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05-Savita Kumari.Vp Progressive Research – An International Journal Society for Scientific Development Volume 12 (4) : 434-438, (2017) in Agriculture and Technology Print ISSN : 0973-6417, Online ISSN : 2454-6003 Meerut (U.P.) INDIA STUDY OF FOOD PAT TERN (PRE VI OUS AND CUR RENT PRAC TICES) DUR ING PREGNANCY AND LAC TA TION IN KUMAON RE GION OF UTTARAKHAND Savita Kumari1 and Kalpana Kulshrestha2 1Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Saraiya, Muzaffarpur-843126, Bihar 2Col lege of Home Sci ence, Depart ment of Foods and Nutri tion, GBPUA&T Pantnagar E-mail : [email protected]. ABSTRACT In order to know the trends of preferences and avoidances of foods during lactation and pregnancy a survey was conducted on 420 females of Uttarakhand ranging from 15-55 years and above age groups. There is a trend to include some foods as milk, dalia, fruits, panjiri, harela, masala etc as well as exclude some foods In urban area milk was previously used by 26% of lactating women whereas 32% were currently using milk. In case of rurals 28% were using it. A 21-23% lactating population was consuming halwa in both urban and rural area. In case of Panjiri (sweet dish prepared by from dry fruit, ghee and sugar) the consumption was previously among 29% in urban and 24% in rural population which decreased to 27% among current users of urban and increased in rural (33%). Currently 40% of urban lactating women were taking only plain chapatti with moong dal or plain vegetable (especially radish,potato) in addition to milk/ panjiri/ halwa. Currently 23.41% pregnant women of urban area and 20% of rural were using iron supplement whereas previously this was only among 10.24% in case of urban and 7% in rural. Pregnant and lactating women were not allowed to eat some food items like bhatt, urad, chilly, spices, rice, hot foods, cold foods, ghee, jaggery, salt, potato, fish/meat/chicken, etc. Rice was avoided mainly by lactating women, previously by 28% of urban and 24% of rural and currently by 30% of urban and 28% of rural. Spices including chilly were also avoided previously by 22.84% of urban and 28% of rural and currently by 22% of urban and 30% of rural lactating women. The diet of pregnant women was not much different from theusual diet of non pregnant women and nearly 52% to 55% did not avoid any food item. Key words : Food pattern, pregenancy, lacta tion. The expectant and lactating mothers are considered as forbidden food for the mothers as eating those might give nutritionally vulnerable group especially in the developing the infant stomach distention anddiarrhea (1). countries of the world. The success of lactation as well as MATERIALS AND METHODS the health status of infant depends entirely on type of diet consumed by women during pregnancy and lactation. For present study The purposive stratified sampling was Diets consumed by many lactating mothers in our country done for area selection. Out of six districts ofKumaon are poor and lack in many nutrients. Thus special attention region three districts were selected namely Udham Singh should be given to the diet of mother during lactation. The Nagar, Nainital and Champawat for studyon the basis of diets of the lactating mothers vary from place to place. The food insecurity status. From each district two blocks and study was planned to have an idea of nutrient intake of from each block two rural and two urbanareas were lactating mothers living in rural as well as urban areas so selected for study. Nearly twelve familieswere taken from that necessary modification can be suggested in their diet each area. Total 142 families representing different and nutrient intake for improving nutritional status of the socio-economic status were selected for study. Haldwani mothers and infants too. The lactating labourer of Haryana and Bhimtal blocks were purposively selected from were consuming only two meals daily. Breakfast Nainital districts. The two rural and two urban areas constituted of only tea and lunch included simply randomly selected under Bhimtal block were Bhujiaghat, chapaties with either chutney/onion or pickle. Some Bhalutia, Mallital Wardno.7 and Mallital Ward no.2 special foods which were nutritious but these were respectively. Under Haldawani block two rural and two consumed only for one to two week. The special food urban areas were Tallibamori, Quality colony, Haldwani included ajwain mixture, saunth, gaund, jaggery, ghee Ward no.19 and Haldwani Ward no.7 respectively. Under along with wheat flour in form of laddu or halwa.These Champawat district two blocks were selected, namely foods if consumed for a longer time might have Lohaghat and Champawat. Under Lohaghat block two contribution to calorie reserve to be used for lactation (3). rural and two urban areas were Kaligaon, Chaurigaon, The lactating mother of Meghwal community in part of arid Hatrangia and Bajarangbali Ward respectively. Under region of Rajsthan mayhave to drink luke warm water, Champawat block two rural and two urban areas were homemade medicated sweet dishecontaining ghee but Kharak Karki,Mali Madli, Mallihatt Ward no.2 and eating of meat was strictly prohibited. Vegetables were a Sellakulla respectively. The two blocks were selected from Udhamsingh Nagar namely Rudrapur and Kashipur. Kumari and Kulshrestha 435 Table-1a : Foods included during pregnancy and lactation in urban area (represented as % of population) Food Included Pregnancy Lactation Previous practice Current practice Previous practice Current practice MILK 14.14 20.48 26.34 32.19 Dalia 0.97 0.48 1.95 6.82 Fruits 5.36 18.53 1.46 6.34 Pulses 2.43 1.46 4.39 3.41 GLVs 1.46 2.92 0.48 1.46 Dry Fruits 2.92 6.82 11.21 12.19 Juice 3.41 5.365 0 0.97 Jaggery 0 0 0.97 0.48 Bhatt ka joula 0 0 0 0 Halwa 0.975 0 23.41 22.92 Ghee 0.48 0.97 5.36 2.92 Khichdi 0 0 0 0.48 Panjiri 3.41 0.97 29.26 27.31 Harera 2.92 0.97 9.26 5.36 Masala Laddu 0.97 0 3.41 3.90 No change 38.53 22.92 7.31 9.26 Iron supplement 10.24 23.41 4.87 14.14 Meat 0.97 0 0.97 1.46 Roti/ dal/ dalia/radish, lauki veg, 7.31 40.48 baked potato,with milk, panjiri/ halwa/ laddu/harela/ dry fruits Roti/ dal/ dalia/radish, lauki veg, 0.97 1.46 baked potato, no milk, panjiri/ halwa/ harela/ dry fruits Table-1b : Foods included during pregnancy and lactation in rural area (represented as % of population) Food Included Pregnancy Lactation Previous practice Current practice Previous practice Current practice MILK 9.60 16.38 28.24 28.81 Dalia 1.12 1.12 5.64 8.47 Fruits 6.77 11.29 1.12 5.08 Pulses 1.69 1.69 9.60 7.34 GLVs 2.25 2.25 0 1.12 Dry Fruits 1.69 3.38 7.34 11.86 Juice 0.56 1.69 0 0.56 Jaggery 0.56 0.56 1.69 2.25 Bhatt ka joula 0.56 0 0.56 0 Halwa 0 0 20.90 23.16 Ghee 3.95 4.51 9.03 10.73 Khichdi 0 0 0.56 1.69 Panjiri 0.56 1.12 23.72 33.33 Harera 0.56 0 10.16 11.29 Masala Laddu 0 0 5.649718 3.38 No change 53.67 42.37 15.81 11.29 iron supplement 6.77 19.77 0.56 3.95 defaultMEAT 0 0 2.259887 0.564972 Roti and dal/ dalia/radish, lauki veg, 6.77 5.64 baked potato, with milk,/panjiri/ halwa/ laddu/harela/ dry fruits Roti/ dal/ dalia/radish, lauki 2.25 0.56 veg,baked potato, no milk, no panjiri/ halwa/ harela/ dry fruits 436 Study of food pattern during pregnancy and lactation Table-1c : Foods excluded during pregnancy and lactation in urban areas (represented as % of population) Food excluded Pregnancy Lactation Previous practice Current practice Previous practice Current practice Onion 0 0 0 0 Garlic 0 0 0 0.48 Bhatt urad 0.97 1.45 1.45 2.91 Pickle 0 0 0 0.97 Gohut 0 0 0 0 Fish/meat/chiken 0.97 0.48 1.45 5.82 Chilly/spices 1.94 4.36 21.84 22.33 Black gram 0.97 0 0.97 0.48 Rice 1.45 0.48 27.66 29.61 Papita 0 0.48 0 0 Lentil 0 0 0.97 0.48 Fruits 0 0 0.97 0.97 Glv/ palak 0 0 9.22 8.73 Hot foods 3.39 0.97 0.97 0 Cold foods 3.88 3.39 18.44 13.10 Ghee 0 1.45 0.48 5.33 No change 44.17 41.74 9.70 9.22 Jaggery 0 0 1.45 1.941 Sour 0 0.97 0 0.97 Salt 0.97 0 3.39 7.28 Potato 3.39 7.28 0.48 4.36 Table-1d : Foods excluded during pregnancy and lactation in rural areas (represented as % of population) Food Excluded Pregnancy Lactation Previous practice Current practice Previous practice Current practice Onion 2.29 0.57 1.72 2.29 Garlic 2.29 0.57 2.87 2.87 Bhatt urad 1.14 2.87 6.89 4.02 lmult1Pickle 0.57 0 2.87 2.87 Gohut 1.14 0.57 1.14 0.57 Fish/meat/chiken 1.72 2.29 10.91 9.77 Chilly/spices 1.72 0.57 27.58 30.45 Black gram 2.87 2.29 1.72 2.29 Rice 2.29 2.29 23.56 28.16 Papita 1.14 0.57 0.57 0 Lentil 1.72 0.57 8.62 2.29 Fruits 0.57 0.57 3.44 1.72 Glvs palak 2.29 1.14 9.19 4.59 Hot foods 4.59 1.14 6.89 6.32 Cold foods 1.72 2.29 14.36 16.66 Ghee 0 0 4.02 1.14 No change 52.29 55.17 17.81 14.94 Jaggery 0 0 2.87 0.57 Sour 0.57 0 3.44 2.29 Salt 0 0 2.87 1.14 Potato 0 0 0 2.29 Under Kashipur block two rural and two urban areas were Awas Vikas.
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