inhlazuka, should be assisted primarily (there is an existing project in that area providing 400 units, it is therefore suggested that an additional rural housing project be initiated in the new ward 5, area of Vumakwenza) thereafter, areas 7: Patheni (currently serviced with a rural project providing 700 units) and Gengeshe, Masangazama and Mgxobeleni (it is suggested that a further rural housing project be initiated in the Gengeshe Masangazama, Mgxobeleni area) , thereafter area 4: Hopewell, Argosy Farm (which is currently being services by the 1600 site Argosy farm project)

The total demand for rural housing is has been calculated at 2089, while the total demand for slums clearance or informal upgrade projects has been calculated at 2589.

Therefore the total estimated demand for housing in the Richmond Municipality is (2089+2589) = 4678 And the list of prioritized housing projects is as follows:

CURRENT PROJECTS (to be completed)

1. Argosy Farm (soon to be completed) 2. Siyathuthuka Phase 1 (soon to be completed) 3. Siyathuthuka Phase 2 4. Phatheni 5. Baynesfield/Zwelethu 6. Inhlazuka/St Bernard 7. Municipal Flats Richmond

PROPOSED PROJECTS / PROJECT AREAS

RURAL

1. Nhlazuka Rural Area 2. Gengeshe area

SLUMS CLEARANCE

1. Byrne area 2. Indaleni area (covered by Siyathuthuka P2)

Richmond Municipality: Housing Sector Plan Page 43 8 PROGRAM

Richmond Municipality: Housing Sector Plan Page 44 9 CASH FLOW

RICHMOND PROJECT CASH FLOW Budget Mill remaining 2007/8 2008/9 2009/10 20010/11 20011/12 Total 1 April- 1 April- 31 1 April- 31 1 April- 31 1 April- Sites Value 31 March March March March 31 March Current Projects Siyathuthuka P1 347 11.44 4.30 2.3 2.0 4.30 Phatheni 700 29.40 29.40 1.3 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 29.40 Baynefield/Zwelethu 120 5.04 5.04 0.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 5.04 Inhlazuka/St Bernard 400 16.80 16.80 0.8 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 16.80 Siyathuthuka P2 1000 42.00 42.00 1.9 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 42.00 Municipal Flats P1 500 21.00 21.00 1.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 21.00 Planned Projects: Rural Gengeshe Area 1000 42.00 42.00 1.9 1.90 Vumakwenza 1000 42.00 42.00 1.9 1.90 Slums Clearance Byrne area 400 16.80 16.80 0.4 5 5 10.40 Indaleni 600 25.20 25.20 0.4 8 8 16.40 Municipal Flats P2-3 1000 42.00 42.00 14 14 14 42.00 TOTALS 7067 293.7 7.5 29.3 31.9 40.3 40.3 149.1

Notes: The figures for the Municipal Flats (1500) s hould not be included in the overall achievement of only Richmond’s housing demand as they will be constructed to meet demand in the w hole Umgungundlovu’s district area. Furthermore it is expected that the current demand of 4678 will increase to at least 6000 with the influx of people to the urban centers with in Richmond by the end of the 5 year period i.e. 2012/3. Therefore the target of 7067 houses is not more than the available beneficiaries.

Richmond Municipality: Housing Sector Plan Page 45 10 RICHMOND PROJECTS AS PER THE KZN PROVINCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2007

District Municipality Area Local Detailed Project Desc Type of Number of Municipalit structure Structures No Project Name y Area

Richmond K20002 0030 Argosy Farm Umgungundlovu District 22 SLUM/Insitu PLS House 1630 Municipality

Richmond K1999 0060 Siyathuthuka Ph.1 Umgungundlovu District 22 SLUM PLS House 758 Municipality

Conditional Richmond Baynesfield (Restitution) Umgungundlovu District 22 SLUM PHP House 0 Approval Municipality

Conditional Richmond Siyathuthuka Phase II Umgungundlovu District 22 SLUM PHP House 0 Approval Municipality

Richmond k05050005 Phatheni Umgungundlovu District 22 SLUM PHP House 0 Municipality Conditional Richmond St. Bernard's and Amanda's Hill (Nhlazuka) Umgungundlovu District 22 SLUM PHP House 0 Approval Municipality Zwelethu (restitution) Umgungundlovu District 22 Richmond PLS House Inhlazuka Umgungundlovu District 22 Richmond PLS House Siyathuthuka Phase 2 (priv land ) Umgungundlovu District 22 Richmond PLS House Amandas Hill (Priv Land) Umgungundlovu District 22 Richmond PLS House Hopewell (Priv Land) Umgungundlovu District 22 Richmond PLS House Richmond Taxi rank, ablutions, trading stalls Umgungundlovu District 22 Richmond

Richmond Municipality: Housing Sector Plan Page 46 Appendix 1: RICHMOND MUNICIPALITY PROJECTS PLAN

Richmond Municipality: Housing Sector Plan Page 47 APPENDIX 1: REFERENCES

1 Brown, AL, Kitchin, MF, Robinson, PS, Todes, AE, 2003, Methods Of Achieving Integration In Development Planning: Early experiences from South African municipalities 2 Department of Housing, 2000, KZN, Rural Development, Policy Communiqué, No 3/2000, 26 May 2000 3 Department of Housing, 2003, KZN, Additional Rural Guidelines, Housing Policy communiqué, No 5/2003. 14 October, 2003 4 Department of Housing, 2003, Stage 1: Rural housing policy 5 Department of Housing, 2004, Stage 2: Tranche 1 Application pack 6 Department of Housing, 2005, Stage 2: Tranche 2 Application Pack 7 Department Of Land Affairs, Beneficial Occupation for State Land, 2004 8 Department Of Land Affairs, Interim Protection of Informal Land Rights Act, Act 31 9 Department Of Land Affairs, Land Redistribution for Agricultural Development, 2004 10 Department of Local Government and Traditional Affairs, 2004, Best Practice Guide for Municipal Organisational Performance Management in Kwazulu Natal, 11 Department of Local Government and Traditional Affairs, 2005, Draft Guidelines Document for Service Providers and Municipalities on How to Engage in the IDP Processes of the 2005/2006 IDP Review 12 Department of Local Government and Traditional Affairs, April 2005, Provincial Planning and development commission, Kwazulu Natal Land Use Management System: Quick Overview, 13 Department of Local Government and Traditional Affairs, July 2004, Assessment of In-Situ Housing Projects on Ingonyama Trust Land, Information Document, 14 Department of Provincial and Local Government, 2001, Information Package on Integrated Development Planning, pg12 15 Department of Provincial and Local Government, 2004, IDP Guideline Pack, 16 Department of Traditional and Local Government Affairs, 2004, Draft Guideline Document For Service Providers And Municipalities On How To Engage In The IDP Process Of The 2005/2006 IDP Review. 17 Dept of Housing, Nquthu; Housing Sector Plan, 2006 18 Development Works, Model for the Alignment of the Housing Program with Integrated Development Planning, Sep 2004. 19 Harrison, Philip, 2001, The genealogy of South Africa’s Integrated Development Plan, TWPR, 23 (2), P175-193 20 Ingonyama Trust Board, 2004, Ingonyama Trust Development Rights Agreement 21 Inter-Departmental integrated rural development workgroup of KwaZulu-Natal, 1998, Integrated Rural Development, Putting the pieces together 22 KwaZulu Natal Provincial Executive Committee, 2005, Provincial Growth and Development Strategy 23 KZN Department of Housing, 2003, Housing Planning Template 24 KZN Department of Housing, Version 5: Institutional Housing Application Pack 25 KZN Dept of Housing, Housing Policy Communiqué, Circular No 2/2006, Aug 2006 26 KZN Dept of Housing, Housing Policy Communiqué, Circular No 2/2005, Sep 2005 27 Local Government Transition Act, Second Amendment Act, Act 89 of 1995 28 Minister for Provincial and Local Government, 2005, Intergovernmental Framework Relations Bill, B3 29 National Department of Housing , “Breaking New Ground; A Comprehensive Plan for the Development of Sustainable Human Settlements”, Sep 2004

Richmond Municipality: Housing Sector Plan Page 48 30 National Department of Housing, March 2000, National Housing Code, p1-94 31 National Government of South Africa, Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, Act 108 of 1996 32 National Government, 1991, Less Formal Township Establishment Act, Act 3 33 National Government, 1991, Upgrading Of Land Tenure Rights, Act 112 34 National Government, 1992, KZN Land Affairs Act, Act 11 35 National Government, 1996, Interim Protection Of Inform All Rights Act, Act 31 36 National Government, 1997, Housing Act, Act 107 37 National Government, 1997, Ingonyama Trust Act, Act 9 38 National Government, 1998, National Environmental Management Acts, Act 187 39 National Government, 1998, National Water Act, Act 36 40 National Government, 1999, Public Finance Management Act, Act 29 41 National Government, 2000, National Land Transportation Transition Act, Act 22 42 National Government, 2004, Communal Land Rights Act, Act 11 43 National Government, 2004, Municipal Property Rates Acts, Act 6 44 National Government, Development Facilitation Act, No 67 of 1995, Item 3(1)c, P5 45 National Government, Integrated Rural Development Strategy, 2000 46 Planning and Development consortium for DLGTA, Land Use Management Systems: A Quick Overview, Nov 2002 47 Province of KZN, 1998, Integrated Rural Development White Paper for Kwazulu Natal 48 Province of KZN, AmaKhosi and Iziphakanyizwa Act. 1990 49 Province of KZN, KZN Land-Use and Development Bill, 2003 50 Provincial Planning and Development Commission, Oct 2004, Options for Township Establishment on Ingoyama Trust Land 51 Pycroft, C, 2000, Integrated Development Planning and Rural Local Government in South Africa, TWPR, 22 (1), P87-102 52 Robinson, P, 2004, New Skills For Planners In Managing Implementation Of Integrated Development Plans, ACTA Structillia 53 Robinson, P, Odendaal, N, 2004, IsoCaRP, International Manual of Planning Practices, School of Architecture, Planning and Housing 54 Rural Development Task Team, Department of Land Affairs, 1997, Rural Development Framework 55 UMgungundlovu District, Master Plannnig for the District, 2005 56 Project Applications, Projects 1-6. 2006 57 Umgungloveu Land development Study, Umgungundlovu District Municipality 58 Cotzee, Hickon, UKZN School of Economics and Finance, Local Ecconomic Assessment Report, Umgungundlovu District.2005 59 Udidi, PMB Land Use Management Framework, uMgungundlovu District 60 Richmond Municiplaity, IDP 2001 61 Richmond Municiplaity, IDP Review 2006

Internet Sources:

62 KZN, Department of Local Government and Traditional Affairs: Development Planning, www.devplan.kzntl.gov.za , accessed July 2006 63 South African Government Information, www.gov.co.za , accessed July 2006 64 Stats SA, www.statssa.gov.za , accessed July 2006

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