PROGRAM OCCASIONAL PAPER SERIES Winter 2012
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Women and Participation in the Arab Uprisings: a Struggle for Justice
Distr. LIMITED E/ESCWA/SDD/2013/Technical Paper.13 26 December 2013 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMISSION FOR WESTERN ASIA (ESCWA) WOMEN AND PARTICIPATION IN THE ARAB UPRISINGS: A STRUGGLE FOR JUSTICE New York, 2013 13-0381 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This paper constitutes part of the research conducted by the Social Participatory Development Section within the Social Development Division to advocate the principles of social justice, participation and citizenship. Specifically, the paper discusses the pivotal role of women in the democratic movements that swept the region three years ago and the challenges they faced in the process. The paper argues that the increased participation of women and their commendable struggle against gender-based injustices have not yet translated into greater freedoms or increased political participation. More critically, in a region dominated by a patriarchal mindset, violence against women has become a means to an end and a tool to exercise control over society. If the demands for bread, freedom and social justice are not linked to discourses aimed at achieving gender justice, the goals of the Arab revolutions will remain elusive. This paper was co-authored by Ms. Dina Tannir, Social Affairs Officer, and Ms. Vivienne Badaan, Research Assistant, and has benefited from the overall guidance and comments of Ms. Maha Yahya, Chief, Social Participatory Development Section. iii iv CONTENTS Page Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................... iii Chapter I. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 1 II. GENDERING ARAB REVOLUTIONS: WHAT WOMEN WANT ......................... 2 A. The centrality of gender to Arab revolutions............................................................ 2 B. Participation par excellence: Activism among Arab women.................................... 3 III. CHANGING LANES: THE STRUGGLE OVER WOMEN’S BODIES ................. -
Yemen Sheila Carapico University of Richmond, [email protected]
University of Richmond UR Scholarship Repository Political Science Faculty Publications Political Science 2013 Yemen Sheila Carapico University of Richmond, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.richmond.edu/polisci-faculty-publications Part of the International Relations Commons, and the Near and Middle Eastern Studies Commons Recommended Citation Carapico, Sheila. "Yemen." In Dispatches from the Arab Spring: Understanding the New Middle East, edited by Paul Amar and Vijay Prashad, 101-121. New Delhi, India: LeftWord Books, 2013. This Book Chapter is brought to you for free and open access by the Political Science at UR Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Political Science Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of UR Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Yemen SHEILA CARAPICO IN FEBRUARY 2011, Tawakkol Karman stood on a stage outside Sanaa University. A microphone in one hand and the other clenched defiantly above her head, reading from a list of demands, she led tens of thou sands of cheering, flag-waving demonstrators in calls for peaceful politi cal change. She was to become not so much the leader as the figurehead ofYemen's uprising. On other days and in other cities, other citizens led the chants: men and women and sometimes, for effect, little children. These mass public performances enacted a veritable civic revolution in a poverty-stricken country where previous activist surges never produced democratic transitions but nonetheless did shape national history. Drawing on the Tunisiari and Egyptian inspirations as well as homegrown protest legacies, in 2011 Yemenis occupied the national commons as never before. -
Country of Origin Information Report Syria June 2021
Country of origin information report Syria June 2021 Page 1 of 102 Country of origin information report Syria | June 2021 Publication details City The Hague Assembled by Country of Origin Information Reports Section (DAF/AB) Disclaimer: The Dutch version of this report is leading. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands cannot be held accountable for misinterpretations based on the English version of the report. Page 2 of 102 Country of origin information report Syria | June 2021 Table of contents Publication details ............................................................................................2 Table of contents ..........................................................................................3 Introduction ....................................................................................................5 1 Political and security situation .................................................................... 6 1.1 Political and administrative developments ...........................................................6 1.1.1 Government-held areas ....................................................................................6 1.1.2 Areas not under government control. ............................................................... 11 1.1.3 COVID-19 ..................................................................................................... 13 1.2 Armed groups ............................................................................................... 13 1.2.1 Government forces ....................................................................................... -
Race and Transnationalism in the First Syrian-American Community, 1890-1930
Abstract Title of Thesis: RACE ACROSS BORDERS: RACE AND TRANSNATIONALISM IN THE FIRST SYRIAN-AMERICAN COMMUNITY, 1890-1930 Zeinab Emad Abrahim, Master of Arts, 2013 Thesis Directed By: Professor, Madeline Zilfi Department of History This research explores the transnational nature of the citizenship campaign amongst the first Syrian Americans, by analyzing the communication between Syrians in the United States with Syrians in the Middle East, primarily Jurji Zaydan, a Middle-Eastern anthropologist and literary figure. The goal is to demonstrate that while Syrian Americans negotiated their racial identity in the United States in order to attain the right to naturalize, they did so within a transnational framework. Placing the Syrian citizenship struggle in a larger context brings to light many issues regarding national and racial identity in both the United States and the Middle East during the turn of the twentieth century. RACE ACROSS BORDERS: RACE AND TRANSNATIONALISM IN THE FIRST SYRIAN-AMERICAN COMMUNITY, 1890-1930 by Zeinab Emad Abrahim Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland, College Park in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Arts 2013 Advisory Committee: Professor, Madeline Zilfi, Chair Professor, David Freund Professor, Peter Wien © Copyright by Zeinab Emad Abrahim 2013 For Mahmud, Emad, and Iman ii Table of Contents List of Images…………………………………………………………………....iv Introduction………………………………………………………………………1-12 Chapter 1: Historical Contextualization………………………………………13-25 -
23–24 November 2012 Bibliotheca Alexandrina
Women and Democratic Transition in Egypt Dialogue Forum Report 23–24 November 2012 Bibliotheca Alexandrina Center for Democracy and Social Peace Studies (CDSPS), Bibliotheca Alexandrina The Egyptian Feminist Union PeaceWomen Across the Globe (PWAG) CONTENTS Foreword..............................................................................................................................................5 Introduction....................................................................................................................................7 Opening Session......................................................................................................................9 Session One................................................................................................................................13 Session Two................................................................................................................................19 Session Three..........................................................................................................................27 Conclusion....................................................................................................................................37 ANNEXES Annex 1. Participants.................................................................................................39 Annex 2. Program...........................................................................................................44 Annex 3. About PeaceWomen Across the Globe............46 -
Gender Equality Discourse in Yemini Constitutions
GENDER EQUALITY DISCOURSE IN YEMINI CONSTITUTIONS RIGHTS AND DUTIES AMAL AL BASHA NO. 2014/3 Authors: Amal Al Basha The lines engraved on this paper are a humble effort dedicated to: All my country’s girls, young girls, young women as well as worn out, poor and distressed women in both rural and urban communities, in each corner of this country, dreaming of the dawn of equality, justice and equity to break soon, and it is indeed soon. © 2014 The Danish Institute for Human Rights Denmark’s National Human Rights Institution Wilders Plads 8K DK-1403 Copenhagen K Phone +45 3269 8888 www.humanrights.dk This publication, or parts of it, may be reproduced if author and source are quoted. MATTERS OF CONCERN is a working paper series focusing on new and emerging research on human rights across academic disciplines. It is a means for DIHR staff, visiting fellows and external researchers to make available the preliminary results of their research, work in progress and unique research contributions. Research papers are published under the responsibility of the author alone and do not represent the official view of the Danish Institute of Human Rights. Papers are available online at www.humanrights.dk. CONTENT INTRODUCTION 8 The importance of this research paper 9 The research methodology 11 1 EQUALITY AND DISCRIMINATION IN THE CONSTITUTIONS OF YEMEN IN THE SOUTH 12 1.1 The British Occupation Stage 12 1.1.1 The Laws of the Colony of Aden 12 1.1.2 The Constitution of the Colony of Aden, 1962 13 1.1.3 The Constitutions of the Sultanates, Emirates and -
Song, State, Sawa Music and Political Radio Between the US and Syria
Song, State, Sawa Music and Political Radio between the US and Syria Beau Bothwell Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2013 © 2013 Beau Bothwell All rights reserved ABSTRACT Song, State, Sawa: Music and Political Radio between the US and Syria Beau Bothwell This dissertation is a study of popular music and state-controlled radio broadcasting in the Arabic-speaking world, focusing on Syria and the Syrian radioscape, and a set of American stations named Radio Sawa. I examine American and Syrian politically directed broadcasts as multi-faceted objects around which broadcasters and listeners often differ not only in goals, operating assumptions, and political beliefs, but also in how they fundamentally conceptualize the practice of listening to the radio. Beginning with the history of international broadcasting in the Middle East, I analyze the institutional theories under which music is employed as a tool of American and Syrian policy, the imagined youths to whom the musical messages are addressed, and the actual sonic content tasked with political persuasion. At the reception side of the broadcaster-listener interaction, this dissertation addresses the auditory practices, histories of radio, and theories of music through which listeners in the sonic environment of Damascus, Syria create locally relevant meaning out of music and radio. Drawing on theories of listening and communication developed in historical musicology and ethnomusicology, science and technology studies, and recent transnational ethnographic and media studies, as well as on theories of listening developed in the Arabic public discourse about popular music, my dissertation outlines the intersection of the hypothetical listeners defined by the US and Syrian governments in their efforts to use music for political ends, and the actual people who turn on the radio to hear the music. -
MENA Women: Opportunities and Obstacles in 2014
MENA Women: Opportunities and Obstacles in 2014 In Celebration of International Women’s Day 2014 Women’s Voices from Around the World Edited by Kendra Heideman, Mona Youssef, and William Drumheller Designed by Kendra Heideman 0 * * * * * * * * * * * Table of Contents Haleh Esfandiari (United States) 1 Dalia Fahmy (Egypt) 21 Haifa Abu Ghazaleh (Jordan) 2 Hanin Ghaddar (Lebanon) 22 Raya Abu Gulal (Iraq) 3 Lina Hundaileh (Jordan) 23 Raghda Abu-Shahla (Gaza) 4 Farahnaz Ispahani (Pakistan) 24 Muna AbuSulayman (Saudi Arabia) 5 Hind Aboud Kabawat (Syria) 25 Wajeeha Al-Baharna (Bahrain) 6 Sema Kalaycioglu (Turkey) 26 Hala Al Dosari (Saudi Arabia) 7 Moushira Khattab (Egypt) 27 Fahmia Al Fotih (Yemen) 8 Lilia Labidi (Tunisia) 28 Sultana Al-Jeham (Yemen) 9 Jaleh Lackner-Gohari (Austria) 29 Eman Alnafjan (Saudi Arabia) 9 Amal Mudallali (Lebanon) 31 Rend Al Rahim (Iraq) 10 Musdah Mulia (Indonesia) 32 Safia Al Souhail (Iraq) 11 Caryle Murphy (United States) 33 Sanam Anderlini (United Kingdom/Iran) 12 Marina Ottaway (United States) 33 Ferdous Ara Begum (Bangladesh) 13 Smadar Perry (Israel) 35 Margot Badran (United States) 14 Hanan Saab (Lebanon) 36 Kahina Bouagache (Algeria) 15 Fatima Sadiqi (Morocco) 37 Nadereh Chamlou (United States) 16 Fatima Sbaity Kassem (Lebanon) 38 Ümit Cizre (Turkey) 17 Edit Schlaffer (Austria) 39 Isobel Coleman (United States) 18 Tara Sonenshine (United States) 40 Rangita de Silva de Alwis (United States) 19 Nayereh Tohidi (United States) 41 Yassmine ElSayed Hani (Egypt) 20 Robin Wright (United States) 43 Amal Hassan Fadlalla (Sudan/U.S.) 21 Najat Zarrouk (Morocco) 44 Haleh Esfandiari, Director, Middle East Program, Woodrow Wilson Center 2014 began with a number of auspicious developments for women in the region: the ratification of the Tunisian Constitution by the National Constituent Assembly in January and the approval of the amended Egyptian Constitution of 2012 by referendum. -
News Coverage Prepared For: the European Union Delegation to Egypt
News Coverage prepared for: The European Union delegation to Egypt . Disclaimer: “This document has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The contents of this document are the sole responsibility of authors of articles and under no circumstances are regarded as reflecting the position of IPSOS or the European Union.” 1 . Thematic Headlines Domestic Scene Egyptians in Greece Call for Sacking Envoy Protesters Prevent PM from Exiting Ministry Premises 103,000 Egyptian Expats Vote in 2nd Phase of Elections Sabahi: I Will Stand Against Israel to Protect Palestinian Rights Court to Examine 200 Complaints to Nullify Elections in Cairo, Halt Them in Giza Presidential Hopeful Abu-Ismail: US Contact Huge Victory to Islamists FJP: The Constituent Assembly Hands Cuffs the Parliament Mubarak’s Wealth Advisory Council Holds Its First Meeting El-Ganzouri: The Economic Situation Is Devastating Hatata: SCAF Has No Political Experience SCAF Denies Mulla’s Statement Interior Minister Meets 1000 Officers Elections Updates in Al-Masry Al-Youm newspaper. Elections Updates in Al-Tahrir newspaper. MB Guide to Members: Be Modest and Remove Copts’ Fears Investigations of Mohamed Mahmoud Clashes Start within Days General Elections Updates in al-Ahram First Phase Polls Results Annulled in Alexandria’s Third Constituency Al-Nour Calls Cooperation with Freedom and Justice Field Marshal Tantawi visits Tahrir Square Ahmad Zwel Meets Field Marshal Tantawi Elections Updates in al-Akhbar Israel’s Ambassador Arrives Today The Egyptian Mufti is Number 12 on the List of the World’s Most Influential People Sharaf Apologizes 2 Newspapers (12/12/2011) Page: 1 Author: Muhammad Anz Al-Nour Calls Cooperation with Freedom and Justice Liberal parties coordinated to support 51 candidates in the second phase of the elections. -
A History of Women's Liberation in Egypt
Portland State University PDXScholar University Honors Theses University Honors College 8-1-2017 Global Intersections: a History of Women's Liberation in Egypt Jordan Earls Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/honorstheses Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Earls, Jordan, "Global Intersections: a History of Women's Liberation in Egypt" (2017). University Honors Theses. Paper 506. https://doi.org/10.15760/honors.511 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in University Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. Global Intersections: A History of Women’s Liberation in Egypt by Jordan Earls An undergraduate honors thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts in University Honors and Social Science Thesis Adviser Taghrid Khuri Portland State University 2017 1 Introduction The struggle of women against constraints placed upon them because of gender is one historically shared worldwide and continues today. In 1989, Kimberlé Crenshaw coined the term “intersectional feminism” to describe how intersections of oppression impact women to varying degrees and argued that the goal of feminism must be to challenge these intersections. To not challenge these intersections is to, instead, reproduce them. Crenshaw demonstrates that the failure of American feminism to adequately interrogate the problems of racism caused feminism in the US to replicate and reinforce the racism women of color faced. Likewise, civil rights movements to end racism largely ignored the oppression of women by patriarchy and, in so doing, reproduced the subordination of women. -
World Bank Document
Document of The World Bank Public Disclosure Authorized Report No. 16850-YEM STAFF APPRAISAL REPORT Public Disclosure Authorized REPUBLIC OF YEMEN SOUTHERN GOVERNORATES RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT Public Disclosure Authorized September 18, 1997 Rural Development, Water and Environment Departnent Public Disclosure Authorized Middle East and North Africa Region CURRENCY Yemeni Rials 125 = US$1 (at June 1, 1997) ABBREVIATIONS BDA Business Development Advisors CACB Cooperative and Agricultural Credit Bank CAS The Country Assistance Strategy CPPR Country Portfolio Performance Review EIRR Economic Internal Rate of Return FIAHS Fund for Innovative Approach in Human and Social Development GDP Gross Domestic Product GOY Government of Yemen GTZ German Technical Cooperation ICB International Competitive Bidding IDA International Development Association IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development IU Irrigation Unit M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MAWR Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources MENA Middle East and North Africa MIS Management Information System MOPD Ministry of Planning and Development MSE Micro and Small Enterprises NCB National Competitive Bidding NGO Non-Governmental Organization NWRA National Water Resources Authority OC Operations Committee O&M Operation and Maintenance PDC Participatory Development Coordinators PDRY People's Democratic Republic of Yemen PHRD Policy and Human Resource Development (Japanese grant) PMU Project Management Unit PNA Participatory Needs Assessment ROY Republic of Yemen SDR Special Drawing Right -
Did Egypt's Post-Uprising Crime Wave Increase Support for Authoritarian
Did Egypt's Post-Uprising Crime Wave Increase Support for Authoritarian Rule? Caroline Abadeer, Alexandra Domike Blackman, Lisa Blaydes & Scott Williamson∗ April 2019 Abstract Countries transitioning from autocracy to democracy often struggle to maintain law and order. Yet relatively little is known about how changes in levels of crime impact public support for authoritarian rule. We find an empirical relationship between in- creasing crime and support for authoritarian leadership in Egypt following the 2011 Uprisings. Analysis of original crime data from Egypt suggests that electoral districts exposed to larger year-on-year changes in localized patterns of crime were more likely to vote for the \strongman" candidate in Egypt's first, and only, free and fair presiden- tial election in 2012. We validate these findings with survey evidence which shows that Egyptians who were highly concerned about crime were more likely to express support for a strong leader over democracy as well as for military rule, even after controlling for a broad set of covariates. This research illustrates how founding elections that oc- cur during a period of rising personal insecurity risk becoming referenda on order and stability, with negative implications for the consolidation of democratic institutions. Word Count: 9,767 ∗Department of Political Science, Stanford University On February 23, 2012, presidential hopeful and former Muslim Brotherhood leader Ab- del Moneim Aboul Fotouh was attacked as he returned to Cairo following a public event. Newspapers reported that three masked men stole Aboul Fotouh's car, and that, during the robbery, he was injured. This incident was notable not only for its prominent victim, but also because it reflected a broader pattern of rising social violence in Egypt following the 2011 Uprisings.