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F-MARC Football Medicine Manual 2Nd Edition F-MARC Football Medicine Manual 2Nd Edition 2 Editors - Authors - Contributors | Football Medicine Manual

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F-MARC Football Medicine Manual 2Nd Edition F-MARC Football Medicine Manual 2Nd Edition 2 Editors - Authors - Contributors | Football Medicine Manual F-MARC Football Medicine Manual 2nd Edition F-MARC Football Medicine Manual 2nd Edition 2 Editors - Authors - Contributors | Football Medicine Manual Football Medicine Manual Editors DVORAK Jiri Prof. Dr F-MARC, Schulthess Clinic Zurich, Switzerland JUNGE Astrid Dr F-MARC, Schulthess Clinic Zurich, Switzerland GRIMM Katharina Dr FIFA Medical Offi ce Zurich, Switzerland Authors 2nd Edition 2009 ACKERMAN Kathryn E. Harvard Medical School Harvard, USA BABWAH Terence Dr Sports Medicine and Injury Rehabilitation Clinic Macoya, Trinidad BAHR Roald Prof. Dr Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Oslo, Norway BANGSBO Jens Prof. Dr University of Copenhagen Copenhagen, Denmark BÄRTSCH Peter Prof. Dr University of Heidelberg Heidelberg, Germany BIZZINI Mario PT Schulthess Clinic Zurich, Switzerland CHOMIAK Jiri Dr Orthopaedic University Hospital Bulovka Prague, Czech Republic DVORAK Jiri Prof. Dr F-MARC, Schulthess Klinik Zurich, Switzerland EDWARDS Tony Dr Adidas Sports Medicine Auckland, New Zealand ENGEBRETSEN Lars Prof. Dr Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Oslo, Norway FULLER Colin Prof. Dr University of Nottingham Nottingham, England GRIMM Katharina Dr FIFA Medical Offi ce Zurich, Switzerland JUNGE Astrid Dr F-MARC, Schulthess Clinic Zurich, Switzerland KHAN Karim Prof. Dr Editor in Chief British Journal of Sports Medicine Sydney, Australia Editors - Authors - Contributors | Football Medicine Manual 3 KOLBE John Prof. Dr University of Auckland Auckland, New Zealand LÜSCHER Thomas Prof. Dr University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland MANDELBAUM Bert Dr Santa Monica Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Group Santa Monica, USA MAUGHAN Ron Prof. Dr University of Loughborough Loughborough, Great Britain PETERSON Lars Prof. Dr Gothenburg Medical Center Gothenburg, Sweden REILLY Thomas Prof. Dr Liverpool John Moores University Liverpool, Great Britain SALTIN Bengt Prof. Dr Rigshospitalet Copenhagen, Denmark SCHMIED Christian Dr University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland SCOTT Alex PhD University of British Columbia Vancouver, Canada SEKAJUGO James Dr Ministry of Health Harare, Uganda SHIRREFFS Susan Dr University of Loughborough Loughborough, Great Britain SILVERS Holly PT Santa Monica Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Group Santa Monica, USA STEFFEN Robert Prof. Dr University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland STEINACKER Jürgen Prof. Dr University of Ulm Ulm, Germany TSCHOLL Philipp Dr sportclinic Villa Linde Biel, Switzerland Authors 1st Edition 2004 BAHR Roald Dr Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Oslo, Norway BIZZINI Mario Schulthess Klinik Zurich, Switzerland CARLSEN Kai-Hakon Prof. Dr Voksentoppen BKL, National Hospital, University of Oslo Oslo, Norway 4 Editors - Authors - Contributors | Football Medicine Manual DE CEUNINCK Michel Dr Afdeling Heilig Hartziekenhuis Roeselare, Belgium D’HOOGHE Michel Dr AZ Sint-Jan AV Brugge, Belgium D’HOOGHE Pieter Dr Stedelijk Ziekenhuis Roeselare Roeselare, Belgium FULLER Colin Prof. Dr University of Nottingham Nottingham, England GRAF-BAUMANN Toni Prof. Dr Offi ce for Science Management Teningen, Germany HELSEN Werner Prof. Dr Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Leuven, Belgium KIRKENDALL Donald T Dr University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC, USA MANDELBAUM Bert Dr Santa Monica Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Group Santa Monica, US MARQUARDT Barbara PT Deutsche Gesellschaft für Manuelle Therapie Ärztegesellschaft (FAC) e.V Hamm-Boppard, Germany PETERSON Lars Prof. Dr Gothenburg Medical Center Gothenburg, Sweden SEKAJUGO James Dr Ministry of Health Harare, Uganda VANSCHEIDT Wolfgang Prof. Dr Paula-Modersohn-Platz Freiburg, Germany WESTON Matthew MSc The FA Premier League London, England Committees | Football Medicine Manual 5 Medical Committee Chairman D’HOOGHE Michel, Dr Belgium Deputy Chairman MAKUDI Worawi Thailand Members PETERSON Lars, Prof. Sweden DVORAK Jiri, Prof. Switzerland ZERGUINI Abdelmadjid Yacine, Dr Algeria MADERO Raúl, Dr Argentina GRAF-BAUMANN Toni, Prof. Germany TOLEDO Lidio, Dr Brazil ABDELRAHMAN Hosny, Prof. Egypt BABWAH Terence, Dr Trinidad and Tobago SINGH Gurcharan, Dr Malaysia EDWARDS Tony, Dr New Zealand AL-RIYAMI Masoud, Dr Oman AOKI Haruhito, Prof. Japan FUSIMALOHI Selina, Dr Tonga MANDELBAUM Bert, Dr USA PALAVICINI Carlos, Dr Costa Rica RAMATHESELE Victor, Dr South Africa DEBRUYNE Jean-Marie, Dr Tahiti FIFA Medical Assessment and Research Centre (F-MARC) President D’HOOGHE Michel, Dr Belgium Chairman DVORAK Jiri, Prof. Dr Switzerland Members PETERSON Lars, Prof. Dr Sweden GRAF-BAUMANN Toni, Prof. Dr Germany JUNGE Astrid, Dr Germany MADERO Raúl, Dr Argentina ZERGUINI Abdelmadjid Yacine, Dr Algeria FULLER Colin, Prof. Dr England ROUX Constant-Antoine, Prof. Dr Côte d’Ivoire EDWARDS Tony, Dr New Zealand MANDELBAUM Bert, Dr USA ABDELRAHMAN Hosny, Prof. Dr Egypt CHOMIAK Jiri, Dr Czech Republic KIRKENDALL Don, Dr USA 6 Contents | Football Medicine Manual Contents Page Chapter 10 Preface 12 1. Background information 14 1.1 The F-MARC concept of prevention 17 1.2 The team physician in football 17 1.2.1 The roles of the team physician in football 19 1.2.2 Contents of medical bags in football 22 2. Prevention 24 2.1 General medical assessment 24 2.1.1 General history 24 2.1.2 Orthopaedic examination 47 2.1.3. Cardiac examination 57 2.1.4 Assessment of performance 62 2.2 Prevention of injury 62 2.2.1 Registration of injury 66 2.2.2 Frequency and characteristics of injury 73 2.2.3 Injury prevention programmes 99 2.2.4 Protective equipment 102 2.3 Prevention of sudden cardiac death 102 2.3.1 Background and epidemiology 103 2.3.2 Causes of sudden cardiac arrest and sudden cardiac death 106 2.3.3 Primary prevention 109 2.4 Special target groups 109 2.4.1 Female players – the female athlete triad 112 2.4.2 Youth players 118 2.4.3 Referees 123 2.5 Nutrition and fl uids for football training and match play 123 2.5.1 Diet for training 126 2.5.2 Diet for competition 127 2.5.3 Alcohol 128 2.5.4 Supplements 128 2.5.5 Nutrition needs of the female player 128 2.5.6 Nutrition needs of the child player 129 2.5.7 Conclusion Contents | Football Medicine Manual 7 130 2.6 Enviromental factors 130 2.6.1 Extreme temperatures – heat and cold 135 2.6.2 High altitude 137 2.6.3 Air travel and jet lag 143 2.7 Prevention of doping 143 2.7.1 Aims of anti-doping strategies in football 143 2.7.2 Defi nition of doping 143 2.7.3 The magnitude of doping in football 144 2.7.4 Doping substances 146 2.7.5 Inadvertent doping 146 2.7.6 Therapeutic use exemption 147 2.7.7 Doping control administration within football 148 2.7.8 FIFA network of doping control offi cers (DCOs) 150 2.8 Use and abuse of medication 153 3. Injuries 154 3.1 Ankle injuries 154 3.1.1 Incidence 154 3.1.2 Functional anatomy 154 3.1.3 Classifi cation and grading 155 3.1.4 Causes and mechanisms 156 3.1.5 Risk factors 156 3.1.6 Symptoms and signs 156 3.1.7 Examination and diagnosis 157 3.1.8 On-fi eld treatment 159 3.1.9 Non-operative and operative treatment 159 3.1.10 Rehabilitation programme 159 3.1.11 Prognosis and return to play 160 3.1.12 Sequelae and their treatment 161 3.2 Knee injuries 162 3.2.1 Knee ligament injuries 170 3.2.2 Knee meniscus injuries 172 3.2.3 Knee cartilage injuries 176 3.3 Thigh muscle injuries 176 3.3.1 Incidence 176 3.3.2 Functional anatomy 176 3.3.3 Classifi cation and grading 177 3.3.4 Causes and mechanisms 178 3.3.5 Symptoms and signs 179 3.3.6 Examination and diagnosis 179 3.3.7 On-fi eld treatment 180 3.3.8 Non-operative and operative treatment 180 3.3.9 Rehabilitation programme 181 3.3.10 Prognosis and return to play 181 3.3.11 Sequelae and their treatment 8 Contents | Football Medicine Manual 182 3.4 Groin and hip injuries 182 3.4.1 Incidence 183 3.4.2 Functional anatomy 184 3.4.3 Classifi cation and grading 184 3.4.4 Causes and mechanisms 186 3.4.5 Symptoms and signs 186 3.4.6 Examination and diagnosis 186 3.4.7 Non-operative and operative treatment 187 3.4.8 Rehabilitation programme 187 3.4.9 Prognosis and return to play 188 3.5 Tendon and overuse injuries 188 3.5.1 Incidence 188 3.5.2 Functional anatomy 188 3.5.3 Classifi cation and grading 189 3.5.4 Causes and mechanisms 189 3.5.5 Symptoms and signs 189 3.5.6 Examination and diagnosis 190 3.5.7 On-fi eld treatment 190 3.5.8 Non-operative and operative treatment 191 3.5.9 Rehabilitation programme 192 3.5.10 Prognosis and return to play 192 3.5.11 Sequelae and their treatment 193 3.6 Head and brain injuries 193 3.6.1 Incidence 194 3.6.2 Causes of acute head injury – injury mechanism and risk factors 194 3.6.3 The potential for chronic traumatic brain injury 194 3.6.4 Types of brain injury 195 3.6.5 Concussion classifi cation and grading 195 3.6.6 Symptoms and signs of acute concussion 197 3.6.7 Concussion management 198 3.6.8 The role of pharmacological therapy 200 3.6.9 Special populations 201 3.6.10 Concussion prevention 201 3.6.11 Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT) 206 3.7 Spinal injuries 206 3.7.1 Incidence 206 3.7.2 Clinical biomechanics 207 3.7.3 Cervical spine 208 3.7.4 Bony and ligamentous injuries 210 3.7.5 Soft tissue injuries of the cervical spine 210 3.7.6 Thoracic spine 211 3.7.7 Lumbar spine/pelvic girdle 211 3.7.8 Acute low back pain (LBP) 211 3.7.9 Recurrent or chronic low back pain 212 3.7.10 Trauma-induced disc herniation 213 3.7.11 Traumatised spondylolysis Contents | Football Medicine Manual 9 214 4.
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