Mt. Hood National Forest

DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR HISTORIC RECREATION RESIDENCES Mt. Hood National Forest DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR HISTORIC RECREATION RESIDENCES

Prepared by: East Slope Cultural Services Bend, Oregon

Project Team Members:

Sally Donovan, M.A. Architectural Historian Ward Tonsfeldt, Ph.D. Industrial Archaeologist

for: U.S. Forest Service Mt. Hood National Forest

January, 2011 Mt. Hood National Forest DESIGN GUIDELINES for HISTORIC RECREATION RESIDENCES

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. PREFACE 2

II. BACKGROUND 3 Why create design guidelines? 4 How were these Guidelines developed? 5 What kind of alterations do these guidelines apply to? 5

III. HISTORIC CONTEXT 6 Character Defining Features 8 Recreation on the Mt. Hood National Forest 9

IV. REHABILITATION OF EXISTING BUILDINGS 13 Roofs 13 Exterior Wall Treatment 15 Window and Doors 16 Porches, Decks, and Patios 18 Foundations 20 Secondary Buildings 21 Hardscape Features 21

V. ADDITIONS TO EXISTING BUILDINGS 23 Guiding Principles

VI. REPLACEMENT BUILDINGS 27 New Construction Principals 27

APPENDICES Appendix A: Glossary 32 Appendix B: Secretary of the Interior’s Standard for Rehabilitation 38 – 1 – I. PREFACE

Why Should Cabin Owners Care About Design Guidelines?

The recreation residences (your cabin) located on the Zigzag Ranger District are private property located on federal land. Because the land is managed by the US Forest Service, the agency is required to follow the National Historic Preservation Act which requires the identification, evaluation and preservation of historic properties.

Each cabin within the tract has been identified and evaluated. This evaluation of your cabin determines what features of your cabin are historic. Before you start planning a project on your cabin, find out about the status of your cabin. This simple task can help you narrow the scope of your project while working in partnership with the agency. This information in conjunction with the information provided in this guidebook can be extremely helpful when planning a project on a cabin. Please feel free to call the Special Uses Permit Administrator for more information.

– 2 – II. Background

In 1915, Congress passed legislation to allow private development of summer homes and commercial recreation facilities in the national forests. Following the passage of this law—16 USC 497 March 4, 1915, often called the Term Occupancy Act—many national forests found suitable locations for recreational development, and surveyed tracts and lots. Building began in the 1920s and continued through the end of the program in the 1960s. As part of the program, the Forest Service created regulations and policies to govern the use, maintenance, and construction of recreation residences and other private buildings.

In general, these regulations and policies are covered in the special use agreement by “Terms and Conditions, IV, Responsibilities of the Holder, A” which asks that new unit holders “comply with all present and future regulations of the Secretary of Agriculture and all present and future federal, state, county, and municipal laws, ordinances, or regulations which are applicable to the area or operations covered by this permit.” All rehabilitation, remodeling, and improvements require review and written authorization by the Forest Service.

One of the federal laws that pertains to recreational cabins on the national forests is the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966. This requires that federal agencies like the Forest Service identify and protect any significant cultural resources within their jurisdiction. As recreational developments age past the 50-year mark, the Forest Service evaluates them to determine whether they are potentially eligible for nomination to the National Register of Historic Places. The National Register of Historic Places is a list of significant properties in the United States. Properties may be significant because of their historic associations, their connections with important Americans, their distinctive design or construction, or their archaeological potential. Cabins on the Mt. Hood tracts are potentially eligible for their distinctive designs. Resources that are determined eligible are given extra protection by the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for historic structures. A copy of these standards is attached as an appendix to the Design Guidelines.

– 3 – The intent of theDesign Guidelines is to preserve the character of these buildings and historic summer home tracts. This can be accomplished by recognizing the distinct architectural character of the cabins, maintaining historic materials, replacing deteriorated material with similar new material, and using compatible designs for additions to existing cabins and for new construction within the tract. These guidelines comply with state, county, and local ordinances and building codes. TheDesign Guidelines are intended to help promote an awareness and understanding of the special use administration standards by which the Forest operates the recreational tracts, and provide the historic context of the architectural styles found in the developments. Why create Design Guidelines?

Since its inception in 1916, the Forest Service recreational residence program has contained safeguards to protect public lands and also to protect the cabins within the residence tracts. These safeguards are found in Forest Service policies for special use permit holders, and in the design review process that occurs before each cabin is built. As cabins age, however, they are repaired and modified. Sometimes they are expanded, and occasionally they must be replaced. The purpose of theDesign Guidelines is to help maintain consistency in the ways that cabins are modified from their original approved designs, and to ensure that neighborhoods of cabins and the public lands are protected from inappropriate development.

TheDesign Guidelines provide the basis for making consistent decisions about repair and maintenance of cabins, modification and additions to cabins, and replacement of existing cabins damaged beyond repair. The Guidelines also

• Offer compatible solutions to development issues.

• Provide consistency in development and permit reviews.

• Ensure that new construction and modifications that are compatible with the forested setting and surrounding historic cabins.

• Maintain the visual and historic character of the lots and cabins. – 4 – How were these Guidelines developed?

The development of theseDesign Guidelines was based on three documents:

1) The Recreation and Special Uses sections of theForest Service Manuals and Handbooks

2) The nationally-accepted principles for preservation outlined in the National Park Service’s Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation for Historic Properties (Appendix B)

3) The Mt. Hood National Forest Recreational Cabin Tracts Determination of Eligibility for Listing in the National Register of Historic Places What kinds of alterations do these guidelines apply to?

These guidelines apply to all designated historic cabins and any cabin (contributing or non-contributing) within the historic Mile Bridge Tract, Still Creek Tract, and Zigzag Ski Club Tract.

These design guidelines only apply to the exterior of the structures; modifications to the interior are not part of these guidelines. Ordinary maintenance including re-painting with existing approved colors may not require extensive review, but does require Forest Service approval. Other examples of ordinary maintenance include repair of broken windows, cleaning roofs and siding, repairing shutters or skirting.

– 5 – III. Historic Context

The introduction of the automobile in the early 1900s and the development of the nation’s highway system stimulated growth of tourism and recreation. By the 1910s, automobile roads were being constructed throughout the Pacific Northwest, providing access to mountain resorts in the Cascades. It became increasingly apparent that more facilities for families and resort owners were needed in the national forests to meet the demand. The passage of The Term Occupancy Act in 1915, strongly supported by the Forest Service, allowed private use and development of public forest lands for terms up to 30 years by persons or organizations wishing to erect recreation residences, summer camps, stores, hotels or other facilities. The number of privately Example of small Rustic style cabin financed resorts and lodges grew rapidly after the passage of the act. Summer home tracts were leased and the permit-holders formed associations to provide for common utilities and services. Many middle-class people who desired a cabin in the woods now had an opportunity to apply for a permit and select a forested lot. Fees were low and summer homes were often built on shoe-string budgets.

The recreational cabins were distinctive because they were deliberately built as primitive and simple seasonal residences. The cabins were not intended for year-round habitation, and did not offer the comforts that might be found in a conventional home of the period. However, as Forest Inspector Fred W. Cleator wrote in his Summer Homes in the National Forests of Oregon and Washington (1932), the cabins were to be:

– 6 – . . . put up in a workmanlike manner with substantial roofs, floors, doors, windows, brick or masonry chimneys…; and that the setback of the residences and general ensemble should not be out of harmony with the neighborhood. Later, he noted that: This does not mean that buildings must be uniform in character, but it will usually mean that they shall be of a generally accepted rustic style, and attractive in appearance. Glaring colors are not permitted.

By rustic style, Cleator was not speaking in general terms, but was referring to a specific design gaining popularity in the 1930s on public lands throughout the nation. This is sometimes called the “National Park” style. Architectural historian Rosalind Clark notes that many of Oregon’s most famous public buildings were designed in this style, including the Oregon Forestry building, Timberline Lodge, Silver Falls Lodge, and others. National Park Service architect Albert Good provided the best definition of the Rustic style in 1935. It is a style which, through the use of native materials in proper scale, and through the avoidance of rigid, straight lines, and over- sophistication, gives the appearance of having been executed by pioneer craftsmen with limited hand tools. It thus achieves sympathy with natural surroundings and with the past.

The Rustic forest cabins, built from native materials, were characterized as simple and “old- fashioned” buildings that blend in with natural surroundings. The authors of a recent (2004) history of USDA Forest Service buildings in Region 6 have characterized the cabins on national forests throughout Oregon and Washington in the Example of a Rustic style residential design following paragraph: from FS manual – 7 – The cabins were small structures because their special use permits limited the square-footage of the floor plan. They represented the salient features of the Rustic Style. Built primarily of native materials, these buildings were generally wood buildings one to one-and-a-half storied, front or sidefacing gable with shed or gable dormers, large rock end chimneys or brick or rock ridge chimneys, and multi-light casement or double-hung windows, often grouped. Siding materials included wide lap siding, wood shingles or shakes, board and batten siding, round or half peeled logs. Porches were full- length or partial, and were supported by peeled logs or square posts. Decks and patios were integral to the design in many cases.

Character Defining Features

Forest Service Region 6 Historian E. Gail Throop has written extensively on the Rustic style of architecture found on public lands in the Pacific Northwest. The style has roots in several older architectural styles, but it reached its fullest expression in the 1930s, especially as practiced by the National Park Service, Forest Service, and Civilian Conservation Corps during the Great Depression. Throop identifies the following elements of the mature or late period Rustic style:

• Natural or native materials, especially stone and timber • Varied exterior treatment, contrasting siding on gable ends • Gable, hip and shed roof shapes • Multi-paned windows • Masonry chimneys • Dormers complementing or contrasting to roof shape • Main entry covered • Shutters on windows • Trim elements such as brackets, posts, corbels

– 8 – Recreation on the Mt. Hood National Forest

President Cleveland’s 1893 creation of the Cascade Range Forest Reserve preserved the public domain in Oregon’s Cascade Mountains at the time it was in the greatest peril. The forest reserves program was not well-positioned to manage the enormous reserves, however. To enable more active management of public domain forest lands, President Theodore Roosevelt and others established the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service and the national forest program in 1905. In 1908, the 5-million acre Cascades Range Forest Reserve was divided into smaller national forests. Among these was the Oregon National Forest, which later became the Mt. Hood National Forest. This forest was created from a portion of the Cascade Range Forest Reserve and the Bull Run Reserve, which was the municipal watershed for Portland. The new national forest included two very important recreational resources—Mt. Hood, and the southern side of the Columbia River Gorge.

The scenery of the Columbia Gorge appealed to visitors and residents alike. Before highway travel, the Gorge was relatively isolated, accessible by railroad and steamboat only. When automobile roads penetrated the Gorge, Portlanders became concerned about development threatening the scenery and recreational opportunities so close to home. Wealthy Portland businessmen in the Portland Chamber of Commerce and the Business Men’s Club of Portland, including Julius Meier and Simon Benson, pressured the Forest Service to protect the Gorge. As a result, the Forest Service created the Columbia River Gorge Park on the Oregon National Forest (now the Mt. Hood NF). The park preserved nearly 14,000 acres on the Oregon side of the Columbia for recreation. It was the most ambitious national forest recreation area to date, and recorded over 150,000 visitors in 1919. In the following years, Portland notables advocated the construction of the Columbia Gorge Highway through the park as a recreational amenity. This scenic highway became a regional treasure, and is currently listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

South of the Gorge, Mt. Hood and its surroundings had significance for Portland beyond its convenience as a water supply. The mountain is conspicuous from Portland on clear days, and forms a central element of the city’s scenery. During – 9 – the 19th century, a wagon road crossed the rugged Mt. Hood country, providing a route for a wagon road from The Dalles to the Willamette Valley for Oregon Trail immigrants. This was the Barlow Road, established in 1845 by Samuel Barlow, and operated as a private toll road until 1915. As difficult as the passage over the Barlow Road was for the immigrants, it was much safer than the harrowing raft trip down the Columbia River.

In 1919, the state of Oregon bought the Barlow Road from its owners, the estate of Henry E. Wemme. After The Mt. Hood Loop Highway, ca. 1925. this purchase, the Oregon State Highway Department, the Mt. Hood National Forest, and the U.S. Bureau of Public Roads began joint planning for a new highway around Mt. Hood. It would extend 106 miles in a loop east from Portland then north to the city of Hood River where it would join the Columbia Gorge highway.

The planners engaged landscape architect Frank A. Waugh to design the new highway. Waugh was a pioneering landscape architect, and professor of agriculture at the University of Massachusetts. Waugh’s academic training was diverse, as befits someone in an emerging field, but he was heavily influenced by the work of Frederick Law Olmstead. Like Olmstead, Waugh believed that man-made improvements should be unobtrusive in the natural environment, and that indigenous geology and vegetation should be preserved in the landscape. In 1917, in a truly prescient move, the Forest Service national office engaged Waugh to investigate recreational activities in national forests throughout the U.S. His 1918 report, Recreational Uses of the National Forests, was the first agency-wide approach – 10 – to recreational planning and scenery management. Waugh continued to consult with the Forest Service until his retirement in 1926.

On the Mt. Hood National Forest, the leadership of Frank A. Waugh and Forest Service recreation planner Fred W. Cleator resulted in three important documents. These were “Recreation Uses of the Mt. Hood Area” (Waugh 1920), “Mt. Hood Loop Recreation Unit Plan” (Cleator 1923) and “The Mt. Hood Recreation Land Classification Order” ( Jardine 1926). As a result of these plans, national forest lands adjacent to the Loop Highway—especially in the Rhododendron to Government Camp corridor—were targeted for recreation, including summer cabin tracts, sites for organizational camps, and commercial facilities.

Fred Cleator was an outspoken advocate of summer cabin development on the national forests of Region 6. He wrote dozens of reports and planning documents, but he is best remembered for his 1932 publication Summer Homes in the National Forests of Oregon and Washington.

Cleator was responsible for establishing the recreation cabin tracts on forests throughout Region 6, including the Mile Bridge tract on the Mt. Hood. Cleator’s original tracts on Mt. Hood were the Mile Bridge, Still Creek, Tollgate, and Camp Creek (Clauss and Rooke 2004: 4). Four cabins were built on the Mile Bridge tract prior to the official surveys. These cabins were probably permitted by the Forest under the annul permit system that antedated the Term Occupancy Act. By 1926, Forest Service policy had embraced recreation on Mt. Hood to the extent that the lands were formally designated the Mt. Hood Recreation Area, comparable to the Columbia River Gorge Park on the forest’s northern boundary. The language of the designation makes clear the Forest Service’s management objectives:

All National Forest lands therein are held for the use and enjoyment of the general public for recreational purposes. A proper and orderly utilization of timber, forage, water power, and other economic resources shall be allowed within the area, but such utilization shall not be permitted to impair the value of the area as a site for public campgrounds, municipal or health camps, sanitaria, club houses,

– 11 – hotels, summer homes, or public utilities requisite for the comfort and convenience of the people using the area for recreational purposes.

The crown jewel of recreational development on the Mt. Hood National Forest was, of course, Timberline Lodge, built between 1936 and 1938 by the WPA as part of the New Deal public works program. Like other recreational amenities located along the Loop Highway, Timberline Lodge was a phenomenon of what historian Elisabeth Walton [Potter] called “the Motor Age.” The Loop Highway provided motor vehicle access to the lodge for visitors during the summer and the winter, when it was usually blanketed by at least 10’ of snow. Unlike the grand hotels and resorts built in the national parks a generation earlier, Timberline was accessible only by car—there was no railroad serving the area. The recreating public that visited Timberline was comprised of working-class people who drove to the lodge, spent a day or two enjoying the mountain and then drove home.

– 12 – IV. Rehabilitation of Existing Buildings

These Design Guidelines are based on the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation that states that rehabilitation is the process of returning a property to a state of utility, through repair or alteration, while preserving those portions and features which are significant to its architectural and historic values. These principals have been applied to the various types of building rehabilitation projects. All such project work will require review and written authorization by the Forest Service. Roofs

A. Character Defining Features. Similar roof forms contribute to the sense of visual continuity. Typically, gable or hip roofs dominated roof designs in the recreation cabin tracts. Historically, wood shingles or composition shingles were used as roofing. Metal roofing is not acceptable.

Composition shingles—acceptable

Wood shingles—acceptable Metal roof—not acceptable – 13 – B. General Guidelines

1) Snow Loads – Design any changes to roofs to withstand the maximum snow loads of the area. 2) Preserve – Retain and preserve the original shape, line, slope, and overhang of the original roof, and architectural features such as chimneys and dormers. 3) Replacement – Replace deteriorated eave elements such as overhangs and rafters with the same design, dimensions, and materials as the original roof. If a replacement roof is necessary, the new roof should have the same eave depth and details as the original. 4) Re-Roofing – In general, the following guidelines apply to roofing materials: • Replace old roofing with the original material or an acceptable substitute. • Old wooden shingles or shakes may be replaced with composition, or other fireproof material that resembles wooden shingles. Cabin owners should submit samples. • Roofing on additions must match the rest of the structure unless it has a sheet metal roof. • Roofing on secondary buildings should be consistent with the main building unless it has a sheet metal roof. • Metal shingles may be a possible substitute roofing material.

C. Chimneys. Original chimneys are prominent features of recreation cabins. Masonry chimneys are one of the hallmarks of the Rustic style. Most chimneys are made of brick or native stone, and are located on the exterior of the gable end or on the ridge-lines.

1) Preserve – Avoid removing original chimneys. Preserve and repair original stone or masonry rather than replace. 2) Repair – If repair is not possible, contact the Special Uses Administrator. Build new chimney with fireproof material to match the scale, size, texture Chimneys are important contributors and material of the original. to the character of rustic cabins – 14 – 3) Non-Functional Chimneys – Maintain non-functional chimneys if they contribute to the historic character and design of the cabin. 4) Foundation – Build a solid chimney foundation with adequate footing during rehabilitation. 5) Spark Arresters – Install Forest Service approved spark arresters on all chimneys. 6) Re-Pointing – Re-point with mortar that matches the width, depth, color, and texture of the original mortar. Simple mortar mixes of one part lime and two parts sandmixes can of beone used. part Thislime andtype two of partsmixture sand allows can bethe used. mortar This compound to expandtype of andmixture contract allows thus the causing mortar lesscompound material to to expand fail. Avoid and contract thus causing less material to fail. Avoid using white using white Portland cement or other hard mortar to re-point original Portland cement or other hard mortar to re-point original chimneys; this material often damages softer stone. Use natural mortar colors chimneys; this material often damages softer stone. Use including off-white,natural beige,mortar or colors grays. including off-white, beige, or grays. 7) Replacement – Damaged or collapsing chimneys may be replaced in-kind, matchingE. theDormers. original Historically, as closely as dormers possible. were used as a way of creating more space in the interior of the building without adding a second D. Dormers. Historically,story. The dormers most commonly were used built as a dormersway of creating on recreation more space cabins in had the interior of the gablebuilding or shed without roofs. adding a second story. The most commonly built dormers on recreation1) Maintain cabins – Preservehad gable and or maintainshed roofs. original dormers. 2) Re-Roof – Re-roof with the same material, color, and design as 1) Maintain – Preserve and maintain original dormers. roofing on the main roof structure. 2) Re-Roof – Re-roof with the same material, color, and design as roofing on the mainNote: roof See structure “Section if main IV, Building roofing Additions is an approved I” for atype. discussion of adding dormers to existing structures. Note: See “Section IV, Building Additions I” for a discussion of adding dormers to existing structures. Exterior Wall Treatment

Exterior Wall TreatmeA.nt CharacterExterior Defining Wall Features Treatment. A. Character Defining FeatureThes. Ttype,he t ymaterials,pe, mater iandals, detailsand details of the A.ex tCharactererior walls Definingconoftr ithebute exterior tFeatures.o the wallso vTheera contributell type,style , character, and distmaterials,inctiveness andof rtodetailsecr theea toveralli oofn rtheesi dstyle,exteriorences .character, Typical Rustic style exteriwallsor sid contributeings incluandde to hdistinctiveness otherizo overallntal lap style,, t oofng ue and groove, wood shinglecharacter,s or shake sand, sim recreationdistinctivenessulated log s residences.iding, ofan drecreationbo a Typicalrd and a b c batten. residences. TypicalRustic Rustic style styleexterior exterior sidings The narrower horizsidingsontal la pincludesidinginclude whorizontalas ge nhorizontalerall ylap,fin tongueis hlap,ed atongue tandthe edges with corner boards with the exception of the cabins that were and groove, wood shingles or CommonCommon sidingsiding ttypes:ypes a a)) B Boardoard & &ba tbatten,ten, b) clad with wide (1’x10groove,” or 1’x 1wood2”) to nshinglesgue and gorro shakes,ove hori zsimulatedontal siding . Common siding types: a) Board & shakes, simulated log siding, b) tonguetongue && ggrove,rove, aandnd c )c)la lapp Frequently, the gablogle esiding,nds we andre f iboardnished andwith batten.a diff erent siding batten, b) tongue & grove, and c) lap material than the body of the house.and board and batten. – 15 – B. Guidelines 1) Preserve. Retain and preserve tThehe or narroweriginal sidin ghorizontaland trim w hlapene sidingver pos swasible. generallyIf replace finishedment of w aatll ethele ments is necessary, replace only deteredgesiorated withelem ecornernts to mboardsatch t hwithe ori gtheina lexceptionsize, scale ,ofpr theopo rcabinstions, t ethatxtur werees, an d details. clad with wide (1’x10” or 1’x12”) tongue and groove horizontal 2) Repair. Replace missing elementssiding.with th e Frequently,in-kind mate rtheial tgablehat m aendstches werethe o rfinishediginal mat erwithial. aI fdifferentnot avail able, use substitute siding that matchsidinges the omaterialriginal sid thaning in thedim ebodynsion sofan thed te house.xture. 3) Materials. Use consistent type(s) of siding materials throughout a structure (note many of the cabins historically had two siding materials-usually on the gable end and bo- d8y -of the cabin). 4) Replacement Siding & Trim. Use natural materials as new siding and trim whenever possible. • Use horizontal wood lap, and tongue & groove siding of various widths, board and batten, wood shingles or shakes, or logs. Match the dimension and style of the original material. • Avoid substitute siding materials such as vinyl, aluminum, or T-1-11 that covers the original siding and trim, and changes the appearance of building. Other sustainable substitute siding material that simulates wood may be approved (decided on a case-by-case basis).

Windows and Doors Muntins A. Character Defining Features. Windows and doors are prominent visual elements of dwelling and often reflect the architectural style or period of construction. The pattern, Double-hung sash arrangement, location, size, and shape of windows and doors contribute significantly to a building’s historic and stylistic character. Typical Common window types are multi-light casement or double- hung windows, or 1/1 double-one-over-one double-hung windows.

B. Guidelines. Retain and preserve original wooden windows and doors whenever Example of a six-over-one possible. If replacement is necessary, replace with doors and windows with elements double hung sash window that match the original size, proportions, and details.

Note: Although retention of historic material (wood) is recommended, substitute materials may be used if the texture, shape, and/or pattern are compatible with the historic window material and style.

1) Replacement Windows. Avoid buying stock doors and windows that do not fill the existing door and window openings. Snap-in muntins are not appropriate Common window types replacements for true divided-light window panes (other types of energy Double-hung and casement efficient windows with multi-pane divisions may be an appropriate substitute). Unpainted aluminum slider windows are not permitted. 2) Size of Openings. Keep new door and window openings consistent with the material, size, style, and pattern of the original. On the primary facades, avoid cutting new openings, enclosing windows, or installing replacement sashes that do not fit the opening. Avoid changing the number, location, proportion, and size of the windows and doors on the primary facades. If needed, install new No Yes windows or doors on the secondary facades (sides and rear). Replacement window should fit the original window opening size

6 The narrower horizontal lap siding was generally finished at the edges with corner boards with the exception of the cabins that were clad with wide (1’x10” or 1’x12”) tongue and groove horizontal siding. Frequently, the gable ends were finished with a different siding material than the body of the house.

B. Guidelines. All work involving exterior wall treatment must be reviewed and authorized by the Forest Service.

1) Preserve – Retain and preserve the original siding and trim whenever possible. If replacement of wall elements is necessary, replace only deteriorated elements to match the original size, scale, proportions, textures, and details. 2) Repair – Replace missing elements with in-kind material that matches the original material if known. If not available, use substitute siding that matches the original siding in dimensions and texture. 3) Materials – Use consistent type(s) of siding materials throughout a structure (note: many of the cabins historically had two siding materials-usually on the gable end and body of the cabin). 4) Replacement Siding & Trim – Use natural materials as new siding and trim whenever possible. • Use horizontal wood lap, tongue and groove siding of various widths, board and batten, wood shingles or shakes, or logs. Match the dimension and style of the original material. • Avoid substitute siding materials such as vinyl, aluminum, or T-111 that covers the original siding and trim, and changes the appearance of building. Other sustainable substitute siding material that simulates wood may be approved (decided on a case-by-case basis). • Try to replace siding with the same materials that were used on the original structure. Windows and Doors

A. Character Defining Features. Windows and doors are prominent visual elements of a dwelling and often reflect the architectural style or period of construction. The pattern, arrangement, location, size, and shape of windows and doors contribute significantly to a building’s historic and stylistic character.

– 16 – B. Guidelines 1) Preserve – Retain and preserve the original siding and trim whenever possible. If replacement of wall elements is Exterior Wall Treatment necessary, replace only deteriorated elements to match the original size, scale, proportions, textures, and details. A. Character Defining Features. The type, materials, and details of the exterior walls contribute2)toRepairthe o v–e rReplaceall style ,missing elements with in-kind material that character, and distinctiveness of recreation matchesresidence sthe. Toriginalypical material. If not available, use substitute Rustic style exterior sidings include horizonsidingtal lap ,thatton matchesgue and the original siding in dimensions and groove, wood shingles or shakes, simulated log stexture.iding, an d board and a b c batten. 3) Materials – Use consistent type(s) of siding materials The narrower horizontal lap siding was generthroughoutally finished aa structuret the (note: many of the cabins historically edges with corner boards with the exception of hadthe catwobin ssidingthat w materials-usuallyere Common sid ionng t theypes gablea) Boa rendd & b andatten body, b) of clad with wideEx(1t’xe10r”ioor 1W’x12a”l)l tTonrgueeaatnmd egnrtheotove cabin).horizo ntal siding. tongue & grove, and c) lap Frequently, the gable ends were finished4)wiReplacementth a differen tSidingsiding & Trim – Use natural materials as new material than Ath.e Cbharodyacofttehre hDouesfein. ing Features. The type, materials, and siding and trim whenever possible. B. Guidelines details of the exterior walls contribute to the overall style, character, and distinctiveness o•f reUsecreat ihorizontalon residence woods. Typ lap,ical tongue and groove siding of 1) Preserve. Retain and preserve the original siding and trim whenever possible. If replacement of wall elements Rustic style exterior sidings include horizontal lap, tongue and is necessary, replace only deteriorated elementvariouss to mat cwidths,h the o rboardiginal s andize, sbatten,cale, pr woodoportio shinglesns, textur ores ,shakes,and groove, wood shingles or shakes, simulated log siding, and board and a b c details. batten. or logs. Match the dimension and style of the original 2) Repair. Replace missing elements with the in-kindmaterial.material t hat matches the original material. If not available, The narrower horizontal lap siding was generally finished at the use substitute siding that matches the original siding in dimensions and texture. edges with corner boards with the• excAvoideption o fsubstitutethe cabins tsidinghat wer ematerials such as vinyl, aluminum, 3) Materials. Use consistent type(s) of siding materials throughout a structurCeom(mnontesidmingantyypeos fa)tBhoeardca&bbiantsten, b) clad with wide (1’x10” or 1’x12”) tonguore aT-111nd gro othatve h ocoversrizontal thesidi noriginalg. sidingtongu eand& gr otrim,ve, and andc) lap historically haFdretqwuoenstildyi,ngthmeatgeabrilealse-nudssuawlleyroen ftihnchangesieshgeadblewiet hthendaa nappearanceddifbfeordeyntofstidh ienofgca building.bin). Other sustainable 4) Replacement Siding & Trim. Use natural materials as new siding and trim whenever possible. material than the body of the house. substitute siding material that simulates wood may be • Use hBo.rizGonutidalewlinooeds lap, and tongue & groove siding of various widths, board and batten, wood shingles or approved (decided on a case-by-case basis). shakes, or1)logPsr.esMeravtech. Rtehteaindiamndenpsrieosneravnedtshteyolerigoifnatlhseidoinrgigainadltmriamtewrhieanl.ever possible. If replacement of wall elements • Avoid substitiustneesciedsisnagrym, aretpelraicealsosnulychdeatserviionryalt,eadluemleimnuemnt,sotroTm-a1t-c1h1 theatorciogvinearlsstizhee, socariglei,naprl ospidorintigonasn,dtetxrtimur,es, and details. and changes the appearance of building. Other sustaWindowsinable substitute andsiding m Doorsaterial that simulates wood 2) Repair. Replace missing elements with the in-kind material that matches the original material. If not available, may be approved (decided on a case-by-case basis). use substitute siding that matches the original siding in dimensions and texture. 3) Materials. Use conA.sisteCharacternt type(s) o fDefiningsiding mat erFeaturesials throu.g hout a structure (note many of the cabins historically had two sidinWindowsg materials- uandsuall ydoorson the aregabl eprominentend and bod y of the cabin). Windows and Doors Typical common window types are multi- 4) Replacement Siding & Trivisualm. Use nelementsatural mat eofria las adwellings new sidin gandand trim whenever possible. Muntins A. Character Definin•g Features. Windowslightand casementdoors ar eorp double-hungrominent vis windows,ual eleme nts of Use horizontal woodoftenlap, an dreflecttongue &thegr ooarchitecturalve siding of va rstyleious w idort hs, board and batten, wood shingles or dwelling and often reflectshtahkeesa,rocrhiltoegsct. uMratlchstythloree odone-over-onerimpeenrsiioodn aonfdc s(1/1)otnysletr o ufctthieono.riTgihnael pmaattteerrianl,. Double-hung sash arrangement, location•, sizAevo, aidndsusbhsatpiteutoefsiwdiiperiodndg omwdouble-hungastea rofniadl sconstruction.dsouochrs windows.acsovinntyrli,baulut meTheisnuigmn ,pattern,ifoircaTn-1t-l1y1 ttohaat covers the originabl usidldiningga’snd trim, historic and stylistic charaancdtcehra.ngTeysptihcaelapCpoearrangement,marmaonncewoifndbouwildit nylocation,gp. eOs tahreer ms usize,uslttaii-nl iagandbhlet s caushapebssetmituet netsiding material thoart dsiomuublalete-s wood hung windows, or 1/1 doubmlea-yonbe-aopvperro-voende(ddeoofciuB.db e lwindowsedGuidelines-ohnunagcawsien -dandb. oyRetainw-cs a.doorsse b andasi s contribute)preserve. original wooden windows and doors whenever B. Guidelines. Retain and preserve origisignificantlynal wooden w intod owa sbuilding’sand door shistoricwhenev er EExamplexample of ofa saix six-over-one-over-one possible. If replacement is necessary, Example of a six-over-one possible. If rWepliancedmoewnts isanedcesDsaoroy,rrsepandlace stylisticwith doo rcharacter.s and wind o wTypicals with elements ddoubleouble hu hungng sa ssashh win windowdow replacecasement with doors or and double-hung windows with windows, or one-over-onedouble hung sash (1/1) windowM untins that match theA.orCigharinalacsiztee,rprDoepforintinongs,Faenadcommontduerteasi.ls.W windowindows and typesdoors areare pmulti-lightrominent visu al elements of dwelling and often reflect the arcelementshitectdouble-hungura thatl sty lmatche or p e windows.theriod originalof con s tsize,ruct ion. The pattern, Note Double-hung sash : Although reartreanntgieomneonft, hloicasttoiroinc, smizaet,earnidalsproportions,h(wapoeodof) wisindr eandowcosm adetails.mndednodoe rds,csounbtrs-itb i9uttu e-tesigmniafticaerniatllys tmo aay be used if thbeuilding’s texture, shape, anhdi/stoorripcaattndersntyalriseticcochmpaaratcibteler.wiTtB.yhpitcahGuidelines.el Choimstmoornicwwin i ndRetaindowowtymp eaandstearr ieapreservelmaunldti-slitgy horiginallte.caseme woodennt windowsor anddoub le- Note: Although retention of historic material (wood) is recommended, substitute hung windows, or 1/1 double-one-over-ondoorse doub wheneverle-hung win dpossible.ows. If replacement is necessary, replace with 1) Replacement Windows. Avoid buying stockmaterialsdoors an mayd w ibend usedows ift htheat texture,do not shape,fill and/or pattern is compatible with the B. Guidelines. Retain and preserve doorsorigina andl wo windowsoden wind owithws a elementsnd doors thatwhen matchever theExa moriginalple of a s isize,x-ove r-one the existing door and window openings. Snhistoricap-in mwindowuntins materialare not andapp style.ropriate Common window types possible. If replacement is necessary,proportions,replace with anddoor details.s and windows with elements double hung sash window replacements for true divided-light window panes (other types of energy Double-hung and casement that match the original size, proportions, and details. efficient windows with multi-pane divisions m1)a yReplacementbNote:e an a pAlthoughpro Windowspriate retentionsub –s tAvoiditut ofe )buying .historic stock material doors and(wood) windows is that do Note: Although retention of historic material (wood) is recommended, substitute materials may be used if the Unpainted aluminum slider windows are not pernotmirecommended,t tfilled. the existing substitute door and materialswindow openings. may be Snap-in used if themuntins texture, are not texture, shape, and/or pattern are coappropriatempatible wi treplacementsh the historic forwi ntruedow divided-lightmaterial and s windowtyle. panes (other types 2) Size of Openings. Keep new door and windowshape,openin and/orgs cons patternistent w isit compatibleh the with the historic window of energy efficient windows with multi-pane divisions may be an appropriate material, size,1)styRlep, laancedmpeanttteWrinndoofwtsh. eAovroigdinbauly.inmaterialOg nsttohcke dp oandroimrsa style.arnydfwacai n ddoewss, tahvaotiddo not fill substitute). Aluminum slider and vinyl windows are not permitted. cutting new openitnhges,exeinscltinogsidngoorwiannddowisn,dorw ionpsetnailnlginsg. rSenpalpa-cein mmeuntinssasahreesnotthaptpropriate Common window types do not fit the operenpinlagc.emAevontisd fchorantrguinegdtivhied2)end u-Sizemligb1)het rof,wReplacement lOpeningsiondcaowtiopna,n pe–rs oKeep(p Windowsootrhte inewront,y adoorpne ds– Avoido andf e ne rgy DCommonoCommonuble-hung window windowand case mtypesent size of the windowefsfiacniedntdowoinrdsoowns wthitehpmruimltia-rpyanfwindoweadcaivdiseibuyingos n.openingss Imfayn estockbeed aconsistentenda ,doorspipnrsotpar l iandlawithnte w swindows uthebst itute) .No Double-hungDouble-hung Yeandands casementcasement windows or doors Uonptahinetesdecaolunmdianrumy fsalicadedrewsin(dsoidwmaterial,essaraendthatnor tsize,ep adoerr) mstyle,. notitte d filland. thepattern existing of the doorRep lacement window should fit 2) Size of Openings. Keep new doriginal.oor anandd Onwi nwindow dtheow primaryope nopenings.ings facades,consis t Snap-eavoidnt wt ihteh otrhigeinal window opening size material, size, style, and patterncuttingof thein newo rmuntinsigi nopenings,al. O nareth e enclosingnotpri mappropriateary fwindows,acades, a void cutting new openings, enclosing orwi ninstallingdows, or ireplacementnstalling rep lsashesaceme nthatt sa sdohe s that 6 replacements for true divided- do not fit the opening. Avoid chnotang fiting thethe opening.number, loAvoidcatio nchanging, proport itheon, and size of the windows and doors on the prlightimar ywindowfacades. panesIf nee (otherded, in stypestall ne w No Yes number, location, proportion, and size of windows or doors on the secondary facaofde senergy(sides aefficientnd rear). windows ReplacementReplacement windowwindow s shouldhould fi tfit the windows and doors on the primary Replacement window should fit with multi-pane divisions may theth eoriginaloriginal wwindowindow o popeningening siz sizee the original opening size facades.be If anneeded, appropriate install new substitute). windows or doors on the secondary facades (sides and Aluminum6 slider windows are not permitted. rear).2) Size of Openings – Keep new door and window openings 3) Storms – Select storm windows or screen doors that are wood paint or consistent with the material, size, style, and pattern of the baked-enamel finish (not unfinished aluminum) in earth tones. Install original. On the primary facades, avoid cutting new openings, storms or screen doors so that they blend in with the existing windows and enclosing windows, or installing replacement sashes that do not fit the opening. Avoid– 17 –changing the number, location, proportion, and size of the windows and doors on the primary facades. If needed, install new windows or doors on the secondary facades (sides and rear). 3) Storms – Select storm windows or screen doors that are wood paint or baked-enamel finish (not unfinished aluminum) in earth tones. Install storms or screen doors so that they blend in with the existing windows and do not damage windows frames. Alternative: Consider installing interior storm windows if feasible; this will allow the character of the original window to remain.

- 10 - do not damage windows frames. Alternative: Consider installing interior storm windows if feasible; this will allow the character of the original window to remain. 4) Shutters – Install window shutters only if there is evidence of past use. The size of the shutters should fill the window opening when closed. Avoid installing decorative, non-functional shutters. Porches, Decks, and Patios

A. Porches • Porches should be limited to 25 percent of the total square footage of the building, not to exceed 400 square feet. • Porches shall not be enclosed, expanded or removed without prior approval. • Front or primary elevation porches should not be enclosed, as this negatively impacts the visual and historic character of both the building and the overall appearance of the tract. • The enclosure of rear or secondary porches may be approved if the enclosure will not result in removal or alteration of any significant architectural features such as porch posts, eave details, or other elements that allow the interpretation of the enclosed section as a former porch. • Addition of porch screening on the non-primary facades is allowed if the screening will not alter the existing porch roof supports, railing, eave details, or other historic architectural features of the residence. • Deteriorated elements of a historic porch (flooring, support posts, railing, eave details) should be repaired rather than replaced. Where the level of deterioration requires replacement, these elements shall be replaced in-kind in material, workmanship, dimension, and design. • If the entire porch is deteriorated beyond repair, replace with a porch that matches the original in location, scale, and design of roof shape, decking, posts, and railings. • Replacement railings that comply with building codes may be too high for historic cabins. No railings are required by the code if the porch deck is less than 30” from the ground. Owners of historic cabins can request a variance from the UBC under section 3403.5 if the code requirement would result in an adverse effect to the cabin. If the replacement railing is to meet code requirements of 36” high, the railing can be designed to minimize the – 18 – • historically appropriate.

Example of Text: Repairing or replacing a section of a railing often permits the retention of the original railing height, which is typically 26” to 32” high

If replacement is necessary, the building code requires that if a porch deck is higher than 30” from grade, the new railing has to be at least 36” high. In designing a 36” high railing that “fits” the proportions and style of a historic house, encourage minimizing the height of railing visually by designing more substantial top and bottom rails and/or adding a secondary horizontal top rail (see figure below).

apparent height by designing more substantial top and bottom rails and/or adding a secondary horizontal top rail (see figure below).

Historic Height DiscourageDiscouraged EncouragedEncouraged Historic Height

Historic railings were generally lower than Example of a 36” railing that meets Compatible new 36” railing that appears 32” and had closely spaced balusters building code but is NOT compatible lower by the additional of a secondary with traditional railing heights. The top rail that is less substantial than the balusters are spaced too far apart lower top rail

B. Decks • Lattice railings and solid railings are not allowed. • Construction of decks on the front or primary facades or expansion of existing decks on the front or primary facades shall be avoided. • Decks may be left unpainted after initial construction, but once they are stained or painted, the finish must be maintained (maybe not paint but colored stain is OK). • OR Decks shall be painted or stained to match or compliment the permanent colors of the main structure and not left to weather naturally. • Decks shall not be more than 400 square feet in total. • Decks shall be designed for local snow loads. • Decks will be designed to be visually subordinate to the building, and blend in with the surrounding environment in material, design, scale, and color. • Non-compatible decks on the front or primary facades, that were not original or built during the historic period, will be removed or replaced with historically-appropriate designs (location, design, materials) when replacement is necessary. • Screen area under deck with compatible screening such as tightly laid lattice in a frame that is painted or stained. Avoid the use of diagonal lattice that has wider openings, like many ready-made commercial lattices. • Decks should have a design similar to the detailing on the building. Simple structures call for simple decks. • No pressure treated lumber may be used because of potential harm to the aquatic environment. – 19 – • Second story decks or balconies are prohibited unless part of the original design.

C. Patios • Historic period patios were made of concrete or native stone. Manufactured materials, such as synthetic stone (pavers) can be used if they can achieve the appearance of natural materials. The key is to make the scale, color, and texture of materials correspond to the setting. • Stone or masonry patios cannot exceed 400 square feet square. Foundations

A. Character Defining Features. Foundations tie the building into the site. The height, material, and features can contribute or detract from the original style or character of the dwelling. Many cabins were built without continuous perimeter foundations. These buildings were supported on wooden post-and- pier foundations which often deteriorate and must be replaced.

B. Guidelines

1) Replacement Foundations – Design replacement foundations built of poured concrete, stone, or stone facing. Avoid exposed concrete block unless faced with native stone. Retaining the height and material (as close as possible) of the original foundation is an important aspect to the overall design of the house. 2) Utilities – Locate new mechanical connections and utilities through foundations on the side and rear facades to minimize the visibility. 3) Paint – If previously painted, foundations can be painted a dark color or a color that reflects the natural color of the forested setting. 4) Skirting – Install skirting around exposed foundation piers of the cabin to enhance the visual appearance of the cabin. Use materials that match the original siding, or materials such as vertical boards, or lattice (earth tone stained) rather than plywood. Lattice skirting should be mounted with lattice vertical and horizontal rather than diagonal. Faux stone is not permitted for skirting.

– 20 – Secondary Buildings

A. Character Defining Features. Secondary buildings such as outhouses, garages, and sheds can be contributing elements to the district. Historic outhouses no longer used for sanitation can be retained as sheds. Most secondary buildings are made from the same materials as the main building, and show the same stylistic features.

B. Guidelines. All projects involving outbuildings with historic tracts or on lots with historic cabins must be reviewed and authorized by the Forest Service. 1) Number – The USFS regional standards allow only one outbuilding per lot. Exceptions are allowed for historical structures only. 2) Maintenance – Maintain secondary buildings at the same standards as primary buildings. Replace broken windows, missing shingles, etc. 3) Painting – Paint secondary buildings the same colors as the main building, unless the original paint was different. Hardscape Features

A. Character Defining Features. “Hardscape” is generally defined as elements of the landscaping that are built of semi-permanent material to enhance the aesthetics or utility of the surroundings. Since much of the hardscape on the Mt. Hood national Forest tracts are made of native stone, they are a significant element of the NPS Rustic style, and important to the setting.

Hardscape elements present in the Mt Hood National Forest tracts include the following: • Paths – These are typically trails made of crushed rock or gravel bordered with basaltic fieldstone. • Walls – These are made of unmortared, uncoursed basaltic ashlars. • Gates – These are wooden entries that may have stone posts or pillars. • Steps, stairs – These are typically unmortared basalt steps providing access to buildings, decks, or different elevations on paths. • Bridges – These are wooden pedestrian bridges across streams or gullies. – 21 – • Patios – Stone or concrete slab for outdoor activities. • Fireplace, fire ring, grill– These are stone facilities for containing fires for ambiance, outdoor heat, or outdoor cooking. Fireplaces or grills that combine a stone fire box with a metal cooking surface were important hardscape elements in parks and in national forest campgrounds during the 1920s and 1930s.

B. Guidelines. 1) Preserve – Keep the original hardscape elements in place if they are native stone or rustic wooden elements like benches or bridges. 2) Maintain and repair – replace dislodged stone steps, unmortared walls, or decorative borders. Re-point mortared stone elements. Repair wooden elements with in-kind materials. Renew paint if appropriate.

– 22 – V. Additions to Existing Buildings

Many of the cabins have been added to over time. Historic additions were usually subordinate in scale and character to the main building, lower in height, located on the rear or side, and made of materials similar to the original construction. This tradition of preserving the architectural style and materials of the cabins should be maintained when designing new additions.

New additions should not affect the character of the original recreation residence and should be distinguishable from the historic portion so that the evolution of the historic building can be understood. The style, mass, scale, materials, color, roof form, and proportion and spacing of the windows and doors should all be considered in designing compatible additions.

Guiding Principals A. Location. Locate additions as inconspicuously as possible to maintain the original design of the building. If an addition is made on the side or back of the building, set back the addition to minimize the visual impact and allow the proportions and character of the original building to remain. Set additions on the rear or side elevations to retain the original B. Minimize Loss. Construct additions so facades and proportions. there is the least possible loss of historic material. Ensure that character-defining features of the historic building are not obscured, damaged, or destroyed.

C. Size and Scale. Limit the size and scale of the addition so that it does not overpower the original cabin. Additions should not expand the original footprint by more than 120%-150%. Additions should not be higher than the

– 23 – original building, but they can be the same width. The distinction between old and new should be apparent. Design addition so that perceived scale of the roofline and building D. Design. Differentiate the addition from the original building so the integrity form are not compromised. of the existing building is not lost or compromised. Design addition so that perceived scale of the roofline and building form are not compromised E. Compatibility. Design an addition that is compatible with the E. Compatibilityoriginal building. Design in anmass, addition materials, that is compatible proportion, with and the spacingoriginal building and indesign mass, materials,of existing proportion, doors and and windows.spacing and design of existing doors and windows. F. Windows: Ratio. For additions on a primary façade, use a F. Windows:solid-to-void Ratio (walls-to-windows. For additions on a primary and doors) façade, ratiouse a solid-to-voidsimilar to the (walls- to-windowsoriginal cabin and doors)ratio. ratio Generally, similar to glass the original areas cabinin excess ratio. Generally,of 33% of glass areasthe total in excess wall of area 33% willof the not total be wall compatible area will not with be compatible the historic with cabins. the historic cabins. Exceptions: Porches enclosed with glass windows Exceptions: Porches enclosed with glass windows

Original Ratio 33% 50% Window-to-wallWindow-to-wall design design ratio. ratio. Ratios Ratios overover 33% areare notnot recommended recommended inin compatiblecompatible additions. additions G. Materials. Select a material, such as wood, that is compatible G. Materials. Select a material, such as wood, that is compatible with the historic with the historic materials of the original building. Contemporary materials of the original building. Anachronistic siding materials, such as T-111, vinyl,siding or materials,metal siding such should as not T-111, be used. vinyl, or metal siding should not be used. If eco-friendly siding is used as substitute siding, it should H. Roofbe similar Form. Designin character the roof to form the tooriginal be compatible material with (approval the original is cabin made on anda case-by-case consistent with basis). primary roof forms in the area. Gables and hip roofs were commonly used on the main volume of the cabins, and shed or hip roofs were H. commonlyRoof Form. used Designfor porches the and roof small form entrance to be hoods. compatible See guidelines with the for roof formsoriginal in “New cabin Construction,” and consistent Section with V. primary roof forms in the area. I. RoofGables Materials and hip. Roof roofs materials were commonlyshould be the used same onas the the original main volumecabin. of the cabins, and shed or hip roofs were commonly used for porches J. Dormersand small. Traditionally entrance hoods. dormers Seewere guidelines small in scale for and roof used forms as a way in “Newof Construction,” Section V. – 24 –

I. Roof Materials. Roof materials should be the same as the original cabin.

J. Dormers. Traditionally dormers were small in scale and used as a way of creating added space to the interior without building an - 15 - spacing and design of existing doors and windows. F. Wspaicindngowansd:deRsaigtnioo.f eFxoisrtiandgdditoiornss aonnd awipndriomwasr.y façade, use a solid-to-void (walls-to-windows and doors) ratio F. Windows: Ratio similar to the origin. alFcaorbainddriattioion.s oGnenaerparlilmy,argylasfsaçaardeea,suisne eaxcseoslisd-otfo-v3o3i%d (owfaltlsh-etot-owtianldowwasll aanrdeadwooilrlsn)ortatbieo cosimmiplaartitboletwhiethotrhigeinhailstcaorbicincarbatinios.. EGxeceneprtaiollnys,:gPloarscshaerseeansclionseedxcweistsh golfas3s3w%indofowtshe total wall area will not be compatible with the historic cabins. Exceptions: Porches enclosed with glass windows G. Materials. Seleadditionalct a material, s ustory.ch as wo o Thesed, that is cguidelinesompatible with twerehe hist ocreatedric materia ltos o fmaintainthe original b utheildin g. Gcreating. Materia laddeds space to the interior without building an additional story. These spacing and desiCgonntoefmpeoxriasr.tyiSnsegidleadditionaldicnotgoamrmastaeatrenirdailaswl,, isn ustory.dchowas .wTo- 1o These-d1,1t, hviantyils, cguidelinesoormmpeataibl lseidwiintgh stwerehoeuhldistn ocreatedrticbemautseerdi.a ltosIfo femaintaintchoe-forrieignidnlayl sb iuthediilndgin gis. spacing and dguidelinesesiuCgsonendtoeafmspesoxurbiassrt yiweretnsugitdeappropriatedinsogiod mrcreatedinasgt,eairntidaslhswo, uisnl uddtoch boscaleew amaintainsi.mTi-l1a -rof11in, vichthenayrl ,athe ctodormersremr etappropriateotatlhsoisdei nandugssehdoh uminimizeilsdt onscaleroitcablley u( asofpepd r .theothevaIfl ievisual scdormersmo-afdreienodn impact.lay casi dsandien-gbyis- F. Windows: Rausteido.as sFuobrstiatdutdeappropriateitsidoinnsg, oitnshaoupldr ibscalemeasrimyilaf rofaiçan chdtheea,ra uctdormersser ato sthoolisde -andutsoe-dvoh minimizeisdto(rwicaalllys-(taopp- rwtheoivandl oivisualswmsadaendon impact.da ocaosres-)byr-a t io F. Windows: minimizeRacatsieob. asFiso).r theaddDormer ivisualtions on impact. aadditionsprimar yDormerf ashouldçade, uadditionss ebea subordinatesolid-t oshould-void (w to abell sthe- tsubordinateo- woverallindows aroofnd tod o massingothers) ratio similar to thHe. oRcarosigoeifbnaFsliosca)r.mb.in DrDormereastigion.theGer onadditionsoefraflolrym, gtolabse sshouldcaormepaastibil nebeweix tsubordinatehcetshse orfigi3n3al%cabo ifton at nhthedecot nooverallstiastlewntalwli taroofhrepraimw amassingrilyl rnoooft be similar to thHe. oRroigoifnaFlocarmb.in randatio .inG scaleeneral lywith, glas thes ar ehistoricas in exc dormeress of 33 if% theyof th eexist.total wall area will not be compatible wioverallthftohrmeshii nsroofttohreica rmassingcaeDae.bsiiGngasnb.tlehEsexa rceandnodopfhtifip oinrnrmsoo: ftscalePosowbrecrhcee owithsmcopemanmtcibolnol elthesyewudisthe wdhistorictithohen gtohrlaeigsimsnaa wlidormerncainvdboilonuwmasendof cifotnh setheyiscatebnitn swexist.,itahndprsihmeadryorrohoipf compatible with the historic caandbins .inE xscaleceptio nwiths: Por cthehes historicenclosed wdormerith glass wifi ntheydows exist. G. Materials. Serfloeorcmftss awinemrteahetceaorrmieamal.,onsGluyachbulseeasdsanwfdoorhoidp,orrtochohafests wiasenrdceoscmmopmaalmltoiebnnllyteruawsnecitdehohntohotedhseh. misaStionereviocgluummidaeetloienfreistahlefsocarofbriotnohsf,eafonodrrimgshsineaidnl ob“rNuhieliwdping. G. Materials. SeCrlooeoncfststrauwctemrieaont,ce”orSmieam1)cl,otinsolunychVScaleu.seads wfoo r–od pAdd,ortchhaets dormersiasndcosmmpaalltie bnthatlterawnci tearehhtoho edinsh. iscalesStoereicg umwithidaetlienre isathelfsoro foriginalrotohfe foorrimgsi ndormerainl b“Nuielwdin g. Contemporary1)sCi doScaleinnsgtrumctait o–en,r ”iAddaSles1)c,tiso undormerschVScale. as T -–1- 1Addthat1, vin ydormersarel, or inme scaleta lthatsid iwithn garesh ointheuld scale noriginalot b ewithused dormer.theIf originaleco- f(ifrie npresent).d dormerly siding is ContemporarIy. sDidoinrgmemrast.erTiraaldsi,tisouncha(iflly ad spresent).orTm-e1r-s1w1,ervien s yml,allorin msceatlealansdiduisnegdsahsoaulwdaynoft crbeautisnegda.ddIefd sepcaoc-eftroietnhdelyintseirdioinrg is used as subsIt.ituDtoersmideirnsg., iTtrsahdiotuiolndalblyedsoirmmielarsr winerche samralctl inersctaoletahnodsueseudseads ahiwsatyoroifcacrlleyat(ianpgpardodvaedl sispamceadtoe tohne aintcaersioer-by- used as subst2)ituw tietDamagehsoiudtinbgu,ilditin sgtohaonu roofladd(ifdbitei osframingpresent).niaml islatorryin. chT –ha er sDesignaectgeuirdetloinet shnewowseereu dormersscreedatheidsttoorim catoailnl typreservea(inaptphreoavapplr iothesprmiaat deoriginalescaonleaocaf ts hee-by- case basis). dwoitrhmoeurts baunidldminignim2)anizeadtLossdhietivoinsaul aoflsitmo rpOriginalya.ct.TDheosremegr uFabriciaddedliinteiosnsw se–hr eoDesignulcrd ebaetesdubto ornewdminaaitnet adormerstion tthheeoavepprar lothatlprroiaotfe mminimizesacassliengoafndthien case basis). 2) Loss of Original Fabric – Design new dormers that minimize H. Roof Form. sdDcaoraftersrelmeseiwgrisnthatntdhh easmhirni soimuchmtooifzreicftoddamagehroerm mvasiestur oapossible.ilfbitmeh petoacycote m.xtheipDsato.tr mioriginalbelreawdditithiont shbuildingsehoourldigbineaslu bfabric.caorbdiinataendto cthoensoivestrealnltrowofitmhaspsrinimg anrdy inroof H. Roof Form. sDcaelesiwginthtthhe hrisotoofricfoddamagerormmetroifbteh etocyoe mxtheipsat.t ioriginalble with t hbuildinge original fabric.cabin and consistent with primary roof forms in the 3)ar1e )aDesign. SGcaaleb.leAsd –dan dDesign3)dormheiprDesignsrtohoa tfnewsarwe ein–r sdormerse caDesigncleomwimthotnh lnewy easours igesubordinatei dndormersalodnortmheer (mif aaspinre elementssubordinatesveonltu)m. e of t hofe caelementsa broof,ins, a nandd ofsh e ad roof,or hip rfoormfss winertehecaorm21e)m)a.oLSnoGcalsyaslebou.lfseAOesddrdaigndifn3)dooarrlmhFeiaprbDesignsorrrtioch.oahtfDesasersweiga einn–rdnse ecaDesignwsclmeodmowarlimtlheoertnsnh lnewytehrouartsnigecmi dneidormersanliomhdniozrotemdhdesear.m(maif gaasSepinrete eosubordinatesvetohngletuu)mi.odreeiglioinnfael stbhuiefldo icaelementsrngbrfioanbosrf,ic.afnodr mofshse aidn roof,o“rNheiwp 2)compatibleLoss of Origina lwithFabandric. the Dcompatibleesi gstylen new d oandrme rwith smaterialsthat theminim styleize dofam aandthege to existingmaterialsthe original broof. uofildi ntheg fab existingric. roof. Crooonfsstruwcterieon,c”oSm3em)cotDinoelnysigVun..seDdesifgonrnepwandodrocrhm ecompatibleesrs aansdsubsomrdailnla tewithenetlreman ethecnets oh fstyleoaodroso.f ,andaSndeec materialsomgpuaidtiebleinweisth offtoh rethesrtyol oeexistingfanfdomramtesri airoof.nls o“fNew Construction,” S3e)cttDihoeensiegVxn.i.stDinegsirgononf.ew dormers as subordinate elements of a roof, and compatible with the style and materials of . T4)ra dSetbacksitionally do r–m4) ersSetbackswere small –in scale and used as a way of creating added space to the interior I. Dormers 4) Stheetbeaxckistsi.ng r4)oof. Setbacks – I. Dormers. Traditionally dormers were small in scale and used as a way of creating added sLocatepLaocaetetn oenewwtdhoer dormersmienrtseartior without building4)• an•SeatDormerdbDdaockirtmiso.enraslhso utshouldlodr•bye. seDormerTtbh abeecske asetgmuini dishouldbackmeulmineosf atwh rebeeree fecreteated to maintain the apprLocateopriate newscal edormersof the • Dormer should be atlLe oleastacsatte3 nf et3w. f dft.romr mfromtehres at the without building an• adfDdroiortmmioetnrhaeslhtsooutplodprlbyaet. eseoTtfbhtaehcsekepaegmruiimnidiemetuelmirnweosaflltwhmreeeraeesufrecreedteated to maintain the appropriate scale of the dormers and minimize the visual impact.setDo rbackmer a dad minimumitions should be subordinate to the overaatll rlre ileastdaosgotefl3inmef t3.af sft.rsomi nfromgtheand thein dormers and minimizeminimumtfhroemvtishueatloipm ppoflatce tthree.ofDtoherm pfeeterrimaed tfromderitwioanlls mthesehaosu rleddbe subordinate to the overaridgelinell roof massing and in scale with the historic bdyotrhmeerrafitferthrueny. exsetist .back a minimum ridgeline by the rafter run. of three feet from ridgeline scale with the histo•rictopLdoocar mtplateeerniefw tofhdeo yrthemeexofris sperimeter tthree.lower tfeethan walltfromhe p ri mary 1) Scale. Add dor•merrLsiodcagtehtleaintenaaerwmeiinndimosurcamethelorefs wa illottopewhasetrh 1platee2thovearnrigtiica tnofhalelin dcpohrreims,aeroryr (if present). 1) Scale. Add dormers that are in scale with the original dormer (if present). 2) Loss of Original Fmeasuredaarbitdrgliecea.lisntDe3easfmiegie nnbytimnfure mothewmtheodftoha rerafter mltoperaiedsrgtse 1plate2ta hsrun.veamtretmaica sofiunlrieimn dcihzbeeys,tdhoaermage to the original building fabric. the perimeter wall 32) DLoesssigonf. ODreisgign• nalnFeLocateawrabatrdfliteocear.rsmtrDue3en rnew.ssfiegaenst nfs reudormersowbmodrtodhreinmraiedtrgese loweretalhseammtemanst iunsriemodfizbaey rtdohaeomf,agaendtocotmhepaotriibglienawlibtSethuSilte dthdormersiednogrsmtfeyarlbserata ic.atnleda sleasttm3aftte. 3ri aft.ls of rafter run. the perimeter wall Set dormers at least 3 ft. 3) tDheesiegxni.stDinegs5i)rgonoPnift.ecwh dormers as submeasuredordinate ele mbyen tthes of a roof, and compatible witSethbta chdormerskefrsotmypleria matnedt eleastrmwaatlle 3ri aft.ls of 5) Pitch backback fromfrom p eperimeterrimeter wall wall the existing roo•f.thanShed dtheorme rprimarys: pitchmeasuredof n oridgelineless than by3” i nathe1 2”. PerimeterPerimeter wallwall backmeas ufromred by perimeterthe rafter ru nwall. 4) Setbacks. • Shed dormers: pitchrafterof no le srun.s than 3” in 12”. Perimeter wall measured by the rafter run. 4) Setbacks. • Generally, gable or hip dormers will have the same Perimeter wall Locate new dormers at minimum of arafter least run.12 vertical Locate new dormers at • Dormer sh•ouldpGietbncehrasslelytt,hbegaamcbakl•einaorromohLocatefip.nidmourmer osnewfwtilhl rh eadormersvee ftehe tsame least 3 ft. from the • Dormer should be setback a minimum of three feet from th6e) tWopidptplhiattc–heAavosofitdhtehxemtae•pinendrriniomgoLocatefet.hteerdowrmal elnewrmtheeasf udormerslrl ewdidtbhyof t he roof. Generally, rleidasgtel3ineft. from the inches, or at leastlower 3w feet athanll from the primary the ridgeline a minimum of a least 12 tfhroemratfh6te)erttWorhpuiednpdt.lhoart–meAevroofwiditdehtxhetsephneodruinildmg betheteenrdoomrmoreermtthheaeansf½ulrol efwditdhtbehyoovfertahlel rrooooff.wiGdetnhe. rTalwlyo, ridWgeline lower than the primary ridgeline a minimum of aW least 12 the rafterstrhmuearidgenldl. odromrmer easrwsid otmeasurednhtshheousladmbeeenleo vabymtoiro enthetcahann orafter½ftoefn tbhee arun.ovseuritaallbrleooafltweirdntaht.iveTwto ½ W • Locate new dormers lower thanverticalthe prim inches,ary ridge lorine at least 3 feet from the ridge as measured small dormers on the samverticale elevation inches,can often bore a atsui tleastable al t3er nfeetative tfromo the ridge½ Was measured • Locat5)e nePitchwondeolrarm g–erdsorlmowere. r than the primary ridgeline a minim7u)m Hoonefeiglahartlge–eaMdsotinrmi1m2eirz.evetrhteichabyeligihn tthechofes trafter,heordoartm elrun.ersa.stTh3e recommended dormer a minimum of a least 12 verticabyl in theches rafter, or at lrun.east 3 feet fr7o)m• thHheeieShedigghhrttid(–gmMee aidormers:ans5)siumrmiezdeaPitchftsrhuoemrheedt ihpitchg be–hyt totpfhet phoflraetae dfnootorefmr etlessrhsue.n.dT ohthanremerrecto om3”mth eeinndme da12”.indorromoefr) 5) Pitchfeet from tshheoieguhlrdtidb(gemeenaoas5)smuromerde aPitchtfshrauonmre4dt0h %be–yo tfotpthhepelrahtaeefigthoeftrotrfhuetnh.deocarmbeinr mtoeatshureedmafirnomrotohfe) Set dormers at least 3 ft. Set dormers at least 3 ft. 5) Pitch • sihlloGenerally,utoldtbhe ntopmpolartee •t.gablehan 4Shed0% orof thipdormers:he he idormersght of t hpitche ca willbin ofme havea nosure dless ftherom than tsamehe 3” pitch inba c12”.k fasrom the peri mmaineter w aroof.ll • Shed dormers: pitch of no•less Shedthan 3 ”dormers:in 12”. pitch of no less than 3” inba c12”.k from perimeter wall • Shed6)do8 r)WidthmFseiilrnlsits:ohpetisht e-c–thR oeAvoidpolafptleantonee•.lwes dextendingsorGenerally,tmhearnw3in”doinws1 2ttheo” .gablethe dormerwind oorws ahipn dthed oPedormersor risfullminetteh widthrewma alwilliln of have themea stheroof.ured sameb yGenerally,the rpitchafter r uasn . • General8ly) , bFgoiandibsyhleoefsot-hrReehclaiptbeindnieo•nwrtmhdeoerGenerally,rcmhsearwawcilitlnedrho,awpvsreotpo otgablerthhteionws,iandnm doorewdse sahipingdn.d oFPedormersoinririssmhinettthehereswmida aelwillilns havemea stheured sameby the rpitchafter r uasn. • Generally, gable or hip dormers will have the same pitch as tthehobefomd tydormerhaeoinfdtrohroemofecra.sb iwidthtnoineitthheetherc hshouldmaarta mainchtetrh, ep rbew oroof.aplol rnottrioena ,tmoremanedntdeosf igthantnh.e Fbiuni ils½dhint ghofeans dithed/eors overall roof width. Two pitch as thoefmthaeindroromofer.s to eithether mat mainch the w roof.all treatment of the building and/or 6) Width – Avoid tehxeteenxdisitningg t6)rhoeofdWidthmoramteeriralt. h–eT Avoidrfimullnwewid tdextendinghormofertshuesirnogo tftheh.e Gs aemnertaylplye, of Dormer width should be no more smallthe ex dormersisting roof m onater itheal. T samerim new elevationdormers usin gcanthe oftensame ty pe of ½ W 6) tWhieddthor–mAevrowididdetexhttaseilhnsodauisnldgonbt6)hethenedocaWidthomrbmoinreeorrtth eh–xaein sAvoidtf½iunlgol fdwoitrdhm teextendingehroov(fie.ert.ahelelxprrooosooef dfthe.wraiGdf tetenhre. reTandlwlsyo,, roof tDhoarnmerowf itdhteh osvheorualldl rboeonfowmidotrhe. ½ W the dormer widfdtoehrtmasi)lhs. oausldonbethneocadormermboinreorthexa ithenst½ing ofullfdotrhm eewidthrov(ie.er.ael lxofproos oethefd wrai dfroof.ttehr. eTn dw so, roof than of the o½veraWll roof width. small dormersbeofon ramt h)suitable.e same e lealternativedormervation ca ntheof tto efulln onebe widtha largesuita bof ledormer. athelter roof.native to small doJrm. eFrosuonndatthieons.amDesieglneGenerally,tvahetifoonuncadantioonf httheeinghbt dormeretoaasligunitwaib twidthlhetahleteori ngaintailvecabtion. Refer to the guideli½nesWin the “New one largJe7).doF romHeightuenrd.ation .–D Minimizeesign the found athetion hheighteight to a lofign wtheith tdormers.he original ca bin. Refer to the guidelines in the “New one large doFromunedra.tions” under theGenerally,“Rehabilitation, Stheect iodormern III.” width 7) Height – MFinoiumndizaetiotnhs”eunhdeeirghthteshouldo“Rfethhabeilidt aobetriomn e,noSrse.ct moreioTnhIeIIr .”ethancomm ½en dofed thedor mer 7) Height – MinTheimize trecommendedhe height shouldof the d odormerberm enors. more Theighthe r ethanco m(measuredm ½en dofed thedor mer height (measured from the toverallop plate roofof th ewidth.dorme r Twoto th smalle main roof) shheoiguhldt b(emenaosfrommuroerde tf hrtheaonm4 ttop0h%e o tfplateoverallopthpelah teofeig roofhotheft otfh dormerewidth.thdeocarmbei nr Twotomtoe athetshu smallree maindmafirno mr otohfe) should be no more than 40% ofdormersthe heigh tonof thethe samecabin m elevationeasured fro mcanthe sill to the toproofplate ). should bedormers no more on thanthe same 40% elevation of the can 8) Fsiilnlitsohetshe- tRoeplaptleatnee.w dormer woftenindows beto tah esuitablewindows aalternativend doors in t htoe m ain 8) Finishes - Relheightate new dofor mcabiner woftenin dmeasuredows beto tah esuitablew fromindows the aalternativend dsilloor stoin thet htoe m ain body of the cabin in the characoneter, plargeropor tdormer.ion, and d esig1n0. Finish the sides body of the cabin in the characoneter, plargeropor tdormer.ion, and d esign. Finish the sides of the dormetoprs to plate.either 7)matcHeighth the wa –ll tMinimizereatment of thet1h0e heightbuilding aofnd /or of the dormers to either match the wall treatment of the building and/or the existing roof materia7)l. THeightrim new –d Minimizeormers using thethe heightsame t yofpe of DormerDorm ewidthr widt shouldh shoul dbeb enono moremore the exist8)ing Finishesroof mate r–ia lRelate. Ttherim dormers.newnew d dormerorme rThes u swindows inrecommendedg the sam toe ttheype of Dormer width should be details as on the cabin or extheistin gdormers.dormer (i . eThe. exp recommendedosed rafter ends, roof thanDormertD ho1/2arnm ½ewidthofro wftheitdht eshouldoverallh osvheorual ld lberoofrbo enoonf owidth. wmoremidotrhe. fdoertmai)l.s as onwindowsthe cabin oandr ex dormeridoorssting d oinr heightm theer (i .maine .(measuredexp obodysed ra fof tfrome rtheen d s, roof thantno h1/2an more ½ofo fthet hthan eoverallover a1/2l lroofroo off width.w ithedth. form). dormer height (measured from J. Foundation. Decabinsign th ine f theound acharacter,tion height tproportion,o align with th ande ori gdesign.inal cabi n. Refer to toverallhe guide rooflines widthin the “New J. Foundation. Design the foundation height to align with the orig-in 16al c a-bin. Refer to the guidelines in the “New Foundations” under the “Rehabilitation, Section III.” - 16 - Foundations” under the “Rehabilitation, Section III.” – 25 –

10 10 Finish the sides of the dormers to either match the wall treatment of the building and/or the existing roof material. Trim new dormers using the same type of details as on the cabin or existing dormer (i.e. exposed rafter ends, roof form).

K. Foundation. Design the foundation height to align with the original cabin. Refer to the guidelines in the “New Foundations” under the “Rehabilitation, Section III.”

– 26 – VI. Replacement Buildings: Compatible Designs

A new recreation residence should complement and be compatible with the existing patterns and styles of the existing buildings in the residential tract. This does not mean replicating a neighboring historic cabin or designing a structure that creates a false sense of history. Use compatible size, proportions, materials, styles, and designs to help the new dwelling blend in with landscape and other recreation residences in the development. New Construction Principals

A. General Guidelines. These general guidelines shall be used when designing new cabins.

1) Bulk – Design the new residence so the bulk (size, mass, and/or volume) is compatible with and complements the surrounding setting, site, landscape features, and buildings. The bulk of the existing historic cabins are generally simple in form. Common building volumes include rectangles, or L-or T-shapes. 2) Scale – Design the proportionality of the new dwelling’s height and bulk to complement features and elements in the surrounding forest. Construct new buildings to reinforce a sense of human scale by adding one-story porches with gable or shed roofs. The number of windows and doors also help convey a human scale. Maintain the small scale of the buildings. 3) Materials – Choose materials that are consistent with the wooded environment and historic Rustic style architecture. Rustic style materials and finishes include wood, brick, stone, and concrete (foundations only). Match the texture of the materials to the scale of the setting. 4) Width – Design the proportion of the new building to be compatible with the average width and massing of the historic buildings in the tract. If a building is wider, the front façade should be broken up into narrower bays that reflect the common historic widths or forms.

– 27 – panes; often the wood deck railings help break up expanses of glass (see Section D-3. Below).

C. Roof Design 1) Roof Form – Keep new roof forms consistent with the shapes traditionally used in the recreation tracts. Visually, the roof form is the single most important element in the overall building 5) Windows and Doors – Reduce the amount of visible glass and reflection form. Gables, intersecting gables, and gables with lower gable, by breaking up large spans of windows using smaller panes; often the wood hip or shed extensions are commonly seen. Forms such as flat deck railings helpor gambrel break uproofs expanses were not of commonlyglass (see Section built and D-3. are Below).not preferred roof forms except when appropriate within the context. B. Roof Design2) Roof Materials – Choose roofing material consistent with the Rustic style, the forest setting, and other cabins in the tract. 1) Roof Form – Composition,Keep new roof shingles, forms consistent simulated with shingles, the shapes or metal traditionally may be used in the recreationappropriate. tracts. Visually, the roof form is the single most important3) elementRoof Pitchin the – overall Design building form.the Gables, pitch ofintersecting the main gables, and gablesroof withwith alower minimum 5” gable, hip or shedrise toextensions 12” run (5/12). are commonly seen.Moderate Forms tosuch high as pitch flat or gambrelroofs roofs are wererecommended. not commonly4) builtDormers and are – notSee design preferred roofguidelines forms except for dormerswhen under “Additions, appropriate within the context. Section IV-I.” Examples of roof pitches consistent 2) Roof Materials – Choose roofing Exampleswith ofhistoric roof roofpitches pitches consistent 5) Chimneys – with historic roof pitches material consistent• Install with Forest the Service approved spark arresters on all Rustic style, the forestchimneys. setting, and other cabins in• theLine tract. new Asphalt flue withcomposition firebrick shingles,or flue tiles. wood shingles, or simulated shingles• Finish (textured exterior metal, of newrubber chimney or fiberglass) with brick, may rock, be appropriate. or other 3) Roof Pitch – Designmaterials the pitch that ofare the compatible main roof with with texture a minimum and color 5” rise of the to 12” run (5/12). Moderatehistoric chimneys. to high pitch roofs are recommended. 4) Dormers – See• designInstall guidelines U.L. listed for factory dormers built under chimneys “Additions, in accordance Section IV-I.” with 5) Chimneys – the listing and code. • Install Forest• AvoidService white approved mortar spark mixture; arresters off-white, on all graychimneys. and tan • Line new fluemortars with firebrick are preferred. or flue tiles.

• Finish exterior of new chimney with brick, rock, or other materials that are compatible with texture and color- 19 of - the historic chimneys. • Install U.L. listed factory built chimneys in accordance with the listing and code. • Avoid white mortar mixture; off-white, gray and tan mortars are preferred.

– 28 – 4) Chimneys. • Install Forest Service approved spark arresters on all chimneys. • Line new flue with firebrick or flue tiles. • Finish exterior of new chimney with brick, rock, or other materials that is compatible in texture and color with the historic chimneys. D. Windows.

• Install U.L. listed factory built chimneys in accordance with the listing and code. • Avoid white mortar mixture; off-1)whitPreferrede, grays, an Typed tans –m Installortars amulti-pane,re preferred .double-hung or casement D. Windows. C. Windowswindows,. grouped or single, or double-hung windows. 1) Preferred Type. Install multi-pane, douTheseble-hu nwindowg or cas etypesment werewindo wuseds, gr historically.ouped or sin g lWoode, or d windowsouble-hung 1) Preferred Type – Install multi-pane, double-hung or casement windows, windows. These window types were useared hpreferredistorically .butW vinyl,ood wi nextrudeddows are aluminumpreferred bwithut vi an ybakedl, extr uded grouped or single, or double-hung windows. These window types were used aluminum with a baked enamel finish, orenamelother t finish,ypes of wori ndotherows atypesre all oofw edwindowsin new coarens tralloweduction. inSn ap-in muntins in new windows are not recommehistorically.nded. Wood windows are preferred but vinyl, extruded aluminum withnew a bakedconstruction. enamel finish, Snap-in or other muntins types ofin windowsnew windows are allowed are in not new 2) Size. Keep the proportions and pattern orecommended.f window opening s similar to original cabins. Generally, the height of the window should be twice the widthconstruction.with the ex Snap-inception muntinsof band sino newf windows are not recommended. 2) Size – Keep the proportions windows. 2) Size – Keep the proportions 3) Rhythm. Keep the rhythm of solids (waandllands) apatternn dpatternvoid ofs (windowofwin windowdows openingsand door s) consistent with the dominant pattern ssimilareopeningst in t htoe originalre similarsiden tcabins.ia ltotr originala ct. Onl y one row of windows are allowed on theGenerally,fcabins.irst flo o theGenerally,r a nheightd in t ofhe thethega ble end with dwellings that have front-facing gabwindowlheightes. should of the be window twice the should width 4) Shape. Avoid using large “picture withwbeind twiceothews ”exception other w widthin dofo wbandss withth aof t are Yes No “irregular” in shape. windows. KeepKee traditionalp traditiona window-to-walll window-to-wall raratiostios the exception of bands of Keep traditional window-to-wall ratios 5) Window Trim – Match the window ca3)s iRhythmngs, shu –tt Keepers, athend rhythmother o ofut side inin primaryprimary ffacadesacades ooff nnewew bbuildingsuildings. windows. trim with the main structure and the envsolidsironm (walls)ent. and voids (windows in primary facades of new buildings 6) Shutters – Avoid adding non-function3)al dandeRhythmco rdoors)ative sconsistent–h uKeeptters the with rhythm the E. Doors dominantof solids pattern (walls) set andin the voids residential (windows tract. One and rowdoors) of windows consistent is allowed 1) Opening. Keep the proportions and patteonrwithn theof dfirsttheoor dominantofloorpenin gands s i minpattern ilather t ogable hsetis t oendinric the cawithb residentiali nsdwellings. that tract. have Onefront-facing row 2) Preferred: Single doors that have multi-gables.pofane windowss, or doors isw iallowedth single oonr m theulti -firstpane wfloorindow s andabo vine athelow egabler woo denden panel. 4) Shapewith –dwellings Avoid using that large have “picture front-facing windows” orgables. windows that are “irregular” 3) Type. Avoid using unfinished aluminu4)m sinliShaped shape.ing “p a–t iAvoido” doo rusings. Ins largetall Fr “pictureench doo rwindows”s or multi-p aorne windowssliding do othatrs instead of “patio doors.” 5) Windoware “irregular” Trim – Match in shape. the window casings, shutters, and other outside trim F. Exterior Siding 5) withWindow the main Trim structure – Match and thethe environment. window casings, shutters, and other 1) Compatibility. Select siding mater6)ia l Shutterstoutsidehat is – c trimAvoidompa witht iaddingble thewi tnon-functional hmainthe structurehistori cdecorativem andater theial sshutters. environment.These mater ials strengthen and complement the surro6)undiShuttersng setting –. Avoid adding non-functional decorative shutters 2) Substitute Siding. Use only synthD.e tDoorsic or s ubstitute materials if they are similar in character to those used historically. E. 1)Doors Opening – Keep the proportions and pattern of door openings similar to G. Architectural Details historic cabins. 1) Details. Ensure that details complement the details and style of the neighboring historic cabins. 2)1) PreferredOpening – Single– Keep doors the that proportions have multi-panes, and pattern or doors of withdoor single openings or 2) Blend. Architectural elements such as eave details, window trim, and window type help buildings blend in with multi-panesimilar to windows historic above cabins. a lower wooden panel. surrounding landscape and other recreational residences. 3)2) TypePreferred – Unfinished – Single aluminum doors thatsliding have “patio” multi-panes, doors are not or permitted. doors with Install H. Porches Frenchsingle doors or multi-pane or multi-pane windows sliding doors above instead a lower of “patio wooden doors.” panel. 1) Scale. Integrate front porches into3)theTypedesig n– oAvoidf new cusingabin u sunfinisheding material saluminumand propor tslidingions co n“patio”sistent wdoors.ith the other cabins. 2) Roof Type. Gable or hip roof porch designInstalls are c oFrenchmmon t hdoorse cabi nors d multi-paneesigns. sliding doors instead of “patio doors.” 3) Windows. Divide large panes of windows enclosing porches with divided– 29lig h–ts that break up the expanses of windows. I. Footings (see Operation and Maintenance Plan for more details) 1) Footing. Build footings under all foundations walls or piers to properly -d i20str i-bute loads. 2) Material. Construct of plain or reinforced masonry. 3) Height. Extend footings below prevailing frost line but not less than 12 inches below finished grade unless set on solid rock.

12 E. Exterior Siding

1) Compatibility – Select siding material that is compatible with the historic materials. These materials strengthen and complement the surrounding setting. 2) Substitute Siding – Use only synthetic or substitute materials if they are similar in character to those used historically.

H. Architectural Details

1) Details – Ensure that details complement the details and style of the neighboring historic cabins. 2) Blend – Architectural elements such as eave details, window trim, and window type help buildings blend in with surrounding landscape and other recreational residences.

G. Porches

1) Scale – Integrate front porches into the design of new cabin using materials and proportions consistent with the other cabins. 2) Roof Type – Gable or hip roof porch designs are common the cabins designs. 3) Windows – Divide large panes of windows enclosing porches with divided lights that break up the expanses of windows.

H. Footings (see Operation and Maintenance Plan for more details)

1) Footing – Build footings under all foundations walls or piers to properly distribute loads. 2) Material – Construct of plain or reinforced masonry. 3) Height – Extend footings below prevailing frost line but not less than 12 inches below finished grade unless set on solid rock.

I. Foundation (see Operation and Maintenance Plan for more details)

1) Height – Build foundation walls or piers of masonry or poured concrete at a minimum of 8 inches above finished grade. 2) Material – Construct foundation of concrete or rock (preferred over concrete block unless covered). Small concrete blocks, lightweight aggregate blocks, – 30 – split face block, and similar materials in mute tan, gray, green, and charcoal are acceptable in appropriate combination with wood. Do not use white or bright colored mortar. 3) Vents – Install vented curtain or foundation wall between the finished grade and the ground level. 4) Walls – Curtain walls may be: • Vented closed construction, or • Footing supported masonry, or • Wood construction protected from contact with the ground. 5) Clearance – Adjust for additional clearance or facing with fireproof material to guard against ignition from ground fires. Provide for clearance of not less than 18 inches and not more than 48 inches between bottom of joists and ground level.

– 31 – APPENDIX A Glossary

Alteration – Any exterior change or modification to the character defining or significant physical features of a building or auxiliary structure.

Asymmetrical – Not symmetrical (off-center).

Board-and batten siding – Vertical siding made up of alternating wide and narrower boards that cover the joints of the boards.

Bulk – The three-dimensional size or mass of a building. Vertical board and batten siding Casement window – A window that is hinged on the side.

Character-defining features/ Architectural details – The elements embodying the style or components of an improvement including the kind and texture of the building materials, and the type and style of windows, doors, and other details. Casement Window Lap siding or weatherboard – Narrow boards applied horizontally to an exterior wall, each of which overlaps the one below it to create a continuous skin over the wooden frame. There are lots of different pattern of for complete explanation.

Compatibility – Compatible in massing, size, scale, bulk and architectural details and materials.

Corner board – A vertical board at the corner of a wood-frame building into which the siding abuts.

– 32 – Demolition – Any act or process that destroys in part or in whole an individual building or structure.

Design Guidelines – A document illustrating appropriate and inappropriate methods of rehabilitation and new construction that aid in designing and decision- making with regard to retaining the integrity of scale, design, intent, materials, feelings, patterns, and historical character of a historic building or structure.

Dormer – A roofed structure with a vertical window (or windows) that projects from a pitched roof.

Dormers

Double-hung sash window – A window with two vertical sliding sashes, each closing half of the window opening.

Eave – The lower part of a roof that projects beyond, and generally overhangs, the wall.

Ell – A wing or addition Double-hung extended at a right angle from window the principal dimension of building, resulting in an “L” shaped plan.

Facade – The exterior front face of a building. Eave, showing ornamented rafter-tail and framing Facade, or the front entry side details of a building

– 33 – Foundation – The part of the structure that has direct contact with the ground and supports the load of the structure to the earth. The footing is at the base of the foundation.

French door – Two doors composed of small panes of glass between the muntins.

Foundation types including A: perimeter foundation and B: post and pier

Gable roof – An inverted “V”-shaped roof of varying pitches divided into eaves and French doors gable ends. Gable roof

Hardscape – Outdoor elements such as walks, garden walls, fireplaces, etc.

Hipped roof – A roof formed by four pitched roof surfaces; the roof planes slope toward the eaves on all sides of the building.

Improvement – Any building, structure, fence, gate, tree, wall, or other specified object constituting a Hip roof historical physical feature of real property, or any part of such feature.

In-kind – Replacement of building components to match the original component in material, size, profile, texture, and color.

Light – A pane of glass installed in a window sash.

– 34 – Loft – An undivided portion of the attic made available for sleeping. It usually has half or knee walls and sometimes dormers or side windows.

Masonry – Stone, concrete block or brick.

Mass – Combination of masses that create a building volume; organization of the shapes of a building.

Mortar – A mixture of plaster, cement, and/ or lime with fine aggregate and water used for pointing or repointing masonry. Masonry, showing bricks arranged in a running bond pattern Mullion – A vertical member of a window or door that divides and supports panes.

Muntin – One of the vertical or horizontal members separating and encasing panes of glass in a window.

Pane – A flat sheet of glass cut to size for glazing use in a window; also called a light.

Pitch roof – The degree of a roof slope; usually expressed as a ratio of vertical rise to horizontal run (inches vertical in 12 inches horizontal). Elements of a double-hung window sash, including light (or pane), mullions and Preservation – Retention of historic muntins material through conservation, maintenance and repair. It reflects a building’s continuum over time and the respectful changes and alterations that are made.

Proportion – The relation of one dimension to another.

– 35 – Rafter – The sloping wooden roof-frame member that extends from the ridge to the eaves and that establishes the pitch.

Reconstruction – Re-creates a non- surviving site, landscape, building, structure, or object in all new materials. Based on physical or graphic images, and historical research.

Rehabilitation – The retention and repair Framing elements, including rafters, of historic materials, but more latitude ceiling joists, studs, and plate. is provided for replacement because it is assumed the property is more deteriorated prior to work.

Repointing or pointing – The treatment of masonry joints filling with quality mortar.

Restoration – The retention of materials from the most significant time in a property’s history, while permitting the removal of materials from other periods.

Rhythm – The repeated pattern of building elements such as doors and windows.

Ridge – Horizontal line formed by the juncture of the upper edges of two sloping roof planes.

Sash – The movable framework holding the glass in a window.

Scale – The relationship between the apparent size of a human being.

Secretary of the Interior Standards for Rehabilitation – The guidelines prepared by the National Park Service for Rehabilitating Historic Buildings (Appendix B).

Shed roof – A single-pitched roof over a small room; often attached to a main structure. Shed roof – 36 – Shutter – An external movable screen or door used to cover a wall opening, especially a window; originally for security purposes; often confused with louvered blinds.

Shutters, showing ornamental shutters

Siding – Exterior covering of a structure.

Skylight – A glazed opening in a roof plane that admits light.

Symmetrical – A similarity of form or arrangement on either side of a dividing line.

Horizontal siding—can be lap, bevel or clapboard

– 37 – APPENDIX B Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation

The following Standards are to be applied to specific rehabilitation projects in a reasonable manner, taking into consideration economic and technical feasibility.

1. A property shall be used for its historic purpose or be placed in a new use that requires minimal change to the defining characteristics of the building and its site and environment.

2. The historic character of a property shall be retained and preserved. The removal of historical materials or alteration of features and spaces that characterize a property shall be avoided.

3. Each property shall be recognized as a physical record of its time, place, and use. Changes that create a false sense of historical development, such as adding conjectural features or architectural elements from other buildings, shall not be undertaken.

4. Most properties change over time; those changes that have acquired historic significance in their own right shall be retained and preserved.

5. Distinctive features, finishes, and construction techniques or examples of craftsmanship that characterize a historic property shall be preserved.

6. Deteriorated historic features shall be repaired rather than replaced. Where the severity of deterioration requires replacement of a distinctive feature, the new feature shall match the old in design, color, texture, and other visual qualities and, where possible, materials. Replacement of missing features shall be substantiated by documentary, physical, or pictorial evidence.

7. Chemical or physical treatments, such as sandblasting, that cause damage to historic materials shall not be used. The surface cleaning of structures, if appropriate, shall be undertaken using the gentlest means possible.

8. Significant archaeological resources affected by a project shall be protected – 38 – and preserved. If such resources must be disturbed, mitigation measures shall be undertaken.

9. New additions, exterior alterations, or related new construction shall not destroy historic materials that characterize the property. The new work shall be differentiated from the old and shall be compatible with the massing, size, scale, and architectural features to protect the historic integrity of the property and its environment.

10. New additions and adjacent or related new construction shall be undertaken in such a manner that if removed in the future, the essential form and integrity of the historic property and its environment would be unimpaired.

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