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Energy Hybrid for Small Island: Case Studies North Maluku

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Energy Hybrid for Small Island: Case Studies North Maluku Energy Hybrid for Small Island: Case Studies North Maluku Rishal Asri1, Dwi Lukman Hakim2 1Institut Teknologi Sumatera 2Badan Pengkajian Penerapan Teknologi ABSTRACT North Maluku province has an area of 145.8 thousand km2 with the Provincial Capital in Sofifi. North Maluku electrical system is divided into 7 system that is Ternate Tobelo, Tidore, Bacan, Sanana and Daruba, and plus 21 smaller generating units spread out. The source of electricity North Maluku province is dominated (99%) from fossil fuel by using diesel engine, and small portion from solar energy (1%). Total capacity of the electricity is 200MW, with peak load 186 MW. Keywords: Electrcity, North Maluku INTRODUCTION North Maluku province has an area of 145.8 thousand km2 with the Provincial Capital in Sofifi. Administratively, this province consists of 7 districts and 2 cities. Regencies and cities are: Halmahera Barat, Central Halmahera, Sula Islands, South Halmahera, North Halmahera, East Halmahera, Morotai Island, Ternate, and Tidore Islands. The source of electricity North Maluku province is dominated (99%) from fossil fuel by using diesel engine, and small portion from solar energy (1%). Total capacity of the electricity is 200MW, with peak load 186 MW. At Ambon city, the demand of electricity in peak load 56 MW. And there are 400 villages in North Maluku province that still does not have any electrity. North Maluku electrical system is divided into 7 system that is Ternate Tobelo, Tidore, Bacan, Sanana and Daruba, and plus 21 smaller generating units spread out. North Maluku electrical system can be seen in the following figure. Source: RUPTL PLN, 2014 Fig 1. System of Electricity in North Maluku With this electricity condition, it is seen that the centers of power plant capacity both large and small are placed on county/city and sub-district or close to the load centers and is unable to reach burden in remote areas both located in the mainland as well as the separated by the island, due to the limited distribution through distribution system. Consequently there is still village not got electricity as shown in Table 1, which reached 438 villages. This condition indicates that the overall load on the supply using Power Diesel (diesel) both owned by PT. PLN or leased by the private company and for the islands or villages not reached by PLN electricity needs be pursued independently and partially by the locals. Table 1. Data Electricity Condition of Villages in North Maluku Number of Villages Regency Have electricity No electricity Total Kota Ternate 59 18 77 Kota Tidore Kepulauan 62 10 72 Halmahera Tengah 22 34 56 Halmahera Barat 123 24 147 Halmahera Utara 126 71 197 Halmahera Timur 39 38 77 Halmahera Selatan 93 163 256 Kepulauan Sula 72 61 133 Pulau Morotai 45 19 64 TOTAL 629 438 1,079 One of the approaches or solutions that can be done to overcome this problem is to utilize renewable energy technologies, which until now has not been used optimally especially solar energy and wind. In selected areas of solar radiation reaching the highest average 342 988 W/m2 in October and the lowest is 186 547 W/m2 in December as reported by BMKG, whereas wind potential could reach above 5 m/s. Data solar radiation and wind speed showed both the potential of this type of renewable energy need to be developed. The method used in this research that merge of the two sources of renewable energy, namely solar and wind energy into a system that is referred to as photovoltaic/wind hybrid system. The hybrid system can maximize the energy in the raised and more economical. PURPOSE OF STUDY The purposes of this study are how to increase electrical ratio, how to increase renewable energy mix and to maximize energy potential that is located in Ternate, also to solve problem for isolated location in Ternate. The results of this study are expected to help people who are in the area or remote villages in North Maluku region that until now has not reached by electricity so that it can support the activities of their lives. In addition, the results of this study may contribute to the development of electricity in North Maluku focused on the utilization of renewable energy technologies, especially solar and wind energy to be a good reference for the government and private sectors in planning the utilization of renewable energy more comprehensive. PROBLEMS The problems of this study are the dependency for diesel oil as fuel for power plant; the isolation of islands at North Maluku thus only Ternate has enough electricity; the villages at the border had issue about electrical crisis; Earth Quake or another nature disaster. Fig 2. The Location of Tidore Island. METHODOLOGY This study uses the software HOMER to see the techno-economic feasibility of the system hybrid PV/Wind or other scenarios. The study begins by investigating the potential of solar and wind energy show at that location has a solar and wind energy potential is high enough to generate electrical energy. This study uses the software HOMER. The output of the simulation generates a feasible list which hybrid system combined system with the most cost effective with the lowest net present cost is a combination of PV-wind turbine-generator-battery-converter that is set up with a generator operated under the strategy of base load or load following (LF). By using HOMER can be seen that the wind turbine and battery is an important component of the system is a hybrid PV/wind to meet the load demand at night, both of these components contribute greatly to the cost of the system, selecting the best measure of both to minimize costs, but with notice that no load is not met. RESULT AND DISCUSSION Measuring the potential of renewable energy which can be used in North Maluku Selecting hybrid system which the most suitable for the location Selecting micro-grid system to control the electrical system for hybrid energy . Wind Turbine Potential Photo-Voltage Potential Load Statistic Result of Simulation CONCLUCION 1) North Maluku recently still had high dependency for diesel power plant 2) The high fuel price of diesel oil tend to make the crisis of electricity 3) In ternate which the city with the biggest population had demand of electricity 19,5 MW so that need to supply electricity from renewable energy for energy REFERENCE A. Hiendro, R. Kurnianto, M. Rajagukguk, Y. M. Simanjuntak, and Junaidi, “Techno- economic analysis of photovoltaic/wind hybrid system for onshore/remote area in Indonesia,” Energy, 2013 BMKG Meteorologi and B. Ternate, “Data Rata-Rata Harian Radiasi Matahari Stasiun Meteorologi Babullah Ternate,” 2014. Kementrian ESDM, “Sosialisasi Peraturan Perundang-undangan Bidang Ketenagalistrikan, 21-23 Mei.” Ternate, Maluku Utara, 2014. PT. PLN Maluku-Maluku Utara, “Program Ketenagalistrikan Malut 22 Mei 2014.” Ternate, 2014 www.detik.com/70-tahun-ri-merdeka-400-desa-di-maluku-belum-mendapatkan-listrik.
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