DOCSLIB.ORG

Humores Y Hormonas

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Humores Y Hormonas Historia de las Hormonas Academia Nacional de Medicina HISTORIA DE LAS HORMONAS Más de un siglo de endocrinología 2007 ALFREDO JÁCOME ROCA INDICE 1. Glándulas y humores en la antigüedad Los cuatro humores de Hipócrates Alfredo Jácome Roca 1 Historia de las Hormonas Las primeras glándulas Patologías endocrinas en la edad antigua 2. Las enigmáticas glándulas sin conducto De los anatomistas y otros observadores Teorías filosóficas, aportes médicos Pintores de la patología endocrina Casos y teorías La hermosa voz de soprano de los castrati 3. Addison y Gull, precursores ingleses La Inglaterra de la Reina Victoria Addison y la Insuficiencia Suprarrenal Gull y el Mixedema Otros investigadores de la tiroides Aportes del Reino Unido al conocimiento de las glándulas de secreción interna 4. Enfermedades endocrinas en el siglo diecinueve Investigadores teutones Diabetes por pancreatectomía Se descubren los islotes pancreáticos Experimento pionero de Berthold Alemanes, suizos y austriacos hace aportes Cuando la medicina habló francés Francia y los conocimientos endocrinos del ochocientos Claude Bernard y el medio interno Brown-Sèquard, otro precursor de la endocrinología Pierre Marie y la acromegalia Boussingault y el bocio endémico Contribuciones de otros países 5. Las primeras hormonas Secretina y gastrina Medula suprarrenal y catecolaminas Fitohormonas La opoterapia 6. La insulina y el enorme reto de la diabetes La idea de Banting Los que –casi- descubren la insulina Por fin, la insulina McLeod Hormonas diabetogénicas El metabolismo intermediario Hipoglicemiantes orales 7. Hormonas de las suprarrenales y de la tiroides Alfredo Jácome Roca 2 Historia de las Hormonas De la cuasi-ignorancia al hallazgo de la Cortina Cortina: mezcla de compuestos esteroideos La tiroxina: aportes de Kendall y Harington Cortisona, la droga milagrosa Primeros usos de corticoides en Colombia Aldosterona y presión arterial 8. La glándula maestra El infantilismo Albores de la neuroendocrinología Patología hipofisiaria Sistema porta hipofisiario Pituitaria, desarrollo y reproducción El síndrome general de adaptación Las hormonas del lóbulo posterior Hipófisis en el siglo XX Un Nóbel para la endocrinología moderna 9. Hormonas gonadales Hormonas sexuales Estrógenos en orina Los diferentes estrógenos Los Anales de Endocrinología de París Progestágenos de las plantas La anticoncepción hormonal Endocrinología ginecológica en Colombia Las hormonas masculinas El síndrome de Stein-Leventhal 10. Desarrollo de la endocrinología El cirujano que descubrió el origen del hipotiroidismo La edad heroica de la producción de hormonas esteroides Primeras pruebas diagnósticas para endocrinopatías Autoinmunidad y patología endocrina Isótopos radiactivos en endocrinología Desarrollo del radioinmunoanálisis 11. Eunucoidismo y diferenciación sexual Fenotipo y hormonas sexuales Hermafroditismos y trastornos del cariotipo Hiperplasia suprarrenal congénita Hormonas y homosexualidad 12. El metabolismo óseo Paratiroides, tetania y patología ósea antes del siglo XX Raquitismo y vitamina D El siglo XX Alfredo Jácome Roca 3 Historia de las Hormonas El padre de la paratiroidología 13. Hormonas: aspectos especiales Endocrinología pediátrica Endocrinología ginecológica La tiroidología Cirugía endocrina La diabetes, el síndrome metabólico y las hiperlipidemias Andrología Endocrinología y cáncer Sociedades de endocrinología Premios de endocrinología 14. Endocrinología molecular Descubrimiento de los receptores hormonales Mecanismos de acción hormonal Neurotransmisores y eicosanoides Genética y endocrinología Futuro de la endocrinología 15. Referencias El autor es un internista-endocrinólogo, miembro de número de la Academia Nacional de Medicina de Colombia y del Colegio Americano de Médicos. Es miembro honorario de la Asociación Colombiana de Endocrinología y miembro de la Sociedad Colombiana de Historia de la Medicina. Otros libros publicados son Fisiología Endocrina (tres ediciones), Historia de los Medicamentos, Diabetes en Colombia, Pruebas funcionales tiroideas, Fisiopatología Paratiroidea y La tiroidología en Colombia, de la cual fue Editor. Alfredo Jácome Roca 4 Historia de las Hormonas 1 GLÁNDULAS Y HUMORES EN LA ANTIGÜEDAD Los cuatro humores de Hipócrates La humanidad ha conocido por seis mil años datos clínicos sobre una deficiencia hormonal común, la asociada a la castración; existe noticia de que un campesino del neolítico notó que era más fácil domesticar a un animal castrado que a uno entero. En este orden de ideas, como la endocrinología es la ciencia de los efectos humorales, podríamos decir que ya la habían teóricamente imaginado los pensadores clásicos de la antigüedad –Aristóteles, Hipócrates, Celso y Galeno- que se basaron en el concepto de los cuatro humores para explicar la salud y la enfermedad, o en el oriente la teoría del yin y el yang, combinada –claro está- con la astrología, el clima, el estado de ánimo o el tipo de dieta alimenticia. Así que los efectos de la castración cuadraban perfectamente con una teoría de los humores. De hecho existía un concepto filosófico –el consensus partium- que hablaba de que los órganos debían tener una cooperación armoniosa entre sí. La teoría de los cuatro humores –que se encontraban equilibrados en la salud y desequilibrados en la enfermedad- se originó con Hipócrates de Cos, el médico griego que se considera el Padre de la Medicina. Este planteamiento se basó en la idea de los griegos de que el universo esta formado por cuatro elementos básicos (agua, aire, fuego y tierra) cada uno con una cualidad especifica (humedad, sequedad, calor, frío), y que entre los elementos opuestos debe haber un equilibrio para que se logre la armonía del cosmos y la salud humana en su microcosmos. Los humores vienen a ser los líquidos orgánicos, compuestos en proporción variable por sangre (caliente y húmeda), flema o pituita (fría y húmeda), bilis amarilla (caliente y seca) y bilis negra (fría y seca). La eliminación de los humores por el organismo puede observarse durante la enfermedad (sangre, flema o moco de la nariz, vómitos, materias fecales, orina, sudor), que desaparece después de la crisis, en la que hay expulsión de uno de los humores. Según la proporción de cada uno de los cuatro humores en cada persona, se les clasificaba en flemáticos, melancólicos, coléricos o sanguíneos. Aunque la única glándula endocrina que ellos pudieran haber incluido en esta teoria era la pituitaria (la pituita producida allí pasaba a la nariz a través de la criba etmoidal), las demás en realidad hubieran tenido relación con el humor que llamaban sangre, a la que se vierten las hormonas para hacer su efecto a distancia. Las primeras glándulas Las glándulas conocidas desde tiempos remotos –aunque de manera muy imperfecta por supuesto- fueron la hipófisis, la pineal, el páncreas y las gonadas; en cuanto a las enfermedades, ya se hablaba de la diabetes, del raquitismo, del bocio, del eunucoidismo, de las mujeres que parecían mancebos (pseudo-hermafroditismos femeninos), de la pubertad precoz y de los gigantes, si recordamos por ejemplo a Goliat. La hipófisis (o excrescencia inferior) por ejemplo la conocían los anatomistas griegos con el nombre de pituitaria o productora de moco – en inglés también se utiliza ese nombre- cuya pituita o Alfredo Jácome Roca 5 Historia de las Hormonas secreción mucosa descendía del cerebro a la región naso-faríngea a través de la criba etmoidal; Galeno agregó que un trastorno de esa glándula era… la causa de los catarros. A la epífisis (o excrescencia superior del cerebro) Galeno la llamó conarium –por su forma de conífera- y Plinio y Celso le dieron el apelativo de núcleo pineal, también por aquello de los pinos. El médico de los emperadores -nacido en Grecia- dogmatizó que sobre una eventual función como el órgano del pensamiento y de la emoción. El pan kreas (todo carne) era según los griegos, un soporte de los órganos vecinos. En cuanto al testículo, este se consideraba el testigo de la virilidad, por su cercanía al órgano de la cópula y por el afeminamiento morfológico de los castrados antes de la pubertad; el ovario era simplemente el testículo de las mujeres. Sobre la menstruación, la preñez y el amamantamiento escribieron egipcios, griegos y romanos muchos y extensos manuscritos con variables y curiosas opiniones como ya lo podremos imaginar. La obstetricia –ayudar por delante- era labor de parteras en las antiguas civilizaciones, así como las cesáreas de las época de la famosa familia Julia en Roma. El conocimiento del útero como estructura anatómica se remonta a Herófilo en el siglo IV a.C., quien describió sus diferentes posiciones. Hay descripciones del útero como órgano diferente a la vagina en papiros egipcios y escrituras se la India que datan del año 2500 a.C. Vesalio -en el siglo XVI- fue el primero en revelar en forma adecuada la presencia de la cavidad endometrial. Los antiguos habían usado la organoterapia, mas no con la idea de que hubiera sustancias activas en las vísceras sino en la creencia de que un órgano enfermo podía ser curado por la ingestión del mismo órgano, pero sano (Similia, similibus...). Así los egipcios prescribían molido de pene de asno para curar la impotencia y los romanos –tal vez mejor encaminados- testículos del mismo animal para curar la afección. Como los egipcios empleaban hiel y otros componentes del mismo animal para tratar las más disímiles afecciones, el historiador Guthrie afirma que por lo visto “el farmacéutico de aquellos tiempos era también un hábil cazador”. Y fue en esa época
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Thomas Peel Dunhill, the Forgotten Man of Thyroid Surgery
    THOMAS PEEL DUNHILL, THE FORGOTTEN MAN OF THYROID SURGERY by I. D. A. VELLAR* THE MODERN surgeon approaches the surgery of thyrotoxicosis with confidence, the confidence derived from the excellence of modem anaesthesia, the euthyroid state of the patient and the knowledge that blood transfusion, antibiotics and the specific management of the occasional crisis are always available to extricate the patient from any of these complications. Though full of confidence in his own and others' abilities, he usually matches this by a profound ignorance of the contribution of the thyroid pioneers whose activities at the turn of the century helped to lay the foundation for the safe management of the thyrotoxic. One of these pioneers was an Australian, Thomas Peel Dunhill (fig. 1), whose contributions to thyroid surgery have been almost entirely forgotten. To understand fully the role of Dunhill, it is important to look at the position of thyroid surgery and in particular, the surgery of toxic goitre at the turn of the nineteenth century and in the first two decades of the twentieth century. It will then be possible to appreciate more fully the achievements of these thyroid pioneers, who enabled the mortality of the surgery of toxic goitre to be reduced from 30-50 per cent (it was 30 per cent at St. Thomas's Hospital, London, as recently as 1910) to a minute fraction of one per cent today. The early history of the surgery of the thyroid gland may be traced in Halsted's painstaking compilations included in his article. 'The operative story of goitre- the author's operation' in the Johns Hopkins Hospital Reports, 1920.1 However, the recognition of goitre goes back many thousands of years.
    [Show full text]
  • Trinity Medicine: 1711-2011
    TRINITY MEDICINE POISED FOR FURTHER SUCCESS For centuries, the Trinity College Dublin School of Medicine has contributed to medical education, research and practice not just in Ireland but at a global level. Eminent physicians such as William Stokes and Robert Graves not only wrote the textbooks used in medical education around the world but were the clinical researchers of their day, identifying and describing the conditions that to this day bear their names. These were the medical leaders of their time and we intend to preserve their legacy by educating and preparing exceptional doctors who can lead the profession in the 21st century. Furthermore, it is our responsibility will help improve and save the lives of academics to help us leverage the to ensure that excellence in medical many. Research in bioengineering is School’s existing strengths and to education and research at Trinity has producing new medical devices some of enhance other areas where we can a real impact on the lives of patients. which are now entering clinical trials. have major impact. In our School and teaching hospitals, with their public service ethos, we are I am committed to building on our To do this, we need the support and extremely fortunate to have world- strong traditions combined with latest involvement of a wider community and class doctors who are committed to achievements to further strengthen we hope that our alumni can lead the making a difference. At Trinity College the School’s international standing, way. The Tercentenary Board members Dublin, we are very excited about the ranking highly at a global level.
    [Show full text]
  • Graves Family Newsletter, June 1994
    -49 - June 1994 ISSN 0146-0269 Volume 17, Number 99 TTHHEE GGRRAAVVEESS FFAAMMIILLYY NNEEWWSSLLEETTTTEERR Dec. 1912 in Smith Co., KS, and died CONTENTS Christmas day, 25 Dec. 1993. Graves Family News...........................49 Address Changes ...............................49 ADDRESS CHANGES New England Graves Reunion in Mansfield, MA .................................49 Mrs. Marie Greene, descended from Tracing Your Ancestry -- Speakers at WILLIAM LYNCH GRAVES of VA & TN, the New England Reunion ..............50 has changed her P.O. Box number. Her new Graves Family Reunions ....................50 address is P.O. Box 483, Angel Fire, NM Graves Family Books..........................51 87710. Trip to England in May 1995...............51 Membership Directory Updates ..........52 Some Graves/Greaves Families of NEW ENGLAND GRAVES REUNION IN England, With Pictures....................52 MANSFIELD, MA Questions and Information..................56 Ancestor Chart of Margaret Eileen A reunion of all Graves families of New Graves of St. Mary’s Co., MD .........57 England was held on June 3-4 at the Holiday Some Descendants of Greaves of Inn in Mansfield, MA. Staffordshire, England, and George The speakers both Friday evening and Frederick Greaves ..........................59 Saturday morning were excellent. See the Descendancy Chart of Amos Graves following article for more information. and Charlotte ------ of NY ................61 People attending (with their ancestry) were: Descendants of Arthur Huntley Graves From Rear Adm. Thomas Graves of of VT ...............................................62 Charlestown: Mrs. Adeline M. Beier, Park Ancestor Charts of Herman Benton Ridge, IL; Mr. Robert Allen Greene, East Gordon of AL...................................69 Greenwich, RI; Mr. and Mrs. Vincent Hayden Ancestor Chart of Edward Douglas (Doris), West Babylon, NY. Graves of IN....................................71 Thomas Graves of Hartford, CT: Mrs.
    [Show full text]
  • Richard Bright in Guy's Hospital
    RICHARD BRIGHT OF GUY’S HOSPITAL By DeLANCEY ROCHESTER, M.D. BUFFALO, N. Y. ^~|| ■MHE latter part of the eighteenth were greatly trained. Upon his return from s and the early part of the nine- Iceland he pursued his medical studies as I teenth centuries formed the one of the medical officers of Guy’s Hospital _il , golden age in clinical medicine as where he attended lectures given by James evidenced by the remarkable activity in Currie and Astley Cooper. From the latter clinical and pathological investigations in he imbibed a sense of the value of morbid France by Pinel, who will always be held in anatomy and even at that time executed the highest regard for his work in putting a drawing of the appearance of the kidney insanity in the category of disease and in that malady in the investigation of which in treating the insane as patients in a he afterwards made himself famous. At hospital instead of as criminals; by Bichat the same time he became interested in who must be considered the founder of geology and in 1811 read a paper to the that remarkable school of pathological and Geological Society on the strata in the clinical investigation of which the two neighborhood of Bristol. shining lights were Louis and Laennec. In 1812 he returned to Edinburgh and In the so-called New Vienna School, the graduated in September of that year, the work of Wunderlich, Rokitansky and Skoda title of his graduation thesis being, “De stand out preeminently. erysipelate contagioso.” Then after two In Great Britain in the Dublin School, terms at Cambridge University he returned remarkable work was being done by John to London and studied in the public dispens­ Cheyne, Abraham Colles, Robert Adams, ary under Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Provided by the Author(S) and University College Dublin Library in Accordance with Publisher Policies
    Provided by the author(s) and University College Dublin Library in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite the published version when available. Title The Dublin Journal of Medical and Chemical Science Catalogue Authors(s) Mullen, John; Wheelock, Harriet Publication date 2010 Series UCD Irish Virtual Research Library and Archive Research Report Series; 7 Publisher UCD Irish Virtual Research Library and Archive Item record/more information http://hdl.handle.net/10197/2487 Downloaded 2021-09-04T23:17:45Z The UCD community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters! (@ucd_oa) © Some rights reserved. For more information, please see the item record link above. IVRLA1 RESEARCH REPORT: THE DUBLIN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL AND CHEMICAL SCIENCE CATALOGUE John Mullen and Harriet Wheelock (Researchers) 1. CONTEXT The aim of this project is to provide a full and complete catalogue of The Dublin Journal of Medical and Chemical Science (DJMS)2 from its establishment in 1832 to 1949. DJMS is the longest established medical periodical in Ireland, and is an invaluable source for the history and development of medicine in Ireland. Amongst its contributors and editors are some of the most famous Irish medical practitioners of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. In their survey of the literature on Irish medical history Malcolm and Jones have shown that in the past histories of medicine of Ireland have tended to be narrowly focused on institutions, biography and public health, and to be descriptive in nature (1). This project aims to open up DJMS as a source for medical historians who are developing an analytical and contextual approach to their subject, and will hopefully develop further interest in the history of Irish medical publications.
    [Show full text]
  • Walter Edwin Griesbach (1888-1968) Life and Work
    Viola Angelika Schwarz Walter Edwin Griesbach (1888-1968) Life and Work This thesis was submitted for the degree of a doctor of medicine at the “Institute of Medical History”, Eberhard-Karls-University of Tübingen/Germany, supervisor Prof. Dr. Dr. D. Goltz (grade: magna cum laude) Partly translated from German into English by John S. Dawson†, MA (NZ), PhD (Toronto), Dunedin, 2002 Edited by Andrew Brook†, D.V.Sc., Narooma, Australia Published in German by: Peter Lang GmbH, Frankfurt/Main, Germany, 1999 ISBN 3-631-34446-5 Medico Magistrali I may not expect that, from the flight of fate, years have passed me by without a trace. Each one seized the spokes of my wheel, Spun it around, stopped, and left its mark. One struck me in the gall bladder, another slowly bowed my neck, Many of them laid their hands on my face: Light spread inside me, yet the day’s beams faded. That in turn had its effect on the joints of my sole and foot, My step grew heavy, my ankle began to twist. This took the pleasure from vigorous slurping and munching, It tortured my fingers in claw-like cramp. One stroked over my hair, so that it was streaked with grey, And banished me from the daughters to the mothers. The gloss fades, just as on the antique sideboard – The dowling splits, the drawer screeches: you’re out of fashion! But stand tall, with lively spirit, when the naked whirlwind Wildly tears at old trees and clumps of branches, And invisibly my little bird cuts victoriously through the thunderous song of the giant: My bird’s heart beats powerfully, Whether it is rejoicing or afraid, for it is not made to linger in limbo.
    [Show full text]
  • The Life and Labours of Robert James Graves, M.D
    THE DUBLIN JOURNAL oF I IEDICAL SCIENCE. JANUARY 1, 1878. PART I. ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS. ART. I.--The Life and Labours of Robert James Graves, M.D2 By JAMES FOULIS DUNCAN, M~.D.; ex-President, King and Queen's College of Physicians, &c. MR. PRESIDENT,--I have been requested by the Committee appointed to erect a statue to the memory of the late Professor Graves to give a short account of their proceedings, now that their labours have been brought to a close, and to make a few remarks introductory to the proceedings of the day. Some four years ago Dr. Hudson, who then filled the Chair which you now so worthily occupy, on the completion of his pre- sidential career, requested the College to appropriate the then vacant space on your right to a memorial of the late Professor Graves, corresponding in character and dimensions to the other figures which now adorn this hall. This suggestion was at once cordially agreed to. Shortly afterwards a meeting was called of members of the profession and other persons likely to sympathise with the movement, when a large and influential Committee was appointed to carry out the design, Dr. Stokes and Dr. Hudson, with the late Sir W. Wilde, being appointed secretaries. And here, it is only justice to say, that the late Sir W. Wilde, whose untimely death every true-hearted Irishman must deeply lament, a An Address delivered at the unveiling of the statue of Dr. Graves in the tta]l of the College of Physicians, Wednesday, December 19, 1877. VOL.
    [Show full text]
  • The Glories of Ireland
    ,'/?^ tr'^ .^ .//-"". 1 ^ ^>vv.^ .\- '1/ UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN BOOKSTACKS Return this book on or before the Latest Date stamped below. A charge is made on all overdue books. U. of I. Library !1AR iUH 1) JAN 2 '3! 1^^ 7, 'lr f. O T^l r» DEC 03 m IM l««*f !JEtl4\<iW 9324-S THE GLORIES OF IRELAND EDITED BY JOSEPH DUNN. Ph.D.. »•> AND P. J. LENNOX, IJttD., PttOFESSORS AT THH CATHOLIC UNIVEESITT OF AMEBICA PHOENIX. UMTTED WASHINGTON. D. C. 1914 Copyright, 1914, by Phoenix, Limited All Rights Reserved ap' & TO THE IRISH RACE IN EVERY LAND 4o46i:)9 : Ireland: 'All thy life has been a symbol ; we can only read a part God will flood thee yet with sunshine for the woes that drench thy heart." John Boyle O'Reilly. PREFACE We had at first intended that this should be a book without a preface, and indeed it needs none, for it speaks in no uncer- tain tones for itself; but on reconsideration we decided that it would be more seemly to give a short explanation of our aim, our motives, and our methods. As a result of innumerable inquiries which have come to us during our experience as educators, we have been forced to the conclusion that the performances of the Irish race in many fields of endeavor are entirely unknown to most people, and that even to the elect they are not nearly so well known as they deserve to be. Hence there came to us the thought of placing on record, in an accessible, comprehensive, and permanent form, an outline of the whole range of Irish achievement dur- ing the last two thousand years.
    [Show full text]
  • Dr. Med. Carl Adolph Von Basedow – Berühmter Arzt Und Spross Einer Angesehenen Familie* Dr
    244 Von den Wurzeln unseres Fachs Dr. med. Carl Adolph von Basedow – berühmter Arzt und Spross einer angesehenen Familie* Dr. med. Carl Adolph von Basedow – Physician of Renown and Son of a Respectable Family Autor H.-D. Göring Institut Tumorzentrum Anhalt am Städtischen Klinikum Dessau e.V. Bibliografie Zusammenfassung disease“ verwendet, aber auch Autorennamen DOI http://dx.doi.org/ ! wie Parry und Flajani finden Berücksichtigung. 10.1055/s-0034-1365751 Carl Adolph von Basedow nimmt durch die Be- Basedows Erkenntnisse waren ein Meilenstein in Akt Dermatol 2014; 40: 244–250 schreibung der sogenannten Merseburger Trias der Erforschung von Schilddrüsenerkrankungen © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York (Exophthalmus, Struma, Tachykardie) bei Hyper- und regten andere Ärzte zur Fortsetzung von ISSN 0340-2541 thyreose einen dauerhaften Platz in der Medizin- Untersuchungen auf diesem Gebiet an. Auch geschichte ein. Im Ergebnis eines jahrelangen Basedows andere, etwa 60 Veröffentlichungen Korrespondenzadresse Prioritätsstreites um die Erstbeschreibung dieser über gonorrhoische Gelenkentzündungen, An- Prof. Dr. med. habil. charakteristischen Befundkonstellation hat sich thrax, Thrombophlebitis, Arsenvergiftungen so- Hans-Dieter Göring Tumorzentrum Anhalt zumindest im deutschsprachigen Raum der syno- wie chirurgische und gynäkologische Problem am Städt. Klinikum Dessau e. V. nyme Gebrauch von Morbus Basedow für das reflektieren das Tätigkeitsfeld und wissenschaftli- Auenweg 38 auch dermatologisch relevante Krankheitsbild che Interesse des aus einer angesehenen Dessauer 06847 Dessau der Schilddrüsenüberfunktion bei Ärzten und Familie stammenden praktischen Arztes, der auf [email protected] Laien eingebürgert. Im anglo-amerikanischen sich allein gestellt und ohne wesentliche Hilfsmit- Schrifttum wird vorwiegend der Begriff „Graves’ tel Hervorragendes und Bleibendes geleistet hat. Einleitung teln. Damit blieb auch das Ziel, durch das Philan- ! thropinum ständische Grenzen zu überwinden, Carl Adolph von Basedow (●" Abb.1) entstammt insgesamt Illusion.
    [Show full text]
  • National Academy of Sciences Annual Meeting
    National Academy of Sciences Annual Meeting The 107th Annual Meeting of the National Academy of Sciences was held on April 27-29, 1970, in Washington, D.C. Academy Awards were presented at a ceremony held in the Great Hall on Monday evening. The presentation was followed by an informal reception for members and their guests in honor of the award recipients. At the Academy Dinner on Tuesday night, Barnaby C. Keeney, Chairman of the National Endowment for the Humanities, was the guest speaker. Scientific sessions were comprised of symposia, sessions of in- vited papers, and contributed papers. Abstracts of contributed papers and groups of invited papers appear in this issue. PRESENTATION OF ACADEMY AWARDS George P. Merrill Award KLAUS KEIL, University of New Mexico National Academy of Sciences Award in Microbiology EARL REECE STADTMAN, National Heart and Lung Institute U.S. Steel Foundation Award in Molecular Biology ARMIN DALE KAISER, Stanford University Jessie Stevenson Kovalenko Medal THOMAS FRANCIS, JR. (Posthumous presentation), University of Michigan Mary Clark Thompson Medal RAYMOND CECIL MOORE, University of Kansas J. Lawrence Smith Medal EDWARD PORTER HENDERSON, Smithsonian Institution Downloaded by guest on September 30, 2021 222 N. A. S. ANNUAL MEETING 1970 PROC. N. A. S. Monday Morning: SYMPOSIUM ON THE CRISIS IN FEDERAL FUNDING OF SCIENCE CURRENT PROBLEMS Moderator: HARVEY BROOKS Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts WILLIAM G. ANLYAN, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina HERBERT E. CARTER, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois CARL M. YORK, Office of Science and Technology, Washington, D. C. VICTOR F. WEISSKOPF, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts YARON EzRAHI, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts FUTURE COURSES Moderator: EMANUEL R.
    [Show full text]
  • The Biological Bulletin
    THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN PUBLISHED BY THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY Editorial Board E. G. CONKLIN, Princeton University CARL R. MOORE, University of Chicago E. N. HARVEY, Princeton University GEORGE T. MOORE, Missouri Botanical Garden SELIG HECHT, Columbia University T jj MORGAN, California Institute of Technology LEIGH HOADLEY, Harvard University Q H pARKER Harvard University L. IRVING, Swarthmore College A ' C ' REDFffiLD, Harvard University M. H. JACOBS, University of Pennsylvania Columbia H. S. JENNINGS, Johns Hopkins University F. SCHRADER, University FRANK R. LILLIE, University of Chicago DOUGLAS WHITAKER, Stanford University H. B. STEINBACH, Washington University Managing Editor VOLUME 89 AUGUST TO DECEMBER, 1945 Printed and Issued by LANCASTER PRESS, Inc. PRINCE & LEMON STS. LANCASTER, PA. 11 THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN is issued six times a year at the Lancaster Press, Inc., Prince and Lemon Streets, Lancaster, Penn- sylvania. Subscriptions and similar matter should be addressed to The Biological Bulletin, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts. Agent for Great Britain: Wheldon and Wesley, Limited, 2, 3 and 4 Arthur Street, New Oxford Street, London, W. C. 2. Single numbers, $1.75. Subscription per volume (three issues), $4.50. Communications relative to manuscripts should be sent to the Managing Editor, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, between July 1 and October 1, and to the Depart- ment of Zoology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, during the remainder of the year. Entered as second-class matter May 17, 1930, at the post office at Lancaster, Pa., under the Act of August 24, 1912. LANCASTER PRESS, INC., LANCASTER, PA. CONTENTS No. 1. AUGUST, 1945 PAGE ANNUAL REPORT OF THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY 1 WHITING, ANNA Dominant lethality and correlated chromosome effects in Habrobracon eggs x-rayed in diplotene and in late metaphase I 61 HARVEY, ETHEL BROWNE Stratification and breaking of the Arbacia punctulata egg when cen- trifuged in single salt solutions 72 PACE, D.
    [Show full text]
  • Albert Francis Birch 3 by Thomas J
    http://www.nap.edu/catalog/6201.html We ship printed books within 1 business day; personal PDFs are available immediately. Biographical Memoirs V.74 Office of the Home Secretary, National Academy of Sciences ISBN: 0-309-59186-4, 398 pages, 6 x 9, (1998) This PDF is available from the National Academies Press at: http://www.nap.edu/catalog/6201.html Visit the National Academies Press online, the authoritative source for all books from the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, the Institute of Medicine, and the National Research Council: • Download hundreds of free books in PDF • Read thousands of books online for free • Explore our innovative research tools – try the “Research Dashboard” now! • Sign up to be notified when new books are published • Purchase printed books and selected PDF files Thank you for downloading this PDF. If you have comments, questions or just want more information about the books published by the National Academies Press, you may contact our customer service department toll- free at 888-624-8373, visit us online, or send an email to [email protected]. This book plus thousands more are available at http://www.nap.edu. Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Unless otherwise indicated, all materials in this PDF File are copyrighted by the National Academy of Sciences. Distribution, posting, or copying is strictly prohibited without written permission of the National Academies Press. Request reprint permission for this book. i ined, a he original t be ret Biographical Memoirs ion. om r f ibut r t cannot not r at o f book, however, version ng, i t at ive NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES at rm riginal paper it o f c hor i f he o t om r he aut f ng-speci http://www.nap.edu/catalog/6201.html Biographical MemoirsV.74 as t ed i t ion peset y iles creat L f her t M is publicat h X t of om and ot r f yles, version posed Copyright © National Academy ofSciences.
    [Show full text]