Virginia Commonwealth University VCU Scholars Compass Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 2016 INDEPENDENT ORIGINATION OF FLORAL ZYGOMORPHY, A PREDICTED ADAPTIVE RESPONSE TO POLLINATORS: DEVELOPMENTAL AND GENETIC MECHANISMS Ghadeer Bukhari Wenheng Zhang Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd Part of the Biology Commons, Evolution Commons, and the Molecular Genetics Commons © The Author Downloaded from https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4482 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at VCU Scholars Compass. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of VCU Scholars Compass. For more information, please contact
[email protected]. i © Ghadeer Bukhari, 2016 All Rights Reserved i INDEPENDENT ORIGINATION OF FLORAL ZYGOMORPHY, A PREDICTED ADAPTIVE RESPONSE TO POLLINATORS: DEVELOPMENTAL AND GENETIC MECHANISMS A Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science at Virginia Commonwealth University. by GHADEER BUKHARI BACHELOR OF SCIENCE, KING ABDULAZIZ UNIVERSITY, 2009 MASTER OF SCIENCE, VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY, 2016 Director: WENHENG ZHANG, PHD ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY Codirector: BONNIE L. BROWN, PHD PROFESSOR AND ASSOCIATE DEPARTMENT CHAIR, DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, Virginia July, 2016 iii Acknowledgements It is a great opportunity and pleasure to express my profound gratitude to a number of people to whom I am greatly in debt and appreciate. To my advisor Dr. Wenheng Zhang, a very special thank you for the inspiration, priceless advice, constant guidance, friendship, mentorship, and continuing gifts of wisdom. Thank you for believing in me and for allowing me to grow as a research scientist.