MEASURE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS TO SUPPORT LOW-CARBON DECISION MAKING : the First Province in to Implement Normalized Compilation of Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventories at the Provincial, City and County levels

浙江省应对气候变化和低碳发展合作中心 ZHEJIANG CENTER FOR CLIMATE CHANGE AND LOW-CARBON DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION

浙江“量身定碳” 1 OVERVIEW OF ZHEJIANG

Zhejiang Province is located on China’s eastern coast just south of the River Delta. It has a total area of 105,400 square kilometers and is one of China’s smallest provinces by area, making up only 1.1% of its total area. The province has 11 cities including , , , , , , , , Zhoushan, Taizhou and which administrate 90 county-level administrative regions including 34 municipal districts, 21 county-level cities, 34 counties and 1 self-administrative county. In 2014 the GDP of Zhejiang Province was 4.015 trillion RMB, placing it fourth in the country. At the end of the year it had a resident population of 55.08 million, making up 4.02% of China’s total population and giving it a per capita GDP of 72,967 RMB (11,878 USD based on year average exchange rates). Hangzhou is the capital of Zhejiang and, along with Ningbo and Wenzhou, was designated as a national low-carbon pilot city. In 2014, Hangzhou, Ningbo and Wenzhou had the highest GDP in the province accounting for 52.6% of the province’s total GDP.

Situation of Zhejiang

浙江

7,000 2014 GDP by Region 100 2014 Ropulation by Region 90 6,000 (Billion RMB) 80 (million) 5,000 70 4,000 60 50 3,000 40 2,000 30 20 1,000 10 0 0 Jilin Jilin Tibet Tibet Hebei Anhui Anhui Hubei Hubei Fujian Fujian Henan Gansu Henan Gansu Hunan Hunan Tianjin Shanxi Shanxi Shanxi Shanxi Beijing Hainan Jiangxi Jiangxi Yunnan Yunnan Ningxia Ningxia Qinghai Jiangsu Qinghai Sichuan Sichuan Xinjiang Xinjiang Guizhou Guizhou Guangxi Guangxi Zhejiang Zhejiang Liaoning Liaoning Shanghai Shandong Chongqing Guangdong Heilongjiang Heilongjiang Inner Mongolia Inner Mongolia

120 2014 per capita GDP by Region 1,000 2012 CO Emissions by Region 900 2 100 (1,000RMB) 800 (million ton CO2) 80 700 600 60 500 400 40 300 20 200 100 0 0 Jilin Jilin Tibet Tibet Hebei Hebei Anhui Anhui Hubei Hubei Fujian Fujian Henan Gansu Henan Gansu Hunan Hunan Tianjin Tianjin Shanxi Shanxi Shanxi Shanxi Beijing Beijing Hainan Hainan Jiangxi Jiangxi Yunnan Yunnan Ningxia Ningxia Jiangsu Qinghai Jiangsu Qinghai Sichuan Sichuan Xinjiang Xinjiang Guizhou Guizhou Guangxi Guangxi Zhejiang Zhejiang Liaoning Liaoning Shanghai Shanghai Shandong Shandong Chongqing Chongqing Guangdong Guangdong Heilongjiang Heilongjiang Inner Mongolia Inner Mongolia

30 2012 per capita CO2 Emissions by Region 7 2012 CO2 Emissions per Unit of GDP by Region 25 (ton CO2) 6 (ton CO2/10,000RMB) 20 5 4 15 3 10 2 5 1 0 0 Jilin Jilin Tibet Tibet Hebei Hebei Anhui Anhui Hubei Hubei Fujian Fujian Gansu Henan Gansu Henan Hunan Hunan Tianjin Tianjin Shanxi Shanxi Shanxi Shanxi Beijing Beijing Hainan Hainan Jiangxi Jiangxi Yunnan Yunnan Ningxia Ningxia Jiangsu Qinghai Qinghai Jiangsu Sichuan Sichuan Xinjiang Xinjiang Guizhou Guizhou Guangxi Guangxi Zhejiang Zhejiang Liaoning Liaoning Shanghai Shanghai Shandong Shandong Chongqing Chongqing Guangdong Guangdong Heilongjiang Heilongjiang Inner Mongolia Inner Mongolia

Note: 2014 GDP and population data is from the National Bureau of Statistics website. Emissions data is from 2012 and only includes CO2 emissions produced by fossil fuels combustion, which comprises about 80% of all GHG emissions. Emissions data was calculated based on the 2012 energy balance sheet for each region.

1 WRI.org ZHEJIANG’S ACTIONS TO ADDRESS CLIMATE CHANGE

In 2007, Zhejiang established a Climate Change Leading Group led by the Provincial Governor with an offce responsible for daily operations affliated in the provincial Development and Reform Commission. During institutional reforms in 2009, the Zhejiang Development and Reform Commission created a Climate Change Division, which was put in charge of province-wide climate change work. In June 2012, the Commission Offce of Public Sector Reform of Zhejiang Province approved the establishment of the Zhejiang Center for Climate Change and Low-Carbon Development Cooperation, which is responsible for specifc work related to climate change and low-carbon development.

In October 2010, the provincial government released the Zhejiang Provincial Action Plan on Climate Change, which specifed climate change goals, key sectors and policy measures through 2012 for the entire province. In November 2013, the provincial government issued the provincial Implementation Plan for Controlling Greenhouse Gas Emissions, which required that CO2 emissions per unit of GDP in Zhejiang to be reduced by 19% from 2010 levels by 2015 and allocated goals to its 11 cities, work in the national low-carbon pilot cities of Hangzhou, Ningbo and Wenzhou to be completed before 2015 with a batch of model low-carbon industrial parks and communities as well as low-carbon technologies and products to be incorporated into the national register, and the initial stages of a GHG emissions statistics and accounting system were begun.

In May 2014, the Zhejiang Development and Reform Commission issued its Climate Change Plan for 2013-2020, proposing that all central government directives on CO2 intensity goals be achieved by 2020 and that the use of non-fossil fuels (including hydroelectric power from other provinces) be increased to around 18% of all energy usage, forest coverage be maintained at above 61% and that forest stock be maintained at 344 million cubic meters. At the same time, all actions need to effectively control the overall growth of GHG emissions and emissions from industrial processes, as well as implement conservation and carbon reduction measures in industry, buildings, transportation and public facilities.

Measure Greenhouse Gas Emissions to Support Low-Carbon浙江“量身定碳” Decision Making 2 ZHEJIANG’S ACTIONS ON PROVINCIAL, CITY AND COUNTY LEVELS GHG INVENTORIES

Zhejiang is the first province to implement normalized compilation of GHG inventories at the provincial, city and county levels, which is available through the Zhejiang Climate Change Research & Exchange Platform and used to support low-carbon policy decision making.

Zhejiang requires provincial, city and county level governments to provide a GHG inventory report for the previous year by the end of the current year. Inventory compilation is carried out based on administrative regions and divided into ‘direct’ and ‘indirect’ emissions based on a ‘localization principle’. The inventories cover 5 major sectors including energy, industrial processes, agriculture, land

use change and forestry, and waste, focusing on 6 types of GHGs: CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, PFCs and SF6.

At the Provincial Level, Zhejiang is one of 7 provinces identifed by the central government to pilot the compilation of provincial GHG inventories. In July 2012, Zhejiang completed its 2005 provincial GHG inventory. In late 2012, it completed its 2006-2012 provincial GHG inventories. By the end of 2015, Zhejiang will complete its provincial GHG inventories for 2013-2014.

At the City/County Level, the ‘Notice on Implementing Greenhouse Gas Inventory Compilation at the City/County Level’ issued by the Zhejiang Development and Reform Commission on March 2014 kicked off work to compile GHG inventories. City/County Development and Reform Commissions are responsible for inventory compilation, the Zhejiang Center for Climate Change and Low-Carbon Development Cooperation provides guidance and review including design, supervision, training and quality control. As of April 2015, 11 cities and 9 pilot counties completed GHG inventory reports for 2010-2013. Before the end of 2015, 11 cities and all 90 counties will complete GHG inventories for 2014.

Tasks and progress of Zhejiang’s city and county-level GHG inventory compilation

Zhejiang Climate Change Leading Group issued the ‘Notice In August Governor Qiang requests the Zhejiang Center for on Work Plan about Zhejiang’s Provincial GHG Inventory’ Climate Change and Low-Carbon Development Cooperation to and established a coordination group. create the Zhejiang Climate Change Research & Exchange Platform Tasks 4月，11个设区市 In March the Zhejiang Development2010~2013 and Reform年度省级温室 Commission issues the ‘Notice on Implementing气体清单和9个试点县 Greenhouse Gas Inventory Compilation at the City/County Level’2010~2013年度温室气体 清单全部编制完成

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

In May, the 2010 Provincial GHG Inventory Report was completed and submitted to the central government In April, 11 cities Progress and 9 pilot counties In July the 2005 Provincial GHG completed GHG Inventory Report was completed and By year-end, the 2006-2010 Provincial GHG Inventory Reports for submitted to the central government Inventory reports were completed 2010-2013

3 WRI.org EXPERIENCE OVERVIEW

HOW DO GHG INVENTORIES SUPPORT LOW-CARBON DECISION MAKING IN ZHEJIANG?

Measure 1: Performance Tracking ...... P5 Information in city and county GHG inventory reports are used to track performance and goals attainment as well as support setting provincial cap goals and allocating goals to cities

Measure 2: Emissions Reduction Potential Analysis and Policy Making ...... P6 GHG inventories are used to analyze emissions reduction potential, support policy making, develop voluntary emissions reduction projects and manage city carbon assets

Measure 3: Emissions Peak and Pathwats Research ...... P7 City emissions peak, pathways and measures are proposed according to inventory-based researches

WHAT MEASURES DOES ZHEJIANG USE TO SUPPORT NORMALIZED COMPILATION OF GHG INVENTORIES?

Measure 4: Unified Deployment ...... P8 Work for the compilation of GHG inventories at the provincial, city and county levels was deployed by the provincial government

Measure 5: Interdepartmental Coordination ...... P9 A highly efficient mechanism for coordinating between departments was established

Measure 6: Techinical Guidance ...... P10 Standardized technical guidance are provided in the Zhejiang Guideline for City/County-Level Greenhouse Gas Inventories

Measure 7: Review at Multiple Levels ...... P11 Inventory results are reviewed by county, city and provincial Development and Reform Commission offices. Submission and review results will be incorporated in political performance evaluation of local officials

Measure 8: Shortening Delays ...... P12 Inventory results at all levels are only delayed by one year

Measure 9: Training and Financial Investment ...... P13 Emphasis is put on creating local GHG inventory compilation teams and review experts as well as sufficient financial investment

Measure 10: Platform Support ...... P14 The Zhejiang Climate Change Research & Exchange Platform provides support for inventory compilation, review and analysis

Measure 11: International Linkages ...... P15 After a set of data is input, emissions reports are produced based on both the Zhejiang Guideline for City/County-Level Greenhouse Gas Inventories and international standard GPC

Measure Greenhouse Gas Emissions to Support Low-Carbon浙江“量身定碳” Decision Making 4 MEASURE 1: PERFORMANCE TRACKING

Information in city and county GHG inventory reports are used to track performance and goals attainment. In 2014, Zhejiang began evaluation and review of its 11 cities that were given CO2 intensity reduction goals in the 12th Five-Year Period. The indicators in ‘annual reduction in CO2 emissions per unit of GDP’ and ‘cumulative reduction in CO2 emissions per unit of GDP under the 12th Five-Year Period’ made up 40 points (out of 100). The calculations are based on energy consumption and electricity import/ export data collected during the city GHG inventory compilation processes.

Information in city and county GHG inventory reports are used to support study on setting provincial cap goal and target allocation at city-level. The Zhejiang Center for Climate Change and Low-Carbon Development Cooperation and the World Resources Institute are working together on research into how to set a cap goal for Zhejiang province in the 13th Five-Year Period instead of a carbon intensity goal and how to allocate goals to 11 cities, based on Zhejiang’s provincial and city GHG inventories.

th Reduction target of CO2 emissions per unit of GDP for Zhejiang’s 11 cities during the 12 Five-Year Period

Huzhou 20.5% Jiaxing 19.5%

Zhoushan 16% Hangzhou 20% Ningbo 19.5% Shaoxing 20.5%

Jinhua 19% Taizhou 13.5% Quzhou 21%

Lishui 15.5% Wenzhou 20%

5 WRI.org MEASURE 2: EMISSIONS REDUCTION POTENTIAL ANALYSIS AND POLICY MAKING

GHG inventories are used to analyze emissions reduction potential, support policy making, develop voluntary emissions reduction projects and manage city carbon assets.

In November 2014, the city of Quzhou completed its GHG inventories for 2010-2013, identifying several key emissions intensive industries including steel, chemicals, building materials, power generation and heating, transportation as well as paper manufacturing. Based on these results, Quzhou identifed corporations and equipment with high emissions within these industries and proposed policies and measures for emissions reduction. This included 7 emissions reduction projects and 1 new energy promotion plan, which are regional CHP projects, energy conservation in building materials, residual heat and pressure recovery, reftting of industrial boilers, as well as energy saving and carbon reduction programs in agricultural and rural areas, commercial and residential and public institutions.

Qingyuan County in the city of Lishui completed its GHG inventories for 2010-2013 in November 2014, which it used to examine the potential for reducing emissions and existing carbon assets. First, it examined key sectors and industries in Qingyuan County that produced GHG emissions such as energy production and agriculture as well as key carbon sinks like forestry, proposing specifc and feasible control measures. Next, it carried out on- site surveys and research to select voluntary emissions reduction projects, identifying a forest management carbon sink project, a biomass CHP project and a wind power project– which are expected to produce around 700,000 tons of CCER (Chinese Certifed Emission Reduction) credits every year. Based on estimated prices for CCER for different project types, successful projects could contribute 10 million RMB in local revenue.

Measure Greenhouse Gas Emissions to Support Low-Carbon浙江“量身定碳” Decision Making 6 MEASURE 3: EMISSIONS PEAK AND PATHWATS RESEARCH

City emissions peak, pathways and measures are proposed according to inventory-based researches. The city of Hangzhou completed its GHG inventories for 2010-2013 in November 2014. Based on emissions information from the inventories, Hangzhou concluded that there were 4 major infuencing factors that contributed to CO2 emissions – energy structures, industry structures, GDP growth and population/lifestyles. Selecting economic activities, energy intensity and other key indicators, Hangzhou developed the LEAP-Hangzhou model, which included a BAU scenario and a low-carbon scenario. It also created 4 sub-scenarios under the low-carbon scenario including 1) optimization among agriculture, industries and service industries, 2) clean energy production, 3) industrial structures optimization, and 4) transportation structure optimization. Emissions peak values and the times at which they were reached were predicted under the 4 different sub- scenarios with proposals for pathways and measures to peak earlier.

LEAP-Hangzhou Model

BAU senario Low-carbon senario

Optimization among Industrial structures Transportation structure agriculture, industries and Clean energy production optimization optimization service industries

7 WRI.org MEASURE 4: UNIFIED DEPLOYMENT

Zhejiang has implemented a unifed deployment for the compilation of GHG inventories at the provincial, city and county levels. Clear administrative requirements have been established based on the ‘Notice on the Working Plan for Greenhouse Gas Inventory Compilation for Zhejiang Province’ released in 2011 and the ‘Notice on Implementing City and County Greenhouse Gas Inventory Compilation’ issued in 2014. Main tasks include:

• Provide comprehensive data for the volume and composition of GHG emissions from 2005 at the provincial level and from 2010 at the city level, as well as the emissions status of major industries, key corporations and regions; • Establish databases at the provincial, city and county levels to record and manage inventories; • Establish and cultivate stable and dedicated institutions and teams of experts at the provincial, city and county levels; • Ensure the quality and timeliness of inventories.

The theoretical and practical value of inventory compilation requires that guidelines must be standardized and directed in order to achieve normalization. The experiences observed must still be confrmed and guaranteed. Zhejiang is currently working to draft a ‘Greenhouse Gas Inventory Management Regulation’ that will work to guide inventory compilation on a legal level.

Measure Greenhouse Gas Emissions to Support Low-Carbon浙江“量身定碳” Decision Making 8 MEASURE 5: INTERDEPARTMENTAL COORDINATION

A highly effcient mechanism for coordinating between departments was established. Due to weakness in the climate change statistical system, statistics for energy, industry, agriculture, waste and other sectors are collected separately by departments responsible for statistics, economic information and environmental protection with major gaps especially in the city and county level data. It requires the full cooperation of both government departments and businesses. This makes creating an effcient mechanism for interdepartmental coordination key to completing inventory compilation. Now, Zhejiang’s inventory compilation at the city and county level is led by the Development and Reform Commission offces and supported by the statistical, economic information, environmental protection, agricultural and forestry departments acting in coordination, with additional guidance by the Zhejiang Center for Climate Change and Low-Carbon Development Cooperation.

Division of Responsibilities for City Level GHG Inventory Compilation

LEADING PROJECT TEAM SUPPORTING DEPARTMENT CONSULTING INSTITUTION DEPARTMENT

Development and Reform • Bureau of Finance • Zhejiang Center for Climate Change and General Commission • Bureau of Statistics Low-Carbon Development Cooperation

• Bureau of Statistics • Economic and Information Commission • Bureau of Commerce • Bureau of Public Security • Zhejiang Center for Climate Change and Development and Reform • Bureau of Transport Low-Carbon Development Cooperation Energy Activity Commission • Bureau of Agriculture • Zhejiang Province Development Planning • State-Owned Assets Supervision and & Research Institute Administration Commission • Bureau of Market Supervision • Oil and gas companies

• Bureau of Statistics • Zhejiang Center for Climate Change Economic and Information Industrial Processes • State-Owned Assets Supervision and and Low-Carbon Development Cooperation Commission Administration Commission • of Technology

• Zhejiang Center for Climate Change and Agriculture Bureau of Agriculture • Bureau of Statistics Low-Carbon Development Cooperation • Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences

• Zhejiang Center for Climate Change and Land Use Change and • Bureau of Land and Resources Bureau of Forestry Low-Carbon Development Cooperation Forestry • Bureau of Statistics • Zhejiang Academy of Forestry Sciences

• Zhejiang Center for Climate Change and • Bureau of Statistics Bureau of Environmental Low-Carbon Development Cooperation Waste • Construction committee Protection • Zhejiang Institute of Environmental Protection Sciences and Design

City/county Development and Reform • Zhejiang Center for Climate Change and • Bureau of Statistics Inventory Systems Commission Low-Carbon Development Cooperation

9 WRI.org MEASURE 6: TECHNICAL GUIDANCE

Standardized technical guidance are provided in the Zhejiang Guideline for City/County-Level Greenhouse Gas Inventories. In May 2014, the Zhejiang Center for Climate Change and Low-Carbon Development Cooperation was asked by the Zhejiang Development and Reform Commission to draft the Zhejiang Guideline for City/County-Level Greenhouse Gas Inventories, which became the frst of its kind in the country and provided specifc guidelines for cities and counties in Zhejiang to carry out inventory compilation. The Center updated the Guideline in April 2015 based on problems that were found in the process of work done by the 11 cities and 9 pilot counties in 2014. The Guide provides strict guidelines regarding the boundary and scope of the inventory, emissions sources, obtaining activity level data, the selection of emissions factors, methods for calculating, and report formatting.

Measure Greenhouse Gas Emissions to Support Low-Carbon浙江“量身定碳” Decision Making 10 MEASURE 7: REVIEW AT MULTIPLE LEVELS

Inventory results are reviewed by county, city and provincial Development and Reform Commission offces. Inventory reports and supporting materials submitted must be reviewed and confrmed by expert teams organized by local Development and Reform Commission offces and then reviewed again at the next level up before being passed to an expert panel and recorded at the provincial level. Inventory submission and review results are then incorporated into evaluations of carbon intensity reduction goals performance with a point value of 15%. Cities and counties that do not meet requirements will be circulated a notice of criticism and results will be used in the political performance evaluation of local offcials.

Multi-Level Review Structure of City and County GHG Inventories

INVENTORY REPORT REVIEW AND RECORDING CONFIRMATION Provincial Development REVIEW Provincial/City and Reform Commission City/County Development and （Zhejiang Center for INVENTORY Development and Reform Commission Climate Change and REPORT DRAFTING Reform Commission （Zhejiang Center for Climate Change Low-Carbon DATA INPUT Inventory compilation and Low-Carbon Development staff Inventory compilation Development Cooperation） staff Cooperation）

11 WRI.org MEASURE 8: SHORTENING DELAYS

Inventory results at all levels are only delayed by one year. Every year, the Zhejiang Bureau of Statistics will complete initial data collection for the previous year by the end of June, which it then publically releases in August. The province’s 11 cities release statistical reports on economic and social development every February or March with an annual statistical yearbook released between August and October. Initial provincial inventory reports are completed before the end of June each year, reviewed/confrmed by the end of September and fnalized before the end of December. Cities and counties submit their work plan for the previous year’ inventory before the end of May and initial draft reports are fnished by the end of October. Review and confrmation is completed by the end of November and fnalized by the end of December.

Preparation and Work Timelines for Provincial, City and County Inventory Compilation

Provincial Bureau Provincial Bureau of Statistics to of Statistics to Provincial Data provide initial publically release statistical report for statistical data for Preparation previous year by previous year by the end of June the end of August

11 cities release 11 cities publically issue a statistical report on statistical yearbook between City/County Data economic and social August-October development by Preparation February/March

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Initial Review Final draft draft to be to be to be Provincial Inventory completed completed finalized Compilation by the end by the by the of June end of end of September December

Work Initial Review Final draft to plan to be draft to be to be be finalized by City/County Inventory submitted completed completed mid-December by the end by the end by the Compilation of May of October end of November

12 WRI.org Measure Greenhouse Gas Emissions to Support Low-Carbon浙江“量身定碳” Decision Making 12 MEASURE 9: TRAINING AND FINANCIAL INVESTMENT

Emphasis is put on creating local GHG inventory compilation teams. Since work on city and county level GHG inventory compilation began in March 2014, the Zhejiang Center for Climate Change and Low-Carbon Development Cooperation has carried out many different trainings that focus on a range of issues for different target groups.

• City/County Departmental Heads: training in basic knowledge on climate change and low-carbon development • Inventory compilation staff: training on methodologies and drafting of sector and general reports

As of April 2015, the Zhejiang Center for Climate Change and Low- Carbon Development Cooperation has carried out 3 intensive trainings in Hangzhou as well as more than 10 smaller trainings at other cities and counties. Now there are more than 10 professional compilation teams with more than 60 individuals trained working on Zhejiang’s GHG inventory compilation. More than 90% of these are local companies.

Expert pool was established. In 2014, the Zhejiang Development and Reform Commission requested the Zhejiang Center for Climate Change and Low-Carbon Development Cooperation to organize a team of experts in inventory compilation to support trainings, the creation of training materials and to review reports. As of April 2015, this team has grown to 62 members with experience in all fve major sectors, 48% of which are from city-level research institutes, 37% are from provincial research institutes, while 10% are from provincial level departments and 5% are from corporations. Experts that review city and county GHG inventories are chosen at random from this group to ensure fairness.

Financial input to ensure the smooth implementation of compilation Work. In both 2014 and 2015, fnancial support has been provided by the provincial, city and county levels for inventory compilation at the provincial level, in 11 cities and 90 counties.

13 WRI.org MEASURE 10: PLATFORM SUPPORT

Full support is provided for inventory compilation, review and analysis through the Zhejiang Climate Change Research & Exchange Platform. This platform currently includes a system for GHG inventories at the provincial, city and county levels, as well as a system for GHG emissions reported by corporations, providing all levels of government, corporations, and the public throughout Zhejiang with comprehensive resources for all related sectors. The inventory compilation, review and analysis functions of the platform are explained below:

• Inventory Compilation: The system serves to guide the activity level data collection process with emissions factors and methodologies embedded in the platform, allowing for automatic calculation of results and uncertainties as well as the production of inventory reports.

• Inventory Review: The system supports review processes at multiple levels, facilitating real-time supervision by the Development and Reform Commission offces of compilation progress and quality of inventories.

• Inventory Analysis: The system supports personalized and localized development that can adapt to the unique emissions sources (or sinks) in a city or county by providing additional report forms or formulas for calculation, allowing cities and counties to accurately refect actual emissions. In addition, the system also carries out collection and organization of city and county GHG data, enabling both vertical and lateral comparative analysis.

Main Page of the Zhejiang Climate Change Research & Exchange Platform www.zcarbon.org

Measure Greenhouse Gas Emissions to Support Low-Carbon浙江“量身定碳” Decision Making 14 MEASURE 11: INTERNATIONAL LINKAGES

After a set of data is input, emissions reports are produced based on both the Zhejiang Guideline for City/County-Level Greenhouse Gas Inventories and international standard Global Protocol for Community-Scale Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventories (GPC). The Zhejiang Greenhouse Gas Inventory Compilation System not only produces reports in formats required by the Zhejiang Guideline for City/County-Level Greenhouse Gas Inventories, but also links up with the internationally recognized standard GPC and produces reports in formats required by GPC, using the same set of activity level data, enabling comparison with domestic as well as international cities.

15 WRI.org About the Global Protocol for Community-Scale Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventories (GPC)

World Resources Institute, C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group and ICLEI – Local Governments for Sustainability (ICLEI) have partnered to create a GHG Protocol standard for cities that known as Global Protocol for Community-Scale Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventories (GPC).

The GPC has been adopted by the following programs and initiatives:

• The Compact of Mayors is an agreement led by city networks to undertake a transparent and supportive approach to reduce city emissions and enhance resilience to climate change. It is expected that about 500 cities will join the Compact by the end of 2015. To do so, cities are required to measure and report greenhouse gas emissions using the GPC.

• carbonn Climate Registry is the publically available repository for the Compact of Mayors. It provides standard reporting templates to help cities report their GHG emissions using the GPC. Currently about 300 cities have reported their emissions using carbonn Climate Registry.

• CDP runs the world’s largest environmental reporting platform. More than 5,000 companies, 200 cities, and 12 states and regions use CDP’s platform every year to report on their environment-related data, including GHG emissions, climate risks, water risks, and economic opportunities. CDP serves as the official reporting platform for C40 cities, the Compact of Mayors and the Compact of States and Regions. CDP supports cities in reporting their emissions using the GPC.

• PAS 2070, which is a specification developed by the British Standards Institution that sets out requirements for the assessment of urban greenhouse gas emissions. One of the greenhouse gas accounting methodologies (‘direct plus supply chain’ methodology) laid out in PAS 2070 was based on the GPC.

• ISO37120 provides a set of indices to guide cities as they chronicle their sustainability performance. As part of the climate change indicators, cities are required to measure their GHG emissions using the GPC.

• World Bank’s Low Carbon, Livable Cities Initiative is in the process of developing its ‘city climate planner’ certification program. As part of this program, World Bank will provide training and certification on city-wide GHG inventories based on the GPC.

• Inter-America Development Bank’s Emerging and Sustainable Cities Initiative (ESCI) supports small and medium size emerging cities in Latin America and the Caribbean pursue low carbon development. Over the last two years, ESCI has applied the GPC to more than 10 cities in the region.

GPC pilot city GPC beta version user

Measure Greenhouse Gas Emissions to Support Low-Carbon浙江“量身定碳” Decision Making 16 PROJECT AND PARTNER INTRODUCTIONS

In 2014 and 2015, the World Resources Institute and the Zhejiang Center for Climate Change and Low- Carbon Development Cooperation entered into a partnership to carry out activities that contributed to improving the capabilities, exchanging experiences and carrying out joint research on GHG inventory compilation and application at the city and county level in Zhejiang Province. For more information on China’s and international case studies, please refer to the joint report on “International and China’s Experiences on City Greenhouse Gas Inventories and Application of Inventory Results”.

World Resources Institute Zhejiang Center for Climate Change and Low-Carbon Development Cooperation

World Resources Institute is a global research organization In June 2012, the Zhejiang Commission Offce of Public that turns big ideas into action at the nexus of environment, Sector Reform offcially approved the Zhejiang Development economic opportunity and human well-being. and Reform Commission request to establish the Zhejiang Center for Climate Change and Low-Carbon Development Our Challenge Cooperation. The Zhejiang Center for Climate Change and Natural resources are at the foundation of economic Low-Carbon Development Cooperation has worked to build opportunity and human well-being. But today, we are the Zhejiang Climate Change Research & Exchange Platform, depleting Earth’s resources at rates that are not sustainable, which incorporates three systems to support carbon emissions endangering economies and people’s lives. People depend on data collection, calculation of climate change data and clean water, fertile land, healthy forests, and a stable climate. exchange in climate change research. These systems serve to Livable cities and clean energy are essential for a sustainable collect and share information resources on climate change and planet. We must address these urgent, global challenges this low-carbon development, providing all levels of government, decade. corporations and institutions as well as the public throughout Zhejiang with comprehensive, multi-layered service. Our Vision We envision an equitable and prosperous planet driven by Since its founding, the Zhejiang Center for Climate Change the wise management of natural resources. We aspire to and Low-Carbon Development Cooperation has participated create a world where the actions of government, business, and in 9 CDM Fund donation projects and more than 10 research communities combine to eliminate poverty and sustain the projects assigned by provincial government. It organized low- natural environment for all people. carbon pilot programs at the city/county level, in industrial parks, communities and in the development of low-carbon products, as well as domestic and international exchange in climate change area. At the same time, it also actively promotes normalization of city and county level GHG inventory compilation and corporate GHG emissions reporting in order to provide a solid foundation for Zhejiang’s climate change support system.

Services provided by the Zhejiang Center for Climate Change and Low-Carbon Development Cooperation include:

• Macro-level strategic research into climate change and low- carbon development • Creation and evaluation of low-carbon policy systems • Compilation, analysis and application of GHG inventories at the provincial, city and county levels • Corporate GHG emissions reporting, reviews, and carbon asset management and training • Drafting of work plans, organization and implementation and promotion of low-carbon development pilots including industrial parks, communities, products and technologies • Low-carbon development consulting and information platform support

17 WRI.org CONTACT INFORMATION

FONG Wee Kean CHENG Jihua Senior Associate Division Chief China Climate Program Climate Division World Resources Institute Zhejiang Center for Climate Change and Low-Carbon Development Email: [email protected] Cooperation Tel: +86-010-6416 5697 (27) Email: [email protected] Tel: +86-0571- 87055510

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