INDEX

Note: page references in bold type are to images or captions; those in italics are to note pages.

Abdula, Auntie Alice, 177, 194, 196 Briggs, Maxine, 105 Conwillan (Kandwillan), Samuel, Abdula, Bill, 177 Bringing them home report, 26 161, 162, 163 Abdula, Ian, 198 Broughton, Frank, 83 Copia, Jacques Louis Aboriginal and Torres Strait Brown, Daisy, 190 Homme du Cap de Diemen; Islander Commission, 226 Brown, Ellen Edith (née Sumner), Enfant du Cap de Diemen Aird, Michael, 7, 9, 10, 11, 133 183–4, 187 (engraving), 31 Aiston, George, 17 Brown, Patrick Joseph Robinson, Cotton, John, 103–4, 105 Allen, James, 37, 50 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, Cotton, William, 105, 107 Allen, Maria, 37, 50 202, 203 Cowan, Alice, 63 Andrew, Brook, 12 Brown, William Charles, 183, 185, descendants of, 63, 64 Archer family, 144, 145 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 202, Cowan, Elizabeth, 63 Aritcheuka, Dolly, 248, 249 203 Cowan, Herbert, 61, 63 Australian Institute of Aboriginal Browne, Thomas, 36, 48 Cowan, John Thomas and Torres Strait Islander Walter George Arthur, Maryann descendants of, 63 Studies, 7 and David Bruny (daguerr.; Cowan, Jonathon, 63 attr.), 23, 25, 26, 27, 28–9, 31, Cowan, Mary Ann (Williams) Baily, Henry, 36 32; coloured version, 29, 32 (‘Mary Ann of Ulmarra’), 60, 61, Bamblett, Lawrence, 10 Bunce, Daniel, 110 62, 63, 74 Batman, John, 103 Burnell, George, 169 Croft, Brenda L, 6, 237 Baymarrwangga, Laurie, 16, 232, Aboriginal canoe building, 169 Crossland, John, 162 254, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268–9 Stereoscopic views of the River Portrait of Samuel Kandwillan Beattie, JW, 42, 43, 44–5 Murray, 169–70 …, 163 Becker, Ludwig, 41, 111 Bussini, Chiara Cullen, Janet, 61 Beembarmin (Tommy Farmer), Laurie Baymarrwangga talking Cullen, Sam, 61, 63 112, 113 to Bentley James, 265 Cumpston, Zena, 70, 72 Benbow, Annie, 43 Butler, Rex, 12, 18 Cunningham, Peter, 3 Berndt, Catherine, 182, 221 Berndt, Ronald, 182, 221 Calder, JE Daintree, Richard, 138, 148–9, 151 Bevan, Agrippa, 142 The native tribes of Men and boys …, 151, 153 Bevan, Thomas, 138, 142–3, 144 , 44 Studio portrait of girl holding Kirwallie Sandy and others in Camfield, Anne, 116 fishing rod, 151, 152 fight scene, 143 Camfield, Henry, 116 Daintree, Richard, and Antoine Women photographed in Carter, Paul, 240 Fauchery Brisbane, 143 Chauncy, Philip, 116–18 Aboriginal camp, 112 ‘Big Billy’ (Naindulka), 259 Chevalier, Nicholas, 110 Beebarmin … and his wife Norah Billiamook (Larrakia man), Cleary, Thomas, 66, 68 …, 112 238, 239 Clifford, Samuel, 36, 45 Sun pictures of Bishop, Mervyn, 6 Clifton, William, 213, 214–15 series, 113 Bock, Alfred, 45 An Aboriginal family, 213 Dallwitz, John, 8 Bock, Thomas 25–6, 46 A seated priest, two small Dalton, Edwin, 57, 73 Bonney, Frederic, 69–70, 72 children …, 214 Damery, Sally Jacob and Mary sitting in a Studio shot of two girls …, 214 Walter George Arthur …, 23 winter camp, with daughter Cole, EW, 169 Dandridge, John, 38–9 Doughboy, 71 colonial period in Australia Dandrige, Matilda, 38–9 Bonwick, James, 43 colonial encounter and Darwin, Charles The daily life and origins of the conflict, 2, 4 The origin of species …, 3, Tasmanians, 45 and excision of Aboriginal 57, 118 The last of the Tasmanians, 45 people from national story, 12 see also evolutionary theory Bostock, George, 61, 64, 65 Indigenous dispossession and David, Jacques Louis Bostock-Smith, Shauna, 60–1, 63, loss, 9 The intervention of the Sabine 64, 65 racial theories, 3 women, 49 Bowdler, Sandra, 22 see also the various colonies/ Davidson, Mrs Letitia, 44–5 Brady, Vincent (Qawanji Ngurku states Two women (attrib.), 46 Jawiyabba), 7 Colotoney (Indigenous man), 160 Davis, Henry, 167

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Davis, Uncle Ron, 197 Iwaidja people in camp, 237 Hemings, Sally de Costa, Ravi, 265 Trepang Fishery Station, 235 and Thomas Jefferson, 180 Denison, Lady Caroline, 27, 28 Forster, Edward Hetzer, William, 73, 217 Denison, William, 26, 27, 32 Woman with possum skin cloak, Hill, Fitz W, 69 Dietrich, Amelie, 146, 147 141, 142 Hobson, Edward, 120 Diggles, Sylvester, 134 Foster, Wilton, 8 Hobson, Tommy, 119–20, 121, Doolan ( man), 14 Franklin, Lady Jane, 46 122, 123, 126 Dowling, Henry Junior, 25 Franklin, Sir John, 46 Hodson, S, 211 Dowling, Robert, 25, 26 Frazer, James hooks, bell, 85 Duwun, Minnie, 238, 239 The golden bough, 246 Hughes, Karen, 176, 202 Duryea, Sanford, 216 Freeman, James, 138–9 Hunter, Ruby, 194, 195 Duryea, Townsend, 167, 170, 216 Friday, Kate, 66 Huxley, Thomas, 118, 251 James and Mary Jane Friday, John, 66 Hyllested, Peter, 138 Wanganeen, 166 Frith, Henry, 36, 45 Katie, Lilly and Clara Williams, Duterrau, Benjamin, 46, 49 135 The conciliation, 24, 25, 26, 27; Gadayurr (Aboriginal woman), as etching, 27 232, 267 Indigenous activism and protest The national picture, 27 Gale, Frank, 57 and the bicentenary, 7 Dwyer, JJ, 217 Gazard, J in colonial period, 28, 30, 31, 32 Aboriginal man, Kalgoorlie, 220 Aborigines from Central Day of Mourning and Protest, 5 An Aboriginal man of the Australia, 244 and 1967 referendum, 5, 215 Gibson, Jason, 250 land rights movement, 5, 6, 126; Kalgoorlie region, 219 Giglioli, Enrico, 116, 119–20 Mabo case, 194 The belle of Kanowna, 218 Group portrait …, 123 use of photography to promote W.A. Aboriginal, 206, 218 Portrait of Maggie, 125 reform, 5; After 200 years Tommy Hobson …, 122 project, 7 Edwards, E, 225 Voyage around the globe, 126 Indigenous groups/clans Ellen ( girl), 112, 113 Gillen, Francis, 1, 11, 217, 246, Anangu (Pitjantjatjara and Elliot, Gilbert, 140 247–50, 252, 253 Yankunytjatjara), 8, 245 Elliott, Frederick, 242 Ginzburg, Carlo, 69 Arrernte (NT), 1, 11, 247, Evans, Samuel, 216 Glover, John, 41, 46 249–50 Everett, James, 50 Goode, Bernard, 167, 168 Arrindinya (NT), 243 evolutionary theory Goodman, George, 105 Bandjalung (NSW), 58, 60 and images of Indigenous Goyder, George, 239, 250 Barngarla (Pangkala) (SA), 159, , 57–8, 119, Green, John, 116, 118 167, 194 246–7, 251 and family, 122 (Tas.), 32 and narratives of , Green, Neville, 207, 208 Boonwurrung (Vic.), 110 13–14, 58, 119, 217 Grosse, Frederick Bunurong (Vic.), 119 and racial difference, 161, 170, Portraits of an Aboriginal Dharawal (NSW), 56 236, 247, 261 woman … and Simon … Dhudhuroa-Waywurru rationalisation for ill effects of (engraving), 110 (Vic.), 119 invasion, 3, 58 Gularrbanga (Aboriginal woman), Dja Dja Wurrung/Djadjawrung social evolution, 3, 4, 118–19, 232, 267 (Vic.), 111, 113; Yung Balug 167, 170, 236, 252 Gunlarnman, Jackey, 158, 159, 160 clan, 126 exhibitions Gunlarnman, Jemima, 159, 160 (NSW), 55; , 55 in Australia, 45, 118, 236, 237, Gunn, Ronald, 29, 30, 49 Gumbaynggirr (NSW), 58, 60 239, 251 Gwynne, SC, 93, 94 Gurindji (NT), 6, 237 international, 36, 43, 118, 149; Iwaidja (NT), 236, 237 and photographs (and Hale, Arch. Matthew, 161, 162, Kauna (SA), 158 artefacts) of Indigenous 163, 164 Kokatha (SA), 159 Australians, 57, 60, 74, 118, The Aborigines of Australia, Kulin confederacy (Vic.), 3, 113 149, 168, 327 172–3 Kurnai (Vic.), 16 Eyre, Edward John, 157 Hall, Robert, 167, 216 Larrakia (NT), 236, 237, 239 Hall, Stuart, 84 (SA), 165 Fauchery, Antoine, 108, 113 Ham, Thomas, 138, 140 Nauo (SA), 159, 167 Fels, Marie, 120 Hamilton, William (Billy), 104 Neenbullock (Vic.), 104 Flick, Joe, 69 Hammond, Octavius, 160, 164 Ngaiwong (SA), 157 Foelsche, Paul, 234, 235, 236–7, Haselden, Hubert, 110, 111 Ngarrindjeri (SA), 168–70, 239, 251 Hawkes, Rev, 164 175–203

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Noongar (WA), 15, 116, 207–8, Indigenous photography Jemmy (Koori man), 110 210, 223 movement, 6 Jevons, William, 4, 55–6 Nuenone (Tas.), 26 making Aboriginal people visible, Group of three Aboriginal people (Barkindji) (NSW), 5–6, 68 at Jembaicumbene, 56 69–70 and protests, 7 Johnson, Dalrymple (nee Briggs), Pinjarup (WA), 210 see also photography from an 50 Pitjantjatjara/Ngaanyatjarra Aboriginal perspective Jones, Philip, 169, 239, 240, 247 (NT), 242 institutions, cultural Judy (Pollerrelberner), 37, 50 Taungurong (Vic.), 103, 105, and access/return to Indigenous 111, 113 people of holdings, 225–7; Ara Karpany, George, 181 Tjurabalan (WA), 245 Irititja Project, 8–9, 227, 245; Karpany (née Kontinyeri), Queen Wailwan (NSW), 69 Globalisation, Photography Louisa, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, Warruwi (WA), 226 and Race project, 227; 183, 185, 204 Wiradjuri (NSW), 10, 14, 76–99 Storylines project, 221, 227 Karpany, Manuel (Old Dardle), Woolna (NT), 236 museum (Univ. 184, 201 Wotjoballuk (Vic.), 113, 113 of Q.), 143 Kartinyeri, Aunty Dorrie, 182 Wurundjeri (Vic.), 110, 111, Australian Museum (Sydney), 60 Kerr, James Hunter, 111 113, 118 Battye Library of Western … Aboriginal man standing, with Yaegl (NSW), 61 Australia, 221 rifle …, 117 Yamatji (WA), 11 Berndt Museum of Anthropology Glimpses of life in Victoria …, 111 Yolŋu (Batjimurrunggu, (UWA), 221–2, 226–7 Prince Jamie and his friend, , 141–2, 144 111, 114 Gurryindi, Nhangu, Yan- collections of remains of Young stockman, 115 nhangu) (NT), 1, 254–69, Aboriginal people in, 36 Kerry, Charles, 68, 69, 75 270–1 Grafton Regional Gallery, 60, Kerswell, Aunty Joyce, 198, (NSW), 55; Walbunja 61, 63 199, 200 dialect, 55, 56 John Oxley Library, 141 Kilborn, J, 67–8 (NSW), 69 Museum Godeffroy, 146 Kilburn, Douglas, 3, 24, 105, Indigenous people and culture, 32, National Gallery of Australia, 107, 110 246, 248, 268 107, 140 … (Group of Koorie men), 108 artists, 6, 12–13, 66, 198, 237, National Gallery of Victoria, 107 South-east Australian Aboriginal 239, 251; and old photographs, and objects of Aboriginal man …, 102, 106 12, 238, 239 heritage, 7–8, 36, 237, 242, King, Henry, 68, 75 connection to country, 4, 56, 60, 247; photographs, 47, 58, 59, Kleinert, Sylvia, 239 64, 69, 97, 103, 126, 134, 154, 60, 75, 107, 139, 140, 141–4, Knight, William, 138, 140, 142 175, 215, 240, 261 146, 149, 160, 163, 164, 165, Group in … studio, 141 cultural heritage, 247, 261; and 221–4, 225 Koolmatrie, Isabel, 195 restitution, 1, 7–9, 11, 13 Pitt Rivers Museum, 12, 145, Koolmatrie, Ruby, 194 intellectual property, 9 146, 165, 227, 246 loss, 268 Powerhouse Museum Lampard, Aunty Thora, 178, and mobility, 4, 113, 116, (Sydney), 75 196, 197 120, 169 Queensland Museum, 133, 149 Langton, Marcia, 2, 9, 236 oral tradition, 225, 228 Royal Geographic Society, La Trobe, Charles, 103 , 193, 225, 240, 242 Lear, J, 88 226; apology, 194 South Australian Museum, Lee, Gary Mura, 239 traditional practices, 8, 249 237, 243 Billiamook and Shannon, 238 see also Northern Territory; State Library of Queensland, 140, Mei Kim and Minnie, 238 photography from an 142, 144 Nice coloured boys series, 251 Aboriginal perspective State Library of Victoria, 144 Nymgololo series, 251 Indigenous photographers State Library of Western Lee, Shannon, 238, 239 availability of cameras, 5, 9, Australia, 226, 227 legislation 76, 79 University of Bristol Library, Aboriginal Land Act 1976 documenting life and 163, 164, 165 (Cth), 266 developments in Aboriginal Western Australian Museum, Aboriginal Land Rights communities, 6, 7, 177, 223–4 (Northern Territory) Act 1976 194–8, 202 (Cth), 5, 266 exhibitions: Australian graffiti, Jagga Jagga (Koori chief), 110 Aboriginal Lands Trust Act 1966 12; National Aborigines Day James, Bentley, 264, 265 (SA), 170, 203 show (1986), 6 Jeanneret, Henry, 31 Aborigines Act 1905 (WA), 210 275

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Aborigines Act 1911 (SA), 170, Journey to Aboriginal Victoria, Mitchell, Jessie, 107 188 23 Moffatt, Tracey, 6 Aborigines Protection Act 1886 Matthews, Daniel, 119 Monaghan, Esmay, 63, 64, 65 (Vic.), 119 Maulboyheener (Robert), 32 Mortlock, William Ranson, 159, 160 Aborigines (Training of Children Maurice, Richard, 242–3, 244 Mortlock, William Tennant, 159 Act 1923 (SA), 186 Sturt Creek – catching and Morton, Christopher, 13 Native Administration Act 1936 branding calves, 245 Moseley, Henry, 58 (WA), 211 Sturt Creek – cattle breeding, Mulvaney, John, 252 Native (Citizens Rights) Act 1944 245 Munjena (Arrindinya man), 243, (WA), 211 View in Musgrave Ranges, 242, 244, 245 South Australia Act 1834 243 Munro, Keith, 7 (UK), 158 ‘Wild Dog’ Police station, 242, Murray, Doolan, 83, 85, 86, 87–8, Lerimburneen (King Billy Logan), 243 89, 90, 96, 98 128 Maynard, Ricky, 7 Murray, Ethel, 85 Le Souef, William, 104 media Murray, Gary, 126, 128 Lindsay, Aunty Rita, 192, 194, representations of Indigenous Murray, Harry, 83, 90, 91, 92–6, 196, 198 people in, 5, 14 97, 98 Lindt, John William, 58, 72 television: ABC: Australian story, Murray, Jane, 54, 80, 81–4, 87, Australian Aboriginals series, 61, 63 90, 97 58–60, 61, 62, 63, 73 see also newspapers Murray, June, 77, 78, 81, 82, 83, Livingstone, David, 240 Mei Kim (Larrakia woman), 238, 85, 86, 87, 89, 93–4, 96, 97, 239 98, 99 Long, C, 48 Metcalfe, Daniel, 144 Murray, Margaret, 76, 77, 78, 79, Long-Alleyne, Margaret, 187 Michaels, Eric, 7 81, 82, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88–9, 93, Lorde, Audre, 94, 96 Milerum (Ngarrindjeri elder), 180 96, 97 Lucas, Augustin, 3 Milligan, Joseph, 29, 37, 38, 46, 49 Murray family, 82, 83, 85, 86, Lucashenko, Melissa, 92 Mira, John, 37 95, 97 Lyon, RM, 207–8 missionaries and Indigenous people, Myetye, Bessy, 37 8, 116, 119, 165, 169; respect, Macarthur, Elizabeth, 56, 73 160, 161–4, 166, 214 Nakata, Martin, 9 Macarthur, John, 56, 73 missions/reserves, 5 Nanultera (Indigenous man), 162 McCrae, Tommy (Yakaduna), 66, mission life, 92, 96; conditions, native tribes of Central Australia, 67, 68, 74–5 212–13 The (Spencer and Gillen), 246, drawings of Aboriginal people, 66 NSW: Brungle, 83; Erambie, 10, 250 Macdonald, Gaynor, 10, 78, 79, 87 14, 80, 82, 83, 86, 88, 90, 92, Neville, AO, 222–3 McIntosh, Ian, 265 93, 94–8, 100; Maloga, 119 New Guinea, 261 Mack, Margaret (Pinkie), 180, 181, NT: Goulburn Island, 258, 260, 182, 204 262; Milingingbi, 16, 265, 270 Aborigines Welfare Board, 82, McKenzie, Peter, 7 as places of contact and 95, 96 Maggie (Koori woman), 119, 120, exchange, 4, 116, 119, 170–1 colonisation, 69–70; invasion 122, 123, 124, 125 SA, 170; Point McLeay, 167, and dispossession of (Aboriginal 168, 169–70; Point Pearce, Indigenous peoples, 55, 93; Tasmanian), 37 167; Poonindie, 4, 160, 161–7, conflict, 56 Marquis, Daniel, 138, 144, 151 172–73 goldfields, 55–6; Indigenous … frontal portrait of two young Vic: , 4, 104, 113, people in, 56 women, 145 116, 118, 119; Ebenezer, 104, government policy: assimilation, Group with painted backdrop …, 113, 116, 246; Framlingham, 92–3, 94 145 104, 113; Lake Condah, 104, lives of Indigenous people: Kirwallie Sandy, 132, 148, 149 113; Lake Tyers, 104, 113; colonial period, 57, 68, 99; Man posing with club and shield, Mount Franklin, 104, 113; culture and identity, 55, 69, 72, 147 Ramahyuck, 104, 113, 116; 93, 99 Woman and child, 146 Yelta, 169 and narrative of colonial ‘Mary Ann of Ulmarra’, see Cowan, WA, 210–12; Beagle Bay, 212; progress, 57 Mary Ann Moore River, 212, 222, 223; photography as hobby, 55 Mason, Auntie Annie (later New Norcia, 15, 214 race in public discourse, 81, 82, Koolmatrie), 199, 200, 204 see also Tasmania 84, 86, 90, 94, 95, 99 Mason, GE, 180, 181, 182, 201 Mitchell, Ernest, 223–4 Sydney, 55 Mason, Pat, 63, 64, 65 Aboriginal men in traditional New South Wales: photographs of Massola, Aldo dress …, 224 Indigenous people, 4 276

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Bandjalung people, 58 after Tasmania, 44 Orchard, Ken, 170 Clarence River series, 14, 58–60, Tippo …, 41 Oxenham, Donna, 11 61, 62, 68, 74; importance for Nora (Koori woman), 112, 113 Indigenous community Northern Territory Parker, Chief Quanah, 92, 93 today, 60, 61–4, 69, 70–2, 76 Central Australia, 240, 242, 247 Pepper, Nathaniel, 116, 172 and negative representations of, Crocodile Islands, 256, 264–6 Peter (Napparinnya Kallatinya), 14, 66, 68, 81, 84, 85, 90 (Port) Darwin, 236, 237, 239, 243, 244, 245 Dharawal people, 56, 57 250 Peterson, Nicolas, 144 encounters between Indigenous European settler–Aboriginal photography of Aboriginal people in subjects and photographers, relations, 236, 239, 269; Australia: colonial 56, 57, 58, 66, 69, 70, 84, employment, 245, 248–9; and Aboriginal people as subjects, 85, 86 Indigenous rights, 261, 265–6, 1, 2, 13, 118; popular/ Gumbaynggirr, 58 267; and justice system, 259, commercial appeal of, 3, 58, 59, Paakantyi (Barkindji), 69–70 260; violence, 236–7, 253, 255, 69, 105, 167; in studios, 3, 4, as staged narratives, 58, 59, 66, 263, 266 11, 59, 72, 105, 134, 151 72, 74 exploration and European and agency of Aboriginal people, and traditional lifestyle, 55, 58–9 settlement, 234, 235, 236, 240, 1, 2, 118, 203, 239 Walbunja people, 57 241, 242–3, 245; and attempts to record ‘primitive’ Wiradjuri (at Erambie): Aboriginal assistance, 240, 245 Aboriginal subjects, 3, 4, 5, 59, photographs, family, (racial and government policies, 126; and recording identity, 79, 80–1, 82, 83, 84, 265–6, 268, 271; ‘emergency’ ‘disappearing’ race, 58, 59, 60, intervention, 269 68, 157, 167, 168, 228 86, 88, 96–9; photographs and (Macassan) traders and and European culture in leadership narratives, 80, Indigenous people, 16, 233–6, Australia, 60; narrative of 81, 84, 85, 87, 90–3, 94–9; 264, 265, 268, 271; conflict civilisation, 118 photographs and teaching, 85, with Yolŋu, 255–65, 267–8 interactions of photographers 87, 88; reading photographs mass tourism, 240, 242 and Indigenous people, 2, 16, and oral history tradition, photographers in, 1, 15, 16, 234, 25, 46–7, 66, 69 76–81, 84, 85, 86–90, 99; 235, 237, 239, 242, 250–1, mass reproduction of images, 42, snapshots as social capital, 79, 254–5, 259, 260, 261 45, 58 81, 86 and theories of race, 236, 246–7, see also institutions; science newspapers 261, 263, 268 photography from an Aboriginal Advertiser (Adelaide), 200 Yolŋu (Yan-nhangu) culture, perspective, 6 Argus, 113 264, 265–8, 270–1; and loss, as evidence of events, 1 Clarence and Richmond 268, 269 collaboration with subjects and Examiner, 60 Northern Territory: early communities, 7, 8, 9, 10 Cowra Free Press, 81, 82, 83, 94 photography in cultural meaning of, 9–10, 11, Illustrated Post, 110 anthropology and visual and 12, 13, 14, 15, 69, 87, 225–6, Lachlan Leader, 83 data, 246–7, 249–50 228; Indigenous identity, 13, Launceston Examiner, 28 of Aboriginal people, 241, 72; and memory, 12, 116 Northern Territory Times and 243; in Central Australia, importance of visual archive, 6, 9, Gazette, 254, 259 246–7, 248, 249; Iwaidja, 224–9 Perth Gazette, 207–8 237, 239; Larrakia, 237, photographs and family and Register (Adelaide), 162, 238, 239; Melville Islanders, cultural heritage, 1, 2, 7–9, 179–80, 263 255; in pastoral industry, 60–4, 99, 166–7; access/ and representations of 245; as prisoners, 245; return, 8–9, 225–7; Indigenous people, 58–9, traditional life, 242 exhibitions, 10–11 94, 168 photographers and Indigenous see also Indigenous South Australian Register, 168 people, 240–1, 242, 247; photographers; New South Sydney Morning Herald, 59 agency of Aboriginal subjects, Wales; Northern Territory; Town and Country Journal, 68 239, 242, 249, 250, 255, 259, South Australia Newton, Gael, 216 260 photography after federation Nicholls, Pastor Douglas, 126, 128 significance to descendants and Aboriginal agency, 11, 13, Nixon, Bishop Francis, 20, 37–8, today, 237, 239–40, 245, 247 92–3, 94, 96, 243 39, 41, 42, 43, 45, 46, 51 Trepang Fishery Station, 235 representations of Aboriginal The cruise of the Beacon (book), and the Yolŋu people using subjects, 9, 11; as part of 20, 42 photography, 16, 254, 259, nature, 12–13 Mary Ann and Walter George 260, 261, 263 photography: history (in Australia), Arthur, 30 Noye, RJ, 216 16

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arrival in Australia, 2–3, 14 Lucy, 135 expeditions in Australia, 217 cartes de visite and portraiture, Maria, 135 and interest in photographs 4, 15, 142, 167, 217 Mickey, 135 visual data of Aboriginal and exploration, 240, 242, Nancy, 135 subjects, 57, 60, 118, 119, 126, 243, 252 Nikki, 135 146, 243, 246–7, 252 invention, 2 Nudla, 135 and photographic collections and mobility, 4, 234 Sandy, Alexander, 136, 137 of , 4, technology, 247; ambrotypes, 57, Sandy, Kirwallie, 132, 139, 140, 69, 250 159, 160, 163; daguerreotypes, 148, 149 see also evolutionary theory; 2–3, 24, 25, 26, 102, Tundarum, 135 institutions 108, 110, 160, 216; digital Weerum, 135 Searcy, Alfred, 233–4, 235 technologies, 8; enlargement, Williams, Katie, Lilly and Clara, Short, Bishop Augustus, 161–2, 149; mass reproduction, 42; 135 163, 165, 167, 172–3 wet-plate collodion process, 4, Shreeve, Noah, 167–8 113, 139 Rankine, Aunty Daisy (née Brown), A short history of South Plomley, NJB, 26, 31 181, 182, 188 Australia, 168 Poignant, Ros, 265 Rankine, Deborah, 182–3 Simpkinson De Wesselow, Francis, Poole, Rev F Slaney, 166 Read, Peter, 83 41, 45 Preston, Margaret, 12 Reibey, Arch. Thomas, 43–4 Smith, Christina, 165 Princep, Henry, 22 Reichenbach, Edward (Ryko), 1, 15, Smith, Tim, 23 Prout, John Skinner, 26, 28, 33, 45, 254, 255–9 Solomon (Arrernte man), 249 46, 47–8, 107 A church service at Goulburn Solomon, Emanuel, 167 Family group, Australia Felix, Island Mission Station, 262 Solomon, Polly, 248, 249 106 Cyclist/Ted Ryko, 255 South Australia King Tippoo from Town series of photographs in Aboriginal Protection Board, V.D.L., 40, 41 collaboration, 16; Massacre 192, 193 Mary Ann, Kings Island, 29 series number 3 (re-enactment), Aborigines’ Friends Association, 259, 260, 261, 263 169 Queensland Richards, Auntie Charlotte, Adelaide, 158; established Brisbane: early photographers, 194, 197 photographers, 167; St Peters 134, 136, 138, 140, 142, as photographer, 194, 195, 196, College, 162, 173 144, 151 197, 198, 199, 202 Anglican Church in, 160, 161, as frontier, 14 Richards, Irene, 195, 196 163, 166 lives of Aboriginal people, 134; Richards, Nulla (Uncle Walter), Camp Coorong, 192, 203; changes in culture, 151; and 194, 195–6 museum and education centre, European commodities, 136 Rigney, Thelma, 170–1 175, 176, 178, 179, 182, 203 promotional exhibitions, 149, Riley, Michael, 6 established as colony, 158; and 150 Roberts, Alfred, 60 Aboriginal rights, 158 settlers and Aboriginal people, Robinson, George A, 24, 25, 26, 28, government policy, 170, 198; 136 37, 40, 46, 50 assimilation, 181, 188, 198; Queensland: early studio Roheim, Géza, 250 defining Aboriginality, 188; photographs in Brisbane of Rolepa (King George), 49–50 exclusions, 190, 191; removal Aboriginal people, 4, 10–11, Rollinson, Robert, 190 of children, 185, 186–7, 188, 139–40, 141, 142–7, 151, Roth, Henry 189, 190, 192–3 153–4 The Aborigines of Tasmania impact of colonisation on and Aboriginal agency, 133, (album), 45 Aboriginal people, 165, 136–7 Roth, Walter 170, 176, 180–1, 187, exhibitions: Portraits of our Royal Commission of, 210 188, 190; abductions, 160; elders, 10, 133 accommodation, 157, 158; leading a traditional way of life, Sally Sally (Koori woman), 110 collaboration,180, 182, 191; 14–15 Salvado, Bishop Rosendo, 214 conflict, 157, 158, 159–60, importance for communities Schrauder, Hermann, 171 167, 175; cross-cultural today, 133, 134, 153–4 science relationships, 180, 181, 182, relations between photographers anthropology, 180, 182, 221, 188, 200 and Aboriginal subjects, 136, 224, 246, 250, 268; and Ngarrindjeri nation, 168–70, 138, 143; profit motive, 136 fieldwork, 246, 247–8; 175–6, 194; country of, 175, Queensland Aboriginal people in modern, 264, 265 181, 192; culture, 175, 178, photographs (identified) collection of Tasmanian 180, 182, 183, 195, 196; Buckner, 135 Aboriginal remains, 36 female leadership, 180, 182,

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185, 202, 204; lives of, 168–9, anonymity, 46; renamed, 40, Bruney, Mary Ann, 23, 24, 26, 170, 176, 190–2, 195, 198, 50; and white authority, 28, 30, 28, 31 204, (annoyances), 192 31, 32 Calamarowenye (Tippo), 20, 39, Point McLeay (Raukkan) arrival of British, 22 40, 41, 42, 43 Mission, 169, 170–1, 190 Aboriginal Coonia (Patty), 20, 43 Poonindie Mission, 160; community, 36, 37, 42, 43, Drayduric (Sophia), 20 narrative of transformation, 44, 51 Drunameliyer (Caroline), 20, 162–3, 167, 172–73; respect colonising culture in, 27, 28; 42, 43 for residents, 161–2, 164, 166; , 42; colonial injustice, Lanne, William, 39, 43, 44, 45 outcome for residents, 167 32; conflict and violence, 22, Lennimenna (Jack Allen), 36 Port Lincoln district, 159–60 32, 41, 49 Meethecaratheeanna (Emma), Report of the South Australian fine arts in, 39; representations of 20, 37, 42, 44, 50 Chief Protector of Aborigines Aboriginal people, 24, 25, 26, Pangernowidedic (Bessy Clark), (1910), 185 27, 28, 29, 33, 40, 41, 45 39, 43, 44, 45, 46, 50 South Australia: photographs of government policy on Aboriginal Plowneme (Flora), 20, 39, 42, 43 Indigenous people Tasmanians, 51; forced Trucanini (Lalla Rookh), 20, 24, Aboriginal photographers, 171, residency, 33, 44; exile of, 36, 39, 43, 44, 45 176, 177, 194–8, 202 24, 25, 26, 30, 33, (ended), Wapperty, 20, 35, 37, 43, 44, importance to descendants and 26–7; refusal of recognition as 46, 50 communities, 157, 166–7, 168, legitimate Aborigines, 37, Taylor, James, 242 171, 188; change and memory, 42, 44 Two Aboriginal men, standing …, 201 Hobart, 25; entertainment in, 241 mapping Indigenous–settler 27, 28 Taylor, Penny, 7 relations, 158–9, 160 Oyster Cove Aboriginal station, Tenberry (Ngaiwong man), 157, Ngarrindjeri photograph 14, 21–2, 26, 30, 32, 33, 35, 158, 171 collections: connecting 38–9, 41, 43, 44, 45; Tennant, Andrew, 160 generations, 175–8, 181, conditions, 37; deaths, 38, They stole our land and took our 182, 185, 188, 199, 202, 204; 42, 44; and isolation, 36–7, children (collaboration), 186, 194 cultural and spiritual 42; residents seen as ‘tamed’, Thompson, Christian, 18 knowledge, 178, 180, 182–3, 39; wish to leave, 37 We bury our own (series), 12, 13 202; healing relationships, Wybalenna (Flinders Inland), 30, Tindale, Norman, 180, 182 202–3; and loss, 192, 193, 32, 33, 37, 39 Tolbonco (Indigenous man), 164 201; photos, stories, history, Tasmania: first photographs of Thomson, Donald F, 268 176, 177, 184–90, 191, 194, Tasmanian Aboriginal people, Sisters Gularrbanga #1, 196, 198, 203 13, 20, 22, 23, 24–8, 33, 34–6, Gadayurr and portraits of, 168–9, 170, 171; 39, 41–3, 44–5 Baymarrwangga #1 …, cartes de visite, 168; popular alternative perspectives, 14, 232, 267 market for, 167, 168 37–8, 42 Toussaint, S, 211 portraits at Poonindie, and Aboriginal community Trevorrow, Bruce, 192, 193, 194 160–1, 165, 166; as today, 13, 21, 37, 45 Trevorrow, Choom (Joe Junior), missionary propaganda, 162, mass reproduction of, 42, 45; 156, 191, 200 163, 164, 165 digital reproduction, 46 Trevorrow, Auntie Ellen, 175, 176, Spencer, W Baldwin, 217, 246–7, misidentification, 46–7 178, 180, 182, 194, 199, 201, 250, 252 photographs as public 202 Stanley, Hazel, 190 representation of Aboriginal Trevorrow, George, 193 Steele, John people, 45 Trevorrow, Hank, 192, 202 Aboriginal pathways, 145 photography as dehumanising Trevorrow, Jim, 200 Stirling, Edward, 182 and tool of science, 36 Trevorrow, Uncle Joe, 156, 191, Strutt, William, 108 as reminder of invasion and loss, 193–4, 200 Stuart, John McDouall, 240 21, 22 Trevorrow, Tanya, 180, 183 reproduced as etchings, 45 Trevorrow, (Uncle) Tom, 156, 176, Taplin, George, 169, 170 Tasmanian Aboriginal people in 178, 182, 190, 191, 192, 193, The folklore … of the South early photographs (named) 195, 196, 198–9, 202 Australian Aborigines, 170 Arthur, Mary Ann, 20, 30, 39, Trevorrow family, 190, 194, 195, The Narrinyeri, 170 43, 44, 45 196, 197, 198, 199 Tasmania/Van Diemen’s Land Arthur, Walter George, 23, 24, (Jack), 32 in, 26, 28, 30, 31–2, 43, 44 24, 37, 44, 47; culture, 32; Bruney, David (Myyungge), 23, United States, 180 dispossession, 32, 44; fall into 24, 25, 26, 28, 31, 34, 36 Native Americans in, 92–4

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Victoria von Guérard, Eugene, 107, 108 government power over, 210, artists’ depictions of Indigenous Series 01: Australien 211, 215; resistance, 210, 215; (Koori) people, 107–8, 109, Reminiszenzen, 109 segregation, 210, 212 110 missions in, 210–12; conditions, Central Board for the Protection Wagner, Conrad, 58, 73 212–13; and cultural genocide, of Aborigines, 113 Walker, Alice, 200 211, 212; as tool of control and colonisation/settlement Walker, Joe (Uncle Poothie), 195 dispossession, 211 narrative, 111; and race, Wallaston, George, 172 settler relations with Aboriginal 111, 119 Walpole, Edward, 43 people, 15; friendly, 207–8; rift European audience for Walter, Charles, 118, 119 in, 208; with women, 209 representations of Indigenous Maggie …, 124 theories of race, 211, 215, 218 people, 107, 111, 118 Tommy Hobson, 121 Western Australia: photographing gold rushes, 107; impact on Tommy Hobson’s residence, 126 , 107 Wandin, Jemima, 118 documenting Indigenous government policies relating to Wanganeen, Elva, 167 people, 207, 217, 223, 224; in Indigenous people: ‘Aboriginal Wanganeen, James, 165, 166 Kalgoorlie, 206, 218, 219, Protectors’, 103, 104; Wanganeen, Lynnette, 166–7 220 assimilation, 66, 103; removal Wanganeen, Mary Jane, 165, 166 early photographers, 213, 215, of children, 66–8; reserves, Warndekan, Rachel, 116–18 216, 217, 223 103, 104, 113 Washbourne, Thomas, 119, 126 on missions, 212, 213, 214, issues of race, 104, 105, 107 Watson, Queen Ethel Whympie, 222, 223; narrative of Koori interest in photography, 178, 179, 180, 182, 185 transition, 215 103, 116; and family/ Watson, Rev James, 255, 259–63, photograph collections, 207, community connections, 270 221–4, 226–7 104–5, 118, 126; sensitivities, Watson, John, 138, 140 as prisoners (in chains), 209, 118 Group from Durundir, 135, 215 Koori presence in: curiosity about 136, 140 significance of early collections Europeans, 107; at the Kirwallie Sandy and others …, today, 215, 224–5; visual goldfields, 56, 107, 108; and 139 repatriation, 226–7 impact of invasion, 4, 32, Kirwallie Sandy in fight scene, Westgarth, William, 109 103, 111, 112, 113, 116, 119; 139 Australia Felix, 107 on traditional lands, 119, 126, Webster, Emily (née Brown), 185, Wheeler, John, 138, 139 128; travelling, 107; visibility 188 Whitlam, Gough, 6 to settlers, 107, 108, 110 Western Australia Wilder, Joseph, 146, 147 Koori–white photographic churches and Aboriginal people, Willshire, WH, 253 exchange in, 14, 103, 104, 111, 213 Wilson, Ellie, 202 118, 119 colonisation, 207, 209–10, 215 Wilson, Aunty Hilda, 176 Melbourne, 14, 103; Intercolonial European views of Aboriginal Winter, Alfred, 36 Exhibition, 45, 118 people, 208 Wonga, Simon, 110, 111 missions/reserves, 4, 104, 113, government policies: Woolley, Charles H, 36, 45 116; as destinations for visitors, assimilation, 215, 223; control Wooradi (Nuenone man), 26 116, 118, 119; and friendships, and violence, 210, 215; Woretemoeteyenner (Bung), 50 122; as places of racialist, 15, 211; role of transformation/adaptability, Aboriginal Protectors, 210, ‘Yamoureece’ (Yomurritj or 113, 119, 120, 122 222–3 Waavera), 259, 266, 267, 268 photographs of Kooris, 4, 24, impacts of invasion on Aboriginal Yarrie (Karruninnya), 243, 244 102, 103, 106, 107, 112; as people, 208–9; disease, 209; Yerrebulluk (Dicky), 112, 113 evidence of adaptability, 119; dispossession and desecration, Yirrkala bark petitions, 265 mocking, 66, 68; portraits, 108, 209, 215, 223; mixed-descent 110, 111, 112, 116, 118, 121, children, 209; violence and 122; subjects as celebrities, massacres, 209, 210 111, in traditional garb, 111, Institution for Native and Half- 114; use by descendants, 126 Caste Children, 116 Vietnam War lives of Aboriginal people: Indigenous Australian soldiers in, culture and skills, 208, 212, 64, 65 223, (breaking down of), 211;

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