Self-Evaluation Document of the Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Faculty of Physics and Astronomy Utrecht University

SELF-EVALUATION DOCUMENT OF THE RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS AND ASTRONOMY FACULTY OF PHYSICS AND ASTRONOMY UTRECHT UNIVERSITY

This is the self-evaluation document of the Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy prepared for its upcoming research assessment organized by the Governing Board of Utrecht University. It is prepared on the basis of the Evaluation Protocol [1] which is derived from the Standard Evaluation Protocol 2003-2009 for public research organizations in the Netherlands [2]. The purpose of the evaluation is to assess against international standard the quality, productivity, relevance and viability of the activities of the Research Institute and its thirteen research programs during the seven-year period that ended on 31 December 2002.

Part A describes the Research Institute as a whole and Part B the separate research programs. Part B is prepared in close collaboration with the program leaders of the respective programs. Besides extensive descriptions of the mission and the organization of the Institute and its programs, detailed annual data are presented regarding the research staff, the productivity and the funding.

This report has been approved by the Governing Board of Utrecht University. It will be submitted as an input document for the evaluation of the Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy to the Evaluation Committee. The Evaluation Committee consists of Prof. dr. Edouard Brézin, (ENS, Paris; Chair); Prof. dr. Marcel Arnould, (Université Libre de Bruxelles); Prof. dr. Paul M. Chaikin, (Princeton University); Prof. dr. Jos Eggermont, (University of Calgary); Prof. dr. Michael Ghil, (UCLA, ENS Paris); Prof. dr. Jürgen Mlynek, (Humboldt Universität zu Berlin). The site visit is set for 10-12 September 2003.

Prof. dr. B. de Wit

Director Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Utrecht University

[1] Evaluation protocol 2003 for the review of the Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy of Utrecht University, March 2003. [2] Standard Evaluation Protocol 2003-2009 for public research organizations in the Netherlands, December 2002.

Table of contents

Section A:...... Documentation regarding the Institute 1. Evaluation of the research organization ...... 5 1.1. Strategy...... 5 1.2. Leadership...... 14 1.3. Management ...... 15 1.4. Researchers and other personnel...... 19 1.5. Resources, funding and facilities...... 29 1.6. Processes in research, internal and external collaboration...... 33 1.7. Academic reputation...... 33 1.8. Internal evaluation and analysis, perspectives and expectations for the research...... 33 1.9. External validation ...... 34

Section B:...... Documentation per research program 1. Atom Optics and Ultrafast Dynamics ...... 37 2. Soft Condensed Matter and Biophysics ...... 53 3. Surfaces, Interfaces and Devices ...... 75 4. History and Foundations of Science...... 113 5. Physics of Man: Human Perception...... 139 6. Perceptual Motor Integration...... 161 7. Physics Education...... 175 8. Subatomic Physics...... 197 9. Astrophysics ...... 227 10. Marine and Atmospheric Research...... 287 11. Quantum Gravity, Strings and Elementary Particles...... 357 12. Condensed Matter Theory, Statistical and Computational Physics ...... 339 13. Solar Astronomy...... 431

APPENDIX A Faculty Board, Research Programs and Chairs ...... 451 APPENDIX B Description of the Research Schools ...... 455 APPENDIX C List of Acronyms ...... 459 APPENDIX D References...... 463

University : Utrecht University Institute : Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Research director : Prof. dr. B. de Wit

Section A: Documentation regarding the level of the Institute

1. Evaluation of the research organization

Name of the Institute: Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy.

Date of establishment: The Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy was officially founded in 2001. Most of the Institute’s research activities were initiated prior to 1996 and were part of the research of the Faculty of Physics and Astronomy.

Research area and mission: Research in pure and applied physics and astronomy, driven both by questions of a fundamental scientific nature and by questions motivated by societal needs. The research covers a broad spectrum and consists of atomic and molecular physics, condensed matter physics, materials science, subatomic physics, theoretical and computational physics, biophysics, astrophysics and solar astronomy, human perception and perceptual motor integration, marine and atmospheric research, physics education, and history and foundations of science. The research aims at being competitive on a national and international scale and is expected to be well linked to corresponding bachelors, masters and PhD programs.

1.1. Strategy Research area in the present organizational context: The programs of the Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy[3] cover a broad spectrum of present-day research in physics and astronomy and include a variety of interdisciplinary activities, motivated by questions of pure and applied science and societal relevance. During the evaluation period 1996-2002 the Faculty has seen a continuation of the already ongoing movement towards a more focused and coherent research profile with greater visibility in the educational programs. In this process, the position of selected excellent programs and of interdisciplinary research was to be strengthened. The presence of a sufficiently broad research profile was deemed important for attracting and stimulating high-quality graduate and undergraduate students. In this drive towards a focused and yet broad research profile, scientific excellence, synergy between the research directions, international orientation, and the ability to attract outside funding, were identified as important elements. These elements are still relevant today. Concurrent with these changes in the research focus, the Faculty had to set up a flexible human resources policy and to maintain/extend an appropriate basic infrastructure and corresponding financial support. With regard to the research funding, the Research Institute provides the base funding for the research programs, which includes the salary cost of the tenured research staff and the local infrastructure, while a major part of the equipment and the salary cost of the non-tenured research staff is obtained from external funding agencies.

[3] The name Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy (or Research Institute) will be used throughout the document to designate the research part of the Faculty of Physics and Astronomy.

University : Utrecht University Institute : Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Research director : Prof. dr. B. de Wit

The present organization of the Research Institute is based on the by-laws that were adopted by the Faculty, and subsequently approved by the University Board, in 2001. These by-laws define research programs as the basic units of research and research management within the Research Institute. As of 31 December 2002, the Research Institute has thirteen research programs, which also play an indirect role in the mission of the Faculty of Physics and Astronomy in undergraduate and graduate education. The programs are connected to national and international research organizations. On a formal level, there are affiliations to seven national research schools. A description of these schools, which play an important role in the associated PhD programs, is provided in appendix B. All research schools have received a formal accreditation from the Accreditation Committee for Research Schools in the Netherlands (ECOS), established in 1992 by the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) at the request of the government. Currently the Research Institute is the commissioner of two of these research schools, namely the Dutch Research School of Theoretical Physics and the Buys Ballot Research School.

Below we present a short overview of the thirteen research programs of the Research Institute with their formal affiliations to national research schools, as well as to other research institutes and (international) scientific organizations.

- Program 1: Atom Optics and Ultrafast Dynamics. - Program 2: Soft Condensed Matter and Biophysics. - Program 3: Surfaces, Interfaces and Devices. Programs 1, 2 and 3 are affiliated with the Debye Institute and Research School, which is based on a collaboration between the Faculties of Physics and Astronomy and of Chemistry.

- Program 4: History and Foundations of Science. This program constitutes the Institute for History and Foundations of Science (IGG) which consists of two distinct sections; one on the history of mathematics and the natural sciences and the other on the foundations of physics. The history section is affiliated with the Huizinga Research Institute and Graduate School of Cultural History, which is a collaboration between the groups of the universities in Amsterdam (UvA and VU), Enschede, Heerlen (Open University), Leiden, Maastricht, Nijmegen, Rotterdam and Utrecht.

- Program 5: Physics of Man: Human Perception - Program 6: Perceptual Motor Integration. Programs 5 and 6 are affiliated with the Helmholtz Institute and Research School. The institute is a collaboration between the Faculties of Physics and Astronomy, Biology, Medicine and Social Sciences of Utrecht University. The research school is a collaboration between the Universities of Amsterdam (UvA and VU), Rotterdam and Utrecht

- Program 7: Physics Education. This program is affiliated with the UU Center for Science and Mathematics Education. The institutions participating in the Center are the Departments of Biology Education, Chemical Education and Physics Education, and the Freudenthal Institute for Mathematics Education.

University : Utrecht University Institute : Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Research director : Prof. dr. B. de Wit

- Program 8: Subatomic Physics. This program is a partner in the National Institute for Nuclear and High-Energy Physics (NIKHEF) and in the Research School for Subatomic Physics. Through NIKHEF, the program participates in experiments at high-energy ion colliders at CERN and BNL.

- Program 9: Astrophysics. - Program 13: Solar Astronomy. Program 9 and 13 constitute the Astronomical Institute Utrecht (SIU), which is affiliated with the Netherlands Research School for Astronomy (NOVA). NOVA is a collaboration between the universities of Amsterdam (UvA), Groningen, Leiden, Nijmegen and Utrecht.

- Program 10: Marine and Atmospheric Research. This program is affiliated with the Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research Utrecht (IMAU), which is based on a collaboration between the Faculty of Physics and Astronomy and the Faculty of Geographical Sciences. It is also affiliated with the Buys Ballot Research School (BBOS), the Netherlands Center for Climate Research (CKO), the Netherlands Center for Coastal Research (NCK) and the Research School COACh (Co-operation on Oceanic, Atmospheric and Climate Changes studies). COACh is the Dutch-German research consortium in atmospheric and climate research, supported by the German and Dutch Ministries for Science and Education (BMBF and OC&W), the Max-Planck-Society, and Utrecht University.

- Program 11: Quantum Gravity, Strings and Elementary Particles. - Program 12: Condensed Matter Theory, Statistical and Computational Physics. Program 11 and 12 constitute the Institute for Theoretical Physics (ITF), which is affiliated with the Dutch Research School of Theoretical Physics (DRSTP). The DRSTP is a collaboration between the universities of Amsterdam (UvA), Eindhoven, Groningen, Leiden, Nijmegen and Utrecht.

International contacts are vital for maintaining a good research climate and for keeping abreast of the developments in the various research fields. Most of them are between individual researchers and they take various forms. The Faculty tries to assist the researchers whenever possible in maintaining and developing these contacts. The Faculty has several visiting chairs, such as the Debye Chair (shared with the Faculty of Chemistry), the Kramers Chair (theoretical physics) and the Minnaert Chair (astronomy), which attract highly esteemed researchers to teach special courses on current topics. Many of the research programs participate in European networks or organize international conferences and/or workshops. There are also many contacts at the national level. Several researchers from other Dutch universities and research institutes hold adjunct or part-time professorships in the Faculty. For further details, we refer to Part B of this report.

Changes in the research organization: The Research Institute was founded in 2001 and its research programs were then defined as basic research units of the Faculty. Prior to this policy change the eight existing research entities, which are also called ‘research institutes’,

University : Utrecht University Institute : Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Research director : Prof. dr. B. de Wit played this role within the Faculty. [4] Three of these belonged exclusively to the Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, and five were embedded in formal collaborations with other UU Faculties and Departments. For historical reasons, these institutes differed substantially in organizational structure. The ones that operated within the context of a formal collaboration between different UU Faculties and Departments were faced with differences in management structures and culture of accountability between these organizations. Difficult policy decisions involving different groups within the institutes, were often not possible in the collegial atmosphere. In a number of cases, the size and structure of the institutes had obviously stretched the natural span of control. Consequently, institute directors could not exercise their formal responsibility for the institute. Moreover, since budget allocations were based on a standardized set of input parameters, on which the individual director had little influence, there was a certain lack of accountability throughout the research organization. Over time, this became an obstacle to improve the professional quality of the Faculty as a modern research organization.

For these reasons, the Faculty Board decided in the spring of 2001 to adopt new by-laws for the Faculty. As a consequence, the basic units of the research organization are now the research programs organized in the Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy. Each of these programs has a program leader who has the overall responsibility for the program, with respect to both quality and cohesion of the research and with respect to the budget provided by the Faculty. The program leader is responsible for the internal coordination and for maintaining and developing external contacts to the extent that they concern the program as a whole. Full professors (each program has at least one chair) participate in and are committed to a program and they have their own responsibility towards research and teaching. While full professors have direct access to the dean and the Faculty Board, and may share in the running of the program on a day-to-day basis, the final and overall responsibility for the program and its budget rests with the program leader. The research institutes remain important for research and teaching, both as a home base for researchers from the corresponding disciplines, as platforms for various (national or international) networks and as actual focal points of the integration of research and teaching. Many research institutes operate in a multidisciplinairy context, and a large amount of synergy is obtained by optimizing coherence, multidisciplinarity and size.

The identification of the thirteen research programs of the Research Institute was done after extensive consultation with the scientific staff and the institute directors. The present program composition reflects to a considerable extent the preferences of the research staff and this is one of the reasons why research programs differ in size. For instance, program 10 coincides fully with the part of the Institute of Marine and Atmospheric Research (IMAU) within the Faculty, and the program leader is also the director of the institute. Programs 9 and 13 comprise the Astronomical Institute Utrecht (SIU), and program 11 and 12 comprise the Institute for Theoretical Physics (ITF). These institutes have a director (not necessarily the program leader), who is responsible for the overall of the institute, which mission was explained above. Depending on the structure of the institute and on the personalities involved, the program leader and/or the director should play a role as inspirational leader. On

[4] Partly for historical reasons we will use the name ‘research institutes’ for these entities, to be distinguished from the ‘Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy’.

University : Utrecht University Institute : Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Research director : Prof. dr. B. de Wit the other hand, there are also programs, that belong to a research institute that involves more then one Faculty, such as the programs 1, 2, and 3, which belong to the Debye Institute established as a formal collaboration between the Faculty of Physics and Astronomy and the Faculty of Chemistry. The director of the Debye Institute is responsible for the overall scientific mission of the Debye Institute and accountable to the two Faculties, wherean the program leaders are accountable only to the Research Institute.

Each research program is hence part of its own characteristic environment, which may involve an embedding into a research institute belonging to either one or several UU Faculties, and/or which may be affiliated to a research school organized within the university or as a national research school. The structure of the Research Institute with the research programs as basic units clearly defines the managerial and financial responsibilities in a way that ensures a sufficient span of control and a realistic accountability level of the program leader. The program structure also provides the necessary flexibility for the research programs to develop according to their needs. The overall complexity of this setting is not primarily the result of the choice of research programs as the basic units, but is rather an unavoidable feature of any research organization in a modern university.

Actions taken based on the 1995 VSNU assessment: The 1995 VSNU assessment was an evaluation of physics research of the Dutch universities. This evaluation system has recently been abandonded, and replaced by the present evaluation system. The old VSNU evaluation system was more directed to past performance and laid less emphasis on the corresponding necessary resources and broader mission of the institutes. The conclusions of the review committee were published by the VSNU. [5]

Apart from commenting on the specific research activities, the committee reflected on the broad profile of the UU research activity with multiple small groups. This was seen as too diverse and, in the opinion of the committee, required correction. Other problems noted were the age distribution of the research staff, which restricted career development opportunities of the young staff, and the low number of research-active staff.

The process of focusing on priority areas of research was already well underway before the 1995 research assessment through the UU policy (started in the late eighties) of establishing priority fields, research institutes and research schools. In fact, the system of research policy and management that was in place in the Faculty in 1995, drew a compliment from the committee. The implementation of this system was therefore vigorously extended following the 1995 recommendations. In doing so, the limitations explained above became apparent. That led to the establishment of the Research Institute and the present research programs. The Research Institute has an annual cycle of planning and control (P&C, see section 2.1), during which the program leaders submit their research plans and budget requests for the coming year.

[5] 1996 VSNU – Quality assessment of research: an analysis of physics in the Dutch universities in the nineties.

University : Utrecht University Institute : Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Research director : Prof. dr. B. de Wit

As will be explained in 1.4 the Faculty has addressed the problems of the age distribution of the research staff by adopting new hiring policies and recruiting young talent. However, researchers are much more mobile at present and talented researchers are scarce on an international scale, so that also a few of the recently hired younger staff members have meanwhile left. As a result of this, scouting and recruiting new staff has to have a continuous priority. The dean and directors have already devoted a lot of time to recruiting and in the future the program leaders will also have to invest time in this activity on a more regular basis. The program leaders are stimulated to identify young talent and suggest these for (semi)permanent positions. Here, it is important to make use of the so-called "Vernieuwingsimpuls" of NWO, which is a national program aimed at attracting or keeping young talented researchers. These days, rejuvenating the staff is seen as a top priority and much more attention is given to the career development of assistant and associate professors and to female researchers.

Just before 1995, the various research programs had an agreed level of personnel support from the Faculty. [6] Initially, the 1995 numbers were agreed upon to cope with anticipated budget cuts, but when those did not quite materialize, it was decided to use the available funds to finance the rejuvenation of the research staff. In this spirit the Faculty decided in 1997 to carry out a "quality boost" in accord with the recommendations of the 1995 VSNU assessment, which was later incorporated in new initiatives at the university and at the national level (known as "breedtestrategie" and "dieptestrategie"). Various elements of this boost will be indicated below at the level of the specific programs. Also in this context, the Faculty reserved some funds for new activities, possibly to be organized in new programs. The Faculty made a financial reservation for physics of the life sciences. Attempts were made to attract new talent for this new line of research, which could possibly be clustered with the activities of neighbouring UU Faculties, such as Chemistry and Biology. The Faculty is also discussing with the UU Academic Biomedical Cluster (ABC) the possibility of setting up joint projects related to the life sciences. Although Utrecht University has enough potential here, this approach has thus far not been successful. This strategy will continue to be pursued in the future.

Another attempt to increase the potential for attracting talented researchers was the formation of the Spinoza Institute in 1998. This institute was intended to serve as a platform for boosting new research programs, not restricted by any of the traditions that the existing research institutes and research programs might have, with the possibility of granting an associated member status to researchers from other universities. The first program (on quantum gravity and string theory) was organized around the (later) Nobel laureate, prof. G. ’t Hooft. A second program was set up on condensed matter theory. The Spinoza Institute did gain international recognition and its existence was clearly helpful in attracting new staff. Nevertheless, its success has been limited so far, both because it turned out to be difficult to attract programs in other fields than theoretical physics and because of the fact that two

[6] This was not just in terms of fte's, but took into account the salary levels, as well as possible external funding. For that reason these numbers cannot be compared to the number of fte's listed in the tables for the research staff, but they served as a financial envelope for the various programs. Some programs always remained within these envelopes, while others had persistent trouble bringing their human resources in line with the financial perspectives.

University : Utrecht University Institute : Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Research director : Prof. dr. B. de Wit leading professors in these programs resigned to accept positions in North America (in Princeton and in the University of British Columbia). Nevertheless, the Faculty has decided to continue the institute as an instrument for boosting new (interdisciplinary) research activities in the future.

Changes in the research programs: The VSNU committee also commented on the merits of the different programs. Since the program composition has changed somewhat during the evaluation period, we will briefly summarize the program developments, linking the 1995 situation to the present one. (The designation UU-* refers to the numbering of the research programs in the 1995 VSNU report.)

- Atom optics and ultrafast dynamics (1), Soft condensed matter and biophysics (2), Surfaces, interfaces and devices (3). These are the three programs of the Research Institute that belong to the Debye Institute. They evolved from the four programs UU-1: Atomic, molecular and surface physics, UU-2: Materials science of surfaces and thin layers, UU-3: Molecular biophysics, UU-4: Condensed matter physics, that were described in the VSNU assessment. The activities in program UU-1 that were related to laser physics and cold gases, were integrated with the condensed matter program UU-4 into the present program 1 on atom optics and ultrafast dynamics. Two new professors were appointed. This combination reflects a trend towards a substantial overlap of traditional atomic and molecular physics and condensed matter physics and the resulting program has become more focused. A substantial strenghtening of soft condensed matter led to program 2 on soft condensed matter and biophysics, in which also the former program UU-3 is contained. A new full professor and two assistant professors were appointed as part of the quality boost described earlier. The group has meanwhile attracted considerable extra funding and its activities in the physics of colloids combine well with the Physical and Colloid Chemistry Group of the Faculty of Chemistry, which also belongs to the Debye Institute and which has an excellent research reputation.[7] The activities in surface physics and thin layers of the programs UU-1 and UU-2 were combined into program 3 on surfaces, interfaces and devices. Here a new full professor was appointed. This program, which attracts considerable external funding, covers many aspects of materials science of surfaces and thin films, exploiting two large facilities: the Utrecht Solar Energy Laboratory and the Utrecht Surface Analysis Laboratory.

- History and foundations of science (4) This program already existed in 1995 (listed as UU-11). An important development was the appointment of a new full professor in the history of science. The VSNU committee did not evaluate this program. It was additionally supported by extra funds from the University Board (‘Pareltjes’).

- Physics of man: human perception (5), Perceptual motor integration (6) These two programs evolved from the program UU-9: Information processing in autonomous systems. Because of the decision to form separate programs, program 5 and 6 belong to the smaller programs of the Research Institute. The VSNU committee was very

[7] 2002 VSNU - Quality assessment of research: assessment of chemistry and chemical engineering.

University : Utrecht University Institute : Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Research director : Prof. dr. B. de Wit positive about this group and noted a trend towards a further integration of activities. Program 6 was strengthened meanwhile by a new appointment. These programs obtained additional support as part of the quality boost in order to match the extra funding from the 'breedtestrategie'.

- Physics education (7) This program coincides with the program UU-12: Concept development and curriculum research in physics education. The VSNU committee did not evaluate this group. During the evaluation period two new (part-time) full professors have been appointed

- Subatomic physics (8) This program grew out of program UU-8.1: Subatomic physics. Its research has become more focused and is now mainly directed towards physics with high-energy heavy-ion colliders. The program leader is responsible for the Dutch effort (through NIKHEF) in the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. As part of the physics start-up of ALICE, the group is now also involved in the STAR detector at RHIC (Brookhaven, USA). In the 1995 visitation, this program was accompanied by two other programs, UU-8.2 and UU- 8.3, which were directed to dating with cosmogenic radionuclides and to computational physics and applied computer science. The dating activity still exists as of today, but it has been transformed into a facility with a large service component. It is therefore not embedded in one of the research programs. Computational physics is currently distributed over the various programs (in particular, program 2 and 13).

- Astrophysics (9) This program was not considered as part of the 1995 VSNU assessment but was evaluated as part of the Netherlands Research School for Astronomy (NOVA). Until recently, solar astronomy was also part of this program, but in view of the considerable instrumentation effort for the Dutch Open Telescope (DOT), it was decided to organize the solar astronomy activities separately in program 13. The combined budget of the two programs was always somewhat above the level agreed to in 1995, but this was compensated by the extra funds made available by the Faculty in the context of the quality boost to match the new external funding obtained through NOVA ('dieptestrategie').

- Marine and atmospheric research (10) This program fully coincides with the 1995 program UU-10, which was highly rated in the VSNU evaluation. It was the only program that obtained a structural increase from the Faculty of 3 fte research positions as compared to the level agreed to in 1995, augmented by substantial extra contributions from the government and NWO, as well as directly from the University Board.

- Quantum gravity, strings and elementary particles (11) This program fully coincides with the 1995 program UU-5, which was highly acclaimed in the VSNU evaluation. It received financial contributions from the Faculty, the University Board and NWO as extra support for the Nobel laureate, prof. G. ’t Hooft. In reaction to the Nobel Prize, the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (OCW) made extra funds available for starting an international masters program in Theoretical Physics linked to this program and to program 12.

University : Utrecht University Institute : Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Research director : Prof. dr. B. de Wit

- Condensed matter theory, statistical and computational physics (12) This program coincides with the 1995 program UU-6. Since the beginning of the evaluation period the program has changed considerably in scope, partly in response to the comments made by the 1995 VSNU committee. The research in cold atoms and in condensed matter theory was strengthened with several new appointments. Recently, in 2003, one of these positions became vacant.

- Solar astronomy (13) This is the new program in solar astronomy, which is responsible for the construction and scientific exploitation of the Dutch Open Telescope. The Faculty is seeking the appointment of a full professor in solar astronomy, who will become the program leader.

Beta-federation: Following more than a year of discussions and deliberations, the University Board in March 2003 decided to change the by-laws of Utrecht University. These changes imply that the Faculty of Physics and Astronomy together with the Faculties of Mathematics and Informatics, Biology, Chemistry and the Pharmaceutical Sciences will form a strategic alliance. This alliance will have a federation structure, where the deans of the faculties retain their individual mandates, but combine their resources on strategic areas (research, teaching and management). The federation of the five faculties will have a chairperson, who is not one of the deans. The by-laws of the strategic alliance are in the making, and it is therefore too early to predict what the implications will be. Hopefully the existence of the federation will facilitate further development of interdisciplinary research activities. On the other hand, the research organization at the level of the federation will necessarily be less focused and will have to react to a more complex strategic environment with a larger variety of external funding organizations. On the management and support side, it will be a challenge to maintain the present level of quality. In principle there is added potential for setting up a professional organization with even better service, but bigger units tend to be slower and less responsive in reacting to the needs of the small-scale research programs.

Planning: The new structure of the Research Institute offers flexible and effective instruments for pursuing the various research goals described earlier. Needless to say, the Research Institute welcomes the feedback generated in the upcoming research asssessment. On the basis of the recommendations of the Evaluation Committee as well as in view of the present budget perspectives (to be discussed later) it may be necessary to bring even more focus into the research programs. Here the potential for attracting outside funding will be important. But there is a firm belief that new initiatives should be taken as well, in addition to further strengthening a number of research programs. As indicated earlier, these initiatives should primarily be directed towards interdisciplinary activities.

In the near future, the Faculty intends to fill the chairs in Atmospheric Chemistry and Solar Astronomy. Filling the vacant chair in Theoretical Condensed Matter Physics is also being pursued.

At present the societal support for physics and astronomy is not strong and the interest of potential students in the Netherlands for the hard sciences is at a low level. On the other

University : Utrecht University Institute : Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Research director : Prof. dr. B. de Wit hand, research in physics and astronomy is flourishing. Therefore, the rejuvenation of the research staff is of vital importance, and, as was already indicated, the Faculty is keenly aware of this. Research is, however, not a top-down activity. The Research Institute can, in general, formulate optimal research policies, facilitate desirable actions, identify areas of high potential and improve the technical and management support, but specific input from the research staff is crucial, both in terms of scientific output, as in helping to shape the research profile of the Research Institute and in identifying potential new developments.

1.2. Leadership The Faculty Board: The dean of the Faculty of Physics and Astronomy appoints the director of the Research Institute, as well as the director of the Julius School of Physics and Astronomy, responsible for the bachelors and masters programs, and the director of administration. The dean also appoints the program leaders of the research programs, usually for a period of three years. At present, the Faculty Board consists of the dean, prof.dr. H. Rudolph, the director of administration, drs. J. de Wolde, the directors of the Research Institute and the Julius School, prof.dr. B. de Wit and prof.dr. W.F. van der Weg, and two advisors, ms. J. Andriese and ms. N. de Jeu, appointed on behalf of the personnel and the students, respectively.

Chart 1: Organization Chart of the Faculty of Physics and Astronomy

In accordance with Dutch law the dean has the ‘integral responsibility’ for the activities within the Faculty. The management team consisting of the dean and the three directors is responsible for the day-to-day running of the Faculty. The director of administration is responsible for all administrative matters. The administration is fully integrated and there is no separate administrative staff for the Research Institute. In practice the director of the Research Institute and the dean together deal with all matters regarding the research programs. The Faculty does not have a very hierarchical structure and the dean and directors are usually available for discussions with the research staff, although all formal exchanges

University : Utrecht University Institute : Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Research director : Prof. dr. B. de Wit regarding program commitments, budget allocations, human resources, etc., are with the program leaders. This holds in particular for the P&C sessions at the beginning of each academic year (to be described below) during which the program leaders present their plans for the coming year, which provide the necessary input for the budget allocations. Besides the P&C sessions, there are regular meetings of the dean and directors with the program leaders where important faculty matters regarding research, teaching and management are discussed.

Planning and control: Since the establishment of the Research Institute and its research programs, there is an annual cycle of planning and control (P&C). The first round of P&C sessions took place in the fall of 2002. Prior to the P&C discussions the program leaders were asked to submit their research plans and budget requests for 2003. During a period of about one week, the dean and directors met with each one of the program leaders individualy to review their programs. Points of discussion were the progress, achievements and future plans of the program, the necessary level of technical and financial support, the visibility for the students and the degree of participation in the teaching programs. The budget allocations were made based on the number of active staff in the program, on the specific research plans and on commitments by the program leaders to reach certain milestones. Requests for new graduate student positions were decided upon as part of the P&C cycle.

The P&C cycle now plays an important role in reacting to new challenges, internal needs and changes in the external conditions. Programs are expected to assess their research goals on a regular basis and to come up with innovative and challenging initiatives. In case this does not happen at a sufficient level, the program might be forced to reconsider its mission or, in the worst case, might be terminated. On the other hand, after identifying promising opportunities, new programs can be founded or existing programs can be combined to optimize the chances for the future. It is clear that the Faculty is in a learning process here and will have to gain more experience. Especially the role of the technical and administrative support groups will require special attention in the future.

The scientific advisory board: In the past a Faculty committee consisting of some of its leading professors advised the dean on scientific matters. In the context of professorial appointments external experts were often consulted on related research policy matters. The Faculty did not have a standing external advisory board that gave advice on a regular basis. The research schools and some of the research institutes did have external advisory boards, whose recommendations were discussed with the Faculty. Nevertheless, it became obvious that an external advisory body was also needed for the Research Institute, to be consulted at least once a year on important scientific policy matters. In order not to interfere with the upcoming research assessment, it was decided to defer the establishment of such an advisory board. It will be initiated shortly after the official report of the present assessment committee has been received.

1.3. Management Housing: The Faculty of Physics and Astronomy is situated in the northwest corner of the campus of Utrecht University. The Faculty is the main occupant of and has the management responsibility for five buildings:

University : Utrecht University Institute : Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Research director : Prof. dr. B. de Wit

- Robert J. van der Graaff Laboratory (experimental physics) - L.S. Ornstein Laboratory (experimental physics) - Caroline Bleeker Building (workshop and stock rooms) - Buys Ballot Laboratory (various research programs, teaching facilities and administration) - Minnaert Building (Julius School, theoretical physics, teaching facilities, student administration and the restaurant). The building service and maintenance is done within the Faculty, whereas the long-term planning and external building maintenance are done by the housing and facility department of the university. The Faculty has three simple guest rooms for short-term visitors.

Services and facilities: The Faculty of Physics and Astronomy has its own management support groups for finance (5.2 fte), human resources (9.2 fte), computing (6.0 fte), housing and maintenance (4.0 fte) and a student administration office (3.7 fte). Each of these support groups reports directly to the director of administration. Some of the support groups also provide services for other faculties and departments; the human resource support is shared with the Department of Geology and the Faculty of Mathematics and Informatics, and the financial support group is shared with the Faculty of Mathematics and Informatics. The services provided for other faculties and departments are based on basic Service Level Agreements that specify the services provided and the associated costs. All major administrative support systems have been integrated university wide. The research programs have their own administrative support and some of them have additional management support acting as an interface between the programs and the management support groups.

The Faculty has always been on the forefront of the implementation of new computer infrastructure, usually driven by demands from the research programs. It was one of the first Faculties and Departments within the university (before 1990), to have a faculty-wide 10 Mb network. The management support group for computing is responsible for the computer infrastructure, and for maintaining a high level of service in a cost-effective way. The group supports the scientific groups (as well as the educational activities) with central and decentralized computing facilities. All network connections, e-mail addresses and mail servers are centrally regulated, which has kept the impact of viruses, spam mail etc. to a minimum. The computer group also manages the support for backup units, even for the most computer intensive research groups.

The central workshop of the Faculty is the only large-scale workshop within Utrecht University especially geared to research needs. It has a workforce of 42 fte, and includes groups for computer-aided design, mechanical construction, electronic design and storerooms for mechanical and electronic parts. The workshop typically provides integral project support: from design and development to implementation of all mechanical and electronic projects. All UU faculties and departments, as well as some non-profit organizations outside Utrecht University, can on a project basis apply for its assistance (at cost price). The number of outside projects has decreased the last few years and the workshop has been confronted with cutbacks. The workshop time available for the Research Institute is distributed in the P&C cycle. This subsequently leads to a work plan for the workshop which integrates the various needs, taking the capacity into account. The amount

University : Utrecht University Institute : Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Research director : Prof. dr. B. de Wit of requested time is highly oversubscribed, and the workshop has struggled with its project management. The Faculty is trying to include the workshop support more actively in the recently adopted P&C system. Technicians working within the workshop are expected to keep and maintain their proficiency level also through courses outside the Faculty. Per year about 20% of the work time is reserved for this purpose.

The Faculty has a cryogenic and laboratory gas support unit (1.7 fte). This unit provides the Faculty (and some other faculties and departments) with liquid nitrogen and liquid helium. There is an elaborate recycling system for the helium facility including a compressor unit. Technical gases are also provided via this unit. Because of safety reasons no employee outside the cryogenic support group is allowed to operate the cryogenic gas systems.

The Robert van der Graaff Laboratory houses two particle accelerators, a 3 MV single-ended and a 6 MV tandem accelerator. The group of technicians maintaining and running the accelerators are reporting to the head of the mechanical workshop. The accelerators are currently used for the research within the Surfaces, Interfaces and Devices program as well as for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS). The latter activity has been designated a facility, and is therefore not placed in one of the research programs. The AMS work is strongly related to dating requests from outside. These requests span from measurements on encapsulated air in ice cores through underground drill samples to dating of historical samples. The AMS group has a high reputation in the accuracy of the dating as well as the interpretation of the measured quantities.

The Faculty has its own central library in the Buys Ballot Laboratory (ca. 450 m2). Employees have 24-hour access to the collection. The web pages of the Faculty provide access to the electronic library of the Faculty, and this combined with the web access via the central University Library provides access to all journals of interest for the various research groups. The exceptionally rapid change towards the use of electronic journals instead of the physical collection requires a continuous evaluation and reorientation of the library function.

Within the various research programs, there is a certain level of technical and managerial support. The number of permanent technical staff has evolved in time and is under pressure, partly due to budget choices made in the past, and partly due to employability considerations. There is a delicate balance between the necessary local technical support and the support provided from the central workshop. The central workshop also has a first-come- first-served low threshold facility for urgent non-project based support. The administrative staff within the various programs has not been uniformly integrated with the management support groups of the Faculty. The change of structure that led to the Research Institute with thirteen independent research programs has only gradually become visible at the level of the management support groups. Some programs have managers who report to the director of administration. Their task is the local management of the program in a broad sense, ranging from the monitoring of processes in financial and human resources management, to reporting to the external funding agencies, always in close contact with the program leaders and the relevant mangement support groups. The director of the Research Institute has no special role in this respect other than through his/her membership of the Faculty Board where these issues are discussed.

University : Utrecht University Institute : Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Research director : Prof. dr. B. de Wit

There are no charges to the programs associated with services of the management support groups. Program leaders can freely consult with the support groups at all times. This is done on a frequent basis, and the low threshold no-nonsense approach is greatly appreciated by the program leaders and has proved useful. The management support groups, especially the one for finance, monitor the project proposals and the progress of on-going external projects. For projects with extensive reporting requests, such as EU projects, the know-how is retained at the management support level. Often the appropriate support groups remind the grant holder whenever reports have to be written and request scientific input; the financial and personnel parts are then written in close collaboration. While the direct funding to the research programs is discussed directly with the program leaders, external funding (indirect and contract) is usually granted to individual researchers outside the direct control of the Faculty. These project leaders are supported in the same way by the management support groups.

Funding policy: The Faculty receives funding from three sources, which in the standard jargon are referred to as first, second and third stream, corresponding to direct funding by Utrecht University, funding by scientific (nonprofit, semi-governmental) funding organizations (ESF, ASTRON, KNAW, FOM and NWO) and funding by other organizations, such as the EU, industry, etc. The various external funding agencies use different rules with regard to the submission of proposals. Historically most of the funding for research came either from the university (1st stream) or from FOM/NWO (2nd stream). However, during the past 15 years other funding agencies (3rd stream) have become increasingly important. All 3rd stream funding sources (including the EU) request a signature on the proposal and the contract on behalf of the Faculty. When requested the signature on the proposal for 2nd stream funding agencies is given after a minimal test of the feasibility of the proposal. For proposals submitted to other funding sources, the criteria are more stringent. An assessment is made of the suitability of the research project, its possible impact on other activities, and whether the project fits into the mission statement of Utrecht University and the Faculty.

Projects involving issues of confidentiality and/or intellectual property are discussed with the legal department of the university and the University Holding. For 3rd stream contracts where the overheads are not regulated a priori (EU overheads are fixed), an integral cost price is calculated. For most purposes, unless a group is essentially selling university facilities, the earned overheads are retained by the project group.

NWO and all the research councils under NWO, including FOM, normally do not request a signature from the Faculty upon submittal of a research proposal, although the researcher is assumed to obtain the necessary permission prior to submittal. This is especially important for the Faculty when matching funds are requested. The habit of informing the Faculty is unfortunately not well developed, but since these funding agencies are so close to the core business of the Faculty and large applications are often monitored at the management support level, it normally does not give rise to problems.

NWO used to be the employer of all personnel employed on the basis of an NWO grant. In a 1998 agreement between NWO and the Dutch Universities it was decided that the universities would henceforth be the employer. Since NWO employs very few people with

University : Utrecht University Institute : Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Research director : Prof. dr. B. de Wit a permanent position, and the normal grant period is no longer than four years, it means that almost all personnel employed on the basis of an NWO grant are now within the university system. Personnel employed on the basis of a FOM grant are not employed by the university, but by FOM. The university therefore has no employee-employer relation with the FOM project employees. This does not lead to significant problems, but it means that the "control" over the working conditions is reduced. FOM strictly adheres to a direct relation with the project leader and does not communicate via the Faculty like most other funding agencies do.

Needless to say, to deal with the variety of funding agencies and research contracts requires a professional and experienced staff in the management support groups. The hiring of an increasing number of non-Dutch nationals also puts a heavy strain on the system; this is especially true for non-EU nationals for whom the immigration rules and procedures are becoming increasingly stringent.

1.4. Researchers and other personnel Background information concerning the Dutch Universities: Employees of Dutch universities are civil servants. This means that the hiring and firing procedures are rather elaborate. In recent years, there has been some movement regarding the status of civil servants employed by Dutch universities, but this was then paired with elaborate implementation procedures.

All Dutch universities in principle recognize five different positions in the scientific ranks:

Function name (UU) Function name Permanent (P) or Gross annual (English) non-permant (NP) salary excluding pension (k€) Assistent in Opleiding PhD student NP 19,5-27,8 (AIO) Junior Docent/ Onderzoeker Postdoc NP 27,8-51,1 (JDO)

Docent Onderzoeker (DO) Assistant Professor P 37,3-58,2

Senior Docent / Associate Professor P 51,8-69,4 Onderzoeker (SDO)

Hoogleraar (HGL) (Full) Professor P 59,0-101,2

There is a further differentiation within the various functions, but this differentiation is not relevant here. The pay scales are essentially identical for all Dutch universities, and are settled between the VSNU and the labor unions. There has recently been some development in the fringe benefit system, where e.g. vacation days and gross salary can be exchanged for other items, such as a personal computer.

University : Utrecht University Institute : Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Research director : Prof. dr. B. de Wit

The VSNU and the labor unions have recently agreed to initiate a pilot project for a new function ranking system based on recommendations from the Hay Group. The Hay Function Ranking System will most likely be implemented during the coming years. At present the expectation is that its implications for positions in the scientific ranks will be limited.

The PhD student is a regular employee in the Netherlands with (almost) all the rights and responsibilities of a regular employee. The position is restricted to a maximum of 4 years (as a full time employee) and has to be at least 80% (4 days a week). The salary level is also governed by the collective labor agreements. Deviating from this is only possible if it leads to a higher salary. In recent years, the technical universities especially have felt compelled to offer higher salaries than required by the labor agreements.

Specific changes within Utrecht University in the evaluation period: Utrecht University has implemented a new teaching qualification skills system (called FLOW). In this system all permanent scientific personnel are expected to acquire a certain proficiency level in teaching. There are two levels, the basic teaching qualification (BKO) and the senior teaching qualification (SKO). Full professors are required to achieve the SKO level. All new permanent scientific personnel are individually guided in a training program under the supervision of the director of the Julius School. Upon successful completion of the program the candidates receive a teaching certificate from the University (signed by the Julius School director, the dean and the Rector Magnificus).

Utrecht University is also introducing a new annual personnel evaluation system, the so- called result and development talks (R&O). The system will be fully operational in 2003.

Specific personnel policies for the Faculty of Physics and Astronomy. Recruitment and selection procedures: During the evaluation period the recruitment procedure has changed and is no longer uniform. In the early days, it was customary to place an advertisement in (inter)national publications for most of the positions. Currently we use a larger variety of recruitment approaches depending on the type of position and the research field. Some research programs regularly receive open applications for PhD and post-doc positions. Some of the recruitment for post-doc positions also takes place in the context of EU networks. Vacant positions can be posted on a variety of electronic bulletin boards. Obviously the senior research staff has to play an active role in scouting and recruiting new staff. For permanent research positions special care is taken to ensure that vacant positions are brought to the attention of a wider scientific community.

Recruitment for temporary positions requires a pro forma approval of the human resources and financial support groups to check the availability of funds. For permanent positions, there is a more elaborate procedure which requires the approval of the dean. For all permanent scientific positions, extended international experience at an appropriate level is required. In the exceptional case of a candidate who is at an early stage of his/her scientific career, a substantial project period outside the Netherlands will be part of the contract conditions.

University : Utrecht University Institute : Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Research director : Prof. dr. B. de Wit

The selection procedure for filling a PhD position is the responsibility of the future PhD supervisor (and/or grant holder), but the procedure is often conducted in collaboration with one or more colleagues. Once the candidate has been identified and has in principle agreed to accept an appointment, the human resources support group is responsible for the employment contract and related issues such as immigration. For non-EU candidates immigration issues are becoming an increasing problem. Procedures not only take a lot of time and effort, but also they are slow and unpredictable. At the start of the contract, a job description must be submitted specifying the research plan with possible milestones, the educational activities that the student will have to participate in, and the supervision that will be provided. At least once a year there is a formal R&O discussion between the supervisor(s) and the PhD student.

When the research program is associated with a Research School, the PhD student must be admitted to the school which usually imposes stringent rules on the training and supervision of graduate students. The directors of the Research Institute and of administration meet several times a year with representatives of the PhD students and the leader of the human resources support group, to discuss issues that are important to the PhD students. In the case of grievances, PhD students can always turn to the special ombudsman, prof. Lamers. All these procedures are part of the Faculty 's quality plan for PhD students designed to ensure that the PhD candidate has an optimal chance of graduating within four years. This system has proven effective in reducing the drop-out rate (less than one per year) as well as the average time spent on the PhD projects.

The hiring of a postdoc is the responsibility of the grant holder. Lately the Faculty has become more aware of the fact that more senior postdoc candidates, although often more productive than junior candidates, may face difficulties in finding subsequent positions in academia after long-term employment as a postdoc. Whenever this is relevant, the Faculty advises the grant holder as well as the candidate, to give serious consideration to the possible career consequences of a prospective appointment. In principle, the program is required to maintain reserves for the payment of unemployment benefits in case the postdoc does not find subsequent employment.

For the hiring of assistant and associate professors the Faculty makes use of a selection committee, usually consisting of staff members from the research program, with one or two experts from outside the Faculty. The committee is requested to specifically consider the teaching qualifications of the candidates. The Faculty has not encountered difficulties in finding well-qualified candidates at this level. Unlike in the past, an assistant (DO) or associate professor (SDO) position is not considered a position for life, and career development is an important issue (see below). Combined with the fact that non-Dutch nationals have more frequently been hired who eventualy may return to their native country, this means that the average employment time in these ranks is decreasing. Because a lot of effort is put into the hiring of an assistant or associate professor it puts a high strain on the recruitment system.

The selection committee reports to the dean and in the case of a positive recommendation, the candidate is hired. The initial employment contract is for two years, and there are a number of criteria defined for converting the position, after maximally two years, into a

University : Utrecht University Institute : Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Research director : Prof. dr. B. de Wit permanent position. A standard requirement is the basic teaching certificate (BKO) and, for non-Dutch speaking candidates, a certain proficiency level in the Dutch language. All candidates for permanent positions are expected to be able to teach in fluent English, although this is currently not a condition of initial employment. In view of the fact that the prior selection is strict, the tenure decision is rarely negative, although it is possible that extra conditions are attached to the permanent appointment when one or more of the criteria are not yet fully satisfied.

Prior to the appointment of full professors, the dean consults the University Board (in practice the Rector) about the intention of hiring a professor in a given subject area. Full professors have the "ius promovendi", i.e. "the formal right to supervise a thesis", which in principle must be granted by the University Board prior to the actual hiring of a candidate. The approval of the University Board is often a formality, since the Faculty has a research plan with an accompanying budget and "ius promovendi" level that has been mutually agreed upon. An undesirable aspect of the Dutch rule to grant the "ius promovendi" only to full professors, is that assistent and associate professors who in many cases supervise PhD students, are not allowed to receive the formal credit for their work. The Faculty has often pleaded to change this rule, but so far without success.

The remainder of the procedure for selecting candidates for a full professorship is essentially the same as for the selection of assistant and associate professors, except that more stringent requirements are posed on the composition of the selection or search committee. Often the committee is given specific instructions, such as the area of expertise of the candidate or special qualifications. The committee submits its findings to the dean, who, depending on the complexity of the recommendations, will consult with the directors and outside experts. Eventually the dean contacts one or more candidates and conducts the negotiations leading to a possible appointment. Utrecht University has recently created a new set of professorships, in addition to a standard full professorship. One of these offers the option of hiring a candidate in a temporary position for five years, with the "ius promovendi" and with a tenure decision within the five years. This gives us an extra opportunity to attract promising candidates at an early stage of their career and somewhat eases the constraint on "ius promovendi" for full professors. The Faculty is actively trying to fill up the holes in the age profile of the research staff, among others by having overlap appointments with current chair holders. However, the Faculty has always been adamant not to appoint "follow up chairs", since this tends to restrict the optimal evalution (development) of the research profile of the Faculty, as well as to put a recently hired professor in the shadow of the previous chair holder.

The Faculty has actively tried to attract (Dutch or non-Dutch) candidates but found it increasingly difficult for the full professor positions, especially for female candidates. We are competing with the rest of the world for the few available candidates. Especially for the female candidates we have found offers not accepted for this reason. Regardless of gender the mobility of non-Dutch candidates, that brings them to Utrecht in the first place, is hampering their long-term commitment to Utrecht University. In view of the amount of effort spent in the recruitment, this has led to a more cautious policy towards such appointments.

University : Utrecht University Institute : Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Research director : Prof. dr. B. de Wit

A person hired for a permanent research position is generally expected to spend about 40% of his/her time on teaching and related issues. For the bachelor courses the allocation of the instructors is supervised by the Julius School director. Non-Dutch speaking staff will normally not be involved in class room teaching on the bachelor level (the instruction language on the bachelor level is Dutch) during the first years of employment. The actual teaching load has increased somewhat through the years, partly because the number of core employees has slightly decreased (more temporary personnel) and partly because the number of contact hours has increased.

All personnel, especially in the higher ranks, are expected to participate actively in administrative and policy-making procedures. As a consequence of changes in the law governing the Dutch universities, the number of permanent formal committees has lately been reduced. However, in the Netherlands there is a long tradition of continuous change in the structures of public education and research. New changes are often initiated before the effectiveness of previous ones has been assessed, and as a result even those changes that are regarded as positive often do not bear fruit. The universities and funding organizations have not been exempt from this and have to some extent become affected by the same problem. This has led to an increase in political and managerial duties in the Research Institute. The disenchantment with this situation is widespread, especially among the younger research staff and in the long run tends to make the Research Institute less attractive. There is no serious accounting of the manpower needed to carry out the various processes of change, but it is very substantial. This situation is by no means restricted to Utrecht University.

Staff members have become increasingly resistent to the demands of the non-core business, and it has proven difficult to develop inducements for these tasks. Time spent on policy- making issues is considered wasted and could be more productively spent on research. A program leader for an average sized program is expected to spend no more than ½ day per week related to administrative issues for the program. The three directors are expected to spend, respectively, 2 days (director Research Institute), 3 days (director Julius School) and 4-5 days (director Administration). The dean is expected to spend about 3½ days per week. It is hard to determine whether the reality is in agreement with the guidelines.

Career development opportunities, assessments, mobility and exchange policies: Realizing that a new and more flexible personnel policy was crucial, in 1999, the Faculty changed the rol of the 1995 staffing levels. Instead of having fixed numbers of assistant, associate and full professor positions, the Faculty converted the 1995 staffing levels to personnel budget levels per research group, based on the average salary costs per position type. In this way the career development of a young assistant professor is no longer hampered by a rigid formation agreement. As long as there is staff flexibility within a group, this will allow the promotion of an employee; if there is not and a promotion is nevertheless deemed desirable, agreements can be made to cover the personnel budget deficit sometime in the future. These agreements are typically long term (> 5 years) agreements. This change in policy requires careful monitoring, but has so far not led to a noticeable inflation in ranks.

With the advent of the Research Institute and its flexible basis of research programs, this model of personnel budget levels has reached its limit because the personnel budget levels are in principle subject to change as a result of the annual P&C cycle. This is especially

University : Utrecht University Institute : Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Research director : Prof. dr. B. de Wit important when discussing the creation of new programs or the termination of old ones. To deal with this aspect is a future challenge for the management in the Research Institute.

The line management model employed within the Faculty is reflected in the supervisor- employee relations. Each person within the Faculty has an assigned supervisor. The dean is the supervisor of all full professors and of the three directors. These relations are defined at the time of the appointment, but can be changed. Each employee is expected to meet his/her supervisor for the above mentioned periodic evaluation (R&O), at least once a year. A brief report of this evaluation is placed in the personnel file.

The Faculty has a designated budget for training related costs. This budget is often used by non-scientific personnel for acquiring certain technical skills, but also by PhD students for personal development and training. The latter is often included in the written research plan of the PhD student. These formal courses aim at improving the employability of the students. For recently hired research staff, the Faculty has, on an individual basis, offered professional external guidance.

The Faculty has adopted a sabbatical system where all permanent scientific personnel can save seven vacation days a year during three or five years. These saved days are matched by the Faculty so that the researcher can take a sabbatical leave of three or six months, respectively. This system has now been in place for four years, and the first employees have made use of it. Requests by the scientific personnel who want to accept visiting professorships elsewhere are considered on an individual basis. All requests for leave of absence are formally submitted to the dean and the decision is made on basis of the merits of the proposal. For short-term visits (less than two months) there is a minimal technical test of the proposal, but long-term visits are more thoroughly analyzed in the context of the research program and the teaching commitments. Usually the proposal is approved, possibly with certain conditions attached.

Age distribution scientific staff: One of the specific recommendations of the 1995 VSNU committee concerned the age distribution within the Faculty. Using the above mentioned instruments the Faculty has actively sought to improve the age profile. Figure 1 shows the age distribution of the tenured research staff as of 1-1-1996 and as of 31-12-02. Clearly, the distribution has become more evenly spread and the average age for all three categories has decreased. The figure takes into account the fraction that the permanent staff spends on research, according to the Tables 3 in Part B of this document. Noteworthy is the dip in the age distribution of full professors, which is due to insufficient hiring in this category during the early nineties and to the loss of several full professors during the evaluation period. The total number of research-active permanent staff has remained almost constant. In view of the anticipated budget cuts, it will be a challenge to keep improving this age profile in the coming years.

University : Utrecht University Institute : Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Research director : Prof. dr. B. de Wit

Figure 1: The age distribution of the permanent research staff weighed by the fraction attributed to research (listed in the tables 3 in Part B) as per 1 January 1996 and 31 December 2002.

Table 1 presents the the composition of the scientific staff of the Research Institute and its programs, as well as the total supporting staff for the Research Institute, all properly weighed by the fraction that can be attributed to research.

Table 1 Institute of Physics and Astronomy Research staff at institutional level 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Tenured staff 37,51 36,30 36,83 36,07 37,20 36,05 35,20 Non-tenured staff 42,01 38,74 34,68 43,83 57,07 59,87 58,19 PhD students 68,53 75,88 80,51 77,23 77,79 74,41 81,42 Total research staff 148,05 150,93 152,02 157,13 172,05 170,33 174,80

Supporting staff 129,00 141,40 135,10 143,60 138,50 142,80 133,40 Total staff 277,05 292,33 287,12 300,73 310,55 313,13 308,20

Research program level Name and present title Program nr. 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Atom Optics and Ultrafast Dynamics Program 1 Tenured staff 4,20 4,20 4,05 3,40 3,30 2,15 1,25 Non-tenured staff 1,87 2,92 2,02 0,08 0,00 0,00 0,10 PhD students 7,08 7,08 4,80 5,16 6,00 4,92 5,85 (sub) Total research staff 13,15 14,20 10,87 8,64 9,30 7,07 7,20

University : Utrecht University Institute : Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Research director : Prof. dr. B. de Wit

Soft condensed matter and biophysics Program 2 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Tenured staff 1,20 0,60 0,60 0,71 1,71 2,31 2,06 Non-tenured staff 2,58 2,42 1,42 2,67 6,33 7,50 8,83 PhD students 1,80 2,26 3,60 3,16 4,74 6,00 6,88 (sub) Total research staff 5,58 5,28 5,62 6,54 12,78 15,81 17,77

Surfaces, Interfaces and Devices Program 3 Tenured staff 4,40 4,40 4,30 4,30 4,63 4,30 4,40 Non-tenured staff 7,34 5,87 3,12 3,20 4,37 4,12 4,37 PhD students 9,96 13,62 12,66 10,80 10,68 8,04 8,93 (sub) Total research staff 21,70 23,89 20,08 18,30 19,68 16,46 17,70

History and Foundations of Science Program 4 Tenured staff 3,84 3,84 3,84 3,84 3,84 4,09 4,20 Non-tenured staff 2,06 1,56 1,26 1,26 0,89 1,73 2,06 PhD students 3,00 1,85 2,25 2,10 1,69 1,10 1,43 (sub) Total research staff 8,90 7,25 7,35 7,20 6,42 6,91 7,69

Physics of Man: Human Perception Program 5 Tenured staff 1,20 1,40 1,44 1,44 1,44 1,44 1,44 Non-tenured staff 3,45 1,27 0,43 0,78 1,80 1,17 2,75 PhD students 2,99 3,77 4,09 4,09 2,59 2,16 2,67 (sub) Total research staff 7,65 6,44 5,96 6,31 5,83 4,77 6,86

Perceptual Motor Integration Program 6 Tenured staff 1,20 1,20 1,20 1,20 1,20 1,35 1,80 Non-tenured staff 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,75 1,00 1,75 0,00 PhD students 1,80 2,16 2,70 2,70 3,06 3,84 4,50 (sub) Total research staff 3,00 3,36 3,90 4,65 5,26 6,94 6,30

Physics Education Program 7 Tenured staff 2,10 1,80 1,80 1,80 1,50 1,50 1,50 Non-tenured staff 1,52 1,60 1,17 0,55 1,07 1,60 1,43 PhD students 0,60 0,60 0,20 0,00 0,30 0,90 1,30 (sub) Total research staff 4,22 4,00 3,17 2,35 2,87 4,00 4,24

Subatomic Physics Program 8 Tenured staff 2,40 2,40 2,40 2,70 3,00 2,95 2,50 Non-tenured staff 0,00 0,50 1,00 1,00 0,50 0,00 0,00 PhD students 4,68 4,68 6,24 6,24 6,48 7,08 6,12 (sub) Total research staff 7,08 7,58 9,64 9,94 9,98 10,03 8,62

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Astrophysics Program 9 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Tenured staff 3,51 3,51 3,71 3,31 3,36 3,24 3,45 Non-tenured staff 4,82 2,29 2,79 3,54 4,12 4,58 4,79 PhD students 9,94 8,83 9,90 8,85 8,89 9,83 10,73 (sub) Total research staff 18,27 14,63 16,40 15,70 16,37 17,64 18,97

Marine and Atmospheric Research Program 10 Tenured staff 7,15 6,60 7,20 7,05 6,65 6,35 6,00 Non-tenured staff 12,36 15,17 15,31 19,09 22,95 20,61 15,19 PhD students 15,24 19,44 21,84 21,60 20,64 17,16 16,68 (sub) Total research staff 34,75 41,21 44,35 47,74 50,24 44,12 37,87

Quantum Gravity, Strings and Elementary Particles Program 11 Tenured staff 2,40 2,34 2,28 2,16 1,80 2,10 2,80 Non-tenured staff 2,01 2,00 4,75 9,08 8,45 8,58 9,58 PhD students 4,80 6,19 6,60 6,90 6,00 5,51 6,90 (sub) Total research staff 9,21 10,53 13,63 18,14 16,25 16,19 19,28

Condensed Matter Theory, Statistical and Computational Physics Program 12 Tenured staff 2,20 2,30 2,30 2,45 3,05 3,05 2,60 Non-tenured staff 0,92 0,90 1,01 1,09 4,58 7,23 8,08 PhD students 4,16 4,50 4,50 4,58 5,82 6,97 8,75 (sub) Total research staff 7,27 7,70 7,81 8,12 13,45 17,25 19,42

Solar Astrophysics Program 13 Tenured staff 1,71 1,71 1,71 1,71 1,71 1,24 1,20 Non-tenured staff 3,08 2,25 0,42 0,73 1,00 1,00 1,00 PhD students 2,48 0,90 1,13 1,05 0,90 0,90 0,68 (sub) Total research staff 7,27 4,86 3,26 3,49 3,61 3,14 2,88

Total research staff 148,05 150,93 152,02 157,13 172,05 170,33 174,80 Table 1: This table represents the actual fraction of the fte available for research; the research input of all personnel is quantified on the basis of a fixed standard for each function: - full professors 60% - associate professors (SDO) 60% - assistant professors (DO) 60% - post-doctoral fellows 100% - PhD students (AIO/OIO’s) 90% The research input is calculated in proportion to the size of the appointment of the researcher involved. In exceptional cases when a staff member has performed certain duties that have taken up an extra-proportional amount of time, the percentage of time for research has been adapted. The numbers are based on the numbers presented in the Tables 3 in Part B of the document.

Below we present some of the date of Table 1 in graphical form. Figure 2 shows the staff decomposition during the evaluation period. Although the graph seems to indicate that the main change was an increase in the number of non-tenured research staff, a more detailed

University : Utrecht University Institute : Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Research director : Prof. dr. B. de Wit analysis shows that there were many more changes whose combined effect averages out. A similar comment applies to Figure 2 which shows the research staff per program during the evaluation period. Here many of the changes are mainly due to program re-arrangements. These effects can be understood from the numbers presented in Table 1.

Figure 2: Distribution of the research and supporting staff of the Research Institute weighted by the fraction attributed to research during the evaluation period as listed in Table 1.

Figure 3: Distribution of the total research staff per research program during the evaluation period as listed in Table 1.

University : Utrecht University Institute : Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Research director : Prof. dr. B. de Wit

1.5. Resources, funding and facilities The Research Institute receives its funding from the University (direct funding) and the various project leaders in the Research Institute receive funding from a number of external funding agencies, as described in 1.3. The research funds from the Faculty are distributed over the research programs by means of the annual P&C cycle, which was described in 1.2. This was done for the first time in the fall of 2002.

The funding situation of the Research Institute is complex and has changed during the evaluation period. Funding provided by Utrecht University (1st stream) is included as ‘direct funding’ in table 2. The direct funding is composed of a rather stable research component and a variable component based on the number of (under)graduate students, dissertations, non-tenured staff and on (relatively minor) policy decisions of the University Board., The University Board decided that as of 2002 the Faculties and Departments should have a greater responsibility in the housing policies. Therefore an internal rental system was introduced, and the budget allocations for 2002 were increased to accommodate the newly introduced rental rates. Since the rental system was introduced in 2002 in a budget-neutral way, the increase in the budget allocations has not been included in the direct funding listed in Table 2a. The funding level and the rental rates are likely to develop independently in the future; therefore the next self-evaluation (after 2005) should preferably include the rental rates and the corresponding budget increase in 2002.

Table 2a Institute of Physics and Astronomy Funding and expenditure at institutional level in k€

Institutional level Funding: 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Direct funding 7.930 8.449 9.017 10.013 10.140 10.452 Research funds 2.673 3.380 2.915 3.260 4.188 4.461 3.991 Contracts 1.775 1.707 2.056 2.003 1.899 2.116 2.508 Other 500 391 666 674 1.075 1.040 443 Total 13.408 14.087 14.954 17.175 17.756 17.393

Expenditure: 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Personnel costs8 3.020 7.813 8.423 9.279 10.757 11.578 11.578 Other costs 1.929 5.595 5.664 5.675 6.418 6.179 5.815 Total 13.408 14.087 14.954 17.175 17.756 17.393

Research program level Program 19961997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Funding: Atom Optics and 1 1.787 1.798 1.821 1.336 1.353 876 Ultrafast Dynamics Soft Condensed Matter 2 637 406 697 1.264 1.735 1.458 and Biophysics

8 Personnel costs: all wages, salaries of the personnel including the social security charges, the donation to the provision “wachtgelden” (=reduced pay in case of unemployment), the cost of temporary workers or agency staff and other personnel costs like allowances for child care, commuter traffic etc.

University : Utrecht University Institute : Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Research director : Prof. dr. B. de Wit

Surfaces, Interfaces and 3 2.221 2.430 2.413 2.567 2.846 3.083 Devices History and Foundation 4 458 611 594 542 643 849 of Science Physics of Man Human 5 365 364 357 448 459 533 Perception Perceptual Motor 6 238 311 305 425 637 594 Integration Physics Education 7 752 724 810 811 1.080 1.057 Subatomic Physics 8 1.494 1.600 1.183 1.349 1.424 1.204 Astrophysics 9 829 957 1.000 1.183 1.220 1.326 Marine and Atmospheric 10 3.036 2.998 3.605 4.191 3.384 3.167 Research Quantum Gravity, 11 685 934 1.015 989 1.082 1.222 Strings and Elementary Particles Condensed Matter 12 490 543 630 1.007 1.222 1.219 Theory, Statistical and Computational Physics Solar Astronomy 13 418 412 523 1.064 670 778

Total 13.408 14.087 14.954 17.175 17.756 17.393 Table 2a: The funding and expenditure of the Research Institute during the evaluation period in k€.

Table 2b Institute of Physics and Astronomy Funding at institutional level in %

Institutional level Funding: 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Direct funding 59% 60% 60% 58% 57% 60% Research funds 25% 21% 22% 24% 25% 23% Contracts 13% 15% 13% 11% 12% 14% Other 3% 5% 5% 6% 6% 3% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

Table 2b: The funding of the Research Institute during the evaluation period in %.

A large proportion of the research funding is provided by NWO and is included in the 'research funding' listed in Table 2a. Until 1998, NWO was the employer of all personnel employed on basis of a NWO grant. Funding corresponding to these personnel costs could not be included in the financial administration. Beginning in 1998 Dutch Universities gradually became the employer of all personnel employed on basis of NWO grants, which made the corresponding personnel visible in the 'research funding'. Correspondingly the 'research funding' component steadily increased as can be seen in Table 2a. At this moment some parts of the NWO-support can still not be incorporated in the university accounting system (e.g. from ASTRON and STW) and they are therefore missing in Table 2. Personnel employed on the basis of FOM grants is employed by FOM, but the corresponding FOM funding has been included in the table based on data extracted from the FOM annual reports.

University : Utrecht University Institute : Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Research director : Prof. dr. B. de Wit

Special funds for climate research from the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (OCW) and funding from the Dutch Research School for Astronomy (NOVA) are included in Table 2a as 'other funding', although these funds are made available to the Research Institute through Utrecht University.

The funding and expenditure of the Research Institute shown in Table 2a is composed of the following four categories: - Direct funding: provided by Utrecht University (1st stream) - Research Funds: provided by NWO and its research councils and by KNAW (2nd stream) - Contracts: funds from third parties for specific research activities, including funds from EU framework programs and other EU funding (3rd stream) - Other funding: Special funds for climate research from the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (OCW) and funding from the Dutch Research School for Astronomy (NOVA).

To determine the expenditure, we used the following rules: - Personnel costs: cost of all research and support staff that can be attributed to research. For the tenured research staff 60% of all fte's is uniformly attributed to research - Other costs: The technical support from the central workshop (including overhead) and the technical and administrative support in the programs is fully accounted for at the program level. The cost of the management support groups is attributed to research at the 60% level, in proportion with the direct funding per program. The cost of the computer support group, the building cost and big infrastructure (e.g. cryogenics) is attributed to research for 80%, again in proportion to the direct funding per program. Half of the cost of the accelerators is attributed to program 3. In case costs were only known at the level of a Research Institute, they were attributed to the programs in proportion to the number of tenured staff - For the programs the numbers are in accord with those presented in the Tables 4 of Part B of this report

Since the financial administrative systems have been changed in the evaluation period, it is impossible to present a complete presentation of the funding and expenditure for 1996. Table 2b presents the funding as percentage of the total funding. Table 2c presents the direct funding, corrected for inflation, over the evaluation period.

Table 2c Institute of Physics and Astronomy Year 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Index 100 104 109 118 114 108

Table 2c: The direct funding (1st stream) of the Research Institute during the evaluation period corrected for inflation.

Figure 4 shows the funding of the Research Institute during the evaluation period, without indexation. The effect of the employment policy of NWO that we decribed earlier, is reflected in the increase of ‘research funds’ around 1999. There has obviously been an

University : Utrecht University Institute : Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Research director : Prof. dr. B. de Wit increase in funding during the first part of the evaluation period, followed by a decrease (when accounting for inflation).

Figure 4: Funding of the Research Institute during the evaluation period as listed in Table 2.

The Faculty of Physics and Astronomy has a substantial reserve, roughly equivalent to one year direct funding from the university. Half of the total budgetary reserve of the Faculty consists of funds allocated to programs, and this was the reason why one of the issues of the 2003 P&C cycle was the budgetary reserves of the programs. Concrete projects with joint program/ Faculty funding were decided upon for some of the programs. This should, in the coming years, reduce the budgetary reserves. As was already discussed in 1.1, the Faculty has identified a number of promising new research directions related to the physics of the life sciences.

The funding situation within the university is a point of concern. Utrecht University will have to cut back the overall direct expenditures on research and education by about 10%. This is caused by increasing costs for the housing partly due to new government policies. The University Board has decided that cut-backs in education funding should be avoided, because the recent introduction of the bachelor master system has already strained the education part of the budget. Since the Faculty of Physics and Astronomy has about 2% of the total turnover in the education budget and 10% of the total turnover of the research budget of the university, the decrease in the research budget will hit the Faculty hard. Linearly extrapolating from the present, the Faculty will have to save about 2,5 M€ on a total direct funding budget of ca. 19,5 M€ in 2007. Although it is possible to achieve this by not filling vacancies between 2003 and 2007, this would clearly be undesirable. It is therefore the intention of the current Faculty Board to make a master plan for the budgetary cuts taking into account the results of the present evaluation of the Research Institute.

University : Utrecht University Institute : Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Research director : Prof. dr. B. de Wit

1.6. Processes in research, internal and external collaboration With very few exceptions, all research activities of the Research Institute are carried out in the context of the research programs. The Research Institute closely follows the scientific activities that take place in the programs and tries to facilitate matters related to the infrastructure, the human resources and the external funding. The director of the Research Institute speaks at least twice a year with a delegation of the graduate students. More information on these topics can be found in the program descriptions in Part B.

1.7. Academic reputation The Research Institute's academic reputation is solely derived from the academic reputation of the research programs, which are discussed in Part B. The last time the Research Institute as a whole was reviewed, was the 1995 VSNU research assessment. The results of this national assessment were published in 1996 [3]. Several programs or combinations of programs have been evaluated, mostly in the context of research schools. Below we present a list of evaluations that took place during the evaluation period: 1998: The Netherlands Research School for Astronomy (NOVA) 1999: The Dutch Research School of Theoretical Physics (DRSTP). 2000: Helmholtz Research School 2000: Huizinga Research School 2000: Research School Subatomic Physics (OSAF) 2000: Buys Ballot Research School (BBOS) 2002: International peer review of the Debye Research School 2003: Evaluation of the Physics Education Program

1.8. Internal evaluation and analysis, perspectives and expectations for the research Strenghts: The Research Institute covers a broad research profile, with a diverse range of programs motivated by questions both of a fundamental scientific nature and of relevance to society. The fact that it is one of the largests Physics and Astronomy Faculties in the Netherlands with a number of programs that are unique on the national scale, attracts a large number of good students and enables the Faculty to respond in a flexible way to new developments. In general there is a growing trend to more synergy between the research themes. The Faculty has an infrastructure that is good to excellent.

Weaknesses: It is not easy to define the optimal balance between a broad research profile on the one hand and enough focus on the other hand. Part of the experimental research lacks sufficient visibility and some of the research programs have difficulty finding qualified candidates for PhD positions. In spite of much effort, recruitment of resarch staff has turned out to be increasingly difficult. The Faculty has not yet overcome the negative effect of the reduced level of hiring of permanent research staff in the early 90's.

Opportunities: The newly formed Beta-Federation of five UU Faculties, i.e., Biology, Chemistry, Farmaceutical Sciences, Mathematics and Informatics, and Physics and Astronomy, offers opportunities for the possible extension and/or the creation of research programs of an interdisciplinary nature. The newly adopted program structure of the

University : Utrecht University Institute : Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Research director : Prof. dr. B. de Wit

Research Institute and the P&C cycle should be helpful in initiating such new ventures. The presence of the newly created (international) masters programs will ensure additional visibility and the availability of talented students and candidates for PhD positions. The Faculty has kept some reserves, in spite of the forthcoming general budget cuts, to finance new initiatives.

Threats: Talented researchers are in high demand in the internationally competitive world of the sciences and we have to compete for the relatively few candidates available.

The research staff increasingly sees the extended rounds of meetings and deliberations that accompany changes in structure of research and education as a threat to their core bussiness, which they perceive as research and teaching at an internationally competitive level. This, together with the lack of real commitment in the national arena to a strengthening of the scientific, technological and educational base, tends to makes the Research Institute less attractive to young researchers.

Another threat concerns the future perspective for research funding. At present all Dutch universities have budgetary problems and in Utrecht the impact of this is most strongly felt in the research funding. The future of the Research Institute depends strongly on its potential for attracting talented research staff and students, which is in turn closely linked to the excellence of the research now and in the near future.

While the Beta-Federation offers opportunities, there is also a fear that the huge size of the federation will have a negative effect on the level and quality of technical and administrative support. The lack of bottom-up processes in the movement towards the federation so far, adds to these concerns.

1.9. External validation The effects of collaboration and dissemination of research results are best discussed at the level of the separate research programs and can be found in Part B of the document. The Faculty stimulates and supports activities of this kind. The big hall of the Minnaert building is an excellent gathering place which is made available for outreach and information to a wider audience from highschools and to the general public. The Faculty also stimulates national initiatives through FOM and the VSNU physics and astronomy sections (the so- called Kamers Natuurkunde en Sterrenkunde). These initiatives are often directed to undergraduate teaching; also a new web page is supported for high school students and teachers (http://www.natuurkunde.nl/) to stimulate an interest in physics and astronomy. In the future it is necessary to keep pursuing an active role in this.

Through its Physics Education program (7), the Faculty is involved in networks of neighbouring high-schools aimed at supporting science teachers and at facilitating contacts between high-school students and the Faculty. Through a special project the Faculty assists hundreds of high-school teachers in the Netherlands in performing experiments on radioactivity together with their students.

University : Utrecht University Institute : Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Research director : Prof. dr. B. de Wit

Another outreach program is the so-called Science Shop (wetenschapswinkel), which works in a network of outreach programs within Utrecht University. The Science Shop has one permanent employee, with a scientific supervisor from the Julius School of Physics and Astronomy, and a number of PhD students (as part of their teaching duties) and (paid) undergraduate students are involved in its projects, based on requests from the surrounding community. The Physics Science Shop is specialized in vibration and noise (sound) and has been involved, for example, in various noise monitoring projects around Schiphol Airport. Projects are done free of charge and are only accepted from individuals and non-profit organizations.

Recently, the University Board has taken initiatives in close cooperation with the Dutch Association of Chemical Industries (VNCI), to establish a Graduate School of Applied Science. Students from the Faculty of Chemistry, but also from the Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, can follow a masters or PhD track in the school. Such students can perform part of their work for the degree in an industrial laboratory, or conversely, scientists working in industry may be able to obtain a PhD degree at Utrecht University.

University : Utrecht University Institute : Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Research director : Prof. dr. B. de Wit

Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 1 : Atom Optics and Ultrafast Dynamics Program Leader : Prof. dr. J.I. Dijkhuis

2. Documentation per research program

Title of the program Atom Optics and Ultrafast Dynamics

Program leaders Prof. dr. J.I. Dijkhuis (from 2001) Directors Debye Institute Prof. dr. F.H.P.M. Habraken (from 2000) Prof. dr. H.N.W. Lekkerkerker (from 1998 until 2000) Prof. dr. W.F. van der Weg (until 1998)

Starting date of the program Formally this program started when the two independent laser groups of the department active in atomic and condensed matter physics were merged.

Research area and mission Ultrafast spectroscopy of nanostructures, coherent phonons, acoustic solitons; laser cooling, cold atom collisions, photo-associative spectroscopy, optical lattices, quantum degeneracy. This program aims at the experimental study and understanding of nonlinear properties of laser-excited atomic and condensed matter systems at a fundamental level, taking full advantage of state-of-the-art ultrafast and high-resolution optical facilities.

Formal affiliations outside Debye Institute and Research School. the Research Institute

2.1. Leadership The program leader has the overall responsibility for the program, both with respect to the quality and the cohesion of the research and with respect to the budget that is provided by the Faculty. He is responsible for the internal coordination and cooperation within the program, for organizing the human resources and for maintaining and developing the external contacts. This is in close collaboration with the other chair holder. Together with the leaders of the other research programs he discusses the general policies of the Research Institute at regular meetings and makes recommendations to the director. The program leader represents the program in the P&C session that is organized by the Faculty Board once a year, where the plans and budget request for the coming year are presented. The presentations form the basis for the budget allocations made by the Faculty Board for the subsequent year. This program is part of the Debye Institute. The program leader has to optimize his activities within the Institute. See also: Part A, 1.2.

37 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 1 : Atom Optics and Ultrafast Dynamics Program Leader : Prof. dr. J.I. Dijkhuis

2.2. Strategy and policy This program aims at the understanding of laser-excited atomic and condensed matter systems at the fundamental level, in particular in the field of coherent matter and nonlinear wave phenomena. The research is experimental, is curiosity driven, uses state-of-the-art ultrafast and high-resolution optical facilities, and seeks strong collaboration with the program Theory of Condensed Matter, Statistical and Computational Physics.

This program emerged from the Atomic, Molecular and Surfaces Physics group and the Condensed Matter Physics group of the Faculty of Physics and Astronomy. The research projects on thermal collision physics, antiferromagnetism, and electrical noise in semiconductors were terminated in order to increase the focus of this program: laser cooling and ultrafast dynamics. The laser cooling project aims at creating a Bose-Einstein condensate in an optical lattice to study coherent matter waves in a periodic potential and demonstrate phase transitions and elementary excitations of this novel form of coherent matter. The ultrafast dynamics project focuses on creating coherent superposition states of electrons, phonons or other elementary excitations in photonic crystals and amorphous semiconductors to study nonlinear wave phenomena such as photon echo, superradiance, acoustic soliton formation, shock waves, and laser-induced phase transitions. The intention is to have a strong and coherent program (at one location) in the well-equipped experimental rooms at the Ornstein Laboratory. The program builds on the vivid collaboration over the years on the laser-technical level and on teaching of undergraduate and advanced courses on Fourier optics, lasers, optical resonances, and light-matter interaction. This allows the program to effectively combine the expertise and infrastructure on ultrafast and high-resolution laser spectroscopy, low-temperature physics and laser cooling, and thus to arrange a new basis to study the properties of novel forms of quantum matter. The challenge for the program is to keep the infrastructure at the forefront of research, make the program robust and united, and seek and profit from synergy in the physics problems addressed.

The program acts quickly if needed: recently, we embarked on a new research project on the interaction of ultrafast light pulses with cold atoms, an essentially unexplored area in the field of coherent matter. Here, the internal strength and potential of the program can become very manifest because all essential expertise is available. Novel schemes for cooling, manipulating, and compressing cold atoms are within reach. Further enhancements of the common focus of the program are found in the measurement of nonlinear optical properties of cold atomic clouds by ultrafast pump-probe laser techniques and the spectroscopy of elementary excitations in Bose-Einstein condensates by dynamic light scattering.

2.3. Processes in research, internal and external collaboration The research of the program is carried out largely by graduate students. The PhD projects are supervised by the scientific staff. This enables to detect problems at an early stage, and to redirect the course of research when necessary. Daily supervision of the undergraduate students is done by the graduate students. Optimal conditions for undergraduate and graduate students to perform attractive experimental research are found in the availability of excellent apparatus and infrastructure supervised by a small but

38 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 1 : Atom Optics and Ultrafast Dynamics Program Leader : Prof. dr. J.I. Dijkhuis skillful technical staff that unites the indispensable expertise in lasers, optics, electronics, vacuum, cryogenics, and mechanics. Graduate students share the complex experimental setups and mutually profit from their experiences and talents both on the technical and the scientific level. Care is taken that students act as a team and learn from each other as much as possible by creating an open, low-threshold friendly atmosphere. Some graduate students carry out a combined experimental and theoretical project and are additionally supervised by the staff of the program Theory of Condensed Matter, Statistical and Computational Physics. Working discussions are organized on the project level on a regular basis to coordinate the technical efforts of the program, to communicate the results of the research, to brainstorm and to solve problems. The internal collaboration of the program is stimulated by the Seminar Atom Optics and Ultrafast Dynamics organized every other week. Here research is presented of the graduate- and undergraduate students and of visiting guests.

As to the quality control, a significant and original individual achievement has to be realized depending on the talent and capabilities of the student. Graduate students are supposed to present papers on international conferences, publish in high-standard journals and in some cases collaborate with groups abroad. At present, the program runs projects on the following subjects: acoustic solitons, ultrafast dynamics of colloids, ultrafast Bragg switching, electrical noise in a-Si:H, cold collisions, theory and experiments of cold atoms in optical lattices. To attract talented graduate students is, of course, a vital point for the program. At present one PhD student is from abroad (Russia) and eight are from the Netherlands. We consider the relatively high fraction of Dutch graduate students as a strong basis and an indication that we are on the right track.

In the Debye Institute, the program collaborates with the program Surface Interfaces and Devices and participates in the Breedtestrategie-project Physics of Colloidal Matter. On the national level we participate in the FOM programs Cold Atoms and Waves in Complex Media. Recently, substantial support (1 PhD and 1 post-doc) was granted by the EU in the program Cold Molecules. The program further participates on a regular basis in experiments at FELIX in Nieuwegein.

International contacts and collaborations are with the Ioffe Institute in St.Petersburg (Russia), SUNY at Stony Brook (USA), NIST Gaithersburg (USA), Ecole Normale Superieur (France), the University of Georgia in Athens (USA), and the University of Sheffield (UK).

2.4. Academic reputation Van der Straten holds a part-time professorship at the Technical University of Eindhoven since fall 2000.

2.5. Internal evaluation and analysis, perspectives and expectations for the research program Strengths. The program is one of the players in the booming field of physics of cold atoms, but also has a reputation in the field of nonlineair optics and coherent vibrations in the ultrafast time domain. The strength is in the combination: it is one of few groups in the world that apply single-frequency laser techniques with ultrafast spectroscopy to one physical

39 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 1 : Atom Optics and Ultrafast Dynamics Program Leader : Prof. dr. J.I. Dijkhuis system. The program contributes to competing subjects such as coherent matter, photonic crystals and disordered materials. The program offers a research environment that is attractive for ambitious young graduate students. A further vital point is the collaboration with the programs Soft Condensed Matter and Theory of Condensed Matter, Statistical and Computational Physics.

Weaknesses. The presence of only two senior staff members makes the program vulnerable as it limits the time and effort available to maintain the desired quality of the research and infrastructure of the program. The connection with other Dutch experimental groups is limited and should be reinforced.

Opportunities. The main challenge for the program in the near future is to study the properties of a Bose-Einstein condensate in optical lattices and demonstrate phase transitions for coherent matter waves. There are novel opportunities in slowing down and compressing cold atoms by femtosecond optical pulse trains, schemes that are potentially applicable to cold molecules as well.

Threats. The lack of qualified graduate students at the national and international level is a serious threat. The availability of a good number of excellent graduate students is a prerequisite to carry out the ambitious experimental and theoretical research of the program. A further threat is the anticipated decay of proper expertise on the instrumental level (cryogenics, vacuum technology, and electronics) when the technicians retire. Hiring this expertise and commercially purchasing the dedicated apparatus will demand considerable budget.

2.6. External validation The primary focus of this program is fundamental research and the training of physicists for jobs in industry and society. As to the direct applications of the research, the ultrafast optical work may lead to new schemes and structures for optical communication and ultrafast optical switching. The atom optics work can on the long term have impact on fabricating nanostructures in a coherent manner with yet unknown potential. Finally, Bose-Einstein condensates are considered to be relevant for metrology and the creation of quantum computers.

2.7. Researchers and other personnel One of the main tasks of the program is to spot and recruit talented young graduate students and guide them through a successful PhD project, which includes scientific training, writing scientific papers, presenting talks and lectures, and management training. Further responsibilities on the program level are the coaching and guiding of post docs, the technical staff and secretary. Finally, the program can initiate the process of recruiting young scientific staff through the annual P&C cycle.. From 1996 until 2001 the program produced 17 PhD theses in category 1. From these, the present chair holders of the program supervised 9 PhD theses. No students dropped out of the PhD program.

40 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 1 : Atom Optics and Ultrafast Dynamics Program Leader : Prof. dr. J.I. Dijkhuis

Table 3: Atomic Optics and Ultrafast Dynamics Research staff at program level Name and present title ‘96 ‘97 ‘98 ‘99 ‘00 ‘01 ‘02

Full professors H.W. de Wijn 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,25 J.I. Dijkhuis 0,10 0,60 0,60 0,60 H.G.M. Heideman 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,05 A. Niehaus 0,30 0,30 0,30 0,30 0,30 0,10 P. van der Straten 0,20 0,60 0,60 Associate professors A.F.M. Arts 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 J.I. Dijkhuis 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,50 H. Rudolph 0,30 0,30 0,15 W. Westerveld 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,10 P. van der Straten 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,40 Total tenured staff 4,20 4,20 4,05 3,40 3,30 2,15 1,25

Post-doctoral fellows M. Lundsgaard 1,00 1,00 0,42 M. Pieksma 0,92 1,00 0,08 J. Thomsen 0,67 1,00 0,25 Part time professors A.V. Akimov 0,20 0,35 0,10 H.C.W. Beijerinck 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PhD students Total 7,08 7,08 4,80 5,16 6,00 4,92 5,85 Total non tenured staff 8,95 10,00 6,82 5,24 6,00 4,92 5,95

Total research staff 13,15 14,20 10,87 8,64 9,30 7,07 7,20 This table represents the actual fraction of the fte available for research, the research input of all personnel is quantified on the basis of a fixed standard for each function: full professors 60% associate professors (SDO) 60% assistant professors (DO) 60% post-doctoral fellows 100% PhD students (AIO/OIO’s) 90% The research input is calculated in proportion to the size of the appointment of the researcher involved. In exceptional cases when a staff member has performed duties that have taken up an extra-proportional amount of time, the percentage of time for research has been adapted.

2.8. Resources, funding and facilities Dedicated infrastructure of the program includes a Zeeman slower, several magneto optical traps, the Hurricane high-power femtosecond laser, and further laser- and other optical equipment.

41 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 1 : Atom Optics and Ultrafast Dynamics Program Leader : Prof. dr. J.I. Dijkhuis

Table 4a Atom Optics and Ultrafast Dynamics Funding at program level in K€ Funding 1996 19971998 1999 2000 2001 2002 97-02 average

Direct funding 1.066 1.234 1.351 1.006 839 616 1.019 Research funds 464 552 533 433 329 514 260 437 Contracts 112 17031 37 1 0 0 40 Other

Total 1.7811.798 1.721 1.336 1.353 876 1.495 Table 4a: The funding of the program during the evaluation period in k€.

Table 4b Atom Optics and Ultrafast Dynamics Funding at program level in % Funding 1996 19971998 1999 2000 2001 2002 97-02 average

Direct funding 60% 69% 74% 75% 62% 70% 68% Research funds 31% 30% 24% 25% 38% 30% 29% Contracts 10%2% 2% 0% 0% 0% 3% Other

Total 100%100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

Table 4b: The funding of the program during the evaluation period in %. For an explanation see Research Institute documentation.

Support from the EU - EU Program Cold Molecules (2001, graduate student, post-doc) - EU Postdoc (J. Thomsen) - EU Postdoc (M. Lundsgaard) - EU Workshop ESCOLAR (Rust 1998, Krete 1999)

Support from FOM FOM program Period Support AQ &GM 3-4 graduate students Cold Atoms 1999-2002 1 graduate student Waves in Complex Media 2002-2007 1 graduate student

FOM projectruimte Dynamics in Optical Lattices 1999 1 graduate student Ultrafast Bragg Switching 1999 1 graduate student Generation and propagation of Acoustic 2000 1 graduate student Solitons 1 guest Low Dimensional Bose Gases in an 2002 1 graduate student Optical Lattice

42 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 1 : Atom Optics and Ultrafast Dynamics Program Leader : Prof. dr. J.I. Dijkhuis

FOM Investment Hurricane Ti-sapphire laser 290 k€

Support from the "Breedtestrategie - "Physics of Colloidal Matter" (1 graduate student, investments: 90k€).

2.9. Overview of the results 1. Key Publications 1. Molenaar, P.A., P. van der Straten, and H.G.M. Heideman, Long-Range Predissociation in Two-Color Photo ionization of Ultra cold Na Atoms, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 1460 (1996).

2. Vledder, P., A.V. Akimov, J.I. Dijkhuis, J. Kusano, Y. Aoyagi, and T. Sugano, Transport of superradiant excitons, in GaAs single quantum wells, Phys. Rev. B 56, 15282 (1997).

3. Voort, M. van der, C.W. Rella, A.F.G. van der Meer, A.V. Akimov, and J.I. Dijkhuis, Dynamics of Si-H vibrations in an amorphous environment, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 1236 (2000).

4. Herschbach, N., P.J.J. Tol, W. Vassen, W. Hogervorst, G. Woestenenk, J.W. Thomsen, P. Van der Straten, and A. Niehaus, Photo association spectroscopy of cold He (23S) atoms, Phys. Rev. Lett . 84, 1874 (2000).

5. Oosten, D. van, P. van der Straten, and H.T.C. Stoof, Quantum phases in an optical lattice, Phys. Rev. A63, 053601 (2001).

6. Muskens, L. and Jaap I. Dijkhuis, High Amplitude, Ultrashort, Longitudinal Strain Solitons in Sapphire, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 285504 (2002)

2. Dissertations 1996: J.J. Blangé (category1) Ionization processes in thermal and ultracold collisions between Sodium atoms promotors: Prof. Dr. H.G.M. Heideman Prof. Dr. H.C.W. Beijerinck co-promotores: Dr. H. Rudolph Dr. H.A. Dijkerman

1996: P.A. Molenaar (category1) Photo associative reactions of laser-cooled sodium promotors: Prof. dr. H.G.M. Heideman Prof. dr. G. Nienhuis co-promotor: Dr. P. van der Straten.

43 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 1 : Atom Optics and Ultrafast Dynamics Program Leader : Prof. dr. J.I. Dijkhuis

1996: P.J. Rump (category1) Phonon studies in LiY1-xHoxF4 promotor: Prof. dr. H.W. de Wijn co-promotor: Dr. A.F.M. Arts.

1997: P. Vledder (category1) Picosecond exciton dynamics in gallium-arsenide quantum wells promotor: Prof. dr. J.I. Dijkhuis.

1997: P.A.W.E. Verleg (category1) Noise spectroscopy of hydrogenated amorphous silicon promotor: Prof. dr. J.I. Dijkhuis.

1997: P.A. Walree (category1) Coherent phonon avalanches promotor: Prof. dr. H.W. de Wijn co-promotor: Dr. ir. A.F.M. Arts.

1997: H.C. Mastwijk (category1) Cold collisions of metastable Helium atoms promotor: Prof. dr. A. Niehaus co-promotor: Dr. P. van der Straten.

1998: M.G. Peters (category1) Noise measurements on silicon quantum dots promotor: Prof. dr. J.I. Dijkhuis

1998: D. J. Dieleman (category1) Physical optics of high-frequency acoustic beams promotor: Prof. dr. H.W. de Wijn co-promotor: Dr. ir. A.F.M. Arts

1998:W.L.Planje (category1) Inelastic processes in atomic collisions involving ground state and laser-prepared atoms promotor: Prof. Dr. A. Niehaus co-promotor: Dr. W.B. Westerveld

1999: T.L. Sonnemans (category1) Thermal He(23S)-atom scattering from a Cu(100) surface promotor: Prof. dr. A. Niehaus co-promotors: Dr. P. van der Straten Dr. P.A. Zeijlmans van Emmichoven

1999: J.P.G. Valkonet (category1) Two-dimensional magnetic systems with frustrated random exchange interactions promotor: Prof. dr. H.W. de Wijn co-promotor: Dr. A.F.M. Arts

44 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 1 : Atom Optics and Ultrafast Dynamics Program Leader : Prof. dr. J.I. Dijkhuis

1999: M. van der Voort (category1) Dynamics of vibrations in amorphous silicon promotor: Prof. dr. J.I. Dijkhuis

2000: A. Amelink (category1) Photo association of ultra cold Sodium atoms promotor: Prof. dr. H.G.M. Heideman co-promotor: Dr. P. van der Straten.

2000: M. Benndorf (category1) Fragmentation dynamics of small molecules after absorption of synchrotron radiation promotor: Prof. dr. H.G.M. Heideman co-promotor: Dr. W.B. Westerveld

2001: L.G. Tilstra (category1) Stimulated emission of phonons in an acoustic cavity promotor: Prof. dr. H.W. de Wijn co-promotor: Dr. A.F.M. Arts.

2001: G. Woestenenk (category1) Photo association of cold metastable Helium atoms promotors: Prof. dr. A. Niehaus Prof. dr. P. van der Straten.

3. Numerical Overview of the results Table 5 Program results: output numbers ‘96 ‘97 ‘98 ‘99 ‘00 ‘01 ‘02 Total

1. Academic a. In refereed 19 11 10 18 8 6 9 6* 87 publications journals

b. other publications Total 19 11 10 18 8 6 9 6* 87

2. PhD theses 343322 0 17 *Submitted and not yet published as of 31 December 2002

4. Full list of publications (1996-2002) 1996 (refereed) Baerveldt, A.W., W.B. Westerveld, J. van Eck, and H.G.M. Heideman, Polarization and orientation in electron impact excitation to Ne*(2p5 3p) states, Can.J. Phys. 74: 897-905 (1996).

45 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 1 : Atom Optics and Ultrafast Dynamics Program Leader : Prof. dr. J.I. Dijkhuis

Blangé, J.J., X. Urbain, H. Rudolph, H.A. Dijkerman, H.C.W. Beijerinck, and H.G.M. Heideman, Wavelength-dependent photodissociation as a probe for vibrational energy distributions in molecular ions, J.Phys. B 29, 565 (1996)

Damen, E.P.N., A.F.M. Arts, and H.W. de Wijn, Monochromatic acoustic waves generated by laser-induced, thermomodulation, Progress in Natural Science 6, S-449 (National Natural Science Foundation of China, 1996).

Dijkhuis, J.I., A.J. Scholten, A.V. Akimov, Localized high-frequency phonons in amorphous materials , Physica B Cond. Mat. 219 & 220 228(1996).

Dijkhuis, J.I., Dynamics of high-frequency phonons in amorphous silicon, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 41 732(1996).

Heideman, H.G.M., Coherences between the excitation of autoionizing states of widely different energies, 5th International Workshop Autoionization Phenomence in Atoms, Moscow University Press 57-61. (1996).

Hoogerland, M.D., H.F.P. de Bie, H.C.W. Beijerinck, E.J.D. Vredenbregt, K.A.H. van Leeuwen, P. van der Straten, H.J. Metcalf, Force, diffusion and channeling in sub-Doppler laser cooling, Phys. Rev. A 54 (1996) 3206-3218.

Molenaar, P.A., P. van der Straten, H.G.M. Heideman, Long-Range Predissociation in Two- Color Photoassociation of Ultra cold Na Atoms, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77 no. 8 (1996) 1460-1463.

Peters, M.G., Y. Shi, J.I. Dijkhuis, M.J.M. de Jong, L.W. Molenkamp, Random telegraph signals in the Coulomb blockade regime, The Physics of Semiconductors, ed. Scheffler, Zimmerman, p. 1979 (World-Scientific Press 1996).

Rudolph, H, X. Urbain, Vibrational branching ratios for single-photon ionization of Na2, Phys. Rev. A 53, no. 6 (1996) 4111-4119.

Rump, P.J., A.F.M. Arts, H.W. de Wijn, and M. Nielsen, Dynamics of coupled electron-phonon modes in LiHo1-xYxF4, Physica B 219, 760 (1996).

Scholten, A.J., J.I. Dijkhuis, Decay of high-frequency phonons in amorphous silicon, Phys. Rev. B 53, 3837 (1996).

Scholten, A.J., A.V. Akimov, and J.I. Dijkhuis, The transport of 29 cm-1 phonons in hydrogenated amorphous silicon, Phys. Rev. B 54 12151(1996).

Urbain, X. and H. Rudolph, Vibrational branching ratios resulting for single-photon ionization of Na2, Phys. Rev. A, 4111 (1996)

Vledder, P., J.I. Dijkhuis, Superradiance and transport of excitons in gallium arsenide single quantum wells, in "Excitonic processes in Condensed matter", ed. Schreiber, p. 119 (Dresden, Univ. press., 1996).

46 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 1 : Atom Optics and Ultrafast Dynamics Program Leader : Prof. dr. J.I. Dijkhuis

Vledder, P., J.I. Dijkhuis, Coherent ultra fast spectroscopy using the Doppler effect, in "The Physics of semiconductors", ed. Scheiffler/Zimmerman, p. 781 (World Scientific press 1996), and IEEE 96 TH 8162, 205.

Vledder, P., F.J.P. Schuurmans, and J.I. Dijkhuis, Superradiant excitons in GaAs single quantum wells, "The Physics of Semiconductors" ed. Scheiffler/Zimmerman, p. 1979 (World Scientific press, 1996) and IEEE, 96TH8162 p. 16.

Walree, P.A. van., A.F.M. Arts, H.W. de Wijn, and A.A. Kaplyanskii, Nonequilibrium phonons in Cr3+-doped germanate glass, Physica B 219, (1996) 757.

Westerveld, W.B., J. van der Weg, J. van Eck, H.G.M. Heideman and J.B. West, "Electron- ion coincidence measurements following 1sc-photoabsorption of CO, Chem.Phys.Lett. 252: 107-111 (1996).

1997 (refereed) Blangé, J.J., J.M. Zijlstra, A. Amelink, X. Urbain, H. Rudolph, P. van der Straten, H.C.W. + Beijerinck, and H.G.M. Heideman, Vibrational state distribution of Na2 ions created in ultracold collisions, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 3089 (1997)

Blangé, J.J., G. Aben, H. Rudolph, H.C.W. Beijerinck, and H.G.M. Heideman, Associative 2 2 ionization in collisions between excited Na atoms in the 3 P3/2 and the 3 P1/2 states, J.Phys. B 30, 2789 (1997)

Blangé, J.J., X. Urbain, H. Rudolph, H.A. Dijkerman, H.C.W. Beijerinck, and H.G.M. Heideman, Vibrational state distributions resulting from associative ionization in Na(3p)- Na(3p) collisions, J.Phys. B 30, 565 (1997)

Eck, J van, W.B. Westerveld, J. van der Weg, H.G.M. Heideman, J.B. West, Fragmentation of small molecules,. Synchrotron Radiation Depart., Scientific Reports (1997) 463-464.

Fokker, P.A., J.I. Dijkhuis, and H.W. de Wijn, Stimulated emission of phonons in an acoustical cavity, Phys. Rev. B 55, 2925 (1997).

Fokker, P.A., R.S. Meltzer, Y.P. Wang, J.I. Dijkhuis, and H.W. de Wijn, Suppression of stimulated phonon emission in ruby by a magnetic field gradient, Phys. Rev. B 55, 2934 (1997).

Fokker, P.A., W.D. Koster, J.I. Dijkhuis, H.W. de Wijn, L. Lu, R.S. Meltzer, and W.M. Yen, Stimulated emission of phonons in a ruby fiber, Phys. Rev. B 56, 2306 (1997).

Molenaar, P.A., P. van der Straten, H.G.M. Heideman, H. Metcalf, Diagnostic technique for Zeeman-compensated atomic beam slowing: Technique and results, Physical Review A 55, no. 1 (1997) 605-614.

47 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 1 : Atom Optics and Ultrafast Dynamics Program Leader : Prof. dr. J.I. Dijkhuis

Peters, M.G., A.J. Jansen, J.I. Dijkhuis, M.J.M. de Jong, and L.W. Molenkamp, Dynamics of random telegraph signals in the Coulomb blockade regime, in "Noise in Physical Systems and 1/f Fluctuations", edited by Claes and Simoen, World Scientific (Singapore), p.236 (1997).

Verleg, P.A.W.E., O. Uca, and J.I. Dijkhuis, Noise induced by structural changes and carrier trapping in hydrogenated amorphous silicon, in "Noise in Physical Systems and 1/f Fluctuations", edited by Claes and Simoen, World Scientific (Singapore), p. 442 (1997).

Vledder, P., A.V. Akimov, J.I. Dijkhuis, J. Kusano, Y. Aoyagi, and T. Sugano, Transport of superradiant excitons, in GaAs single quantum wells, Phys. Rev. B56, 15282 (1997).

1998 (refereed) Baerveldt, A.W., W B Westerveld, J van Eck, H G M Heideman, G D Menêses, G Csanak, R E H Clark and J Abdallah Jr, Cross sections, polarization and orientation in electron- impact excitation to Ne*(2p5 3p) states, J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 31: 573-591 (1998).

Benndorf, M.; Westerveld, W.B.; v. Eck, J.; v.d. Weg, J.; Heideman, H.G.M., Electron-ion coincidence measurements on N2 after 1s photoabsorption, Chemical Physics Letters 286: 321-328 (1998).

Damen, E. P. N., A. F. M. Arts, and H. W. de Wijn, Experimental verification of Herring's theory of anharmonic phonon relaxation: TeO2, Phys. Rev. B59 (1998) 349.

Lundsgaard, M.F.V., S.E. Nielsen, H. Rudolph, and J. P. Hansen, Multi-crossing Landau- Zener and close-coupling calculations for H+ + Li(2s,2p) collisions, J. Phys. B 31, 3215 (1998)

Mastwijk, H.C., J.W. Thomsen, P. van der Straten, A. Niehaus, Optical Collisions of Cold, Metastable Helium Atoms, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80 (1998) 5516-5519.

Mastwijk, H.C., M. Rijnbach, J.W. Thomsen, P. van der Straten, A. Niehaus, Photo induced collisions of laser cooled He* atoms, Eur. Phys. J. D4 (1998) 131-137.

Peters, M.G., S.G. den Hartog, J.I. Dijkhuis, O.J.A. Buyk, and L.W. Molenkamp, Single electron tunneling and suppression of short-channel effects in submicron silicon transistors, J. Appl. Phys 84, (1998) 5052.

Verleg, P.A.W.E., and J.I. Dijkhuis, Mobility fluctuations in hydrogenated amorphous silicon associated with deep defects, Journ.Non-Cryst.Sol. 227-230 (1998) 172.

Verleg, P.A.W.E., and J.I. Dijkhuis, Resistance fluctuations in hydrogenated amorphous silicon: thermal equilibrium, Phys. Rev. B58 (1998) 3904.

Verleg, P.A.W.E., and J.I. Dijkhuis, Resistance fluctuations in hydrogenated amorphous silicon: nonthermal equilibrium, Phys. Rev. B58 (1998) 3917.

48 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 1 : Atom Optics and Ultrafast Dynamics Program Leader : Prof. dr. J.I. Dijkhuis

1999 (refereed) Benndorf, M., W.B. Westerveld, J. van Eck, J. van der Weg and H.G.M. Heideman, Electron-ion coincidence measurements on CO after C 1s and O 1s photoabsorption, J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 32: 2503-2515 (1999).

De Wijn, H.W. de, P.A. van Walree, and A.F.M. Arts, Coherent phonon avalanches, Physica B263-264 30 (1999).

Dijkhuis, J.I. and P.A.W.E. Verleg, Generation-recombination noise in hydrogenated amorphous silicon, “The Physics of Semiconductors”, edited by D. Gershoni, World Scientific 1999, VIII, E7

Damen, E.P.N., A.F.M. Arts, and H.W. de Wijn, Experimental verification of Herring's theory of anharmonic phonon relaxation: TeO2, Phys. Rev. B59, 349 (1999).

Damen, E. P. N., A. F. M. Arts, and H. W. de Wijn, Anharmonic phonon decay in TeO2: confirmation of Herring's theory, Physica B263-264 (1999).

Dieleman, D.J., A.F. Koenderink, A.F.M. Arts, and H.W. de Wijn, Diffraction of coherent phonons emitted by a grating, Phys. Rev. B60 (1999) 14719.

Dieleman, D.J., A.F. Koenderink, M.G.A. van Veghel, M.A. de Vries, A.F.M. Arts, and H.W. de Wijn, Physical and geometrical optics of phonons, Physica B263-264 (1999) 564.

Lundsgaard, M.F.V. and H. Rudolph, Vibrationally resolved cross sections for single-photon ionisation of LiH, J. Chem. Phys. 111, 6724 (1999)

Peters, M.G., J.I. Dijkhuis, and L.W. Molenkamp, Random telegraph signals and 1/f noise in a silicon quantum dot, Journ. Appl. Phys 86, 1523 (1999).

Peters, M.G., J.I. Dijkhuis, and L.W. Molenkamp, Zero-dimensional states in a quantum dot, formed at threshold in a disordered submicron silicon transistor, Semicond. Sci. Technol. 14, 1119 (1999).

Rella, C.W., M. van der Voort, A.F.G. van der Meer, A.V. Akimov, and J.I. Dijkhuis, Localization of the Si-H stretch vibration in amorphous silicon, Appl. Phys. Lett. 75, 2945 (1999).

Rump, P.J., A.F.M. Arts, and H.W. de Wijn, Diffusion of phonons in LiY1-xHoxF4, Physica B263-264 (1999) 702.

Van der Voort M., G.D.J. Smit, A.V. Akimov, J.I. Dijkhuis, Phonon generation by carrier recombination in a-Si:H, Physica B263-264, 283(1999).

Van der Voort M., A.V. Akimov, G.D.J. Smit, J.I. Dijkhuis, N.A. Feoktistov, A.A. Kaplyanskii, and A.B.Petsov, Decay of nonequilibrium phonons in nanocrystalline silicon, Physica B263-264, 473 (1999).

49 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 1 : Atom Optics and Ultrafast Dynamics Program Leader : Prof. dr. J.I. Dijkhuis

Van der Voort M., A.V. Akimov, O.L. Muskens, J.I. Dijkhuis, N.A. Feoktistov, A.A. Kaplyanskii, and A.B. Petsov, Phonon dynamics in amorphous and nanocrystalline silicon, Journ. Lumin. 83-84, 161 (1999).

Van der Voort M., C.W. Rella, A.F.G. van der Meer, A.V. Akimov, and J.I. Dijkhuis, Free- electron laser experiments on Si-H vibrations in a-Si:H, Journ. Lumin. 83-84, 183 (1999).

Vledder, P., A.V. Akimov, J.I. Dijkhuis, J. Kusano, Y. Aoyagi, and T. Sugano, Dynamics of superradiant excitons in GaAs single quantum wells, Journ. Lumin. 83-84, 309 (1999)

Woestenenk, G., H.C. Mastwijk, J.W. Thomsen, P. van der Straten, M. Pieksma, M. van Rijnbach, A. Niehaus, Collisions between ultra cold metastable He atoms, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. in Phys. Res. B154 (1999) 194-203.

2000 (refereed) Amelink, A., K.M. Jones, P.D. Lett, P. van der Straten, and H.G.M. Heideman, Single-color photo associative ionization of ultra cold sodium: The region from 0 to 5 GHz, Phys. Rev. A 61 (2000) 013408.

Amelink, A., K.M. Jones, P.D. Lett, P. van der Straten, and H.G.M. Heideman, Spectroscopy of auto ionizing doubly excited states in ultra cold Na2 molecules produced by photo association, Physical Review A 61 (2000) 042707.

Herschbach, N., P.J.J. Tol, W. Vassen, W. Hogervorst, G. Woestenenk, J.W. Thomsen, P. van der Straten, and A. Niehaus, Photoassociation Spectroscopy of Cold He(2 3S) Atoms, Physical Review Letters 84 (2000) 1874.

Planje, W.G., W.B. Westerveld, A. Niehaus, Oscillations Due to Two-Electron Exchange during He-Ne Collisions, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85: 2713-2716 (2000)

Van der Voort M., C.W. Rella, A.F.G. van der Meer, A.V. Akimov, and J.I. Dijkhuis, Ultra fast experiments on Si-H vibrations in a-Si:H, Journ. Noncryst. Solids 266-269, 180(2000).

Van der Voort M., C.W. Rella, A.F.G. van der Meer, A.V. Akimov, and J.I. Dijkhuis, Dynamics of Si-H vibrations in an amorphous environment, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 1236 (2000).

Van der Voort M., A.V. Akimov, and J.I. Dijkhuis, Phonon generation and decay in hydrogenated amorphous silicon, Phys. Rev. B62, 8072 (2000).

Verleg, P. and J.I. Dijkhuis, Generation-recombination noise studied in hydrogenated amorphous silicon, Journ. Noncryst. Solids 266-269, 232 (2000).

2001 (refereed) Damen, E.P.N., Dieleman, D.J., Arts, A.F.M., and De Wijn, H.W., Generation and propagation of coherent phonon beams, Phys.Rev. B64, 174303 (2001).

50 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 1 : Atom Optics and Ultrafast Dynamics Program Leader : Prof. dr. J.I. Dijkhuis

Dieleman, D.J. Koenderink, A.F. , Van Veghel, M.G.A., Arts, A.F.M., and De Wijn, H.W., Transmission of coherent phonons through a metallic multilayer, Phys. Rev. B64, 174304 (2001).

Van der Voort M., O.L. Muskens, A.V. Akimov, A.B. Pevtsov, and J.I. Dijkhuis, Dynamics of vibrations in a mixed amorphous nanocrystalline Si system, Phys. Rev. B64, 45203 (2001).

Van Oosten, D., P. van der Straten, and H.T.C. Stoof, Quantum phases in an optical lattice, Phys. Rev. A63, 053601 (2001).

Walree, P.A. van, A.F.M. Arts, and H.W. de Wijn, Relaxation of an optically created phonon void, Phys. Rev. B64, 174301(2001).

Woestenenk, G.R., J.W. Thomsen, M. van Rijnbach, P. van der Straten, Construction of a low velocity metastable Helium atomic beam, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 72, 10, (2001).

2002 (refereed) Bakker J.P.R., B.J. van der Horst, J.I. Dijkhuis, Simulations of generation-recombination noise of n-i-n a-Si:H devices using AMPS-1D - J.P.R., J. Non-Cryst. Solids 299-302 (2002) 1256-1260

Bakker J.P.R., B.V. Fine, J.I. Dijkhuis, Generation-recombination noise in a-Si:H studied by device simulations - MRS Proceedings, 715 (2002)

Bosch R.C.M., H.C.W. Beijerinck, P. van der Straten, and K.A.H. van Leeuwen, Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys., 18, 221 (2002).

Metcalf H.J. and P. van der Straten, Laser cooling and trapping ,In Handbook of Optics III, ed. M. Bass, J.M. Enoch, E. van Strykland, and B. Wolfe, McGraw-Hill, New York, 2002.

Muskens O.L. and J.I. Dijkhuis, Propagation of Ultrashort Acoustic Wave Packets in PbMoO4 Studied by Brillouin Spectroscopy, Physica B316-317, 373-376 (2002)

Muskens Otto L., Jaap I. Dijkhuis, High Amplitude, Ultrashort, Longitudinal Strain Solitons in Sapphire, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 285504 (2002)

Pieksma M., M. Cizek, J. W. Thomsen, P. van der Straten, and A. Niehaus, Energy + + 3 3 distributions of He and He2 ions formed in ultracold He(2 S1)+He(2 P2) collisions, Phys. Rev. A66, 022703 (2002)

Te Sligte E., R.C.M. Bosch, B. Smeets, P. van der Straten, H.C.W. Beijerinck, and K.A.H. van Leeuwen, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 99, 6509 (2002).

51 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 1 : Atom Optics and Ultrafast Dynamics Program Leader : Prof. dr. J.I. Dijkhuis

Wells J.P.R, R.E.I. Schropp, L.F.G van der Meer, and J.I. Dijkhuis, Ultrafast Vibrational Dynamics and Stability of Deuterated Amorphous silicon, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 125504 (2002).

2002 (submitted to a refereed journal and not yet published as of 31 December 2002) Fine B.V., J.P.R. Bakker, and J.I. Dijkhuis, Long-range potential fluctuations and 1/f noise in hydrogenated amorphous silicon - submitted for publication in Phys. Rev. Lett. (arXiv:cond-mat/0210680)

Metcalf H.J., and P. van der Straten, Laser cooling and trapping of atoms, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B (accepted for publication)

Mazurenko D.A., A.V. Akimov, A.B. Pevtsov, D.A. Kurdyukov, V.G. Golubev, and J.I. Dijkhuis, Ultrafast switching in Si-embedded opals, Physica E (2003) (in press).

Van den Oosten, D., P. van der Straten and H. T. C. Stoof , Mott insulators in an optical lattice with high filling factors, cond-mat/0205066 (2002), accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. A

Van der Straten P., and H. Metcalf, The Quest for BEC,Interac-tion in Ultracold Gases, ed. M. Weidemuller and C. Zimmerman, Wiley-VCH, Germany, 2003

Wells J.P.R., P.J.Phillips, N. Tomozeiu, F.P.M. Habraken, and J.I. Dijkhuis, Infrared Transient Grating and Photo Echo Spectroscopy of Oxygen Vibrational Modes in Amorphous Silicon Thin Films, submitted for publication in Phys. Rev. B

52 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 2 : Soft Condensed Matter and Biophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr. A. van Blaaderen

2. Documentation per research program

Title of the program Soft Condensed Matter and Biophysics

Program leaders Prof. dr. A. van Blaaderen Directors Debye Institute Prof. dr. F.H.P.M. Habraken (from 2000) Prof. dr. H.N.W. Lekkerkerker (from 1998 until 2000) Prof. dr. W.F. van der Weg (until 1998).

Starting date of the program Formally this program was established when the Research Institute was created in 2001. However, the biophysics parts of this program dates back from before 1996 and the soft condensed matter part started in 2000.

Research area and mission Soft Condensed Matter: colloids, confocal microscopy, spectroscopy, imaging, photonic crystals, electro rheological fluids, computer simulations. Biophysics: confocal microscopy, multi-photon excitation microscopy, fluorescence lifetime imaging, fluorescence spectroscopy, single molecule imaging, fluorescent probes.

Soft Condensed Matter: The use and development of new colloidal model systems to study fundamental (condensed matter) physics. Biophysics: The development and application of advanced fluorescence imaging and micro-volume spectroscopy methods and the characterization and development of luminescent labels.

Formal affiliations outside Debye Institute and Research School the Research Institute

2.1. Leadership The program leader has the overall responsibility for the program, both with respect to the quality and the cohesion of the research and with respect to the budget that is provided by the Faculty. He is responsible for the internal coordination and cooperation within the program, for organizing the human resources and for maintaining and developing the external contacts. This is in close collaboration with the other project leader. Together with the leaders of the other research programs, he discusses the general policies of the Research Institute at regular meetings and makes recommendations to the director. The program leader represents the program in the planning and control session that is organized by the Faculty Board once a year, where the plans and budget request for the coming year are presented. The presentations form the basis for the budget allocations made by the Faculty Board for the subsequent year.

53 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 2 : Soft Condensed Matter and Biophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr. A. van Blaaderen

This program is part of the Debye Institute. The program leader has to optimize the activities of the program within the Debye Institute. See also: Part A, 1.2.

2.2. Strategy and policy Program History At the end of 2001 all physics groups participating in the Debye institute moved into the L.S. Ornstein Laboratory and the Robert J. van der Graaff Laboratory. Groups that share equipment were brought physically close together. To reflect this new situation, several groups were also brought together in the new structure at the Research Institute. This has led to the program: Soft Condensed Matter and Biophysics, in which the groups of Van Blaaderen (former group: soft condensed matter that started at the end of 1999) and Gerritsen (former group Levine/Gerritsen: Molecular Biophysics) are brought together. These groups carry out research using similar methods and the research fields are bordering and sometimes overlapping. The move has and will stimulate further synergy between the two research themes in the program. It should be stressed, however, that before 2001 the unison of these two groups was not yet effective.

Van Blaaderen was appointed full professor in the Faculty of Physics and Astronomy in November 1999 to start a for this Faculty new direction of soft condensed matter research. Before his appointment, Van Blaaderen worked as associate professor in the Chemistry Faculty for 50% of his time and for the other 50% as group leader at the FOM institute for atomic and molecular physics, AMOLF (Amsterdam). Also at the end of 1999 M. Dijkstra joined this new group as assistant professor and in April 2000 A. Imhof started as assistant professor as well. In 2002 all experimental set ups that were built up at AMOLF were moved to Utrecht.

The Biophysics group stems from the Molecular BioPhysics group that was headed by Levine. This group mainly worked on membrane biophysics using fluorescence spectroscopy and synchrotron radiation. Because Gerritsen was awarded a PIONIER grant by NWO in 1996, he subsequently formed his own group working on advanced microscopy and spectroscopy. Levine branched out into the area of computational biophysics. In 2002 Gerritsen was appointed adjunct professor (Utrecht University Foundation) in “the laser physics of complex biological systems”.

Direction of Research Area and Mission: Soft Condensed Matter The objective of our research is the use and development of new colloidal model systems to study fundamental (condensed matter) physics. This is possible because colloids, which are particles or macromolecules with a size ranging from a few nm to a few µm, have a well- defined thermodynamic temperature that manifests itself through Brownian motion. We focus on phase transitions (freezing, melting) and the glass transition. We developed methods to study and manipulate concentrated model dispersions quantitatively in real-space using confocal microscopy and external fields like: corrugated walls, light, gravity and electric fields. In addition, we try to use the fundamental knowledge obtained to make new materials with special (mostly optical) properties such as photonic crystals and electrorheological fluids. Finally, we also strive to obtain a better understanding of the structure and

54 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 2 : Soft Condensed Matter and Biophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr. A. van Blaaderen phase behavior of colloidal suspensions, and condensed matter in general, through computer simulations.

The SCM research theme fits very well within the research theme of the Debye Institute in which groups from the Physics and Astronomy and Chemistry Faculties collaborate on research on nanomaterials and interfaces. Moreover, there is extensive recognition both on a Dutch national and international level that the field of ‘nano-science’ is rapidly maturing and promising to bring applications to many fields. This recognition is apparent from new program initiatives to fund and stimulate this field in which the SCM group is actively taking part.

The near future plans of the SCM group build upon our leading ability to investigate and simulate concentrated dispersions under the influence of external fields in real space. We want to further integrate our ability to perform computer simulations (M. Dijkstra) and theory (R. van Roij) on the same systems we study quantitatively in real space. We have already started working on implementing rheology with real space confocal measurements and will also significantly increase our possibilities to manipulate colloids with optical tweezers. In addition, we have recently set up light scattering equipment and have made trips to the synchrotron in Grenoble (ESRF) to be able to obtain complementary information through scattering experiments. Finally, we have started to develop and study more complex systems than dispersions of spheres, such as anisotropic colloids (dumbbells, rods) and particles with dipolar interactions.

Our long-term objective is to extend the role of colloids as condensed matter model systems to provide for an understanding of systems (far) out of equilibrium in which colloids can be prepared through the controlled actions of external fields. Aided by computer simulations and theory our goal is to extend the understanding of such model systems, because this will be applicable to many other situations either used in industry or in nature where systems are almost always far out of equilibrium. In 2002 a 6-year FOM program The Physics of Colloids under External Fields was approved. This program is the Dutch (Utrecht) based part of a 12 year running TransRegio DFG collaboration with the leading colloid physics groups in Germany with very similar objectives as just mentioned.

Direction of Research Area and Mission: Biophysics The Biophysics theme of the program has a strong multi-disciplinary character that is based on the group’s long-standing background in fluorescence spectroscopy. More than ten years ago the first steps were made to extend the fluorescence spectroscopy work to the microscopic level. This resulted in the current research that focuses on the application and development of novel fluorescence spectroscopy-based imaging methods as well as the characterization and development of luminescent labels. The mission of the group is to develop and exploit fluorescence spectroscopy-based techniques in microscopy. In our vision the future of fluorescence microscopy lies in the combination of fluorescence imaging and spectroscopic techniques. The novel imaging methodologies under development in the group utilize advanced light sources, non-linear excitation methods and contrast based on fluorescence spectroscopy. For instance, the group developed and installed a confocal UV microscopy beamline at the Synchrotron Radiation Source, Daresbury Laboratory (UK). This combination was the first

55 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 2 : Soft Condensed Matter and Biophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr. A. van Blaaderen step in combining fluorescence spectroscopy with microscopy for imaging experiments at the microscopic level. The group was one of the first to develop and exploit the technique of Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging (FLIM). This imaging method has now been combined both with confocal microscopy and with two-photon excitation microscopy. The technical developments by the group are to a great extent driven by biological and biophysical problems, which cannot be imaged with conventional techniques. Applications that require specialized biological know-how are in general carried out in collaboration with biological groups. Fluorescence spectroscopy relies on the ability to incorporate luminescent molecules in a chemically specific way into the sample. Moreover, the application of spectroscopic contrast techniques requires knowledge of their photophysical characteristics. For these reasons the group also works on the characterization and development of luminescent labels. Conventional organic dyes are studied and characterized spectroscopically. Importantly, a number of collaborations were started recently to use novel luminescent particles as labels. Particles based on silica colloids, fluorescent dyes and a metal core or a metal shell are now studied in collaboration with the SCM group. Another productive collaboration was started with the group of Meijerink (Chemistry, Debye Institute) to study the properties of semiconductor nano-crystals (Quantum Dots) at the single particle level. Both type of luminescent particles offer interesting perspectives for use in imaging experiments.

In the coming years, we shall further extend the use of novel fluorescence spectroscopy- based imaging methods. For example, several novel spectroscopy-based approaches to the imaging of Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) will be explored. Furthermore, it is envisaged that the emphasis of the efforts of the group will shift somewhat towards the application of these advanced imaging and spectroscopy techniques. The Biophysics theme of Program 2 participates in the new Academic Biomedical Cluster (ABC) initiative of Utrecht University. This initiative aims at stimulating activities in the biomedical area. Gerritsen was co-applicant for the ABC multi-photon excitation facility and the strong links with the facility will strengthen the collaboration with biological and biomedical users. The fruitful collaborations with the groups in the Debye Institute working on fluorescent colloids, quantum dots (Meijerink, Debye Institute) and other nano-particles will be continued. In particular we will focus on spectroscopy and microscopy of single particles and conventional dyes.

2.3. Processes in research, internal and external collaboration The tenured staff of the SCM group consists of two experimentalists and one staff member specialized in computer simulations. The educational backgrounds of all three staff members are a mix of physics and chemistry. This is reflected in the research and in the group members: both chemists and physicists are about equally represented and there are or have been not only experimentalists, but also theorists are part of the group. This mix is also reflected in the group meetings, not only are there the important group meetings of the whole group, but also more specialized ones together with theorists (R. van Roij, Condensed-Matter Theory, Statistical and Computational Physics program) and/or computer simulators (D. Frenkel, AMOLF Amsterdam). Moreover, every week there is a joint (more formal) lunch group meeting together with the group of Philipse/Lekkerkerker. With this group, that works within the Debye institute in the Faculty of Chemistry on overlapping research areas there

56 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 2 : Soft Condensed Matter and Biophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr. A. van Blaaderen are close collaborations. Within the Debye institute, there are also collaborations with the groups of Kelly/Meijerink, Dijkhuis, Schropp and Habraken/Vredenberg. Collaborations of the SCM group are also intensive with groups from the FOM institute AMOLF in Amsterdam. There are collaborations with the groups of D. Frenkel, M. Dogterom and A. Polman. As is apparent also from the authors in the group’s output, the group also collaborates with several foreign groups. Next to academic groups, there are also connections (and partial funding) from groups at companies such as: Philips, Unilever and AKZO.

The Biophysics group has one tenured staff member with a background in experimental physics. The coherence of the research program is achieved by focusing on a limited number of topics, thus ensuring overlap between projects. Both the group leader and a postdoctoral fellow usually supervise the graduate students. The group holds a weekly meeting to discuss the progress of the work. In addition ad-hoc progress meetings are organized for the individual projects that may include members from collaborating groups. The Biophysics group has a strong interaction with the group of Meijerink in the framework of the Debye Institute. Within Utrecht University, there are important collaborations with the groups of Verkleij (molecular cell biology), Vermeer (chemistry of lipids) and Jongsma (physiology). Outside Utrecht there are and have been numerous collaborations including those with Herman (Chapell Hill, US), Slaaf (Maastricht), Sterenborg (Rotterdam). In additon to the academic collaborations, we have excellent contacts with e.g. Unilever, Philips, Amarsham and Nikon Europe BV.

2.4. Academic reputation The reputation and broad range of impact of the SCM group is exemplified by the fact that group members were invited to present papers at six different Gordon conferences the last few years and by the fact that it was chosen as the Dutch partner in an approved Transregio DFG grant (funded on the Dutch side as the FOM program Colloids in External Fields). During its relatively short lifetime the SCM group has got many so-called ‘tweede geldstroom’ projects funded (listed in 2.8). Among these are seven prestigious FOM ‘Projectruimte’ proposals, for which all physicists in the NL compete and for which the chance of success is low. At present Van Blaaderen is ‘consultant’ at the FOM institute AMOLF.

H.C. Gerritsen - NWO PIONIER grant (1996).

M. Dijkstra - FOM Minerva price (2000) for her paper Phase diagram of highly asymmetric binary hard- sphere mixtures, Phys. Rev. E 59, 5744 (1999).

A. Yethiraj - The Glenn H. Brown Award at the 18th International Liquid Crystal Conference, Sendai, Japan July, 2000.

57 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 2 : Soft Condensed Matter and Biophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr. A. van Blaaderen

2.5. Internal evaluation and analysis, perspectives and expectations for the research program Strengths. The Soft Condensed Matter (SCM) research spans the whole range of developing and making new colloidal model systems, the study of these systems to investigate fundamental (soft) condensed matter questions and the design of new advanced materials. This means that research of the group draws on the disciplines chemistry, physics and materials science. In several of these disciplines mentioned the group is at the international scientific forefront. There is a strong affinity and collaboration with theorists in the (soft) condensed matter field. SCM research fits well within the Debye Institute. Utrecht is recognized as one of the main centers worldwide in colloid science. The Biophysics branch of the program has a sound background in fluorescence spectroscopy and imaging. The excellent infrastructure includes cutting-edge as well as standard microscope systems and fluorescence spectroscopy equipment. The group is working in an active field that is attracting much attention and is an attractive partner for collaborations.

Weaknesses. The combination of SCM and Biophysics within one program is mainly based on the sharing of scientific equipment and methodology. The scientific overlap between the Biophysics and Soft Condensed Matter theme is weak. Covering the broad range of fields, has the risk of research becoming less focused and fragmented.

Opportunities. In fields in which the SCM group is active, there are many funding opportunities, like nano science and photonic crystals. The SCM group is actively pursuing them both on a national and European level and has been quite successful in the past in doing so. For the type of research SCM provides, it is essential to attract scientists with a combined physics and chemistry background. SCM can profit from the fact that within the new Bachelor and Masters structure more multidisciplinary students are trained. The Biophysics branch profits from the enormously increased interest in biophysics over the past years, both at the national and at the international level. Many multi-disciplinary programs have been started by various funding institutes. The Biophysics group is an attractive and sought-after partner for such grant applications. The recently started Academic Biomedical Cluster (ABC) at Utrecht University aims at stimulating activities in the biomedical area. This initiative offers excellent opportunities for the Biophysics theme to collaborate within Utrecht University.

Threats. The development of new methodologies and experimental techniques requires a good and dedicated infrastructure like machine shop and designers. Future financial support for this infrastructure is a serious concern. As a result of the high quality of the young and active staff of the SCM group, staff members are attractive to other universities and research groups. Although this is a compliment for the group as such, the program would suffer if people leave the group at this stage. The Biophysics group is very vulnerable because there is only one tenured scientific staff member.

58 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 2 : Soft Condensed Matter and Biophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr. A. van Blaaderen

2.6. External validation Societal/technological relevance: Soft Condensed Matter The research we perform is fundamental in nature; however, with soft condensed matter systems applications are never far away. The concentrated and strongly interacting colloidal model systems we study are of course not only condensed matter physics models, but are also important to achieve a better understanding of concentrated more complex dispersions found in industry (paints, food) and nature. Moreover, some of the subjects we study in particular, electro-rheological fluids (dispersions under the influence of an electric field) and photonic crystals, belong to a class of ‘smart materials’ of which the properties can be changed dynamically. Examples are a variable transmission or shock absorber for which the stiffness can be quickly changed as function of the applied electric field strength and dielectrically doped photonic crystal that can switch light with light: an optical transistor. As the society demands faster and larger data streams the pressure to reduce the size and costs of (electro)optical components and improve their performance will increase. We believe that colloids will play an important role enabling this. Because of these reasons more than half of our FOM ‘projectruimte’ proposals are labeled ‘fsto’ or ‘fundamental strategical/technological’ research. In addition we participate in the Softlink programme which funds fundamental soft matter research projects that are of interest to and co-funded by industrial partners like Philips, Akzo Nobel, DSM and Unilever.

Biophysics Research results in this field have significant implications for both society and technology. Fluorescence imaging techniques are becoming increasingly important in many different fields. This does not only include fundamental research but also medical diagnostics and industrial applications. The group has close contacts with academic, clinical and industrial users of fluorescence techniques. Examples of the societal and technological relevance of the work carried out within the framework of the sub-program are given below. The sub-program contributed to the development of novel imaging methods such as Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging and its implementation in multi-photon excitation microscopy. These two techniques are now generally accepted, commercially available and in use in many laboratories. Moreover, the group developed a Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging method that has recently become commercially available (Nikon). The luminescent labels based on colloids and semiconductor nano-crystals may become of great practical importance. For instance, when bound to proteins these labels may become a good alternative for conventional organic dye molecules. Eventually these novel labels may replace conventional luminescent dyes in for instance diagnostic applications. In 2001 a FOM project was awarded that aims at investigating the potential of multi-photon excited auto-fluorescence spectroscopy for the diagnosis of superficial cancers.

59 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 2 : Soft Condensed Matter and Biophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr. A. van Blaaderen

2.7. Researchers and other personnel

Table 3: Soft Condensed Matter and Biophysics Research staff at program level Name and present title ‘96 ‘97 ‘98 ‘99 ‘00 ‘01 ‘02

Full professors Y.K. Levine 0,6 A. van Blaaderen 0,05 0,6 0,6 0,6 Associate professor H.C. Gerritsen 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,46 0,41 0,51 0,51 Assistant professors M. Dijkstra 0.2 0,35 0,6 0,35 A. Imhof 0,35 0,6 0,6 Total tenured staff 1,20 0,60 0,60 0,71 1,71 2,31 2,06

Postdoctoral fellows S. Agronskaia 0,58 1 1 1 C. de Grauw 0,83 1 1 1 0,17 0 M. Della Noce 0,5 M. Giesbers 0,67 1 0,25 C. Graf 0,83 1 1 P. Johnson 0,83 G. Latouche 0,08 1 A. Moroz 0,83 1 0,42 Palermo 0,5 P. Royall 0,75 J. Sytsma 0,17 O. Tovmachenko 0,25 1 B. van Rotterdam 1 0,75 W. van Sark 0,5 1 1 0,83 A.J. van der Sijs 0,42 0,58 M. van Zandvoort 1 1 0,42 A. Yethiraj 0,58 1 1 1 PhD students Total 1,8 2,26 3,6 3,16 4,74 6 6,88 Total non tenured staff 4,38 4,68 5,02 5,83 11,07 13,50 15,71

Total research staff 5,58 5,28 5,22 6,54 12,78 15,81 17,77

This table represents the actual fraction of the fte available for research, the research input of all personnel is quantified on the basis of a fixed standard for each function: full professors 60% associate professors (SDO) 60% assistant professors (DO) 60% post-doctoral fellows 100% PhD students (AIO/OIO’s) 90% The research input is calculated in proportion to the size of the appointment of the researcher involved. In exceptional cases when a staff member has performed duties that have taken up an extra-proportional amount of time, the percentage of time for research has been adapted.

60 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 2 : Soft Condensed Matter and Biophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr. A. van Blaaderen

2.8. Resources, funding and facilities Data: Table 4a Soft Condensed Matter and Biophysics Funding at program level in K€ Funding 1996 19971998 1999 2000 2001 2002 97-02 average Direct funding 376 294 532 908 995 916 670 Research funds 261 261 113 125 253 549 478 297 Contracts 70 0-1 41 102 192 91 71 Other

Total 637406 697 1.264 1.735 1.458 1.037 Table 4a: The funding of the program during the evaluation period in k€.

Table 4b Soft Condensed Matter and Biophysics Funding at program level in % Funding 1996 19971998 1999 2000 2001 2002 97-02 average Direct funding 59% 72% 76% 72% 57% 62% 65% Research funds 41% 28% 18% 20% 32% 32% 28% Contracts 0%0% 6% 8% 11% 6% 7% Other

Total 100%100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Table 4b: The funding of the program during the evaluation period in %. For an explanation see Research Institute documentation.

Externally funded projects NWO-FOM ‘Projectruimte’ - Colloidal Epitaxy (Van Blaaderen, 1997-2001) - Colloidal crystals with a 3D photonic bandgap (Van Blaaderen, 1998-2002) - Direct measurement of the colloidal potential of mean-force (Van Blaaderen, 1999- 2002) - Microgravity on Earth: Crystallization and the Glass Transition in Density Matched Colloidal Systems (H.N.W. Lekkerkerker, W.K. Kegel, A. van Blaaderen, 2000-2003) - Real-space analysis of concentrated dispersions in a gravitational field (Van Blaaderen, 2001-2004) - Colloidal particles with continuously variable shape (Polman, Van Blaaderen, 2001- 2004) - Condensation of charged spheres and swelling of clay platelets (Dijkstra, 2001- 2004)

Photon physics in optical materials - Manipulating photonic crystals with external fields (van Blaaderen, Imhof, 2002-2005)

61 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 2 : Soft Condensed Matter and Biophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr. A. van Blaaderen

Statistical Physics - Real-space analysis of electro-rheological fluids (Van Blaaderen, 1999-2001)

Structure Function Flow of Soft Matter - Colloids with a soft and tunable anisotropic potential (Van Blaaderen, 2001-2004) - Colloidal phase transitions under shear flow (Imhof, 2001-2004) - Entropic wetting in colloidal mixtures (Dijkstra, 2001-2004)

Softlink - Fluorescent metal-core silica-shell colloids in non-linear photonic applications (Van Blaaderen, Gerritsen, 2000-2004)

FOM Program: Physics of Colloids in External Fields (program leader: Van Blaaderen) - Quantitative real-space analysis of concentrated dispersions under shear and in electric fields (Imhof, van Blaaderen, 2002-2005) - Interfaces, wetting and coppillary crystallization in colloid polymer mixtures (Dijkstra, Lekkerkerker, 2002-2005).

Physics for medical technology - Non-linear in-vivo spectroscopy for non-invasive diagnosis of superficial cancers (Gerritsen, 2001-2006)

NWO-CW Inorganic emulsion templating (Imhof, 2001-2004)

NWO-STW Pionier (Gerritsen, 1995-2002) - Time resolved imaging using pulsed excitation - Time resolved spectroscopic imaging using cw excitation

Nano-impulse initiative - Metallo-dielectric photonic crystals (Van Blaaderen, Imhof 2003-2007)

“Breedtestrategie” - The Physics of Colloidal Matter (Van Blaaderen, 1999-2004) - Colloidal particles in non-linear microscopy (Gerritsen, 1999-2004)

EU 5-th Framework - Enhanced multiphoton excitation methods for neuroscience (Gerritsen, 2000-2003)

ESF - Challenges in Molecular Simulations: bridging the length and time-scale gap (Dijkstra 2000)

Miscellaneous Unilever Vlaardingen

62 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 2 : Soft Condensed Matter and Biophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr. A. van Blaaderen

- 2-photon microscopy of diary products (Gerritsen, 1999) Unilever PortSunlight - Functional imaging of dental biofilm using 2-photon microscopy (Gerritsen, 1998-2001) NIKON Europe bv - Lifetime imaging (Gerritsen, 2000-2002)

2.9. Overview of the results 1. Key publications 1. Van Blaaderen, A., R. Ruel, and P. Wiltzius, Template-directed colloidal crystallization, Nature 385, 321-324 (1997).

2. Dijkstra, M., R. van Roij, and R. Evans, Phase behavior and structure of binary hard- sphere mixtures, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 2268-2271 (1998).

3. Imhof, A., W.L. Vos, R. Sprik, and A. Lagendijk, Large dispersive effects near the band edges of photonic crystals, Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 2942-2945 (1999).

4. Frederix, P.L.T.M, E.L. de Beer W. Hamelink and H.C. Gerritsen, Dynamic Monte Carlo simulations to model FRET and photobleaching in systems with multiple donor-acceptor interactions, J. Phys. Chem. B 106, 6793-6801 (2002).

5. van Sark, W.G.J.H.M., P.L.T.M. Frederix, D.J. van den Heuvel, and H.C. Gerritsen, Photooxidation and Photobleaching of Single CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dots Probed by Room-Temperature Time-Resolved Spectroscopy, J. Phys. Chem. B 105, 8281-8284 (2001).

6. Velikov, K.P., C.G. Christova, R.P.A. Dullens, and A. van Blaaderen, Layer-by-layer growth of binary colloidal crystals, Science 296, 106-109 (2002).

2. Dissertations 1996: D.H. van Harry, (category 3) Studies of rotational motion with time resolved ESR, promotors: Prof. dr. Y.K. Levine Prof. dr. G. Kothe (Albert-Ludwig Universität, freiburg, Germany)

1996: J.M. Muller (category 1) Probing lipid bilayers with fluorescence depolarization techniques promotor: Prof. dr. Y.K. Levine

1998: J.M. Vroom (category 3) Two-photon excitation fluorescence lifetime imaging: development and biological applications promotor: Prof. dr. Y.K. Levine

63 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 2 : Soft Condensed Matter and Biophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr. A. van Blaaderen

1999: M.P. Lettinga (category 1) Phosphorescence spectroscopy and its application to the study of M colloidal dynamics promotors: Prof. dr. Y.K. Levine Prof. dr. A. P. Philipse (UU)

2001: P. Frederix (category 3) Spectral analysis in microscopy, A study of FRET and single quantum dot luminescence promotors: Prof. dr. H.J. Jongsma (UU) Prof. dr. A. Meijerink (UU) copromotor Dr. H.C. Gerritsen

2002: K.P. Velikov (category 1) Towards a complete photonic band gap in the visible promotor: Prof. dr. A. van Blaaderen

2002: J.P. Hoogenboom (category 1) Collodial epitaxy. A real-space analysis promotor: Prof. dr. A. van Blaaderen

3. Numerical Overview of the results Table 5 Program results: output numbers ‘96 ‘97 ‘98 ‘99 ‘00 ‘01 ‘02 Total 1. Academic a. In refereed 10 5 4 5 22 28 25 99 publications Journals b. other 3 2 3 5 4 6 1 24 publications Total 13 7 7 10 26 34 26 123

2. PhD theses 2 0 1 1 1 2 7 3. Patents 1 2 3

4. Full list of publications (1996-2002) Soft Condensed Matter 2000 (refereed) Dassanayake U, S. Fraden, A. van Blaaderen, Structure of electrorheological fluids, J. Chem. Phys. 112: (8) 3851-3858 (2000).

Dijkstra, M. and R. Evans, A Simulation Study of the Decay of the Pair Correlation Function in Simple Fluids J. Chem. Phys. 112, 1449 (2000).

Dijkstra, M., R. van Roij, and R. Evans, Effective Interactions, Structure, and Isothermal Compressibility of Colloidal Suspensions, J. Chem. Phys. 113, 4799 (2000).

64 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 2 : Soft Condensed Matter and Biophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr. A. van Blaaderen

Eisenbach, M., M. Dijkstra and B.L. Györffy, On the states of orientations along a magnetically inhomogeneous nanowire, J. Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 208, 137 (2000).

Kegel, W.K. and A. van Blaaderen, Direct observation of dynamical heterogeneities in colloidal hard-sphere suspensions, Science 287, 290-293 (2000).

Lem, H. van der, and A. Moroz, Towards two-dimensional complete photonic band gap structures below infrared wavelengths, J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 2, 395-399 (2000).

Moroz, A., Photonic crystals of coated metallic spheres, Europhys. Lett. 50, 466-472 (2000).

Moroz, A., A. Tip, and J.-M. Combes, Absorption in periodic layered structures, Synthetic Metals, 116, 481-484 (2000).

Moroz, A., Single impurity in a photonic crystal, Proceedings of the Academic Colloquium Quantum Optics of Small Structure (The Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, 2000)

Slooff, L.H., M.J.A. de Dood, A. van Blaaderen, A. Polman, Erbium-implanted silica colloids with 80% luminescence quantum efficiency, Appl. Phys. Lett. 76: (25) 3682-3684 (2000).

Snoeks, E., A. van Blaaderen, M.L. Brongersma, T. van Dillen, C. M. van Kats, A. Polman, Colloidal ellipsoids with continuously variable shape, Adv. Mater. 12: (20) 1511-1514 (2000).

Tip, A., A. Moroz, and J.-M. Combes, Band structure of absorptive photonic crystals, J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 33, 6223-6252 (2000).

Van Roij, R., M. Dijkstra, and R. Evans, Orientational wetting and capillary nematization of hard-rod fluids, Europhys. Lett. 49, 350 (2000).

Van Roij, R., M. Dijkstra, and R. Evans, Interfaces, wetting, and capillary nematization of a hard-rod fluid: theory for the Zwanzig model, J. Chem. Phys. 113, 7689 (2000).

Vossen, D.L.J, M.J.A. de Dood, T. van Dillen, T. Zijlstra, E. van der Drift, A. Polman A. van Blaaderen, Novel method for solution growth of thin silica films from tetraethoxysilane, Adv. Mater. 12: (19) 1434-1437 (2000).

2001 (refereed) Brader, J.M., M. Dijkstra and R. Evans, "Inhomogenous model colloid-polymer mixtures: adsorption at a hard wall." Phys. Rev. E. 63, 1405 (2001).

De Dood, M.J.A., L.H. Slooff, T.M. Hensen, D.L.J. Vossen, A. Moroz, T. Zijlstra, E.W.J.M. van der Drift, A. van Blaaderen and A. Polman, “1,2 and 3 dimensional photonic materials made using ion beams: fabrication and optical density of states”, in: Photonic Crystals and

65 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 2 : Soft Condensed Matter and Biophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr. A. van Blaaderen

Light Localization in the 21st Century, NATO Advanced Study Institute, C. M. Soukoulis ed.. Dordrecht, Kluwer Academic: 555-566 (2001).

De Dood, M.J.A., L.H. Slooff, A. Polman, A. Moroz and A. van Blaaderen, "Local optical density of states in SiO2 spherical microcavities: theory and experiment." Phys. Rev. A. 64: 1-7 (2001).

De Dood, M.J.A., L.H. Slooff, A. Polman, A. Moroz and A. van Blaaderen, “Modified spontaneous emission in erbium-doped SiO2 spherical colloids.” Applied Physics Letters 79 (22): 3585-3587 (2001).

De Hoog, E.H.A., W.K. Kegel, A. van Blaaderen and H.N.W. Lekkerkerker, "Direct observation of crystallization and aggregation in a phase-separating colloid-polymer suspension 1407." Physical Review E 6402(2): 1407 (2001).

Dijkstra, M. "Computer simulations of charge and steric stabilised colloidal suspensions." Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science 6: 372-382 (2001).

Dijkstra, M., R. Van Roij and R. Evans (2001). "Wetting and capillary nematization of a hard-rod fluid: a simulation study." Phys. Rev. E. 63, 1703 (2001).

Evans, R., J.M. Brader, R. Roth, M. Dijkstra, M. Schmidt and H. Löwen. "Interfacial properties of model colloid-polymer mixtures." Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. A 359 (1782), 961 (2001).

Herbut, I.F., A. Yethiraj and J. Bechhoefer. "Effect of order parameter fluctuations on the Halperin-Lubensky-Ma first-order transition in superconductors and liquid crystals." Europhys. Lett. 55 (3), 317 (2001).

Imhof, A. "Preparation and characterization of titania-coated polystyrene spheres and hollow titania shells." Langmuir 17: 3579-3585 (2001).

Lagendijk, J., G. Rivas, A. Imhof, F.J.P. Schuurmans and R. Sprik. “Propagation of light in disordered semiconductor materials”, in: Photonic Crystals and Light Localization in the 21st Century, NATO Advanced Study Institute, C.M. Soukoulis ed.. Dordrecht, Kluwer Academic: 447-473 (2001).

Manoharan, V.N., A. Imhof, J.D. Thorne and D.J. Pine. "Photonic crystals from emulsion templates." Advanced Materials 13: 447-450 (2001).

Moroz, A. "Exponentially convergent lattice sums." Optics Letters 26(15): 1119-1121 (2001).

Moroz, A. “Towards complete photonic band gap structures below infrared wavelengths”, in: Photonic Crystals and Light Localization in the 21st Century, NATO Advanced Study Institute, C. M. Soukoulis ed.. Dordrecht, Kluwer Academic: 373-382 (2001).

66 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 2 : Soft Condensed Matter and Biophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr. A. van Blaaderen

Moroz, A., A. Tip and J.M. Combes. "Absorption in periodic layered structures." Synthetic Materials 116: 481-484 (2001).

Paques, M., A. Imhof, A. van Blaaderen, and Y. Nicolas,” Method and device for imaging the dynamic behaviour of microstructures under the influence of deformation”, European Patent Application 01204378.2-1236 filed (2001).

Snoeks, E., A. van Blaaderen, T. van Dillen, C.M. van Kats, K. Velikov, M.L. Brongersma and A. Polman. "Colloidal assemblies modified by ion irradiation." Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B- Beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms 178: 62-68 (2001).

Van Blaaderen, A., K.P. Velikov, J.P. Hoogenboom, D.L.J. Vossen, A. Yethiraj, R. Dullens, T. v. Dillen and A. Polman. “Manipulation of colloidal crystallization for photonic applications: from self-organization to do-it-youself organization”, in: Photonic Crystals and Light Localization in the 21st Century, NATO Advanced Study Institute, C. M. Soukoulis ed. Dordrecht, Kluwer Academic: 239-251 (2001).

Van Dillen, T., A. Polman, W. Fukarek and A. van Blaaderen. "Energy-dependent anisotropic deformation of colloidal silica particles under MeV Au irradiation." Applied Physics Letters 78 (7): 910-912 (2001).

Van Dillen, T., E. Snoeks, W. Fukarek, C. M. van Kats, K. P. Velikov, A. van Blaaderen and A. Polman. "Anisotropic deformation of colloidal particles under MeV Ion irradiation." Nuclear instruments and methods in physics research B 175: 350-356 (2001).

Velikov, K.P. and A. van Blaaderen. "Synthesis and characterization of monodisperse core- shell colloidal spheres of Zinc Sulfide and Silica." Langmuir 17: 4779 (2001).

Vos, W.L., H.M. v. Driel, M. Megens, A.F. Koenderink and A. Imhof. “Experimental probes of the optical properties of photonic crystals”, in: Photonic Crystals and Light Localization in the 21st Century, NATO Advanced Study Institute, C. M. Soukoulis ed. Dordrecht, Kluwer Academic: 191-218 (2001).

2002 (refereed) Bosma, G., C. Pathmamanoharan, E.H.A. de Hoog, W.K. Kegel, A. van Blaaderen, and H.N.W. Lekkerkerker, Preparation of monodisperse, fluorescent PMMA-latex colloids by dispersion polymerization, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 245, 292-300 (2002).

De Dood, M.J.A., B. Berkhout, C.M. van Kats, A. Polman, and A. van Blaaderen, Acid- based synthesis of monodisperse rare-earth-doped colloidal SiO2 spheres, Chem. Mater. 14, 2849 (2002).

Dijkstra, M., Phase behavior of hard spheres with a short-range Yukawa attraction, Phys. Rev. E 66, 021402 (2002).

67 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 2 : Soft Condensed Matter and Biophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr. A. van Blaaderen

Dijkstra, M. and R. van Roij, Entropic wetting and many-body induced layering in a model colloid-polymer mixture, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 208303 (2002).

Graf, C. and A. van Blaaderen, Metallodielectric colloidal core-shell particles for photonic applications, Langmuir 18, 524-534 (2002).

Hoogenboom, J.P., D. Derks, P. Vergeer, and A. van Blaaderen, Stacking faults in colloidal crystals grown by sedimentation, J. Chem. Phys. 117, 11320-11328 (2002).

Hoogenboom, J.P., D.L.J. Vossen, C. Faivre-Moskalenko, M. Dogterom, and A. van Blaaderen, Patterning surfaces with colloidal particles using optical tweezers, Appl. Phys. Lett. 80, 4828-4830 (2002).

Hoogenboom, J.P., A. Yethiraj, A.K. van Langen-Suurling, J. Romijn, and A. van Blaaderen, Epitaxial crystal growth of charged colloids, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 256104 (2002).

Moroz, A., Metallo-dielectric diamond and zinc-blende photonic crystals, Phys. Rev. B 66, 115109 (2002).

Moroz, A., "Photonic crystals at near-infrared and optical wavelengths", in Microphotonics 2001 - Materials, Physics and Applications (Materials Research Society, Boston, 2002), Vol. 708, p. K7.5.1-K7.5.8.

Moroz, A., On the computation of the free-space doubly-periodic Green's function of the three-dimensional Helmholtz equation, J. Electromagn. Waves Appl. 16, 457-465 (2002).

Russ, C., H. H. von Grunberg, M. Dijkstra, and R. van Roij, Three-body forces between charged colloidal particles, Phys. Rev. E 66, 011402 (2002).

Slooff, L.H., A. van Blaaderen, A. Polman, G.A. Hebbink, S.I. Klink, F.C.J.M. van Veggel, D.N. Reinhoudt, and J.W. Hofstraat, Rare-earth doped polymers for planar optical amplifiers, J. Appl. Phys. 91, 3955-3980 (2002).

Strohhöfer, C., J.P. Hoogenboom, A. van Blaaderen, and A. Polman, Highly dispersive micropatterns in ion-exchanged glass formed by ion irradiation through a mask of colloidal particles, Adv. Mater. 14, 1815-1818 (2002).

Van Blaaderen, A., J.P. Hoogenboom, D.L.J. Vossen, A. Yethiraj, A. van der Horst, K. Visscher, and M. Dogterom, Colloidal epitaxy: Playing with the boundary conditions of colloidal crystallization, Faraday Discuss. 123, 107-119 (2002).

Velikov, K.P., C.G. Christova, R.P.A. Dullens, and A. van Blaaderen, Layer-by-layer growth of binary colloidal crystals, Science 296, 106-109 (2002).

Velikov, K.P., A. Moroz, and A. van Blaaderen, Photonic crystals of core-shell colloidal particles, Appl. Phys. Lett. 80, 49-51 (2002).

68 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 2 : Soft Condensed Matter and Biophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr. A. van Blaaderen

Velikov, K.P., T. van Dillen, A. Polman, and A. van Blaaderen, Photonic crystals of shape- anisotropic colloidal particles, Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 838-840 (2002).

Vossen, D.L.J., J.P. Hoogenboom, K. Overgaag, and A. van Blaaderen, "Building two and three-dimensional structures of colloidal particles on surfaces using optical tweezers and critical point drying", in Nanopatterning - From Ultralarge-Scale Integration to Biotechnology, edited by L. Merhari, K. E. Gonsalves, E. A. Dobisz, M. Angelopoulos and D. Herr (Materials Research Society, Boston, 2002), Vol. 705, p. Y6.8.1-Y6.8.6.

Yethiraj, A. and A. van Blaaderen, Monodisperse colloidal suspensions of silica and PMMA spheres as model electrorheological fluids: A real-space study of structure formation, Int. J. Mod. Phys. B 16, 2328-2333 (2002).

Biophysics 1996 (refereed) Draaijer, A., R. Sanders and H.C. Gerritsen, Time domain FLIM, Scanning, 55, 20 (1996).

Gerritsen, H.C., R. Sanders and A. Draaijer, The photon economy of fluorescence lifetime imaging, Scanning, 55, 18 (1996).

Heide, U.A. van de, G.v Ginkel, Y.K. Levine, DPH is localized in two distinct populations in lipid vesicle, Chem. Phys. Lett. 253, 118 (1996).

Muller, J.M., G. van Ginkel,, E.E. van Faassen, Effects of lipid molecular structure and gramicidin A on the core of lipid vesicle bilayers. A time- resolved fluorescence depolarisation study, Biochem. 35, 488 (1996).

Muller, J.M., J.C.D. Verhagen, D.H. Harryvan, E.E. van Faassen, G. van Ginkel, The orientation of optical transition dipole moments of TMA-DPH, Chem. Phys, 211, 413 (1996).

Munro, I.H., G.R.Jones, M.Tobin, D.A.Shaw, Y.Levine, H.Gerritsen, C.J.R..van der Oord and F. Rommerts, Confocal imaging using synchrotron radiation, J. of Electron Spectr., 80, 343- 347, (1996).

Sanders, R., M.A.M.J. van Zandvoort, A. Draaijer, Y.K. Levine and H.C. Gerritsen, Confocal fluorescence lifetime imaging of chlorophyll molecules in polymer matrices, Photochem. and Biol, 64(5) 817-820 (1996).

Sanders, R., A. Draaijer and H.C. Gerritsen, Applications of confocal fluorescence lifetime imaging, Scanning, 55, 22 (1996).

Van der Oord, C.J.R., H.C. Gerritsen, G.R. Jones, D.A. Shaw, I.H. Munro and Y.K. Levine, High resolution confocal microscopy using synchrotron radiation, J. of Microscopy, 182(3), 217-224 (1996).

Verhagen, J.C.D., P. ter Brake, J.Teunissen, G. van Ginkel and A. Sevanian, Physical effects of biologically formed cholesterol oxidation products on lipid membranes investigated with

69 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 2 : Soft Condensed Matter and Biophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr. A. van Blaaderen fluorescence depolarization spectroscopy and electron spin resonance, J.of Lipid Res. 37, 1488 (1996).

1996 (other publications) Gerritsen, H.C., Confocal fluorescence lifetime imaging, in 'Fluorescence Microscopy and Fluorescent Probes', ed. J. Slavik, PLENUM New York, 39-50 (1996).

Ginkel, G.van, S. Gobets, B.C. Sliggers, Biophysics in the Netherlands, Time and Life, Teylers museum, Haarlem, The Netherlands, (1996).

Heide, U.A. van de, H. Eviatar, Y.K. Levine, What do probe molecules monitor in lipid bilayers? Y. Barenholz and D.D. Lasic (Eds.), CRC press, 61, (1996).

1997 (refereed) Gerritsen, H.C., R.Sanders, A.Draaijer and Y.K. Levine, Fluorescence lifetime imaging of oxygen in living cells, J. of Fluorescence, 7 (1), 11-16, (1997).

Bultynck, L., J.M.C. Geuns, G. van Ginkel and R.J. Caubergs, Properties of plasma membranes of Phsp 7-ipt transformed tobacco (Nicotiana Tabacum), Phytochemistry, 45, 1337-1341, (1997).

Verhagen, J.C.D., M.A.M.J. van Zandvoort, J. Vroom, L.B.A. Johansson and G. van Ginkel, The spectroscopie properties of 2,5,8,11 – Tetra-tert-butyl-perylene in polymer film, J. Phys. Chem. 101, 10568-10575, (1997).

Zandvoort, M.A.M.J. van, H.C. Gerritsen and Y.K. Levine, Distribution of hydrophobic probe molecules in lipid bilayers. 1. Monte Carlo dynamics computer simulations, J. Phys. Chem. B, 101, 4142-4148 (1997).

Zandvoort, M.A.M.J. van, H.C. Gerritsen G. van Ginkel, Y.K. Levine, R. Tarroni anc C. Zannoni, Distribution of hydrophobic probe molecules in lipid bilayers. 2. Time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy study of perylene in vesicles, J. Phys. Chem. B, 101, 4149-4154 (1997).

1997 (other publications) Gerritsen, H.C., Confocal fluorescence lifetime imaging, in Single Cell techniques in signal transduction research, Ed. B. van Duijn & A. Wiltink, Single cell research foundation, Leiden, 129-136, (1997).

Ginkel, G. van, Dr. Caroline Emilie Bleeker en de Nederlandse Optiek en Instrumentenfabriek Dr. C.E. Bleeker, (1997).

1998 (refereed) Arcioni, A., M.A.M.J. van Zandvoort, P. Bartolini, R. torre, R. Tarroni, R. Righini and C. Zannoni, P., Effective shape and dynamics of chlorophyll a in a nematic liquid crystal, Phys. B 102, 1624-1631, (1998).

70 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 2 : Soft Condensed Matter and Biophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr. A. van Blaaderen

Bradshaw, D.J. , P.D. Marsh, H.C. Gerritsen, J.M. Vroom, G.K. Watson and C. Allison, Detection of pH gradients in biofilms using two-photon excitation microscopy, J. of Dental Research, 77 b, 988 (1998).

Sytsma, J., J.M. Vroom, C.J. de Grauw and H.C. Gerritsen, Time gated fluorescence lifetime imaging and micro-volume spectroscopy using two-photon excitation, J. of Microscopy, 191(1), 39-51, (1998).

Van der Strijf, C. and Y.K. Levine, On the use of the phase memory time T2 for the quantitative characterization of the rotational motions of proteins in lipid bilayer systems, J. Magn. Res. 130, 244-252, (1988).

1998 (other publications) Gerritsen, H.C., and Y.K. Levine, Computer simulations of the behaviour of hydrophobic probe molecules in lipid bilayers, Fluorescence Microscopy and fluorescent probes, Vol.2, Ed. J. Slavik, Plenum New York, 13-23 (1998).

Gerritsen, H.C., Two-photon excitation microscopy in fluorescence lifetime imaging, , Fluorescence Microscopy and fluorescent probes, Vol.2, Ed. J. Slavik, Plenum New York, 55-62 (1998).

Gerritsen, H.C., J.M. Vroom and C.J. de Grauw, In-depth imaging using two-photon excitation microscopy, Microscopy & Analysis, 4(2), 420-421 (1998).

1999 (refereed) De Grauw, C.J., J.M. Vroom, H.T.M. van der Voort and H.C. Gerritsen, Imaging properties in two-photon excitation microscopy and effects of refractive-index mismatch in thick specimens, Applied Optics, 38(28), 5995-6003, (1999).

Lettinga, M.P., Klarenbeek, E.M., Zuilhof, H., van Zandvoort, The orientation of the phosphorescence dipole moment of erythrosine B within its molecular frame, J. Fluoresc. 9, 265-279, (1999).

Van den Bergh, B.A.I., J. Vroom, H.C. Gerritsen, H.E. Junginger, J.A. Bouwstra, Interactions of elastic and rigid vesicles with human skin in vitro: electron microscopy and two-photon excitation microscopy, Bba - Biomembranes 1461(1), 155-173, (1999).

Van Zandvoort, M.A.M.J., D.L.J. Vossen, G. van Ginkel, R. Torre, P. Bartolini, M. Ricci, J.Thomas-Oates and H.Zuilhof, Spectral characterization of fluorescent 5-iodoacetamido- tetramethylrhodamine and its N-acetylcysteine derivative, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys, 1, 4571- 4582, (1999).

Vroom, J.M., C.J. de Grauw, H.C. Gerritsen, D.J. Bradshaw, P.D. Marsh, G.K. Watson, J.J. Birmingham and C. Allison, Depth penetration and detection of pH gradients in biofilms by two-photon excitation microscopy, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 65(8), 3502- 3511, (1999).

71 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 2 : Soft Condensed Matter and Biophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr. A. van Blaaderen

1999 (other publications) Frederix, P.L.T.M., W. Hamelink, E.L. de Beer and H.C. Gerritsen, Dynamic pbFRET measurements on the actomyosin complex – a spectral study of Oregon Green-488 and Texas Red as donor-acceptor couple, Fluorescence Microscopy and Fluorescent Probes, 81-90, ed. A. Kotyk, Espero publishing, Praag, (1999).

De Grauw, C.J., and H.C. Gerritsen, Quantitative imaging in thick specimens using two-photon FLIM, Fluorescence Microscopy and Fluorescent Probes, 91-98, ed. A. Kotyk, Espero publishing, Praag, (1999).

Gerritsen, H.C., and C.J. de Grauw, Imaging of optically thick specimens using two-photon excitation microscopy, Microscopy Research and Technique, 47(3), (1999).

Gerritsen, H.C., J.M. Vroom and C.J. de Grauw, Combining two-photon excitation with fluorescence lifetime imaging. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology, 18(5), (1999).

Gerritsen, H.C. and C.J. de Grauw, Two-photon excitation imaging of biofilm, Microscopy and Microanalysis, 5(2), 502-503, (1999).

2000 (refereed) Agronskaia, A.V. and H.C. Gerritsen, Fast fluorescence lifetime imaging of biological processes, Cel. Mol. Biol., 46: 1 (2000).

Grewal, B.S., A. Naik, W.J. Irwin, G. Gooris, C.J. de Grauw, H.C. Gerritsen and J.A. Bouwstra,. Transdermal Macromolecular Delivery: Real-Time Visualisation of Iontophoretic and Chemically Enhanced Transport Using Two-Photon Excitation Microscopy, Pharm. Res. 17: (2000).

Gerritsen, H.C. and C.J. de Grauw, Microscopic probing using fluorescence lifetime imaging, Cel. Mol. Biol. 46: 46 (2000).

Lettinga, M.P., M.A.M.J. van Zandvoort, C.M. van Kats and A.P. Philipse, Phosphorescent colloidal silica spheres as tracers for rotational diffusion studies, Langmuir 16: 6156-6165 (2000).

Lettinga, M.P., C.M. van Kats and A.P. Philipse, Rotational diffusion of tracer spheres in packings and dispersions of colloidal spheres studied with time-resolved phosphorescence anisotropy, Langmuir 16: 6166-6172 (2000).

Lettinga, M.P., H. Zuilhof and M.A.M.J. van Zandvoort, Phosphorescence and fluorescence characterization of fluorescein derivatives immobilized in various polymer matrices, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2: 3697-3707 (2000)..

Van Sark, W.G.J.H.M., P.L.T.M. Frederix, D.J. van den Heuvel, M.A.H. Asselbergs, I. Senf, and H.C. Gerritsen, Fast imaging of single molecules and nanoparticles by wide-field microscopy and spectrally resolved confocal microscopy, Single Mol. 1: 291-298 (2000).

72 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 2 : Soft Condensed Matter and Biophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr. A. van Blaaderen

2001 (refereed) Barzda, V., C.J. de Grauw, J.Vroom, F.J. Kleima, R. van Grondelle, H. van Amerongen and H.C. Gerritsen, Fluorescence lifetime heterogeneity in aggregates of LHCII revealed by time-resolved microscopy, Biophys. J. 81: 538-546 (2001).

De Grauw C.J. and H.C. Gerritsen, A multiple time-gate module for fluorescence lifetime imaging, Appl. Spectr. 55: 670-678 (2001).

Frederix, P.L.T.M., M.A.H. Asselbergs, W.G.J.H.M. van Sark, D.J. van den Heuvel, W. Hamelink, E.L. de Beer and H.C. Gerritsen, A high sensitivity spectrograph for use in fluorescence microscopy, Appl. Spectr. 55: 1005-1012 (2001).

Frederix, P.L.T.M., W.G.J.H.M. van Sark and H.C. Gerritsen, Time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy on the photo-physical behavior of single molecules and quantum dots, Abs. Am. Chem. Soc. 221: 149 (2001).

Van de Ven, M. J. and C. J. de Grauw, 3-D apple skin autofluorescence studied with two- photon excitation microscopy. Biophys. J. 80: 656.02 (2001).

Van Sark, W.G.J.H.M., P.L.T.M. Frederix, D.J. Van den Heuvel, H.C. Gerritsen, A.A. Bol, J.N.J. van Lingen, C De Mello Donegá and A.Meijerink, Photooxidation and photobleaching of single CdSe/ZnS quantum dots probed by room-temperature time-resolved spectroscopy, J. Phys. Chem. B 105: 8281-8284 (2001).

2001 (other publications) De Grauw, C.J., M.A.M.J. van Zandvoort, M.G.A. oude Egbrink, D.W. Slaaf and H.C. Gerritsen, Two-photon lifetime imaging of blood and blood vessels, Proc. SPIE. 4262:171-176 (2001).

Gerritsen, H.C. and C. de Grauw, One and two-photon confocal fluorescence lifetime imaging and its applications. in “Methods in cellular imaging”, Ed. A. Periasamy, Oxford university Press, Oxford (2001) pp. 309-323.

De Grauw, C.J. and H.C. Gerritsen, Aberrations and Penetration in In-Depth Confocal and Two-Photon Excitation Microscopy, in “Confocal and Two-Photon Microscopy: Foundations, Applications and Advances”, Ed. A. Diaspro, Wiley, New York (2001).

Van der Oord, C.J.R., C.J. de Grauw and H.C. Gerritsen, Fluorescence lifetime imaging module LIMO for CLSM, Proc. SPIE 4252, 119-123 (2001).

Van Sark, W.G.J.H.M., P.L.T.M. Frederix, D.J. van den Heuvel and H.C. Gerritsen, Photo- induced oxidation of single nanoparticles studied by fast spectral imaging, in Proceedings of the Fall Meeting of the Dutch Society for Microscopy, December 13-14, 2001, Papendal, the Netherlands (NVVM, Delft, the Netherlands), 128 (2001)

73 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 2 : Soft Condensed Matter and Biophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr. A. van Blaaderen

Van Sark, W.G.J.H.M., Methods of deposition of hydrogenated amorphous silicon for device applications, in “Handbook of Thin Films Materials, Vol. 1: Deposition and Processing of Thin Films”, Ed. H.S. Nalwa, Academic Press, San Diego, CA, USA, 1-102 (2001).

2002 (refereed) Frederix, P.L.T.M. and E.L. de Beer, Dynamic Monte Carlo simulations to model FRET and photobleaching in systems with multiple donor-acceptor interactions, J. Phys. Chem. B 106, 6793-6801 (2002).

Gerritsen, H.C., M.A.H. Asselbergs, A.V. Agronskaia, and W. van Sark, Fluorescence lifetime imaging in scanning microscopes: acquisition speed, photon economy and lifetime resolution, J. Microsc.-Oxf. 206, 218-224 (2002).

Van Sark, W.G.J.H.M., P.L.T.M. Frederix, A.A. Bol, H.C. Gerritsen, and A. Meijerink, Blueing, bleaching, and blinking of single CdSe/ZnS quantum dots, Phys. Chem 3, 871-879 (2002).

Van Sark, W.G.J.H.M., P.L.T.M. Frederix, D.J. van den Heuvel, A.A. Bol, J.N.J. van Lingen, C. De Mello Donegá, H.C. Gerritsen, and A. Meijerink, Time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy study on the photophysical behavior of quantum dots, Journal of Fluorescence 12, 69-76 (2002).

Van Zandvoort, M.A.M.J., C.J. de Grauw, H.C. Gerritsen, J.L.V. Broers, M. Egbrink, F.C.S. Ramaekers, and D.W. Slaaf, Discrimination of DNA and RNA in cells by a vital fluorescent probe: Lifetime Imaging of SYTO13 in healthy and apoptotic cells, Cytometry 47, 226-235 (2002).

2002 (other publication) De Grauw, C.J., P.L.T.M. Frederix, and H.C. Gerritsen, "Aberrations and penetration in in- depth confocal and two-photon-excitation microscopy", in Confocal and Two-Photon Microscopy Foundations, Applications, and Advances, edited by A. Diaspro (Wiley-Liss, New York, 2002), p. 153-169.

Note: The program decided not to include the list of publications submitted to refereed journals for publication in 2003.

74 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 3 : Surfaces, Interfaces and Devices Program Leader : Prof. dr. F.H.P.M. Habraken

2. Documentation per research program

Title of the program Surfaces, Interfaces and Devices

Program leaders Prof. dr. F.H.P.M. Habraken (from 2001) Directors Debye Institute Prof. dr. F.H.P.M. Habraken (from 2000) Prof. dr. H.N.W. Lekkerkerker (from 1998 until 2000) Prof. dr. W.F. van der Weg (until 1998)

Starting date of the program Formally this program was established with the creation of the Research Institute in 2001. The research in the field of the current program dates back from before 1996.

Research area and mission Amorphous and micro-crystalline semiconductor thin films, dielectrics, thin film deposition methods, in situ diagnosis, electronic transport, optical absorption, thin film solar cells, field effect transistors, organic solar cells, opto-electronic devices, oxidation of metals, plasma-surface interaction, ion-solid interactions, ion beam analysis, surface analysis, ion beam modification, electronic sputtering, ion beam shaping of particles, hydrogen storage , bio-active films, catalysis. The program is directed towards obtaining fundamental knowledge of surfaces, interfaces, devices and nanomaterials and of processes, which are related to the preparation and properties of these systems. The program has a strong preference for those systems, which are considered to have an important application in industry and society.

Formal affiliations outside Debye Institute and Research School the Research Institute

Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 3 : Surfaces, Interfaces and Devices Program Leader : Prof. dr. F.H.P.M. Habraken plans and budget request for the coming year are presented. The presentations form the basis for the budget allocations made by the Faculty Board for the subsequent year. This program is part of the Debye Institute. The program leader has to optimize the activities of the program within the Debye Institute. See also: Part A, 1.2.

2.2. Strategy and policy The mission of the research in the program Surfaces, Interfaces and Devices (SID) is to obtain fundamental knowledge of surfaces, interfaces, devices and other thin film structures of materials and of processes which are related to the preparation and properties of these systems. The program has a strong preference for those subjects that have an important application in industry and society, like solar cells and opto-electronic technology and catalysis. In the program one can distinguish two approaches: a device oriented approach (solar cells, thin film transistors) and a process oriented approach (deposition, interface reactions, etc). The research of the program has a strong multidisciplinary character. There is a strong mutual benefit in the collaboration with the other groups in the Debye Institute. In the device-oriented approach, the chemical, structural, optical, and electrical properties of thin film amorphous, heterogeneous, and polycrystalline semiconductors are investigated in the bulk of these materials and at interfaces (for instance interfaces with metal oxide transparent conductors and interfaces with silicon nitride and with silicon oxide). This yields knowledge of important material properties, such as the absorption spectrum, photoconductivity and electronic state density distribution within the band gap, as a function of the composition (doping, alloying, and passivation) and of the deposition parameters. The thus optimized layers are incorporated in multi-layer opto-electronic devices, among others in solar cells and thin film transistors. The devices are manufactured in the laboratory and characterized and the implementation in industry is also investigated.

Schematically, the subjects are as follows:

Research on Hot Wire Chemical Vapour Deposition (HWCVD) and Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition (PECVD). Properties of the deposited layers, the behavior of hydrogen in the gas phase and in the films are subject of the investigation. Research and development of thin film solar cells and thin film transistors. In these devices amorphous, micro- and polycrystalline silicon as well as silicon alloys, deposited at low temperatures, are utilized. Thin silicon-hydrogen layers with network structures close to the transition between amorphicity and nano-crystallinity. Relation between growth parameters and structure using in situ analyses. Textured metal oxide electrodes. Light trapping effects due to textured surfaces of metal oxides, physical processes at the interface between these oxides and semiconductor films, and chemical interaction between these oxides and deposition processes for thin films.

The research in the process-oriented approach is directed towards understanding the relation between synthesis, structure and physico-chemical and electrical properties of thin films and surfaces of materials. Although the choice of subjects is motivated by their applications, the

Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 3 : Surfaces, Interfaces and Devices Program Leader : Prof. dr. F.H.P.M. Habraken research is of a fundamental nature, e.g. using model systems, advanced analyses under well controlled UHV conditions and computational methods. Schematically, current and near-future subjects are the following: Metal/gas interactions to study oxidation, nitridation and hydrogenation of metals and metallic layer structures. Current and future interest includes the use of layered systems in hydrogen-storage applications. Sputter plasma deposition, atomic and nanoscale structure and electrical and physico- chemical properties of SiOx films. From plasma-diagnostics via plasma-solid interactions and material structure towards electrical properties. Ion-solid interactions: applications of electron emission under impact of low energy ions, meta-stable atoms, electron microscopy of UV photoelectron emission. Applications are plasma-solid interactions, plasma-display panels and field emission devices, surface magnetism. MeV Ion Beam Analysis: application and limits. MeV Ion beam modification of materials: nano-shaping of (colloidal) particles, templating using ion tracks in films and at interfaces, electronic sputtering. Applications in nano-technology are pursued. Micro-structural evolution of biomaterial coatings for application as bioactive layers on to prosthetic materials. EPR facility, as a central Debye Research School activity to enable state-of-the-art EPR/ENDOR experiments for all Debye groups, strong collaboration with various groups.

Development In the device research the program foresees an increasingly pivoting role in the transfer and implementation of photovoltaic solar cells into the industrial environment. The fundamental long-term research is aiming at the understanding of novel deposition methods for controlling the operation of solar cells as well as novel design concepts (through computer modeling as well as through experimental preparation) for multi-band-gap, multi-junction, and/or hybrid organic/inorganic solar cells and other thin film devices, such as thin film transistors. Expansion of the research into the physics of (conceptually) new devices is foreseen, such as Thin film memories, Light emitting devices, and -electronic devices deposited at very low temperature. The latter can lead to, e.g., solar wallpaper, and driver foils for hybrid plastic electronics (such as active matrix addressed Organic Light Emitting Displays). A further important issue is that the program wishes to combine both the fundamental materials science aspects and the application in real devices (see Quality Assessment 1996). As far as low-temperature silicon- based materials and devices are concerned the role of hydrogen for the electrical passivation, stability and chemical reactivity will continue to be a central theme in these investigations.

In the last few years the possibility to use ~1 MeV/a.m.u. ions to locally modify thin film materials and surfaces on a nm scale and the possibility to modify the shapes of colloidal particles have been explored. It became clear that MeV ion irradiation of surfaces, thin films and multi-layers is an interesting option as processing step in the manufacture of nanostructures, nano-structured materials, (colloidal) masks, porous films etc, for all kind of applications like H storage, optical circuits, high density storage materials and field emission devices. Therefore, MeV ion induced modifications of materials will be an important topic

Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 3 : Surfaces, Interfaces and Devices Program Leader : Prof. dr. F.H.P.M. Habraken for the near future. Of course, we will continue ion beam analysis as a very useful, but routine activity. The larger emphasis on microscopic techniques, strengthened by the installation of the UHV, VT STM/AFM system in the summer of 2003, fits excellently in this policy. Furthermore, from our close collaboration with other groups within the Debye Institute (de Jong, van Blaaderen, Dijkhuis and Vanmaekelbergh/Kelly, Philipse /Lekkerkerker: magnetic colloids) considerable synergy is expected. Further research within the program will continue to be focused on in-situ studies of deposition, composition and structure, and reactivity of materials, using the accelerator based techniques, XPS and other surface science techniques, as well as using plasma diagnostic techniques. The preparation of nano-structures, by using bio-mimetical techniques, and the applications thereof, to develop new device concepts, will be started.

2.3. Processes in research, internal and external collaboration The staff members of the program have complementary expertise and interest, are rather independent and have their own contacts with the external world. They all take initiatives to define projects. Depending on the expertise necessary to carry out a certain research project, personal collaborations are easily organized within the program.

The staff members have a weekly meeting, in which strategic and organizational matters, and matters of safety in the laboratory are discussed. Twice a month there is a collective lunch, with a scientific presentation of one of the PhD students, post-doctoral fellows or staff members. Weekly work discussions are held. Supervision of junior researchers is done by staff members under the final responsibility of one of the chairs holders. Quality control and policy are substantiated within work discussions, and by critical assessment of manuscripts and research proposals. There are regular strategic meetings within the Debye Institute, and the staff members have good contacts with industrial research and development laboratories, and are active in national and international committees in which opinions and facts concerning past and future research are discussed. This information is fed into the discussions about strategy in the staff meetings.

Because of the multidisciplinary character of the field of expertise and the technologically driven choice of research, the program pursues intensive exchange and communication in national and international (industrial) collaborations. Within the UU the program operates within the Debye Institute in which for already a long time intimate collaboration exists with the Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry section of the Faculty of Chemistry. In the near future this collaboration will be extended such as in the investigations of hydrogen storage material structures. Program members took initiative for the national NWO priority Solar Energy program, and operated in the national consortium to study the feasibility of organic solar cells. The program has intensive industrial collaboration with Akzo Nobel and Shell Solar, evidenced by a continued collaboration within the Economy, Ecology and Technology Program, as well as the license agreement between Akzo Nobel, Shell Solar and Utrecht University.

Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 3 : Surfaces, Interfaces and Devices Program Leader : Prof. dr. F.H.P.M. Habraken

The study of deposition and properties of SiOx films is for a long period strongly supported by OCE Technology B.V. Together with Philips Research there was a background study of ion-induced electron emission for Plasma-Display Panels. Since 1994 there is collaboration with the Academic Medical Centre of Nijmegen University on the deposition of coatings for implant materials and the bone formation mechanism on their surface in vitro. Internationally, important collaborations took place in European Union projects and networks. For detailed information, see 2.8. The program served and serves as a facility for analysis of thin films and surfaces using high energy ion beams, within the framework of the FOM IAM (Ion Analysis and Modification) institutions with clients from nearly every university and research institute in the Netherlands.

International academic collaboration exists with the Ecole Polytechnique Palaiseau (France), Institute of Physics, Acad. of Sciences of the Czech Rep., National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL, Golden, Colorado, U.S.A.), Princeton University (New Jersey, U.S.A.), Washington University (St. Louis, MO, U.S.A.), University of Padova (Italy), Oldenburg (Germany), Univ. Southern Calif. (USA), Semenov Inst. (Moscow), Brookhaven Natl Lab (USA), Univ. Western Cape, (South Africa), Technische Univ. Clausthal Zellerfeld (Germany), Oak Ridge Natl. Labs (USA), Moscow State Univ., Univ. of the Basque Country (San Sebastian, Spain) and Asahi Glass Company (Japan). The collaborations result in joint publications, exchange of samples or mutual brief or longer visits of scientists. Within the EU FP6 networks the exchange of scientists will be much better facilitated, and therefore its occurrence will increase.

2.4. Academic reputation All program members have given invited presentations on international conferences, for instance, on the International Conference on Amorphous and Microcrystalline Semiconductors (ICAMS19) 2001, Nice (R.S.).

Most program members were invited in the organizing committees of various international conferences and symposia in the Netherlands and abroad. For example:

Schropp - Chairman “Amorphous and Heterogeneous Silicon” symposium (San Francisco, 1998) in the series of the Materials Research Society symposia. - Chairs the third International Hot Wire CVD conference, which will be held in Utrecht in 2004. - Visiting professor at the prestigious National Renewable Energy Laboratory, in Golden, Colorado, USA, (2001) to act as the project leader for a project on high deposition rate micro-crystalline silicon and devices.

Zeijlmans van Emmichoven - Chairman of IICS-14: International workshop on inelastic ion-surface collisions (2002).

Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 3 : Surfaces, Interfaces and Devices Program Leader : Prof. dr. F.H.P.M. Habraken

Vredenberg - Chairman of the Interfaces & Thin Film section of the Netherlands Physical Society/Netherlands Vacuum Society.

Habraken - Member and chairman of the Utrecht University advisory committee on the Quality of Teaching and Education (until 1999). - Member of the 2000/2001 European Cross Border Evaluation Committee of Physics Education. - Editor-in-chief of the journal Applied Surface Science (from 1998).

Van der Weg - Extra-ordinary professor at the University of the Western Cape, South Africa (from 1997), giving annual courses on Solar Cell Physics, supervising and advising in MSc and PhD research in the Physics Dept of UWC.

Other program members acted as guest-editor (R.S., A.V., F.H.) for conference proceedings. For a list, see below. Conference proceedings with program members as co-editors: - Schropp: Proceedings Materials Research Society Symposium: Amorphous Silicon Technology, MRS Proc. 420 (1996), Amorphous and Microcrystalline Silicon Technology, MRS Proc. 467 (1997), Amorphous and Microcrystalline Silicon technology, MRS Proc. 507 (1998), Amorphous and -Heterogeneous Silicon Thin Films, MRS Proc. 557 (1999). - Habraken: Proceedings ECOSS-13 (Enschede 1997) Surface Science volume 402-404, 1998. - Vredenberg: Proceedings of 11th International Conference on Ion Beam Modification of Materials (Amsterdam, 1998), Proceedings 2nd Asian-European International Conference on Plasma Surface Engineering (Beijing 1999). - Zeijlmans van Emmichoven: Proceedings of the 14th International workshop on inelastic ion-surface collisions (Ameland, 2002). - Schropp: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Cat-CVD (Hot Wire CVD) Process, to be published in Thin Solid Films (2002), Section Editor of Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science (COSSMS) Chemical Vapor Deposition of Silicon Thin Films Vol. 6/5 (2002).

Sinke - Shell Prize (2000).

2.5. Internal evaluation and analysis, perspectives and expectations for the research program Strengths. The program has a strong national and international position and has built up an excellent large scientific and technical infrastructure to carry out its research. It operates in a field, which is important in industry and society. This provides access to many funding possibilities. Indeed, the program has been successful in obtaining funding from a wide variety of sources. The program operates within the Debye Institute, which results in

Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 3 : Surfaces, Interfaces and Devices Program Leader : Prof. dr. F.H.P.M. Habraken

(mutually) fruitful collaborations with colleagues, having a background in chemistry. The program attracts PhD students interested in the societal, scientific and technological context of physics and prepares well for a job in industry and society.

Weaknesses. The rapid turnover of the large number of temporary technical staff members and the large infrastructure require a major effort in maintenance. The program has a multitude of projects to manage, with various funding sources and continuously adapting and diverging procedures, regulations, and administrative requirements. It lacks sufficient support to handle these obligations, which may in the end come at the expense of the research time of the staff.

Opportunities. The increased societal interest in sustainable development increases the possibility to obtain funding for research in fields like photo-voltaics and hydrogen storage. The operational infrastructure with the possibility to deposit, modify (e.g. by MeV ions) and study (e.g. by STM/AFM) thin films and surfaces is a good starting point to be successful in the field of nano-science which is an interesting and growing field in both scientific and technological respect.

Threats. The maintenance and renewal of the expensive infrastructure makes the program extra vulnerable for budget cuts in university funding.

Analysis. The excellent infrastructure is a strong point of the program, but it may become increasingly difficult to keep it operating optimally and to pursue necessary renewal. This latter task and the administrative burden consume manpower and distract from the scientific mission. Therefore, the program continuously has to safeguard the balance of infrastructure, focus and flexibility.

Adjusted goals and strategy. The program aims at optimizing its coherence by an increased focus on a few selected subjects and by continuous critical assessment of the infrastructure to identify the essential parts. The program aims to increase the number of permanent technical staff members. Recently, this has been realized in part.

2.6. External validation The mission of the program is to carry out fundamental materials and device research that is relevant for applications of surfaces and thin films in important fields of activities in industry and society, like micro-electronics, energy conversion and storage, catalysis, corrosion, biomedical materials, copying and printing. The know-how and the acquired expertise are implemented to facilitate economically feasible and ecologically sensible applications of thin films. The process of dissemination is facilitated since often the research is carried out in close co-operation with industry and agencies like the Ministry of Economic Affairs. For example, the production and installation of solar cells is obviously of importance in a society, which strives for sustainable development. Other implementation areas are communication devices (Flat Panel Displays, such as Plasma Display Panels and Liquid Crystal Displays). Ion Induced electron emission from insulators is of importance since these processes play an important role in Plasma Display Panels (PDP).

Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 3 : Surfaces, Interfaces and Devices Program Leader : Prof. dr. F.H.P.M. Habraken

Investigations of deposition and properties of low-temperature sputter-deposited silicon sub- oxides SiOx layers are carried out in view of their application in copying/printing devices and financed by one of the major industries in this field. The EPR-ENDOR facility has been involved in a series of spin trapping experiments for biomedical research as part of collaboration with the University Hospital in Utrecht.

2.7. Researchers and other personnel Within the program S.I.D. 7 permanent staff members are currently employed. They are relatively independent. This gives them the opportunity to develop themselves in the scientific direction they prefer, within the context of the mission of the program, and to take responsibility for their career. On the other hand it requires the program management to emphasize the coherence in the program. For every staff member there is a yearly organized moment of evaluation of past performance and planned development. A variable number of post-doctoral fellows (currently 6) work within the projects for periods varying from 1-3 years. The post docs and PhD students apply for a position stimulated by the information on the web site of the program or through external contacts of the staff members. In the program on average 3 technicians an 1 part-time secretary are employed on permanent positions. A variable number of technicians (currently 6) are employed on temporary positions within the projects. The average duration of the PhD period is slightly larger than 4 years. During the review period 1 student has dropped out from the PhD program.

Table 3: Surfaces, Interfaces and Devices Research staff at program level Name and ‘96 ‘97 ‘98 ‘99 ‘00 ‘01 ‘02 present title

Full professors F.H.P.M. Habraken 0,20 0,20 0,20 0,20 0,20 0,60 0,60 A.N. Niehaus 0,30 0,30 0,30 0,30 0,30 0,10 H. Rudolph 0,10 0,20 R.E.I. Schropp 0,30 0,60 0,60 W.F. van der Weg 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,40 0,20 0,20 Associate J. Bezemer 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,40 professors H. Rudolph 0,30 0,30 0,20 0,20 0,20 0,10 R.E.I. Schropp 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,30 E.E. van Faassen 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 A.M. Vredenberg 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 Assistant P.A. Zeijlmans van 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 professor Emmichoven Tenured J.K. Rath 0,73 0,80 1,00 researcher Total tenured 4,40 4,40 4,30 4,30 4,63 4,30 4,40 staff

Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 3 : Surfaces, Interfaces and Devices Program Leader : Prof. dr. F.H.P.M. Habraken

Post-doctoral W.M. Arnold Bik 1,00 1,00 0,5 fellows P. Biswas 0,92 1,00 0,08 J. Daey Ouwens 1,00 0,75 L.C. Jacobs 0,92 1,00 0,08 Galetto 0,25 H.D. Goldback 0,92 Y.T. Matulevic 0,50 1,00 0,42 E.C. Molenbroek 0,92 0,83 H. Meiling 1,00 1,00 A. Rabon 0,58 0,92 J.K. Rath 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00 0,08 F.A. Rubinelli 1,00 J.S. Salafsky 0,42 1,00 0,58 N. Tomozeiu 0,08 1,00 1,00 1,00 A. Palmeco Acebedo 0,33 B. Stannowski 0,83 R.L. Stolk 0,58 I.F. Urazgil’din 0,30 W.G.J.H.M. van Sark 0,75 Part time F.C. Schüller 0,12 0,12 0,12 0,12 0,12 0,12 0,12 professor PhD students Total 9,96 13,62 12,66 10,8 10,68 8,04 8,9 Total non 17,30 19,49 15,78 14,00 15,05 12,16 13,30 tenured staff

Total research 21,70 23,89 20,08 18,30 19,68 16,46 17,70 staff

Other program members Adjunct professors A. Polman (AMOLF) W.C. Sinke (ECN)

Visiting staff D.O. Boerma (University of Groningen, until 2001) D. Knoesen (Univ. Western Cape, South Africa, 2/01 until 2/02, 9/02 until 11/02) A. Vanin (Semenov Inst., Moscow, 4/00 until 8/00) I.F. Urazgil’din (Moscow State University, until 1997)

Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 3 : Surfaces, Interfaces and Devices Program Leader : Prof. dr. F.H.P.M. Habraken

2.8. Resources, funding and facilities The program is funded by a wide variety of sources: ranging from the Faculty of Physics and Astronomy via FOM/STW to EU, Ministry of Economic Affairs and directly from industry. Extensive funding is necessary since the program operates two major experimental and technical facilities: Utrecht Solar Energy Laboratory (USEL) and Utrecht Surface Analysis Laboratory (USAL). The USEL is a laboratory designed for manufacture and characterization of thin film devices like amorphous silicon based solar cells and thin-film transistors. It houses several operational multi-chamber deposition systems for Plasma Enhanced Chemical vapor Deposition (PECVD) and Hot Wire CVD, also for relatively large surface area depositions. Combined with equipment to deposit transparent conducting oxides and metal contacts and laser scribing facilities, complete device structures have been fabricated. For characterisation the USEL contains a variety of electrical, optical and opto-electronic techniques like Raman and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Reflection and Transmission Spectroscopy, photo-conductivity and spectral response set-ups and a calibrated solar simulator. Some of the deposition systems contain facilities for in situ studies: spectroscopic ellipsometry and mass spectrometry. In the summer of 2003 a multi-target sputtering facility will be installed.

In the USAL a number of UHV surface and thin film analysis and preparation techniques are operational. A specialism is the application of high- and low-energy ion beams for surface and thin film analysis, using a.o. the two departmental van der Graaff accelerators in techniques like Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry and Elastic Recoil Detection using various detectors, a.o. ionisation chambers and a magnetic spectrograph. Other techniques are Low-Energy-Ion Scattering, X-ray and UV Photo-electron Spectroscopy and Auger electron Spectroscopy, Low- energy-electron diffraction, Ellipsometry, Photo-electron emission microscopy (PEEM) and electron emission as a result of bombardment with low energy ions and meta-stable atoms. There is a r.f. magnetron deposition system, connected to the tandem accelerator for in-situ ERD studies, having facilities in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry and for plasma diagnostics (Optical Emission Spectroscopy, Langmuir probe and energy dispersive mass spectrometry). A UHV transporter enables the transfer of samples under UHV between the systems in the USAL. In the summer of 2003 a variable temperature UHV STM/AFM system will be installed. The EPR-ENDOR equipment serves as a central Debye Institute facility and is operated by a scientific staff member from the program S.I.D.

Table 4a Surfaces, Interfaces and Devices Funding at program level in K€ Funding 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 97-02 average Direct funding 1.356 1.267 1.437 1.503 1.890 1.854 1.551 Research funds 399 477 191 329 268 178 58 250 Contracts 490 387 972 646 797 778 1.171 792 Other

Total 2.221 2.430 2.413 2.567 2.846 3.083 2.593

Table 4a: The funding of the program during the evaluation period in k€.

Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 3 : Surfaces, Interfaces and Devices Program Leader : Prof. dr. F.H.P.M. Habraken

Table 4b Surfaces, Interfaces and Devices Funding at program level in % Funding 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 97-02 average Direct funding 61% 52% 60% 59% 66% 60% 60% Research funds 21% 8% 13% 10% 6% 2% 10% Contracts 17% 40% 27% 31% 27% 38% 31% Other

Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

Table 4b: The funding of the program during the evaluation period in %. For an explanation see Institute documentation.

Externally financed projects Funding through the FOM programs Condensed Matter, Atomic Physics & Quantum Electronics. Additional FOM and STW support was obtained through a number of projects (beleids- en projectruimte). Details of funding by other agencies is found below.

NWO: Priority Program Solar cells Duration: 1994-2002 Responsible scientists: W.F. van der Weg/ R.E.I. Schropp/W.C. Sinke

KNAW: fellowship H. Meiling Duration: 1995-1998 Responsible scientist: R.E.I. Schropp

Programs of the Ministry of Economic Affairs NOVEM: Organic Solar cells: feasibility study Duration: 1992-2000 Responsible scientists: F.H.P.M. Habraken, E.E. van Faassen/ R.E.I. Schropp

NOVEM: Plasma deposition Duration: 1994-2002 Responsible scientists: J. Bezemer / J. Rath

NOVEM: Tandem solar cells Duration: 1993-2002 Responsible scientist: R.E.I. Schropp

NOVEM: Thin film transistors Duration: 1998-2002 Responsible scientist: R.E.I. Schropp

Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 3 : Surfaces, Interfaces and Devices Program Leader : Prof. dr. F.H.P.M. Habraken

NOVEM: Triple solar cells Duration: 2001-.. Responsible scientist: R.E.I. Schropp

NOVEM Mission-N project: Microcrystalline Silicon in the Netherlands Duration: 2001- 2003 Responsible scientist: J. Rath

NOVEM: Thin film silicon Duration: 1995-2003 Responsible scientist: R.E.I. Schropp

TNO/NOVEM: Transparent conductive ZnO Duration 1998-2003 Responsible scientist: R.E.I. Schropp

IOP: Calcium phosphate coatings Duration: 1999-2003 Responsible scientist: A.M. Vredenberg

Industry AKZO: Flexible amorphous silicon solar cells Duration 1996 Responsible scientist: R.E.I. Schropp

AKZO Nobel/EET: Roll-to-roll development of solar cells Duration 1997-2001 Responsible scientist: R.E.I. Schropp

AKZO Nobel / Shell Solar/EET: Helianthos: Development of roll-to-roll production process Duration: 2001-2005 Responsible scientist: R.E.I. Schropp

OCE Technology B.V.: SiOx layers Duration 1998-2002 Responsible scientist: F. Habraken

OCE Technology B.V.: SOUND Duration 2002-2006 Responsible scientist: F. Habraken

Qineti Q: Optically addressed spatial light modulators Duration 2001-2004 Responsible scientist: R.E.I. Schropp

Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 3 : Surfaces, Interfaces and Devices Program Leader : Prof. dr. F.H.P.M. Habraken

FOM/Philips: MgO in plasma display panels Duration: 2000-2002 Responsible scientists: P. Zeijlmans van Emmichoven

European Union EU-HCM: Charge exchange processes at surfaces Duration 1994-1997 Responsible scientist: A. Niehaus

EU-Joule: Dye sensitized nano-crystalline solar cells Duration: 1996-1998 Responsible scientist: R.E.I. Schropp

EU-Joule: Multi-junction multi-bandgap amorphous Si modules at low cost (MUSIC) Duration:1997-1998 Responsible scientist: R.E.I. Schropp

Hetero-junction solar cells (ADVOCATE) Duration 2001-2004 Responsible scientist: R.E.I. Schropp

EU Networks PV NET Duration 2001-2003 Network co-ordinator: A. Jäger-Waldau (ISPRA) Responsible scientist: R.E.I. Schropp

Asinet Duration 2001-2004 Network co-ordinator: J. Carabe (Madrid) Responsible scientist: R.E.I. Schropp

2.9 Overview of the results 1. Key publications 1. S. Acco , D.L. Williamson, P.A. Stolk, F.W. Saris, M.J. van den Boogaard, W.C. Sinke, W.F. van der Weg, S. Roorda, Hydrogen solubility and network stability in amorphous silicon, Physical Review B 53 (8): 4415 (1996)

2. H. Meiling and R.E.I. Schropp, Stable amorphous-silicon thin-film transistors, Appl. Phys. Lett. 70 (20), 2681 (1997).

3. J.K. Rath, H. Meiling, and R.E.I. Schropp, Purely intrinsic poly-silicon films for n-i-p solar cells, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 36 (1), 5436 (1997).

Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 3 : Surfaces, Interfaces and Devices Program Leader : Prof. dr. F.H.P.M. Habraken

4. S.J. Roosendaal, A.M. Vredenberg and F.H.P.M. Habraken, Oxidation of Iron: the relation between oxidation kinetics and oxide electronic structure. Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 3366 (2000).

5. E.H.C. Ullersma, P. Ullersma and F.H.P.M. Habraken, Hydrogen loss in a-Si:C:H layers induced by MeV ion beam irradiation, Physical Review B 61, 15 (2000) .

6. Y.T. Matulevich, T.J. Vink, P.A. Zeijlmans van Emmichoven, Low-energy ion-induced electron emission from a MgO(100) thin film: the role of the MgO-substrate interface, Phys. Rev. Letters 89, 167601 (2002).

2. Dissertations 1996: C.H.M. Marée (category 1) Ion beam studies of organic cell structures; promotor: Prof. dr. F.H.P.M. Habraken, co-promotor: Dr. R.E.I. Schropp

1996: G. Spierings (category 1) Electron emission in atom-surface collisions; promotor: Prof. dr. A. Niehaus, co-promotor: Dr. P.A. Zeijlmans van Emmichoven

1996: G.H. van den Hoven (category 2) Erbium-doped photonic materials based on silicon; promotor: Prof. dr. F.W. Saris co-promotor: Dr. A. Polman

1996: C.P. Tanzi (category 2) Emission of soft X-ray and microwave radiation from tokamak plasmas promotors: Prof. dr. F.C. Schüller, prof. dr. N.J. Lopes Cardozo (FOM Rijnhuizen)

1996: J.F.M. van Gelder (category 2) Electron cyclotron wave absorption: experiments in tokamak plasma; promotor: Prof. dr. F.C. Schüller co-promotors: Dr. A.J..H. Donné Dr. E. Westerhof

1996: J.H. Rommers (category 2) Faraday rotation measurements in the RTP tokamak; promotor: Prof. dr. F.C. Schüller co-promotor: Dr. A.J..H. Donné

Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 3 : Surfaces, Interfaces and Devices Program Leader : Prof. dr. F.H.P.M. Habraken

1997: D.K. Inia (category 1) Low-temperature nitriding of iron; promotors: Prof. dr. D.O. Boerma Prof. dr. F.H.P.M. Habraken co-promotor: Dr. A.M. Vredenberg

1997: S. Acco (category 1) Structural defects and hydrogen clustering in amorphous silicon; promotors: Prof. dr. W.F. van der Weg Prof. dr. W.C. Sinke

1997: P.C. de Vries (category 2) Magnetic islands in tokamak plasmas: promotor: Prof. dr. F.C. Schüller

1997: K. van Dijk (category 3) Magnetron Sputter deposition and characterization of Ca5(PO4)3OH coatings; promotors: Prof. dr. J.A. Jansen Prof. dr. F.H.P.M. Habraken

1998: E.H.C. Ullersma (category 1) Network structure and hydrogen diffusion in amorphous silicon carbon alloys; promotors: Prof. dr. F.H.P.M. Habraken Prof. dr. W.F. van der Weg

1998: J. Wallinga (category 1) Textured transparant electrodes and series integrated for amorphous silicon solar cells; promotors: Prof. dr. W.F. van der Weg co-promotor: Dr. R.E.I. Schropp

1998: M.W.M. van Cleef (category 1) Amorphous-crystalline silicon heterostructures and solar cells; promotor: Prof. dr. W.F. van der Weg co-promotor: Dr. R.E.I. Schropp

1998: E.A.G. Hamers (category 1) Plasma deposition of hydrogenated amorphous silicon. Plasma processes, ion, fluxes, and material properties; promotor: Prof. dr. W.F. van der Weg co-promotor: Dr. ir. J. Bezemer

1998: B. van Someren (category 1) Particle emission in keV ion surface collisions; promotor: Prof. dr. A. Niehaus co-promotor: Dr. P.A. Zeijlmans van Emmichoven

Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 3 : Surfaces, Interfaces and Devices Program Leader : Prof. dr. F.H.P.M. Habraken

1998: K.F. Feenstra (category 1) Hot-wire chemical vapor deposition of amorphous silicon and the application in solar cells; promotor: Prof. dr. W.F. van der Weg co-promotor: Dr. R.E.I. Schropp

1998: G.J. Nienhuis (category 2) A plasma model for silicon deposition; promotor: Prof. dr. F.C. Schüller

1998: F.M. Schuurmans (category 2) Surface passivation of silicon by PECVD silicon nitride; promotor: Prof. dr. W.C. Sinke

1998: M. L.Brongersma (category 2) Optical properties of ion beam synthesized Si nanocrystals in SiO2; promotor: Prof. dr. A. Polman

1999: T.L. Sonnemans (category 1) Thermal He(23S)-atom scattering from a Cu(100) surface; promotor: Prof. dr. A. Niehaus co-promotors: Dr. P. van der Straten, dr. P.A. Zeijlmans van Emmichoven

1999: S.J. Roosendaal (category 1) Passivation mechanisms in the initial oxidation or iron by oxygen and water vapor; promotor: Prof. dr. F.H.P.M. Habraken co-promotor: Dr. A.M. Vredenberg

2000: E.M.B. Heller (category 1) Hydrogen storage in coated FeTi thin films; promotors: Prof. dr. D.O. Boerma, prof. dr. F.H.P.M. Habraken co-promotor: Dr. A.M. Vredenberg

2000: P.G. Kik (category 2) Energy transfer in erbium doped optical wavesguides based on silicon; promotor: Prof. dr. A. Polman

2000: L.H. Slooff (category 2) Rare-earth doped polymer waveguides and light emitting diodes; promotor: Prof. dr. A. Polman

2000: F.J. Salzedas (category 2) Disruptive instability in Tokamak plasmas; promotor: Prof. dr. F.C. Schüller

Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 3 : Surfaces, Interfaces and Devices Program Leader : Prof. dr. F.H.P.M. Habraken

2001: A.M. Brockhoff (category 1) Hydrogen-related modifications of amorphous silicon and silicon nitride; promotors: Prof. dr. F.H.P.M. Habraken Prof. dr. W.F. van der Weg

2001: H.R. Kerp (category 1) Exciton and charge carrier dynamics in molecular semiconductors; promotor: Prof. dr. F.H.P.M. Habraken co-promotor: Dr. E.E. van Faassen

2001: A.Y. Kok (category 1) Internal and kinetic energy dependence of ion-fragmentation and ion molecule reactions; promotor: Prof. dr. A. Niehaus co-promotor: Dr. P.A. Zeijlmans van Emmichoven

2001: C. Strohhöfer (category 2) Optical properties of ion beam modified waveguide materials doped with erbium and silver; promotor: Prof. dr. A. Polman

2002: A.C.W Biebericher (category 1) Deposition Techniques of Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon using Modulated Radio- Frequency Plasmas; promotor: Prof. dr. W.F. van der Weg co-promotor: Dr. W.J. Goedheer.

2002: B. Stannowski (category 1) Silicon-based Thin-film Transistors with a High Stability; promotors: Prof. dr. R.E.I. Schropp Prof. dr. W.F. van der Weg.

2002 : T.T. Nuver (category 1) Sputtering of high-energy Cu ions by bombardment of a Cu surface with keV noble gas ions; promotors: Prof. dr. A. Niehaus, prof. dr. H. Rudolph, co-promotor: Dr. P.A. Zeijlmans van Emmichoven.

2002: J.J. van Hapert (category 1) Hopping Conduction and Chemical Structure; promotors: Prof. dr. F.H.P.M. Habraken co-promotors: Dr. E.E. van Faassen Dr. A.M. Vredenberg

2002: P.A.T.T. van Veenendaal (category 1) Utrecht, Hot-Wire Chemical Vapor Deposition of Polycrystalline Silicon. From gas molecule to solar cell; pomotor: Prof. dr. R.E.I. Schropp co-promotor: Dr. J.K. Rath.

Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 3 : Surfaces, Interfaces and Devices Program Leader : Prof. dr. F.H.P.M. Habraken

2002: M.J.A. de Dood (category 1) Silicon photonic crystals and spontaneous emission promotor: Prof. dr. A. Polman

3. Numerical Overview of the results

Table 5 Program results: output numbers ‘96 ‘97 ‘98 ‘99 ‘00 ‘01 ‘02 Total 1. Academic a. In refereed 28 31 28 30 19 26 44 2* 206 publications Journals b. other 2 4 6 publications Total 28 31 28 30 19 28 48 212

2. PhD theses 6 4 9 2 4 4 6 35 3. Patents 2 2 1 2 7

*Submitted and not yet published as of 31 December 2002

4. Full list of publications (1996-2002) 1996 (refereed) Acco, S., D.L. Williamson, P.A. Stolk, F.W. Saris, M.J. van den Boogaard, W.C. Sinke, W.F. van der Weg, S. Roorda, P.C. Zalm, Hydrogen solubility in amorphous silicon, Phys. Rev. B, 53, 8 (1996) 4415-4427.

Arnold Bik, W.M., W. Wolfswinkel, D.K. Inia, V.C.G. Verleun, S. Lobner - A high resolution magnetic spectrograph for ion beam analysis - Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research B 118 (1996) 566-572.

Bayley, P.A., J.M. Marshal, C. Main, D.P. Webb, R.A.C.M.M. van Swaaij, J. Bezemer, Determination of the density of states in amorphous silicon-carbon alloys using a Fourier transformation of transient photocurrent data, Journ. Of Non-Crystalline Solids, 198-200 (1996) 161-164.

Bolt, P.H., F.H.P.M. Habraken, J.W. Geus - The effect of steam treatment on MeO/Al2O3 model catalysts (Me = Ni, Co, Cu, Fe) - Catalysis Letters 39 (1996) 233.

Bolt, P.H., F.H.P.M. Habraken, J.W. Geus - The influence of an intermediate MoO3 layer on the solid state reaction of cobalt oxide with (-Al2O3 - Catalysis Letters 36 (1996) 183.

Daey Ouwens, J., R.E.I. Schropp, Hydrogen microstructure in hydrogenated amorphous silicon, Phys. Rev. B, 54, 24 (1996) 759-762.

Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 3 : Surfaces, Interfaces and Devices Program Leader : Prof. dr. F.H.P.M. Habraken

Dijk, K. van, H.G. Schaeken, C.H.M. Marée, J. Verhoeven, J.C.G. Wolke, F.H.P.M. Habraken, J.A. Jansen - Influence of Ar pressure on r.f. magnetron-sputtered Ca5(PO4)3OH layers - Surface and Coatings Technology, 76 (1996) 206-210..

Eliat, A., B. Yan, G.J. Adriaenssens, J. Bezemer, Time-of-flight and post-transit spectroscopy of a-Si1-xCx:H alloys, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 198-200 (1996) 592- 595.

Hoogesteger, F.J., J.M. Kroon, L.W. Jenneskens, E.J.R. Sudholter, T.J.M. de Bruin, J.W. Zwikker, E. ten Grotenhuis, C.H.M. Marée, N. Veldman - Langmuir-Blodgett Mono- and Multilayers of Rodlike Oligo(cyclohexylidene) Derivatives bearing an Oxime Headgroup, Langmuir: the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids 12 (1996) 20, 4760-4767.

Inia, D.K., F.W.J. Feiner, W.M. Arnold Bik, A.M. Vredenberg, D.O. Boerma - Nitrogen diffusion and nitride formation during and after implantation in Ni/Fe bilayers - Surface and Coatings Technology 83 (1996) 65-69.

Leguijt, C., P. Lölgen, J.A. Eikelboom, A.W. Weeber, F.M. Schuurmans, W.C. Sinke, P.F.A. Alkemade, P.M. Sarro, C.H.M. Marée - Low temperature surface passivation for silicon solar cells - Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 40 (1996) 4, 297-346..

Marcus, M., D. Jacobson, A.M. Vredenberg, G. Lamble - Concentration and annealing effects on photoluminescence and local structure of Er-implanted silica - J. Non-Cryst. Sol. 195 (1996) 232.

Marée, C.H.M., A. Kleinpenning, A.M. Vredenberg, F.H.P.M. Habraken - Ion beam analysis of electropolymerized porphyrin layers - Nucl. Instr. & Meth. in Physics Research B 118 (1996) 301-306.

Marée, C.H.M., S.J. Roosendaal, T.J. Savenije, R.E.I. Schropp, T.J. Schaafsma, F.H.P.M. Habraken - Photovoltaic effects in porphyrin polymer films and heterojunctions - J. Appl. Phys. 80 (6) (1996) 3381-3389.

Marée, C.H.M., A.M. Vredenberg, F.H.P.M. Habraken - Mechanism of MeV ion induced hydrogen depletion from organic layers - Mat. Chem. and Phys., 46, 2-3 (1996) 198-208.

Marée, C.H.M., T.J. Savenije, T.J. Schaafsma, F.H.P.M. Habraken - Ion beam studies of porphyrin adsorption on and leaching of soda lime glass - Appl. Surface Science 93 (1996) 291-299.

Meiling, H., W.G.J.H.M. van Sark, J. Bezemer, W.F. van der Weg, Deposition-rate reduction through improper substrate-to-electrode attachment in very-high-frequency deposition of a-Si:H, J. Appl. Phys., 80, 6 (1996) 3546-3551.

Meiling, H., R.E.I. Schropp, Stability of hot-wire deposited amorphous-silicon thin-film transistors, Appl. Phys. Lett. 69, 8 (1996) 1062-1064.

Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 3 : Surfaces, Interfaces and Devices Program Leader : Prof. dr. F.H.P.M. Habraken

Paloura, E.C., Ch. Lioutas, N. Vouroutzis, W.M. Arnold Bik, F.H.P.M. Habraken, Y. Kuo - Microstructure modifications induced by bonded hydrogen in N-rich SiNx:H films - J. Appl. Phys. 80 (1996) 10.

Sark, W.G.J.H.M. van, H. Meiling, J. Bezemer, M.B. von der Linden, R.E.I. Schropp, W.F. van der Weg, Inhomogeneities in PECVD deposited a-Si:H films induced by a spacing between substrate and substrate holder, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells (1996).

Schlatmann, A., A. Keppel, Y. Xue, J. Verhoeven, C.H.M. Marée, F.H.P.M. Habraken - Enhanced x-ray optical contrast of Mo/Si multilayers by H implantation of Si - J. Appl. Phys. 80 (4) (1996) 2121-2126.

Shin, Jung H., R. Serna, G.N. van den Hoven, A. Polman, W.G.J.H.M. van Sark, A.M. Vredenberg - Luminescence quenching in erbium-doped hydrogenated amorphous silicon - Appl. Phys. Lett. 68 (1) 46-48.

Spierings, G. I.F. Urazgil’din, P.a. Zeijlmans van Emmichoven, A. Niehaus, Kinetic electron emission in keV ion-surface collisions, Nucl. Instr. Meth. B 115 (1996) 220.

Struyf, C. van der, P. Pelupessy, E.E. van Faassen, G. van Ginkel - Rotational motion of Ca- ATPase monitored by electron spin echoes - J. Mag. Reson. B111 (1996) 158.

Uiterwaal, C.J.G.J., J. van der Weg, P.A. Zeijlmans van Emmichoven, J. van Eck, A. + Niehaus, Atomic rearrangement and charge exchange in collisions of Ar (J=3/2, ½) with H2 measured with a new PEPICO apparatus, Chemical Physics 209 (1996) 195

Vanmaekelbergh, D., J. van de Lagemaat, R.E.I. Schropp, Observations and explanation of quantum efficiencies exceeding unity in amorphous silicon solar cells, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 41/42 (1996) 537-542.

Wijk, R. van, P.C. Görts, C.H.M. Marée, O.L.J. Gijzeman, F.H.P.M. Habraken, J.W. Geus - The oxidation of Cu particles supported on oxidized Si(100) as studied by nuclear reaction analysis and ellipsometry - Appl. Surf. Science 99 (1996) 127.

Wijk, R. van, P.C. Görts, C.H.M. Marée, O.L.J. Gijzeman, F.H.P.M. Habraken, J.W. Geus - 18O-exchange with the substrate during 18O oxidation of Cu particles supported on 16O- oxidised Si(100) - Appl. Surf. Sci. 99 (1996) 197.

1997 (refereed) Acco, S., W. Beyer, E.E. van Faassen, W.F. van der Weg, Effects of the defect structure on hydrogen transport in amorphous silicon, J. Appl. Phys. 82, (1997) 2862

Alkemade, P.F.A., Z.X. Jiang, C. Visser, S. Radelaar, W.M. Arnold Bik, Ultra-high depth resolution SIMS with sub-keV grazing beams, J. Vac. Sci Technol. B (1997).

Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 3 : Surfaces, Interfaces and Devices Program Leader : Prof. dr. F.H.P.M. Habraken

Barbon, A., A. Marsman, G. Romanut, E.E. van Faassen, L. Jenneskens, Confirmation of syn- anti isomerism of 2,5-dimethoxydicyanoquinonediimine radical anions in solution, Chem. Phys. Lett. 272 (1997) 250.

Boerma, D.O., W.M. Arnold Bik, N.M. Kabachnik, V.A. Khodyrev, Charge-state distribution in collisions of 3 MeV C2+ions with Ag atoms, Nucl. Instr. Methods Phys. Res. B, 122 (1997) 181

Boerma, D.O., W.M. Arnold Bik, W. Wolfswinkel, Use of an ultra-high resolution magnetic spectrograph for materials research, Mater. Sci. Forum (1997).

Cleef, M.W.M., J.K. Rath, F.A. Rubinelli, C.H.M. van der Werf, R.E.I. Schropp, W.F. van der Weg, Performance of heterojunction p+ microcrystalline silicon n crystalline silicon solar cells, J. Appl. Phys. 82 (12) (1997) 6089-6095.

Dijk, K. van, J. Verhoeven, C.H.M. Marée, F.H.P.M. Habraken, J.A. Jansen, Study of the influence of oxygen on the composition of thin films obtained by r.f. sputtering from a Ca5(PO4)3OH target, Thin Solid Films 304 (1997) 191.

Feenstra, K.F., C.H.M. van der Werf, E.C. Molenbroek, R.E.I. Schropp, Deposition of device quality amorphous silicon by hot-wire CVD, Materials Research Society Symp. Proc. 467 (1997) 645-650 .

Görts, P.C., A.M. Vredenberg, F.H.P.M. Habraken, Ellipsometry and high-energy ion scattering study of the reduction of thin oxide layers on Co(1010), Surface Science 370 (2-3) (1997) 207.

Graat, P.C.J., Somers, M.A.J., A.M. Vredenberg, E.J. Mittemeyer, On the initial oxidation of iron: Quantification of growth kinetics by the coupled-currents approach, J. Appl. Physics, 82 (3) (1997) 1416-1422.

Hamers, E.A.G., J. Bezemer, H. Meiling, W.G.J.H.M. van Sark, W.F. van der Weg, Ion bombardment in silane VHF deposition plasmas, Materials Research Society Symp. Proc. 467 (1997) 603-608.

Harryvan, D., E.E. van Faassen, Motional Spin Relaxation in Photo excited Triplet States, Nukleonika 42 (1997) 595.

Inia, D.K., M.H. Pröpper, W.M. Arnold Bik, A.M. Vredenberg, D.O. Boerma, Low- temperature nitriding of iron through a thin nickel layer, Appl. Phys. Lett. 70 (10) (1997) 1245- 1247.

Kooij, E.A., M. Hamoumi, J.J. Kelly, R.E.I. Schropp, Photoselective metal deposition on amorphous silicon p-i-n solar cells, J. Electrochem. Soc. 144, 10 (1997) 271-272.

Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 3 : Surfaces, Interfaces and Devices Program Leader : Prof. dr. F.H.P.M. Habraken

Meiling, H. R.E.I. Schropp, Stable amorphous-silicon thin-film transistors, Appl. Phys. Lett. 70 (20) (1997) 2681.

Meiling, H., J. Bezemer, R.E.I. Schropp, W.F. van der Weg, High deposition rate a-Si:H through VHF-CVD of argon-diluted silane, Materials Research Society Symp. Proc. 467 (1997) 459-470.

Meyer, F.W., Q. Yan, P.A. Zeijlmans van Emmichoven, I.G. Hughes, G. Spierings, On the neutralization of singly and multicharged projectiles during grazing interactions with LiF(100), Nucl. Instr. Meth. B 125 (1997) 138.

Molenbroek, E.C., C.H.M. van der Werf, K.F. Feenstra, F. Rubinelli, R.E.I. Schropp, Space- charge-limited currents in n-i-n devices incorporating glow-discharge and hot-wire deposited a-Si:H, Materials Research Society Symp. Proc. 467 (1997) 717-722.

Nienhuis, G.J., W.J. Goedheer, E.A.G. Hamers, W.G.J.H.M. van Sark, J. Bezemer, , J. Appl. Phys. 82 (5) (1997) 2060-2071 A self consistent fluid model for radio-frequency discharges in SiH4-H2 compared to experiments.

Rath, J.K., H. Meiling, R.E.I. Schropp, Low-temperature deposition of polycrystalline silicon thin films by hot-wire CVD, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 48 (1997) 269.

Rath, J.K., H. Meiling, R.E.I. Schropp, Purely intrinsic poly-silicon films for n-i-p solar cells, Jap. J. Appl. Phys. 36 (9) (1997) 5436.

Rath, J.K., K.F. Feenstra, D. Ruff, H. Meiling, R.E.I. Schropp, Purely intrinsic poly-silicon films by hot wire chemical vapor deposition, in Advances in microcrystalline and nanocrystalline semiconductors, Materials Research Society Symp. Proc. 452 (1997) 977.

Rath, J.K., A.J.M.M. van Zutphen, H. Meiling, R.E.I. Schropp, Application of hot-wire deposited intrinsic poly-silicon films in n-i-p cells and TFTs, Materials Research Society Symp. Proc. 467 (1997) 445-450.

Sark, W.G.J.H.M. van, H. Meiling, E.A.G. Hamers, J. Bezemer, W.F. van der Weg, Sheath thickness in very-high-frequency plasma CVD of hydrogenated amorphous silicon, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A15 (3) (1997) 654.

Sark, W.G.J.H.M. van, H. Meiling, J. Bezemer, M.B. von der Linden, R.E.I. Schropp, W.F. van der Weg, Inhomogenities in PECVD deposited a-Si:H films induced by a spacing between substrate and substrate holder, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 45, (1997) 57.

Schropp, R.E.I., K.F. Feenstra, E.C. Molenbroek, H. Meiling, J.K. Rath, Device-quality polycrystalline and amorphous silicon films by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition, Philos. Mag. B 76 (3) (1997) 309-321.

Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 3 : Surfaces, Interfaces and Devices Program Leader : Prof. dr. F.H.P.M. Habraken

Shur, M.S., H.C. Slade, T. Ytterdal, L. Wang, Z. Xu, K. Aflatooni, Y. Byun, Y. Chen, M., Frogatt, A. Krishnan, P. Mei, H. Meiling, B.-H. Min, A. Nathan, S. Sherman, M. Stewart, S.D. Theiss, Modeling and scaling of a-Si:H and poly-Si thin film transistors, Materials Research Society Symp. Proc. 467 (1997) 831-842.

Someren, B. van, H. Rudolph, I.F. Urazgil’din, P.A. Zeijlmans van Emmichoven, A. Niehaus, High-energy recoil-ion emission in keV heavy-ion surface collisions, Surf.Sci. 391 (1997) L1194.

Spierings, G., I.F. Urazgil’din, P.A. Zeijlmans van Emmichoven, A. Niehaus, Inelastic processes in keV H+ and He+ scattering from Cu(110), Nucl. Instr. Meth. B 125 (1997) 27.

Stracke, P., F. Wiegershaus, S. Krischol, V. Kempter, P.A. Zeijlmans van Emmichoven, A. Niehaus, F.J. Garcia de Abajo, Electron emission in slow collisions of protons with a LiF- surface, Nucl. Instr.Meth. B 125 (1997) 67

Ullersma, E.H.C., D.K. Inia, F.H.P.M. Habraken, W.G.J.H.M. van Sark, W.F. van der Weg, K.T. Westerduin, A. van Veen, Role of material structure on molecular diffusion of hydrogen in a-Si:C: films, Materials Research Society Symp. Proc. 467 (1997) 135-140.

1998 (refereed) Acco, S. , D.L. Williamson, S. Roorda, W.G.J.H.M. van Sark, A. Polman, Structural defects and hydrogen clustering in amorphous silicon, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 227-230 (1998) 128-132.

Acco, S., D.L. Williamson, W.G.J.H.M. van Sark, W.C. Sinke, W.F. van der Weg, A. Polman, S. Roorda, Nanoclustering of hydrogen in ion-implanted and plasma-grown amorphous silicon, Physical Review B, 58, 19 (1998) 12853-12864.

Arnold Bik, W.M., V.A. Khodyrev, G.A. Iferov, D.O. Boerma, Impact-parameter dependence of energy loss of swift light ions in gold, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. in Phys. Res. B 136-138 (1998) 91-97.

Arnold Bik, W.M., Z.X. Jiang, P.F.A. Alkemade, D.O. Boerma, Ultra-high depth resolution + RBS and SIMS of the modification of a Ge delta in Si during 2 keV O 2 sputtering, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. in Phys. Res. B 136-138 (1998) 540-544.

Bolt, P.H. , F.H.P.M. Habraken, J.W. Geus, Formation of Nickel, Cobalt, Copper and Iron aluminates from α- and γ-Alumina-supported oxides: A comparative study, Journ. of Solid State Chemistry, 135 (1998) 59-69.

Brockhoff, A.M., E.H.C. Ullersma, H. Meiling, F.H.P.M. Habraken, W.F. van der Weg, Structure and hydrogen content of stable hot-wire-deposited amorphous silicon, Appl. Physics Letters 73 (22) (1998) 3244-3246.

Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 3 : Surfaces, Interfaces and Devices Program Leader : Prof. dr. F.H.P.M. Habraken

Cleef, M.W.M. van , F.A. Rubinelli, J.K. Rath, R.E.I. Schropp, W.F. van der Weg, R. Rizzoli, C. Summonte, R. Pinghini, E. Centurioni, R. Galloni, Photocarrier collection in a- SiC:H/c-Si heterojunction solar cells, J. of Non-Crystal. Solids 227-230 (1998) 1291-1294.

Cleef, M.W.M. van , F.A. Rubinelli, R. Rizzoli, R. Pinghini, R.E.I. Schropp, W.F. van der Weg, Amorphous silicon carbide/crystalline silicon heterojunction solar cells: A comprehensive study of the photocarrier collection, Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 37 (1998) 3926-3932.

Cleef, M.W.M., R.E.I. Schropp, F.A. Rubinelli, Significance of tunneling in p+ amorphous silicon carbide n crystalline silicon heterojunction solar cells, Appl. Physics Letters 73 (18) (1998) 2609-2611.

Faassen, E. van , Effects of surface fluctuations in a two-dimensional emulsion, Physica A 255 (1998) 251-268.

Faassen, E.E. van, Dielectric response of a nondegenerate electron gas in semiconductor nanocrystallites, Phys. Rev. B58 (1998) 15729.

Habraken, F.H.P.M. , E.H.C. Ullersma, W.M. Arnold Bik, A.E.T. Kuiper, The role of hydrogen in the formation, reactivity and stability of silicon (oxy)nitride films, Fundamental Aspects of Ultra thin Dielectrics on Si-based Devices, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 411- 424 (1998) (Not refereed).

Hamers, E.A.G. , W.G.J.H.M. van Sark, J. Bezemer, W.J. Goedheer, W.F. van der Weg, On the transmission function of an ion-energy and mass spectrometer, Int. Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Ion Processes 173 (1998) 91-98.

Hamers, E.A.G., W.G.J.H.M. van Sark, J. Bezemer, H. Meiling, W.F. van der Weg, Structural properties of a-Si:H related to ion energy distributions in VHF silane deposition plasmas, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 226 (1998) 205-216.

Inia, D.K., F.D. Tichelaar, W.M. Arnold Bik, A.M. Vredenberg, D.O. Boerma, Nitride formation in iron after nitrogen implantation in a nickel top layer, Journ. of Materials Research, ISSN 0884-2914, 13, (issue 2), 1998, 440-445.

Kerp, H.R., H. Donker, R. Koehorst, T. Schaafsma, E.E. van Faassen, Exciton Transport in Organic Dye Layers for Photovoltaic Applications, Chem. Phys. Letters, 298 (1998) 302- 308.

Meiling, H. , A.M. Brockhoff, J.K. Rath, R.E.I. Schropp, Hydrogenated amorphous and polycrystalline silicon TFTs by hot-wire CVD, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 227-230 (1998) 1202-1206.

Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 3 : Surfaces, Interfaces and Devices Program Leader : Prof. dr. F.H.P.M. Habraken

Niehaus, A., P.A. Zeijlmans van Emmichoven, I.F. Urazgil’din, G. Spierings, B. van Someren, H. Rudolph, Recent studies of ion induced electron emission, Izvestiya Ross. Akad. Nauk., Ser.Fiz., 62, N 4 (1998) 821 (Bull. Russ. Acad. Sci., Phys.Ser. 62, N4 (1998).

Rath, J.K., F.A. Rubinelli, R.E.I. Schropp, Microcrystalline n- and p-layers at the tunnel junction of a-Si:H/a-Si:H tandem cells, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 227-230 (1998) 1282-1286.

Rath, J.K., A. Barbon, R.E.I. Schropp, Limited influence of grain boundary defects in Hot- Wire CVD polysilicon films on solar cell performance, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 227-230 (1998) 1277-1281.

Roosendaal, S.J. , A.M. Vredenberg, F.H.P.M. Habraken, The influence of adsorbed N in the initial stages of oxidation of iron, Surface Science 402-404 (1998) 135-139.

Roosendaal, S.J. , I.A.M.E. Giebels, A.M. Vredenberg, F.H.P.M. Habraken, Determination of photoelectron attenuation lengths in thin oxide films on iron surfaces using quantitative XPS and elastic recoil detection, Surface and Interface Analysis 26, 758-765 (1998).

Ruitenbeek, M. , A. Barbon, E.E. van Faassen, J.W. Geus, Evidence for a new type of vanadyl pairs in (VO)2P2O7: an ESR and magnetization study, Catalysis Letters 54 (1998) 101-104.

Ruitenbeek, M., A. van Dillen, A. Barbon, E.E. van Faassen, D. Koningsberger, J. Geus, The selective oxidation of n-butane to maleic anhydride: Comparison of bulk and supported VPO catalysts, Catal. Lett. 55 (1998) 133-139.

Salafsky, J.S. , W.H. Lubberhuizen, E. van Faassen, R.E.I. Schropp,Charge dynamics following Dye Photoinjection into a TiO2 Nanocrystalline Network, Phys. Chem. B, 102, 5 (1998) 766-769.

Salafsky, J.S. , W.H. Lubberhuizen, R.E.I. Schropp, Photoinduced charge separation and recombination in a conjugated polymer-semiconduct nanocrystal composite, Chem. Physical Letters 290 (1998) 297-303.

Sark, W.G.J.H.M. van , J. Bezemer, W.F. van der Weg, VHF a-Si:H solar cells: A systematic material and cell study, J. Mater. Res., vol. 13 (1998) 45-52.

Wallinga, J. , W.M. Arnold Bik, A.M. Vredenberg, R.E.I. Schropp, W.F. van der Weg, Reduction of Tin Oxide by Hydrogen Radicals, J. Phys. Chem. B 102, (1998) 6219-6224.

Whitlow, H.J. , S.J. Roosendaal, M. El Bouanani, R. Ghetti, P.N. Johnston, B. Jakobsson, R. Hellborg, H. Petersson, P. Omling, Z. Wang, Effects of energy deposition by nuclear scattering in silicon p-I-n diode detectors, Nucl. Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 135 (1998) 523-531.

1999 (refereed)

Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 3 : Surfaces, Interfaces and Devices Program Leader : Prof. dr. F.H.P.M. Habraken

Brands, J. P. van de Geijn, E.E van Faassen, J. Boersma, G. van Koten, Controlled Radical Polymerization of styrene in the present of Lithium Molybdate (IV) complexes and benzylic halides, J. Organomet. Chem. 584 (1999) 246.

Brockhoff, A.M., H. Meiling, F.H.P.M. Habraken, R.E.I. Schropp, Materials of hot-wire deposited silicon TFTs, Proc. of the 4th Symposium on “Thin Film Transistor Technologies”, Electrochemical Society Proc. 98-22 (1999) 288-298.

Feenstra, K.F., P.F.A. Alkemade, E. Algra, R.E.I. Schropp, W.F. van der Weg, Effect of post-deposition treatments on the hydrogenation of hot-wire deposited amorphous silicon films, Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications 7, 5(1999) 341-351.

Feenstra, K.F., R.E.I. Schropp, W.F. van der Weg, Deposition of amorphous silicon films by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition, J. Appl. Phys. 85 9(1999) 6843-6852.

Hagen, H, A. Barbon, E.E. van Faassen, B. Lutz, J. Boersma, A. Spek, G. van Koten, Synthesis and Characterization of O, N-Chelated Vanadium (IV) Oxo Phenolate Complexes: electronic Effects of Meta and Para Substituents on the Vanadium Center, Inorganic Chemistry 38 18(1999) 4079-4096.

Hamers, E.A.G., J. Bezemer, W.F. van der Weg, Positive ions as growth precursors in plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition of hydrogenated amorphous silicon, Appl. Phys. Lett., 75 5 (1999) 609-611.

Heller, E.M.B., J.F. Suyver, A.M. Vredenberg, D.O. Boerma, Oxidation and annealing of thin FeTi layers covered with Pd, Appl. Surf. Science 150 (1999) 227-234.

Inia, D.K., A.M. Vredenberg, F.H.P.M. Habraken, Nitrogen uptake and rate-limiting step in low-temperature nitriding of iron, J. of Appl. Phys. 86 2 (1999) 810-816.

Inia, D.K., A.M. Vredenberg, D.O. Boerma, F.D. Tichelaar, H. Schut, A. van Veen, Microstructural investigation of iron nitride layers formed by low-temperature gaseous nitriding, J. Mater. Res., 14, 6 (1999) 2674-2679.

Kerp, H.R. E.E. van Faassen, Photovoltaic yield from exciton dissociation in organic dye layers, Phys.Chem.Chem.Phys. 1 (1999) 1761-1763.

Kerp, H.R., M.W.M. van Cleef, A.B. Wit, R.E.I. Schropp, R. Galloni, P. Lazzeri, Influence of crucible material and source alloy composition on thermally evaporated indium tin oxide layers, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 17 (2) (1999) 611-614.

Krings, L.H.M., Y. Tamminga, J. van Berkum, F. Labohm, A. van Veen, W. Arnold Bik, Lithium depth profiling in thin electrochromic WO3 films, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 17 (1) (1999) 198-205.

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Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 3 : Surfaces, Interfaces and Devices Program Leader : Prof. dr. F.H.P.M. Habraken

Meiling, H., R.E.I. Schropp, The Inverse Meyer-Neldel rule in thin-film transistors with intrinsic heterogeneous silicon, Appl. Physics Letters, 77 (7) (1999) 1012-1014.

Rath, J.K., F.D. Tichelaar, R.E.I. Schropp, Profiled poly-silicon films by hot-wired CVD for solar cells on cheap metal substrate, Solid State Phenomena, special issue on “Polycrystalline Semiconductors V – Bulk Materials, Thin Films and Devices 67-68 (1999) 465-470.

Rath, J.K., F.D. Tichelaar, R.E.I. Schropp, Microstructural defects of device quality Hot- Wire CVD poly-silicon films, Materials Research Society Symp. Proc. 557 (1999) 573-578.

Roosendaal, S.J., B. van Asselen, J.W. Elsenaar, A.M. Vredenberg, F.H.P.M. Habraken, The oxidation state of Fe(100) after initial oxidation in O2, Surface Science, 442 3 (1999) 329-337.

Salafsky, J.S., Exciton dissociation charge transport, and recombination in ultra thin, conjugated polymer-TiO2 nanocrystal intermixed composites, Phys. Rev. B59 (16) (1999) 10885-10894.

Salafsky, J.S., H. Kerp, R.E.I. Schropp, Microwave photoconductivity, photovoltaic properties, and architecture of polymer-semiconductor nanocrystal composite, Synthetic Metals 102 (1999) 1256-1258.

Schropp, R.E.I., M. Zeman, New developments in Amorphous Thin-Film Silicon Solar Cells, IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, 46 10 (1999) 2086-2092.

Schropp, R.E.I., J.K. Rath, Novel Profiled Thin-Film Polycrystalline Silicon Solar Cells on Stainless Steel Substrates, special issue IEEE Transaction on electron Devices on Progress and Opportunities in Photovoltaic Solar Cells Science & Engineering, IEEE Trans. on Electron Dev., 46 10 (1999) 2069-2071.

Schropp, R.E.I., H. Meiling, The inverted Meyer-Neldel rule in the conductance of nanostructured silidon field-effect devices, Microcrsytalline and Nanocrystalline Semiconductors, ed. by L.T. Canham, M.J. Sailor, K. Tanaka, C.C. Tsai, Materials Research Society Symp. Proc 536 (1999) 281-286.

Schropp, R.E.I., C.H.M. van der Werf, M. Zeman, M.C.M. van de Sanden, S.I.M.A. Spee, E. Middelman, L.V. de Jonge-Meschininova, P.M.G.M. Peters, A.A.M. van der Zijden, M.M. Besselink, R.J. Severens, J. Winkeler, G.J. Jongerden, Novel amorphous silicon solar cell using a Manufacturing Procedure with a temporary superstrate, Materials Research Society Symp. Proc. 557 (1999) 713-718.

Schropp, R.E.I., B. Stannowski, J.K. Rath, Optimization of Interfaces in Thin Film Transistors and Thin film Solar Cells using Hot Wire Chemical Vapor Deposition (invited) in: Precision Science and Technology for Perfect Surfaces, JSPE Publication Series, 3 (1999) 521-530.

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Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 3 : Surfaces, Interfaces and Devices Program Leader : Prof. dr. F.H.P.M. Habraken

Someren, B. van, T.T. Nuver, H. Rudolph, P.A. Zeijlmans van Emmichoven, I.F. Urazgil’din, A. Niehaus, Sputtering of high-energy metal ions in keV heavy-ion surface collisions, Surf. Sci. 423 (1999) 276.

Stannowski, B. H. Meiling, A.M. Brockhoff, R.E.I. Schropp, Thin-Film Transistors based on Hot-Wire Amorphous Silicon on Silicon Nitride, Materials Research Society Symp. Proc. 557 (1999) 659-664.

Ullersma, E.H.C., P. Ullersma, F.H.P.M. Habraken, Hydrogen loss in α-Si:C:H layers induced by MeV ion beam irradiation, Physical Review B 61 (2000) 15.

Vanmaekelbergh, D., J. van de Lagemaat, R.E.I. Schropp, F. Cardon, Thermally enhanced quantum efficiency in p-i-n diodes of hydrogenated amorphous silicon studied by Intensity Modulated Photocurrent Spectroscopy, Phil. Mag B 79 no. 2 (1999) 291-318.

Zeijlmans van Emmichoven, P.A., A. Niehaus, P. Stracke, F. Wiegershaus, S. Krischok, V. Kempter, F.J. Garcia de Abajo, M. Penalba, A. Arnau, Electron promotion in collision of protons with a LiF-surface, Phys. Rev. B 59 (1999) 10950.

Zeman, M., R.A.C.M.M. van Swaaij, M. Zuiddam, J.W. Metselaar, R.E.I. Schropp, Effect of interface roughness on light scattering and optical properties of a-Si:H solar cells, Materials Research Society Symp. Proc. 557 (1999) 725-730.

2000 (refereed) Biebericher, A.C.W., J. Bezemer, W.F. van der Weg, W.J. Goedheer, Deposition rate in modulated radio-frequency silane plasmas, Applied Physics Letters 76, 15 (2000) 2002- 2004.

Breese, M.B.H., D.G. de Kerckhove, P.J.M. Smulders, W.M. Arnold Bik, D.O. Boerma, Bending MeV proton beams in graded composition Si1-xGexSi layers, Nuclear Instr. and Meth. in Phys. Res. 171 (2000) 387-400.

Jun, K.H., J. Daey Ouwens, R.E.I. Schropp, J.Y. Lee, J.H. Choi, H.S. Lee, K.S. Lim, Low degradation and fast annealing effects of amorphous silicon multilayer processed through alternate hydrogen dilution, Journal of Applied Physics 88 8 (2000) 4881-4888.

Kerp, H.R., E.E. van Faassen, Effects of water in phtalocyanine layers, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 63 (1) (2000) 15-21.

Kerp, H.R., E.E. van Faassen, Effects of oxygen on exciton transport in zinc phthalocyanine layers, Chemical Physics Letters 332 (1-2) (2000) 5-12.

Khodyrev, V.A., W.M. Arnold Bik, G.A. Iferov, D.O. Boerma, Study of the higher order corrections to the impact-parameter dependence of energy loss, Nuclear Instr. and Methods in Phys. Res. 164-165 (2000) 191-202.

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Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 3 : Surfaces, Interfaces and Devices Program Leader : Prof. dr. F.H.P.M. Habraken

Lubberhuizen, W.H., D. Vanmaekelbergh, E.E. van Faassen, Recombination of Photogenerated Charge Carriers in Nanoporous Gallium Phosphide, Journal of Porous Materials 7 (2000) 147-152.

Nuver, T.T., H. Rudolph, P.A. Zeijlmans van Emmichoven, A. Niehaus, Preferential ejection of high-energy sputtered Cu atoms in keV atom-Cu (110) collisions, Nucl. Instr. And Meth. B 164-165 (2000) 785.

Pallares, J., R.E.I. Schropp, Role of the buffer layer in the active junction in amorphous- crystalline silicon heterojunction solar cells, Journal of Applied Physics, 88 1 (2000) 293- 299.

Rath, J.K., R.E.I. Schropp, W. Beyer, Hydrogen at compact sites in hot wire chemical vapor deposited polycrystalline silicon films, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 266-269 (2000) 190-194.

Rath, J.K., A. Barbon, R.E.I. Schropp, Clustered defects in hot wire chemical vapor deposited poly-silicon films, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 266-269 (2000) 548-552.

Rath, J.K., F.A. Rubinelli, R.E.I. Schropp, Role of oxidation treatment at the microcrystalline tunnel junction of a-Si:H/a-Si:H tandem cells, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 266-269 (2000) 1129-1133.

Roosendaal, S.J., A.M. Vredenberg andd F.H.P.M. Habraken, Oxidation of iron: the relation between oxidation kinetics and oxide electronic structure, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84 (2000) 3366.

Roosendaal, S.J. , A.M. Vredenberg, F.H.P.M. Habraken, The role of the surface electronic structure in the oxidation of iron, Surface Review and Letters 6 (1999) 229-1236.

Schropp, R.E.I., B. Stannowski, A.M. Brockhoff, P.A.T.T. van Veenendaal, J.K. Rath, Hot wire CVD of heterogeneous and polycrystalline silicon semiconducting thin films for application in thin film transistors and solar cells, Mater. Phys. Mech. 1 (2000) 73-82.

Someren, B. van, P.A. Zeijlmans van Emmichoven, I.F. Urazgil’din, A. Niehaus, Sub threshold plasmon excitation in proton Al(111) collisions, Phys.Rev. A 61 (2000) 32902.

Someren, B. van, P.A. Zeijlmans van Emmichoven, A. Niehaus, Neutralization of He+ ions in front of an aluminum surface, Phys.Rev. A 61 (2000) 22902.

Stannowski, B. A.M. Brockhoff, A. Nascetti, R.E.I. Schropp, Metastability of Hot-Wire amorphous silicon thin-film transistors, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 266-269 (2000) 464-468.

Stroes, E., E.E. van Faassen, P. Martasek, R. Wever, P. Boer, R. Govers. T. Rabelink, Folic acid reverts dysfunction of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, Circ. Res. 86 (2000) 1129.

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Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 3 : Surfaces, Interfaces and Devices Program Leader : Prof. dr. F.H.P.M. Habraken

2001 (refereed) Barbon, A. M. Brustolon, E. van Faassen, E. van Faassen, Photo excited Triplet States in Zinc Phthalocyanine studied by Transient EPR, Phys.Chem.Chem.Phys. 3 (2001) 5342.

Barradas, N.P., M.F. da Silva, J.C. Soares, W.M. Arnold Bik, U. Kreissig, S. Cardoso, P.P. Freitas, High resolution IBA analysis of spin dependent tunnel junctions, Modern Phys. Letters B 15 (2001) 1288.

Biswas, P., Electronic structure and the nature of electronic states in amorphous silicon, Physics Letters A, 282 (2001) 294.

Brockhoff, A.M., W.F. van der Weg, F.H.P.M. Habraken, The effects of hot-wire atomic hydrogen on amorphous silicon, Journal of Applied Physics, 89, 5 (2001) 2993-3000.

Brockhoff, A.M., W.F. van der Weg, F.H.P.M. Habraken, Hot-wire produced atomic hydrogen: effects during and after amorphous-silicon deposition, Thin film Solid Films, 395 1-2 (2001) 87-91.

Groenen, R., J. Löffler, P.M. Sommeling, J.L. Linden, E.A.G. Hamers, R.E.I. Schropp, M.C.M. van de Sanden, Surface textured ZnO films for thin film solar cell applications by expanding thermal plasma CVD, Thin Solid Films 392 (2) (2001) 226-230.

Kerp, H.R., K. Westerduin, A. van Veen, E.E. van Faassen, Quantification and effects of molecular oxygen in zinc phtalocyanine layers, The Journal of Materials Research 16 (2) (2001).

Löffler, J., R. Groenen, P.M. Sommeling, J.L. Linden, M.C.M. van de Sanden, R.E.I. Schropp, Structural, optical and electrical properties of natively textured ZnO:Al grown by PECVD for thin film solar cell applications, Solid State Phenomena, 80-81 (2001) 145.

Löffler, J., R. Groenen, J.L. Linden, M.C.M. van de Sanden, R.E.I. Schropp, Amorphous silicon solar cells on natively textured ZnO grown by PECVD, Thin Solid Films 392 (2) (2001) 315-319.

Nagel, R., C. Alof, A.G. Balogh, W.M. Arnold Bik, D.O. Boerma, Study of magnetic multilayers by RBS with nanometer resolution, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. B 183 (2001) 140-145.

Niehaus, A., P.A. Zeijlmans van Emmichoven, I.F. Urazgil’din, B. van Someren, Electron emission during ion-surface interactions, Nucl. Instr. And Meth. B 182 (2001) 1-7.

Nuver, T.T., L.C. Karssen, H. Rudolph, P.A. Zeijlmans van Emmichoven, A. Niehaus, Preferential ejection of sputtered and reflected atoms in the keV bombardment of Cu(110) with noble gas ions, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. in Physics Research B (NIMB) 179/4 (2001) 503- 514.

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Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 3 : Surfaces, Interfaces and Devices Program Leader : Prof. dr. F.H.P.M. Habraken

Rath, J.K., R.E.I. Schropp, W. Beyer, Hydrogen diffusion through deformed Si-Si bonds at grain boundary in hot-wire cvd polycrystalline silicon films, Solid State Phenomena, 80-81 (2001) 109.

Rath, J.K., B. Stannowski, P.A.T.T. van Veenendaal, M.K. van Veen, R.E.I. Schropp, Application of HWCVD Si:H films in TFTs and solar cells, Thin Solid Films, 395 (2001) 320-329.

Roosendaal, S.J., J.P.R. Bakker, A.M. Vredenberg, F.H.P.M. Habraken, Passivation of iron by oxidation in H2O and O2/H2O mixtures, Surface Science 494 3 (2001) 197-205.

Schropp, R.E.I., Status of Cat-CVD (Hot-wire CVD) research in Europe, Thin Solid Films, 395 (2001) 17-24.

Schropp, R.E.I., P.F.A. Alkemade, J.K. Rath, Hot-Wire CVD Poly-Si films with low impurity Concentration, Special Issue of PVSEC-11, Solar Energy Material and Solar Cells, 65 (1-4) (2001) 541-547.

Stannowski, B., R.E.I. Schropp, Hot-wire amorphous silicon thin-film transistors on glass, Thin Solid Films, 383 (2001) 125-128.

Stannowski, B., J.K. Rath, R.E.I. Schropp, Hot-wire silicon nitride for thin-film transistors, Thin Solid Films, 395 (2001) 339-342.

Tomozeiu, N., J.J. van Hapert, W.M. Arnold Bik, E.E. van Faassen, A.M. Vredenberg, F.H.P.M. Habraken, Analysis of a SiO2/a-Si multilayer structures by ion beam methods and electron spin resonance, J. Optoel. Adv. Mat. 3 (2001) 563-570.

Rubinelli, F.A., J.K. Rath, R.E.I. Schropp, Microcrystalline n-i-p Tunnel Junction in a- Si:H/a-Si:H Tandem Cells, J. Appl. Phys. 89, 7 (2001).

Veenendaal, P.A.T.T. van, O.L.J. Gijzeman, J.K. Rath, R.E.I. Schropp, The Influence of different Catalyzers in Hot Wire CVD for the Deposition of Polycrystalline Silicon Thin films, Thin Solid Films, 395 (2001).

Veenendaal, P.A.T.T. van, J.K. Rath, O.L.J. Gijzeman, R.E.I. Schropp, The influence of the use of different catalyzers in hot wireCVD for the deposition of polycrystalline silicon thin films, Solid State Phenomena 80/81 (2001) 53.

Vink, R.L.C., G.T. Barkema, W.F. van der Weg, N. Mousseau, Fitting the Stillinger-weber potential to amorphous silicon, J. Non-Cryst. Sol 282 (2001) 248-255.

Vink, R.L.C., G.T. Barkema, W.F. van der Weg, Raman spectra and Structure of amorphous silicon, Phys. Rev. B 63 (2001) 115210.

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Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 3 : Surfaces, Interfaces and Devices Program Leader : Prof. dr. F.H.P.M. Habraken

Wallinga, J., D. Nilsson, W.F. van der Weg, R.E.I. Schropp, Light Scattering Coefficients for Textured SnO, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells , 69 (2001) 69-78.

2001 (other publications) Habraken, F.H.P.M., W.M. Arnold Bik, A.M. Brockhoff and E.H.C. Ullersma, Hydrogen related effects in semiconductor layers, Proceedings 2001 International Semiconductor Conference (Sinaia, Romania, 2001), p. 449 .

Tomozeiu, N., W.M. Arnold Bik. A.M. Vredenberg and F.H.P.M. Habraken, Compositional and structural properties of sputter-deposited a-SiOx layers. Proceedings 2001 International Semiconductor Conference (Sinaia, Romania, 2001), p. 221 .

2002 (refereed) Arnold Bik, WM, Tomozeiu N, Habraken FHPM, “Ion beam induced desorption from thin films: SiO2 single layers and SiO2/Si multilayers”, Nucl Instrum Meth B 190: 433-438 May 2002.

Barradas, NP, Da Silva MF, Soares JC, Kreissig U, Arnold Bik WM, Cardoso S, Freitas PP “High resolution IBA analysis of spin dependent tunnel junctions”, Mod Phys Lett B 15 (28- 29): 1288-1296 DEC 20 2001.

Biebericher A.C.W., W. F. van der Weg, W. J. Goedheer, and J. K. Rath, “Mechanism of argon treatment on growing surface in a layer by layer deposition of hydrogenated amorphous silicon.” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 299-302 (2002) 74-78.

Brockhoff, AM, Arnold Bik WM, Habraken FHPM, “Study of the permeability of thin films of a-Si:H using MeV ion beams”, Nucl Instrum Meth B 190: 226-230 May 2002.

Germeau, A, van Faassen E.E., Vanmaekelbergh D, Contactless measurement of short-range electron motion in semiconducting macroporous GaP, Phys Rev B 65 (16): ART. NO. 165331 Apr 15 2002.

Gordijn, A., R. Jimenez Zambrano, J.K. Rath, and R.E.I. Schropp, “Highly Stable Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon Germanium Solar Cells.” IEEE Trans. on Electron Devices 2002. 49 (2002) 949.

Herberg, J. P.A. Fedders, D.J. Leopold, R.E. Norberg, and R.E.I. Schropp, Proton NMR Hole-Bruning in Hot Wire a-Si:H, Materials Research Society Symposia Proceedings 715 (2002) A23.1.

Huisman, A, Vos I, van Faassen EE, et al., “Anti-inflammatory effects of tetrahydrobiopterin on early rejection in renal allografts: modulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase”, FASEB J 16 (7): U185-U207 May 2002.

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Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 3 : Surfaces, Interfaces and Devices Program Leader : Prof. dr. F.H.P.M. Habraken

Jimenez Zambrano, R., J.K. Rath, and R.E.I. Schropp, Improvement in the spectral response at long wavelength of a-SiGe:H solar cells by exponential band gap design of the i-layer, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 299-302 (2002) 1131-1135.

Jimenez Zambrano, R., F.A. Rubinelli, W.M. Arnold Bik, J.K. Rath, and R.E.I. Schropp, Modeling of the Band Gap Profile in the Intrinsic Layer of the a-SiGe:H Material: Application in Solar Cells, Materials Research Society Symposia Proceedings 715 (2002) A6.9.

Jun, K.H., J.K. Rath, and R.E.I. Schropp, Enhanced light absorption and photosensitivity in amorphous silicon germanium/amorphous silicon multilayer, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 74 (1-4) (2002) 357-363.

Klimovsky, E., J. K. Rath, R. E. I. Schropp, Francisco. A. Rubinelli, Errors introduced in a- Si:H based solar cells modeling when dangling bonds are approximated by decoupled states, Thin Solid Films 422 (1/2) (2002) 211-219.

+ Kok, A.Y., P.A. Zeijlmans van Emmichoven, A. Niehaus, Reactions between CH4 and C2H5OH, International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 12183 (2002) 1.

Matulevich, Y.T., T.J. Vink, P.A. Zeijlmans van Emmichoven, Low-energy ion-induced electron emission from a MgO(100) thin film: the role of the MgO-substrate interface, Phys. Rev. Letters 89 (2002) 167601.

Matulevich, Y.T., T.J. Vink, L.F. Feiner, P.A. Zeijlmans van Emmichoven, Electron emission during collisions of low-energy ions with MgO(110), Nucl. Instrum. and Methods in Physics Research B 193 (2002) 632.

Mesu J, Baute D, Tromp H, van Faassen EE, Weckhuysen B, “Synthesis and characterization of zeolite encaged enzyme-mimetic copper histidine complexes” Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis 143 (2002) 287.

Rath, J.K., Micro-/poly-crystalline silicon materials for thin film photovoltaic devices: Deposition processes and growth mechanisms, Invited Lecture Series, NATO SCIENCE SERIES VOLUME: Photovoltaic and Photoactive Materials - Properties, Technology and Applications, p157-170 (2002), KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS, The Netherlands.

Rath, J.K., Micro-/poly-crystalline silicon materials for thin film photovoltaic devices: Physical properties. Invited Lecture Series, NATO SCIENCE SERIES VOLUME: Photovoltaic and Photoactive Materials - Properties, Technology and Applications, p171- 182 (2002), KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS, The Netherlands.

Rath, J.K., Micro-/poly-crystalline silicon materials for thin film photovoltaic devices: Application in solar cells, Invited Lecture Series, NATO SCIENCE SERIES VOLUME: Photovoltaic and Photoactive Materials - Properties, Technology and Applications, p183- 296 (2002), KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS, The Netherlands.

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Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 3 : Surfaces, Interfaces and Devices Program Leader : Prof. dr. F.H.P.M. Habraken

Rath, J.K., F.D. Tichelaar, and R.E.I. Schropp, Heterogeneous growth of microcrystalline silicon germanium, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 74 (1-4) (2002) 553-560.

Rath J.K., and R.E.I. Schropp, Effect of Deuterium on the growth process of poly-silicon film by hot-wire deposition, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 299-302 (2002) 20-24.

Rath, J.K., A.C.W. Biebericher, R. Jimenez Zambrano, R.E.I. Schropp, W.F. van der Weg, W.J. Goedheer, Hydrogenated amorphous silicon with high growth rate, gas utilisation, and homogeneous deposition by amplitude modulated VHF-PECVD for solar cell application, Materials Research Society Symposia Proceedings 715 (2002) A6.6.

Rooyakkers, T.M, Stroes ESG, Kooistra MP, van Faassen E. et al., Ferric saccharate induces oxygen radical stress and endothelial dysfunction in vivo, Eur J Clin Iinvest 32: 9-16 Suppl. 1 Mar 2002.

Rubinelli, F.A., R. Jimenez Zambrano, J.K. Rath, and R.E.I. Schropp, Using computer modeling analysis in single junction a-SiGe:H p-i-n solar cells, J. Appl. Phys. 91 (4) (2002) 2409-2416.

Savenije, T.J., P.A.T.T. van Veenendaal, M.P. de Haas, J.M. Warman, J.K. Rath, and R.E.I. Schropp, Spatially resolved photoconductive properties of profiled polycrystalline silicon thin films, J. of Appl. Phys. 91 (9) (2002) 5671-5676.

Schropp, R.E.I., Advances in Solar Cells made with Hot Wire CVD: Superior Films and Devices at Low Equipment Cost, Thin Solid Films 403-404 (2002) 17-25.

Schropp R.E.I., B. Stannowski, and J.K. Rath, New Challenges in TFT Research, J. Non- Cryst. Solids 299-302 (2002) 1304-1310.

Schropp, R.E.I., J.K. Rath, and B. Stannowski, Hot wire deposited materials for thin film transistors, (INVITED), Journal Informacije MIDEM 31, 4 (2001) 220-227.

Schropp, R.E.I., Y. Xu, E. Iwaniczko, G.A. Zaharias, and A.H. Mahan, Microcrystalline silicon for solar cells at high deposition rates by Hot Wire CVD, Materials Research Society Symposia Proceedings 715 (2002) A26.3.

Schropp, R.E.I., Chemical Vapor Deposition of Silicon Thin Films, Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science (COSSMS) Vol. 6/5 (2002) 432-424.

Soppe, W.J., W. M. M. Kessels, M. C. M. van de Sanden, W. M. Anoldbik, H. Schlemm, C. Devilee, H. Rieffe, S. E. A. Schiermeier, J. H. Bultman, Aand A. W. Stannowski, B., R.E.I. Schropp, R.B. Wehrspohn, and M.J. Powell, Amorphous silicon Thin Film Transistors deposited by VHF-PECVD and Hot-Wire CVD, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 299-302 (2002) 1340- 1344.

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Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 3 : Surfaces, Interfaces and Devices Program Leader : Prof. dr. F.H.P.M. Habraken

Stroes E, Rabelink T, and van Faassen EE, “Uncoupling of endothelial nitric oxide synthase: A molecular basis for atherosclerosis”, Ch. 3 in ‘Vascular protection: Molecular Mechanisms, novel therapeutic principles and clinical applications’, eds. G. Rubanyi, V, Dzau and J. Cooke, Taylor and Francis 2002.

Tomozeiu, N, van Hapert JJ, van Faassen EE, Arnold Bik W, Vredenberg AM, Habraken FHPM, “ Structural properties of a-SiOx layers deposited by reactive sputtering technique”, J Optoelectron Adv M 4 (3): 513-521 Sep 2002 .

Tomozeiu N, van Faassen EE, Arnold Bik W, Vredenberg AM, Habraken FHPM “Structure of sputtered silicon suboxide single- and multilayers” Thin Solid Films 420 (2002) 382-385.

Tomozeiu, N., On the sputtering deposition process of silicon suboxide thin films, J. Opto- elect. and Adv. Materials 4 (4), (2002) 959-964.

Veen, M.K., van and R.E.I. Schropp, Amorphous silicon deposited by Hot-Wire CVD for the application in dual junction solar cells, Thin Solid Films 403-404 (2002) 135-138.

Veen, M.K., van P.A.T.T. van Veenendaal, C.H.M. van der Werf, J.K. Rath, and R.E.I. Schropp, a-Si/poly-Si:H tandem cells deposited by HWCVD, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 299-302 (2002) 1194-1197.

Veenendaal, P.A.T.T. van, T.J. Savenije, J.K. Rath, and R.E.I. Schropp, Microwave mobility in profiled poly-Si thin films deposited on glass by Hot Wire CVD, Thin Solid Films 403-404 (2002) 175-178.

Veenendaal, P.A.T.T., van C.M.H. van der Werf, J.K. Rath, and R.E.I. Schropp, Influence of grain environment on open circuit voltage of Hot-Wire Chemical Vapour Deposited Si:H Solar Cells, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 299-302 (2002) 1184-1188.

Veenendaal, P.A.T.T. van, and R.E.I. Schropp, Processes in Silicon Deposition by Hot-Wire Chemical Vapor Deposition, Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science (COSSMS) Vol. 6/5 (2002) 465-470.

Weeber, On combining surface and bulk passivation of SiN:H layers for mc-Si solar cells, in Proceedings 29 IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, New Orleans, U.S.A., 2002.

Wells, J.-P. R., R.E.I. Schropp, L.F.G. van der Meer, J.I. Dijkhuis, Ultrafast vibrational dynamics and stability of deuterated amorphous silicon, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 (12) (2002) 125504-125506.

Zaharias, G.A., A.H. Mahan, R.E.I. Schropp, Y. Xu, D.L. Williamson, M.M. Al-Jassim, M.J. Romero, and L.M. Gedvilas, The Use of Seed Layers in Hot Wire Chemical Vapor Deposition of Microcrystalline Silicon Films, Materials Research Society Symposia Proceedings 715 (2002) A16.5.

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Zeijlmans van Emmichoven, P.A., B. van Someren, I.F. Urazgil’din, A. Niehaus, Kinetic electron emission during scattering of keV H+ and He+ ions from a Cu(110) surface, Izvestiya Akademii Nauk Seriya Fizicheskaya 66 (2002) 562.

2002 (submitted to a refereed journal and not yet published as of 31 December 2002) Arnold Bik, W.M., N. Tomozeiu and F.H.P.M. Habraken, Electronis sputtering of thin SiO2 films by MeV heavy ions, accepted by Nucl. Instr. & Methods B.

Rath, J.K., Low temperature polycrystalline silicon: a review on deposition, physical property and solar cell application, (invited review article) Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells.

2002 (other publications) Franken, R., A. Gordijn, W. Goedheer, J.K. Rath, Plasma emissie van PECVD, het gebied rondom de verandering van a-Si naar µ-Si dunne films, NEVAC blad 40 (3) (2002) 63-67

Hong, J., W. M. M. Kessels, F. J. H. van Assche, W. M. Arnold Bik, H. C. Rieffe, W. J. Soppe, A. W. Weeber, and M. C. M. Van De Sanden, High-rate (> 1 nm/s) plasma deposited a-SiN:H films for mc-Si solar cell application, in Proceedings 29 IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, New Orleans, U.S.A., 2002.

Knoesen, D., N. Tomozeiu, W.M.Arnold Bik and F.H.P.M.Habraken “Selective interaction by ion beams to multilayers of amorphous silicon and silicon oxide”, EXTENDED ABSTRACT ICEM15 CONFERENCE.

Van der Werf, C.H.M., A.J. Hardeman, M.K. van Veen, and R.E.I. Schropp, Investigation of Scaling-up Issues in Hot Wire CVD of Microcrystalline Silicon, manuscript submitted to E- MRS2002 Symposium Proceedings (Spring Meeting, June 18-21, 2002, Strasbourg, France).

Book R.E.I. Schropp and M. Zeman: Amorphous and Microcrystalline Silicon Solar Cells: Modeling, Materials and Device Technology (Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1998)

Patents (all granted) 1. E. van Andel, E. Middelman, R.E.I. Schropp, “Method of manufacturing a photovoltaic foil”, Priority date 26/09/1996; Filing date 24/09/1997.

2. R.E.I. Schropp “Amorphous silicon photovoltaic devices and method of making thereof”, Filing date 18/06/1997; Granted 5/06/2001, under Patent No. US 6,242,687.

3. R.E.I. Schropp, J.S. Salafsky, “Polymer-nanocrystal photo device and method for making the same”, Filing date 11/11/1997.

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4. E. Middelman, R.E.I. Schropp, J.S. Salafsky, “Method for making a photovoltaic cell containing a dye”, Filing date 26/03/1998.

5. H. Meiling, R.E.I. Schropp, “Semiconducting devices and method of making thereof”, Filing date 23/12/1996.

6. E. Middelman, P.M.G.M. Peters, R.E.I. Schropp, “Process for manufacturing a solar cell foil using a temporary substrate”, European Patent Application, Application No. 02075893, Filing date 3 March 2002.

7. G.J. Jongerden, E. Middelman, E. van Andel, R.E.I. Schropp, P.M.G.M. Peters, “Colored solar cell unit”, International Patent Application No. WO 02/21602 A1, Filing date 5 September 2001, Publication date 14 March 2002.

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Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 4 : History and Foundations of Science Program Leader : Prof. dr. D.G.B.J. Dieks

2. Documentation per research program

Title of the program History and Foundations of Science

Program leader Prof. dr. D.G.B.J. Dieks

Starting date of the program Formally this program was established when the Research Institute was created in 2001. However, the research in this program dates back from before 1996.

Research area and mission History of science: history of physics, history of biology, history of chemistry, history of mathematics. Foundations of science: foundations and philosophy of physics, interpretation and foundations of quantum mechanics, statistical physics, space and time; general philosophy of science.

The historical research aims at developing a comprehensive picture of the development of Dutch science, in particular its modernization and professionalization in the 19th and early 20th century. The foundational and philosophical research aims at clarifying the epistemological and ontological significance of modern science; the emphasis is on the analysis of the conceptual foundations of physical theories.

Formal affiliations outside Huizinga Research School the Research Institute

2.1. Leadership The program leader has the overall responsibility for the program, both with respect to the quality and the cohesion of the research and with respect to the budget that is provided by the Faculty. He is responsible for the internal coordination and cooperation within the program, for organizing the human resources and for maintaining and developing the external contacts. This is in close collaboration with the other chair holder. Together with the leaders of the other research programs he discusses the general policies of the Research Institute at regular meetings and makes recommendations to the director. The program leader represents the program in the planning and control session that is organized by the Faculty Board once a year, where the plans and budget request for the coming year are presented. The presentations form the basis for the budget allocations made by the Faculty Board for the subsequent year. See also: Part A, 1.2.

113 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 4 : History and Foundations of Science Program Leader : Prof. dr. D.G.B.J. Dieks

2.2. Strategy and policy In the historical part of the research program of the Utrecht Institute for the History and Foundations of Science (IGG) the aim is to develop a comprehensive picture of science in the Dutch context. Notwithstanding the international character of science, scientific developments may be studied profitably in a national setting: the practice of science in different nations is often clearly marked by specific organizational forms and sometimes by specific styles. Questions concerning the influence of local and national factors upon the development of science are currently at the center of international interest among science historians. It is the strategy of the Utrecht research program to make the most of the specific expertise that is present in the IGG (language, familiarity with local circumstances, archives) in this international context.

The most important specific theme is the modernization and professonalization of Dutch science in the 19th and 20th century. Several new projects have been decided upon within this general theme: A project on “Science and Society in the Netherlands, 1876-1940” has recently started; a related PhD project on Dutch science between the two world wars will start on May 1st, 2003; a project on the history of Dutch science publishing, 1930-1990, sponsored by Elsevier, has started in September 2002. A volume on the history of physics, 1800-1950, is nearing completion. The policy is to intensify collaboration with institutions abroad; an initiative to obtain European support for a joint project on the sciences around 1900, with Jena and Florence, is under way. A long-term research subject is science in the Dutch Republic (about 1600-1800). The aim is to get a better understanding of the complex factors shaping Dutch science, e.g. the rise of scientific journals, the large number of foreign scientists working in the Dutch Republic and the easy reception of new scientific concepts. A project within this program that has started recently is the creation of a Huygens website, aimed at becoming an important international resource for Huygens studies.

The theme and connecting thread of the foundational and philosophical part of the research program is conceptual analysis, especially at the level of fundamental physical theories. This almost immediately implies the main subjects of specific research: the foundations and interpretation of quantum theory, statistical physics and space-time theories. The aim of the Utrecht research program is to be at the forefront of developments in these three areas. The central problems in the interpretation of quantum theory are the measurement problem and the difficulties of giving a realist interpretation to the theory. Accordingly, the program has been focusing on these issues. It has been decided to shift the emphasis here, so as to include quantum field theory. In addition, a new research project addresses recent developments surrounding quantum entanglement (experimental criteria for the entanglement of many- particles states, foundations of quantum information theory---a PhD project on this topic has started in 2002); in view of the growing international attention for this subject it has been decided to strengthen this research further in 2003 and the years thereafter (in collaboration with the research group of Prof. Gill, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, UU). In statistical physics the second law of thermodynamics, and the relation between thermodynamics and statistical physics, have been defined as the main themes of research. The strategy is to widen the subject to include quantum statistical mechanics and to establish links to the foundations of quantum theory and quantum information theory.

114 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 4 : History and Foundations of Science Program Leader : Prof. dr. D.G.B.J. Dieks

A major international conference on the foundations of statistical physics will be organized in Utrecht at the end of 2003 as part of the activities of the ESF Network for Philosophical and Foundational Problems of Modern Physics, which was recently established by the initiative of sister institutions in Budapest and Oxford together with the Utrecht Institute. The status of space and time (flow of time; substantive versus relational theories of space-time) is investigated in the space-time part of the program. This is a traditional subject in the philosophy and foundations of physics, but it has received a new impulse from recent proposals to rehabilitate relational theories of space-time. The research that was already going on has recently been steered into this new direction; a PhD project on this topic has begun at the end of 2002.

The more specific and technical foundational questions often relate to general issues in the philosophy of science. It is the policy of the program to study such general issues from the angle of specific, technical, results. In this vein a systematic analysis of the structuralist approach in the interpretation of scientific theories has been undertaken. Moreover, a new proposal is being elaborated for the philosophical analysis of the notion of “understanding” in physics.

The IGG is the only one of its kind in the Netherlands. As such, it is responsible for the graduate and undergraduate teaching of students from a variety of backgrounds (physics, biology, chemistry, philosophy, humanities). The Institute teaches a Master program in the History and Philosophy of Science (in collaboration with the Philosophy Faculty). Part of the research strategy of the Institute is connected with these teaching obligations: expertise has to be maintained in a diversity of representative fields in the history and philosophy of science.

2.3. Processes in research, internal and external collaboration Most of the research carried out in the Institute is of an individual nature, or is done in a two- persons collaboration (e.g., a PhD student and supervisor). There are regular informal meetings, where members of the Utrecht Institute for the History and Foundations of Science report about their current work. From time to time plenary meetings are organized to discuss general strategic questions. The daily planning of research is in the hands of the senior researchers. The historical research in the program is part of the Huizinga Research School. The Foundations section participates in the European Science Foundation Network for Foundational and Philosophical Problems of Modern Physics. Both supervision and research planning at the micro-level are of a strongly personal and subject-specific nature.

2.4. Academic reputation The University Board singled out the program for the History and Foundations of Science for special consideration and protection (resulting in awarding so-called “pareltjesgeld” funding).

115 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 4 : History and Foundations of Science Program Leader : Prof. dr. D.G.B.J. Dieks

D. Dieks and J. Uffink - Chief editors of “Studies in the History and Philosophy of Modern Physics” (Elsevier) from September 2003. The editorial office and Managing Editor of the journal will be hosted by the Utrecht Institute.

D. Dieks - Invited guest editor of a special issue of the journal Studies in the History and Philosophy of Modern Physics (Cambridge, UK) in 2001. - Member of the Coordinating Committee of the ESF-Network for the Philosophical and Foundational Problems of Modern Physics (since 2002).

A. van Helden - President of the History of Science Society (1998-2000)

F.H. van Lunteren - Professor of the History of Science at the Free University of Amsterdam (0.4 fte) in 2002.

R.P.W. Visser - Professor of the History of Science at Leiden University (0.5 fte) in 2002.

J. Uffink - Member of the Program Committee "XII International Congress of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science" (2003)

2.5. Internal evaluation and analysis, perspectives and expectations for the research program Strengths. The program is one of the relatively few History and Foundations of Science groups in the world and has a considerable role in setting the agenda for the field. The research of both the history and the foundations program tie in well with the international developments in the disciplines, and both branches of the program are well integrated in international networks. The level of research is internationally competitive.

Weaknesses. The permanent University staff is supported by relatively few externally funded post-docs and PhD students. This is due to the fact that the embedding in funding networks is not optimal because of the program’s interdisciplinarity and the circumstance that the program is the only one of its kind in The Netherlands. The permanent staff members are responsible for all teaching in the subject, the amount of which has been increasing considerably. As a result there is the danger of dissipation and insufficient investment into research.

Opportunities. Both in society at large and within the sciences there is substantial interest in the history and philosophy/foundations of science. This provides opportunities for additional financial support, especially in the European context. Recently several external funding contracts have been realized with Elsevier Publishers, the European Community, the KNAW, NWO and FOM, and private funds for small-scale projects. Within physics proper,

116 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 4 : History and Foundations of Science Program Leader : Prof. dr. D.G.B.J. Dieks subjects that once were thought to be of only philosophical interest have been recognized to possess concrete applications, and have moved to the forefront of physical research (EPR- correlations, quantum information theory, quantum computing, cryptography). Engaging in research of the conceptual foundations of these new fields is an opportunity that should be seized. There is a growing international awareness that the history of science is an important instrument for furthering the public understanding of science. This yields new opportunities for the historical branch of the program.

Threats. The diversity of subjects in which expertise has to be maintained, and the relatively small research potential, make the program vulnerable. There is the concrete threat that University support will become insufficient to maintain the level of research.

Analysis. The effort has to be made to increase the proportion of the research that is externally funded. Currently, the possibility of obtaining external funding for the Huygens project (including the web site) is energetically explored. However, a larger scale effort is needed to obtain external funding on the project level.

2.6. External validation The social relevance of the history program derives from its fundamental goal to present science as an integral part of cultural history and to elucidate the role of science in modern society. The Institute already maintains a number of websites that serve this purpose (see http://www.phys.uu.nl/~wwwgrnsl/); a major new Huygens website is being developed. The history of science also provides an - in our view indispensable - tool for the education of responsible and critical future scientists; there is a cooperation here with the Physics Education Department. For example, an Inter-University course on the history of astronomy will be given in 2004. Research in the foundations of physics is of importance not only for physicists and philosophers, but has also consequences for the significance of modern physical theories for our conception of the world. The results of this research are therefore relevant for all those taking a general interest in physics and its philosophy – as has become clear from the success of publications in this area, there is a large interested “lay” audience. Finally, results of conceptual analyses are important for the teaching of physics.

2.7. Researchers and other personnel The Institute has a very active policy of inviting reputed foreign researchers for short-term visits (2-3 days), during which one or two talks are given and current research is discussed. PhD students are encouraged to visit conferences and present their results. The recently approved ESF Foundations-Network, in which the Institute is one of the main “nodes” (together with Oxford and Budapest), is expected to enhance mobility and cooperation within Europe.

During the review period seven dissertations were finished. One of these was written by an “external” PhD student (H.J. Zuidervaart, who did his research in the spare time left by his other

117 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 4 : History and Foundations of Science Program Leader : Prof. dr. D.G.B.J. Dieks professional activities). The six ordinary PhD students needed an average time of 5 years to complete their work. During the review period one student dropped out of the PhD program.

Table 3 History and Foundations of Science Research staff at program level Name and present title ‘96 ‘97 ‘98 ‘99 ‘00 ‘01 ‘02

Full professors D.G.B.J. Dieks 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,6 A. Van Helden 0,25 0,42 Associate professor L.T.G. Theunissen 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,6 J.B.M. Uffink 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,6 R.P.W. Visser 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,6 Assistant professors C. de Pater 0,24 0,24 0,24 0,24 0,24 0,24 0,24 L.C. Palm 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,6 F.H. van Lunteren 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,54 Total tenured staff 3,84 3,84 3,84 3,84 3,84 4,09 4,20

Post-doctoral fellows A. Afriat 0,67 1,00 T.D. Budden 1,00 1,50 H.W. de Regt 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00 F.A. Muller 0,83 1,00 1,00 Part time professor H.J.M. Bos 0,06 0,06 0,06 0,06 0,06 0,06 0,06 Visiting professors J. Anandan 0,20 Th. Porter 0,20 PhD students totaal 3,00 1,85 2,25 2,10 1,69 1,10 1,43 Total non tenured staff 5,06 3,41 3,51 3,36 2,58 2,83 3,49

Total research staff 8,90 7,25 7,35 7,20 6,42 6,91 7,69

Other program members Emeritus professors Prof. dr. C.D. Andriesse Prof. dr. J. Hilgevoord Prof. dr. H.A.M. Snelders

2.8. Resources, funding and facilities The Institute has received external financial support from the European Union (Marie Curie Fellowship), the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research NWO (both from its division “Fundamental Research of Matter” (FOM) and its division “Geestes- wetenschappen”), the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and

118 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 4 : History and Foundations of Science Program Leader : Prof. dr. D.G.B.J. Dieks

Elsevier Publishing Cy. The Institute has been chosen to receive special funding from Utrecht University as a quality center deserving special protection.

The Institutes library collection deserves special mention. The collections of books and journals, both about the history of science and the philosophy/foundations of science, are extensive and function as national resources.

Table 4a History and Foundation of Science Funding at program level in K€ Funding 1996 19971998 1999 2000 2001 2002 97-02 average Direct funding 422 587 570 489 553 730 562 Research funds 27 16 23 24 51 60 62 40 Contracts 0 000230 56 15 Other

Total 458611 594 542 643 849 616 Table 4a: The funding of the program during the evaluation period in k€.

Table 4b History and Foundation of Science Funding at program level in % Funding 1996 19971998 1999 2000 2001 2002 97-02 average Direct funding 96% 96% 96% 90% 86% 86% 91% Research funds 4% 4% 4% 9% 9% 7% 6% Contracts 0%0% 0% 0% 5% 7% 2% Other

Total 100%100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Table 4b: The funding of the program during the evaluation period in %. For an explanation see Research Institute documentation.

2.9. Overview of the results 1. Key publications 1. Dieks, D.G.B.J. and P.E. Vermaas (eds.), The Modal Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1998.

2. Uffink, J.B.M., “Bluff your way in the second law of thermodynamics”, Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 32 (2001) 305-394.

3. Helden, A. van, K. van Berkel, L.C. Palm, ed., The History of Science in the Netherlands: Survey, Themes and Reference, Brill, Leiden, 1999.

4. Theunissen, B., Nut en nog eens nut. Wetenschapsbeelden van Nederlandse natuuronderzoekers 1800-1900, Verloren, Hilversum, 2000.

119 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 4 : History and Foundations of Science Program Leader : Prof. dr. D.G.B.J. Dieks

5. Lunteren, F.H. van, “De oprichting van het Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut: Humboldtiaanse wetenschap, internationale samenwerking en praktisch nut”, Gewina: Tijdschrift voor de geschiedenis der geneeskunde, natuurwetenschappen, wiskunde en techniek 21 (1998) 216-243.

6. Vermaas, P.E., A Philosopher’s Understanding of Quantum Mechanics, Cambridge UP, 1999.

2. Dissertations 1996: D.R. Röell (category 1) De wereld van instinct - Nico Tinbergen en het ontstaan van de ethologie in Nederland (1920-1950) promotor: Prof. dr. H.A.M. Snelders co-promotor: Prof. dr. R.P.W. Visser

1998: F.A. Muller (category 1) Structures for Everyone promotor: Prof. dr. D.G.B.J. Dieks

1998: G.J. Somsen (category 1) Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek en Algemeen Belang – De Chemie van H.R. Kruyt (1882-1959) promotor: Prof. dr. H.A.M. Snelders co-promotor: Prof. dr. R.P.W. Visser

1998: P.E. Vermaas (category 1) Possibilities and impossibilities in modal interpretations of quantum mechanics promotor: Prof. dr. D.G.B.J. Dieks Cambridge University Press published this dissertation in 1999, under the title: A philosopher’s understanding of quantum mechanics

1999: D.E. Hesseling (category 1) Gnomes in the Fog: The Reception of Brouwer’s Intuitionism in the 1920s promotors: Prof. dr. H.J.M. Bos Prof. dr. D. van Dalen

1999: H.J. Zuidervaart (category 1) Van ‘Konstgenoten’ en Hemelse Fenomenen. Nederlandse sterrenkunde in de achttiende eeuw promotor: Prof. dr. H.A.M. Snelders co-promotor: Prof. dr. R.P.W. Visser

2001: J.H. van Lith-van Dis (category 1) Stir in Stillness. A Study in the Foundations of Equilibrium Statistical Mechanics promotor: Prof. dr. D.G.B.J. Dieks co-promotor: Dr. J.B.M. Uffink

120 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 4 : History and Foundations of Science Program Leader : Prof. dr. D.G.B.J. Dieks

3. Numerical Overview of the results Table 5 Program results: output numbers ‘96 ‘97 ‘98 ‘99 ‘00 ‘01 ‘02 Total

1. Academic a. In refereed 13 13 17 15 10 13 19 97 publications Journals b. other 442432 3 22 publications 2. Professional publications 13 16 20 17 12 19 16 112 Total 30 33 39 36 24 34 38 231

2. PhD theses 103201 0 7

4. Full list of publications (1996-2002) 1996 (refereed) Andriesse, C.D., “The melancholic genius”, in Christiaan Huygens, special issue of De zeventiende eeuw. Cultuur in de Nederlanden in interdisciplinair perspectief 12 (1996) 3-13.

Bacciagaluppi, G., Donald, M.J., Vermaas, P.E, "Continuity and Discontinuity of Definite Properties in the Modal Interpretation", Helvetica Physica Acta 68 (1996) 679-704.

Coops, A and Theunissen, B., eds., De eeuw van Thijsse. 100 Jaar natuurbeleving en natuurbescherming (Amsterdam: Heimans en Thijsse Stichting, 1996), 62 pp.

De Pater C., "Mersenne en de valwet van Wendelin", Scientiarum Historia 22 (1996), 15-30.

De Pater, C., "In de schaduw van Newton: het Huygensbeeld bij enkele Nederlandse newtonianen in de achtiende eeuw", special issue of De zeventiende eeuw. Cultuur in de Nederlanden in interdisciplinair perspectief 12 (1996), nr. 1, 64-73.

De Regt, H.W., "Philosophy and the kinetic theory of gases", The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 47 (1996) 31-62.

De Regt, H.W., de, "Review of: P.M. Harman (ed), The Scientific Letters and Papers of James Clerk Maxwell, Volume II", The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 47 (1996).

Hilgevoord, J., “The uncertainty principle for energy and time”, American Journal of Physics 64 (1996) 1451-1456.

Palm, L.C., ed., Alle de Brieven van Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, dl. XIV (1701-1704), (Lisse: Swets & Zeitlinger, 1996) 395 pp.

121 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 4 : History and Foundations of Science Program Leader : Prof. dr. D.G.B.J. Dieks

Palm, L.C., ed., Christiaan Huygens, special issue of De zeventiende eeuw. Cultuur in de Nederlanden in interdisciplinair perspectief 12 (1996), nr. 1, 302 pp.

Theunissen, B., "The beginnings of the `Delft tradition' revisited: Martinus W. Beijerink and the genetics of microorganisms", Journal of the History of Biology 29 (1996) 197-228.

Theunissen, B. and Visser, R.P.W., De wetten van het leven. Historische grondslagen van de biologie 1750-1950 (Baarn: Ambo, 1996) 278 pp.

Van der Schoor, W.J., "De Indische bodem: bodemkunde in de laatste eeuw van Nederlands- Indië”, Actes du 13e Congrès Benelux d'Histoire des Sciences (Luxembourg, 1996) 231-249.

Van Helden, A., “Galileo and Scheiner on Sunspots: A Case Study in the Visual Language of Astronomy”, Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 140 (1996) 357-395

Van Helden, A., “Contrasting Careers in Astronomy: Huygens and Cassini”, De Zeventiende Eeuw 12 (1996) 96-105.

Uffink, J.B.M., "The Constraint Rule of the Maximum Entropy Principle”, Studies in the History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 27 (1996) 47-79.

Vermaas, P., “Unique Transition Probabilities in the Modal Interpretation”, Studies in the History and Philosophy of Modern Physics, 27B (1996) 133-160.

1996 (professional) De Pater, C., "De newtoniaanse kosmos", in Vakantiecursus 1996: Chaos, CWI Syllabus 41 (Amsterdam, 1996) 19-45.

De Regt, H.W., "Is de quantumtheorie begrijpelijk?", in: G. Groot, H.A.F. Oosterling, A.W. Prins (red.), Van Agora tot Markt. Acta van de 18e Nederlands-Vlaamse Filosofiedag (Rotterdam: Erasmus Universiteit, 1996) 95-100.

De Regt, H.W., "De smaak van wetenschap", Filosofie Magazine 5 (1996) 52.

Palm, L.C., "Evert Jacob van Wachendorf: een wereld van planten", in: H. Jamin, ed. Zes keer zestig. 360 Jaar universitaire geschiedenis in zes biografieën (Universiteit Utrecht, 1996), 34-42.

Palm, L.C., "Archives of the Scientific Revolution", in: Gewina. Tijdschrift voor de Geschiedenis der Geneeskunde, Natuurwetenschappen, Wiskunde en Techniek 19 (1996), 194-195.

Palm, L.C., "Van de redactie", Christiaan Huygens, special issue of De zeventiende eeuw. Cultuur in de Nederlanden in interdisciplinair perspectief 12 (1996) 1.

Palm, L.C., Reviwe of : P. Boutibonnes, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, 1632-1723: L'exercise du regard (Paris, 1994), Isis 87 (1996) 728-729.

122 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 4 : History and Foundations of Science Program Leader : Prof. dr. D.G.B.J. Dieks

Snelders, H.A.M., “ Ora et labora, Bid en werk”. Mededelingen van het Provinciaal Utrechts Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen, januari 1996, 9-18.

Snelders, H.A.M., “Genees-, heel- en leerkundig. Herman Boerhaave (1668-1738)”, in Verlichte geesten. Een portrettengalerij voor Piet Buynsters onder redactie van Kees Fens (Amsterdam, 1996) 187-196, 222-223.

Theunissen, B., Review of N. Oudshoorn, Beyond the natural body. An archaeology of sex hormones (Londen en New York, 1994), Gewina 19 (1996) 100-102.

Van Lunteren, F.H., “De geschiedenis van het perpetuum mobile”, in: Pepertuum Mobile (studievereniging Helix).

Visser, R.P.W., "Jan Bleuland (1756-1839), hartstochtelijk verzamelaar", in: H. Jamin ed.: Zes keer zestig. 360 Jaar universitaire geschiedenis in zes biografieën (Universiteit Utrecht, 1996) 46-55.

Visser, R.P.W., "Franciscus Cornelis Donders (1818-1889), stichter van het Ooglijdersgasthuis", in: J. Aalbers et al., eds., Utrechtse biografieën 3. Levensbeschrijvingen van bekende en onbekende Utrechters (Amsterdam/Utrecht, 1996) 40-44.

1997 (refereed) Allart, B., “De sysmograaf in Engeland (1860-1900). Hoe een fysiologisch instrument in de geneeskunde terecht kwam”, Gewina. Tijdschrift voor de Geschiedenis der Geneeskunde, Natuurwetenschappen, Wiskunde en Techniek, 20 (1997) 69-81.

De Regt, H.W., “Erwin Schrödinger, Anschaulichkeit, and quantum theory”, Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 28B (1997) 461-481.

De Regt, H.W., “Are physicists philosophies irrelevant idiosyncrasies?”, Philosophica 59 (1997) 125-151.

Dieks, D.G.B.J., “The Quantum Mechanical Worldpicture and its Popularization”, Communication and Cognition, 29 (1997) 153-168.

Palm, Lodewijk C., samenst., Gids voor de Wetenschapsgeschiedenis 1996, (Leiden: Gewina, 1997), 100 pp.

Snelders, H.A.M, “Jacob Elisa Doornik (1777-1837)”, in: History of Physical Anthropology (New York, Londen, 1997), Vol. I, 351-352.

Snelders, H.A.M, “Zijn vloeibare kristallen levende organismen?”, Gewina. Tijdschrift voor de geschiedenis der geneeskunde, atuurwetenschappen, wiskunde en techniek 20 (1997) 129-142.

Snelders, H.A.M., “Otto von Guericke - Bürgermeister, Diplomat, Naturfoscher”, Monumenta Guerickiana. Zeitschrift der Otto-von-Guericke-Gesellschaft e.V. 1997, Heft 4, 18-28.

123 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 4 : History and Foundations of Science Program Leader : Prof. dr. D.G.B.J. Dieks

Snelders, H.A.M., De geschiedenis van de scheikunde in Nederland. 2. De ontwikkeling van chemie en chemische technologie in de eerste helft van de twintigste eeuw (Delft University Press, Delft, 1997) XII + 259 pp.

Snelders, H.A.M., “Über den Einfluß des Kantianismus und der romantischen Naturphilosophie auf Physik und Chemie in Deutschland zu Beginn des 19. Jahrhunderts”, in Europa in der Frühen Neuzeit. Festschrift für Günter Mühlpfordt. Band 3. Aufbruch zur Moderne. Herausgegeben von Erich Donnert (Weimar, Köln, Wien, 1997), 767-777.

Theunissen, B. (and Hakfoort, C., red.), Newtons God en Mendels bastaarden. Nieuwe visies op de ‘helden van de wetenschap’ (Amsterdam, Meulenhoff/Kritak, 1997) 238 pp.

Theunissen, B, “Ontdekte Mendel de wetten van Mendel?”, in: B. Theunissen and C. Hakfoort (red.), Newtons God en Mendels bastaarden. Nieuwe visies op de ‘helden van de wetenschap' (Amsterdam, Meulenhoff/Kritak, 1997) 99-122.

Theunissen, B., Inleiding en Epiloog, in B. Theunissen and C. Hakfoort (red.), Newtons God en Mendels bastaarden. Nieuwe visies op de ‘helden van de wetenschap’ (Amsterdam, Meulenhoff/Kritak, 1997) 9-16 and 221-226.

Uffink, J.B.M., “Nought but Molecules in Motion”, Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics, 27 (1996) 373-387.

Van Lunteren, F.H., “Newtons God en Newtons gravitatie”, in: Theunissen and Hakfoort (red.) Newtons God en Mendels bastaarden, 39-69.

Vermaas, P.E., "A no-go theorem for joint property ascriptions in modal interpretations of quantum mechanics", Physical Review Letters 78 (1997) 2033-2037.

Visser, R.P.W., “De Eerste Klasse van het Koninklijk Instituut: De natuurwetenschappen tussen nut en geleerdheid”, in: W.P. Gerritsen ed. Het Koninklijk Instituut (1808-1851) en de bevordering van wetenschap en kunst (Amsterdam 1997) pp. 39-60.

1997 (professional) De Pater, C., review of: Klaas van Berkel, Dijksterhuis: een biografie, Refomatorisch dagblad, 25 april 1997.

De Pater, C., review of: J. Christiaan Boudri, “Het mechanische van de mechanica; het krachtbegrip tussen mechanica en metafysica van Newton tot Lagrange”, Gewina. Tijdschrift voor de Geschiedenis der Geneeskunde, Wiskunde, Natuurwetenschappen en Techniek 20 (1997), 149-150.

De Regt, H.W., “Een Schrödinger-revival” , Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Natuurkunde 63 (1997) 281-282.

Dieks, D.G.B.J., “Over de aard der dingen”, Wijsgerig Perspectief 37 (1997) 178-183.

124 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 4 : History and Foundations of Science Program Leader : Prof. dr. D.G.B.J. Dieks

Dieks, D.G.B.J., “Het Natuurkundig Wereldbeeld”, PUG-Magazine, juni 1997.

Dieks, D.G.B.J., “Moeilijke dingen met een Mysterieus Tintje”, Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Natuurkunde 63/12 (1997) 319-320.

Dieks, D.G.B.J., “Geloof en Wetenschap”, Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Natuurkunde 63/1 (1997) 16-17.

Palm, L.C., “Tulp, Nicolaas (1593-1674)”, in: Frank Spencer, ed., History of Physical Anthropology, vol. 2 (New York & London: Garland Publishing, 1997) 1042-1044.

Snelders, H.A.M., “Plichten voor PUG-leden: vroeger en nu”. Mededelingen van het Provinciaal Utrechts Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen oktober 1997, 33-39.

Theunissen, B., “Dubois, Eugène (1858-1940)”, in: Frank Spencer, ed., History of Physical Anthropology, vol. 2 (New York & London: Garland Publishing, 1997) 1042-1044.

Theunissen, B., review of: E.W.A. Henssen, Uit de geschiedenis der Nederlandse geologische wetenschappen (Groningen, 1995), in: Bijdragen en Mededelingen betreffende de Geschiedenis der Nederlanden 112 (1997) 152.

Theunissen, B., review of: N. Jardine, J.A. Secord en E.C. Spary (ed.), Cultures of Natural History (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), Tijdschrift voor Geschiedenis 110 (1997).

Uffink, J.B.M., “Meer kansen in de natuurkunde”, Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Natuurkunde 63 (1997) 210-211.

Van Helden, “Galileo”, Encyclopaedia Brittannica, http://www.brittannica.com/eb/.

Van Lunteren, F.H., review of: Kipnis, Yavelov and Rowlinson, Van der Waals and Molecular Science, in: Gewina. Tijdschrift voor de Geschiedenis van de Geneeskunde, Natuurwetenschappen, Wiskunde en Techniek 20 (1997) 158-159.

Visser, R.P.W., Ideaalbeelden van de Nederlandse Natuurwetenschap (Oratie Rijksuniversiteit Leiden, 1997) 27 pp.

1998 (refereed) De Regt, H.W., “Explaining the splendour of science”, Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 29 (1998) 155-165.

Dieks, D.G.B.J. and Vermaas, P.E. (eds.), The Modal Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1998.

125 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 4 : History and Foundations of Science Program Leader : Prof. dr. D.G.B.J. Dieks

Dieks, D.G.B.J., "Preferred Factorizations and Consistent Property Attribution", pp. 144-160 in: Quantum Measurement, Beyond Paradox, R.A. Healey and G. Hellman (eds.), University of Minnesota Press, 1998.

Dieks, D.G.B.J. and Vermaas, P.E., "Introduction", pp. 1-7 in: The Modal Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics, D. Dieks and P.E. Vermaas (eds.), Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1998.

Dieks, D.G.B.J. "Locality and Lorentz-Covariance in the Modal Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics", pp. 49-67 in: The Modal Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics, D. Dieks and P.E. Vermaas (eds.), Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1998.

Dieks, D.G.B.J. and Regt, H.W. de, "Reduction and Understanding", Foundations of Science 1 (1998) 45-59.

Dieks, D.G.B.J., “L’espace vide et la mécanique quantique”, pp. 186-210 in: Le Vide (édité par E. Gunzig et S. Diner), Éditions Complexe, Bruxelles, 1998.

Hilgevoord, J., “The uncertainty principle for energy and time II” American Journal of Physics 66 (1998) 396-402.

Muller, F.A., “The Equivalence Myth of Quantum Mechanics”, Studies in the History and Philosophy of Physics 28 (1997) 35-61 (part I), 219-247 (part II).

Snelders, H.A.M., “Hegel und der romantischen Physiker J.W. Ritter (1776-1810)”, in: Hegels Jenaer Naturphilosophie. Herausgegeben von Klaus Vieweg (München, 1998), 347-357.

Theunissen, B., and Klomp, H., “A. Lorentz' visie op wetenschap”, Gewina: Tijdschrift voor de geschiedenis der geneeskunde, natuurwetenschappen, wiskunde en techniek 21 (1998) 1-14.

Theunissen, B., “Biologie en Bildung: Jan van der Hoeven”, Gewina: Tijdschrift voor de geschiedenis der geneeskunde, natuurwetenschappen, wiskunde en techniek 21 (1998) 156-174.

Theunissen, B., “The scientific and social context of Hugo de Vries' Mutationstheorie”, Acta Botanica Neerlandica 47 (1998) 475-489.

Theunissen, B., “Journals of the History of Science in the Netherlands” in Marco Beretta e.a. (ed.), Journals and History of Science (1998) pp.197-210.

Van Helden,A., “Introduction”, Galileo Galilei, Sidereus Nuncius, Octavo (CD-Rom edition).

Van Lunteren, F.H., “Natuurkunde en democratie”, Gewina: Tijdschrift voor de geschiedenis der geneeskunde, natuurwetenschappen, wiskunde en techniek 21 (1998) 100-103.

Van Lunteren, F.H., “De oprichting van het Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut: Humboldtiaanse wetenschap, internationale samenwerking en praktisch nut”, Gewina:

126 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 4 : History and Foundations of Science Program Leader : Prof. dr. D.G.B.J. Dieks

Tijdschrift voor de geschiedenis der geneeskunde, natuurwetenschappen, wiskunde en techniek 21 (1998) 216-243.

Visser, R.P.W., “Friedrich Went (1863-1935), botanicus” in S. Haakma ed., Geleerd in Utrecht (Utrecht, 1998), pp. 10-23.

1998 (professional) Allart, B., “De relativiteitstheorie in Nederland”, Bijdragen en Mededelingen betreffende de geschiedenis der Nederlanden 113 (1998) 593-595.

Dieks, D.G.B.J., “Geschiedenis van de Natuurkunde in Perspectief”, Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Natuurkunde 64 (1998) 141-142.

Muller, F.A., “Kat in de zak”, NRC Handelsblad (wetenschapsbijlage), 29 maart 1998.

Muller, F.A., “Incoherentie in Intolerantie”, NRC Handelsblad (wetenschapsbijlage), 19 april 1998.

Muller, F.A., “Wijsbegeerte als dienstmaagd”, NRC Handelsblad (wetenschapsbijlage), 1 november 1998.

Muller, F.A., “Quantum, Escher, Bub”, Amsterdamse Boekengids, 11, november 1998, 25-29.

Palm, L.C., "Van Leeuwenhoek 300 jaar geleden", Natuur & Techniek 66 (april 1998) 22-31.

Palm, L.C., Review of: Marian Fournier, The Fabric of Life: Microscopy in the Seventeenth Century, Isis 89 (1998) 543-544.

Snelders, H.A.M., “1823. De eerste voorzitter (p. 24-25)”; “1837. Een veelzijdig knorrepot (p. 36-37)”; “1858: Een praktisch pionier (p. 64-65)”. In: Een beeld van een academie. Mensen en momenten uit de geschiedenis van het Koninklijk Instituut en de Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen 1808-1998 (Amsterdam, 1998).

Theunissen, B., “Pieter Harting”, Utrechtse biografieën. Het Eemland, dl. 1 (Utrecht 1998) 81- 86.

Theunissen, B., review of: Vítezsalv Orel: Gregor Mendel: the first geneticist, Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences (1998) 205.

Theunissen, B., review of: Marian Schilder en Max Lebouille, De evolutie de baas. Oude en nieuwe visies op soortvorming en evolutie, Gewina: Tijdschrift voor de geschiedenis der geneeskunde, natuurwetenschappen, wiskunde en techniek 21 (1998) 189-190.

Theunissen, B., review of: M.J.S. Rudwick, Georges Cuvier, Fosil Bones and Geological Catastrophes, Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences (1998) 360.

127 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 4 : History and Foundations of Science Program Leader : Prof. dr. D.G.B.J. Dieks

Theunissen, B., review of: Bastiaan Willink, De Tweede Gouden Eeuw, Tijdschrift voor Geschiedenis 111 (1998) 511-512.

Theunissen, B., review of: K. van Berkel, Dijksterhuis, Bijdragen en Mededelingen betreffende de Geschiedenis der Nederlanden (1998) 94-96.

Van Lunteren, F.H., “Natuurkunde, maatschappij en wereldbeeld”, Eindverslag Symposium ‘Tomorrow’s World’ (Eindhoven) 9-15

Van Lunteren, F.H., and Theunissen, B., “Donald Duck-ontdekkingen. Nieuwe schoolboeken bieden leerling mythische karikatuur van wetenschap”, NRC-Handelsblad, Wetenschapsbijlage 12 december 1998.

Visser, R.P.W., “Erwin Schrödinger en de moleculaire biologie”, Impact, februari 1998, p. 6-7.

Visser, R.P.W., “Arische fysica”, Idem, juni 1998, p. 2-4

Visser, R.P.W., “Tropische vissen”, De Gids, jrg. 161 (1998), p. 954-956.

1999 (refereed) De Pater, C., “Leven en werk van Petrus van Musschenbroek”, Erfgoed van Industrie en Techniek 8 (1999), 4-18.

De Regt, H.W., “Ludwig Boltzmann’s Bildtheorie and scientific understanding”, Synthese 119 (1999) 113-134.

Regt, H.W., “Pauli versus Heisenberg: a case study of the heuristic role of philosophy”, Foundations of Science 4 (1999) 405-426.

Dieks, D.G.B.J., “The Bohr-Einstein Photon Box Debate”, in: M.L. Dalla Chiara et al. (eds), Language, Quantum, Music (Kluwer, 1999) 283-292.

Dieks, D.G.B.J., “Experimental Metaphysics”, Stud.Hist.Phil.Mod.Phys. 30 (1999) 555-560.

Dieks, D.G.B.J., “Een goed model?”, TDbeta 16 (1999) 4-11.

Palm, L.C., ed., Alle de Brieven van Antoni van Leeuwenhoek/The Collected Letters of Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, dl. 15 (Lisse, enz.: Swets & Zeitlinger, 1999), xii + 391 blz.

Theunissen, B., “F.C. Donders en de wetenschappelijke bril”, in L.J. Dorsman (red), Beroep op de wetenschap. Utrechtse geleerden tussen universiteit en samenleving 1850-1940 (Utrecht: Matrijs 1999) 65-76.

Theunissen, B., “Pieter Harting: wetenschap voor de natie”, in L.J. Dorsman (red), Beroep op de wetenschap. Utrechtse geleerden tussen universiteit en samenleving 1850-1940 (Utrecht: Matrijs 1999) 53-64.

128 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 4 : History and Foundations of Science Program Leader : Prof. dr. D.G.B.J. Dieks

Theunissen, B., “Mannen van karakter”. Gerrit Jan Mulder over de taak van de universiteit”, Tijdschrift voor Geschiedenis 112 (1999) 47-63.

Theunissen,B., “Nut en genoegen”. Essay review over W.P. Gerritsen ed., Het Koninklijk Instituut (1808-1851) en de bevordering van wetenschap en kunst. Bijdragen tot de Geschiedenis van de Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen dl. 2 (Amsterdam, 1997), Gewina 22 (1999) 93-98.

Uffink, J.B.M., “The principle of the common cause faces the Bernstein Paradox”, Philosophy of Science 66 (1999) S512-S525.

Uffink, J.B.M., “How to protect the interpretation of the wave function against protective measurement”, Physical Review A 60 (1999) 3474-3481.

Uffink, J.B.M., Lith, J.H. van, “Thermodynamic Uncertainty Relations”, Foundations of Physics 29 (1999), 655–692.

Van Helden, A., Berkel, K. van, Palm, L.C., ed., The History of Science in the Netherlands: Survey, Themes and Reference. Leiden: Brill, 1999.

Van Helden, A., A Catalogue of Early Telescopes, Istituto e Museo di Storia della Scienza, Florence, Italy. Giunti, 1999.

Van Lith, J.H., “Reconsidering the Concept of Equilibrium in Classical Statistical Mechanics”, Philosophy of Science 66 (1999), S107–S118.

Van Lunteren, F.H., “Buys Ballot: het succes en de gebreken van een bevlogen generalist” in: L.J. Dorsman (red.), Beroep op de wetenschap: Utrechtse geleerden tussen universiteit en samenleving (Utrecht, 1999) 136-153.

Vermaas, P.E., A Philosopher’s Understanding of Quantum Mechanics, Cambridge UP, 1999.

1999 (professional) De Pater, C., Berkel, Klaas van, “Citaten uit het boek der natuur' Opstellen over de Nederlandse wetenschapsgeschiedenis (Amsterdam, 1998)”, Reformatorisch Dagblad, 13 oktober 1999, p.22.

De Regt, H.W., “De wervelende wereld van Maxwell”, Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Natuurkunde 65 (1999) p.15 (review of P.M. Harman, The Natural Philosophy of James Clerk Maxwell).

De Regt, H.W., and Edens, B., “Is wetenschapsfilosofie voor de natuurwetenschapper essentieel of irrelevant?”, Algemeen Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Wijsbegeerte 91 (1999) 314-316.

De Regt, H.W., “Het nut van academische vrijheid”, de Volkskrant, 8 november 1999.

129 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 4 : History and Foundations of Science Program Leader : Prof. dr. D.G.B.J. Dieks

De Regt, H.W., “Advocaat van atomen”, Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Natuurkunde 65 (1999) p.370 (review of C. Cercignani, Ludwig Boltzmann, The Man Who Trusted Atoms).

De Regt, H.W., “De Science Wars: strijd om de grenzen van wetenschap”, Wijsgerig Perspectief 40 (1999/2000) 37-44.

Dieks, D.G.B.J. and Lam, S., “Bohrs Mythische Rijk”, Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Natuurkunde 65 (1999) 78-79

Dieks, D.G.B.J., review of: The interpretation of quantum mechanics and the measurement process, by P. Mittelstaedt, Contemporary Physics 40 (1999) 162-163.

Snelders, H.A.M., “Isaac Newton. Natuurwetenschapper, alchemist en theoloog”, Kunst en Wetenschap 8 (1999) 9-10.

Theunissen, B. Review of: Soraya de Chadarevian en Harmke Kamminga Molecularizing Biology and Medicine. New Practices and Alliances 1910-1970, Harwood (1999), Wetenschap en Onderwijs, NRC Handelsblad 2 oktober 1999, p 53.

Theunissen, B., Review of: Gerlof Verwey, Gerard Heymans (1857-1930) en het equilibrium-model: wetenschappelijke soteriologie in rationeel-harmonistische variant : benevens twee inedita van G. Heymans, met inleiding en bibliografie (1998), Algemeen Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Wijsbegeerte 9 (1999).

Theunissen, B., Review of: E.W.A. Henssen red., Het corps als koninkrijk: 150 jaar Delftsch Studenten Corps (Hilversum 1998) in: Bijdragen en Mededelingen betreffende de Geschiedenis der Nederlanden 114 (1999).

Uffink, J.B.M., Review of: Jan von Plato: Creating Modern Probability, in Mededelingen van het Wiskundig Genootschap.

Uffink, J.B.M., “Opschudding over onzekerheid”, Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Natuurkunde 176 (1999) 65-66.

Van Lith, J.H., “De vele aspecten van metingen”, Algemeen Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Wijsbegeerte 91 (1999) 246–249.

Van Lunteren, F.H., Review of: D. Stafleu, Experimentele filosofie: Geschiedenis van de natuurkunde vanuit een wijsgerig perspectief, Gewina 22 (1999) 237-238.

Visser, R.P.W., “Van bijenwolven en zilvermeeuwen” in: Biovisie, april 1999.

2000 (refereed) Dieks, D.G.B.J., “Consistent Histories and relativistic invariance in the modal interpretation of quantum mechanics”, Physics Letters A 265 (2000), pp. 317-325.

130 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 4 : History and Foundations of Science Program Leader : Prof. dr. D.G.B.J. Dieks

Palm, L.C., “Leeuwenhoek, Antoni van (1632-1723)”, in: Wilbur Applebaum, ed., Encyclopedia of the Scientific Revolution. From Copernicus to Newton (New York & London: Garland Publ. Inc., 2000), pp. 357-358.

Snelders, H.A.M., “Een halve eeuw scheikunde aan de Universiteit van Amsterdam, 1877- 1927”, in: Tot nut en eer van de stad. Wetenschappelijk onderzoek aan de Universiteit van Amsterdam. Edided by P.J. Knegtmans and A.J. Kox (Amsterdam, 2000) 21-40.

Snelders, H.A.M, “Het Instituut, de Akademie en de natuurwetenschappen, 1840-1860”, in Het oude Instituut en de nieuwe Akademie. Overheid en wetenschapsbeoefening omtrent het midden van de negentiende eeuw. Edided by K. van Berkel (Amsterdam, 2000) 65-89.

Snelders, H.A.M., “De theorie van de sterke elektrolyten: van J.H. van 't Hoff naar P. Debye”, in Pie Debije - Peter Debye 1884-1966. Hrsg.: Stichting Edmond Hustinx und Christian Bremen (Ed.) (Gardez! Verlag, St. Augustin, 2000) 83-94.

Theunissen, B., ‘Nut en nog eens nut’. Wetenschapsbeelden van Nederlandse natuuronderzoekers, 1800-1900 (Hilversum: Verloren 2000).

Theunissen, B., “Turning refracting into a science. F.C. Donders and the medicalisation of lens prescription”, Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences (2000).

Theunissen, B., (and Willems, J., eds.) Van verlichten naar verleiden. Wetenschapsvoorlichting in Nederland 1950-2000 (Rotterdam: Erasmus 2000).

Theunissen, B., (and Santing, C. en Huisman, F., eds.) De biografie als genre in de wetenschapsgeschiedenis (Rotterdam: Erasmus 2000).

Theunissen, B., ‘Sociaal-darwinisme. Kanttekeningen bij een meerduidig begrip’, Amsterdams Sociologisch Tijdschrift 27 (2000), 96-110.

Van Helden, A., Booth, S. E., “The Virgin and the Telescope: The Moons of Cigoli and Galileo”, Science in Context, 13 (2000) 463-86.

Van Lunteren, F.H., “Bosscha’s leerboek en Van der Waals’ proefschrift: aantrekkende krachten in Den Haag”, Gewina 23 (2000) 247-265.

Visser, R.P.W., “Jan Swammerdam”, in: W. Applebaum ed, Encyclopedia of the Scientific Revolution from Copernicus to Newton (New York/London, 2000), 627-628.

2000 (professional) Allart, B., “Perspectives on science in Dutch nineteenth-century general periodicals, or ideas on the use of scientific education”, Scientiarum Historia 26 (2000) 193-200.

De Pater, C., “Fysicotheologie in de achttiende eeuw: Boyle tot Paley”, Bijbel en Wetenschap, 25 (2000), nr. 217: p.13-16 en nr.218: pp.46-49.

131 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 4 : History and Foundations of Science Program Leader : Prof. dr. D.G.B.J. Dieks

De Pater, C., Fieggen, K., (eds.), ANtWoord: Leer-/werkboek Algemene NatuurWetenschappen voor de tweede fase VO en, ANtWoord: Bronnenboek Algemene NatuurWetenschappen voor de tweede fase VO en Docentenhandleiding. (Meppel, 2000).

De Pater, C., Review of: Eric Jorink, Wetenschap en Wereldbeeld in de Gouden Eeuw, (Hilversum, 1999); Gewina 23 (2000) 291-292.

De Pater, C., Review of: Herman Kattenberg, Het Kleine Commentaar van Copernicus (Amsterdam, 1999); Gewina 23 (2000) 292-293.

De Regt, H.W., Review of: J. Blackmore, Ludwig Boltzmann, his later life and philosophy, 1900-1906. Isis 91 (2000) 595.

Palm, L.C., Review of Utrechtse krop. Fotografie uit de collectie van het Utrechts Universiteitsmuseum, door Paul Kooiker, Pam Emmerik, Patrick van der Hijden en Willem J. Mulder; Gewina. Tijdschrift voor de geschiedenis der geneeskunde, natuurwetenschappen, wiskunde en techniek 23 (2000) 152-153.

Palm, L.C., Review of: Van der Heyden. A Description of Fire Engines with Water Hoses and the Method of Fighting Fires now used in Amsterdam 1735. Translated and with an Introduction by Lettie Stibbe Multhauf; Gewina. Tijdschrift voor de geschiedenis der geneeskunde, natuurwetenschappen, wiskunde en techniek 23 (2000) 153-154.

Theunissen, B., “De wetenschappelijke methode en de groei van kennis”, Bronnenboek Algemene Natuurwetenschappen (Alphen a/d Rijn: Samsom 2000), pp. 5175/1 – 5175/27.

Van Lunteren, F.H., “De wetenschappelijke ontdekking: gebeurtenis of proces”, in Bronnen- boek algemene natuurwetenschappen, 5140 (Samson: Alphen a/d Rijn, 2000), pp. 1-31.

Visser, R.P.W., “Rembert Dodoens” in: T. Padmos ed, De Geleerde Wereld van Keizer Karel (Leuven 2000), pp. 170-172.

Visser, R.P.W., “Erwin Schrödinger en de moleculaire biologie”, Muon 33 (2000) 7-8.

2001 (refereed) Dieks, D.G.B.J., “Introduction”, Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 32 (2001) 151-156.

Dieks, D.G.B.J., “Space and Time in Particle and Field Physics”, Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 32 (2001) 217-241.

Dieks, D.G.B.J., “Space-time relationism in Newtonian and relativistic physics”, International Studies in the Philosophy of Science 15 (2001) 5-17.

Muller, F.A., “Sets, Classes and Categories”, British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 52 (2001) 539-573.

132 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 4 : History and Foundations of Science Program Leader : Prof. dr. D.G.B.J. Dieks

Muller, F.A., “Unity in Disunity”, Erkenntnis 55 (2001) 132-143.

Snelders, H.A.M., “Jean-Servais Stas, een boegbeeld van de scheikunde”, in Geschiedenis van de wetenschappen in België 1815-2000 (Brussel, 2001), vol. 1, pp. 154-158; En exergue de la chimie: Jean-Servais Stas. In: Histoire des sciences en Belgique 1815-2000. première partie, pp. 154-158.

Theunissen, B., ed., De universiteit en de stad 1800-2000 (Rotterdam: Erasmus 2001).

Theunissen, B., ‘Does disciplinary history matter?’ in: R.Corbey and W. Roebroeks eds., Studying Human Origins: Disciplinary History and Epistemology (Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press 2001).

Uffink, J.B.M., “Bluff your way in the second law of thermodynamics”, Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 32 (2001) 305-394.

Uffink, J.B.M., Brown, H.R., “The origins of time asymmetry in thermodynamics: the minus-first Law”, Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 32 (2001) 525-538.

Uffink, J.B.M., Hilgevoord, J., “The uncertainty principle” in: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy http://plato.stanford.edu/qt-uncertainty.

Uffink, J.B.M, Lith, J.H. van, "Thermodynamic Uncertainty Relations Again: A Reply to Lavenda", Foundations of Physics Letters 14 (2001) 187-193.

Van Lith, J.H., “Ergodic Theory, Interpretations of Probability and the Foundations of Statistical Mechanics”, Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 32 (2001) 581- 594.

Visser, R.P.W., “Johan Frans van Bemmelen”, in: Biografisch woordenboek van Nederland , dl. 5 (Den Haag, 2001), pp. 27-29.

Visser, R.P.W., “Willem Hendrik Arisz”, in: Idem, pp.14-15.

2001 (professional) De Pater, C., “Isaac Newton en zijn gravitatietheorie”, in M. Keestra, ed., Doorbraken in de natuurkunde (Nieuwezijds: Amsterdam, 2001), 81-108.

Muller, F.A., “De Quantisatie-controverse”, Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Natuurkunde 67 (2001) 110-114.

Muller, F.A., “Roeren in Rust”, Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Natuurkunde 67 (2001) 224- 334.

Muller, F.A., “Diep nadenken over waarheid”, NRC Handelsblad, 7 April 2002.

133 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 4 : History and Foundations of Science Program Leader : Prof. dr. D.G.B.J. Dieks

Muller, F.A., “Een apofantische oerknal. Over de noodzaak van waarheid en betekenis”, Hollands Maandblad 42.4 (2001) 30-38.

Muller, F.A., “Intellectueel Bedrog”, Gewina 24 (2001) 45-46.

Muller, F.A., “De Grijnzende Filosoof”, Hollands Maandblad 42.10 (2001).

Snelders, H.A.M., “Faraday, Maxwell en de theorie van het elektromagnetisme”, in Doorbraken in de natuurkunde (Amsterdam, 2001) 109-135.

Snelders, H.A.M., “René Descartes. De fysica als leer van de bewegende ruimtevormen”, Kunst en Wetenschap 10 (2001) 13-14.

Snelders, H.A.M., “De psychiater die het brood vers hield. Johan Rudolf Katz (p.14-15)”; “Koning van de elektronen. Peter Debye (p. 24-25)”. In: Chemie achter de dijken. Uitvindingen en uitvinders in de eeuw na van ’t Hoff. Edided by Herman van Bekkum and Jan Reedijk. Final editor Simon Roozendaal (Amsterdam, 2001).

Snelders, H.A.M., “De natuuropvatting van de romantici”, Wijsgerig perspectief 41 (2001) 28- 39.

Theunissen, B., “DNA als geheimschrift van het leven”, Academische Boekengids 27 (juni 2001) 9-11.

Theunissen, B., Eickhoff, Martijn, Henkes, Barbara and Vree, Frank van, eds., Volkseigen. Ras, cultuur en wetenschap in Nederland 1900-1950 (Zutphen: Walburg Pers 2000); Gewina 24 (2001) 180-182.

Theunissen, B., Vijselaar, Joost, De magnetische geest. Het dierlijk magnetisme 1770-1830 (Nijmegen: SUN 2001) in Huisarts en Wetenschap (2001).

Uffink, J.B.M., “Warmteleer: van Carnot tot Boltzmann” in Doorbraken in de natuurkunde, M Keestra (red.).

Van Lunteren, F.H., “Galilei en de kerk”, in Bronnenboek algemene natuurwetenschappen, 5190 (Samson: Alphen a/d Rijn, 2001), pp. 1-34.

Van Lunteren, F.H., “Van Aristoteles tot Galilei: naar een nieuwe bewegingsleer”, in M. Keestra, ed., Doorbraken in de natuurkunde (Nieuwezijds: Amsterdam, 2001), pp. 25-54.

Van Lunteren, F.H., “Schoonheid en natuurkunde”, in A-Eskwadraat Lustrumalmanak 2000- 2001 (Utrecht, 2001), pp. 95-100.

Visser, R.P.W., “Grensverleggende instrumenten”, in De Academische Boekengids, augustus 2001, 14.

134 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 4 : History and Foundations of Science Program Leader : Prof. dr. D.G.B.J. Dieks

2002 (refereed) Andriesse, C.D., “Huygens, Christiaan (1629-1695)”, in: Encyclopedia of the Enlightenment (A.C. Kors, ed.), Oxford UP, 2002, 243-245.

Afriat, A., Waves, particles and configuration space, Modena, Accademia Nazionale delle Scienze, Lettere ed Arti, 2001.

Bene, G. and Dieks, D.G.B.J., “A perspectival version of the modal interpretation of quantum mechanics and the origin of macroscopic behavior”, Foundations of Physics 32 (2002) 645-672.

Dieks, D.G.B.J., “Does Chance Make a Difference?”, pp. 209-236 in: Between Chance and Choice, H. Atmanspacher and R. Bishop (eds.), Imprint Academic, 2002.

Dieks, D.G.B.J., “Events and Covariance in the Interpretation of Quantum Field Theory”, Chapter 11 in: Ontological Aspects of Quantum Field Theory, M. Kuhlmann, H. Lyre and A. Wayne (eds.), World Scientific, 2002.

Dieks, D.G.B.J., “Inequalities that test locality in quantum mechanics”, Physical Review A 66 (2002) 062104.

Dieks, D.G.B.J., “The nature of space and time”, Contemporary Physics 43 (2002), 43-44.

Miniati, Mara, Helden, Albert van, Greco, Vincenzo, Molesini, Giuseppe, “Seventeenth- Century Telescope Optics of Torricelli, Dvini, and Campani”, Applied Optics 41 (2002) 644- 647.

Muller, F.A., “De wetenschapsfilosofische vooruitgang”, Algemeen Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Wijsbegeerte 39 (2002) 225-229.

Seevinck, Michiel and Svetlichny, George, “Bell-type Inequalities for Partial Separability in N-particle systems and Quantum Mechanical Violations”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 060401 (2002).

Seevinck, Michiel, and Uffink, Jos, “Sufficient conditions for three-particle entanglement and their tests in recent experiments”, Physical Review A 65 , 012107 (2002).

Uffink, Jos, “Quadratic Bell inequalities as tests for multipartite entanglement”, Physical Review Letters 88, 230406 (2002).

Uffink, Jos, “Irreversibility and the second law”, in: Quantum limits to the second law, D.P. Sheehan (ed.) American Institute of Physics, Melville N.Y. 2002, pp. 460-467.

Uffink, Jos, “Time and chance”, Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 33 (2002) 555-563.

Van Gent, R.H., "The Astronomical and Astrological Content of the Prints", in: H.F.J. Horstmanshoff, A.M. Luyendijk-Elshout & F.G. Schlesinger (eds.), The Four Seasons of

135 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 4 : History and Foundations of Science Program Leader : Prof. dr. D.G.B.J. Dieks

Human Life: Four Anonymous Engravings from the Trent Collection (Erasmus Publishers/Trent Collection Duke University, Rotterdam/Durham, 2002), pp. 65-77, 91-94.

Van Helden, A., Essay review of Ewen A. Whitaker. Mapping and Naming the Moon: A History of Lunar Cartography and Nomenclature (Cambridge University Press, 1999). Journal for the History of Astronomy, 33 (2002) 285-289.

Van Lunteren, F.H., “Nicolas Fatio de Duillier on the mechanical cause of universal gravitation”, in M.R. Edwards (ed.), Pushing gravity: New perspectives on Le Sage’s theory of gravitation (Montreal 2002) 41-59.

Van Lunteren, F.H., Theunissen, B., and Vermij, R. (red.), De opmars van deskundigen: Souffleurs van de samenleving (Amsterdam 2002).

Vermij, Rienk, The Calvinist Copernicans. The reception of the new astronomy in the Dutch Republic, 1575-1750 (Amsterdam: Edita KNAW, 2002).

2002 (professional) De Pater, Cornelis, Stamhuis, Ida H., Koetsier, Teun, and Helden, Albert van, The Changing Images of the Sciences, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht / Boston / London 2002.

Palm, L.C., “De wereld van de chemie rond 1927”, in: J.C. Rijenga (ed.), Proceedings van het Minisymposium CKE 75 (Eindhoven, 2002) 5-19.

Theunissen, B., “Inleiding. De maatschappelijke rol van experts in historisch perspectief” in: Frans van Lunteren, Bert Theunissen and Rienk Vermij ed., De opmars van deskundigen: souffleurs van de samenleving (Amsterdam 2002) 9-21.

Theunissen, B., “Wetenschapsbeelden en de Hollandse Maatschappij”, in: Geleerden en leken. De wereld van de Hollandsche Maatschappij der Wetenschappen 1840-1880 (Rotterdam 2002) 33-46.

Tindemans, Peter, Verrijn Stuart, Alexander and Visser, Rob (eds.), The future of the sciences and the humanities (Amsterdam University Press, 2002).

Van Lunteren, F.H., and Theunissen, B. and Regt, H. de (red.), De maatschappelijkeTaak van wetenschapsstudies (Rotterdam 2002) (special issue of Gewina 25 2002) nr 1).

Van Lunteren, F.H., and Theunissen, B. and Vermij, R., “De maatschappelijke rol van experts in historisch perspectief”, in: De opmars van deskundigen, 9-21.

Van Lunteren, F.H , “Geïnstitutionaliseerde deskundigheid: Buys Ballot en de oprichting van het KNMI”, in: De opmars van deskundigen, 59-73.

Vermij, R., “De vroegmoderne wiskundige als proto-deskundige”, pp. 23-31 in: De opmars van deskundigen. Souffleurs van de samenleving (Amsterdam: university press, 2002).

136 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 4 : History and Foundations of Science Program Leader : Prof. dr. D.G.B.J. Dieks

Vermij, R., and Lintsen, H., “Ingenieurs en het streven naar technocratie”, pp. 89-98 in: De opmars van deskundigen. Souffleurs van de samenleving (Amsterdam: Amsterdam university press, 2002).

Visser, R.P.W., “Het Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie in de 19e eeuw”, in: B. C. Sliggers en M. H. Besselink, eds, Het verdwenen museum. Natuurhistorische verzamelingen 1750-1850 (Haarlem, 2002), pp. 175-186.

Visser, R.P.W., “Dodonaeus and the herbal tradition”, in: W.F. Vande Walle ed., Dodonaeus in Japan. Translation and the scientific mind in the Tokugawa period (Leiden/Kyoto, 2001 [appeared in 2002]) pp. 45-56.

Visser, R.P.W., “Wetenschap, wetenschapsgeschiedenis en het grote publiek”, Gewina 25 (2002) 38-45.

Visser, R.P.W., “De prijsvragen van de Hollandsche Maatschappij, 1840-1880. koersverandering en neergang”, in: Geleerden en leken. De wereld van de Hollandsche Maatschappij der Wetenschappen (Haarlem/Rotterdam, 2002) pp. 47-57.

Visser, R.P.W., and Bots, H., “Correspondance, 1785-1787, de Petrus Camper et son fils Adriaan Gilles Camper”, Lias 28 (2002) pp. 1-304.

Wakker, K.F., Schenck, P.A., Olsder, G.J., Kokkedee, J.J., Makkink, J.H., Visser, R.P.W. (eds.), Delfts Goud. Leven en werk van achttien markante hoogleraren (Delft, 2002).

2002 (Submitted to a refereed journal and not yet published as of 31 December 2002) Afriat, A., “Bell’s inequality with times rather than angles,” accepted for publication in Journal of Modern Optics.

Afriat, A., “Altering the remote past,” accepted for publication in Foundations of Physics Letters.

Dieks, D.G.B.J., review essay of: Barberousse, Anouk, “La Physique Face à la Probabilité” (Paris: Librairie Philosophique J. Vrin, 2000). Accepted for publication in ISIS.

Dieks, D.G.B.J, review essay of: W.M. de Muynck, “Foundations of Quantum Mechanics, an empiricist approach”. Accepted for publication in Foundations of Physics.

Douven, I. and Uffink, J.B.M., “The Preface Paradox Revisited”, Erkenntnis.

Muller, F.A., “Refutability Revamped”, Erkenntnis 58 (2003) 189-211.

Muller, F.A., “The Implicit Definition of the Set-Concept”, Synthese.

Muller, F.A., “Maxwell's War”, Studies in the History and Philosophy of Modern Physics.

137 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 4 : History and Foundations of Science Program Leader : Prof. dr. D.G.B.J. Dieks

Muller, F.A., “Deflating Skolem”, Philosophical Studies.

Muller, F.A., “A logical approach to physical systems”, Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic.

Muller, F.A., “The Empiricist Conception of Observability”, Philosophy of Science.

Muller, F.A., “Maxwell vs Van Fraassen: Metaphysics vs Science”, British Journal for the Philosophy of Science.

Uffink, J.B.M., “On the second law of thermodynamics”, to appear in Entropy, Proceedings of the Symposium held in Dresden, June 25-28, 2000. Princeton, University Press.

Van Gent, R.H. and Helden, A. van, “Lunar, Solar, and Planetary Representations to 1650.” In The History of Cartography, vol. 3, Cartography in the European Renaissance, in press.

Vermij, R., “At the origin of the Newtonian philosophy: the case of the Amsterdam mathematical amateurs”, accepted for publication in the British journal for the history of science.

2002 Submitted to a non-refereed journal and not yet published as of 31 December 2002 Dieks, D.G.B.J., “De natuurwetenschappelijke visie op de kosmos”, to appear in: Schepping, wereldbeeld en levensbeschouwing (Utrecht, Studium Generale).

Dieks, D.G.B.J., “Toeval in de natuurkunde”, to appear in: Toeval (Utrecht, Studium Generale).

Theunissen, B., “Improving nature. Victor Westhoff and Dutch nature conservation in the post-war years”. Proceedings of the Conference ‘The Book of Nature’, Groningen 2002, in press.

Uffink, J.B.M., “Time and Ageing: A physicist’s look at gerontology” to appear in Time and Ageing, J. Visser and J. Baars (eds), Tilburg University Press.

Uffink, J.B.M., “Whence an emergence of biological time?” to appear in Time and Ageing, J. Visser and J. Baars (eds), Tilburg University Press.

Vermij, R., “Erschütterung und Bewältigung. Erdbebenkatastrophen in der frühen Neuzeit”, in: M. Jakubowski-Tiessen & H. Lehmann ed., Um Himmels Willen. Religion in Katastrophenzeiten (Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht).

Vermij, R., “Nature in defence of Scripture. Bernard Nieuwentijt and the use of experimental philosophy in the eighteenth century”, in Proceedings of Groningen Conference on The book of Nature.

Visser, R.P.W., “Jan Brander, Student of Nature” (to appear in exhibition catalogue, published by the Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, fall 2003).

138 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 5 : Physics of Man: Human Perception Program Leader : Prof. dr. J.J. Koenderink

2. Documentation per research program

Title of the program Physics of Man: Human Perception

Program leader Prof. dr. J.J. Koenderink Directors Helmholtz Institute Prof. dr. E.H.F. de Haan (from 2000) Prof. dr. C.J. Erkelens (until 2000)

Starting date of the program Formally this program was established with the creation of the Research Institute in 2001. However, the research in this program dates back from before 1996.

Research area and mission Human perception, visual and haptic psychophysics, optics of natural scenes, theory of perception and cognition. An understanding of human consciousness based on empirical and theoretical studies of human perception in relation to the physics of the natural environment at the scales of human–environment interactions. . Formal affiliations outside Helmholtz Institute for Autonomous Systems Research the Research Institute

2.1. Leadership The program leader has the overall responsibility for the program, both with respect to the quality and the cohesion of the research and with respect to the budget that is provided by the Faculty. He is responsible for the internal coordination and cooperation within the program, for organizing the human resources and for maintaining and developing the external contacts. Together with the leaders of the other research programs he discusses the general policies of the Research Institute at regular meetings and makes recommendations to the director. The program leader represents the program in the planning and control session that is organized by the Faculty Board once a year, where the plans and budget request for the coming year are presented. The presentations form the basis for the budget allocations made by the Faculty Board for the subsequent year. See also: Part A, 1.2.

2.2. Strategy and policy The aim is to arrive at an understanding of human consciousness based on empirical and theoretical studies of human perception in relation to the physics of the natural environment at the scales of human–environment interactions. Internationally this field would be designated “cognitive science”, but this field is not recognized as an independent discipline in the Netherlands. It is an intrinsically multidisciplinary field involving physics (of the human environment), experimental psychology, computer science (machine vision, robotics), mathematics and philosophy.

139 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 5 : Physics of Man: Human Perception Program Leader : Prof. dr. J.J. Koenderink

Recently the program has initiated new lines of research: - With regard to visual psychophysics it currently devotes much efforts to the study of "mental viewpoint changes". This is a topic that is particularly important to the mission (see below). - In haptics (active touch) the program pursues the metrical structure of haptic space in the grasp region. - In experimental and theoretical ecological optics the program has been redirected to the structure of light fields and the effect of the light fields on texture due to 3D surface corrugations. The latter topic involves only physics; it is important to the visual psychophysics.

The standard approach is to attempt to identify the site of consciousness in the brain (e.g., witness the current wave of brainscanning studies). The program takes a different approach. Consciousness cannot be identified with any physiological process, but is evidently connected with the interaction of the organism and its physical environment. Any approach to the problem of consciousness that ignores this intentionality is bound to fail. This is why the program focuses its psychophysical programs on aspects of man–environment interactions, and why it maintains research on "ecological physics" in parallel with the psychophysics. Although this runs counter to the "mainstream" (for this program “mainstream” means cognitive science, experimental psychology, computer science, optics, mathematics), this choice is the more fruitful one.

During phylogeny and ontogeny the organisms incorporate extensive knowledge of possible interactions with the physical world. This enables them to "freewheel" in cases of sparse or ambiguous information available from actual interaction. This is of great interest, and some of the major research efforts of the program, for instance that on pictorial space, are devoted to it. Recently it became clear that apparent idiosyncrasies that are typically encountered in such studies should not be ignored (as is typically done) but form an important research area. The freedom exemplified by these idiosyncratic perceptions is tightly constrained by the ambiguities inherent in the information available in cases of more natural interaction with the environment. Since the nature of such interactions can be understood via ecological physics, this yields a handle on the formal structure of such idiosyncratic traits. The formal theory will be developed further and more extensive empirical data on this important subject will be collected.

Perceptual systems are diverse in many ways and given the size of the group these cannot realistically be addressed all. The decision to focus on optics and haptics has served well, and the program will focus on vision and active touch also in the near future. The optical and haptical systems are sufficiently different in structure and similar in their goals (e.g., the perception of spatiotemporal relations and of material properties) that a study of similarities and differences often turns out to be rewarding. The efforts in ecological optics have been stepped up significantly. The focus that is presently largely on the structure of spatiotemporal frameworks in vision and touch will be extended to the study of the perception of material properties. This is a sadly neglected and ill understood field that is nevertheless of much scientific and industrial interest. In order to start serious psychophysics the necessary ecological physics has to be in place though. This

140 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 5 : Physics of Man: Human Perception Program Leader : Prof. dr. J.J. Koenderink implies both theoretical work as well as empirical studies in the natural environment and the laboratory.

2.3. Processes in research, internal and external collaboration This program was formed only recently as an independent unit. In the previous assessment it formed part of the program "Information processing in autonomous systems" directed by Prof. dr. C.J. Erkelens.

The staff is composed of one full professor (Koenderink), one associate professor (Kappers) and a 40% assistant professor (van Doorn). All staff members have a physics background, and a longtime experience in psychophysics and cognitive science. All are used to continual multidisciplinary collaborations. The group has a floating number of PhD students (3-5) and postdoctoral fellows (1-4). These have various backgrounds, e.g., physics, psychology or biology. In almost all cases the students have a lack of expertise in various important areas. Dependent on their background additional training within the PhD period is necessary.

The composition of our group is evenly distributed over the genders. This is remarkable in the Research Institute; most groups in physics being strongly male dominated.

The internal collaboration within the group proper and within the Helmholtz Institute is extensive. This is required, given the necessity of dissemination of multidisciplinary expertise.

The program has a number of formal (involving grants, shared publications, shared PhD students) collaborations with other groups in various disciplines. The program participates in projects (TUD, NWO, European IST, NATO, NSF) with groups in computer science, mathematics, psychology, physiology, and medicine.

2.4. Academic reputation Editorships A.M.L. Kappers Psychology: - Current Psychology Letters; Behaviour, Brain & Cognition

J.J. Koenderink Artificial Intelligence: - Journal of Intelligent Systems Philosophy: - Axiomathes, An International Journal in Ontology and Cognitive Systems Psychology: - Journal of Vision - Perception - Spatial Vision Computer Science: - Computer Vision and image Understanding

141 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 5 : Physics of Man: Human Perception Program Leader : Prof. dr. J.J. Koenderink

- Elsevier Series on Computer Vision - Future Generation Computer Systems - Image and Vision Computing - International Journal of Computer Vision - Journal of Visual Communication and Image Processing

Elected memberships of Scientific Organizations J.J. Koenderink - Member of the KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) - Curator Chair of Ophthalmology, Utrecht University - Scientific Advisory Board of NICI, University of Nijmegen - Scientific Advisory Board of BCN, University of Groningen - Trustee of the Nederlandse Stichting voor Verlichtingskunde (Dutch branche of the International Commission on Illumination, CIE) - Scientific board of Bolzano International Schools in Cognitive Analysis (Istituto Mitteleuropeo di Cultura) - Evaluator of the Leibnitz Institute (Jerusalem) for the German Minerva Foundation

2.5. Internal evaluation and analysis, perspectives and expectations for the research program Strengths. The program integrates approaches from different fields of science (mathematics, physics, engineering, computer science, biology, psychology and philosophy). The strategical position outside of the mainstream, the timely focus on novel research areas and the true multidisciplinarity of its staff are strengths that are essential to the success of the program. Independency of expensive research equipment enables the program to maneuver comparatively easily; the program may change research focus at the time scale of a PhD project (3–4 years).

Weaknesses. The multidisciplinarity of the program and its intentional positioning outside of the mainstream fields of research become the major weaknesses of the program when it comes to attracting funding opportunities, finding media for publications and collecting citations.

Opportunities. The multiple tangencies of research with a variety of sciences create frequent opportunities to exploit developments in the scientific landscape.

Threats. The small size of the group and its position outside core physics render the program particularly vulnerable in cases of budget cuts.

2.6. External validation The program’s output has been seminal in various branches of computer science, for instance, image processing and machine vision. This is apparent from the fact that many now "standard" theories and procedures in these fields, which appear in text or handbooks, on which conferences are organized, etc., can be traced to our original input (examples: optic flow, scale space methods).

142 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 5 : Physics of Man: Human Perception Program Leader : Prof. dr. J.J. Koenderink

The work in visual and haptic psychophysics has been taken up by the field, at least to some extent, witness appearance in text and handbooks. The psychophysical work in vision and touch is of immediate interest in rehabilitation and clinical settings, as well as in ergonomics (man machine interfacing, communication).

The work in ecological optics is becoming increasingly more relevant to the industry. It is relevant in quality control, as well as in the design of products where "look" and "feel" are considered important.

2.7. Researchers and other personnel The number of PhD theses produced during the review period is 11. One PhD student left research after two years for a position in education. His research resulted in a publication. In the other cases the thesis manuscript was ready before the official termination of the project. Apparently the efficiency of the PhD program is very good.

Table 3: Physics of Man: Human Perception Research staff at program level Name and present title ‘96 ‘97 ‘98 ‘99 ‘00 ‘01 ‘02

Full professors J.J. Koenderink 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 Associate professor A.M.L. Kappers 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 Assistant professor A.J. van Doorn 0,08 0,24 0,24 0,24 0,24 0,24 Total tenured staff 1,20 1,40 1,44 1,44 1,44 1,44 1,44

Post-doctoral fellows C. Christou 0,58 B.-G. Khang 0,17 1,00 H.T. Nefs 0,75 A.J. Noest 1,00 0,50 S.C. Pont 0,33 1,00 1,00 1,00 M. Stavridi 0,96 S.F. te Pas 0,42 0,42 0,43 0,45 0,80 A.J. van Doorn 0,50 0,35 PhD students total 2,99 3,77 4,09 4,09 2,59 2,16 2,67 Total non tenured staff 6,45 5,04 4,52 4,87 4,39 3,33 5,42

Total research staff 7,65 6,44 5,96 6,31 5,83 4,77 6,86 This table represents the actual fraction of the fte available for research, the research input of all personnel is quantified on the basis of a fixed standard for each function: full professors 60% associate professors (SDO) 60% assistant professors (DO) 60% post-doctoral fellows 100% PhD students (AIO/OIO’s) 90% The research input is calculated in proportion to the size of the appointment of the researcher involved. In exceptional cases when a staff member has performed duties that have taken up an extra-proportional amount of time, the percentage of time for research has been adapted.

143 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 5 : Physics of Man: Human Perception Program Leader : Prof. dr. J.J. Koenderink

2.8. Resources, funding and facilities Externally funded international projects (EU, HFSP, NATO, etc.) - Esprit Basic Research Action (InSight II) Duration: 01/1994 – 01/1997 Coordinator: Prof. dr. G.A. Orban (University of Louvain, Belgium) - Esprit Basic Research Action (Realise) Duration: 01/1994 - 01/1997 Coordinator: F. Leymarie (Syseca, Paris) - EC-US International Cooperation Activity Duration: 01/1995 - 05/1997 Coordinator: prof. dr. J.J. Koenderink - EC (InSight 2+) Duration: 09/2001 – 09/2004 Coordinator: Prof. dr. G.A. Orban (University of Louvain, Belgium) - HFSP (Human Frontier Scientific Program) Duration: 07/1993 - 07/1996 Coordinator: prof. dr. H. Komatsu (Tsukuba, Japan) - NATO Collaborative Research Grant Duration: 09/1992 – 09/1997 Coordinator: prof. dr. J.J. Koenderink - NATO Collaborative Research Grant Duration: 01/1998 – 01/2003 Coordinator: prof. dr. J.T. Todd (The Ohio State University, USA) - International collaborator in NSF-ITR project with CMU/ Berkeley/ Illinois/ Rutgers/ Stanford/ ATT - S.C. Pont: Talent Stipendium

European networks of excellence - nEUrone (network of excellence on neuroinformatics) Coordinator: Alois Knoll (Informatik, TU München) - ECVision (network of excellence on computer vision) Coordinator: David Vernon (Computer Science, NUI Maynooth, Co.Kildare)

Facilities Possibilities for psychophysics in the natural outside environment using laser range finder/theodolites and radio-controlled equipment have been created. These are of interest to colleagues from abroad, which has resulted in a number of shared publications.

Apparatus for psychophysics in haptics research has been designed and constructed that is being used by various other groups in the country.

Apparatus for radiometric measurements on samples of real materials (BRDF measurements) and for the creation of arbitrary diffuse light fields have been designed and constructed that attract much interest from the computer vision community. The program has set up a database (maintained by Columbia University) that is widely used in machine vision research.

144 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 5 : Physics of Man: Human Perception Program Leader : Prof. dr. J.J. Koenderink

Data: Table 4a Physics of Man: Human Perception Funding at program level in K€ Funding 1996 19971998 1999 2000 2001 2002 97-02 average

Direct funding 324 365 353 413 422 355 372 Research funds 53 29 9 4 35 26 96 33 Contracts 152 12-1 0 0 11 82 17 Other

Total 365373 357 448 459 533 423 Table 4a: The funding of the program during the evaluation period in k€.

Table 4b Physics of Man: Human Perception Funding at program level in % Funding 1996 19971998 1999 2000 2001 2002 97-02 average

Direct funding 89% 98% 99% 92% 92% 67% 88% Research funds 8% 2% 1% 8% 6% 18% 8% Contracts 3%0% 0% 0% 2% 15% 4% Other

Total 100%100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Table 4b: The funding of the program during the evaluation period in %. For an explanation see Research Institute documentation.

2.9. Overview of the results 1. Key publications 1. J.J. Koenderink, A.J. van Doorn, The generic bilinear calibration-estimation problem, International Journal of Computer Vision, 23 (3), 217-234, 1997.

2. K.J. Dana, B. van Ginneken, S.K. Nayar, J.J. Koenderink, Reflectance and texture and of real-world surfaces, ACM Transaction on Graphics, Vol. 18(1), 1-34, 1999.

3. A.M.L. Kappers, J.J. Koenderink, Haptic perception of spatial relations, Perception, 28, 781-795, 1999.

4. J.J. Koenderink, A.J. van Doorn, The structure of locally orderless images, International Journal of Computer Vision, 31(2/3), 159-168, 1999.

5. J.J. Koenderink, A.J. van Doorn, A.M.L. Kappers, J.T. Todd, Ambiguity and the ‘mental eye’ in pictorial relief, Perception, 30, 431-448, 2001.

145 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 5 : Physics of Man: Human Perception Program Leader : Prof. dr. J.J. Koenderink

2. Dissertations 1996: M.A.Hogervorst (category 1) Limitations on the recovery of structure from motion promotor: Prof. dr. J.J. Koenderink co-promotor: Dr. A.M.L. Kappers

1996: S.F. te Pas (category 1) Perception of structure in optical flow fields promotor: Prof. dr. J.J. Koenderink co-promotor: Dr. A.M.L. Kappers

1996: H.A.H.C. van Veen (category 1) Visually acquired information about rotating objects promotor: Prof. dr. J.J. Koenderink co-promotor: Dr. A.M.L. Kappers

1997: S.C. Pont (category 1) Haptic curvature comparison promotor: Prof. dr. J.J. Koenderink co-promotor: Dr. A.M.L. Kappers

1997: I.M.L.C. Vogels (category 1) Haptic after-effect of curved surfaces promotor: Prof. dr. J.J. Koenderink co-promotor: Dr. A.M.L. Kappers

1999: N. Schoumans (category 3, TU Delft) Influence of context on visual space promotors: Prof. dr.ir. C.J. Snijders Prof. dr. J.J. Koenderink co-promotor: Dr. A.M.L. Kappers

2000: R.H. Cuijpers (category 1) The geometry of visual space promotor: Prof. dr. J.J. Koenderink co-promotor: Dr. A.M.L. Kappers

2000: R. Lu (category 1) Ecological optics of materials promotor: Prof. dr. J.J. Koenderink co-promotor: Dr. A.M.L. Kappers

2002: S. Louw (category 1) Haptic discrimination of geometrical object properties promotor: Prof. dr. J.J. Koenderink co-promotor: Dr. A.M.L. Kappers

146 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 5 : Physics of Man: Human Perception Program Leader : Prof. dr. J.J. Koenderink

2002: H.T. Nefs (category 1) Tactual discrimination of gratings promotor: Prof. dr. J.J. Koenderink co-promotor: Dr. A.M.L. Kappers

2002: J.J.M. Roessingh (category 2) The acquisition of complex skills promotor: Prof dr. J.J. Koenderink co-promotor: Dr. A.M.L. Kappers

3. Numerical Overview of the results Table 5 Program results: output numbers ‘96‘97 ‘98 ‘99 ‘00 ‘01 ‘02 Total 1. Academic publications a. In refereed 28 16 9 19 15 13 24 28* 152 Journals b. other 61130 0 11 publications Total 28 22 10 20 18 13 24 28 163

2. PhD theses 320120 3 11

*Submitted and not yet published as of 31 December 2002

4. Full list of publications (1996-2002) 1996 (refereed) Christou, C. , J.J. Koenderink, A.J. van Doorn, Surface gradients, contours and the perception of surface attitudes in images of complex scenes, Perception, Vol. 25, 701-713, 1996.

De Haan, E., C. Lutz, A.J. Noest, Nonspatial visual attention explained by spatial attention plus limited storage, Perception, Vol. 25, 591-608, 1996.

Florack, L.M.J. , B.M. ter Haar Romeny, J.J. Koenderink, M.A. Viergever, The Gaussian scale-space paradigm and the multiscale local jet, Int. J. of Computer Vision, Vol. 18, 61-75, 1996.

Hogervorst, M.A., A.M.L. Kappers, J.J. Koenderink, Structure from motion: a tolerance analysis, Perception & Psychophysics, 58 (3), 449-459, 1996.

Kappers, A.M.L., J.J. Koenderink, Haptic unilateral and bilateral discrimination of curved surfaces, Perception, Vol. 25, 739-749, 1996.

Kappers, A.M.L., S.F. te Pas, J.J. Koenderink, Detection of divergence in optical flow fields, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, Vol. 13 (2), 227-235, 1996.

147 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 5 : Physics of Man: Human Perception Program Leader : Prof. dr. J.J. Koenderink

Kappers, A.M.L., S.F. te Pas, J.J. Koenderink, A.J. van Doorn, Simulating the detection of first-order flow components, Vision Res., Vol. 36 (21), 3539-3547, 1996.

Kappers, A.M.L., J.J. Koenderink, G. Oudenaarden, Differences between haptic and visual judgements of curvature, In: Studies in Ecological Psychology, A.M.L. Kappers, C.J. Overbeeke, G.J.F. Smets, P.J. Stappers (eds.), 45-48, 1996.

Koenderink J.J., A.J. van Doorn, Illuminance texture due to surface mesostructure, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, Vol. 13 (3), 452-463, 1996.

Koenderink J.J., A.J. van Doorn, Metamerism in complete sets of image operators, In: Advances in Image Understanding, K. Bowyer, N. Ahuja (eds.), IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos, California, 113-129, 1996.

Koenderink J.J., A.J. van Doorn, C. Christou, J.S. Lappin, Shape constancy in pictorial relief, Perception, Vol. 25, 155-164, 1996.

Koenderink J.J., A.J. van Doorn, C. Christou, J.S. Lappin, Perturbation study of shading in pictures, Perception, Vol. 25, 1009-1026, 1996.

Koenderink J.J., A.J. van Doorn, A.M.L. Kappers, Pictorial surface attitude and local depth comparisons, Perception & Psychophysics, 58 (2), 163-173, 1996.

Koenderink J.J., A.J. van Doorn, M. Stavridi, Bidirectional reflection distribution function expressed in terms of surface scattering modes, In: Computer Vision - ECCV ’96, B. Buxton, R. Cipolla (eds.), Springer Verlag, Berlin, 28-39, 1996.

Koenderink J.J., A.M.L. Kappers, J.T. Todd, J.F. Norman, F. Phillips, Surface range and attitude probing in stereoscopically presented dynamic scenes, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 22, 869-878, 1996.

Leymarie F., A. de la Fortelle, J.J. Koenderink, A.M.L. Kappers, M. Stavridi, B. van Ginneken, S. Muller, S. Krake, O. Faugeras, L. Robert, C. Gauclin, S. Laveau, C. Zeller, REALISE: Reconstruction of REALity from Image SEquences, IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, P. Delogne (ed.), Vol. III, 651-654, 1996.

Pont S.C., A.M.L. Kappers, J.J. Koenderink, The influence of stimulus length on static haptic curvature discrimination, In: Studies in Ecological Psychology, A.M.L. Kappers, C.J. Overbeeke, G.J.F. Smets, P.J. Stappers (eds.), 69-72, 1996.

Rosenholtz R., J.J. Koenderink, Affine structure and photometry, Proc. CVPR (Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition), San Francisco, CA, 790-795, 1996.

Stavridi M., J.J. Koenderink, Studies of 3-D model textures, IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, P. Delogne (ed.), Vol. III, 157-160, 1996.

148 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 5 : Physics of Man: Human Perception Program Leader : Prof. dr. J.J. Koenderink

Te Pas S.F., A.M.L. Kappers, J.J. Koenderink, Detection of first-order structure in optic flow fields, Vision Res., 36 (2), 259-270, 1996.

Te Pas S.F., A.M.L. Kappers, J.J. Koenderink, Detection of the sign of expansion as a function of field size and eccentricity, Perception & Psychophysics, 58 (3), 401-408, 1996.

Te Pas S.F., A.M.L. Kappers, J.J. Koenderink, H. Oosting, The influence of eccentricity on the indication of the singular point in rotating flow fields, In: Studies in Ecological Psychology, A.M.L. Kappers, C.J. Overbeeke, G.J.F. Smets, P.J. Stappers (eds.), 85-88, 1996.

Todd J.T., J.J. Koenderink, A.J. van Doorn, A.M.L. Kappers, Effects of changing viewing conditions on the perceived structure of smoothly curved surfaces, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, Vol. 22, 695-706, 1996.

Van Doorn A.J., J.J. Koenderink, How to probe different aspects of surface relief, In: Studies in Ecological Psychology, A.M.L. Kappers, C.J. Overbeeke, G.J.F. Smets, P.J. Stappers (eds.), 115-130, 1996.

Van Veen H.A.H.C., A.M.L. Kappers, J.J. Koenderink, P. Werkhoven, Discriminating the volume of motion-defined solids, Perception & Psychophysics, 58 (4), 561-570, 1996.

Van Veen H.A.H.C., P. Werkhoven, Metamerisms in Structure-from-Motion perception, Vision Res., Vol. 34, 2197-2210, 1996.

Vogels I.M.L.C., A.M.L. Kappers, J.J. Koenderink, Haptic after-effect of curved surfaces, Perception, Vol. 25, 109-119, 1996.

Vogels I.M.L.C., A.M.L. Kappers, J.J. Koenderink, Influence of stimulus sequence on the haptic after-effect, In: Studies in Ecological Psychology, A.M.L. Kappers, C.J. Overbeeke, G.J.F. Smets, P.J. Stappers (eds.), 135-138, 1996.

1997 (refereed) Christou C., J.J. Koenderink, Light source dependence in shape from shading, Vision Research, Vol. 37 (11), 1441-1449, 1997.

Dana K.J., B. van Ginneken, S.K. Nayar, J.J. Koenderink, Reflectance and texture of real- world surfaces, Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 151-157, 1997.

Hogervorst M.A., A.M.L. Kappers, J.J. Koenderink, Monocular discrimination of rigidly and nonrigidly moving objects, Perception & Psychophysics, 59 (8), 1266-1279, 1997.

Kappers, A.M.L., J.J. Koenderink, G. Oudenaarden, Large differences between haptic and visual judgements of curvature, Perception, Vol. 26, 113-120, 1997.

149 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 5 : Physics of Man: Human Perception Program Leader : Prof. dr. J.J. Koenderink

Koenderink J.J., A.J. van Doorn, The generic bilinear calibration-estimation problem, International Journal of Computer Vision, 23 (3), 217-234, 1997.

Koenderink J.J., A.J. van Doorn, A.M.L. Kappers, J. Todd, The visual contour in depth, Perception & Psychophysics, 59 (6), 828-838, 1997.

Koenderink J.J., A.M.L. Kappers, F.E. Pollick, M. Kawato, Correspondence in pictorial space, Perception & Psychophysics, 59 (6), 813-827, 1997.

Phillips F., J.T. Todd, J.J. Koenderink, A.M.L. Kappers, Perceptual localization of surface position, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, Vol. 23 (5), 1481-1492, 1997.

Pont S.C., A.M.L. Kappers, J.J. Koenderink, Haptic curvature discrimination at several regions of the hand, Perception & Psychophysics, 59 (8), 1225-1240, 1997.

Pont S.C., A.M.L. Kappers, J.J. Koenderink, Local attitudes are the effective stimuli for haptic curvature discrimination, in: Studies in Perception and Action IV, M.A. Schmuckler, J.M. Kennedy (Eds.), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Mahwah, New Jersey, 109-112, 1997.

Stavridi M., B. van Ginneken, J.J. Koenderink, Surface BRDF and texture of bricks and tiles, Applied Optics, Vol. 36 (16), 3717-3725, 1997.

Te Pas S.F., A.M.L. Kappers, J.J. Koenderink, Detection of spatial discontinuities in first- order optical flow fields, Perception & Psychophysics, 59 (4), 567-579, 1997.

Te Pas S.F., A.M.L. Kappers, J.J. Koenderink, Detection of second-order structure in optical flow fields, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, Vol. 14 (4), 767-778, 1997.

Todd J.T., J.F. Norman, J.J. Koenderink, A.M.L. Kappers, Effects of texture, illumination and surface reflectance on stereoscopic shape perception, Perception, Vol. 26, 807-822, 1997.

Vogels I.M.L.C., A.M.L. Kappers, J.J. Koenderink, Investigation into the origin of the haptic after-effect of curved surfaces, Perception, Vol. 26, 101-117, 1997.

Vogels I.M.L.C., A.M.L. Kappers, J.J. Koenderink, Influence of orientation on the haptic after-effect of cylindrical surfaces, in: Studies in Perception and Action IV, M.A. Schmuckler, J.M. Kennedy (Eds.), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Mahwah, New Jersey, 113-116, 1997.

1997 (other publications) Koenderink J.J., Pictorial relief, In: Advances in visual form analysis, C. Arcelli, L.P. Cordella, G. Sanniti di Baja (eds.), World Scientific, Singapore, 308-317, 1997.

150 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 5 : Physics of Man: Human Perception Program Leader : Prof. dr. J.J. Koenderink

Koenderink J.J., Scale in perspective, In: Gaussian Scale space theory, J. Sporing, M. Nielsen, L. Florack, P. Johansen (eds.), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, xv-xx, 1997.

Koenderink J.J., Foreword, in: Image structure by L. Florack, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, xi-xii, 1997.

Koenderink J.J., Receptive field calculus, In: Progress in Neural Networks, Vol. 4: Machine Vision, O.M. Omidvar, R. Mohan (eds.), Ablex Publishing Corporation, Greenwich, Connecticut, 1-28, 1997.

Koenderink J.J., A.J. van Doorn, Image structure, in: Mustererkennung 1997, E. Paulus, F.M. Wahl (eds.), Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 3-35, 1997.

Koenderink J.J., A.J. van Doorn, Local image operators and iconic structure, in: Algebraic frames for the perception-action cycle, G. Sommer, J.J. Koenderink (eds.), Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 66-93, 1997.

1998 (refereed) Koenderink J.J., Pictorial relief, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A, 356, 1071-1086, 1998.

Koenderink J.J., A.J. van Doorn, Phenomenological description of bidirectional surface reflection, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, Vol. 15 (11), 2903-2912, 1998.

Koenderink J.J., A.J. van Doorn, Shape from Chebyshev nets, In: Lecture notes in Computer Science, Computer Vision - ECCV’98, H. Burkhardt, B. Neumann (eds.), Springer, Berlin, 215-225, 1998.

Koenderink J.J., A.J. van Doorn, The structure of relief, in: Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics, Vol. 103, 65-150, 1998.

Lu R., J.J. Koenderink, A.M.L. Kappers, Optical properties (bidirectional reflection distribution functions) of velvet, Applied Optics, Vol. 37 (25), 5974-5984, 1998.

Pont S.C., A.M.L. Kappers, J.J. Koenderink, Anisotropy in haptic curvature perception, Perception, Vol. 27 (5), 573-589, 1998.

Pont S.C., A.M.L. Kappers, J.J. Koenderink, The influence of stimulus tilt on haptic curvature matching and discrimination by dynamic touch, Perception, Vol. 27, 869-880, 1998.

Te Pas S.F., A.M.L. Kappers, J.J. Koenderink, Locating the singular point in first-order optical flow fields, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 24 (5), 1415-1430, 1998.

151 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 5 : Physics of Man: Human Perception Program Leader : Prof. dr. J.J. Koenderink

Van Ginneken B., M. Stavridi, J.J. Koenderink, Diffuse and specular reflectance from rough surfaces, Applied Optics, Vol. 37 (1), 130-139, 1998.

1998 (other publications) Koenderink J.J., A.J. van Doorn, Exocentric pointing, In: Vision and Action, L.R. Harris, M. Jenkin (eds.), Cambridge University Press, 295-313, 1998.

1999 (refereed) Dana K.J., B. van Ginneken, S.K. Nayar, J.J. Koenderink, Reflectance and texture and of real- world surfaces, ACM Transaction on Graphics, Vol 18(1), 1-34, 1999.

Hecht H., J.J. Koenderink, A.J. van Doorn, Compression of visual space in natural scenes and in their photographic counterparts, Perception & Psychophysics, Vol. 61 (7), 1269-1286, 1999.

Kappers, A.M.L., Large systematic deviations in the haptic perception of parallelity, Perception, 28, 1001-1012, 1999.

Kappers, A.M.L., Large systematic deviations in the haptic perception of parallelity, in: Studies in Perception and Action V, M.A. Grealy, J.A. Thomson (eds.), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., London, 73-76, 1999.

Kappers, A.M.L., J.J. Koenderink, Haptic perception of spatial relations, Perception, 28, 781-795, 1999.

Koenderink J.J., Guest Editorial; Colour, old age, and accepted truth, Perception, Vol. 28, 1- 4, 1999.

Koenderink J.J., Guest Editorial; Virtual psychophysics, Perception, Vol. 28, 669-674, 1999.

Koenderink J.J., Guest editorial; Brain scanning and the single mind, Perception, Vol. 28, 1181-1184, 1999.

Koenderink J.J., A.J. van Doorn, The structure of locally orderless images, International Journal of Computer Vision, 31(2/3), 159-168, 1999.

Koenderink J.J., A.J. van Doorn, K.J. Dana, S. Nayar, Bidirectional Reflection Distribution Function of thoroughly pitted surfaces, International Journal of Computer Vision, 31(2/3), 129-144, 1999.

Louw S., A.M.L. Kappers, J.J. Koenderink, Haptic curvature thresholds over a gamut of scales, in: Studies in Perception and Action V, M.A. Grealy, J.A. Thomson (eds.), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., London, 77-80, 1999.

Lu R., J.J. Koenderink, A.M.L. Kappers, Surface roughness from highlight structure, Applied Optics, Vol. 38, 2886-2894, 1999.

152 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 5 : Physics of Man: Human Perception Program Leader : Prof. dr. J.J. Koenderink

Lu R., J.J. Koenderink, A.M.L. Kappers, Specularities on surfaces with tangential hairs or grooves, in: Proceedings of the seventh IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos, 2-7, 1999.

Mardia K.V., R.J. Morris, A.N. Walder, J.J. Koenderink, Estimation of torsion, Journal of Applied Statistics, Vol. 26 (3), 373-381, 1999.

Pont S.C., A.M.L. Kappers, J.J. Koenderink, Similar mechanisms underlie curvature comparison by static and by dynamic touch, Perception & Psychophysics, 61 (5), 874-894, 1999.

Todd J.T., S. Oomes, J.J. Koenderink, A.M.L. Kappers, The intrinsic geometry of perceptual space: its metrical, affine and projective properties, In: Proceedings of the Fifteenth Annual Meeting of the International Society for Psychophysics, P.R. Killeen, W.R. Uttal (eds.), 169- 174, 1999.

Van Ginneken B., J.J. Koenderink, K.J. Dana, Texture histograms as a function of irradiation and viewing direction, International Journal of Computer Vision, 31(2/3), 169-184, 1999.

Vogels I.M.L.C., A.M.L. Kappers, J.J. Koenderink, Influence of shape on haptic curvature perception, Acta Psychologica, 100, 267-289, 1999.

Watanabe H., F. Pollick, J.J. Koenderink, M. Kawato, Using motor tasks to quantitatively judge 3-D surface curvatures, Perception & Psychophysics, 61 (6), 1116-1139, 1999.

1999 (other publications) Koenderink J.J., A.J. van Doorn, Blur and disorder, in: Scale-space theories in computer vision, M. Nielsen, P. Johansen, O.F. Olsen, J. Weickert (eds.), Springer, Berlin, 1-9, 1999.

2000 (refereed) Cuijpers R.H., A.M.L. Kappers, J.J. Koenderink, Large systematic deviations in visual parallelism, Perception, 29, 1467-1482, 2000.

Cuijpers R.H., A.M.L. Kappers, J.J. Koenderink, Investigation of visual space using an exocentric pointing task, Perception & Psychophysics, 62, 1556-1571, 2000.

Koenderink J.J., Guest editorial; Trieste in the mirror, Perception, 29, 127-133, 2000.

Koenderink J.J., Book review of Two- and three-dimensional patterns of the face, The Mathematical Intelligencer, 74-77, 2000.

Koenderink J.J., A.J. van Doorn, A.M.L. Kappers, J.T. Todd, Directing the mental eye in pictorial perception, in: Human Vision and Electronic Imaging V, B.E. Rogowitz, T.N. Pappas (eds.), SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering, Bellingham, 2- 13, 2000.

153 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 5 : Physics of Man: Human Perception Program Leader : Prof. dr. J.J. Koenderink

Koenderink J.J., A.J. van Doorn, J.S. Lappin, Direct measurement of curvature of visual space, Perception, Vol. 29 (1), 69 - 79, 2000.

Koenderink J.J., A.J. van Doorn, Blur and disorder, Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation, 11, 237-244, 2000.

Lankheet M.J.M., A.J. van Doorn, M.A. Bouman, W.A. van de Grind, Motion coherence detection as a function of luminance level in human central vision, Vision Research, 40, 3599-3611, 2000.

Louw S., A.M.L. Kappers, J.J. Koenderink, Haptic detection thresholds of Gaussian profiles over the whole range of spatial scales, Experimental Brain Research, 132, 369-374, 2000.

Lu R., J.J. Koenderink, A.M.L. Kappers, Specularities on surfaces with tangential hairs or grooves, Computer Vision and Image Understanding, 78, 320-335, 2000.

Lu R., J.J. Koenderink, A.M.L. Kappers, Optical properties (bidirectional reflectance distribution function) of shot fabric, Applied Optics, 39, 5785-5795, 2000.

Schoumans N., J.J. Koenderink, A.M.L. Kappers, Change in perceived spatial directions due to context, Perception & Psychophysics, 62 (3), 532-539, 2000.

Stokman H.M.G., Th. Gevers, J.J. Koenderink, Color Measurement by imaging spectrometry, Computer Vision and Image Understanding, 79, 236-249, 2000.

Te Pas S.F., B.J. Rogers, T. Ledgeway, Curvature contrast in stereoscopically-defined surfaces, Current Psychology Letters, Vol. 1 (1), 117-126, 2000.

Van de Grind W.A., J.J. Koenderink, A.J. van Doorn, Motion detection from photopic to low scotopic luminance levels, Vision Research, 40, 187-199, 2000.

2000 (other publications) Koenderink J.J., Foreword, In: Neuronal processing of optic flow, M. Lappe (ed.), Academic Press, San Diego, xi-xiii, 2000.

Koenderink J.J., A.J. van Doorn, The structure of colorimetry, in: Algabraic frames for the perception-action cycle, G. Sommer, Y.Y. Zeevi (eds.), Springer, Berlin, 69-77, 2000.

Koenderink J.J., A.J. van Doorn, A.M.L. Kappers, Surfaces in the mind’s eye, in, The mathematics of surfaces IX, R. Cipolla, R. Martin (eds.), Springer, London, 180-193, 2000.

2001 (refereed) Cuijpers R.H., A.M.L. Kappers, J.J. Koenderink, On the role of external reference frames on visual judgements of parallelity, Acta Psychologica, 108, 283-302, 2001.

154 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 5 : Physics of Man: Human Perception Program Leader : Prof. dr. J.J. Koenderink

Doorschot P.C.A., A.M.L. Kappers, J.J. Koenderink, The combined influence of binocular disparity and shading on pictorial shape, Perception & Psychophysics, 63 (6), 1038-1047, 2001.

Kappers, A.M.L., S.F. te Pas, Deformation of visual space at the ECVP in Groningen, Perception, 30, 1275-1276, 2001.

Koenderink J.J., Guest editorial; Multiple visual worlds, Perception, 30, 1-7, 2001.

Koenderink J.J., Guest editorial; On seeing clearly, Perception, 30, 525-530, 2001.

Koenderink J.J., A.J. van Doorn, Shading in the case of translucent objects, in: Human Vision and Electronic Imaging VI, B.E. Rogowitz, T.N. Pappas (eds.), SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering, Bellingham, 312-320, 2001.

Koenderink J.J., A.J. van Doorn, A.M.L. Kappers, J.T. Todd, Ambiguity and the ‘mental eye’ in pictorial relief, Perception, 30, 431-448, 2001.

Nefs, H.T., A.M.L. Kappers, J.J. Koenderink, Amplitude and spatial period discrimination in sinusoidal gratings by dynamic touch, Perception, 30, 1263-1274, 2001.

Nefs, H.T., A.M.L. Kappers, J.J. Koenderink, Tactual discrimination of sinusoidal gratings by active dynamic touch, in: Studies in Perception and Action VI, G Burton, R.C. Schmidt (eds.), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., London, 29-32, 2001.

Te Pas S.F., A.M.L. Kappers, First-order structure induces the 3-D curvature contrast effect, Vision Research, 41, 3829-3835, 2001.

Todd, J.T., A.H.J. Oomes, J.J. Koenderink, A.M.L. Kappers, On the affine structure of perceptual space, Psychological Science, 12 (3), 191-196, 2001.

Van Doorn A.J., J.J. Koenderink, H. de Ridder, Pictorial space correspondence in photographs of an object in different poses, in: Human Vision and Electronic Imaging VI, B.E. Rogowitz, T.N. Pappas (eds.), SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering, Bellingham, 321-329, 2001.

Vogels I.M.L.C., A.M.L. Kappers, J.J. Koenderink, Haptic after-effect of successively touched curved surfaces, Acta Psychologica 106, 247-263, 2001.

2002 (refereed) Bouman M.A., Spatio-temporal configuration dependent pairing of nerve events in dark- adapted human vision, Journal of the Optical Society of America A, Vol. 19, 241-253, 2002.

Bouman M.A., De Vries-Weber gain control and dark adaptation in human vision, Journal of the Optical Society of America A, Vol. 19, 254-265, 2002.

155 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 5 : Physics of Man: Human Perception Program Leader : Prof. dr. J.J. Koenderink

Cuijpers R.H., A.M.L. Kappers, J.J. Koenderink, Visual perception of collinearity, Perception & Psychophysics, 64 (3), 392-404, 2002.

Kappers, A.M.L., Haptic perception of parallelity in the midsagittal plane, Acta Psychologica, 109, 25-40, 2002.

Kappers, A.M.L., J.J. Koenderink, Continuum of haptic space, In: Unfolding Perceptual Continua, L. Albertazzi (ed.), John Benjamins Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 163-180, 2002.

Koenderink J.J., Comment on Visual Acuity by Christopher L. Andreadis, Visual Impairment Research, 3 (2), 59-65, 2002.

Koenderink J.J., Continua in vision, In: Unfolding Perceptual Continua, L. Albertazzi (ed.), John Benjamins Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 101-118, 2002.

Koenderink J.J., Guest editorial: The head and the hands, Perception, 31, 1033-1036, 2002.

Koenderink J.J., Guest editorial: Levels of explanation, Perception, 31, 517-520, 2002.

Koenderink J.J., A generic framework for image geometry, In: Applications of geometric algebra in computer science and engineering, L. Dorst, C. Doran, J. Lasenby (eds.), Birkhäuser, Boston, 319-332, 2002.

Koenderink J.J., A.J. van Doorn, Image processing done right, Proceedings European Conference on Computer Vision, 158-172, 2002.

Koenderink J.J., S.C. Pont, Texture at the terminator, Proceedings First INternational Symposium on 3D Data Processing Visualization and Transmission, G.M. Cortelazzo, C. Guerra (eds.), 406-415, 2002.

Koenderink J.J., A.J. van Doorn, A.M.L. Kappers, J.S. Lappin, Large scale visual frontoparallels under full cue conditions, Perception, 31, 1467-1475, 2002.

Koenderink J.J., A.J. van Doorn, A.M.L. Kappers, J.T. Todd, Pappus in optical space, Perception & Psychophysics, 64 (3), 380-391, 2002.

Lankheet M.J.M., A.J. van Doorn, W.A. van de Grind, Spatio-temporal tuning of motion coherence detection at different luminance levels, Vision Research, 42, 65-73, 2002.

Louw S., A.M.L. Kappers, J.J. Koenderink, Haptic discrimination of geometrical object features, Experimental Brain Research, 146, 32-37, 2002.

156 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 5 : Physics of Man: Human Perception Program Leader : Prof. dr. J.J. Koenderink

Louw S., A.M.L. Kappers, J.J. Koenderink, Active haptic detection and discrimination of shape, Perception & Psychophysics, 64, 1108-1119, 2002.

Nefs H.T., A.M.L. Kappers, J.J. Koenderink, Frequency discrimination between and within line gratings by dynamic touch, Perception & Psychophysics, 64 (6), 969-980, 2002.

Pont S.C., J.J. Koenderink, Bidirectional reflectance distribution function of specular surfaces with hemispherical pits, Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 19,2456- 2466, 2002.

Pont S.C., J.J. Koenderink, Bidirectional texture contrast function, Proceedings European Conference on Computer Vision, 808-822, 2002.

Pont S.C., J.J. Koenderink, Split off-specular reflection and surface scattering from woven materials, Applied Optics-IP, Vol. 42, 1526-1533, 2003.

Schoumans N., A.M.L. Kappers, J.J. Koenderink, Pointing in near space under influence of context, Acta Psychologica, 110, 63-81, 2002.

Zuidhoek S., A.M.L. Kappers, R.H.J. van der Lubbe, A. Postma, Delay improves performance on a haptic spatial matching task, Experimental Brain Research, 149, 320-330, 2003.

2002 (submitted to a refereed journal and not yet published as of 31 December 2002) Cuijpers R.H., A.M.L. Kappers, J.J. Koenderink, The metrics of visual and haptic space based on parallelity judgements, Journal of Mathematical Psychology.

Kappers, A.M.L., Consistency of haptic space, Perception & Psychophysics.

Kappers, A.M.L., J.J. Koenderink, Analysis of the large deviations found in a bimanual parallelity task, Acta Psychologica.

Kappers, A.M.L., J.J. Koenderink, Analysis of the large deviations in a bimanual parallelity task, Proceedings Touch, Blindness and Neuroscience, 2002.

Koenderink J.J., Schopenhauer's "parts of daylight" in the light of modern colorimetry, In: Normal and defective colour vision, J.D. Mollon, J. Pokorny, K. Knoblauch (eds.), Oxford University Press, Oxford, 251-266, 2003.

Koenderink J.J., Image space, Conference on mathematics on shape, R. Ablamowicz, J. Ryan, (eds.), Birkhäuser, Cookeville, 2002.

Koenderink J.J., A.J. van Doorn, Shape and shading, Chapter, MIT Press.

157 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 5 : Physics of Man: Human Perception Program Leader : Prof. dr. J.J. Koenderink

Koenderink J.J., A.J. van Doorn, Perspectives on color space, Chapter in book ZIF, Bielefeld, 1999.

J.J. Koenderink, A.J. van Doorn, Pictorial space, In: Looking into pictures; an interdisciplinary approach to pictorial space, H. Hecht, R. Schwartz, M. Atherton (eds.), MIT Press, Cambridge, 239-299, 2003.

Koenderink J.J., A.J. van Doorn, Local structure of Gaussian texture, Journal of the Institute of Electronics Information and Communication Engineers.

Koenderink J.J., A.J. van Doorn, J.S. Lappin, Exocentric pointing to opposite targets, Acta Psychologica, 112, 71-87, 2003.

Koenderink J.J., Guest editorial: Another Babel, Perception, 32, 391-394, 2003.

Koenderink J.J., S.C. Pont, The secret of velvety skin, Machine Vision and Applications.

Koenderink J.J., A.J. van Doorn, Display-RGB-color space, Image and Vision Computing.

Koenderink J.J., A.J. van Doorn, Objective mensuration of the color circle, J. Opt. Soc. A.

Koenderink J.J., A.J. van Doorn, A.M.L. Kappers, S.F. te Pas, S.C. Pont, Illumination direction from texture shading, J. Opt. Soc. A.

Koenderink J.J., A.J. van Doorn, A.M.L. Kappers, J.T. Todd, Pointing out of the picture, Perception.

Nefs H.T., A.M.L. Kappers, J.J. Koenderink, Intermanual and intramanual tactual discrimination of gratings, Neuropsychologia.

Nefs H.T., A.M.L. Kappers, J.J. Koenderink, Detection of amplitude modulation and frequency modulation in tactual gratings: A critical bandwith for active touch, Perception.

Philips F., J.T. Todd, J.J. Koenderink, A.M.L. Kappers, Perceptual representation of visible surfaces, Perception & Psychophysics.

Pont S.C., J.J. Koenderink, When superpositions of specular and diffuse reflectance don’t look glossy, Computer Vision and Image Understanding.

Pont S.C., J.J. Koenderink, Bidirectional Texture Contrast Function, International Journal of Computer Vision.

Roessingh J.J.M., J.J. Koenderink, A.M.L. Kappers, Complex skill acquisition and the linear learning curve, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition.

158 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 5 : Physics of Man: Human Perception Program Leader : Prof. dr. J.J. Koenderink

Roessingh J.J.M., J.J. Koenderink, A.M.L. Kappers, Acquisition of complex skills – What does the learning curve tell us?, Cognitive Psychology.

Roessingh J.J.M., A.M.L. Kappers, J.J. Koenderink, A model for transfer between part-tasks in complex skill training, In: Proceedings Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Europe Chapter, Dortmund, Germany, Oct. 2002.

Te Pas S.F., J.J. Koenderink, Visual discrimination of spectral distributions, Vision Research

Todd J.T., A. Oomes, J.J. Koenderink, A.M.L. Kappers, The perception of doubly curved surfaces form anisotropic textures, Psychological Science.

Zuidhoek S., A.M.L. Kappers, M.L. Noordzij, R.H.J. van der Lubbe, A. Postma, Frames of reference in a haptic parallelity task: Temporal dynamics and the possible role of vision, Proceedings Touch, Blindness and Neuroscience, 2002.

159 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 5 : Physics of Man: Human Perception Program Leader : Prof. dr. J.J. Koenderink

160 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 6 : Perceptual – Motor Integration Program Leader : Prof. dr. C.J. Erkelens

2. Documentation per research program

Title of the program Perceptual – Motor Integration

Program leader Prof. dr. C.J. Erkelens Directors Helmholtz Institute Prof. dr. E. H. F. de Haan (from 2001) Prof. dr. C. J. Erkelens (until 2001)

Starting date of the program Formally this program was established when the Research Institute was created in 2001. However, the research in this program dates back from before 1996.

Research area and mission Vision, binocular vision, stereopsis, eye movements, visual search, visuo-motor interaction, bi-manual coordination. The study of perception and motor control is used to further our understanding on how the human brain works. Biophysical, psychophysical and mathematical tools and methods are employed for this purpose.

Formal affiliations outside Helmholtz Institute for Autonomous Systems Research the Research Institute

2.1. Leadership The program leader has the overall responsibility for the program, both with respect to the quality and the cohesion of the research and with respect to the budget that is provided by the Faculty. He is responsible for the internal coordination and cooperation within the program, for organizing the human resources and for maintaining and developing the external contacts. This is in close collaboration with other project leader. Together with the leaders of the other research programs he discusses the general policies of the Research Institute at regular meetings and makes recommendations to the director. The program leader represents the program in the planning and control session that is organized by the Faculty Board once a year, where the plans and budget request for the coming year are presented. The presentations form the basis for the budget allocations made by the Faculty Board for the subsequent year. See also: Part A, 1.2.

2.2. Strategy and policy The Perceptual – Motor Integration (PMI) program is embedded in the Helmholtz Institute, a multi-disciplinary institute whose research focuses on perception and motor behavior of human beings and animals. The program contributed to “Information Processing in Autonomous Systems” (VSNU - Quality assessment of research; an analysis of physics in the Dutch universities in the nineties, 1996).

161 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 6 : Perceptual – Motor Integration Program Leader : Prof. dr. C.J. Erkelens

During the last decade the focus of research has shifted from human motor control in general to oculomotor control within the context of (binocular) vision and active vision (vision in dynamic conditions). In 1996, the VSNU review committee evaluated this change as a positive development. In the last seven years the strategic change has proven to be successful for several reasons. 1) By studying eye movements and vision, we can gain fundamental insight in brain processes involved in perception and motor control because of the fact that the relationship between perception and motor behavior is extremely tight in (binocular) vision. 2) Much has become known about the neurophysiology of vision and oculomotor control, making it both possible and challenging to couple function (vision, eye movements) to structure (neurons and neural networks). 4) Brain imaging techniques help us to get better insight in perceptual – motor integration. Vision and eye movements are studied more easily with these techniques than body and limb movements. 5) The program fits seamlessly into the Helmholtz Institute and is related closer than before to the other Helmholtz programs. The shift has enhanced exchanges of ideas and possibilities for collaboration (see 2.3).

Two achievements of the Helmholtz Institute have been of particular importance for the program. 1) In 1999, Utrecht University has awarded the Helmholtz Institute with a five-year grant (“Breedtestrategie”) to strengthen its efforts in bridging the gap between neural and systems levels of knowledge in the field of cognitive neuroscience. The Faculty of Physics and Astronomy has endorsed and enforced the initiative by increasing the number of staff working on the PMI program by one full-time equivalent. Dr. R. van Ee has taken this position as from October 2001. 2) In 2000, the Helmholtz Institute participated in the establishment of the F.C. Donders Center for Cognitive Neuro-imaging. The center, located at Nijmegen Universtity, is the first brain-imaging center in the Netherlands that is fully devoted to fundamental research in the field of cognitive science. As one of the co-founders, we can run functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (FMRI) and Magneto-encephalographic (MEG) experiments at this center without additional costs.

In the coming years we will work on challenging problems that involve several aspects of perceptual-motor integration. One of the main goals is to produce results and ideas on the perceptual and behavioral level of perceptual-motor integration that help to interpret the findings at the level of single neurons. To increase our knowledge of neural behavior on a coarser scale we will use the fMRI and MEG brain-imaging techniques. Three problems are described here in some detail.

Binding of attributes in (binocular) vision Much anatomical, physiological, clinical and psychophysical evidence has accumulated, supporting the idea that different components of visual information processing are segregated into largely independent parallel channels. The general view is that attributes like form, motion, color and depth are processed by different subdivisions of the visual cortex and that they are bound together to form meaningful objects below the level of conscious perception. How binding occurs in the brain is a yet unsolved problem, known as the “the binding problem”. We have developed a new technique to study the binding problem at the perceptual level. The applied technique capitalizes on the fact that the neural processing of texture, color, motion and disparity show different dynamics.

162 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 6 : Perceptual – Motor Integration Program Leader : Prof. dr. C.J. Erkelens

A new view on binocular vision Binocular vision is a capacity that man shares with many animal species. However stereopsis, which is the ability to extract depth from two correlated retinal images, is present only in man and a few animal species. In the course of evolution three specialized neural systems have developed which form the foundation of stereopsis. 1) A detection system of interocular correlation. This system solves the problem of determining which features in one retinal image correspond to which features in the other (called the correspondence or matching problem). 2) A disparity-driven control system of vergence eye movements. 3) A perceptual system. If the correspondence problem has been solved successfully and disparities have been reduced to a minimum by vergence eye movements, this system interprets the remaining disparities in combination with other signals in terms of distance and depth. We will study the relationship between these three systems by investigating their dynamics and their responses to temporal fluctuations in binocular correspondence.

Depth cue combination, will-power, and conscious perception So far, insights in conscious perception stem mainly from binocular rivalry studies in which visual perception alternates in a more or less spontaneous way. The strength of these studies is that brain activity related to (alternating) perception can be dissociated from brain activity related to the (constant) retinal stimulus. The spontaneous nature of the alternations limits the interpretation of the results. Recently, we discovered stimuli in which observers are able to select either a monocular- or a binocular-dominated percept. More interestingly, observers are able to flip at will between the two percepts in a well-controlled way. These features open up the possibility to study neural correlates of conscious perception and will-power. In several computational studies we try to explore potentially underlying mechanisms. In fMRI studies at the FC Donders Center we hope to identify the neural structures. We will collaborate on this topic with Prof. Tong of Princeton University, an expert on binocular rivalry and fMRI.

2.3. Processes in research, internal and external collaboration The program is carried out by a group of enthusiastic researchers. The progress in research of PhD and undergraduate students, postdocs and staff are discussed formally on a weekly basis and informally almost everyday. The atmosphere is open encouraging involvement and contributions of the younger and less experienced students. Another effect of open discussions is that dead ends and methodological flaws are recognized as early as possible. PhD students and postdocs are trained and encouraged to present their work at different levels: 1) at weekly seminars (together with the program “Human Perception”), 2) at PhD meetings of the Helmholtz Institute (four times a year) and 3) at national and international conferences (at least twice during the training).

Team members are encouraged to engage in national and international collaborations. Currently there are external collaborations with: - Dept.of Psychonomics, Helmholtz Institute (joint supervision of PhD project) - Dept. of Neurobiology, Helmholtz Institute (joint postdoc project) - Neuroscience Institute, Erasmus University Rotterdam and Nijmegen Institute for Cognition and Information (joint project involving 4 PhD projects)

163 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 6 : Perceptual – Motor Integration Program Leader : Prof. dr. C.J. Erkelens

- Institute of Human Affairs, TNO - TM, Soesterberg (joint supervision of PhD and undergraduate projects) - F.C. Donders Institute, University of Nijmegen (brain-imaging projects under supervision of principle investigators) - Faculty of Psychology, University of Glasgow (joint publication) - INSERM, Espace et Action, Lyon (joint publication) - School of Optometry, University of California at Berkeley (joint publications) - Faculty of Brain and Cognitive Science, MIT (joint publications)

2.4. Academic reputation C.J. Erkelens: - First director of the Helmholtz Institute. - Elected organizer and chairperson of the Tenth European Conference on Eye Movements (ECEM10), Utrecht, 1999 - Invited organizer of the international symposium “Eye movements and Vision in the Natural World”, held at the KNAW, Amsterdam, 2000 - Member of the editorial board of Vision Research (from 1997)

R. van Ee: - Five-year NWO-grant for the development of a research program: 2001 - 2006 - Research fellow of the KNAW: 1999 – 2001 - NWO Talent Stipends: June 1996 - June 1997, June 1997 - May 1999

2.5. Internal evaluation and analysis, perspectives and expectations for the research program Strengths. The research performed in the program has strong internal coherence and there is an open atmosphere for discussions. By combining computational, biomechanical, psychophysical and brain-imaging approaches, the program contributes in an internationally unique way to the fields of vision and oculomotor control. The group has proved to be successful in acquiring national funding. Additional funds, provided by Utrecht University and the Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, enable development and incorporation of new techniques.

Weaknesses. The program was rather poorly visible for good-quality students and future researcher in the disciplinary organized doctoral system. It seems possible that the conversion to the bachelor-master system may solve this problem. The first signs are promising.

Opportunities. The increased scientific interest in cognitive neuroscience in general and conscious perception in particular provides funding opportunities for the program. The recent trend in cognitive science to relate cognition to neural mechanisms will give the program a more central position in the field. The recent availability of brain-imaging facilities at the F.C. Donders Center and the additional funds increase the program’s technical and computational possibilities.

164 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 6 : Perceptual – Motor Integration Program Leader : Prof. dr. C.J. Erkelens

Threats. There are no specific threats for the program in the near future.

Analysis. The long-term change of focus of research that we started in the nineties has worked out well. The group increased from two to three staff members, which renders the group less vulnerable and helps to further increase impact and visibility in the near future.

2.6. External validation The principle goal of the program is to get a better understanding of how the human visual and oculomotor systems work. In addition, the acquired knowledge will have interesting practical consequences. Biological systems have evolved very robust mechanisms to serve vision-guided navigation, so a better understanding of how such systems accomplish this task should lead to better algorithms for automated systems. For instance, knowledge of stereopsis may be used in medical diagnostics to integrate two images obtained by different imaging modalities (X-ray and MRI). A better understanding of how the visual system perceives the layout of a 3D scene will lead to improved visual aids such as helmet-mounted displays, virtual environments, night-vision goggles and low-vision aids. Another application of knowledge on human binocular vision will be its implementation in navigating robots, which can produce information about places where human beings cannot or do not wish to go. Finally, we are entering an information-technology period in which 3D visual information will play a preponderant role in human-machine interaction.

2.7 Researchers and other personnel The efficiency of the PhD program can be deduced from a comparison of the relevant number of PhD theses during the review period to the total number of fte’s for PhD students listed in table 3 divided by 3.6. These numbers are 6 and 5.8, respectively, indicating that the efficiency is excellent. During the review period 1 student has dropped out from the PhD program.

Table 3: Perceptual-Motor Integration Research staff at program level Name and present title ‘96 ‘97 ‘98 ‘99 ‘00 ‘01 ‘02

Full professor C. Erkelens 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,6 Assistant professors E.J. Nijhof 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,6 R.van Ee 0,15 0,6 Total tenured staff 1,20 1,20 1,20 1,20 1,20 1,35 1,80

Post-doctoral fellows K. Hol 1,00 R. van Ee 0,75 1,00 0,75 PhD students Total 1,8 2,16 2,7 2,7 3,06 3,84 4,50 Total non tenured staff 1,80 2,16 2,70 3,45 4,06 5,59 4,50

Total research staff 3,00 3,36 3,90 4,65 5,26 6,94 6,30 This table represents the actual fraction of the fte available for research, the research input of all personnel is quantified on the basis of a fixed standard for each function: full professors 60% associate professors (SDO) 60% assistant professors (DO) 60%

165 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 6 : Perceptual – Motor Integration Program Leader : Prof. dr. C.J. Erkelens

post-doctoral fellows 100% PhD students (AIO/OIO’s) 90% The research input is calculated in proportion to the size of the appointment of the researcher involved. In exceptional cases when a staff member has performed duties that have taken up an extra-proportional amount of time, the percentage of time for research has been adapted.

2.8. Resources, funding and facilities External funds in 2002 - “Breedtestrategie”, five-year UU grant for strengthening the program (1998 - 2003) - Five-year NWO-grant for the development of a research program (2001 - 2006) - Geometry of binocular motor space, PhD project, NWO/ALW (1998 - 2002) - Perception and action: Two sides of the same coin? NWO/MagW (2000 - 2004) - Disparity detection subserving stereopsis and vergence eye movements NWO/ALW (2000 - 2004) - Visual search, detection and conspicuity, PhD project, TNO/TM (2001 – 2005)

Facilities - Recording equipment for eye movement: one invasive system (Skalar, system 3000); two non-invasive systems (EyeLink and ET4) - Free measuring time in the newly established F.C. Donders brain-imaging research facility at Nijmegen University for the coming five years

Data: Table 4a Perceptual – Motor Integration Funding at program level in K€ Funding 1996 19971998 1999 2000 2001 2002 97-02 average

Direct funding 238 282 268 362 470 430 341 Research funds 0 0 9 37 63 143 140 65 Contracts 0 020 0 0 24 24 11 Other

Total 238 311 305 425 637 594 418 Table 4a: The funding of the program during the evaluation period in k€.

166 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 6 : Perceptual – Motor Integration Program Leader : Prof. dr. C.J. Erkelens

Table 4b Perceptual – Motor Integration Funding at program level in % Funding 1996 19971998 1999 2000 2001 2002 97-02 average

Direct funding 100% 91% 88% 85% 74% 72% 82% Research funds 0% 3% 12% 15% 22% 24% 16% Contracts 0%6% 0% 0% 4% 4% 3% Other

Total 100%100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Table 4b: The funding of the program during the evaluation period in %. For an explanation see Research Institute documentation.

We are successful in acquiring national funds (apart from two staff members, the program members are paid by external funds). We collaborate with several prestigious groups in the US (Berkeley, MIT, Princeton, Bethesda). We are frequently asked to serve as evaluators for international research programs (NSF, AFOSR, Wellcome Trust).

2.9. Overview of the results 1. Key publications 1. Ee R. van & Richards W. (2002) A planar and a volumetric test for stereoanomaly. Perception, 31, 51-64.

2. Ee R. van & Anderson B.L. (2001) Motion direction, speed, and orientation in binocular matching. Nature, 410, 690-694.

3. Adams W.J., Banks M.S. & Ee R. van (2001) Adaptation to three-dimensional distortions in human vision. Nature Neuroscience, 4, 1063-1064

4. Ee R. van & Schor C.M. (2000) Unconstrained stereoscopic matching of lines. Vision Research, 40, 151-162.

5. Erkelens C.J. & Ee R. van (1998) A computational model of depth perception based on headcentric disparity. Vision Research, 38, 2999-3018.

6. Epelboim J., Steinman R.M., Kowler E., Pizlo Z., Erkelens C.J. & Collewijn H. (1997) Gaze-shift dynamics in two kinds of sequential looking tasks. Vision Research, 37, 2597- 2607.

2. Dissertations 1996: P.J.N. Bronkhorst (category 1) Red cell deformability promotor: Prof. dr. J.J. Sixma (UvA) co-promotor: Dr.ir. E.J. Nijhof

167 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 6 : Perceptual – Motor Integration Program Leader : Prof. dr. C.J. Erkelens

1996: I.Th.C. Hooge (category 1) Control of eye movement in visual search promotor: Prof. dr. C.J. Erkelens

1999: J.J. Boessenkool (category 1) Moving two hands: Common versus independent control promotor: Prof. dr. C.J. Erkelens co-promotor: Dr.ir. E.J. Nijhof

1999: S.M. McNab (category 1) Writing for impact in the sciences promotors: Prof. dr. C.J. Erkelens Prof. dr. J.A.R.A.M. van Hooff (UU Biology) Prof. dr. L.A. Segel (Math. & Comp. Science) Prof. dr. C.J. Spiers (Earth Sciences)

2001: E.M. Berends (category 1) Depth perception and adaptation to disparity promotor: Prof. dr. C.J. Erkelens

2002: A.R. Koene (category 1) Eye mechanics and their implications for eye movement control promotor: Prof. dr. C.J. Erkelens .

3. Numerical Overview of the results Table 5 Program results: output numbers ‘96‘97 ‘98 ‘99 ‘00 ‘01 ‘02 Total

1. Academic publications a. In refereed 1257948 8 10* 63 Journals b. other 020111 * 5 publications Total 127 7 10 5 9 8 10 68

2. PhD theses 200201 1 6

*Submitted and not yet published as of 31 December 2002

4. Full list of publications (1996-2002) 1996 (refereed) Boessenkool J.J., Nijhof E.J. & Erkelens C.J. (1996) On the curvature of goal-directed hand movements. Proceedings of Biomechanics and Neural Control of Movement, Mt. Sterling, Ohio, pp. 8-9.

168 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 6 : Perceptual – Motor Integration Program Leader : Prof. dr. C.J. Erkelens

Bronkhorst P.J.H., Nijhof E.J. and Sixma J.J. (1996) Parametrization of the deformation curve as a tool for standardization and interpretation of ektacytometric measurements, Clin. Hemorheology, 15, 803-816.

Bronkhorst P.J.H., Berends G, Hardeman M.R., Nijhof E.J. and Sixma J.J. (1996) Measurement of red cell deformability in plasma compared with buffer as suspending medium, Clin. Hemorheology, 16, 151-163.

Erkelens C.J. & Hooge I.Th.C. (1996) The role of peripheral vision in visual search. Journal of Videology, 1, 1-8.

Erkelens C.J., Muijs A.J.M. & Ee R. van (1996) Binocular alignment in different depth planes. Vision Research, 36, 2141-2147.

Hooge I.Th.C. & Erkelens C.J. (1996) Control of fixation duration in a simple search task. Perception & Psychophysics, 58, 969-976.

Hooge I.T.C., Boessenkool J.J. & Erkelens C.J. (1996) Stimulus analysis times measured from saccadic responses. Proceedings of EWEP4, Zeist, Delft University Press, pp. 37-40.

Koken Ph.W., Jonker H.J.J. & Erkelens C.J. (1996) A model of the human smooth pursuit system based on an unsupervised adaptive controller. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics - Part A: Systems and Humans, 26, 275-280.

Nijhof E.J. (1996) Simulation of multi-joint arm movements. International Conference on Mechanics in Medicine and Biology, pp. 478-481, Ljubljana, Slovenia.

Van Ee R. & Erkelens C.J. (1996) Temporal aspects of binocular slant perception. Vision Research, 36, 43-51.

Van Ee R. & Erkelens C.J. (1996) Anisotropy in Werner’s binocular depth-contrast effect. Vision Research, 36, 2253-2262.

Van Ee R. & Erkelens C.J. (1996) Stability of binocular depth perception with moving head and eyes. Vision Research, 36, 3827-3849.

1997 (refereed) Banks M.S., Ee R. van & Backus B.T. (1997) The computation of binocular visual direction: A re-examination of Mansfield and Legge (1996). Vision Research, 37, 1605-1610.

Collewijn H., Erkelens C.J. & Steinman R.M. (1997) Trajectories of the human binocular fixation point during conjugate and non-conjugate gaze-shifts. Vision Research, 37, 1049- 1069.

Epelboim J., Steinman R.M., Kowler E., Pizlo Z., Erkelens C.J. & Collewijn H. (1997) Gaze-shift dynamics in two kinds of sequential looking tasks. Vision Research, 37, 2597- 2607.

169 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 6 : Perceptual – Motor Integration Program Leader : Prof. dr. C.J. Erkelens

Erkelens C.J. & Ee R. van (1997) Capture of visual direction: an unexpected phenomenon in binocular vision. Vision Research, 37, 1193-1196.

Erkelens C.J. & Ee R. van (1997) Capture of visual direction of monocular objects by adjacent binocular objects. Vision Research, 37, 1735-1745.

1998 (refereed) Boessenkool J.J., Nijhof E.J. & Erkelens C.J. (1998) A comparison of curvatures of left and right hand movements in a simple pointing task. Experimental Brain Research, 120, 369- 376.

Erkelens C.J. & Hooge I.T.C. (1998) Eye movements and peripheral vision in visual search. Vision’96, Proceedings of the International Conference on Low Vision, ONCE, Madrid, Book I, pp. 300-307.

Erkelens C.J. & Ee R. van (1998) A computational model of depth perception based on headcentric disparity. Vision Research, 38, 2999-3018.

Hooge I.Th.C. & Erkelens C.J. (1998) Adjustment of fixation duration in visual search. Vision Research, 38, 1295-1302.

Jonker H.J.J., Coolen A.C.C. & Denier van der Gon J.J. (1998) Autonomous development of decorrelation filters in neural networks with recurrent inhibition. Network: Computation of Neural Systems, 9, 345-362.

Van Ee R.& Erkelens C.J. (1998) Temporal aspects of stereoscopic slant estimation: An evaluation and extension of Howard and Kaneko’s theory. Vision Research, 38, 3871-3882.

Van Leeuwen A.F., Collewijn H. & Erkelens C.J. (1998) Dynamics of horizontal vergence movements: interactions with horizontal and vertical saccades and relation with monocular preferences. Vision Research, 38, 3943-3954.

1999 (refereed) Abbink J.H., Bilt A. van der, Bosman F., Glas H.W. van der, Erkelens C.J. & Klaassen M.F.H. (1999) Comparison of external load compensation during rhythmic arm movements and rhythmic jaw movements in humans. Journal of Neurophysiology, 82, 1209-1217.

Backus B.T., Banks M.S., van Ee R. & Crowell J.A. (1999) Horizontal and vertical disparity, eye position, and stereoscopic slant perception. Vision Research, 39, 1143-1170.

Boessenkool J.J., Nijhof E.J. & Erkelens C.J. (1999) Variability and correlations in bi- manual pointing movements. Human Movement Science, 18, 525-552.

Erkelens C.J. (1999) Pursuit-dependent distribution of vergence among the two eyes. In: “Current Oculomotor Research: Physiological and Psychological Aspects”. Editors: W. Becker, H. Deubel & T. Mergner; pp. 145-152, Plenum, New York.

170 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 6 : Perceptual – Motor Integration Program Leader : Prof. dr. C.J. Erkelens

Hooge I.Th.C. & Erkelens C.J. (1999) Peripheral vision and oculomotor control during visual search. Vision Research, 39, 1567-1575.

Van Ee R.& Erkelens C.J. (1999) The influence of large scanning eye movements in stereoscopic slant estimation. Vision Research, 39, 467-479.

Van Ee R., Banks M.S. & Backus B.T. (1999) An analysis of binocular slant contrast. Perception, 28, 1121-1145.

Van Ee R., Banks M.S. & Backus B.T. (1999) Perceived visual direction near an occluder. Vision Research, 39, 4085-4097.

Van Groeningen C.J.J.E., Nijhof E.J., Vermeule F.M. & Erkelens C.J. (2000) Relation between torque history, firing frequency, decruitment levels and force balance in two flexors of the elbow. Experimental Brain Research, 129, 592-604.

2000 (refereed) Erkelens C.J. (2000) Perceived direction during monocular viewing is based on signals of the viewing eye only. Vision Research, 40, 2411-2419.

Nijhof E.J. & Kouwenhoven E. (2000) Simulation of multi-joint arm movements. In “Biomechanics and Neural Control of Posture and Movement” Ed. Winters J.M. & Crago P.E., Springer-Verlag, New York, pp. 363-372.

Van Ee R.& Erkelens C.J. (2000) Is there an interaction between perceived direction and perceived aspect ratio in stereoscopic vision? Perception & Psychophysics, 62, 910-926.

Van Ee R. & Schor C.M. (2000) Unconstrained stereoscopic matching of lines. Vision Research, 40, 151-162.

2001 (refereed) Adams W.J., Banks M.S. & Ee R. van (2001) Adaptation to three-dimensional distortions in human vision. Nature Neuroscience, 4, 1063-1064.

Berends E.M. & Erkelens C.J. (2001) Strengths of depth effects induced by three types of vertical disparity. Vision Research, 41, 37-45.

Berends E.M. & Erkelens C.J. (2001) Adaptation to disparity, but not to perceived depth. Vision Research, 41, 883-892.

Erkelens C.J. (2001) Organisation of signals involved in binocular perception and vergence control. Vision Research, 41, 3497-3503.

Nijhof E.J. (2001) (In)dependent limbs during discrete bi-manual movements. Acta Physiol. Pharmacol. Bulg., 26, 189-192.

171 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 6 : Perceptual – Motor Integration Program Leader : Prof. dr. C.J. Erkelens

Van Ee R. (2001) Perceptual learning without feedback and the stability of stereoscopic slant estimation. Perception, 30, 95-114.

Van Ee R. & Anderson B.L. (2001) Motion direction, speed, and orientation in binocular matching. Nature, 410, 690-694.

Van Ee R, Anderson B.L. & Farid H. (2001) Occlusion junctions do not improve stereoacuity. Spatial Vision, 15, 45-59.

2002 (refereed) Berends E.M., van Ee R. & Erkelens C.J. (2002) Vertical disparity can alter perceived direction. Perception 31, 1323-1333.

Erkelens C.J. & van Ee R. (2002) The role of the cyclopean eye in vision: sometimes inappropriate, always irrelevant. Vision Research 42, 1157-1163.

Erkelens C.J. & van Ee R. (2002) Multi-coloured stereograms unveil two binocular colour mechanisms in human vision. Vision Research 42, 1103-1112.

Koene A.R. & Erkelens C.J. (2002) Cause of kinematic differences during centrifugal and centripetal saccades. Vision Research 42, 1797-1808.

Van Ee R. & Richards W. (2002) A planar and a volumetric test for stereoanomaly. Perception 31, 51-64.

Van Ee, R., van Dam, L. C. J., & Erkelens, C. J. (2002) Bi-stability in perceived slant when binocular disparity and monocular perspective specify different slants. Journal of Vision, 2(9), 597-607, http://journalofvision.org/2/9/2/, DOI 10.1167/2.9.2.

Van Ee R.: Correlation between stereoanomaly and perceived depth when disparity and motion interact in binocular matching. Perception, 32, 67-84.

Van Ee R. & L.C.J. van Dam: The influence of cyclovergence on unconstrained stereoscopic matching. Vision Research, 43, 307-319

2002 (submitted in refereed journal and not yet published as of 31 December 2002) Boessenkool J.J., Nijhof E.J. & Erkelens C.J.(2002): Coordination of loaded bi-manual movements. Journal of Human Movement.

Boessenkool J.J., Nijhof E.J. & Erkelens C.J.(2002): Coordination of discrete bi-manual movements with temporal and spatial constraints at the end. Journal of Motor Behavior.

Both M.H., Ee R. van & Erkelens C.J. (2003). Illusory slant influences binocular saccadic eye movements. (submitted)

172 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 6 : Perceptual – Motor Integration Program Leader : Prof. dr. C.J. Erkelens

Dam L.C.J. van & Ee R. van (2003). Stereoscopic matching and the aperture problem. (submitted).

Erkelens C.J.(2002): Perceptual mismatches between pattern, motion and form-from-motion in human vision. Vision Research.

Erkelens C.J., Gheorghiu E. and van Ee R.(2002): The binding of stereoscopic depth to “where” and “what” in human vision. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

Gheorghiu E. & Erkelens C.J.(2002): Temporal properties of disparity detection revealed by half-dynamic random-dot stereograms. Journal of Neurophysiology.

Hol K., Koene A.R. & Ee R. van (2003). Attention-biased multi-stable surface perception in three-dimensional structure-from-motion. (submitted)

Nijhof E.J.: On-line trajectory modifications of planar, goal-directed arm movements. Human Movement Sciences (in press).

Van Ee R., Adams W. J. & Mamassian P. (2003). Bayesian modeling of cue interaction: bi- stability in stereoscopic slant perception. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, (accepted pending minor revision).

1997- 2002 (other publications) Erkelens C.J. (1997) (Ed.) “Biophysics of Shape”, Spring school of the Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht.

Erkelens C.J. & Ee R. van (1997) Stable stereopsis derived from retinal signals and noisy oculomotor signals. ATR Technical Report, Kyoto, Japan.

Erkelens C.J. (2000) Vision: a matter of measurement and interpretation. Joint Meeting of the NVvM / BVM 2000, Papendal, pp. 54-55.

Kowler E., Erkelens C.J. & Spekreijse H. (2001) (Ed.) “Eye movements and Vision in the Natural World”, Special issue of Vision Research, 41 (25–26), 3213-3625.

173 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 6 : Perceptual – Motor Integration Program Leader : Prof. dr. C.J. Erkelens

174 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 7 : Physics Education Program Leader : Prof. dr. P.L Lijnse

2. Documentation per research program

Title of the program Physics Education

Program leader Prof. dr. P.L. Lijnse

Starting date of the program Formally this program started with the creation of the Research Institute in 2001. However, the research in this program dates back from before 1996.

Research area and mission Education, concept development, curriculum development, teacher training, ICT. This program aims to further the understanding of basic issues related to the quality and effectiveness of secondary physics education. This is done by small-scale curriculum development combined with in-depth studies of content-specific classroom teaching/learning processes. Conceptual and motivational problems of pupils in learning physics, as well as didactical problems of physics teachers are addressed

Formal affiliations outside Center for Science and Mathematics Educations the Research Institute

2.1. Leadership The program leader has the overall responsibility for the program, both with respect to the quality and the cohesion of the research and with respect to the budget that is provided by the Faculty. He is responsible for the internal coordination and cooperation within the program, for organizing the human resources and for maintaining and developing the external contacts. This is in close collaboration with the other chair holder. Together with the leaders of the other research programs he discusses the general policies of the Research Institute at regular meetings and makes recommendations to the director. The program leader represents the program in the planning and control session that is organized by the Faculty Board once a year, where the plans and budget request for the coming year are presented. The presentations form the basis for the budget allocations made by the Faculty Board for the subsequent year. See also: Part A, 1.2.

2.2. Strategy and policy The mission of this program is to get insight into basic issues in secondary physics education and to contribute to the development of research based innovations. The issues of concern are: - the (lack of) motivation of pupils for physics; - the unsatisfactory level of achieved understanding; - the need to update physics curricula as far as new goals and content are concerned; - the need for a further professional development of physics teacher training.

175 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 7 : Physics Education Program Leader : Prof. dr. P.L Lijnse

Research, in which the content and procedures of physics are studied from the point of view of their teachability and learnability, plays an essential role in finding effective ways to address those issues. The activities in this program comprise developmental research, i.e., small-scale curriculum development combined with in depth studies of content specific classroom teaching/learning processes, curriculum studies and curriculum and teacher development projects. The program aims to provide deeper insight into the conceptual and motivational problems of pupils with the learning of physics, as well as in the didactical problems of physics teachers. At the same time, promising theoretical perspectives and exemplary small-scale solutions are developed and tried out. Within the program three main strands can be distinguished, i.e.: 1. Research on the development of an adequate didactics for the teaching of core concepts and skills; 2. Research on the physics curriculum; 3. Research on the training and professional development of physics teachers. Within the international context of trying to find more successful didactical approaches, work in this program has led to the development of a ‘problem posing approach’. This approach distinguishes itself by the view that learning should take place as a process of guided reinvention, which is driven by a developing content-related motivational perspective. The further theoretical foundation and practical elaboration of this approach at the didactical micro- scale is at present and will remain an important topic of research. The curriculum research focuses on the description and evaluation of ‘good teaching practices’ in science and technology education at lower and upper secondary school level, as well as on the introduction of modern physics. The applied research focus in the professional development of teachers lies on finding ways to help them cope with major educational reforms.

In follow up to previous studies on other topics, an innovative problem posing approach on the introduction of mechanics is being developed and tried out. To foster dissemination of this approach, a project will be started, in cooperation with teachers, that aims to develop more easily implementable variations. Another necessary step in its dissemination is that, cooperatively, basic ideas of the developed didactical framework are now also being applied and developed further in mathematics, biology and chemistry teaching. This has already led to a joint NWO-PROO-funded (Dutch Educational Research Council) research project. A new line of research is being started focusing on the problem posing didactics of a computer-supported modeling approach. A first proposal for this topic has been approved by NWO. This line of research is further supported by a curriculum development project (government financed) that is done in cooperation with biology and chemistry educators, aiming at the implementation of computer modeling tools in secondary science education. Research on the professionalization of teachers with respect to their didactical modeling competencies is being planned. A new project is planned (and already partly financed by the KPC (Catholic Pedagogical Center) that aims to work with teachers on how they best can deal with a continuous development of research attitudes and skills of their pupils throughout all of secondary education. The products of two pilot curriculum development projects on the introduction of modern physics in the upper secondary physics curriculum were received so well that a second follow up project has recently been started directed to a broader implementation. Parallel to this latter project, a PhD study has just been started that aims to answer the question as to how a physics

176 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 7 : Physics Education Program Leader : Prof. dr. P.L Lijnse curriculum as a whole should best be structured conceptually, in view of the inclusion of modern quantum ideas. In accordance with the results of two studies to describe problems that relate to a lack of internal and mutual coherence in the teaching of school subjects, the fostering of such coherence will get more attention in future work. This coherence will be an important aspect in new major changes in secondary science education, both at the lower and upper level, that are likely to take place in the near future. We plan to play a major role in the elaboration and implementation of these future innovations.

In 1996 the leader of the program, prof. Hooymayers, retired. His full-time chair was divided in two half-time chairs, with Lijnse and Eijkelhof as his successors. To extend the expertise within the program with regard to the use of ICT in physics teaching, a post doc and a part time staff member have been appointed and a structural cooperation with the Julius School has been established. It is fortunate that our research program is part of the interdisciplinary program of the Utrecht Center for Science and Mathematics Education. This Center is a structural cooperation of the respective groups for physics, biology and chemistry education, the Freudenthal Institute (mathematics education) and IVLOS (the teacher training institute). Our didactical research is of particular importance for the new masters program in Science Education and Communication. Within this program, the sub-specialization on ‘Research and Development in Science Education’ is unique in our country.

2.3. Processes in research, internal and external collaboration The PhD research is of an individual nature (apart from the supervision by senior staff members), but other research and development projects involve several people. A great deal of our staff has a part-time employment elsewhere, either as a teacher or at the teacher training institute. Because of the collaboration within the Center for Science and Math Education, the research environment has sufficient critical mass, with a necessary variety of staff-expertise. In the Physics Education Research Group, apart from a background in physics, this expertise includes didactical and educational research, curriculum development, teacher training and teaching physics at the secondary and tertiary level. Members of the program also have extensive experience with managing larger-scale innovation projects. The Center organizes regular meetings at which PhD students share their experiences and study relevant topics. At other regular meetings, PhD students report on their research, or staff members on matters of more strategic importance. Informal contacts between researchers take place on a daily basis. The program cooperates intensively with secondary school physics teachers, the national curriculum development institute (SLO) and teacher training institutes, to ensure the practical relevance and applicability of its outcomes.

2.4. Academic reputation The program has been asked and will act as main organizers of the fourth international ESERA- conference (European Science Education Research Association) in 2003.

177 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 7 : Physics Education Program Leader : Prof. dr. P.L Lijnse

Klaassen and Lijnse - The paper by C.W.J.M. Klaassen and P.L. Lijnse: Interpreting Students’ and Teachers’ Discourse in Science Classes: An Underestimated Problem? J.R.S.T., 33, pp. 115 – 134, was awarded as the best paper of 1996, published in the Journal of Research in Science Teaching.

Lijnse - Member of the International Committee on Physics Education (IUPAP-ICPE) - Treasurer of European Science Education Research Association (ESERA) - Member of the VSNU Review Committee of Biology Education. - Adjunct professor of physics education till December 2001, occupying the chair established by the ‘Stichting Werkgroep Natuurkunde Didactiek’.

Eijkelhof - Member of the EPS- Forum on Physics Education. - Member of the International Committee of the Portuguese Program Ciencia Viva. - Member of the OECD PISA 2006 Science Forum. - Member of the Advisory Panel of the journals: Physics Education and Physics. Review, and of the NWO-PROO program committee.

2.5. Internal evaluation and analysis, perspectives and expectations for the research program Strengths. The program combines fundamental didactical research with more applied research and curriculum development, for which it is essential that it is done within a department of physics. The focus on the specifics of physics education makes it a center of unique research-based didactical expertise, it has a strong national position and a good international reputation.

Weaknesses. The content-specific focus makes it difficult to get sufficient financial support from general educational funds. Because of the rather small scale it is difficult to develop sufficient momentum for the practical implementation of its research outcomes. This problem is increased by the difference in time scale between outcomes of educational research and developments in educational practice.

Opportunities. The requirements of a future knowledge-based society do ask for high quality up to date science teaching at all levels, and thus for a center of expertise that helps to meet such requirements. Being the only research group on physics education in the Netherlands, the program aspires to this role. The broad reforms in our educational system in general and in physics (and science) teaching in particular, provide new opportunities for maybe excellent contributions. Close collaboration within the Center for Science and Mathematics Education will be of strategic importance, considering the tendency to coordinate and integrate the teaching of the separate science subjects.

Threats. The present threat to the position of physics in the Dutch secondary schools may also turn out to be a threat to this program. Its relatively small scale makes it vulnerable to further budget cuts.

178 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 7 : Physics Education Program Leader : Prof. dr. P.L Lijnse

Analysis. The program’s participation in the Center for Science and Mathematics Education will be further strengthened. This Center has to and will play an active role in the development of the science education reform plans and in their implementation. As a clustered expertise it will increase possibilities to formulate related research proposals and apply for additional funding. This will also be beneficial for getting more NWO-PROO funding.

2.6. External validation Because of the societal importance of physics and thus of physics education, and in view of the basic problems that physics education faces nowadays, the societal relevance of the work in this program is well founded. Professional publications are a necessary way to inform teachers about our activities. Its societal relevance is further reflected in our contacts with physics teachers. We play a central role in the organization of the main annual conference for physics teachers (attracting more than 500 participants). We coordinate the national program for the training of ‘General Science’- teachers (ANW). Our group plays a leading role in developing and implementing government- funded projects that aim to update the physics curriculum. We take regularly part in all kinds of advisory activities (at local, national and international levels) and cooperate with a number of educational organizations, such as SLO (Dutch Foundation for Curriculum Development), APS (General Pedagogical Centre), CITO (Dutch Institute for Test Development), AXIS (Foundation to promote interest in training and education for science and technology), NVON (Dutch Science Teacher Association).

2.7. Researchers and other personnel Our research requires from junior researchers and PhD’s that they have a disciplinary background in physics. As didactical research is different from research in physics, we have to supervise and train them very intensively. Because of the fact that in most of our research they have to be able to interpret Dutch classroom discourse, we are mainly restricted to PhD students that are fluent in Dutch, which makes it more difficult to find PhD students of sufficient quality. During the review period four dissertations were completed, of which only one was written by a regular PhD-student. It took her four extra months to finish her PhD. A part-time teacher, a part-time staff member and a person who did her work in Israel wrote the other three dissertations. No PhD students dropped out during the review period.

179 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 7 : Physics Education Program Leader : Prof. dr. P.L Lijnse

Table 3: Physics Education Research staff at program level Name and present title ‘96 ‘97 ‘98 ‘99 ‘00 ‘01 ‘02 Full professors H.M.C. Eijkelhof 0,13 0,30 0,30 0,30 0,30 0,30 H.P. Hooymayers 0,30 P.L. Lijnse 0,25 0,30 0,30 0,30 0,30 0,30 Associate professors H.M.C. Eijkelhof 0,30 0,18 P.L. Lijnse 0,60 0,35 0,30 0,30 Assistant professors C.W.J.M. Klaassen 0,40 0,40 0,40 0,40 0,40 0,40 0,40 J. Kortland 0,30 0,30 0,30 0,30 0,30 0,30 0,30 A.E. van der Valk 0,20 0,20 0,20 0,20 0,20 0,20 0,20 Total tenured staff 2,10 1,80 1,80 1,80 1,50 1,50 1,50

Postdoctoral Fellow E.R. Savelsbergh 0,08 1,00 0,50 0,50 Veldkamp- 0,92 1,0 0,67 Teekens Part-time staff R.J. Genseberger 0,20 0,20 0,20 0,30 0,40 0,40 0,23 D.J. Hoekzema 0,40 0,40 0,30 0,20 0,50 0,50 A.H. Mooldijk 0,25 0,30 0,30 0,30 G.J. Schooten 0,17 0,40 0,40 PhD students Total 0,60 0,60 0,20 0,30 0,90 1,30 Total non tenured staff 2,12 2,20 1,37 0,63 2,37 3,00 3,23

Total research staff 4,22 4,00 3,17 2,44 3,87 4,50 4,74 This table represents the actual fraction of the fte available for research, the research input of all personnel is quantified on the basis of a fixed standard for each function: full professors 60% associate professors (SDO) 60% assistant professors (DO) 60% post-doctoral fellows 100% PhD students (AIO/OIO’s) 90% The research input is calculated in proportion to the size of the appointment of the researcher involved. In exceptional cases when a staff member has performed duties that have taken up an extra-proportional amount of time, the percentage of time for research has been adapted.

2.8. Resources, funding and facilities Relevant funding agencies are: Ministry of Education, Culture and Science, NWO-PROO, AXIS, and special funds of Utrecht University.

The following projects have been financed from these sources: Curriculum development project for General Science (1994-1997) Teacher development project for General Science (1997-2004) General Science follow up project (2000-2002) Modern Physics Curriculum development Project (1996-1998) Modern Physics follow up project (2000-2002) Modern Physics implementation project (2003-2005) Coordinated Education in Science and Technology (basic level) (2000-2003) Coordinated Education in Science and Technology (upper level) (2001-2003) Curriculum development project for modeling in science education (2000-2003)

180 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 7 : Physics Education Program Leader : Prof. dr. P.L Lijnse

Curriculum project for Active and Timely Learning with ICT (2001-2002) Implementation of the ‘Studiehuis’ in Science and Math Education (1996-2002) Modelling Competencies in Physics Education (2002-2006)

Table 4a Physics Education Funding at program level in K€ Funding 1996 19971998 1999 2000 2001 2002 97-02 average Direct funding 358 427 494 496 623 538 489 Research funds 0 00000 13 2 Contracts 266 394296 316 315 457 506 381 Other

Total 752724 810 811 1.080 1.057 872 Table 4a: The funding of the program during the evaluation period in k€.

Table 4b Physics Education Funding at program level in % Funding 1996 19971998 1999 2000 2001 2002 97-02 average Direct funding 48% 59% 61% 61% 58% 51% 56% Research funds 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 0% Contracts 52%41% 39% 39% 42% 48% 44% Other

Total 100%100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Table 4b: The funding of the program during the evaluation period in %. For an explanation see Research Institute documentation

2.9. Overview of the results 1. Key publications 1. Klaassen, C.W.J.M., P.L. Lijnse Interpreting Students’ and Teachers’ Discourse in Science Classes: An Underestimated Problem?, J.Res.Science Teaching 33 (1996) pp. 115 - 134.

2. Kortland, J. (1997) Garbage: dumping, burning and reusing/recycling: students' perception of the waste issue. International Journal of Science Education, 19, pp. 65- 77.

3. Eijkelhof, H., H. Franssen, T. Houtveen (1998) The changing relation between science and technology education in Dutch secondary education. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 30, 6, pp. 677-690.

181 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 7 : Physics Education Program Leader : Prof. dr. P.L Lijnse

4. Valk, A.E. van der, H.G.B. Broekman (1999) The Lesson Preparation Method: a way of investigating pre-service teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge. European Journal of Teacher Education, 22, 1, pp. 11 - 22.

5. Lijnse, P.L. (2000) Didactics of Science: the forgotten dimension in Science Education Research? In: R. Millar, J. Leach and J. Osborne (eds.) Improving Science Education, Buckingham: Open University Press, pp. 308-326.

2. Dissertations 1997: R.J. Genseberger (category 1) Interesse-georienteerd natuur- en scheikundeonderwijs promotors: Prof. dr. H.P. Hooymayers Prof. dr. P.L. Lijnse co-promotor: Dr. J.M.G. Brekelmans (IVLOS)

1998: M.J.Vollebregt (category 1) A problem posing approach to teaching an initial particle model promotor: Prof. dr. P.L. Lijnse co-promotor: Dr. C.J.W.M. Klaassen

2001: J.Kortland (category 1) A problem-posing approach to teaching decision making about the waste issue promotor: Prof. dr. P.L. Lijnse co-promotor: Dr. C.J.W.M. Klaassen

2002 M.Dressler (category 2) Education in Israel on Collaborative Management of Shared Water Resources promotors: Prof. dr. T. Wubbels (IVLOS) Prof. dr. H.M.C. Eijkelhof co-promotor: Dr. R. Zuzovsky (Tel Aviv University)

3. Numerical Overview of the results Table 5 Program results: output numbers ‘96 ‘97 ‘98 ‘99 ‘00 ‘01 ‘02 Total

1. Academic a. In refereed 653461 1 3* 29 publications Journals

b. other 9867710 2 2* 51 publications Professional 9 11 6 13 12 8 9 70 publications Total 24 24 15 24 25 19 12 5 150

PhD theses 011001 1 4

*Submitted and not yet published as of 31 December 2002

182 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 7 : Physics Education Program Leader : Prof. dr. P.L Lijnse

4. Full list of publications 1996 (refereed) Eijkelhof, H.M.C. (1996) Radiation risk and science education. Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 68, 3/4 pp. 273 - 278.

Klaassen, C.W.J.M., P.L. Lijnse (1996) Interpreting Students’ and Teachers’ Discourse in Science Classes: An Underestimated Problem? J.Res.Science Teaching 33 (1996) pp. 115 - 134.

Kortland, J. (1996) An STS case study about students decision making on the waste issue - Science Education 80, 6 pp. 673 - 689.

Kortland, J. (1996) Decision-making on science-related social issues: the case of garbage in physical science - A problem-posing approach - G. Welford, J. Osborne, P. Scott ((eds)). Research in science education in Europe - Current issues and themes. The Falmer Press. London. pp. 115-123.

Lijnse, P.L. (1996) First experiences with European PhD Summer Schools on Research in Science Education - G. Welford, J. Osborne, P. Scott (eds). Research in Science Education in Europe. The Falmer Press. London. pp. 394 - 398.

Van der Valk, A.E (1996) University Physics Students Motives for Taking Part in an Orientation Teacher Education Course. European Journal of Teacher Education 19, 2, pp. 153 –166.

1996 (other publications) Eijkelhof, H.M.C., J. Kortland, P.L. Lijnse (1996) STS through physics and environmental education in the Netherlands - R.E. Yager (ed). Science/technology/society as reform in science education. SUNY Press. Albany, pp. 249 - 260.

Eijkelhof, H.M.C., J.F. Schröder (1996) Dertig jaar natuurkunde-didactiek in Nederland. P.L.Lijnse and T. Wubbels, (eds). Over Natuurkundedidactiek, Curriculumontwikkeling en Lerarenopleiding, CDB-Press. Utrecht, pp 11 - 38.

Eijkelhof, H.M.C. (1996) La interacción entre ciencias y technologfa en la educación secundaria -Revista de Educación, num. 310, pp. 29 - 42.

Franssen, H.A.M., H.M.C. Eijkelhof, A.A.M. Houtveen, H.A.J.P. Duijmelinck (1996) Techniek in de basisvorming. Eindverslag SVO-project 94043 - ISOR. Utrecht, 309 pp.

Franssen, H.A.M., H.M.C. Eijkelhof, H.A.J.P. Duijmelinck, A.A.M. Houtveen (1996) An in- depth study of Technology as a school subject in junior secondary schools in the Netherlands. ISOR/Faculty of Education. Utrecht, 131 pp.

Kortland, J. (1996) Trois approches STS dans l'enseignement - Questions sur l'enseignement STS & Matériel pour l'enseignement STS - Courrier du CETHES 31, pp. 21 – 43.

183 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 7 : Physics Education Program Leader : Prof. dr. P.L Lijnse

Lijnse, P.L. (1996) Trends in European research in science education? D. Psillos (ed.). European Research in Science Education II. Art of Text. Thessaloniki pp. 21 - 31.

Lijnse, P.L., Th. Wubbels (eds) (1996) Over Natuurkundedidactiek, Curriculumontwikkeling en Lerarenopleiding - CDB-Press. Utrecht, pp. 202.

Ten Brinke, S, A.E. van der Valk, H.A. Créton (1996) Ontwikkeling van de universitaire lerarenopleiding - P.L. Lijnse and T. Wubbels, (eds). Over Natuurkundedidactiek, Curriculumontwikkeling en Lerarenopleiding, CDB-Press. Utrecht, pp. 71 - 95.

1996 (professional) Eijkelhof, H.M.C., J.F. Schröder (1996) De toekomst van het natuurkunde-onderwijs. Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Natuurkunde, 62, 6, pp. 130 - 132.

Eijkelhof. H.M.C., G. Munters, P.J. Wippoo (1996) Natuurkunde en Sport. Verslag van de Woudschotenconferentie 1995. Werkgroep Natuurkunde-Didactiek. Utrecht, 108 p.

Eijkelhof, H.M.C. (1996) Algemene Natuurwetenschappen: een nieuw vak in ontwikkeling. J. Buurlage (red.). Van Labyrint tot studiehuis. SMD. Leiden, pp. 17-18.

Eijkelhof, H.M.C. (1996) Lessen uit Tsjernobyl voor het onderwijs - NVMP-Nieuwsbrief, 16, 2, pp. 12.

Lijnse, P.L., Th. Wubbels (1996) Het werk van Herman Hooymayers: twee persoonlijke reflecties. In: P.L. Lijnse, Th. Wubbels (eds). Over Natuurkundedidactiek, Curriculumontwikkeling en Lerarenopleiding. CDB-Press. Utrecht, pp. l - 8.

Lijnse, P.L. (1996) Book review: Teacher Development: a model from science education. Physics Education 31, pp. 341.

Pieters, M., H.M.C. Eijkelhof, M. Kapteijn (1996) Een nieuw vak (ANW) ... een andere opleiding? VELON Tijdschrift voor lerarenopleiders, 17, 4 pp. 31 - 35.

Teekens-Veldkamp, A., H.M.C. Eijkelhof, M. Pieters (1996) De Eerste Ronde ... Algemene Natuurwetenschappen. NVOX, 21,8, pp. 365 - 368.

Van der Valk, A.E. (1996) Afstemming tussen school en instituut in de Utrechtse inservice opleiding, ervaringen met een universitaire opleiding tot eerstegraads docent. VELON tijdschrift voor lerarenopleiders 17, 5, pp. 48 - 55.

1997 (refereed) Berenson, S., T. van der Valk, E. Oldham, U. Runesson, C. Moreira, H. Broekman (1997) Prospective teachers' content knowledge of the area concept. European Journal of Teacher Education 20, 2. pp. 137 - 150.

184 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 7 : Physics Education Program Leader : Prof. dr. P.L Lijnse

Eijkelhof, H.M.C., R.J. Genseberger, O. de Jong & A. Teekens-Veldkamp (1997). Ervaringen met experimenteel lesmateriaal voor het vak Algemene Natuurwetenschappen. Tijdschrift voor Didactiek der Beta-wetenschappen, 2, pp.110-128.

James, J., Eijkelhof, H., Gaskell, J., Olson, J., Raizen, S. & Saez, M. (1997) Innovations in science, mathematics and technology education. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 29, 4, 471- 483.

Kortland, J. (1997) Garbage: dumping, burning and reusing/recycling: students' perception of the waste issue. International Journal of Science Education, 19, pp. 65-77.

Lijnse, P.L. - Vakdidactiek: het vergeten fundament van het studiehuis? - TD-ß, 14 (1997) pp. 72-91.

1997 (other publications) Kortland, J. & P.L. Lijnse (1997) Decision making on the waste issue: the classroom trial of a problem-posing teaching/learning process. In: K. Calhoun et al. (Eds.), IOSTE 8th Symposium Proceedings (vol 1, pp 113-117). Edmonton: University of Alberta.

Lijnse, P.L. (1997) Investigations of individual learning processes: a comment. R. Pinto (ed.). Proceedings Third European Summerschool on Theory and Methodology of Research in Science Education. U.A.B. Barcelona, pp. 119-120.

Van der Valk, T., Th. Somers, T. Wubbels and F. Korthagen (1997) Commuting between practice and theory in a immersion teacher education program. Paper presented at the AERA conference, New York, USA pp. 14. ERIC document ED 406 329.

Van der Valk, A.E., H.G.B. Broekman (1997) Dutch preservice teachers' ideas in teaching mathematics. J.McCall and R.M.Mackay (eds.). Partnership and cooperation, Papers from the 21st Annual Conference of the ATEE. Glasgow: University of Strathclyde. pp. 103-120.

Van der Valk, A.E. & M.J. Vollebregt (1997) Vakdidactiek (Kroniek: de Onderwijs Research Dagen 1997 in Leuven). Pedagogische Studiën 74, 5 pp. 372-375.

Van het Hul, F., J. Kortland (1997) Extending students' ideas about force and motion through an interactive computer simulation. In: S. Oblak, M. Hribar, K. Luchner and M. Munih (eds.). New ways of teaching physics. Ljubljana: Board of Education of Slovenia, pp. 518- 521.

Vollebregt, M., K. Klaassen, P.L. Lijnse und R.J. Genseberger - Einführung des Teilchenmi- dells: Ein problemaufwerfender Unterricht. Naturwissenschaften im Unterricht Physik, 8, 41 (1997) pp. 16-21.

Wiersma, W.F. (1997) Ethnic Minorities in Science and Mathematics Education. In: R.Pinto (ed.). 3rd European Summerschool Theory and Methodology of Research in Science Education, Barcelona: ESERA/UAB, pp. 358-361.

185 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 7 : Physics Education Program Leader : Prof. dr. P.L Lijnse

1997 (professional) Eijkelhof, H. - Bookreview: Research in Science Education in Europe: Current Issues and Themes, Physics Education, 32, 2, (1997) 133.

Eijkelhof, H.M.C. (1997) Algemene natuurwetenschappen - Gids voor onderwijsmanagement, december, nr. 14, deel 1c (pp. 1-13). Alphen a/d Rijn: Samson H.D. Tjeenk Willink.

Eijkelhof, H.M.C., J. Hellemans & G.Munters - Natuurkunde-didactiek in het studiehuis. Verslag van de Woudschotenconferentie 1996. Werkgroep Natuurkunde-Didactiek. Utrecht (1997) 121 p.

Eijkelhof, H.M.C. (1997) De toekomst van het vak Algemene Natuurwetenschappen NVOX, 22, 7, 344-346.

Kortland, J. - Een beargumenteerde mening ... besluitvorming van leerlingen in keuzesituaties rond huishoudelijk afval - NVOX, 22 (1997) pp. 50-54.

Lijnse, P.L. - Natuurkunde-Didactiek: een vergeten kamer in het studiehuis? In: H.M.C. Eijkelhof, J.Hellemans en G. Munters (red.). Verslag Woudschotenconferentie 1996 Natuurkunde-didactiek in het studiehuis. Werkgroep Natuurkunde-Didactiek. Utrecht (1997) pp . 47-52.

Van der Valk, T., M. Aretskoug, I. Frederik, L. Leite, I. Thorén - An international study to prospective teachers' use of the temperature and heat concepts - ATEE, 22nd Annual Conference: abstracts. Macerata: Universitá degli Studi di Macerata (1997) pp.70-71.

Van der Valk, T. - Deelnemen aan praktijkrelevante onderzoekjes: een mogelijkheid tot professionaliseren - VELON Tijdschrift voor lerarenopleiders, 18, 4, (1997) pp. 34 - 37.

Vollebregt, M., J. Kortland, J. - Probleemstellend onderwijs: motivatie tot leren. H.M.C. Eijkelhof, J. Hellemans en G. Munters (red.). Verslag Woudschotenconferentie 1996. Natuurkunde-didactiek in het studiehuis. Werkgroep Natuurkunde Didactiek. Utrecht (1997) pp. 85-87.

Wiersma, F. - Taalgericht vakonderwijs voor allochtone leerlingen - NVOX, 22, 5 (1997) pp. 234-235.

Wiersma, F. - Natuur-/scheikunde voor allochtone leerlingen - Impuls, 4, 4 (1997) pp. 20-23.

1998 (refereed) Eijkelhof, H., H. Franssen, T. Houtveen (1998) The changing relation between science and technology education in Dutch secondary education. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 30, 6, pp. 677-690.

Lijnse, P.L. (1998) Curriculumontwikkeling in het natuurkundeonderwijs vanuit internationaal perspectief. Tijdschrift voor Didactiek der ß-wetenschappen 15, 1, pp. 2-24.

186 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 7 : Physics Education Program Leader : Prof. dr. P.L Lijnse

Van der Valk, A.E., H.G.B. Broekman, O. de Jong (1998) Concerns van bèta-docenten op weg naar samenwerking in profielteams. Tijdschrift voor Didactiek der ß-wetenschappen 15, 1 pp. 25-41.

1998 (other publications) Eijkelhof, H., O. de Jong, M. Pieters - Ervaringen met het tweede versie ANW-lesmateriaal. Utrecht/Enschede: CDß/SLO (1998) (26 pp).

Eijkelhof, H.M.C. (1998) Natuurkunde leren waarderen, oratie. Utrecht: Centrum voor Didactiek van Wiskunde en Natuurwetenschappen.

Lijnse, P.L. (1998) Curriculum development in physics education. In: A. Tiberghien, E.L. Jossem and J. Barojas (eds.) Connecting Research in Physics Education with Teacher Education, ICPE, pp. 12.

Lijnse, P.L. (1998) Editor of section on Planning and Analysis of Teaching Situations. In: A. Tiberghien, E.L. Jossem and J. Barojas (eds.) Connecting Research in Physics Education with Teacher Education, ICPE, pp. 48.

Lijnse, P.L. (1998) Comments on Evaluation and Asessment by P.J.Black. In: A. Tiberghien, E.L. Jossem and J. Barojas (eds.) Connecting Research in Physics Education with Teacher Education, ICPE, pp. 1.

Oldham, E.E., A.E. van der Valk, H.G.B. Broekman, S.B. Berenson (1998) Preservice teachers' ideas about Mathematics: Contributions to Frameworks for Teacher Education Courses. In: Berenson, S.B., K.R. Dawkins, M. Blanton, W.N. Coulombe, J. Kolb, K. Norwood & L. Stiff (Eds.). Proc. of the 20th Annual meeting of the North American Chapter of the IPME, vol. 2. Columbus, OH: ERIC Clearinghouse for Science, Mathematics and Environmental Education, pp. 710-716.

1998 (professional) Caro, P., H. Eijkelhof, V. Koulaidis, S. Sjoeberg, P. Thomsen, J. Solomon - Second Report of the International Evaluation Group Ciencia Viva. Lisbon: Project Ciencia Viva (1998) (10 pp + appendices).

Eijkelhof, H.M.C. - Natuurkunde leren waarderen - NVOX, 23, 8 (1998) pp. 443-447.

Eijkelhof, H.M.C. - Natuurkunde leren waarderen - NVOX, 23, 9 (1998) pp. 508-511.

Eijkelhof, H., O. de Jong & M. Pieters (1998). Ervaringen met het tweede versie ANW- lesmateriaal Utrecht/Enschede: CDB/SLO (26 pagina's).

Kortland, J., F. Budding, G. Munters (Red.) - Natuurkunde en gezondheid. Utrecht: Werkgroep Natuurkunde-Didactiek (1998).

187 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 7 : Physics Education Program Leader : Prof. dr. P.L Lijnse

Van der Valk, T., H. Broekman - Voorkennis van aanstaande leraren: begripsgericht of rekengericht? VELON tijdschrift voor lerarenopleiders 19, 1 (1998) pp. 22-27.

1999 (refereed) Frederik, I., A.E. van der Valk, L. Leite, I. Thorén (1999) Pre-service Teachers and Conceptual Difficulties on Temperature and Heat. European Journal of Teacher Education, 22, 1, pp. 61-74.

Oldham, E., A.E. van der Valk, H.G.B. Broekman, S. Berenson (1999) Beginning Pre- service Teachers’ Approaches to Teaching the Area Concept: identifying tendencies towards realistic, structuralist, mechanist or empiricist mathematics education. European Journal of Teacher Education, 22, 1, pp. 23 - 43.

Van der Valk, A.E., H.G.B. Broekman (1999) The Lesson Preparation Method: a way of investigating pre-service teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge. European Journal of Teacher Education, 22, 1, pp. 11 - 22.

Vollebregt, M.J., C.W.J.M. Klaassen, R.J. Genseberger, P.L. Lijnse (1999). Inzichtelijk een deeltjesmodel leren. Tijdschrift voor Didactiek der ß-wetenschappen 16, nr. 1, pp. 12-26.

1999 (other publications) Broekman, H.G.B., A.E. van der Valk (1999) Autonomous Learning in the Upper Secondary Science and Mathematics Curriculum: How to Guide the Teachers? http://www.atee.org/htm/index.html Proceedings of the 24th Annual ATEE Conference, Leipzig.

Eijkelhof, H.M.C. (1999) Physics education within a new context of senior secondary education in the Netherlands. In: M. Laukenmann (ed.), Didaktik der Physik, Vorträge Physikertagung 1999, Ludwigsburg, Fachverband Didaktik der Physik, Deutsche Physikalische Geselschaft, pp. 103-117.

Eijkelhof, H.M.C. (1999) Social Issues and Physics at 16+ in Europe. In: R. Coughlan, Attainment in Physics, pp. 33-50. Dublin: Stationary Office.

Jong, O. de, K. Kortland, A.J. Waarlo, J. Buddingh’ (Eds.) (1999). Bridging the gap between theory and practice: what research says to the science teacher. Proceedings of the 1998 International Summer Symposium. Hong Kong: International Council of Associations for Science Education, pp. 252.

Frederik, I., A.E. van der Valk, L. Leite, I. Thorén (1999) Conceptual difficulties and the training of physics teachers. http://www.atee.org/htm/index.html Proceedings of the 24th Annual ATEE Conference, Leipzig.

Kortland, K., O. de Jong & A.J. Waarlo (1999). Bridging the gap between theory and practice - what gap? In: O. de Jong, K. Kortland, A.-J. Waarlo & J. Buddingh' (Eds.) Bridging the Gap between Theory and Practice: What Research Says to the Science Teacher (pp. 13-16). Hong Kong: ICASE Press.

188 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 7 : Physics Education Program Leader : Prof. dr. P.L Lijnse

Kortland, J., F.L. Gravenberch, M.J.M. Pieters, H.M.C. Eijkelhof (1999) Colloquium on attainment in physics at 16+: Country paper, the Netherlands. Cork: Faculty of Education and Science, http://www.irlgov.ie/educ/colloquium.htm (40 pp + appendices).

1999 (professional) Eijkelhof, H.M.C. - Vakkenintegratie: Handle with care. In: Integratie, combinatie, afstemming of apart? Verslag Conferentie Platform VVVO, Leeuwarden, 25 september 1998 (1999) pp. 5-9.

Eijkelhof, H.M.C. - Towards a new approach to physics teacher training in The Netherlands. In: R. Coughlan, Attainment in Physics (1999) pp. 142-144. Dublin: Stationary Office.

Eijkelhof, H.M.C. - Bi-lingual and International Teacher Education Program, CPD Update, Vol. 3, Number 2 (1999) p. 9.

Eijkelhof, H.M.C., G.J. Koopman - Leraren opleiden voor het tweetalig en internationaal onderwijs. THEMA, 6, 5 (1999) pp. 40-43.

Eijkelhof, H.M.C. - Science for public understanding. A new obligatory course for senior secondary schools in the Netherlands. Paper presented at the European Physical Society seminar Securing the Future of Physics, Malvern, September 1999 (1999) http://www.malcol.org/eps_seminar/Papers/a03.html

Genseberger, R.J., C.W.J.M. Klaassen - Inhoudelijk motiveren van leerlingen. In: verslag Woudschotenconferentie 1998, WND (1999) pp. 21-28.

Kortland, J., F. Budding, G. Munters (Red.) - Motiveren voor Natuurkunde - Verslag Woudschotenconferentie 1998 (1999). Utrecht: Werkgroep Natuurkunde Didactiek.

Kortland, J. - Duurzame ontwikkeling in het voortgezet onderwijs: verduurzaming van de vakken. In: O. van Vliet & J. Weerdenburg (Red.), Universiteit Utrecht & Duurzame ontwikkeling (1999), pp. 89-97. Utrecht: Bureau Studium Generale.

Van der Valk, A.E. - Zelfstandig werken staat zelfstandig leren in de weg. Didactief & School, 4, april (1999) pp. 26-27.

Van der Valk, A.E., D. Lindenaar - De onderzoeksopdracht vormgegeven als docent- profielwerkstuk. VELON tijdschrift voor lerarenopleiders 20, 3 (1999) pp. 43-49.

Van der Valk, A.E. - Het docent Profielwerkstuk. Achtergronden en instructie. In: J.A.J. den Ouden & M.M. van Rijswijk (red.) Samenscholen: Leraren opleiden: taak van school en opleiding (Velon congres ’99) (1999) Utrecht: VELON.

Van der Valk, A.E., H. Eijkelhof - La formatione dei docenti di fisica nei Paesi Bassi. In: La Fisica nella Scuola, Atti del XXVII Congresso Nazionale AIF, Anno XXXII, n. 3 Supplemento, Iuglio - Settembre 1999.

189 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 7 : Physics Education Program Leader : Prof. dr. P.L Lijnse

Vollebregt, M.J., C.W.J.M. Klaassen, R.J. Genseberger, P.L. Lijnse - Leerlingen motiveren via probleemstellend onderwijs. NVOX, 24, (1999) pp. 339-341.

2000 (refereed) De Vos, W., T. van der Valk (2000) Naar een gevalideerd modelbegrip. Tijdschrift voor Didactiek der β-wetenschappen, 17, 2 pp. 112-123.

De Vos, W. & R.J. Genseberger (2000) 'Onderzoek doen' in de natuurwetenschappelijke vakken. Tijdschrift voor Didactiek der β-wetenschappen, 17(1), p. 4-13

Genseberger, R.J. (2000) Emanzipatorischer Untterricht mit Wagenschein und Habermas - ein Beitrag zum Erziehungsauftrag des Chemie- und Physikunterrichts. Chimica Didactica, 82, pp. 5-24.

Lijnse, P.L. (2000) Didactics of Science: the forgotten dimension in Science Education Research? In: R. Millar, J. Leach and J. Osborne (eds.) Improving Science Education, Buckingham: Open University Press, pp. 308-326.

Savelsbergh, E.R., T. de Jong, M.G.M. Ferguson-Hessler (2000) Physics learning with a computer algebra system: towards a learning environment to promote enhanced problem representations. Journal of Computer-Assisted Learning, 16, pp. 229-242.

Smits, Th., P.L. Lijnse, Th. Bergen (2000) Leerlingonderzoek met kwaliteit. Tijdschrift voor Didactiek der ß-wetenschappen 17, pp. 14-30.

2000 (other publications) Baumert, J., E. Klieme, M. Lehrke, E.R. Savelsbergh (2000) Konzeption und Aussagekraft der TIMSS-Leistungstests: Zur Diskussion um TIMSS-Aufgaben aus der Mittelstufenphysik The development and meaning of the TIMSS performance tests. Die Deutsche Schule, 92, pp. 102-115 (part 1), pp. 196-217 (part 2).

Eijkelhof, H., M. Kapteijn (2000) Algemene Natuurwetenschappen (ANW): A new course on public understanding of science for senior general secondary education in the Netherlands. In: R.T. Cross & P. J. Fensham (eds), Science and The Citizen. For Educators and the Public, pp. 189-199. Melbourne: Arena Publications, special issue of Melbourne Studies in Education.

Eijkelhof, H. (2000) Bouwstenen voor een nieuw examenprogramma natuurkunde havo/vwo. In: Naar vernieuwing van de examenprogramma’s havo en vwo, K.Th. Boersma (red.), pp. 51-62. Enschede: Stichting Leerplanontwikkeling.

Genseberger, R.J. (2000) Sviluppo del concetto di modello in alunni di 15-16 anni. La fisica nella scuola, 33, 3, pp. 149-154.

Genseberger, R.J. (2000) A course in astronomy for 15-16 years aged students. Proceedings 6th International Conference on Teaching Astronomy, pp 47-50. Barcelona, Spain.

190 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 7 : Physics Education Program Leader : Prof. dr. P.L Lijnse

Mooldijk, A.H., E.R. Savelsbergh (2000) - An example of the integration of modelling into the curriculum: A falling cone. Proceedings of the GIREP Conference, Barcelona, Spain. Paris: Elsevier.

Savelsbergh, E.R., A.H. Mooldijk (2000) – Progressive computer-supported modelling as a learner activity: A tool for understanding. Proceedings of the GIREP Conference, Barcelona, Spain. Paris: Elsevier.

2000 (professional) Eijkelhof, H., G.J. Koopman (2000) Een nieuwe lerarenopleiding voor het tweetalig en internationaal onderwijs. VELON Tijdschrift voor lerarenopleiders, 21, 2 (2000) pp. 20-24.

Eijkelhof, H.M.C. (2000) Een vergelijking tussen het schoolvak Algemene Natuurwetenschappen en de Engelse science curricula. Bronnenboek Algemene Natuurwetenschappen (2000) 5180-1/9. Alphen aan den Rijn: Samsom.

Eijkelhof, H. (2000) Vakkenintegratie natuurwetenschappen in de eerste fase van het voortgezet onderwijs. Meso Magazine, 20, 114 (2000) pp. 2-8.

Genseberger, R., T. van der Valk (2000) Past zoiets wel in de Tweede Fase? ‘Druk’, een lessenserie met veel inhoudelijke inbreng van leerlingen. NVOX tijdschrift voor natuurwetenschap op school, 25, 5 (2000) pp. 228-230.

Hummelen, H., A. Jambroes, T. van der Valk (2000) Vorm een Beta Profielteam! NVOX tijdschrift voor natuurwetenschap op school, 25, 3 (2000) pp. 103-106.

Kortland, J., F. Budding, J. Hellemans (red.) - Natuurkunde tussen hemel en aarde. Verslag Woudschotenconferentie 1999 (2000). Utrecht: Werkgroep Natuurkunde Didactiek.

Van der Valk, T., M. Wijers, H. Broekman (2000) Achtergronden van verhoudingstabellen in wiskunde en natuurwetenschappen. NVOX tijdschrift voor natuurwetenschap op school, 25, 10 (2000) pp. 518-521.

Van der Valk, T. (2000) Bèta-profielen in het studiehuis. Netnummer # 12, 9 (2000).

Van der Valk, T. (2000) Naar een samenhang in de natuurprofielen. In: verslag Woudschotenconferentie natuurkunde 1999 ‘natuurkunde tussen hemel en aarde’ (2000) pp. 120-122.

De Vos, W., T. van der Valk (2000) Modellen in de wetenschap, modellen in het onderwijs. NVOX tijdschrift voor natuurwetenschap op school, 25, 7 (2000) pp. 335-338.

De Vries, F.T.M.E., A.H. Mooldijk (2000) Beginnen met dataloggen in het practicum. NVOX 25, 5 (2000).

191 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 7 : Physics Education Program Leader : Prof. dr. P.L Lijnse

Wijers, M., A. Jambroes en T. van der Valk (2000) Genetica en kansrekening. NVOX tijdschrift voor natuurwetenschap op school, 25, 2 (2000) pp. 62-65.

2001 (refereed) Eijkelhof, H., K. Kortland - Bouwen aan een nieuw natuurkundecurriculum havo/vwo. Tijdschrift voor Didactiek der ß-wetenschappen, 18, nr. 1 (2001) p. 2-18.

2001 (other publications) De Jong, O., E.R. Savelsbergh, A. Alblas (Eds.) - Teaching for scientific literacy – Context, competency, and curriculum (2001). Utrecht: Cdβ Press/ECASE.

Eijkelhof, H. - Towards teaching for scientific literacy: Reflections after the symposium. In: De Jong, O., Savelsbergh, E.R. & Alblas A. (eds.) ,Teaching for Scientific Literacy: Context, Competency, and Curriculum. Proceedings of the 7th bi-annual ICASE Symposium 11-13 October 2000 (2001) p. 129-134. Utrecht, The Netherlands: CD-Bèta-Press.

Genseberger, R.J. - About distances in the universe. Proceedings 5th EAAE (2001) p. 47-52. Bad Honnef, Germany.

Genseberger, R.J. - Interest oriented teaching: conditions and potential. Proceedings 3rd Internat.Conf. on Science Education (2001) p. 47-50. ESERA, Thessaloniki, Greece.

Genseberger, R.J., A.E. van der Valk - Het in kaart brengen van de opbouw van onderzoeksvaardigheden binnen en tussen de ß-vakken van de tweede fase. In: E. van Eck, D. Griffioen, H. van Hout & T. Peetsma (eds.) Onderwijsonderzoek in Nederland en Vlaanderen; Proceedings ORD 2001. Amsterdam: SCO-Kohnstamm Instituut, Universiteit van Amsterdam (2001) p. 7-9.

Geraedts, C.L., K.Th. Boersma, H.A.M. Huijs, H.M.C. Eijkelhof - Ruimte voor SONaTe. Onderzoek naar good practice op het gebied van samenhangend onderwijs in natuur en techniek in de basisvorming. Delft: Stichting Axis (2001).

Kortland, J. - A problem-posing approach to teaching for scientific literacy: the case of decision making about packaging waste. In O. de Jong, E.R. Savelsbergh & A. Alblas (Eds.), Teaching for scientific literacy – Context, competency, and curriculum (2001) p. 87-98. Utrecht: Cdβ Press/ECASE.

Kortland, J. - A problem-posing teaching/learning sequence – designing and validating a didactical structure for teaching decision making about the waste issue. Invited contribution to the international symposium on Designing and validating teaching-learning sequences in a research perspective (2001) Paris, November 23-25, 2000, http://www.esera.org

Van der Valk, A.E., H.G.B. Broekman - Mini-profielwerkstuk: docenten bereiden zich samen voor op het profielwerkstuk. In: E. van Eck, D. Griffioen, H. van Hout & T. Peetsma (eds.) Onderwijsonderzoek in Nederland en Vlaanderen; Proceedings ORD 2001. Amsterdam: SCO-Kohnstamm Instituut, Universiteit van Amsterdam (2001) p.51-52.

192 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 7 : Physics Education Program Leader : Prof. dr. P.L Lijnse

Van der Valk, A.E., H.G.B. Broekman - Science Teachers’ Learning about ratio tables. In: M. van den Heuvel-Panhuizen (ed.) Proceedings of the 25th conference of the PME, vol. 4. Utrecht, Freudenthal Institute Utrecht University (2001) p. 4-351 – 4-358.

2001 (professional) Eijkelhof, H. - Naar één natuurprofiel in de tweede fase van het VO? In: F. Gravenberch, Groot onderhoud van het VO programma natuurkunde (2001) p. 33-38. Enschede: SLO.

Eijkelhof, H. - Samenhang in de basisvorming. AXIS-Nieuwsbrief, 4 (2001) p. 3.

Kortland, J., J. Hellemans, M. Vloemans (Red.) Cultuurverschillen in het natuurkunde- onderwijs – Verslag Woudschotenconferentie 2000 (2001) Utrecht: Werkgroep Natuurkunde Didactiek.

Van der Valk, T. - Mini-profielwerkstuk. In: K. Kortland e.a. (red.) Cultuurveranderingen in het natuurkunde-onderwijs, Verslag Woudschoten conferentie 2000. Utrecht; Werkgroep Natuurkunde Didactiek (2001) pp. 105 – 108.

Van der Valk, T., I. Frederik – Twee kernexperimenten rond temperatuur en warmte. NVOX, 26, 10 (2001) p. 534-537.

Van der Valk, T., M. Wijers, H. Broekman - Achtergronden van verhoudingstabellen in wiskunde en natuurwetenschappen. Nieuwe Wiskrant 20, 3 (maart 2001) p. 44 – 49.

Van der Valk, T., M. Wijers, I. Frederik - Verhoudingstabellen: ja of nee? NVOX, 25, 7 (2001) p. 368 – 372.

Wijers, M., T. Van der Valk - Aandachtspunten bij het gebruik van verhoudingstabellen in de natuurwetenschappen. Nieuwe Wiskrant 20, 4 (juni 2001) p. 23 – 27.

2002 (refereed) Savelsbergh, E. R., De Jong, T. & Ferguson-Hessler, M. G. M. (2002). Situational knowledge in physics: The case of electrodynamics. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 39, 928-951.

2002 (other publications) Eijkelhof, H. (2002). Recent developments in science education: research and curriculum development. In: K. O-saki, W. Ottevanger, C. Uiso, J. van den Akker, Science education research and teacher development in Tanzania (pp 15 – 22). Amsterdam: International Cooperation Centre, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam.

Zegers, G.E., Boersma, K.Th, Wijers, M., Pilot, A., Eijkelhof, H.M.C. (2002). SONaTe in het studiehuis. Delft: Stichting Axis.

193 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 7 : Physics Education Program Leader : Prof. dr. P.L Lijnse

2002 (submitted to a refereed journal and not yet published as of 31 December 2002) Piet Lijnse & Kees Klaassen (2002). Didactical structures as an outcome of research on teaching-learning sequences. Submitted to the International Journal of Science Education.

Designing a didactical structure for a problem-posing approach to teaching decision making about the waste issue. K. Kortland, K. Klaassen en P.L. Lijnse (2002) Submitted to Tijdschrift voor Didactiek der Beta-Wetenschappen.

Op weg naar een didactische structuur van de natuurkunde. P.L.Lijnse (2002) Submitted to Tijdschrift voor Didactiek der Beta-Wetenschappen.

2002 (submitted to a non-refereed journal and not yet published as of 31 December 2002) Bulte, A., Kees Klaassen, Hanna Westbroek, Machiel Stolk, Gjalt Prins, Rupert Genseberger, Onno de Jong & Albert Pilot (2002). Modules for a new chemistry curriculum, research on a meaningful relation between context and concepts. To appear in the Proceedings of the International Symposium on Context-Based Science Curricula, IPN, Kiel.

Kortland, J. (2002), PLON: Dead or alive? – The Dutch Physics Curriculum Development Project in 1972-1986 and beyond. To appear in the Proceedings of the 2nd International IPN- YSEG Symposium on Context-based Science Curricula. Kiel: IPN.

2002 (professional) Broekman, H., J. Daemen & T. van der Valk (2002). Hobbels in leerlijnen: bouwstenen voor het leren van vakdidactiek. Velon Tijdschrift voor Lerarenopleiders 23 (2), 33 – 38.

Stomp, L., T. van der Valk & P.H. van de Ven (guest ed.) (2002). Special issue ‘Vakdidactiek’. Velon Tijdschrift voor Lerarenopleiders 23 (2), 4 – 6.

Frederik, I, & T. van der Valk (2002). Temperatuur en warmte in de natuur- en scheikundeboeken voor de basisvorming. NVOX 27 (5), 237 –241.

Geraedts, C., Boersma K., Eijkelhof H. (2002). Samenhangend onderwijs in de basisvorming. Een analyse van good practice. NVOX, 27, 1, 24-26.

Geraedts, C., Boersma K., Eijkelhof H. (2002). Samenhangend onderwijs in de exacte vakken in de basisvorming. Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Natuurkunde, 68, 4, 136-139.

Jambroes, A., H.Hummelen & T. van der Valk (2002). Nieuwe doelen, nieuwe organisatievormen in de tweede fase. NVOX 27 (3), 103-106.

Kortland, J., J. Hellemans & F. Budding (Red.) (2002), Natuurkunde en technologie – Verslag Woudschotenconferentie 2001. Utrecht: Werkgroep Natuurkunde Didactiek.

194 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 7 : Physics Education Program Leader : Prof. dr. P.L Lijnse

Westra, R. H. V., Savelsbergh, E. R., Kortland, K., Prins, G., & Mooldijk, M. (2002). Leren door zelf modelleren: Constructief en uitdagend onderwijs. NVOX, 27, 331-335.

Zegers, G., Boersma, K., Wijers, M., Pilot, A., Eijkelhof, H. (2002). Samenhangend onderwijs groeit in het studiehuis. NVOX, 27, 9, 462-465.

195 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 7 : Physics Education Program Leader : Prof. dr. P.L Lijnse

196 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 8 : Subatomic Physics Program Leader : Prof. dr. T. Peitzmann

2. Documentation per research program

Title of the program Subatomic Physics

Program leader Prof. dr. Th. Peitzmann (from 2002) Directors Institute for Subatomic Physics Prof. dr. R. Kamermans (ad interim 2001) Prof. dr. A. Buijs (until 2001)

Starting date of the program Formally this program was established when the Research Institute was created in 2001. However, the research in this program dates back from before 1996.

Research area and mission Particles, QCD, heavy ions, nuclear matter, quark-gluon plasma. The study of elementary particles and their interactions. The program is mainly directed towards the study of the quark-gluon plasma by means of heavy ion collisions achieved with accelerators of the highest possible energy and intensity.

Formal affiliations outside NIKHEF: National Institute for Nuclear and High-Energy the Research Institute Physics. National Research School for Subatomic Physics.

2.1. Leadership The program leader has the overall responsibility for the program, both with respect to the quality and the cohesion of the research and with respect to the budget that is provided by the Faculty. He is responsible for the internal coordination and cooperation within the program, for organizing the human resources and for maintaining and developing the external contacts. This is in close collaboration with the other chair holder. Together with the leaders of the other research programs he discusses the general policies of the Research Institute at regular meetings and makes recommendations to the director. The program leader represents the program in the planning and control session that is organized by the Faculty Board once a year, where the plans and budget request for the coming year are presented. The presentations form the basis for the budget allocations made by the Faculty Board for the subsequent year. This program works in close collaboration with NIKHEF in Amsterdam. The program leader is also in charge of the national activity in Ultrarelativistic Heavy Ion Physics. See also: Part A, 1.2.

2.2. Strategy and policy The subatomic physics program studies the fundamental properties of systems, which are smaller than atomic structures, i.e. elementary particles and their interactions. While there have been activities related to the study of CP-violation and electroweak interactions, the

197 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 8 : Subatomic Physics Program Leader : Prof. dr. T. Peitzmann focus of the research program is the study of the quark-gluon plasma. A phase transition to this new state of matter is predicted by the "Standard Model" of particle physics for extremely high temperatures or densities. In this state one of the most puzzling constraints of the strong interaction, the confinement, which prevents quarks to exist as free particles, disappears. Observation of the quark-gluon plasma and its detailed study will provide fundamental information about the strong interaction between quarks. The quark-gluon plasma should have existed in the universe a few microseconds after the big bang and it may still exist in the core of dense neutron stars. Experimentally the phase transition can very likely only be studied by colliding beams of heavy ions at very high energies available at particle accelerators, which gives the studies the name of "Ultrarelativistic Heavy Ion Physics". Experimental facilities for these studies exist at the European research centre CERN in Geneva and at the Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) in New York. There exists an international community of scientists performing the experiments. Because of the large efforts that are required a limited number of experiments is performed within large international collaborations, similar to most particle physics experiments at accelerators.

The experiments always try to exploit the most powerful accelerators, as higher beam energies will allow to study the new state of matter more clearly. The first round of experiments, which have been carried out at the SPS accelerator at CERN (beam energy s ≈ 20 GeV), is very close to completion. The program has participated in several of these experiments, where the emphasis was on the analysis of the produced photons and strange particles. The consensus of the scientific community, as demonstrated in a press release of CERN in January 2000, is that these experiments have shown first hints of the new state of matter, but do not deliver an unambiguous proof. At present and in the near future the most important results will be obtained at the RHIC accelerator at BNL, which has started operation in 2000 and provides much higher beam energies ( s = 200 GeV). Here fewer, but still larger experimental collaborations exist. The complexity of the experiments requires long preparation times, therefore the next generation experiment ALICE at the future CERN LHC accelerator ( s = 5500 GeV) is being worked on since many years already.

As the SPS experiments are in their very final phase and because the RHIC experiments are in the focus at present, the program has decided to discontinue efforts at the SPS and start physics analysis activities within the STAR experiment at RHIC, which is one of the two leading experiments in current quark-gluon plasma research. This will allow the group to stay at the forefront of research and will strengthen the coherence of the activities. In addition, the Faculty has taken a leading role in the development of the silicon strip detector subsystem of the ALICE experiment at the future LHC accelerator. The technical effort needed to develop and produce this system will continue until the start of the experiment, in 2007. The group is preparing its position for this experiment with the parallel activities in detector R&D, physics simulation and physics analysis, and takes also part in developments of new concepts of distributed computing. All these are crucial for a successful program. For the continuity of physics analysis the new collaboration in STAR is of utmost importance.

198 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 8 : Subatomic Physics Program Leader : Prof. dr. T. Peitzmann

2.3. Processes in research, internal and external collaboration Because of the large effort necessary to perform an experiment in this field, this is necessarily done within large international collaborations (several hundred scientists) at large research centers (CERN and BNL). The research is carried out in within NIKHEF, the national institute for nuclear and high-energy physics, which is cooperation of FOM with four Dutch universities. NIKHEF does provide additional infrastructure especially for technical research and development. The large collaborations (STAR and ALICE) have well established organizational structures, responsibilities are generally fixed by memoranda of understanding between the large number of institutions involved. This includes quality assessment procedures, from which also the local program profits. While especially the hardware efforts require the strong contribution of the existing technicians in the group, there is also an important PhD and postdoc component. While the PhDs get an opportunity to experience forefront research in the international context, postdocs are more crucial to provide cohesion and continuity within the long time scales of such experiments. A weekly meeting of all scientific staff and a representative of the technical staff is held to discuss management (personnel, finance etc.) and teaching matters. A weekly group seminar is organized jointly with the Amsterdam partners - this is a forum for all scientists (PhD, postdocs and staff) to present the status of their work and is also used continuously for the discussion of physics ideas and developments relevant to the program.

2.4. Academic reputation R. Kamermans - Vice chairman of the council of Exact Sciences (NWO). - Member of the Physical and Engineering Standing Committee (PESC) of the ESF. - Member of the Management Board of ALICE.

P. Kuijer - Programleader of the FOM ALICE program. - Project leader of the ALICE SSD project at CERN.

M. Merck - KNAW research fellowship

T. Peitzmann - Member of the Executive Committee of the WA98 Collaboration. - FOM Program management (werkgroepleider) ALICE (CERN): Quark-gluon plasma.

2.5. Internal evaluation and analysis, perspectives and expectations for the research program Strengths. The group has a strong research potential and broad expertise, especially in physics analysis. It is embedded in national and international structures, naturally reflected in well established international collaboration. The program has a strong instrumentation component and participates in cutting edge computing developments.

199 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 8 : Subatomic Physics Program Leader : Prof. dr. T. Peitzmann

Weaknesses. By the very nature of the research projects, which can only be performed at outside facilities, the members of the group spend a considerable time away from the home institute. This entails the risk of being less visible at the Faculty than desired.

Opportunities. With the background knowledge from earlier heavy ion experiments (SPS) and the participation in unique new experiments (STAR is one of the leading experiments in current ultrarelativistic heavy ion physics, ALICE is the only dedicated heavy ion experiment at the future LHC.) in forefront pioneering research, the group has the opportunity to make significant contributions in one of the most important and exciting fields of subatomic physics.

Threats. As the program develops single, unavoidably large devices for research purposes, funding cuts, affecting and weakening the available technical support, provide a high threat. Failure to complete one project may cause large damage to the group.

Analysis. The program will establish a leading role in STAR at BNL in addition to the existing contribution in ALICE/CERN. The concentration of the research efforts on STAR and ALICE will be used to strengthen the cohesion of the program further. The program intends to increase the local visibility by strengthening the teaching efforts and representing the program more actively in the university.

2.6. External validation The fundamental research in particle physics has a lot of implications for areas more directly linked to technological applications relevant for society. A well known example is the World Wide Web, developed at CERN in Geneva for the needs of efficient communication within the international scientific community. The design of the accelerators, in casu the LHC accelerator, gives significant impetus to the materials development for superconducting magnets and for the development of vacuum technology. Our group is most directly involved in the design of the detectors for LHC, which will require new developments in the field of semiconductor particle detectors based on silicon, GaAs or diamond. New in this development is the need to place the front-end electronics on the detector itself. This has implications for cooling techniques as well as signal transport techniques, e.g. with the use of microcables. In computing, the handling of the large amounts of data will push computer technology and software for data acquisition, data handling and storage (GRID-computing), where the group participates.

2.7. Researchers and other personnel As suitable for the external experiments (Switzerland and USA) the program personnel has a high mobility. Stays at other laboratories in the US and Europe of faculty and technical staff for short periods and for PhDs and postdocs for extended periods are encouraged. There are also frequent visits of especially European partners within the collaborations. The efficiency of the PhD program can be deduced from a comparison of the (relevant) number of PhD theses during the review period to the total number of fte's for PhD students listed in table 3 divided by 3.6.

200 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 8 : Subatomic Physics Program Leader : Prof. dr. T. Peitzmann

These numbers are 10 (these are only the AIOs) and 11.52 respectively, indicating that the efficiency is 86.7 %.

Table 3: Subatomic Physics Research staff at program level Name and present title ‘96 ‘97 ‘98 ‘99 ‘00 ‘01 ‘02

Full professors A. Buijs 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,55 R. Kamermans 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 T. Peitzmann 0,10 Associate professors Th. S Bauer 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 G.J.L. Nooren 0,30 0,60 0,60 0,60 N.J.A.M. van 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 Eijndhoven Total tenured staff 2,40 2,40 2,40 2,70 3,00 2,95 2,50

Part-time-professors P.K.A. de Witt Huberts 0 0 0 0 P. Kooijman 00 Postdoctoral M.H.M. Merk 0,50 1,00 1,00 0,50 PhD students Total 4,68 4,68 6,24 6,24 6,48 7,08 6,12 Total non tenured staff 4,68 5,18 7,24 7,24 6,98 7,08 6,12

Total research staff 7,08 7,58 9,64 9,94 9,98 10,03 8,62 This table represents the actual fraction of the fte available for research, the research input of all personnel is quantified on the basis of a fixed standard for each function: full professors 60% associate professors (SDO) 60% assistant professors (DO) 60% post-doctoral fellows 100% PhD students (AIO/OIO’s) 90% The research input is calculated in proportion to the size of the appointment of the researcher involved. In exceptional cases when a staff member has performed duties that have taken up an extra-proportional amount of time, the percentage of time for research has been adapted.

2.8. Resources, funding and facilities The majority of the PhD students are supported by FOM, which supports the research of the subatomic physics department through personnel and investment funds. Besides this long-term support, FOM has granted special investment funding for technical developments within the FOM ALICE program. In addition the group has obtained support for the heavy ion program through NATO, ISTC, STCU and INTAS grants. Funds are partly used via accounts established at CERN or (in the near future) BNL.

201 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 8 : Subatomic Physics Program Leader : Prof. dr. T. Peitzmann

Data: Table 4a Subatomic Physics Funding at program level in K€ Funding 1996 19971998 1999 2000 2001 2002 97-02 average Direct funding 727 774 598 719 786 779 730 Research funds 943 767 826 585 630 638 425 645 Contracts Other

Total 1.4941.600 1.183 1.349 1.424 1.204 1.376 Table 4a: The funding of the program during the evaluation period in k€.

Table 4b Subatomic Physics Funding at program level in % Funding 1996 19971998 1999 2000 2001 2002 97-02 average Direct funding 49% 48% 51% 53% 55% 65% 53% Research funds 51% 52% 49% 47% 45% 35% 47% Contracts Other

Total 100%100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Table 4b: The funding of the program during the evaluation period in %. For an explanation see Research Institute documentation.

2.9 Overview of the results 1. Key publications 1. M.M. Aggarwal et al. (A. Buijs, N.J.A.M.van Eijndhoven, F.J.M. Geurts, R. Kamermans, T. Peitzmann, E.C. van der Pijll), Observation of direct photons in central 158 AGeV Pb- 208 + PB-208 collisions, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 (2000) 3595-3599.

2. M.M. Aggarwal et al. (A. Buijs, N.J.A.M. van Eijndhoven, F.J.M. Geurts, R. Kamermans, T. Peitzmann, E.C. van der Pijll), Search for disoriented chiral condensates in 158 AGeV Pb+Pb collisions, Phys. Lett. B420 (1998) 169-179.

3. S.V. Afanasev et al. (M. van Leeuwen), Event-by-event fluctuations of the kaon to pion ratio in central Pb+Pb collisions at 158-GeV per nucleon, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86 (2001) 1965 – 1969.

4. CERN/LHCC 99-12 ALICE TDR, (A. Buijs, N.J.A.M. van Eijndhoven, R. Kamermans, P.G. Kuijer, G.J.L. Nooren, T. Peitzmann).

202 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 8 : Subatomic Physics Program Leader : Prof. dr. T. Peitzmann

5. Antinori et al. (R. Kamermans, P.G. Kuijer, E. Schillings, P.v.d. Ven), Study of the production of Strange and Multi-Strange Particles in Lead-Lead Interactions at the CERN SPS: the NA57 Experiment, Nucl. Phys. A681(2001)165c.

2. Dissertations 1996: E. Passchier (category 1) Electron scattering of an internal tensor-polarized deuterium target promotor: Prof. dr. P.K.A. de Witt Huberts co-promotor: Dr. C.W. de Jager (NIKHEF)

1996: J.J. van Leeuwen (category 1) Investigation of nucleon-nucleon correlations in 4He promotor: Prof. dr. P.K.A. de Witt Huberts co-promotor: Dr. E. Jans (NIKHEF)

1996: W.H. van Heeringen (category 1) Anisotropy in Ultra-Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions promotors: Prof. dr. R. Kamermans; Prof. dr. A. Buijs

1997: C.J.W. Twenhöfel (category 1) Neutral meson production in ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions promotor: Prof. dr. R. Kamermans

1997: W.J. Kasdorp (category 1) Deuteron electrodisintegration at large momentum values promotor: Prof. dr. P.K.A. de Witt Huberts co-promotor: Dr. G. van der Steenhoven (NIKHEF)

1997: M.A. van Uden (category 1) The HARP liquid hydrogen system and a high resolution 16O(γ,π-p) experiment promotor: Prof. dr. P.K.A. de Witt Huberts

1997: A. Misiejuk (category 1) Electron-induced neutron knock-out from the 4He nucleus promotor : Prof. dr. P.K.A. de Witt Huberts co-promotor : Dr. Th.S. Bauer

1998: R.J.M. Snellings (category 1) Azimuthal correlations between intermediate mass fragments in heavy-ion collisions promotor: Prof. dr. R. Kamermans co-promotor: Dr. P.G. Kuijer (NIKHEF)

203 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 8 : Subatomic Physics Program Leader : Prof. dr. T. Peitzmann

1998: W.L. van Rossum (category 1) Hadron production in two-photon collisions at LEP promotors: Prof. dr. ir. F.C. Erné and prof. dr. A. Buijs co-promotor: Dr. G.J. Bobbink (NIKHEF)

1998: M. Bouwhuis (category 1) Tensor-polarization observables in electron-deuteron scattering promotors: Prof. dr. P.K.A. de Witt Huberts Prof. dr. C.W. de Jager (NIKHEF)

1998: D.J.J. de Lange (category 1) A study of collective aspects of 4He electrodisintegration with the BigBite spectrometer promotors: Prof. dr. P.K.A. de Witt Huberts; Prof. dr. C.W. de Jager (NIKHEF) co-promotors: Dr. H. de Vries (NIKHEF) Dr. J.J.M. Steijger (FOM)

1998: F.J.M. Geurts (category 1) Neutral meson production in hot matter promotors : Prof. dr. R. Kamermans; Prof. dr. A. Buijs

1999: E.P. Prendergast (category 1) Dynamical processes in heavy-ion collisions at intermediate energies promotor: Prof. dr. R. Kamermans co-promotor: Dr. P.G. Kuijer (NIKHEF)

2000: T. van Rhee (category 1) Charmonium formation in two-photon collisions promotors: Prof. dr. A. Buijs; Prof. dr. F.L. Linde (UvA)

2000: D.L. Groep (category 1) Correlations and currents in 3He studied with the (e,e'pp) reaction promotor: Prof. dr. P.K.A. de Witt Huberts co-promotor: Dr. E. Jans

2000: J.J. van Hunen (category 1) Deep-inelastic scattering of 14N promotor: Prof. dr. P.K.A. de Witt Huberts co-promotor: Dr. G. van der Steenhoven (NIKHEF)

2001: P.A.G. van de Ven (category 1) Centrality dependence of Lambda production in Pb-Pb collisions promotor: Prof. dr. R. Kamermans co-promotor: Dr. P.G. Kuijer (NIKHEF)

204 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 8 : Subatomic Physics Program Leader : Prof. dr. T. Peitzmann

2002: D. Boersma, → → Polarization observables in 3 He(e ,e'n) promotors: Prof. dr. P. Kooijman Prof. dr. G. van Middelkoop (VU) co-promotor: Dr. Th.S. Bauer

2002:. M. Bruinsma (Amsterdam) J/ψ in pA. Performance of the first level trigger of Hera-B and nuclear effects in J/ψ production promotor: Prof. dr. P.M. Kooijman co-promotor: Dr. Th. S. Bauer

3. Numerical Overview of the results

Table 5 Program results: output numbers ‘96 ‘97 ‘98 ‘99 ‘00 ‘01 ‘02 Total

1. Academic a. In refereed 27 38 40 35 49 34 41 7* 271 publications Journals b. other publications Total 27 38 40 35 49 34 41 7 271

2. PhD theses 345131 2 19 *Submitted and not yet published as of 31 December 2002

4. Full list of publications (1996-2002) 1996 (refereed) Acciarri, M. et al. (A. Buijs), Measurement of muon-pair production at 50- eV s = 86- GeV at LEP. Phys. Lett. B374, (1996) 331-340.

Albrecht, R. et al. (T. Peitzmann), Limits on the production of direct photons in 200AGeV 32S + Au Collisions, Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 3506-3509, 1996.

Arefiev, V.A. et al. (R. Kamermans), Zero Degree Calorimeter for CERN WA-98 Experiment. JINR Rapid Communications No.5[79]-96, pp.15-34 (in Russian).

Awes, T. C. et al. (T. Peitzmann), Azimuthal Correlations in the Target Fragmentation Region of High Energy Nuclear Collisions. Phys. Lett. B381, 29-34, 1996.

Awes, T. C. et al. (T. Peitzmann), Bose-Einstein correlations of soft pions in ultrarelativistic nucleus nucleus collisions. Z. Phys. C 69, 67, 1996.

205 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 8 : Subatomic Physics Program Leader : Prof. dr. T. Peitzmann

Brenneisen, J, D. Grathwohl, B. Ehrhard, P.M. Endt, S. Fischer, M. Lickert, R. Ott, H. Röpke, J. Schmälzlin, P. Siedle, B.H. Wildenthal, Quantum numbers of 26Al levels above 6 MeV excitation energy. Z. Physik A354 (1996) 301.

De Laat, C.T.A.M., P.G.Kuijer, P. Olthuis, W. Lourens, A distributed data acquisition system by ATM Networks, a pilot study. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Vol 43, no 1, February 1996, 123-127.

De Witt Huberts, P.K.A. Intermediate-energy hadronic physics with the AmPS-NIKHEF facility. Prog. in Part. and Nucl. Phys. 36 (1996) 301.

Erné, F.C. γ γ physics. Physics at LEP2, vol. 1, 291.

Erné, F.C. Event generators for WW physic. Physics at LEP2, vol. 2, 3.

Iliadis, C., L. Buchmann, P.M. Endt, H. Herndl, M. Wiescher, New stellar reaction rates for 25Mg(p,γ) 26Al and 25Al(p,γ) 26Si. Phys. Rev. C53 (1996) 475.

L3 Collaboration., Acciarri M. et al. (A. Buijs, F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee, W.L. van Rossum), Measurement of η production in two and three-jet events from hadronic Z decays at LEP. Phys. Lett. B371 (1996) 126-136.

L3 Collaboration., Acciarri M. et al. (A. Buijs, F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee, W.L. van Rossum), Measurement of hadron and lepton-pair production at 130 GeV < s < 140 GeV at LEP. Phys. Lett. B370 (1996) 195-210.

L3 Collaboration., Acciarri M. et al. (A. Buijs, F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee, W.L. van Rossum), α Study of the structure of hadronic events and determination of s at s =130GeV and 136GeV. Phys. Lett. B371 (1996) 137-148.

L3 Collaboration., Acciarri M. et al. (A. Buijs, F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee, W.L. van Rossum), Search for excited leptons in e+e- annihilation at s = 130--140GeV. Phys. Lett. B370 (1996) 211-221.

L3 Collaboration., Acciarri M. et al. (A. Buijs, F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee, W.L. van Rossum), Measurement of muon-pair production at 50 s 86 GeV at LEP. Phys. Lett. B374 (1996) 331.

L3 Collaboration., Acciarri M. et al. (A. Buijs, F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee, W.L. van Rossum), Search for supersymmetric particles at 130 GeV s 140 GeV at LEP. Phys. Lett. B377 (1996) 289.

L3 Collaboration., Acciarri M. et al. (A. Buijs, F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee, W.L. van Rossum), Search for unstable sequential neutral and charged heavy leptons in e+e- annihilation at s = 130 and 136 GeV. Phys. Lett. B377 (1996) 304.

206 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 8 : Subatomic Physics Program Leader : Prof. dr. T. Peitzmann

L3 Collaboration., Acciarri M. et al. (A. Buijs, F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee, W.L. van Rossum), Measurement of the Michel parameters and the average τ neutrino helicity from τ decays in e+e- → τ +τ-. Phys. Lett. B377 (1996) 313.

L3 Collaboration., Acciarri M. et al. (A. Buijs, F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee, W.L. van Rossum), Observation of multiple hard photon final states at s = 130 - 140 GeV at LEP. Phys. Lett. B384 (1996) 323.

L3 Collaboration., Acciarri M. et al. (A. Buijs, F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee, W.L. van Rossum), Measurement of the branching ratios b→ eνµ X,,ντν X X and ν X . Z. Phys. C 71 (1996) 379.

L3 Collaboration., Acciarri M. et al. (A. Buijs, F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee, W.L. van Rossum), Search for new particles in hadronic events with isolated photons. Phys. Lett. B388 (1996) 409.

L3 Collaboration., Acciarri M. et al. (A. Buijs, F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee, W.L. van Rossum), 0 Measurement of the Bd meson oscillation frequency. Phys. Lett. B383 (1996) 487.

L3 Collaboration., Acciarri M. et al. (A. Buijs, F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee, W.L. van Rossum), Search for neutral higgs boson production through the process e+e- Z*H0. Phys. Lett. B385 (1996) 454.

L3 Collaboration., Acciarri M. et al. (A. Buijs, F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee, W.L. van Rossum), Measurement of the lifetime of the τ lepton. Phys. Lett. B389 (1996) 187.

The LEP Experiments: ALEPH, DELPHI, L3 and OPAL, Combining heavy flavour electroweak measurements at LEP. Nucl. Instr. and Meth. 378 (1996) 101.

Peitzmann, T. et al., A new monitoring system for the photon spectrometer LEDA in the WA98 Experiment. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A376, 368-374, 1996.

1997 (refereed) Bootsma, T.M.V., G.J. van Nieuwenhuizen, P.F. Box, R. Kamermans, P.G. Kuijer, C.T.A.M. de Laat, C.J.W. Twenhöfel, P. Decowski, K.A. Griffioen, Evaporation residue cross sections for 40Ca+48Ti at 25.0 and 33.9 MeV per nucleon. Zeitschrift für Physik A359 (1997), 391.

De Laat C.T.A.M., P.G. Kuijer, H.P. Olthuis, V.J. Giesing, J. Venema, Experiences with the application of LAN emulation in a data acquisition system. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 44 (1997) 1635.

Kampert, K. H. et al. (T. Peitzmann), Comment on 'Search for direct photons from S - Au collisions at 200 GeV / nucleon' by the CERES collaboration. Z. Phys. C 74, 587, 1997.

207 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 8 : Subatomic Physics Program Leader : Prof. dr. T. Peitzmann

L3 Collaboration., Acciarri M. et al. (A. Buijs, F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee, W.L. van Rossum), Search for neutral B meson decays to two charged leptons. Phys. Lett. B391 (1997) 474-480.

L3 Collaboration., Acciarri M. et al. (A. Buijs, F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee, W.L. van Rossum), Search for exclusive B decays to J and η or π0 with the L3 detector. Phys. Lett. B391 (1997) 481-490.

L3 Collaboration., Acciarri M. et al. (A. Buijs, F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee, W.L. van Rossum), Measurement of inclusive ω and η' production in hadronic Z decays. Phys. Lett. B393 (1997) 465-476.

L3 Collaboration., Acciarri M. et al. (A. Buijs, F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee, W.L. van Rossum), Study of the weak charged hadronic current in b decays. Phys. Lett. B393 (1997) 477-486.

L3 Collaboration., Acciarri M. et al. (A. Buijs, F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee, W.L. van Rossum), − →τ −ν − →τ −ν Measurement of Ds τ and a new limit for B τ . Phys. Lett. B396 (1997) 327- 337.

L3 Collaboration., Acciari M. et al. (A. Buijs, F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee, W.L. van Rossum), Pair production of W bosons in e+e- interactions at s = 161 GeV. Phys. Lett. B398 (1997) 223-238.

L3 Collaboration., Acciarri M. et al. (A. Buijs, F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee, W.L. van Rossum), Search for excited leptons in e+e- annihilation at s = 161 GeV. Phys. Lett. B401 (1997) 139-149.

L3 Collaboration., Acciari M. et al. (A. Buijs, F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee, W.L. van Rossum), Production of single W bosons at LEP. Phys. Lett. B403 (1997) 168-176.

L3 Collaboration., Acciari M. et al. (A. Buijs, F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee, W.L. van Rossum), + - QCD studies and determination of αs in e e collisions at s = 161 GeV and 172 GeV. Phys. Lett. B404 (1997) 390-402.

L3 Collaboration., Acciari M. et al. (A. Buijs, F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee, W.L. van Rossum), Production of e, µ and τ pairs in untagged two photon collisions at LEP. Phys. Lett. B407 (1997) 341-350.

L3 Collaboration., Acciari M. et al. (A. Buijs, F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee, W.L. van Rossum), Inclusive J/ ψ, ψprime and χc production in hadronic Z decays. Phys. Lett. B407 (1997) 351- 360.

L3 Collaboration., Acciari M. et al. (A. Buijs, F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee, W.L. van Rossum), 0 K s and Lambda production in quark and gluon jets at LEP. Phys. Lett. B407 (1997) 389- 401.

208 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 8 : Subatomic Physics Program Leader : Prof. dr. T. Peitzmann

L3 Collaboration., Acciari M. et al. (A. Buijs, F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee, W.L. van Rossum), Measurement of hadron and lepton pair production at 161 GeV s =172 GeV at LEP. Phys. Lett. B407 (1997) 361-376.

L3 Collaboration., Acciari M. et al. (A. Buijs, F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee, W.L. van Rossum), Measurement of W pair cross sections in e+e- interactions at s = 172 GeV and W decay branching fractions. Phys. Lett. B407 (1997) 419-431.

L3 Collaboration., Acciari M. et al. (A. Buijs, F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee, W.L. van Rossum), Cross section of hadron production in γγ collisions at LEP. Phys. Lett. B408 (1997) 450-464.

L3 Collaboration., Acciari M. et al. (A. Buijs, F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee, W.L. van Rossum), Search for anomalous four jet events in e+e- annihilation at s = 130 GeV - 172 GeV. Phys. Lett. B411 (1997) 330-338.

L3 Collaboration., Acciari M. et al. (A. Buijs, F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee, W.L. van Rossum), α Study of hadronic events and measurements of s between 30 and 91 GeV. Phys. Lett. B411 (1997) 339-353.

L3 Collaboration., Acciari M. et al. (A. Buijs, F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee, W.L. van Rossum), Search for the standard model Higgs Boson in e+e- interactions at 161 GeV < s < 172 GeV. Phys. Lett. B411 (1997) 373-386.

L3 Collaboration., Acciari M. et al. (A. Buijs, F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee, W.L. van Rossum), Search for heavy neutral and charged leptons in e+e- annihilation at s = 161 and s = 172 GeV. Phys. Lett. B412 (1997) 189-200.

L3 Collaboration., Acciari M. et al. (A. Buijs, F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee, W.L. van Rossum), Search for new physics in energetic single photon production in e+e- annihilation at the Z resonance. Phys. Lett. B412 (1997) 201-209.

L3 Collaboration., Acciari M. et al. (A. Buijs, F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee, W.L. van Rossum), Resonance formation in the π+ π - π 0 final state in two photon collisions. Phys. Lett. B413 (1997) 147-158.

L3 Collaboration., Acciari M. et al. (A. Buijs, F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee, W.L. van Rossum), Hard-photon production at s = 161 and 172 GeV at LEP. Phys. Lett. B413 (1997) 159-166.

L3 Collaboration., Acciari M. et al. (A. Buijs, F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee, W.L. van Rossum), Upsilon production in Z decays. Phys. Lett. B413 (1997) 167-175.

L3 Collaboration., Acciari M. et al. (A. Buijs, F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee, W.L. van Rossum), Measurements of mass, width and gauge couplings of the W Boson at LEP. Phys. Lett. B413 (1997) 176-190.

209 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 8 : Subatomic Physics Program Leader : Prof. dr. T. Peitzmann

L3 Collaboration., Acciari M. et al. (A. Buijs, F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee, W.L. van Rossum), Neutral-current four-fermion production in e+e- interactions at 130 GeV ≤ s ≤ 172 GeV. Phys. Lett. B413 (1997) 191-200.

L3 Collaboration., Acciari M. et al. (A. Buijs, F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee, W.L. van Rossum), Search for R-parity breaking S-neutrino exchange at LEP. Phys. Lett. B414 (1997) 373-381.

L3 Collaboration., Acciari M. et al. (A. Buijs, F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee, W.L. van Rossum), Single and multi-photon events with missing energy in e+e- collisions at 161 GeV < s < 172 GeV. Phys. Lett. B415 (1997) 299-310.

L3 Collaboration., Acciari M. et al. (A. Buijs, F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee, W.L. van Rossum), Measurement of the average lifetime of b-hadrons in Z decays. Phys. Lett. B416 (1997) 220- 232.

Onderwater C.J.G. et al. (Th.S. Bauer, D.J. Boersma, A. Misiejuk, H.W. Willering), 1 16 Dominance of S0 proton-pair emission in the O(e,e'pp) reaction. Phys. Rev. Lett. 78 (1997) 4893-4897.

Prendergast, E.P., E.M. Agterhuis, P.G. Kuijer, A. van den Brink, A.P. de Haas, R. Kamermans, C.T.A.M. de Laat, W. Lourens, C.J. Oskamp, R.J.M. Snellings, J.M. Voerman, Properties of CF4 and isobutane for use in microstrip gas counters. NIM A385 (1997) 243- 247.

WA93 Collaboration, Aggarwal M.M. et al. (A. Buijs, N.J.A.M. van Eijndhoven, F.J.M. Geurts, W.H. van Heeringen, R. Kamermans, T. Peitzmann, C.J.W. Twenhöfel), Soft photon production in central 200 GeV/nucleon S+Au collisions. Phys. Rev. C56 (1997) 1160-1163.

WA93 Collaboration Aggarwal M.M. et al. (A. Buijs, N.J.A.M. van Eijndhoven, F.J.M. Geurts, W.H. van Heeringen, R. Kamermans, T. Peitzmann, C.J.W. Twenhöfel), Event by event measurement of of photons in S+Au collisions at 200 AGeV. Phys. Lett. B404 (1997) 207-212.

WA93 Collaboration, Aggarwal M.M. et al. (A. Buijs, N.J.A.M. van Eijndhoven, F.J.M. Geurts, W.H. van Heeringen, R. Kamermans, T. Peitzmann, C.J.W. Twenhöfel) Azimuthal anisotropy in S+Au reactions at 200 AGeV. Phys. Lett. B403 (1997) 390-396.

Van Eijndhoven, N.J.A.M. On the observability of direct photons in ultra-relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions by means of inclusive photon and hadron spectra. Nucl. Phys. A618 (1997) 330-336.

Van Heeringen, W.H., A. Buijs, R. Kamermans, 'Anisotropy in ultra relativistic heavy ion collisions' in "Correlations and Fluctuations", Eds. Hwa et al., World Scientific Press (1997).

210 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 8 : Subatomic Physics Program Leader : Prof. dr. T. Peitzmann

1998 (refereed) 3 Bauer, Th.S., A.Misiejuk, D.M.Yeomans, q and pm dependence of the He(e,e'd)p reaction. Phys. Rev. Lett. 81 (1998) 2870-2873.

Bauer, Th.S., D.J. Boersma, Coherent π 0 production on 4He in the delta region. Nuclear Physics A631 (1998) 545c-549c.

Boersma, D.J. et al, The optical properties of the BigBite spectrometer at NIKHEF. NIM A412 (1998) 254-264.

Endt, P.M. Supplement to ‘Energy levels of A=21-44 nuclei (VII)’. Nucl. Phys. A633 (1998) 1-220.

Herndl, H., M. Fantini, C. Iliadis, P.M. Endt and H. Oberhummer, Thermonuclear reaction rate of 23Mg(p,γ)24Al. Phys. Rev. C58 (1998) 1798-1803.

L3 Collaboration., Acciarri M. et al. (A. Buijs, F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee, W.L. van Rossum), Missing mass spectra in hadronic events from e+e- collisions at s = 161-172 GeV and limits on invisible Higgs decays. Phys. Lett. B418 (1998) 389-398.

L3 Collaboration., Acciarri M. et al. (A. Buijs, F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee, W.L. van Rossum), Measurement of η' (958) formation in two-photon collisions at LEP1. Phys. Lett. B418 (1998) 399-410.

L3 Collaboration., Acciarri M. et al. (A. Buijs, F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee, W.L. van Rossum), Search for scalar leptons, charginos and neutralinos in e+e- collisions at s = 161 - 172 GeV. European Physical Journal C4 (1998) 207-219.

L3 Collaboration., Acciarri M. et al. (A. Buijs, F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee, W.L. van Rossum), Local multiplicity fluctuations in hadronic Z decays. Phys. Lett. B429 (1998) 375-386.

L3 Collaboration., Acciarri M. et al. (A. Buijs, F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee, W.L. van Rossum), Measurement of the weak dipole moments of the τ lepton. Phys. Lett. B426 (1998) 207-216.

L3 Collaboration., Acciarri M. et al. (A. Buijs, F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee, W.L. van Rossum), Angular multiplicity fluctuations in hadronic Z decays and comparison to QCD models and analytical calculations. Phys. Lett. B428 (1998) 186-196.

L3 Collaboration., Acciarri M. et al. (A. Buijs, F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee, W.L. van Rossum), Measurement of τ polarisation at LEP. Phys. Lett. B429 (1998) 387-398.

L3 Collaboration., Acciarri M. et al. (A. Buijs, F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee, W.L. van Rossum), Determination of the number of light neutrino species from single photon production at LEP. Phys. Lett. B431 (1998) 199-208.

211 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 8 : Subatomic Physics Program Leader : Prof. dr. T. Peitzmann

L3 Collaboration., Acciarri M. et al. (A. Buijs, F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee, W.L. van Rossum), 0 0 Measurement of the Bd - Bd oscillation frequency. European Physical Journal C5 (1998) 195-203.

L3 Collaboration., Acciarri M. et al. (A. Buijs, F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee, W.L. van Rossum), Search for new physics phenomena in fermion-pair production at LEP. Phys. Lett. B433 (1998) 163-175.

L3 Collaboration., Acciarri M. et al. (A. Buijs, F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee, W.L. van Rossum), Measurement of the anomalous magnetic and electric dipole moments of the τ lepton. Phys. Lett. B434 (1998) 169-179.

L3 Collaboration., Acciarri M. et al. (A. Buijs, F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee, W.L. van Rossum), Search for the standard model Higgs Boson in e+e- interactions at s = 183 GeV. Phys. Lett. B431 (1998) 437-450.

L3 Collaboration., Acciarri M. et al. (A. Buijs, F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee, W.L. van Rossum), Photon structure functions and azimuthal correlations of lepton pairs in tagged γγ collisions. Phys. Lett. B438 (1998) 363-378.

L3 Collaboration., Acciarri M. et al. (A. Buijs, F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee, W.L. van Rossum), Search for neutral Higgs Bosons of the minimal supersymmetric standard model in e+e- interactions at s = 130-183 GeV. Phys. Lett. B436 (1998) 389-402.

L3 Collaboration., Acciarri M. et al. (A. Buijs, F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee, W.L. van Rossum), γ Study of the hadronic photon structure function F2 at LEP. Phys. Lett. B436 (1998) 403- 416.

L3 Collaboration., Acciarri M. et al. (A. Buijs, F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee, W.L. van Rossum), Production of single W Bosons in e+e- interactions at 130 GeV < s < 183 GeV and limits on anomalous WW γ couplings. Phys. Lett. B436 (1998) 417-427.

L3 Collaboration., Acciarri M. et al. (A. Buijs, F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee, W.L. van Rossum), Test of CP invariance in Z →µ+µ- γ decay. Phys. Lett. B436 (1998) 428-436.

L3 Collaboration., Acciarri M. et al. (A. Buijs, F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee, W.L. van Rossum), Measurement of the inclusive charmless semileptonic branching fraction of beauty hadrons and a determination of Vub at LEP. Phys. Lett. B436 (1998) 174-186.

L3 Collaboration., Acciarri M. et al. (A. Buijs, F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee, W.L. van Rossum), Study of anomalous zzγ and zγγ couplings at LEP. Phys. Lett. B436 (1998) 187-198.

L3 Collaboration., Acciarri M. et al. (A. Buijs, F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee, W.L. van Rossum), Measurement of radiative Bhabha and quasi-real Compton scattering. Phys. Lett. B439 (1998) 183-196.

212 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 8 : Subatomic Physics Program Leader : Prof. dr. T. Peitzmann

L3 Collaboration., Acciarri M. et al. (A. Buijs, F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee, W.L. van Rossum), Measurement of W-pair cross sections in e+e- interactions at s = 183 GeV and W-decay branching fractions. Phys. Lett. B436 (1998) 437-452.

L3 Collaboration., Acciarri M. et al. (A. Buijs, F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee, W.L. van Rossum), Measurement of the Michel Parameters and the Average τ-Neutrino Helicity from τ Decays at LEP. Phys. Lett. B438 (1998) 405-416.

L3 Collaboration., Acciarri M. et al. (A. Buijs, F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee, W.L. van Rossum), Measurement of the effective weak mixing angle by jet-charge asymmetry in hadronic decays of the Z Boson. Phys. Lett. B439 (1998) 225-236.

L3 Collaboration., Acciarri M. et al. (A. Buijs, F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee, W.L. van Rossum), 0 Upper Limit on the Lifetime Difference of Short- and Long-Lived Bs Mesons. Phys. Lett. B438 (1998) 417-429.

Onderwater C.J.G. et al (Th.S.Bauer, D.J.Boersma, A.Misiejuk, H.W.Willering), Signatures for short-range correlations in 16O observed in the reaction 16O(e,e'pp)14C. Phys. Rev. Lett. 81 (1998) 2213-2216.

Röpke H. and P.M. Endt, Renaissance of the Nilsson-model approach to light nuclei: The case of the A=26 system. Nucl. Phys. A632 (1998) 173-204.

Snellings, R.J.M., A. van den Brink, A.P. de Haas, J.J.L.M. Habets, W. Hulsbergen, R. Kamermans, P.G. Kuijer, C.T.A.M. de Laat, R.W. Ostendorf, A. Péghaire, E.P. Prendergast, IMF-IMF azimuthal correlations as a tool to probe reaction dynamics in 36Ar + 48Ti at 45 AMeV. Phys. Lett. B426, (1998) 263-268.

WA98 Collaboration, Aggarwal M.M. et al. (A. Buijs, N.J.A.M. van Eijndhoven, F.J.M. Geurts, R. Kamermans, T. Peitzmann, C.J.W. Twenhöfel), Search for disoriented chiral condensates in 158 AGeV Pb+Pb collisions. Phys. Lett. B420 (1998) 169-179.

WA80 Collaboration, Albrecht R. et al. (R. Kamermans, T. Peitzmann, C.J.W. Twenhöfel, F.J.M. Geurts), Transverse momentum distributions of neutral pions from nuclear collisions at 200 AGeV. Eur. Phys. J. C5 (1998) 255-267.

WA98 Collaboration, Awes T.C. et al. (A. Buijs, N.J.A.M. van Eijndhoven, F.J.M.Geurts, R.Kamermans, T. Peitzmann, C.J.W.Twenhöfel), Collective flow as a probe of heavy ion reaction dynamics. Nucl. Phys. A630 (1998) 499-510.

WA98 Collaboration, Nayak T. et al. (A.Buijs, N.J.A.M. van Eijndhoven, F.J.M.Geurts, R.Kamermans, T. Peitzmann, C.J.W.Twenhöfel), Present status and future of DCC analysis. Nucl. Phys. A638 (1998) 249-260.

213 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 8 : Subatomic Physics Program Leader : Prof. dr. T. Peitzmann

WA98 Collaboration, Wyslouch B. et al. (A.Buijs, N.J.A.M. van Eijndhoven, F.J.M.Geurts, R.Kamermans, T. Peitzmann, C.J.W.Twenhöfel), Recent results on Pb+Pb collisions at 158 AGeV from the WA98 experiment at CERN. Nucl. Physics. A638 (1998) 147-159.

WA98 Collaboration, Peitzmann T. et al. (A.Buijs, N.J.A.M. van Eijndhoven, F.J.M.Geurts, R.Kamermans, T. Peitzmann, C.J.W.Twenhöfel), Systematics of hadron production, probing the final and initial states. Nucl. Physics. A638 (1998) 415-419.

WA98 Collaboration, Aggarwal M.M. et al. (A.Buijs, N.J.A.M. van Eijndhoven, F.J.M.Geurts, R.Kamermans, T. Peitzmann, C.J.W.Twenhöfel), Centrality dependence of neutral pion production in 158 AGeV 208Pb+208Pb collisions. Phys. Rev. Lett. 81 (1998) 4087.

WA93 Collaboration, Aggarwal M.M. et al (A.Buijs, N.J.A.M. van Eijndhoven, F.J.M.Geurts, R.Kamermans, T. Peitzmann,), Multiplicity and pseudorapidity distributions of photons in S+Au reactions at 200 AGeV. Phys. Rev. C58 (1998) 1146-1154.

1999 (refereed) L3 Collaboration., Acciarri M. et al. (A. Buijs, F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee, W.L. van Rossum), Single and Multi-Photon Events with Missing Energy in e+e- Collisions at s = 183 GeV. Phys. Lett. B 444 (1998) 503-515.

L3 Collaboration., Acciarri M. et al. (A. Buijs, F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee, W.L. van Rossum), Searches for scalar top and scalar bottom quarks in e+e- interactions at 161 GeV < s < 183 GeV. Phys. Lett. B 445 (1999) 428-438.

L3 Collaboration., Acciari M. et al. QCD Results from Studies of Hadronic Events produced in e+e- Annihilations at s = 183 GeV. Phys. Lett. B 444 (1998) 569-582).

Search for Charged Higgs bosons in e+e- collisions at centre-of-mass energies between 130 and 183 GeV. Phys. Lett. B 446 (1999) 368-377.

Measurement of the e+e- → Z → bb forward-backward aymmetry and the B0B0 mixing parameter using prompt leptons. Phys. Lett. B 448 (1999) 152-162.

2 γ The Q evolution of the Hadronic Photon Structure Function F2 at LEP. Phys. Lett. B 447 (1999) 147-156.

X C 2 Formation in Two-Photon Collisions at LEP. Phys. Lett. B 453 (1999) 73-82.

Inclusive Charm Production in Two-Photon Collisions at LEP. Phys. Lett. B 453 (1999) 83- 93.

Heavy Quarkonium Production in Z Decays. Phys. Lett. B 453 (1999) 94-106.

214 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 8 : Subatomic Physics Program Leader : Prof. dr. T. Peitzmann

Measurement of the cross-section for the process γ* γ* → hadrons at LEP. Phys. Lett. B 453 (1999) 333-342.

Study of Neutral-Current Four-Fermion and ZZ Production in e+e- Collisions at s = 183 GeV. Phys. Lett. B 450 (1999) 281-293.

Measurement of Mass and Width of the W Boson at LEP. Phys. Lett. B 454 (1999) 386-398.

Search for Scalar Leptons in e+e- collisions at s = 183 GeV. Phys. Lett. B 456 (1999) 283- 296.

Search for R-parity Violating Chargino and Neutralino Decays in e+e- Collisions up to s = 183 GeV. Phys. Lett. B 456 (1999) 354-366.

Measurement of an Elongation of the Pion Source in Z Decays. Phys. Lett. B 458 (1999) 517-528.

Formation of the ηc in Two-Photon Collisions at LEP. Phys. Lett. B 461 (1999) 155-166.

Search for Heavy Neutral and Charged Leptons in e+e- Annihilation at s = 183 and 189 GeV. Phys. Lett. B 462 (1999) 354-364.

Search for the Standard Model Higgs boson in e+e- interactions at s = 189 GeV. Phys. Lett. B 461 (1999) 376-386.

Search for heavy isosinglet neutrinos in e+e- annihilation at 130 < s < 189 GeV. Phys. Lett. B 461 (1999) 397-404.

Measurement of Inclusive D*+- production in two-photon collisions at LEP. Phys. Lett. B 467 (1999) 137-146.

Measurement of the spectroscopy of orbitally excited B mesons at LEP. Phys. Lett. B 465 (1999) 323-334.

Search for low scale gravity effects in e+e- Collisions at LEP. Phys. Lett. B 464 (1999) 135- 144.

Study of Z boson pair production in e+e- collisions at LEP at s = 189 GeV. Phys. Lett. B 465 (1999) 363-375.

Search for charged higgs bosons in e+e- collisions at s = 189 GeV. Phys. Lett. B 466 (1999) 71-78.

215 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 8 : Subatomic Physics Program Leader : Prof. dr. T. Peitzmann

WA98 Collaboration, Aggarwal M.M. et al. (A.Buijs, N.J.A.M. van Eijndhoven, F.J.M.Geurts, R.Kamermans, T. Peitzmann, C.J.W.Twenhöfel), Freeze-out parameters in central 158A GeV 208Pb+Pb collisions. Phys.Rev.Lett. 83 (1999) 926-930.

WA98 Collaboration, Aggarwal M.M. et al. (A.Buijs, N.J.A.M. van Eijndhoven, F.J.M.Geurts, R.Kamermans, T. Peitzmann, C.J.W.Twenhöfel), Systematics of inclusive photon production in 158A GeV Pb induced reactions on Ni, Nb and Pb targets. Phys. Lett. B 458 (1999) 422-430.

WA98 Collaboration, Aggarwal M.M. et al. (A.Buijs, N.J.A.M. van Eijndhoven, F.J.M.Geurts, R.Kamermans, T. Peitzmann, C.J.W.Twenhöfel), Elliptic emission of K+ and π+in 158Z GeV Pb+Pb collisions. Phys. Lett. B 469 (1999) 30.

Passchier, I. et al. (Th.S. Bauer, D. Boersma, G. J. L. Nooren), Charge form factor of the neutron from the reaction 2H(e,e'n)p. Phys. Rev. Lett. 82 25, 4988-4991.

Groep, D.L. et al. (Th.S.Bauer), Electron-induced two-proton knockout from 3He. Proceedings of the 16th European Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics, Autrans, France, June 1-6 1998. Few-Body Systems Suppl. 10 (1999), 351-354.

B.Desplanques, K.Protasov, B.Silvestre-Brac, J.Carbon (ed.). Groep, D.L. et al. (Th.S. Bauer, D.J. Boersma), Investigation of the exclusive 3He(e,e'pp)n reaction. Phys. Rev. Lett. 83 (1999) 5443.

Van Uden, M.A. et al. (Th.S. Bauer, G.J.L. Nooren, H.W. Willering), The HARP liquid hydrogen system. NIM A424 (1999) 580-593.

Voutier E. et al. (Th.S. Bauer, H.W. Willering), Analytical method for polarimeter design optimization. NIM A430 (1999) 110-126.

De Haas A.P. et al. (A. van den Brink, P. Kuijer, C.J. Oskamp), Very low mass microcables for the ALICE silicon strip detector. Proceedings 5th Conference on Electronics for LHC Experiments, Snowmass, CO, USA, 20-24 Sep. 1999. 143-146.

Iliadis, Ch., P.M.Endt, N.Prantzos, W.J.Thompson, Explosive Hydrogen Burning of 27Si, 31S, 35Ar, and 39Ca in Novae and X-ray Bursts. Astrophysical Journal 524 (1999) 434-453.

Peitzmann, T,. Scaling Properties of Pion Production. Phys. Lett. B 450 (1999) 1.

2000 (refereed) JJJGG Boersma, D.J. Neutron electric form factor from 3 He(, e e ' n ). Nucl. Phys. A663-664 (2000) 417-420.

Buijs, A. The formation of charmonium states in photon photon collisions at LEP. Nucl. Phys. B, Proc. Suppl. 82 (2000) 300-305, in "Freiburg 1999, Structure and interactions of the photon".

216 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 8 : Subatomic Physics Program Leader : Prof. dr. T. Peitzmann

Carrer, N. et al. (A. van den Brink, N.J.A.M van Eijndhoven, A.P. de Haas, R.Kamermans, P.G. Kuijer, D. Muigg, E. Schillings, P.A.G. van de Ven), Determination of the event centrality in the WA97 and NA57 experiments. Proceedings of Strangeness 2000, 20-25 July 2000, Berkeley, California, USA.

De Meyer G. et al. (G.J.L. Nooren), Alpha-cluster correlations in the 16Oee(, 'α ) 12 C reaction. Phys. Lett. B513 (2001), 3, 258

Higinbotham D.W. et al. (Th.S. Bauer, D.J. Boersma), Recoil detection with a polarized 3He target. Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A 444 (2000) 547-558.

Kuijer, P.G. The Alice silicon strip detector system. Proceedings of Vertex 99, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A447 (2000) 251-256.

L3 Collaboration (Buijs, A., F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee), Higgs candidates in e+ e- interactions at s GeV. Phys. Lett. B495(2000) 18-25.

L3 Collaboration (Buijs, A., F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee), Search for charged Higgs bosons in e+ e- collisions at center of mass energies up to 202GeV. Phys. Lett. B496 (2000) 34-42.

L3 Collaboration (Buijs, A., F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee), Measurement of the W pair production cross section and W decay branching fractions in e+ e- interactions at s = 189GeV. Phys. Lett. B496 (2000) 19-33.

L3 Collaboration (Buijs, A., F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee), Measurement of Bose-Einstein correlations in e+ e- → W+ W- at s approx 189GeV. Phys. Lett. B493 (2000) 233-248.

L3 Collaboration (Buijs, A., F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee), Search for anomalous couplings in the Higgs sector at LEP. Phys. Lett. B489 (2000) 102-114.

L3 Collaboration (Buijs, A., F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee), Measurement of the W+ W- γ cross section and direct limits on anomalous quartic gauge boson couplings at LEP. Phys. Lett. B490 (2000) 187-195.

L3 Collaboration (Buijs, A., F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee), Search for a Higgs boson decaying into two photons in e+ e- interactions at s = 189GeV. Phys. Lett. B489 (2000) 115-124.

L3 Collaboration (Buijs, A., F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee), Determination of γ / Z interference in e+ e- annihilation at LEP. Phys. Lett. B489 (2000) 93-101.

L3 Collaboration (Buijs, A., F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee), Production of single W bosons at s = 189GeV and measurement of W W γ gauge couplings. Phys.Lett. B487 (2000) 229-240.

217 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 8 : Subatomic Physics Program Leader : Prof. dr. T. Peitzmann

L3 Collaboration (Buijs, A., F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee), QCD studies in e+ e- annihilation from 30GeV to 189GeV. Phys. Lett. B489 (2000) 65-80.

L3 Collaboration (Buijs, A., F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee), Search for manifestations of new physics in fermion pair production at LEP. Phys. Lett. B489 (2000) 81-92.

L3 Collaboration (Buijs, A., F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee), Search for anomalous Z Z γ and Z γ γ couplings in the process e+ e- → Z γ at LEP. Phys. Lett. B489 (2000) 55-64.

L3 Collaboration (Buijs, A., F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee), Measurements of the bbar b production cross section and forward backward asymmetry at center-of-mass energies above the Z pole at LEP. Phys. Lett. B485 (2000) 71-84.

L3 Collaboration (A. Buijs, F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee), Search for an invisibly decaying Higgs boson in e+ e- collisions at s = 183GeV- 189GeV. Phys. Lett. B485 (2000) 85-94.

L3 Collaboration (Buijs, A., F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee), Measurement of the photon structure function at high Q2 at LEP. Phys. Lett. B483 (2000) 373-386.

L3 Collaboration (Buijs, A., F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee), Measurement of the lifetime of the τ lepton. Phys. Lett. B479 (2000) 67-78.

L3 Collaboration (Buijs, A., F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee), Inclusive ∑+ and ∑0 production in hadronic Z decays. Phys. Lett. B479 (2000) 79-88.

L3 Collaboration (Buijs, A., F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee), Measurements of cross sections and forward backward asymmetries at the Z resonance and determination of electroweak parameters. Eur. Phys. J. C16 (2000) 1-40.

L3 Collaboration (Buijs, A., F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee), Search for charginos with a small mass difference with the lightest supersymmetric particle at s = 189GeV. Phys. Lett. B482 (2000) 31-42.

L3 Collaboration (Buijs, A., F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee), Measurement of the e+ e- → Zγγ cross section and determination of quartic gauge boson couplings at LEP. Phys. Lett. B478 (2000) 39-49.

L3 Collaboration (Buijs, A., F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee), Hard photon production and tests of QED at LEP. Phys. Lett. B475 (2000) 198-205.

L3 Collaboration (Buijs, A., F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee), Measurement of the running of the fine structure constant. Phys. Lett. B476 (2000) 40-48.

L3 Collaboration (Buijs, A., F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee), Measurement of hadron and lepton pair production at 130GeV< s < 189GeV at LEP. Phys. Lett. B479 (2000) 101-117.

218 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 8 : Subatomic Physics Program Leader : Prof. dr. T. Peitzmann

L3 Collaboration (Buijs, A., F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee), Direct observation of longitudinally polarized W± bosons. Phys. Lett. B474 (2000) 194-204.

L3 Collaboration (Buijs, A., F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee), Measurement of the probability of gluon splitting into charmed quarks in hadronic Z decays. Phys. Lett. B476 (2000) 243-25.

L3 Collaboration (Buijs, A., F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee), Measurement of Rb and Br ()bl→ νχ at LEP using double tag methods. Eur. Phys. J. C13 (2000) 47-61.

L3 Collaboration (Buijs, A., F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee), Search for charginos and neutralinos in e+e- collisions at s = 189GeV. Phys. Lett. B472 (2000) 420-433.

L3 Collaboration (Buijs, A., F.C. Erné, T. van Rhee), Search for excited leptons at s = 189GeV. Phys. Lett. B473 (2000) 177-185.

Manzari V. et al. (A. van den Brink, N.J.A.M van Eijndhoven, A.P. de Haas, R.Kamermans, P.G. Kuijer, D. Muigg, E. Schillings, P.A.G. van de Ven), Status of the NA57 experiment at CERN SPS. Proceedings of Strangeness 2000, 20-25 July 2000, Berkeley, California, USA.

NA57 collaboration (van den Brink, A., N.J.A.M. van Eijndhoven, A.P. de Haas, R.Kamermans, P.G. Kuijer, D. Muigg, E. Schillings, P.A.G. van de Ven), Probing the specific entropy produced in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions with a silicon pixel multiplicity detector: a simulation study. Nucl. Instr. and Methods A452 (2000) 323.

2 JJGG Passchier, I. et al. (G.J.L. Nooren), The charge form factor of the neutron from Heepn(, ' ) . Nucl. Phys. A663 (2000) 421-424.

Poolman H.R. et al. (Th.S. Bauer, D.J. Boersma), Experiments with longitudinally polarized electrons in a storage ring using a Siberian snake. Phys. Rev. Lett. 84 (2000) 3855-3858.

Prendergast, E.P., A.van den Brink, A.P.deHaas, R.Kamermans, P.G.Kuijer, C.T.A.M.deLaat, R.W.Ostendorf, E.Oti, A.Péghaire, R.J.M.Snellings, Flow and multifragmentation of 24Mg+27Al at intermediate energies. Phys.Rev. C61 (2000) 4611.

Van Albada G.D. et al. (G.J.L. Nooren), Measurement of mechanical vibrations excited in aluminium resonators by 0.6 GeV electrons. Rev. Sci. Instr 71 (2000), 3, 1345-1354.

WA98 Collaboration (Buijs, A., N.J.A.M. van Eijndhoven, F.J.M. Geurts, R.Kamermans, T. Peitzmann, E.C.van der Pijll), ∆++ production in 158AGeV 208Pb+208Pb interactions at the CERN SPS. Phys. Lett. B477 (2000) 37-44.

WA98 Collaboration (Buijs, A., N.J.A.M. van Eijndhoven, F.J.M. Geurts, R.Kamermans, T. Peitzmann, E.C.van der Pijll), Collective flow and HBT in Pb+Pb collisions at the CERN- SPS. Nucl. Phys. A663-664 (2000) 729-732.

219 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 8 : Subatomic Physics Program Leader : Prof. dr. T. Peitzmann

WA98 Collaboration (Buijs, A., N.J.A.M. van Eijndhoven, F.J.M. Geurts, R.Kamermans, T. Peitzmann, E.C.van der Pijll), Search for disoriented chiral condensates in 158AGeV Pb+Pb collisions. Nucl. Phys. A663-664 (2000) 745-748.

WA98 Collaboration (Buijs, A., N.J.A.M. van Eijndhoven, F.J.M. Geurts, R.Kamermans, T. Peitzmann, E.C.van der Pijll), Central Pb+Pb collisions at 158AGeV/c studied by pion pion interferometry. Eur. Phys. J. C16 (2000) 445-451.

WA98 Collaboration (Buijs, A., N.J.A.M. van Eijndhoven, F.J.M. Geurts, R.Kamermans, T. Peitzmann, E.C.van der Pijll), Three-pion interferometry results from central Pb+Pb collisions at 158AGeV/c. Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 (2000) 2895-2899.

WA98 Collaboration (Buijs, A., N.J.A.M. van Eijndhoven, F.J.M. Geurts, R.Kamermans, T. Peitzmann, E.C.van der Pijll), Direct photon production in 158AGeV Pb+Pb collisions. To appear in Phys. Rev. C.

WA98 Collaboration (Buijs, A., N.J.A.M. van Eijndhoven, F.J.M. Geurts, R.Kamermans, T. Peitzmann, E.C.van der Pijll), Scaling of particle and transverse energy production in Pb+Pb collisions at 158AGeV. Eur. Phys. J.C. 18 (2000) 651.

WA98 Collaboration (Buijs, A., N.J.A.M. van Eijndhoven, F.J.M. Geurts, R.Kamermans, T. Peitzmann, E.C.van der Pijll), Observation of direct photons in central 158AGeV Pb-208 + Pb-208 collisions. Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 (2000) 3595-3599.

WA98 Collaboration (Buijs, A., N.J.A.M. van Eijndhoven, F.J.M. Geurts, R.Kamermans, T. Peitzmann, E.C.van der Pijll), Direct photon production in 158AGeV Pb + Pb collisions. Nucl. Phys. A663-664 (2000) 769-777.

2001 (refereed) Antinori F. et al. (R. Kamermans, P.G. Kuijer, E. Schillings, P.v.d. Ven), Study of the production of Strange and Multi-Strange Particles in Lead-Lead. Interactions at the CERN SPS: the NA57 Experiment. NA57 collaboration Nucl.Phys. A681 (2001)165-173.

Antinori F. et al. (R. Kamermans, P.G. Kuijer, E. Schillings), Determination of the event centrality in the WA97 and NA57 experiments. WA97 and NA57 collaborations. J.Phys. G27 (2001) 391-396.

Antinori F. et al. (R. Kamermans, P.G. Kuijer, E. Schillings, P. v.d. Ven), Status of the NA57 experiment at CERN SPS. J.Phys. G27 (2001) 383-390.

NA49 Collaboration, Afanasev S.V. et al. (M. van Leeuwen), Event-by-event fluctuations of the kaon to pion ratio in central Pb+Pb collisions at 158-GeV per nucleon. Phys. Rev. Lett. 86(2001) 1965-1969.

Van Leeuwen, M. Proceedings Strange Quark Matter 2000: Production of multi-strange hyperons and strange resonances in the NA49 experiment. J.Phys. G27 (2001)367-374.

220 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 8 : Subatomic Physics Program Leader : Prof. dr. T. Peitzmann

WA98 collaboration, (N.J.A.M. van Eijndhoven, R. Kamermans, T. Peitzmann, E.C. van der Pijll).

Localized Charged-Neutral Fluctuations in 158 A GeV Pb+Pb Collisions. Phys. Rev. C64 (2001) 11901.

Measurement of the topological branching fractions of the τ lepton at LEP. Phys.Lett. B519 (2001) 189-198.

Standard model Higgs boson with the L3 experiment at LEP. Phys.Lett. B517 (2001) 319- 331.

Search for heavy neutral and charged leptons in e+ e- annihilation at LEP. Phys.Lett. B517 (2001) 75-85.

Search for heavy isosinglet neutrino in e+ e- annihilation at LEP. Phys.Lett. B517 (2001) 67- 74.

Total cross-section in γγ collisions at LEP. Phys.Lett. B519 (2001) 33-45.

Study of the e+ e- → Z γγ qq γγ process at LEP. Phys.Lett. B505 (2001) 47-58.

Measurement of the τ branching fractions into leptons. Phys.Lett. B507 (2001) 47-60.

Measurement of the charm production cross-section in γγ collisions at LEP. Phys.Lett. B514 (2001) 19-28.

Search for the standard model Higgs boson in e+ e- collisions at ̀√s up to 202 GeV. Phys.Lett. B508 (2001) 225-236.

Search for neutral Higgs bosons of the minimal supersymmetric standard model in e+ e- interactions at √s = 192 GeV - 202 GeV. Phys.Lett. B503 (2001) 21-33.

Measurements of the cross-sections for open charm and beauty production in γγ collisions at √s = 189 GeV to 202 GeV. Phys.Lett. B503 (2001) 10-20,2001.

Search for excited leptons in e+ e- interactions at √s = 192 GeV to 202 GeV. Phys.Lett. B502 (2001) 37-50.

Search for R-parity violating decays of supersymmetric particles in e+ e- collisions at s = 189 GeV. Eur.Phys.J. C19 (2001) 397-414. K0(s)K0(s) final state in two photon collisions and implications for glueballs. Phys.Lett. B501 (2001) 173-182.

221 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 8 : Subatomic Physics Program Leader : Prof. dr. T. Peitzmann

+ + + - Light resonances in K0(s) K π and η π π final states in γγ collisions at LEP. Phys.Lett. B501 (2001) 1-11.

Study of Z boson pair production in e+ e- interactions at √s = 192 GeV - 202 GeV. Phys.Lett. B497 (2001) 23-38.

De Meyer G. et al, (G.J.L.Nooren), Alpha-cluster knockout in the 16O(e,e'α ) 12C reaction, PhysicsLetters B513(2001) 258

ZEUS Collaboration; Chekanov S. et al. (P.Kooijman) Dijet production in neutral current deep inelastic scattering at HERA Eur. Phys. J. DOI 10(2001)1007/s100520100845

ZEUS Collaboration; Chekanov S. et al. (P.Kooijman) Three-jet production in diffractive deep inelastic scattering at HERA Phys. Let. B 516 (2001) 3-4, pp 273-292

ZEUS Collaboration; Chekanov S. et al. (P.Kooijman) Measurement of the neutral current + cross section and F2 structure function for deep inelastic e p scattering at HERA Eur. Phys. J. C 21 (2001) 3, pp 443-471

ZEUS Collaboration; Chekanov S. et al. (P.Kooijman) Multiplicity moments in deep inelastic scattering at HERA Phys. Let. B 510 (2001) 36-54

ZEUS Collaboration; Chekanov S. et al. (P.Kooijman) Study of the effective transverse momentum of partons in the proton using prompt photons in photoproduction at HERA Phys. Let. B 511 (2001) 19-32

ZEUS Collaboration; Breitweg J. et al .(P.Kooijman) Measurement of dijet production in 2 α neutral current deep inelastic scattering at high Q and determination of s Phys. Let. B 507 (2001) 70-88

ZEUS Collaboration; Breitweg J. et al .(P.Kooijman) Measurement of open beauty production in photoproduction at HERA Eur. Phys. J. C 18 (2001) 625-637

ZEUS Collaboration; Breitweg J. et al. (P.Kooijman) Measurement of dijet cross sections for events with a leading neutron in photoproduction at HERA Nucl. Phys. B 596 (2001) 3-29

ZEUS Collaboration; Breitweg J. et al. (P.Kooijman) A search for resonance decays to ν -jet in e+p scattering at HERA Phys. Rev. D 63 (2001) Issue 5, Article # 052002

K. Adcox et al. (T. Peitzmann), Centrality dependence of charged particle multiplicity in Au- Au collisions at √sNN = 130 GeV Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 3500, 2001.

K. Adcox et al. (T. Peitzmann), Measurement of the mid-rapidity transverse energy distribution from √sNN = 130 GeV Au+Au collisions at RHIC. Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 2001, 052301.

222 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 8 : Subatomic Physics Program Leader : Prof. dr. T. Peitzmann

2002 (refereed) Adcox, K. et al. (T. Peitzmann), Centrality dependence of π ±± , K , p and p production from √sNN =130 GeV Au + Au collisions at RHIC, Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 242301, 2002.

Adcox, K. et al. (T. Peitzmann), Transverse momentum dependence of the two-pion correlation for Au+Au collisions √sNN =130 GeV, Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 192302, 2002.

Adcox, K. et al. (T. Peitzmann), Measurement of single electrons and implications for charm production in Au+Au collisions √sNN =130 GeV. Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 192303, 2002.

Adcox, K. et al. (T. Peitzmann), Net Charge Fluctuations in Au+Au Interactions at √sNN =130 GeV. Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 082301, 2002.

Adcox, K. et al. (T. Peitzmann), Event-by event fluctuations in Mean pT and mean eT in √sNN = 130GeV Au+Au Collisions. Phys. Rev. C 66, 024901, 2002.

Adcox, K. et al. (T. Peitzmann), Flow Measurements via Two-particle Azimuthal Correlations in Au + Au Collisions at √sNN =130 GeV. Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 212301, 2002.

Adcox, K. et al.(T. Peitzmann), Measurement of the Λ and Λbar Particles in Au + Au Collisions at √sNN =130 GeV, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 092302, 2002.

Adcox, K. et al., (T. Peitzmann), Suppression of Hadrons With Large Transverse Momentum in Central Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 130 GeV, Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 022301, 2002.

ANTARES Collaboration (G.J.L. Nooren), The ANTARES optical module, NIM A484 (2002) 369.

Antinori, F., et al. (R. Kamermans, P.G. Kuijer, E. Schillings), First results on strange baryon production from the NA57 experiment, Nucl. Phys. A698(2002)118C.

HERA-B Collaboration (H. Wahlberg). Measurement of the b anti production cross-section in 920-GeV fixed target proton nucleus collisions, Submitted to Eur.J.Phys.C

NA57 Collaboration (N.J.A.M. van Eijndhoven, R. Kamermans, P.G. Kuijer, E. Schillings, P.C. de Rijke), Results on Hyperon Production from NA57, J. Phys.G28(2002) 1607.

NA57 Collaboration (N.J.A.M. van Eijndhoven, R. Kamermans, P.G. Kuijer, E. Schillings, P.C. de Rijke), First results on strange baryon production from the NA57 experiment, Nucl. Phys. A698 (2002) 118.

NA49 Collaboration (M. van Leeuwen, M. Botje), Energy dependence of pion and kaon production in central Pb+Pb collisions, Phys. Rev. C66 (2002) 054902.

NA49 Collaboration (M. van Leeuwen, M. Botje), Cascade and anti-cascade+ production in central Pb+Pb collisions at 158-GEV/C per nucleon, Phys. Lett. B538 (2002) 275-281.

223 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 8 : Subatomic Physics Program Leader : Prof. dr. T. Peitzmann

NA49 collaboration (M. van Leeuwen, M. Botje), Baryon number transfer in nuclear collisions at SPS energie, Acta Phys. Polon. B33 (2002) 1483-1494.

NA49 collaboration (M. van Leeuwen, M. Botje), Baryon number transfer and central net baryon density in elementary hadronic interactions, Acta Phys. Polon. B33 (2002) 1473- 1482.

NA49 collaboration (M. van Leeuwen, M. Botje), Cascade production in p + p,p + A and A + A interactions at 158-A-GEV. Nucl. Phys. A698 (2002) 491-494.

NA49 collaboration (M. van Leeuwen, M. Botje), Production of strange resonances in C + C and Pb + Pb collisions at 158-A-GEV. Nucl.Phys. A698 (2002) 487-490.

NA49 collaboration (M. van Leeuwen, M. Botje), New results from NA49, Nucl.Phys. A698 (2002) 104-111.

NA49 collaboration (M. van Leeuwen, M. Botje), Energy dependence of kaon production in central Pb+Pb collisions, J.Phys. G28 (2002) 1689-1696.

NA49 collaboration (M. van Leeuwen, M. Botje), Lambda production in central Pb+Pb collisions at CERN SPS energies, J. Phys. G28 (2002) 1761-1768.

NA49 collaboration (M. van Leeuwen, M. Botje), Strange particle production in p+p, p + Pb and Pb+Pb interactions from NA49, J.Phys. G28 (2002) 1675-1682.

Peitzmann, T., and M.H. Thoma, Direct Photons from Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions. Phys. Rep. 364, 175-246 , 2002.

Spaltro, C.M.,et al. (G.J.Nooren), The 3He(e,e'd)p reaction in (q, w)-constant kinematics, Nucl. Phys A706 (2002) 403.

Van Eijndhoven, N., and Wouter Wetzels, In-event background and signal reconstruction for two-photon invariant-mass analyses, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A482 (2002) 513.

WA98 Collaboration (N.J.A.M. van Eijndhoven, R. Kamermans, T. Peitzmann, E.C. van der Pijll), Transverse mass distributions of neutral pions from 208Pb-induced reactions at 158 AGeV, Eur. Phys. J. C23 (2002) 225.

WA98 Collaboration (N.J.A.M. van Eijndhoven, R. Kamermans, T. Peitzmann, E.C. van der Pijll), Event-by-Event Fluctuations in Particle Multiplicities and Transverse Energy, Produced in 158 AGeV Pb+Pb Collisions, Phys. Rev. C65 (2002) 054912.

WA98 Collaboration (N.J.A.M. van Eijndhoven, R. Kamermans, T. Peitzmann, E.C. van der Pijll), One-, Two- and Three-Particle Distributions from 158 AGeV/c Central Pb+Pb Collisions, Phys. Rev.C67 (2003) 014906

224 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 8 : Subatomic Physics Program Leader : Prof. dr. T. Peitzmann

WA98 Collaboration (N.J.A.M. van Eijndhoven, R. Kamermans, T. Peitzmann, E.C. van der Pijll), Direct Photons in WA98, Nucl. Phys. A698 (2002) 135.

ZEUS Collaboration; S. Chekanov et al. (P. Kooijman), Measurement of high-Q2 charged current cross sections in e-p deep inelastic scattering at HERA, Phys. Lett. B539 (2002) 197.

ZEUS Collaboration; S. Chekanov et al. (P. Kooijman), Leading Neutron production in e+p collisions at HERA, Nucl. Phys. B637 (2002) 3.

ZEUS Collaboration; S. Chekanov et al. (P. Kooijman), Measurement of the Q2 and energy dependence of diffractive interactions at HERA, Europ. Phys. Journal C25 (2002) 169.

ZEUS Collaboration; S. Chekanov et al. (P. Kooijman), Exclusive photoproduction of J/ψ mesons at HERA, Europ. Phys. Journal C24 (2002) 3,345.

ZEUS Collaboration; S. Chekanov et al. (P. Kooijman), Search for lepton-flavor violation in e+p collisions at HERA, Phys. Rev. D65 (2002) 092004.

ZEUS Collaboration; S. Chekanov et al. (P. Kooijman), Di-jet photoproduction at HERA and the structure of the photon, Europ. Phys. Journal C23 (2002) 4,615.

ZEUS Collaboration; S. Chekanov et al. (P. Kooijman), High-mass dijet cross sections in photoproduction at HERA, Phys. Lett. B531 (2002) 9.

ZEUS Collaboration; S. Chekanov et al. (P. Kooijman), Measurement of the photon-proton total cross section at a center-of-mass energy of 209 GeV at HERA, Nucl. Phys. B627 (2002) 3.

ZEUS Collaboration; S. Chekanov et al. (P. Kooijman), Searches for excited fermions in ep collisions at HERA, Phys. Lett. B549 (2002) 32.

ZEUS Collaboration; S. Chekanov et al. (P. Kooijman), Di-jet production in neutral current deep inelastic scattering at HERA, Europ. Phys. Journal C23 (2002) 1,13.

ZEUS Collaboration; S. Chekanov et al. (P. Kooijman), Properties of hadronic final states in diffractive deep inelastic scattering at HERA, Phys. Rev. D65 (2002) 052001.

2002 (submitted to a refereed journal and not yet published as of 31 December 2002) NA57 Collaboration (N.J.A.M. van Eijndhoven, R. Kamermans, P.G. Kuijer, E. Schillings, P.C. de Rijke), Results on L and Ξ production in Pb-Pb collisions at 160 GeV/c per nucleon from the NA57 experiment. To appear in the proceedings of the annual Rencontres de Moriond.

NA49 collaboration (M. van Leeuwen, M. Botje), Quark Matter: Recent results on spectra and yields from NA49. To appear in Phys Rev A.

225 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 8 : Subatomic Physics Program Leader : Prof. dr. T. Peitzmann

NA49 collaboration (M. van Leeuwen, M. Botje), Energy dependence of lambda and anti- lambda production at CERN SPS energies. To appear in Phys.Rev A.

NA49 collaboration (M. van Leeuwen, M. Botje), System size dependence of strangeness production at 158-A-GEV. To appear in Phys Rev A.

NA49 collaboration (M. van Leeuwen, M. Botje), Baryon and anti-Baryon production in hadron-hadron and hadron nucleus interactions. To appear in Phys Rev A.

WA98 Collaboration (N.J.A.M. van Eijndhoven, R. Kamermans, T. Peitzmann, E.C. van der Pijll), Particle Density Fluctuations. To appear in Nucl. Phys.A.

NA49 collaboration (M. van Leeuwen, M. Botje), Results on correlations and fluctuations from NA49. To appear in Phys Rev A.

226 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 9 : Astrophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr N. Langer

2. Documentation per research program

Title of the program Astrophysics

Program leader Prof. dr. N. Langer (from 2001) Directors Astonomical Institute Utrecht (SIU) Prof. dr. A. Achterberg (until 2001) Prof. dr. N. Langer (from 2001)

Starting date of the program Formally this program was established when the Research Institute was created in 2001. However, the research in this program dates back from before 1996.

Research area and mission Stellar evolution, stellar winds, magneto-hydrodynamics, nucleosynthesis, stellar X- and γ-ray sources, observations with large telescopes and satellites, massive parallel computing. In-depth theoretical study of phenomena observed in stars, in addition to empirical morphology and classification studies.

Formal affiliations outside The Netherlands Research School For Astronomy the Research Institute (NOVA)

2.1. Leadership The program leader represents the Astrophysics Program within the Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy. He is responsible for the quality and cohesion of the research, and for the resources provided by the Faculty. This happens in close consultation and collaboration with the other permanent members of the program. Together with the leaders of the other research programs he discusses the general policies of the Research Institute at regular meetings and makes recommendations to the director. The program leader represents the program in the planning and control session that is organized by the Faculty Board once a year, where the plans and budget request for the coming year are presented. The presentations form the basis for the budget allocations made by the Faculty Board for the subsequent year. The present program leader is also the director of the Astronomical Institute, which hosts the programs Astrophysics and Solar Astronomy. See also: Part A, 1.2.

2.2. Strategy and policy It is the aim of our research to gain an understanding of cosmic objects and occurrences within the laws of physics, to test those laws under extreme conditions, and to discover new cosmic features. It is strength of the program to pursue in depth theoretical investigations of phenomena discovered by space and ground based observations.

227 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 9 : Astrophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr N. Langer

Out of the multitude of cosmic phenomena, our research is focussed on two fields. The Stellar Astrophysics part of the program studies the evolution of single and binary stars in all its facets. This includes the birth of stars in star clusters and starburst galaxies, the chemical evolution of the interior of stars and of their observable surfaces, nucleosynthesis processes in stars, the effects of strong mass loss in the form of stellar winds, and the influence of rotation on the life cycles of stars. The study of stars and star clusters in external galaxies enables the investigation of formation and evolution of stars and star clusters under conditions that differ greatly from those in our Milky Way.

High Energy Astrophysics research, apart from compact stars, concerns supernova remnants and cosmic rays, where it focuses on the processes which occur near the strong shocks which result in the tenuous interstellar gas following the explosion of a massive star. Supernova remnants are believed to produce the Galactic cosmic rays below 1018 eV. The discovery of a non-negligible flux of Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Rays above 1020 eV, together with the discovery that Gamma Ray Bursts are at cosmological distances, have kindled interest in the dynamics and particle properties of ultra-relativistic shocks, which moves at speeds very close to the velocity of light.

Compact stars, i.e., white dwarfs, neutron stars and black holes, are a research subject of both, the Stellar Physics and the High Energy Astrophysics part of the program. Compact stars in binary and multiple systems are studied to test stellar evolution scenarios as they provide unique probes into the end-stages of stellar evolution, and to explore the physics of degenerate matter and of matter at nuclear densities. Mass accretion from the companion on the compact objects leads to high-energy radiation in so-called X-ray binaries. These objects are also found in dense star clusters which surround the Galaxy, and can be used to explore the effects of a very high star density on stellar evolution.

Stellar Astrophysics, traditionally strong in the Netherlands but now mostly concentrated in Utrecht, receives growing attention in the astronomy community due to the realization that an understanding of three most fascinating topics - the accelerated expansion of our Universe, the nature of Cosmic Gamma-ray Bursts, and extraterrestrial planets - requires stellar physics. Two new staff members have been appointed during the last three years to strengthen this field.

High Energy Astrophysics on the other hand - which is strongly interconnected to Stellar Astrophysics and also to the Solar Astrophysics research program - is still in its youth. Observing facilities are improving at a rapid rate, including space based high energy photon missions: two major X-ray observatories have just been launched. New types of cosmic objects are being found (e.g. two types of Gamma-ray bursts and superluminous X-ray sources), and undoubtedly more will be found in the near future. Our groups are well prepared to meet these challenges.

Our research is conducted using both, observations and theory. Stellar Astrophysics as well as High Energy Astrophysics benefit greatly from the enormous advances in observational capabilities over the last years. In optical astronomy, telescopes of the 10-meter class, such as European Southern Observatory (ESO)'s Very Large Telescope, now allow spectroscopy

228 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 9 : Astrophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr N. Langer of very faint objects like white dwarfs and neutron stars, and photometry of star clusters in distant galaxies. The photon-efficiency of existing smaller optical telescopes, such as those of the UK-NL collaboration on La Palma and the ESO telescopes in Chile, has also increased markedly. The refurbished Hubble Space Telescope allows photometry and spectroscopy in the ultra-violet, optical and near-IR wavelength bands with high spatial resolution. The spatial and spectral resolution in the X-ray band have both increased tenfold with the launch of the new generation X-ray satellites such as NASA's CHANDRA satellite and ESA's XMM satellite, allowing for the first time an accurate census of binary X-ray sources in globular clusters, as well as unprecedented detailed X-ray spectroscopy of the coronae of hot stars and spatially resolved spectroscopy of extended X-ray sources such as supernova remnants. The Pulsar Machine (PUMA), working at the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope, offers unique capabilities for observing the detailed properties of pulsar radio emission at high time-resolution, while filtering out the dispersive effect of the intervening interstellar medium. Ground and space based missions are opening observing windows beyond the electromagnetic spectrum – in particular neutrino telescopes and gravity wave detectors, which we plan to exploit as soon as possible. The exploitation of data from satellite missions is done in close collaboration with the Netherlands Space Research Organisation (SRON), with the advantage of having their major location right next to our institute. Several SRON members participate in our teaching and research activities.

Our theoretical research uses extensive numerical models and simulations to calculate stellar evolution and nucleosynthesis, the dynamics of stars in stellar systems, and the gaseous structures surrounding stars, relativistic stellar explosions and plasma- and particle acceleration processes. The models obtained in this way are confronted with the observational data, allowing fundamental tests of stellar theories and general physical principles. The continued advance in computer technology over the last years has been fully exploited by our theorists, which resulted in sophisticated and unique computer programs allowing theoretical forefront research.

We will be able to continue to exploit these exciting developments to the fullest in the near future, due to two key factors. (i) The extension of the Netherlands Research School for Astronomy (NOVA) over its first period by another five years is expected in 2003 - it ranked first out of the five Top Research Schools in the Netherlands which were established as the result of a strong interdisciplinary competition. (ii) We expect a continued influx of young students and postdocs into our research field, which remained at a high rate even during the past 10 years where the number of physics students declined (at least nationally, but not in Utrecht). This is at least partly due to the strong national effort for the popularization of astronomy, in which several of our staff members play a key role (see 2.6).

The future research within the Astrophysics program will be directed towards the following key questions: - Which single or binary stars or stellar systems terminate their existence in a so-called gamma-ray burst, i.e. a most powerful and anisotropic stellar explosion resulting in the production of a black hole?

229 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 9 : Astrophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr N. Langer

- What is the structure of the gaseous medium around stars by the time they end their life in a supernova or gamma-ray burst event, and how does this affect the appearance of the event itself and of its remnant, and the related particle acceleration processes? - Which stellar binary systems produce so-called Type Ia supernovae, i.e. exploding white dwarfs, how does this depend on the cosmic evolution, and what is the relevance of this for key cosmological parameters? - What is the influence of high stellar density on the evolution of single and binary stars in clusters, what are the consequences for stellar X- and gamma-ray emission, and for expected gravitational wave signals? - Which new nucleosynthesis channels are opened by the consideration of internal mixing in stars and by stellar binary interaction processes, in particular concerning the s-, r- and p-process production of trans-iron nuclei, but also for individual lighter nuclei? - What population of compact objects emits hard X- and gamma-rays, and what are the production processes of this radiation? - How do galaxy-galaxy interaction create bursts of star and starcluster formation and what is the role of these interactions in the destruction of starclusters and the formation of field stars? - What does X-ray spectroscopy tell us about the central engines of active galactic nulclei and quasars? and about the formation of clusters of galaxies?

2.3. Processes in research, internal and external collaboration The direction of our research is driven by scientific questions and bounded by feasibility aspects, the latter referring to capabilities of current telescopes and computers. Even though, in contrast to other astronomy groups, our progress is not driven by technological advances, we eagerly exploit new technologies as far as they can be useful for our research.

Our astrophysics research is embedded in the Netherlands Research School for Astronomy (NOVA), in particular in two of the three research themes defined in the NOVA program: (i) Birth and death of stars and (ii) Final stages of stellar evolution. Since the "cosmic laboratory" provides conditions which are unattainable on earth, and since virtually all physics disciplines are relevant to our studies, there are mutual connections between our program and other physics branches, in particular hydrodynamics, plasmaphysics, nuclear and atomic physics, and theoretical physics. The work of the Astronomy staff in Utrecht is profiting from strong internal relations with staff members of the Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, the SRON Space Research Laboratory, and the FOM institute for plasma physics at Rijnhuizen, at various levels, involving common grant proposals, common thesis supervision, common observing proposals, and common education projects.

All staff members of the Astronomy program have permanently intense collaborations with groups within the Netherlands (in particular with the University of Amsterdam), and even more so internationally (cf. our list of publications). Frequently, our graduate students and post-docs are being involved into these relations.

The direction of our research is steered by this complex system of interactions, supplemented by regular (typically 3 per year per staff member) attendance of international scientific

230 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 9 : Astrophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr N. Langer conferences. Our staff members frequently give invited reviews and are often co-organizers of the international conferences.

It is vital for the continued progress in our field to attract and thoroughly train and educate undergraduate and graduate students. The attraction of young bright students is done in combined efforts with the Julius School. We also organize a special masterclass for female highschool students, to attract more girls into science studies. Several staff members visit high schools and frequently give public astronomy lectures. Several staff members teach astrophysics at the University College Utrecht of which about one student every year enteres the Astronomy Masters program at our Institute.

Next to a balanced and modern Astronomy Masters program, this aim is achieved through individual supervision and several levels of group meetings and seminars at the Astronomy Institute. Furthermore, all graduate students are required to participate in the national graduate program organized by the NOVA Research School. They are required to attend the NOVA Autumn-school for PhD students and the yearly Netherlands Astronomy Conference. The quality of ongoing PhD work is further supervised on the national level through yearly institute visitations of a NOVA committee with the specific aim to evaluate and advise supervisors and PhD students involved in ongoing PhD work at the individual level. Finally, we support the frequent presentation of the research results of our students at international scientific conferences, which leads to an average participation frequency of PhD students at such conferences of about one per year.

2.4. Academic reputation Achterberg - ASTRON board (1998-2002) - Advisory Committee of Astronomy of the Gebiedsbestuur Exacte Wetenschappen of NWO-EW (2000-2002) - Netherlands Committee on Astronomy (NCA) - NOVA Board 1999-2002

Bleeker - NLR-NIVR member Sub committee Space Technique, Scientific Committee NLR-NIVR - Member Netherlands Committee on Astronomy (NCA) - Co-chairman Science Steering Committee, Italian-Dutch X-ray Satellite (SAX) - Member IAU Commission 44 on Space and High Energy Astrophysics - COSPAR Associate, Scientific Commission E on Research in Astrophysics from Space - Member Programme Executive Committee, Italian-Dutch X-ray Satellite (SAX) - Member European Low Gravity Research Association (ELGRA) - Member Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen - Member Academia Europaea - Member Hollandsche Maatschappij der Wetenschappen - Co-chairman XMM-Science Working Team (ESA-mission scientist) - Member Selection committee International Space University (ISU) - Member Editorial Board Space Science Reviews - Advisor Netherlands Industrial Space Organisation (NISO)

231 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 9 : Astrophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr N. Langer

- Member European Astronomical Society (EAS) - Board member Foundation for Experimental and Technical Physics - Advisory member board Netherlands Research school for Astronomy (NOVA) - Dutch delegate Science Programme Committee (SPC) of the European Space Agency (ESA) - Member Board of Trustees, Basic Sciences, International Academy of Astronautics (IAA) - Advisory member Interdepartemental Commission for Space (ICR) - Member advisory board Foundation “SPACE” (since 1997) - Member scientific advisory commission Anton Pannekoek Instituut van de University of Amsterdam (since 1998) - Member advisory baord of the NIVR (since 2000) - Member board of Physics and Astronomy of the KNAW (since 2000) - Member XEUS Science Advisory Group (since 2000) - Member Scientific Organizing Committee “High Energy Astrophysics Symposium” for the 32nd COSPAR assembly (1997-1998) - Chair European Space Physical Sciences Panel ESSC/ESF (1999-2001) - Member ad hoc panel “New initiatives for large-scale collaborative space missions”, ESSC/ESF (1999-2001)

Hearn - Board of Directors of the European Journal Astronomy and Astrophysics (until 05/2002)

Kuijpers (see also Solar Astronomy) - Member ASTRON Board

Kuperus (see also Solar Astronomy) - Chair Gebiedsbestuur Exacte Wetenschappen of the Netherlands Organization of Scientific Research (NWO) (until 2000) - Chair sectie Natuur- en Sterrenkunde of the KNAW (until 2003) - Chair Algemene Commissie Wetenschapsbeleid of Utrecht University (from 1999 until 2001) - Vice president Board for Physics and Astronomy of the KNAW (from 1999 until 2003) - Chair Curatorium Natuurkundig Gezelschap (from 1999 until 2003)

Lamers - Netherlands Foundation for Radio Astronomy (NFRA/ASTRON), boardmember (2002) - Member of HST Second Decade committee (1998-2001) - Chair National Committee for Teaching Astronomy (until 2000) - Chair Minnaert Committee for the Popularization of Astronomy (1996-2002) - Leidsch Kerkhoven-Bosscha fonds, member Board of Directors (1996-2002) - Leidse Sterrenwacht Foundation, member Board of Directors (1996-2002) - Mentor for PhD students of the Faculty of Physics and Astronomy (1996-2002)

232 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 9 : Astrophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr N. Langer

Langer - Advisory Committee of Astronomy of the Gebiedsbestuur Exacte - Wetenschappen of NWO (from 09/2001) - Program Committee of Hubble Space Telescope (1999) - Program Committee of the European Southern Observatory (ESO) (03/1998-03/2001) - Lorentz Center Advisory Board (since 02/2002) - Advisor Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (since 01/2000) - Advisor Australian Research Council (since 09/1996)

Van Kerkwijk - NWO advisory Board (from 01/2000 until 10/2002) - Program Committee of the European Southern Observatory (ESO) (from 01/1999 until 10/2002) - Time Allocation Committee of the Netherlands Foundation for Research in Astronomy (NFRA) (from 01/2000 until 10/2002)

Pols - Time Allocation Committee of the Netherlands Foundation for Research in Astronomy (NFRA) (from 10/2002)

Van der Laan - Chair Review Committee Technological Research Areas, KNAW (1996) - Member Fusion Programme Evaluation Committee, European Union (1996) - Chair Quality Assessment of Earth Sciences, VSNU (1996) - Chair Investigation Committee Space Technology, AWT (1997) - Member Committee for Peer review of SRON, NWO (1999) - Chair Evaluation Committee Space Research KNAW/NWO (2000)

Verbunt - NOVA board - Netherlands Committee on Astronomy (NCA) (from 2002) - Program Committee of the European Southern Observatory (ESO) (until 1998) - Member of HST TAC on Globular Clusters (2001) - Member of CGRO TAC - Member of XMM OTAC X-ray binaries (Chair) (from 2001 until 2003) - Member of BeppoSAX TAC X-ray Binaries (Chair) (until 1998)

2.5. Internal evaluation and analysis, perspectives and expectations for the research program Strengths. The Astrophysics Program is one of the strongest places worldwide for stellar research and hosts well recognized worldwide leading efforts. The research focus of the Astrophysics program on truely fundamental processes in nature leads to strong ties with neighboring institutions. This increases the efficiency in our research, in attracting funds, and in our teaching. The program is deeply embedded in the research landscape in Utrecht: collaboration with SRON Space Research Lab and FOM/Rhijnhuizen; scientific and methodological overlap with the local research programs Marine and Atmospheric Research,

233 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 9 : Astrophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr N. Langer

Subatomic Physics, and Quantum Gravity, Strings and Elementary Particles. It has strong scientific and educational links to the local Solar Astronomy program. As a result, the Astrophysics program has the unique potential to strengthen coherence and integrity within the Faculty.

Weaknesses. Given these qualities, the program’s impact and influence on national programs and on programs within Utrecht University should be increased. The focus on theoretical research becomes a weakness in gaining visibility and funding in competition with observational research. This is an important argument for strengthening the observational side of our research in the near future.

Opportunities. The near future of astronomy on a world-wide scale is largely determined by fundamentally new types of ground based telescopes and space missions opening exciting possibilities for research. Neutrino telescopes and gravitational wave detectors will provide new opportunities to observe stars. Instrumental progress has reached a stage where galaxies are being resolved into individual stars, and where stellar explosions are being found throughout the universe, providing the Astrophysics program with new research opportunities. Through the proximity of the SRON Space Research Lab and its manpower the program can benefit from space missions. The international focus on extra-galactic astronomy and cosmology opens possibilities to present the program even stronger in the field of stellar research. The program is thus in an excellent position to play a leading role in achieving progress on those astrophysical topics which will dominate in the near future.

Threats. Due to the lack of observationally oriented staff the program might miss out on exploitation opportunities from new ground based observing facilities. The extent of overcoming this problem will depend on results of current recruitment efforts and future expansion possibilities.

2.6. External validation The Astrophysics program plays a major role in the popularization of astronomy; it hosts the chair of the national Minnaert Committee for the Popularization of Astronomy. This committee, together with the NOVA Outreach Office, is responsible for the preparation of educational material for schools, the national astronomy website www.astronomy.nl, and the organization of special astronomy activities. It organises a National Teacher Astronomy Day, where high school teachers of various branches of science learn about the use of astronomy as examples for physics, chemistry and biology classes.

Several program members frequently give public lectures to amateur astronomy organizations throughout the country (about 20 per year), and in high schools and primary schools near Utrecht. Program members often write popular articles for Zenit, the Dutch popular astronomy magazine. Several of our students volunteer as guides and lecturers at the "Sonneborgh Observatory" in Utrecht. To increase the influx of female science students, we organize the yearly course of "Morgensterren" ("Tomorrow's stars") for about 20 female highschool students, in the form of a weeklong camp with projects and courses at the Astronomical Institute.

234 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 9 : Astrophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr N. Langer

Astronomy in Utrecht also continues to serve as an important incentive for young, bright students to choose a study in physics and astronomy, as shown by the constant enrolment in astronomy majors over the report period during a steady decline in the number of students in the exact sciences nationwide.

Our research is ultimately related to the fundamental questions of the origin and evolution of the universe, and the place of mankind in the cosmos. We address these questions by studying cosmology, galaxies, stars and the element formation therein. In this process we help to understand the laws of physics at the boundaries of the accessible parameter space, from extremely high to extremely low densities, temperatures and pressures, where relativity and quantum effects play major roles. In this way we contribute to the foundation of natural science.

We also develop mathematical and numerical methods, in cooperation with and used by scientists in the fields of plasma physics, fluid dynamics, applied mathematics, geophysics and atmospheric physics, in interdisciplinary efforts with mutual benefits. This leads to strong ties and formal collaborations with a variety of institutions within and outside Utrecht University.

The Astronomical Institute Utrecht is one of five university groups comprising the NOVA Research School, which was established on the national level in 1998 as the largest top- research school in the Netherlands. As part of NOVA, the Astronomy Program will be visited by an international committee, which will evaluate all of Dutch astronomy later this year.

The majority of expenses of the Astronomy Program for other than permanent staff is covered by external funding which, in all cases, has to be acquired through external competition and evaluation processes. This holds in particular for post-docs and PhD students, and for travel money. The Astronomy Program receives continued strong support by the Netherlands Research Organization (NWO), through the ASTRON foundation, and presently through NWO branch of Exact Sciences (Gebiedsbestuur Exacte Wetenschappen): We receive support through the Physics and Astromony section, and also through the Computational Science Program.

To support the exploitation of the unique opportunities offered by astronomical space research, as conducted by the Netherlands Space Research Organisation (SRON), adjacent to the physics building, the Astronomical Institute was supported through a special fund of Utrecht University, and enjoyed direct support by SRON.

Within inner-European collaborations, our institute is also supported by several European Union research networks. Further funding is achieved in collaboration with the Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM).

Van Kerkwijk was supported by a KNAW fellowship.

235 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 9 : Astrophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr N. Langer

Our research obtains an external evaluation and feedback through invitations of our staff members to attend or co-organize international conferences, and through the stringent refereeing system applied for publications in most astronomical journals.

2.7. Researchers and other personnel The Astrophysics Program aims at having 2 temporary senior staff positions in the frame of overlap appointments or guest professorships besides the permanent staff members. Currently the program has five permanent staff members and one opening (for ground based observational stellar astrophysics at the assistant professor level). The average duration of a PhD work in our program is 4 years and six months, which is only slightly longer than the nominal time of 4 years. During the report period no PhD student has dropped out.

Table 3: Astrophysics Research staff at program level Name and present title ‘96 ‘97 ‘98 ‘99 ‘00 ‘01 ‘02

Full professors A. Achterberg 0,40 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 A.G. Hearn 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,15 M. Kuperus 0,30 0,30 0,30 0,30 0,30 H.J.G.L.M. Lamers 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 N. Langer 0,60 0,60 0,60 F.W.M. Verbunt 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 Associate professors A. Achterberg 0,60 0,60 0,20 J.M.E. Kuijpers 0,21 0,21 0,21 0,21 0,21 0,04 A. Schadee 0,30 0,30 0,30 Assistant professors H. Nieuwenhuijzen 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,10 M.H. van Kerkwijk 0,20 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,45 O. Pols 0,20 0,60 Total tenured staff 3,51 3,51 3,71 3,31 3,36 3,24 3,45

Postdoctoral fellows L. Dessart 1,00 1,00 T.P. Downes 0,08 0,83 Y.A. Gallant 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00 0,17 A. Helmi 0,58 J.J.M. in ‘t Zand 0,96 0,83 H.M. Johnston 0,08 M. Kraus 0,25 1,00 E. Kuulkers 0,25 1,00 1,00 1,00 0,42 T.M. Lanz 0,75 1,00 0,25 J.A. Orosz 0,42 1,00 1,00 0,58 J. Petri 0,25 J.P. Rachen 0,33 1,00 1,00 0,08 G. Ramsay 0,75 A.P. Reynolds 0,92 P.J. Wheatley 1,00 0,08 Minnaert Chair P.S. Conti 0,10 Y. Tanaka 0,10

236 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 9 : Astrophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr N. Langer

Part-time professors J.A.M. Bleeker 0,12 0,12 0,12 0,12 0,12 0,12 0,12 H. van der Laan00000 0 PhD students Total 9,94 8,83 9,90 8,85 8,89 9,83 10,73 Total non tenured staff 14,76 11,12 12,69 12,39 13,01 14,41 15,52

Total research staff 18,27 14,63 16,40 15,70 16,37 17,64 18,97

Other program members Visiting staff Prof. dr. C. Aerts (from 01/2001 until 04/2001) Dr. Y.A. Gallant (02/2001) Prof. dr. R.G. Hewitt (from 04/1999 until 09/1999) Prof. dr. Y.N. Istomin (from 02/1997 until 09/1997) Drs. R. Kotak (06/1999, 04-05/2000, 08/2001) Dr. A. Marcowith (from 07/1999 until 01/2000) Prof. dr. D.B. Melrose (from 05/2000 until 07/2000) Prof. dr. L. Mestel (05/1997 and from 10/1997 until 12/1997) Dr. T. Nugis (11/2001) Dr. S. Shibata (from 05/1997 until 07/1997)

Emeritus professor Prof. dr. A.G. Hearn (since 4/2000)

2.8. Resources, funding and facilities External funding - The Astronomical Institute of Utrecht University is one of the four founding institutes of the national research school for astronomy NOVA, which has been granted the status of Top Research School in the Netherlands, and which has been a major source of external funds in the last years.

- Furthermore, the program receives continued strong support by the Netherlands Research Organisation (NWO), through the ASTRON foundation, and presently through the NWO branch of Exact Sciences (Gebiedsbestuur Exacte Wetenschappen): the program receives support through the Physics and Astronomy section, and also through the Computational Science Programme.

237 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 9 : Astrophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr N. Langer

- To support the exploitation of the unique opportunities offered by astronomical space research, as conducted by the Netherlands Space Research Organisation (SRON), adjacent to the physics building, the Astronomical Institute was supported through a special fund of Utrecht University, and enjoyed direct support by SRON.

- Within inner-European collaborations, the program is also supported by several European Union research networks. Further funding is achieved in collaboration with the Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM).

Data: Table 4a Astrophysics Funding at program level in K€ Funding 1996 19971998 1999 2000 2001 2002 97-02 average Direct funding 784 870 808 905 843 881 849 Research funds 42 44 58 82 98 235 211 121 Contracts 51 129 85 67 10 1 32 Other 25112 132 234 84

Total 829957 1.000 1.183 1.220 1.326 1086 Table 4a: The funding of the program during the evaluation period in k€.

Table 4b Astrophysics Funding at program level in % Funding 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 97-02 average Direct funding 95% 91% 81% 77% 69% 66% 78% Research funds 5% 6% 8% 8% 19% 16% 11% Contracts 3%8% 6% 1% 0% 3% Other 2%9% 11% 18% 8%

Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Table 4b: The funding of the program during the evaluation period in %. For an explanation see Research Institute documentation.

2.9. Overview of the results

1. Key publications 1. Verbunt, F., A census with ROSAT of low-luminosity X-ray sources in globular clusters, Astron. Astrophys. 368, 137-159, 2001

2. Gallant, Yves A.; Achterberg, Abraham, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray acceleration by relativistic blast waves, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astron. Soc. 305, 1999

238 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 9 : Astrophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr N. Langer

3. Heger, A.; Langer, N.; Woosley, S. E., Presupernova Evolution of Rotating Massive Stars, Astrophysical Journal 528, 368, 2000

4. Lamers, H.J.G.L.M., A. Nota, N. Panagia, L.J. Smith, N. Langer, Chemical composition and origin of nebulae around Luminous Blue Variables, Astrophys.J. 551, p. 764, 2001

5. Boutloukos, S.G., Lamers H.J.G.L.M., Star cluster formation and disruption timescales: I. Empirical determination of the disruption time of clusters in four galaxies, MNRAS in press, 2002.

2. Dissertations 1996: S.F. Portegies Zwart (category 1) Interacting stars promotor: Prof. dr. F. Verbunt

1997: J.W. Hartman (category 1) The birth and evolution of radio pulsars promotor: Prof. dr. F. Verbunt

1997: L. Achmad (category 1) Studies of Motions in the Atmospheres of Yellow Supergiants promotor: Prof. dr. H.J.G.L.M. Lamers

1997: K. Tziotziou (category 1) Dynamics of stellar coronae promotor: Prof. dr. A.G. Hearn

1999: J. Vink (category 1) The spectral X-ray morphology of the supernova remnants Cas A, RCW 86 and SN 1006 promotor: Prof. dr. ir. J.A.M. Bleeker co-promotor: Dr. J.S. Kaastra (SRON)

1999: R.H.M. Voors (category 1) Infrared studies of hot stars with dust promotor: Prof. dr. H.J.G.L.M. Lamers co-promotor: Dr. L.B.F.M. Waters (UvA)

1999: H.W. Hartmann (category 1) Models for hot high-gravity atmospheres applied to soft X-ray sources promotors: Prof. dr. J. Heise Prof. dr. F. Verbunt

239 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 9 : Astrophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr N. Langer

1999: A.P. Schoenmakers (category 1) A Population study of giant radio galaxies promotors: Prof. dr. H. Van der Laan Prof. dr. H.G. de Bruijn (ASTRON)

1999: M.L. van den Berg (category 1) Development of high resolution X-ray spectrometer based on superconductive tunnel junctions promotor: Prof. dr. ir. J.A.M. Bleeker co-promotors: Dr.ir. O.J. Luiten (TUE) Dr. P.A.J. de Korte (SRON)

2000: M.D. Nauta (category 1) Two-Dimensional Vortices and accretion disks promotors: Prof. dr. J. Kuijpers Prof. dr. J.T.F. Zimmermann (IMAU)

2000: M.L.A. Kouwenhoven (category 1) Pulsar Observations with the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope promotor: Prof. dr. F. Verbunt

2000: J.I. van Gent (category 1) The Baldwin-effect in Wolf-Rayet stars promotor: Prof. dr. H.J.G.L.M. Lamers

2000: J.S. Vink (category 1) Radiation-driven wind models of massive stars promotor: Prof. dr. H.J.G.L.M. Lamers co-promotor: Dr. A. de Koter (UvA)

2001: M.C. van den Berg (category 1) Optical studies of X-ray sources in the old open cluster M67 promotor: Prof. dr. F. Verbunt

2001: L.M. Kuiper (category 1) High-energy radiation from spin-down powered pulsars promotor: Prof. dr. F. Verbunt co-promotor: Dr. W. Hermsen (SRON)

2001: E. van der Swaluw (category 1) Supernova remnants, pulsar wind nebulae and their interaction promotor: Prof. dr. A. Achterberg

2001: W.J.M. de Wit (category 1) Pre-Main Sequence candidate stars in the Magellanic Clouds promotor: Prof. dr. H.J.G.L.M. Lamers co-promotor: Dr. J.P. Beaulieu (Paris)

240 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 9 : Astrophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr N. Langer

3. Numerical Overview of the results

Table 5 Programme results: output numbers ‘96‘97 ‘98 ‘99 ‘00 ‘01 ‘02 Total

1. Academic a. In refereed 47 35 22 31 64 64 44 24* 331 publications Journals b. other 39 28 36 25 28 33 12 29* 230 publications Total 86 63 58 56 92 97 56 53 561

2. PhD theses 130544 0 17 *Submitted and not yet published as of 31 December 2002

4. Full list of publications (1996-200) 1996 (refereed) Achterberg, A., Variational Principle for slender fluxtubes I: General Equations, Astron. Astrophys. 313, p. 1008, 1996.

Achterberg, A., Variational Principle for slender fluxtubes II: Linear Waves and Stability, Astron. Astrophys. 313, p. 1016, 1996.

Bakker, E.J., H.J.G.L.M. Lamers et al., Detection of C2, CN and NaI absorption in the AGB remnant of HD 56126, Astron. Astrophys. 310, p. 893-907, 1996.

Bakker, E.J., H.J.G.L.M. Lamers et al., The 218 day period of the peculiar late B-type star HD 101584, Astron. Astro phys. 310, pp. 861-871, 1996.

Bakker, E.J., H.J.G.L.M. Lamers et al., The optical spectrum of HR 4049, Astron. Astrophys. 306, pp. 924-934, 1996.

Bakker, E.J., H.J.G.L.M. Lamers, L.B.F.M. Waters, C. Waelkens, N.R. Trams, H. van Winckel, A study of the nature of the peculiar supergiant HD 101584, Astron. Astrophys. 307, pp. 869-890, 1996.

Barstow, M.A., J.B. Holberg, I. Hubeny, T. Lanz, F.C. Bruhweiler, R.W. Tweedy, Solving the mystery of the heavy element opacity in the DA white dwarf GD 394, MNRAS 279, p. 1120-1136, 1996.

Beaulieu, J.P., H.J.G.L.M. Lamers et al., Pre main sequence candidate stars in the Bar of the large Magellanic Cloud, Science 272, p. 995, 1996.

Belloni, T., and F. Verbunt, Soft X-ray sources in the intermediate-age open cluster NGC752, Astron. Astrophys. 305, 806-810, 1996.

241 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 9 : Astrophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr N. Langer

Chin, Y.-N., C. Henkel, Whiteoak J.B., Langer N., Churchwell E.B, Interstellar sulfur isotopes and stellar oxygen burning, Astron. Astrophys. 305, 960, 1996.

De Graauw, Th., H.J.G.L.M. Lamers et al. Observing with the ISO short wavelength spectrometer, Astron. Astrophys. Letters 315, L49-L54, 1996.

De Jager, C., A white and a red star, Solar Physics 169, 443-464, 1996.

De Jager, C., Solar flares: ignition and particle acceleration, J. Geomagn. Geoelectr. 48, 1996.

De Koter, A., H.J.G.L.M. Lamers, W. Schmutz, Variability of Luminous Blue Variables II: A parameter study of normal eruptions, Astron. Astrophys. 306, p. 501-518, 1996.

Fletcher, L., On the generation of loop-top impulsive hard X-ray sources, Astron. Astrophys. Lett. 303 L9-L12, 1996.

Fliegner J., Langer, N., Venn K., Boron in main sequence B stars: a critical test for rotational mixing, Astron Astrophys. 308, L13, 1996.

Fox, D.W., W.H.G. Lewis, B. Margon, J. van Paradijs, F. Verbunt, ROSAT HRI observations of the globular clusters M13 and M92, MNRAS 282, pp. 1027-1032, 1996.

García-Segura G., MacLow M.-M., Langer N., The hydrodynamic evolution of circumstellar gas around massive stars I. The impact of the time sequence O star → LBV → Wolf-Rayet star, Astron. Astrophys. 305, 229, 1996.

García-Segura G., Langer, N., MacLow M.-M., The hydrodynamic evolution of circumstellar gas around massive stars II. The impact of the time sequence O star → Red Supergiant →Wolf-Rayet star, Astron. Astrophys. 316, 133, 1996.

Groenewegen, M.A.T., Oudmaijer, R.D., Goudfrooij, P., van den Hoek, L.B., Kerkwijk, M.H. van, On the nature of AFGL2477, Astron. Astrophys. 305, pp. 475-480, 1996.

Heger, A., Langer, N., Stationary hydrodynamic models of Wolf-Rayet stars with optically thick winds, Astron. Astrophys. 315, 421, 1996.

Hoyng, P., Is the solar cycle timed by a clock?, Solar Physics 169, 253-264, 1996.

Johnston, H.M., and F. Verbunt, The globular cluster population of low-luminosity X-ray sources, Astron. Astrophys. 312, pp. 80-87, 1996.

Johnston, H.M., F. Verbunt and G. Hasinger, ROSAT observations of ten globular clusters with large core radii, Astron. Astrophys. 309, pp. 116-122, 1996.

Kirk, J.G., P. Duffy, and Y.A. Gallant, Stochastic particle acceleration at shocks in the presence of braided magnetic fields, Astron. Astrophys. 314, p. 1010, 1996.

242 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 9 : Astrophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr N. Langer

Lamers, H.J.G.L.M., et al., The ISO SWS spectra of Luminous Blue Variables, Astron. Astrophys. Letters 315, L225-L228, 1996.

Lamers, H.J.G.L.M., et al., The ISO SWS spectrum of P Cygni, Astron. Astrophys. Letters 315, L229-L232, 1996.

Lanz, T., A. de Koter, I. Hubeny, S.R. Heap, Toward resolving the Mass Discrepancy, in O- type stars, Astrophys. J. 465, pp. 359-362, 1996.

Lanz, T., Artru, M. Le Douneuf, I. Hubeny, Photoionization resonances of Si II in stellar spectra, Astron. Astrophys. 309, pp. 218-226, 1996.

Lanz, T., M.A. Barstow, I. Hubeny, J.B. Holberg, A self-consistent optical, ultraviolet and extreme ultraviolet models for the spectrum of G191-B2B, Astrophys. J. 473, 1996.

Mauersberger R., Henkel C., Langer N., Chin Y.-N.: 1996, Interstellar 36Sulfur: a probe of s- Process nucleosynthesis, Astron. Astrophys. 313, L1, 1996.

Portegies Zwart S.F., and F. Verbunt, Population synthesis of high-mass binaries, Astron. Astrophys. 309, pp. 179-196, 1996.

Ramsay, G., M. Cropper, and K.O. Mason, A Search for spectral variations in ROSAT observations of AM Her, VV Pup, BL Hyi and UZ For, MNRAS 278, 285, 1996.

Ramsay, G., M. Cropper, and K.O. Mason, ROSAT Observations of AM Her stars in low or intermediate states, MNRAS 276, p. 1382, 1996.

Ramsay, G., M. Cropper, K. Wu, S. Potter, Optical polarization and X-ray data on the AM Her star RE1844-74, MNRAS 282, 726, 1996.

Reynolds, A.P., A.N. Parmar, M.T. Stollberg, F. Verbunt, P. Roche, R.B. Wilson and M.H. Finger, Accretion torques in the transient X-ray pulsar EXO2030+375, Astron. Astrophys. 312, pp. 872-878, 1996.

Reynolds, A.P., P.D. Roche, H. Quaintrelle, Is Her C-1 really strange:, Astron. Astrophys. 318, L25-27, 1996.

Schramkowski, G., E.C.M. van Niekerk, Hoyng, P. and A. Achterberg, Flow and distribution of magnetic energy in accretion disks: a kinematical approach, Astron. Astrophys. 315, p. 638, 1996.

Van Kerkwijk, M.H., Bergeron, P., Kulkarni, S.R., The masses of the millisecond pulsar J1012+5307 and its white-dwarf companion, Astrophys. Journal 467, L89-L92, 1996.

243 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 9 : Astrophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr N. Langer

Van Kerkwijk, M.H., Geballe, T.R., King, D.L., van den Heuvel, E.P.J., van der Klis, M., van Paradijs, J., The Wolf-Rayet counterpart of CygnusX3, Astron. Astrophys. 314, pp. 521- 540, 1996.

Van Teeseling, A., Beuermann K., Verbunt F., The X-ray source in non-magnetic cataclysmic variables, Astron. Astrophys. 315, 467-474, 1996.

Verbunt, F., L. Kuiper, T. Belloni, H.M. Johnston, A.G. de Bruyn, W. Hermsen, M. van der Klis, High-energy observations of the millisecond pulsar PSR J0218+4232, Astron. Astrophys. 311, L9-12, 1996.

Waters, L.B.F.M., H.J.G.L.M. Lamers et al., Mineralogy of oxygen rich dust shells, Astron. Astrophys. Letters 315, L361-L364, 1996.

Wheatley, P.J., A. van Teeseling, M.G. Watson, F. Verbunt, E. Pfeffermann, Z Cam in outburst during the ROSAT All-sky Survey, MNRAS 283, pp. 101-106, 1996.

Wheatley, P.J., F. Verbunt, T. Belloni, M.G. Watson, T. Naylor, M. Ishida, S.R. Duck and E. Pfeffermann, The X-ray and EUV spectrum of the dwarf nova VW Hyi in outburst and quiescence, Astron. Astrophys. 307, pp. 137-148, 1996.

Zheleznyakov, V.V., A.V. Serber, J. Kuijpers, Radiation driven envelopes around magnetic white dwarfs, Astron. Astrophys. 308, p. 465-471, 1996.

Zickgraf, F.J., H.J.G.L.M. Lamers et al., Spectroscopic study of the outflowing disk winds of B[e] supergiants in the Magellanic clouds, Astron. Astrophys. 315, pp. 510-520, 1996.

1996 (other publications) Abada-Simon, M., T.S. Bastian, L. Fletcher, K. Horne, J. Kuijpers, D. Steeghs and J.A. Bookbinder, Radio emission from AE Aquarii in Radio emission from the stars and the sun, eds. J.M. Paredes and R. Taylor, ASP Conference Series, 1996.

Bailes, M., Ergma, E., Lyne, A., Rasio, F., van den Heuvel, E., van Kerkwijk, M., Verbunt, F., Wijers, R., Debate: the origin and evolution of millisecond pulsars, in: Pulsar, problems and progress, IAU Coll., eds. S. Johnston, M.A. Walker and M. Bailes, p. 557-582, 1996.

Barstow, M.A., I. Hubeny, T. Lanz, J.B. Holberg, E.M. Sion, The composition and structure of white dwarf atmospheres revealed by extreme ultraviolet spectroscopy, Astrophysics in the extreme ultraviolet, eds. S. Bowyer and R.F. Malina, Proc. IAU Coll. 152, Kluwer Academic Publ., pp. 203-210, 1996.

Belloni, T., F. Verbunt, An X-ray view of old open clusters, The origins, evolution and destinies of binary stars in clusters, eds. E.F. Milone and J.C. Mermiliod, p. 82-84, ASP Conf. Ser. 90, 1996.

De Jager, C., and H. Nieuwenhuijzen, Atmospheric instability regions in the HR-diagram and the Yellow Evolutionary Void, in: A. Noels, D. Fraipont-Caro, M. Gabriel, N. Grevesse

244 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 9 : Astrophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr N. Langer and P. Demarque (eds.): Stellar evolution, what should be done, Univ. Liege, pp. 459-462, 1996.

De Koter, A., S.R. Heap, I. Hubeny, T. Lanz, Non-LTE spectroscopic analysis of the wind of the central star of NGC 6543, Hydrogen deficient stars, eds. S. Jeffery and U. Heber, Astron. Soc. Pacific Conf. Ser. 96, pp. 2141-144, 1996.

Gallant, Y.A., Wave propagation in pulsar magnetospheres and interstellar interferometric observations. In: Proc. IAU Colloquium 160, Pulsars: Problems and Progress, S. Johnston, M.A. Walker and M. Bailes, eds. ASP, 1996.

Hartman, J.W., Verbunt F., Bhattacharya, D., Wijers, R., The case for no field decay from improved pulsar population studies, in: Pulsar, problems and progress, IAU Coll. 160, eds. S. Johnston M.A. Walker and M. Bailes, p. 47-48, 1996.

Hogeveen, Sake J., Informatietechnologie in de wetenschappelijke praktijk, Tijdschrift voor Hoger onderwijs en Management (TH &MA), nr. 5, pp. 47-50,1996.

Hubeny, I., T. Lanz, EUV radiation from hot star photospheres: Theory vs. Observations, Astrophysics in the extreme ultraviolet, eds. S. Bowyer and R.F. Malina, Proc. IAU Coll. 152, Kluwer Acad. Publishere, pp. 203-210, 1996.

Hubeny, I., T. Lanz, Fully line blanketed NLTE model atmospheres for hot hydrogen deficient stars, Hydrogen deficient stars, eds. S. Jeffery and U. Heber, Astron. Soc. Pacific Conf. Ser. 96, pp. 249-260, 1996.

Johnston, H.M., Verbunt, F., Hasinger, G., and Bunk, W., ROSAT observations of globular clusters in the galaxy and in M 31 (inv. rev.), in: Compact stars in binaries, IAU Symp. 165, eds. J. van Paradijs, E.P.J. van den Heuvel, E. Kuulkers, p. 389-400, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1996.

Kuijpers, J., and M. Volwerk, Radio emission from polar caps in pulsars, Pulsars: problems and progress, IAU Coll. 160, ASPC, S. Johnston, M.A. Walker and M. Bailes, p. 181, 1996.

Kuijpers, J., Particle acceleration pp. 101-162, eds. C. Chiuderi and G. Einaudi, Plasma Astrophysics Lecture Notes in Physics 468, Springer Berlin, 1996.

Kulkarni, S.R., Kerkwijk, M.H. van, X-ray bursts puzzle theorists, Physics World, 9/5, 19-20 (Institute of Physics Publishing, Ltd., Bristol, UK), 1996.

Lamers, H.J.G.L.M., J.P. Cassinelli, Mass loss from stars, (inv. rev.) in: From stars to galaxies, eds. C. Leitherer, U. Fritze von Alvesleben, J. Huchra, ASP Conf Series 98, p. 162, 1996.

Landsman, W.B., A.P.S. Crotts, I. Hubeny, T. Lanz, R.W. O'Connell, J.H. Whitney, T.P. Stecher, Spectroscopic constraints on the helium abundances in globular stars, Cosmic

245 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 9 : Astrophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr N. Langer

Abundances, Proc. 6th Ann. October Astrophys. Conf. In Maryland, eds. S.S. Holt and G. Sonneborn, Astron. Soc. Pacific Conf. Series 99, pp. 199-202, 1996.

Langer, N., Fliegner J., Heger A., Nucleosynthesis processes in rotating mass loosing massive stars: First results, in: Nuclear Astrophysics, W. Hillebrandt et al., ed., MPA/P9, p.5, 1996.

Langer, N., Woosley S.E., Supernovae and their progenitors, in: From Stars to Galaxies - The Impact of Stellar Physics on Galaxy Evolution, eds. C. Leitherer, U. Fritze-von Alvensleben, & J. Huchra, ASP Conf. Series Vol. 98, p. 220, 1996.

Lanz, T., I. Hubeny, A. de Koter, Atomic data for non-LTE model stellar atmospheres, in Proc. 5th Intern. Coll. On atomic spectra and oscillator strengths for astrophysical and laboratory plasmas, eds. J.F. Wyart and L. Brillet, Physica Scripta T65, pp. 144-150, 1996.

Nieuwenhuijzen, H. and C. de Jager, Determining stellar masses from a study of atmospheric accelerations, in: A. Noels, D. Fraipont-Caro, M. Gabriel, N. Grevesse and P. Demarque (eds.): Stellar evolution, what should be done, Univ. Liege, p. 239-242, 1996.

Nomoto, K., Iwamoto K., Suzuki T., Pols O.R., Yamaoka H., Hashimoto M., Hoeflich P. and van den Heuvel E.P.J., “The origin of type Ib-Ic-IIb-IIL supernovae and binary star evolution”, in: "Compact stars in binaries", IAU Symposium 165, eds. J. van Paradijs et al. (Kluwer, Dordrecht) 119-134, 1996.

Nota A., García-Segura G., Leitherer C., Langer, N.: Large and small scale structures in the AGCarinae nebula from WFPC2/HST observations, in: Science with the Hubble Space Telescope - II, P. Benvenuti, F.D. Macchetto, E.J. Schreier, eds., Space Tel. Sci. Inst., pp. 398-403, 1996.

Panagia, N., A. Capetti, S. Scuderi, H.J.G.L.M. Lamers, R.P. Kirshner, Dust and stars in the nuclear region of M 51, in: Col dust and galaxy morphology, eds. D.L. Block, J.M. Greenberg, ASSL 209, p. 552 p. 512, 1996.

Pasquali A., Schmutz, W., Leitherer, C., Nota, A., Hubeny, I., Langer, N., Drissen, L., Robert, C.: Fundamental properties of Ofpe/WN9 stars from ultraviolet HST spectra, in: Science with the Hubble Space Telescope -- II, P. Benvenuti, F.D. Macchetto, E.J. Schreier, eds., Space Tel. Sci. Inst., pp. 386-39, 1996.

Pollacco, D., Verbunt, F., Geertsema, G., van den Berg, M., Novalike variable in Sagittarius, IAU Circ. 6328, 1996.

Ramsay, G., M. Cropper, K. Wu, Polarisation observations of RE1844-74, in: Cape Workshop on MCV's ASP Conf. Series, 85, 338, 1996.

Ramsay, G., P.A. Mason, X-ray and optical observations of BY Cam, in CVs and related objects, eds. A. Evans and J. Woods, Kluwer Academic Publishers, p. 213, 1996.

246 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 9 : Astrophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr N. Langer

Steeghs, D., M. Abada-Simon, L. Fletcher, K. Horne, J. Kuijpers, G. Ramsay, Triggering the radio emission from AE Aquarii, in CVs and related objects, eds. A. Evans and J. Woods, Kluwer Acad. Publ., p. 167, 1996.

Van Kerkwijk, M.H., The white dwarf companions of recycled pulsars, in: Johnston, S., Walker, M., Bailes, M., (eds.) Proc. IAU Coll. 160, ASP Conf. Series, p. 489-496, 1996.

Van Teeseling, A., F. Verbunt and K. Beuermann, ROSAT Observations of non-magnetic CVs Cataclysmic Variables and Related Objects, IAU Coll. 158, eds. A. Evans and J.H. Wood, p. 273-276, Kluwer Academic Press, 1996.

Verbunt, F., Comparison of X-ray sources in old open and in globular clusters, (inv. rev.) Dynamical evolution of star clusters - Confrontation of theory and observations, IAU Symp. 175, eds. P. Hut, J. Makino, Kluwer Acad. Press, p. 183-192, 1996.

Verbunt, F., Johnston, H.M., de Bruyn, A.G., van der Klis, M., X-ray ovservations of PSR J0218+4232 and of PSR B1937+21, in: Pulsar, problems and progress, IAU Coll. 160, eds. S. Johnston M.A. Walker and M. Bailes, p. 353-354, 1996.

Verbunt, F., ROSAT observations of soft X-ray transients in quiescence, in: Compact stars in binaries, IAY Symp. 165, eds. . J. van Paradijs, E.P.J. van den Heuvel, E. Kuulkers, p. 333-339, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1996.

Verbunt, F., The formation of neutron star and black hole binaries, (inv. rev.) Evolutionary processis in binary stars, NATO ASI, pp. 201-222, eds. R.A.M.J. Wijers, M.B. Davies, C.A. Tout, Kluwer Acad. Press, 1996.

Verbunt, F., X-rays from non-magnetic cataclysmic variables, (inv. rev.) Röntgenstrahlung from the Universe, pp. 23-24, eds. H.U. Zimmermann, J. Truemper, H. Yorke, MPE Report 263, 1996.

Verbunt F., and H.M. Johnston, Late stages of stellar evolution in old clusters, (inv. rev.) The origins, evolution and destinies of binary stars in clusters, eds. E.F. Milone and J.C. Mermiliod, pp. 300-311. ASP Conf. Ser. 90, 1996.

Woosley S.E., Langer N., Weaver T.A., Herant M., 1996, Models for Type Ib and Ic supernovae, in: Thermonuclear Supernovae, 1996.

1997 (refereed) Achmad, L., Lamers H.J.G.L.M., Pasquini L., Radiation driven wind models for A, F and G supergiants, Astron. Astrophys. 320, p. 196-208, 1997.

Bandyopadhyay, R., T. Shahbax, P.A. Charles, M.H. van Kerkwijk, and T. Naylor, Infrared spectrosocopy of low-mass X-ray binaries, MNRAS 285, pp. 718-724, 1997.

Barstow, M.A., Dobbie P.D., Holberg J.B., Hubeny I., Lanz T., Interstellar and photospheric opacity from EUV spectroscopy of DA white dwarfs, MNRAS 286, pp.58-76, 1997.

247 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 9 : Astrophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr N. Langer

De Jager, C., A white and a red star, inv.rev., Solar Phys. 169, pp. 443-464, 1997

De Jager, C., en Nieuwenhuijzen H., An obstacle to the late evolution of massive stars, MNRAS 290, L50-L54 , 1997.

De Jager, C., Lobel A. and Israelian G., Turbulence, mass loss and H-alpha emission in the hypergiant Rho Cassiopeia, Astron. Astrophys. 325, pp. 714-724 , 1997.

Hakala, P.J., Charles P.A., Johnston H.M., Verbunt F., X-ray detection of the dwarf nova V101 in M5, MNRAS 285, pp. 693-695, 1997.

Hartman, J.W., Bhattacharya D., Wijers R.A .M.J., Verbunt F., A study of the evolution of radio pulsars through improved population synthesis, Astron. Astrophys. 322, pp. 477-488, 1997.

Hartman, J.W., Portegies Zwart S.F., Verbunt F., On the absence of mildly recycled radio pulsars amongst the population of ordinary single radio pulsars, Astron. Astrophys. 325, p. 1031, 1997.

Hearn, A.G., Electronic Publishing, Baltic Astronomy, Vol. 26, nr. 2, pp. 216-220, 1997.

Heger A., L. Jeannin, N. Langer, I. Baraffe, 1997, Pulsations in red supergiants with high luminosity-to-mass ratio, Astron. Astrophys., 327, 224, 1997

Holberg, J.B., Barstow M.A., Lanz T., Hubeny I., Hubble Space Telescope Ultraviolet Spectroscopy of two Hot White Dwarfs, Astroph. J. 484, pp. 871-878, 1997.

Kuijpers , J., Fletcher L., Abada-Simon M., Horne K.D., Raadu M.A., Ramsay G., Steeghs D., Magnetic pumping in the cataclysmic variable AE Aquarii, 322, pp. 242-255 , 1997.

Lamers, H.J.G.L.M., Harzevoort J.M.A.G., & H. Schrijver, Hoogerwerf R., Kudritzki R.P., The effect of the rotation on the absolute visual magnitudes of OB stars measured with Hipparcos, Astron. Astrophys. Letters 325, L25-L28 , 1997.

Lamers, H.J.G.L.M., Lecavelier des Etangs A., Vidal-Madjar A., Beta Pictoris light variations: II Scattering by a dust cloud, Astron. Astrophys. 328, p. 321-330, 1997.

Langer, N., Fliegner J., Heger A., Woosley S.E.: Nucleosynthesis in rotating massive stars, Nucl.Phys.A, 621, 457c Lanz, T., Hubeny I., Heap S.R., NLTE line blanketed model atmospheres of hot stars. III. Hot Subdwarfs: The sdO star BD +75 325, Astroph. J. 485, pp. 843-858, 1997.

Lecavelier des Etangs, A., Vidal-Madjar, A., Burki G., Lamers H.J.G.L.M., Ferlet R., Nitschelm C., Sevre F., Beta Pictoris light variations: I The planetary hypothesis, Astron. Astrophys. 328, p. 311-320, 1997.

248 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 9 : Astrophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr N. Langer

Lifschitz, A., Goedbloed J.P., Transonic magnetohydrodynamic flows, J. Plasma Phys., 58, pp. 61-99 , 1997.

Mathys, G., Hubrig S., Landstreet J.D., Lanz T., Manfroid J., The mean magnetic field modulus of Ap stars, Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser. 123, pp. 353-402, 1997.

Mathys, G., Lanz T., The variations of the Bp star HD 137509, Astron. Astroph. 323, pp. 881-885 , 1997.

Nelemans, G., Hartman J.W., Verbunt F., Bhattacharya D., Wijers R.A.M.J., Modeling the variance of dispersion measures of radio pulsars, Astron. Astrophys. 322, pp. 489-492, 1997.

Norton, A.J., Hellier C., Beardmore A.P., Wheatley P.J., Osborne J.P., Taylor P., Stream-fed and disc-fed accretion in TX Columbae, MNRAS 289, p. 262, 1997.

Osterbart R., Langer, N., Weigelt G., High resolution imaging of the bipolar nebula Red Rectangle: Evidence for unstable mass transfer in a close binary system, Astron. Astrophys. 325, 609, 1997.

Pasquali A., Langer N., Schmutz W., Leitherer C., Nota A., Hubeny I., Moffat A.F.J., Drissen L., Robert C.: O stars in transition: Fundamental properties and evolutionary status of Ofpe/WN9 stars from HST ultraviolet observations, Ap. J. 478, 340, 1997.

Pols O.R., Tout C.A., Schroeder K.P., Eggleton P.P. & Manners J., “Further critical tests of stellar evolution by means of double-lined eclipsing binaries”, 1997, MNRAS, 289, 869-881.

Portegies Zwart, S.F., Hut P., Verbunt F., Star cluster ecology I. A cluster core with encounters between single stars, Astron. Astrophys. 328, pp. 130-142, 1997.

Portegies Zwart, S.F., Hut P., McMillan S.L.W., Verbunt F., Star cluster ecology II. Binary evolution with single-star encounters, Astron. Astrophys. 328, pp. 143-157, 1997.

Portegies Zwart, S.F., Kouwenhoven M.L.A., and Reynolds A.P., Observational constraints in kicks in Supernovae, Astron. Astrophys. 328, L33-L36 , 1997.

Portegies Zwart, S.F., Verbunt F., Ergma E., The formation of low-mass black-hole X-ray binaries, Astron. Astrophys. 321, pp. 207-212, 1997.

Rivinius, Th., Stahl O., Wolf B., Kaufer A., Gaeng Th., Gummersbach C.A., Jankovics I., Kovacs, J., Mandel H., Peitz J., Sxeifert Th., Lamers H.J.G.L.M., Variations of the stellar wind in early-B hypergiants, Astron. Astro phys., 318, p. 819-834, 1997.

Sakai, J.I., & de Jager C., 3-D MHD simulation of X-type coalescence of two current-loops, Solar Phys. 172, pp. 66, 1997.

Schroeder K.P., Pols O.R. & Eggleton P.P., A critical test of stellar evolution and convective core overshooting by means of zeta Aurigae systems, MNRAS 285, 696-710, 1997.

249 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 9 : Astrophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr N. Langer

Tout C.A., Aarseth S.J., Pols O.R. & Eggleton P.P., Rapid binary star evolution for N-body simulations and population synthesis, 1997, MNRAS, 291, 732-748.

Verbunt, F., Bunk W.H., Ritter, H., Pfeffermann E., Cataclysmic variables in the ROSAS PSPC All Sky Survey, Astron. Astrophys. 327, pp. 602-613, 1997.

Verbunt, F., On the implications of the period distributions of subclasses of cataclysmic variables, MNRAS 290, p. L55-L59, 1997.

1997 (other publications) Barstow, M.A., Holberg J.B., Hubeny I., Lanz T., Heavy elements in white dwarf envelopes, in: White Dwarfs, Proc. 10th European Workshop on White Dwarfs, eds J. Isern et al., Kluwer, pp. 237-243, 1997.

Beaulieu, J.P., Lamers H.J.G.L.M., Serendipitous discovery of Herbig Ae/Be stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud, in: Variable Stars and the astrophysical returns of microlensing surveys, R. Ferlet ed., p. 179, 1997.

De Jager, C., Near-unstable stars: The yellow white hypergiants, inv. rev., Proc. Indian Nat. Sci. Acad. 62, A, pp. 461-473, 1997.

Lamers, H.J.G.L.M., Stellar Wind Theories, in: Stellar Atmospheres: theory and observations, eds. J. De Greve, R. Blomme, H. Hensberge, LNP 497, Springer 69-88, 1997.

Gaeng, Th. Leitherer C., Wolf B., Stahl O., Chapman J., van Gent J., Lamers H.J.G.L.M. and Scuderi S., Atmospheric conditions in LBVs: first results from the high resolution optical survey, in: Luminous Blue Variables: stars in transition, Nota A. en Lamers H.J.G.L.M. eds., Astron. Soc. Pac. Conf. Series Vol. 120, p. 110, 1997.

García-Segura G., Langer N., MacLow M.-M., 1997, LBV outbursts: the effects of rotation in: Luminous Blue Variables: Massive Stars in Transition, A. Nota, H.J.G.L.M. Lamers, eds, ASP Conf. Ser., Vol.120, p.332, 1997.

Hartmann D.H., Predehl P., Greiner J., Egger R., Trumper J., Aschenbach B., Iyudin A.F., Diehl R., Oberlack U., Schonfelder V., Leising M., The L.-S., Timmes F.X., Woosley S.E., Hoffman R., Langer N., García-Segura G.: 1997, On Flamsteed's Supernova CasA, in Nuclei in the Cosmos IV, ed. M. Wiescher, Nucl.Phys.A, 621, 83c, 1997.

Hogeveen, Sake J., 1997, Relatie Bibliotheek en Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek [PDF], Studiedag Universiteits Bibliotheek Utrecht, Bilthoven, 13 juni 1997.

Hogeveen, Sake J., 1997, Wetenschap op een nieuwe leest: Informatie- en Communicatie- Technologie in de Sterrenkunde, Zenit, nr. 6, juni 1997, pp. 282-287. [PDF].

Hogeveen, Sake J., Verkenning ICT Faculteit N &S, intern rapport Faculteit Natuur- en Sterrenkunde, Universiteit Utrecht. [PDF], 1997.

250 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 9 : Astrophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr N. Langer

Lamers, H.J.G.L.M., Summary of the discussion on Physics of Outbursts, in: Luminous Blue Variables: stars in transition, Nota A. and Lamers H.J.G.L.M. eds., Astron. Soc. Pac. Conf. Series, Vol. 120, p. 156, 1997.

Lamers, H.J.G.L.M., The atmospheres of LBVs near the Eddington limit, in: Luminous Blue Variables: stars in transition, Nota A. and Lamers H.J.G.L.M. eds., Astron. Soc. Pac. Conf. Series, Vol. 120, p. 76, 1997.

Lamers, H.J.G.L.M., Stellar Wind Theories (inv. rev.), in: Stellar Atmospheres: Theory and Observations, eds. J.P. de Greve, R. Blomme, H. Hensberge, Lecture Notes in Physics, LNP 497, Springer, p. 69-88, 1997.

Lamers, H.J.G.L.M., The theory of line driven stellar winds, in: Stellar atmospheres: theory and observations, eds. J. De Greve, R. Blomme, H. Hensberge, Springer 159, 1997.

Langer, N., The Eddington limit in rotating massive stars, in: Luminous Blue Variables: Massive Stars in Transition, A. Nota, H.J.G.L.M. Lamers, eds., ASP Conf. Ser. Vol. 120, p. 83, 1997.

Langer, N., Heger A., Fliegner J., Rotation: a fundamental parameter of massive stars, in: proc. IAU-Symp. 189 on Fundamental Stellar Properties: The Interaction between Observation and Theory, T. R. Bedding, A. J. Booth and J. Davis, eds., Kluwer, Dordrecht, p. 343, 1997.

Langer, N.: Oxygen Isotopes from Massive Stars, in: The History of the Milky Way and its Satellite System, Proc. 4th Workshop on Chemodynamical Evolution of Galaxies, A. Burkert et al., eds., PASP Conf. Ser., 1997.

Morris, P.W., Voors R.H.M., Lamers H.J.G.L.M. and Eenens P.R.J., Near Infrared Spectra of LBV, Be and B[e] stars: does axisymmetry provide a morphological link?, in: Luminous Blue Variables: stars in transition, Nota A. and Lamers H.J.G.L.M. eds., Astron. Soc. Pac. Conf. Series Vol. 120, p. 20, 1997.

Najarro, F., Kudritzki R.P., Hiller D.J., Lamers H.J.G.L.M., Voors R.H.M., Morris P.W., Waters L.B.F.M., The ISO-SWS spectrum of P Cygni, in Luminous Blue Variables: stars in transition, Nota A. and Lamers H.J.G.L.M. eds., Astron. Soc. Pac. Conf. Series Vol. 120, p. 105, 1997.

Najarro, F., R.P. Kudritzki, D.J. Hillier, H.J. G.L.M. Lamers, R.H.M. Voors, P.W. Morris, L.B.F.M. Waters, 1997, in: First ISO workshop on analytical spectroscopy, eds. A.M. Heras et al., ESA SP-419, p. 167-172, 1997.

Nota, A., H.J.G.L.M. Lamers eds., Luminous Blue Variables: Massive stars in transition (book), 1997, ASP Conf. Series 120, 404 pages, 1997.

251 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 9 : Astrophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr N. Langer

Osterbart R., Balega Y.Y., Weigelt G., Langer N.: Diffraction limited speckle-masking observations of the Red Rectangle and IRC+216 with the 6m telescope, in: Proc. IAU-Symp. No.180 on Planetary Nebulae, Habing et al., eds., 1997.

Van Kerkwijk, M.H., Unique white dwarfs accompanying recycled pulsars, in: Isern, J., Hernanz, M., Garcia-Berro, E., (eds.) Proc. 10th European workshop on white dwarfs, Kluwer Acad. Publishers, Dordrecht, p. 383-388, 1997.

Verbunt, F., Waiting for LISA: Binaries with orbital periods less than 104s, inv.rev. Classical and quantum gravity, 14, pp. 1417-1424 , 1997.

Voors, R.H.M., Lamers H.J.G.L.M., Waters L.B. F.M., Trams N.R., Kaufl H.U., Mid- infrared imaging of the HR Car Nebulae, in: Luminous Blue Variables, massive stars in transition, Nota A. and Lamers H.J.G.L.M., eds., Astron. Soc. Pac. Conf. Series Vol. 120, p. 353, 1997.

Waters, L.B.F.M., Morris P.W., Voors R.H.M., Lamers H.J.G.L.M., Dust in the nebulae surrounding Luminous Blue Variables, in: Luminous Blue Variables, massive stars in transition, Nota A. and Lamers H.J.G.L.M. eds., Astron. Soc. Pac. Conf. Series Vol 120, p. 326, 1997.

Weigelt, G., Balega Y., Hofmann K.-H., Langer N., Osterbart R.: Interferometric studies of late phases of stellar evolution, in Science with the VLT, ed. F. Paresce, Springer, p. 206, 1997.

Woosley, S.E., Heger, A., Weaver, T.A., Langer, N., Supernova1987A - Presupernova Evolution and the Progenitor Star, in: SN 1987A: Ten years after, Eds. M.M. Phillips, N.B. Suntzeff, PASP, 1997.

1998 (refereed) Belloni, T., Verbunt F., Mathieu R.D., X-rays from old open clusters: M67 and NGC188, Astron. Astrophys., 339, p. 431-439, 1998.

De Jager, C., The yellow hypergiants, Astron. and Astrophys. Rev., 8, 145-180, 1998.

Figer, D.F., Najarro F., Morris M., McLean I.S., Geballe T.R., Ghez A.M., Langer N.: The Pistol Star, Astrophys. Journal 506, 384, 1998.

Gallant, Y.A., Achterberg, A., and Kirk, J.G., Particle acceleration at ultra-relativistic shocks and gamma-ray burst afterglow spectra and UHECRs, in: Rayos Cósmicos 98, Proc. of the 16th European Cosmic Ray Symp., J. Medina, L. del Peral and M. Rodríguez-Frías (Eds.), Servicia de publicaciones de la Universidad de Alcalá, p. 371, 1998.

Heger A., Langer, N., The spin-up of contracting red supergiants, Astron. Astrophys. 334, 210, 1998.

252 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 9 : Astrophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr N. Langer

Koen, C., J.A. Orosz, and R.A. Wade, KPD 0422+5421: A new short period subdwarf B/White dwarf binary, MNRAS 300, 695, 1998.

Kulkarni, S.R., Kerkwijk, M.H. van, Optical observations of the isolated neutron star RX J0720.4-3125, Astrophys. Journal 507, L49-L53, 1998.

Kuiper, L., Hermsen W., Verbunt F., Belloni T., Detection of pulsed X-ray emission from the binary millisecond pulsar PSR J0218+4232, Astron. Astrophys., 336, p. 545-552, 1998.

Lamers, H.J.G.L.M., Bastiaanse M.V., Aerts C., Spoon H.W.W., Periods, period changes and the nature of the microvariations of Luminous Blue Variables, Astron. Astrophys. 335, p. 605-621, 1998.

Lamers, H.J.G.L.M., Livio M., Panagia N., Walborn N.R., On the multiplicity of Eta Carinae, Astrophys. J. Letters, 505, L131-L133, 1998.

Lamers, H.J.G.L.M., Zickgraf F.J., de Winter D., Houziaux L., Zorec J., An improved classification of B[e]-type stars, Astron. Astrophys. 340, p. 117-128, 1998.

Langer, N., Coupled mass and angular momentum loss of massive main sequence stars, Astron. Astrophys. 329, 551, 1998.

Nijboer, R.J., Goedbloed J.P., Lifschitz A.E., The spectrum of MHD flow about X-points, J. Plasma Phys., 60, p. 421-446, 1998.

Noort, M. van, Lanz T., Lamers H.J.G.L.M., Kurucz R.L., Ferlet R., Hebrard G., Vidal- Madjar A., Fe II emission lines in the Sirius-A and Vega UV spectrum, Astron. Astrophys. 334, p. 633-645, 1998.

Oppenheimer, B.R., Kulkarni, S.R., Matthews, K., Kerkwijk, M.H. van, The spectrum of the brown dwarf Gliese 229B, Astrophys. Journal 502, pp. 932-943, 1998.

Orosz, J.A,. R.K. Jain, C.D. Bailyn, E. McClintock, and R.A. Remillard, Orbital parameters for the soft X-ray transient 4U 1543-47: Evidence for a black hole, Astroph. Journal 499, 375, 1998.

Portegies Zwart, S.F., F. Verbunt, and E. Ergma, Formation of low-mass black hole X-ray Transients, Highlights in Astronomy 11, p. 775, 1998.

Stappers, B.W., van Kerkwijk M.H., Lane B.F., Kulkarni S.R., The Light Curve of the Companion to PSR J2051-0827, Astrophys. Journal, 510, p. L45, 1998.

Trams, N.R., Voors R.H.M., Waters L.B.F.M., ISOCAM imaging of LBV's, Astrophys. Space Science 155, p. 195-196, 1998.

253 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 9 : Astrophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr N. Langer

Van Kerkwijk, M.H., Chakrabarty, D., Pringle, J.E., Wijers, R.A.M.J., Warped disks as a possible origin of torque reversals in accretion-powered pulsars, Astrophys. Journal 499, L27-L30, 1998.

Verbunt, F., Hasinger G., Nine X-ray sources in the globular cluster 47 Tucanae, Astron. Astrophys., 336, p. 895-901, 1998.

Zand, J.J.M. in 't, Verbunt F., Heise J., Muller J., Bazzano A., Cocchi M., Natalucci L., Ubertini P., Detection of X-ray bursts in the globular cluster NGC6652, Astron. Astrophys., 329, L37-L40, 1998.

1998 (other publications) Achterberg, A., Gallant Y.A., Norman C.A., Melrose D.B., Intergalactic propagation of UHE cosmic rays, in: Rayos Cósmicos 98, Proc. of the 16th European Cosmic Ray Symp., J. Medina, L. del Peral and M. Rodríguez-Frías eds., Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Alcalá, p. 299-302, 1998.

De Jager, C., A cold war in space research, in G. Haerendel, S. Grzedzielski, G. Cavallo and B. Battrick (eds.): 40 years of space research, ESA Publ. Division, 1998, p. 25-36, 1998.

De Jager, C., Solar variability in relation to climatic change, P. Vellinga and A.P.M. Baede (eds.) in: Sun and Climate: the influence of variations in solar activity on the earth's climate, KNMI Report, 1998.

Figer D.F., Najarro F., Langer N.: The Pistol Star and other massive stars in the Galactic Center, in: Unsolved Problems in Stellar Evolution, STScI, 1998.

Galama, T., van Paradijs J., van den Heuvel E.P.J., de Bruyn A.G., Campbell R.M., Vermeulen R.C., Lestrade J.-F., Verbunt F., Schilizzi R.T., Determining motions and birthplaces of pulsars through VLBI astrometry, in: Radio emission from galactic and extragalactic compact sources, ASP Conf Ser. 144, eds. J.A. Zensus, G.B. Taylor, J.M. Wrobel, p. 391-392, 1998.

Gallant, Y.A., Achterberg A., UHECR Acceleration by Relativistic Fireballs, in: Rayos Cósmicos 98, Proc. of the 16th European Cosmic Ray Symp., J. Medina, L. del Peral and M. Rodríguez-Frías eds., Servicio de la Publicaciones de la Universidad de Alcalá, p. 253-256, 1998.

García-Segura G., Langer N., Rozyczka M., Mac Low M.-M., Franco J., The effects of rotation and stellar magnetic fields on the nebular shapes: LBV nebulae and PNe, in: proc. 6th Texas-Mexico Conference on Astrophysics on Astrophysical Plasmas - Near and Far, eds. S. Torres-Peimbert, R. Dufour, Rev Mex AA Vol.7, p.50, 1998.

Gieseler, U.D., Gallant Y.A., Kirk J.G., Achterberg A., Particle acceleration at oblique shocks and discontinuities of the density profile, in: Rayos Cósmicos 98, Proc. of the 16th European Cosmic Ray Symp., J.Medina, L. del Peral and M. Rodríguez-Frías eds., Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Alcalá, p. 291-294, 1998.

254 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 9 : Astrophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr N. Langer

Habing, H.J., and Lamers H.J.G.L.M. (eds.), Planetary Nebulae, Proceedings of IAU Symp. 180 (book), Kluwer Acad. Publishers Dordrecht, 505 pages, 1998.

Heger A., Langer N., Woosley S. E.: Nucleosynthesis in rotating massive stars, in: Nuclear Astrophysics, W. Hillebrandt, E.Muller, eds., Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, MPA /P, p.14, 1998.

Kuijpers, J., Mestel L., The coriolis effect and the origin of prominences, Proc. of A Crossroads for European Solar & Heliospheric Physics, Tenerife, March 23-27, 1998, ESA Sp-417, June 98, p. 247-250, 1998.

Lamers, H.J.G.L.M., Bastiaanse M.V., Aerts C., The nature of the microvariations of Luminous Blue Variables, in: A Half Century of Stellar Pulsation Interpretations: a tribute to Arther N. Cox, eds: P.A. Bradley, J. Guzik, ASP Conf. Ser. 135, p. 159-163, 1998.

Lamers, H.J.G.L.M., J.S. Vink, A. de Koter, J.P. Cassinelli, Disks formed by Rotation Induced Bi-stability (inv. rev.), in: Variable and non-spherical stellar winds in luminous hot stars, IAU Coll. 169, eds. B. Wolf, O. Stahl, A. Fullerton, Lecture Notes in Physics, Springer p. 159-166, 1998.

Lamers, H.J.G.L.M., Observations of Stellar Winds, (inv. rev.), Astrophys. Space Science 260, p. 63-80, 1998.

Lamers, H.J.G.L.M., Stellar Wind Theories (inv. rev.), Astrophys. Space Science 260, p. 81- 100, 1998.

Lamers, H.J.G.L.M., Zickgraf F.J., de Winter D., Houziaux L., Zorec J., A revised classification scheme for B[e] stars, in: B[e] stars, eds: A.M. Hubert and C. Jaschek, Kluwer Ap. Space Sc. Libr., p. 277-281, 1998.

Langer, N., Heger A., García-Segura, G.: Massive stars: the pre-supernova evolution of internal and circumstellar structure, Rev. Modern Astron. 11, 57, 1998.

Langer, N., Braun H., Wellstein S.: Massive close binaries as source of galactic 26Al, in: Nuclear Astrophysics, W. Hillebrandt, E. Muller, eds., Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, MPA/P10, p.18, 1998.

Langer, N., Heger A., B[e] supergiants: What is their evolutionary status?, in: Proceeding of Workshop on B[e] stars, C. Jaschek, A. M. Hubert, (eds.), Kluwer, p.235, 1998.

Langer, N., Heger A., The evolution of surface parameters of rotating massive stars, Proc. 2nd Boulder-Munich Workshop on Hot Stars, ed. I. Howarth, A.S.P. Conf. Ser. Vol.131, p.76, 1998.

255 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 9 : Astrophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr N. Langer

Langer, N., Heger A., Braun H.: Nucleosynthesis in massive stars, in: Atomic & Nuclear Astrophysics, Proceedings of the 2nd Oak Ridge Symposium, T. Mezzacappa, ed., IOP Publishing, Bristol, p.377, 1998.

Morris, P.W., J. Bouwman, P.A. Crowther, H.J. G.L.M. Lamers et al., ISO studies of luminous early type stars, in: The Universe as seen by ISO, Astrophys. Space Science 260, p. 63-80, 1998.

Najarro, F., Kudritzki R.P., Hillier D.J., Lamers H.J.G.L.M., Voors R.H.M., Morris P.W., Waters L.B.F.M., Ionized outflows of hot stars, in: The Universe as seen by ISO, Astrophys. Space Science 255, p. 137-144, 1998.

Najarro, F., Kudritzki R.-P., Lamers H.J.G.L.M., Voors R.H.M., Morris P.W., Waters L.B.F.M., Quantitative IR spectroscopy of hot stars observed by ISO, in: Properties of Hot, Luminous Stars, ASP Conference Ser., 131, ed. I. Howarth, p. 57, 1998.

Najarro, F., R.P. Kudritzki, D.J. Hillier, H.J. G.L.M. Lamers, R.H.M. Voors, P.W. Morris, L.B.F.M. Waters, Quantitative IR Spectroscopy of Hot Stars observed by ISO, 1998, in: Boulder-Munich II: Properties of Hot Luminous Stars, ed. I.D. Howarth, ASP Conf. Ser Vol 131, p. 57-65, 1998.

Smith, N., J.A. Guzik, H.J.G.L.M. Lamers, J.P. Cassinelli, R.M. Humphreys, Blitz model for the eruptions of Eta Carinae, in: Variable and non-spherical stellar winds in luminous hot stars, IAU Coll. 169, eds. B. Wolf, O. Stahl, A. Fullerton, Lecture Notes in Physics, Springer p. 249-250, 1998.

Takahashi K., Faestermann T., Kienle P., Basch F., Langer N., Wagenhuber J.: The 187Re - 187Os Cosmochronometry and Chemical Evolution in the Solar Neighborhood, in: Nuclear Astrophysics, W. Hillebrandt et al., eds., Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, MPA/P10, p. 14, 1998.

Trams N.R., Voors R.H.M., van Tuyll C., Waters L.B.F.M., Lanz T., Morris P.W., Non isotopic outflows in the IR (ISO images), IAU Coll. 169, B. Wolf, A. Fullerton and O. Stahl (eds.), Variable and Non-spherical stellar winds in Luminous Hot Stars, p. 11-17, 1998.

Trams, N.R., Voors R.H.M., van Tuyll C., Waters L.B.F.M., Lanz T., Morris P.W., Non- Cosmochronometry and Chemical Evolution in the Solar Neighborhood, in: Nuclear Astrophysics, W. Hillebrandt et al., eds., Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, MPA/P10, p.175, 1998.

Van der Swaluw, E., Achterberg, A., and Gallant, Y.A., Hydrodynamical simulations of pulsar wind nebulae in supernova remnants, in: Proc. of the workshop on the relationship between neutron stars and supernova remnants, Mem. S.A.It. 69a-4, 1017, 1998.

Van Gent, J.I., Non-LTE departure coefficients of hydrogen, in: Cyclical variability in stellar winds, Proc. Of the ESO Workshop Garching, Germany, 14-17 Oct, 1997. Eds. L. Kaper and A.W. Fullerton, Springer Verlag, p. 410, 1998.

256 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 9 : Astrophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr N. Langer

Voors, R.H.M., Waters L.B.F.M., Lanz T., Morris P.W., ISO-SWS spectroscopy of B[e] stars, IAU Coll. 169, B. Wolf, A. Fullerton, O. Stahl (eds.), Variable and non-spherical stellar winds in Luminous Hot Stars, Heidelberg, p. 45-47, 1998.

Waters, L.B.F.M., Morris P.W., Voors R.H.M., Lamers H.J.G.L.M., Infrared properties of B[e] stars, in: B[e] stars, eds: A.M. Hubert and C. Jaschek, Kluwer, Ap. Space Sc. Libr., p. 111-126, 1998.

Waters, L.B.F.M., Morris P.W., Voors R.H.M., Lamers H.J.G.L.M., Trams N.R., Dust in LBV nebulae, in: The Universe as seen by ISO, Astrophys. Space Science 255, p. 179-185, 1998.

Waters, L.B.F.M., R.H.M. Voors, P.W. Morris, N.R. Trams, A. de Koter, H.J.G.L.M. Lamers, Dusty LBV nebulae: tracing the mass loss history of the most massive stars (inv. rev.), 1998, in: Variable and non-spherical stellar winds in luminous hot stars, IAU Coll. 169, eds. B. Wolf, O. Stahl, A. Fullerton, Lecture Notes in Physics, Springer p. 381-390, 1998.

Wittkowski M., Langer N., Weigelt G., 1998, Diffraction-limited speckle-masking interferometry of the red supergiant VYCMa, Astron. Astrophys. 340, L3, 1998.

1999 (refereed) Bloom, J.S., Sigurdsson S., and Pols O.R., The spatial distribution of coalescing neutron star binaries: implications for gamma-ray bursts, MNRAS 305, p. 763-769, 1999.

Chin Y.-N., Henkel C., Langer N., Mauersberger R., 1999, The detection of extragalactic 15N: Consequences for nitrogen nucleosynthesis and chemical evolution, Ap. J. Letters, 512, L143, 1999.

Downes, T.P., Ray T.P., On the transfer of momentum from stellar jets to molecular outflows, Astron. Astrophys. 345, 977-985, 1999.

Gallant, Y.A. en Achterberg A., Ultra-high- energy cosmic ray acceleration by relativistic blast waves, MNRAS 305, L6, 1999.

Gallant, Y.A., Achterberg A. en Kirk J.G., Particle acceleration at ultra-relativistic shocks: Gamma-ray burst afterglow spectra end UHECRs, Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. 138, 549, 1999.

Gieseler, U.D.J., Kirk J.G., Gallant Y.A., Achterberg A., Particle acceleration at oblique shocks and discontinuities of the density profile, Astron. Astrophys. 345, 298, 1999.

Hartmann, H.W., Wheatley P.J., Heise J., Mattei J.A., Verbunt F., The X-ray spectra of VW Hyi during the outburst cycle, Astron. Astro phys. 349, 588-594, 1999.

Herwig F., Bloecker T., Langer N., Driebe T., 1999, On the formation of hydrogen-deficient post-AGB stars, Astron. Astrophys. 349, L5, 1999.

257 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 9 : Astrophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr N. Langer

In 't Zand, J.J.M., Verbunt F., Strohmayer T.E., Bazzano A., Cocchi M., Heise J., van Kerkwijk M.H., Muller J.M., Natalucci L., Smith M.J.S., Ubertini P., A new X-ray outburst in the globular cluster NGC6440: SAXJ1748.9 - 2021, Astron. Astrophys. 345, 100-108, 1999.

Jain, R.K., Bailyn C.D., Orosz J.A., Remillard R.A., McClintock J.E., X-ray Nova XTE J1550-564: Optical Observations, Astrophys. J. 517, L131, 1999.

Kuiper, L., Hermsen W., Krijger J.M., Bennett K., Carramiñana A., Schönfelder V., Bailers M. and Manchester R.N., COMPTEL detection of pulsed gamma-ray emission from PSR B1509-58 up to at least 10 MeV, Astron. Astrophys. 351, 11-132, 1999.

Kuiper, L., Hermsen W., Verbunt F., Belloni T., Lyne A., High-energy observations of the binary millisecond pulsar PSRJ0218+4232, Astrophys. Lett. + Commun. 38, 13-16, 1999.

Lamers, H.J.G.L.M., Beaulieu J.P., de Wit W.J.M., Luminous pre-main sequence stars in the LMC?, Astron. Astrophys. 341, 827-842, 1999.

Lamers, H.J.G.L.M., Haser S., de Koter A., Leitherer C., The ionization in the winds of O stars and the determination of mass loss rates from UV lines, Astrophys. Journal 516, 872- 886, 1999.

Langer, N., García-Segura G., MacLow M.-M., Giant outbursts of luminous blue stars and the formation of the Homunculus Nebula around etaCarinae, Astrophys. Journal Letters 520, L49, 1999.

Langer, N., Heger A., Wellstein S., Herwig F., Mixing and nucleosynthesis in rotating TP- AGB stars, Astron. Astrophys. 346, L37, 1999.

Morris, P.W., Waters L.B.F.M., Barlow M.J., Lamers H.J.G.L.M. et al., The discovery of a massive dusty equatorial torus in the Eta Car System, Nature 402, 502-504, 1999.

Orosz, J.A., Kuulkers E., The optical light curves of Cygnus X-2 (V1341 Cyg) and the mass of its neutron star, MNRAS 305, 132, 1999.

Orosz, J.A., Wade R.A., Confirmation of eclipses in KPD 0422+5421, A binary containing a white dwarf and a subdwarf B star, MNRAS 310, 773, 1999.

Orosz, J.A., Wade R.A., Harlow J.J.B., Thorstensen J.R., Taylor C.J., Eraclous M., The post- common envelope and pre-cataclysmic binary PG 1224+309, Astronomical Journal 117, 1598, 1999.

Remillard, R.A., Morgan E.H., McClintock J.E., Bailyn C.D., Orosz J.A., RXTE Observations of 0.1-300 Hz QPOs in the microquasar GRO J1655-40, Astrophys. J. 522, 397, 1999.

258 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 9 : Astrophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr N. Langer

Sobczak, G., McClintock J.E., Remillard R.A., Levine A.M., Morgan E.H., Bailyn C.D., Orosz J.A., X-ray NOVA XTE J1550-564: RXTE Spectral observations, Ap. J. 517, L121, 1999.

Sobczak, G.J., McClintock J., Remillard R., Bailyn C., Orosz J., RXTE Spectral Observations of the 1996-97 outburst of the microquasar GRO J1655-40, Astrophys. J. 520, 776, 1999.

Stappers, B.W., M.H. van Kerkwijk, B. Lane, and S.R. Kulkarni, The light curve of the companion to PSR J2051-0827, Astroph. J. 510, L45-L48, 1999.

Van Kerkwijk, M.H., Kulkarni S.R., A massive white dwarf companion to the eccentric binary pulsar system PSR B2303+46, Astrophys. Journal 516, L25-L28, 1999.

Van den Berg, M., Verbunt F., Mathieu R.D., Optical spectroscopy of X-ray sources in the old open cluster M67, Astron. Astrophys. 347, 866-875, 1999.

Verbunt, F., Wheatley P., Mattei J., X-ray observations through the outburst cycle of the dwarf nova YZ Cnc, Astron. Astrophys 346, 146-150, 1999.

Vink, J.S., de Koter A., Lamers H.J.G.L.M., On the nature of bi-stability jump in the winds of early type supergiants, Astron. Astrophys. 350, 181-196, 1999.

Vink, J.S., Heap S.R., Sweigart A., Hubeny I., Lanz T., Hot stellar population synthesis from the UV spectrum: the globular cluster M79 (NGC 1904), Astron. Astrophys. 345, 109, 1999.

Wade, R.A., Orosz J.A., Spectrum Synthesis of accretion disks in partial eclipses, Astrophys. J. 525, 915, 1999.

Wellstein S., Langer N., The initial progenitor mass limit for black hole formation from massive close binary models, Astron. Astrophys. 350, 148, 1999.

1999 (other publications) Antonucci, E., Alexander D., Culhane J.L., de Jager C., MacNeice P., Somov B.V., and Zarro D.M., Flare dynamics, in K.T. Strong, J.L.R. Saba, B.M. Haisch and J.T. Schmelz (eds) The many faces of the Sun, Springer, New York, p. 331 - 391, 1999.

Beaulieu, J.P., H.J.G.L.M. Lamers, W.J.M. de Wit, Results from the EROS microlensing survey (inv. rev.), in: New views on the Magellanic Clouds, eds. Chu et al., ASP Conf Ser, p. 313, 1999.

De Koter, A., J.S. Vink, H.J.G.L.M. Lamers, Spectroscopic dating of very massive stars, in: Spectrophotometric dating of stars and galaxies, eds. I. Hubeny, S. Heap, R. Cornett, ASP Conf. Ser 192, p. 32, 1999.

Den Hond, B.A., Conti P.S., Lamers H.J.G.L.M., The continuum energy distribution of single galactic Wolf-Rayet stars, in: Wolf-Rayet phenomenon in Massive Stars and Starburst

259 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 9 : Astrophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr N. Langer

Galaxies, eds. K.A. van der Hucht, G. Koenigsberger, P.R.J. Eenens, IAU Symp. 193, 67-68, 1999.

Gallant, Y.A., and Tuffs, R.J., Infrared observations of plerionic supernova remnants: high- energy astrophysics with ISO, in: The Universe as seen by ISO, O. Cox and M.F. Kessler (Eds.), ESA SP 227, p. 313, 1999.

García-Segura G., Langer N., Rozyczka N., Franco J., Shaping bipolar and elliptical Planetary Nebulae: Effects of rotation, ionization and magnetic fields, Astrophys. Journal 517, 767, 1999.

Henkel C., Y.-N. Chin, Langer N., Mauersberger R., Detection of extragalactic 15N: Nitrogen nucleosynthesis and chemical evolution, in: proc. ESOWorkshop on Chemical Evolution from Zero to High Redshift, J. Mathis et al., eds., Lecture Notes in Physics, Springer, 1999.

Hulbert S., Nota A., Clampin M., Leitherer C., Pasquali A., Langer N., Schulte-Ladbeck R., HST WFPCII Observations of the Inner HR Car Nebula, in: proc. IAU-Colloq. 169 on Variable and Non-Spherical Stellar Winds in Luminous Hot Stars, B. Wolf et al., eds., Lecture Notes in Physics Vol. 523, Springer, p. 103, 1999.

Pavlidou, V., Kuijpers J., Vlahos L., Isliker H., Flare Physics in Accretion Disks, in: Proceedings of the 9th European Meeting on Solar Physics, Magnetic Fields and Solar Processes, Florence, Italy, ed. A. Wilson, ESA SP-448, ESTEC, Noordwijk, 859-863, 1999.

Kuijpers, J., Preface to the 9th European Meeting on Solar Physics Magnetic Fields and Solar Processes Florence, Italy, ed. A. Wilson, ESA SP-448, ESTEC, Noordwijk, iii-ivv, 1999.

Lamers, H.J.G.L.M. and Cassinelli J.P., Introduction to stellar winds, book, Cambridge University Press, 438 pages, Hardbound ISBN 0-521-5938-0; Paperback ISBN 0-521- 59565-7, 1999.

Langer, N., The Evolution of Non-Spherical and Non-Stationary Winds of Massive Stars, in: proc. IAU-Colloq. 169 on Variable and Non-Spherical Stellar Winds in: Luminous Hot Stars, B.Wolf et al., eds., Lecture Notes in Physics Vol. 523, Springer, p. 359, 1999.

Langer, N., Heger A., 1999, Evolution and explosions of Wolf-Rayet stars, in: proc. IAU- Symp. 193 on Wolf-Rayet Phenomena in Massive Stars and Starburst Galaxies, K.A. van der Hucht et al., eds., ASP Conf. Ser., San Francisco, p.187, 1999.

Langer, N., Heger A., Massive Star Evolution, in: proc. IAU-Symp.190 on New Views on the Magellanic Clouds, Y.-H. Chu et al. eds., ASP Conf. Ser., San Francisco, p. 192, 1999.

Langer, N., Heger A., Woosley S.E., Herwig F., Nucleosynthesis in Rotating Stars, in: Nuclei in the Cosmos V, N. Prantzos, ed., Edition Frontieres, Paris, p. 129, 1999.

260 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 9 : Astrophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr N. Langer

Mücke, A., Protheroe, R.J., Engel, R., Stanev, T., and Rachen, J.P., Neutrino Production in Jets and GRBs, Proc. IRC Salt Lake City 1999, Cosmic Ray, Vol. 2, p. 236, 1999.

Pols O.R., Schroeder K.P., Eggleton P.P., Hurley J.R. & Tout C.A., “Critical tests of stellar evolution by means of eclipsing binaries and open clusters”, in: "Stellar Structure: Theory and Tests of Convective Energy Transport", eds. A. Gimenez et al., ASP Conf. Series, Vol. 173, 261-264, 1999.

Pols O.R. & Nomoto K., Close binary progenitors for type Ib/Ic and IIb/II-L supernovae, 1997, in: “The 3rd Pacific Rim Conference on Recent Developments in Binary Star Research", ed. K.C. Leung, ASP Conf. Series, Vol. 130, 153-158, 1999.

Tout C.A., Karakas A.I., Lattanzio J.C., Hurley J.R. & Pols O.R., How binary stars affect Galactic chemical evolution, in: "Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars", IAU Symposium 191, eds. T. Le Bertre et al. (AS, San Francisco) 447-452, 1999.

Tuffs, R.J., Siebenmorgen, R., and Gallant, Y.A., Mid-Infrared polarimetric mapping of the Crab Nebula, in: Workshop on ISO Polarisation Observations, R.J. Lauerijs and R. Siebenmorgen (Eds.), ESA-SP 435, p. 47, 1999.

Verbunt, F., Hartman J.W., Bhattacharya D., Wijers R.A.M.J., Nelemans G., Applications of radio pulsar population synthesis, in: Pulsar timing, general relativity and the internal structure of neutron stars, KNAW Coll. Eds. Z. Arzoumaniam, F. van der Hooft, E.P.J. van den Heuvel, 215-221, 1999.

Verbunt, F., Observations of accretion disks in X-ray binaries, (inv.rev.) in: Astrophysical Disks, eds. J. Sellwood and J. Goodman, ASP Conf. Ser. 160, 21-32, 1999.

Verbunt, F., X-ray sources in old stellar clusters: the contribution of ROSAT, (inv.rev.) in: Highlights in X-ray astronomy, eds. B. Aschenbach and M. Freyberg, MPE Report 272, 402- 409, 1999.

Wellstein S., Langer N., Convection and compact stellar remnants in massive close binaries, in: Stellar Structure Theory and Tests of Convective Energy Transport, A. Gimenez and B. Montesinos, eds., ASP Conf. Ser., San Francisco, 1999.

2000 (refereed) Amati, L., F. Frontera, M. Vietri, J.J.M. in 't Zand, P. Soffita, E. Costa, S. del Sordo, E. Pian, L. Piro, L.A. Antonelli, D. Dal Fiume, M. Feroci, G. Gandolfi, C. Giudorzi, J. Heise, E. Kuulkers, N. Masetti, E. Montanari, L. Nicastro, M. Orlandini, E. Palzzi, Discovery of a transient absorption edge in the X-ray spectrum of GRB990705, Science 290 (5493), pp. 953-955, 2000.

Antonelli, L.A., L. Piro, M. Vietri, E. Costa, P. Soffitta, M. Feroci, L. Amati, F. Frontera, E. Pian, J.J.M. Zand, J.J.M. in 't, J. Heise, E. Kuulkers, L. Nicastro, R.C. Butler, L. Stella, G.C. Perola, Discovery of a redshifted iron K-line in the X-ray afterglow of GRB000214, Astrophys. Journal 545, L39-L42, 2000.

261 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 9 : Astrophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr N. Langer

Berendsen, S.G.H., R. Fender, E. Kuulkers, J. Heise, M. van der Klis, Simultaneous radio and X-ray observations of Galactic Centre low-mass X-ray binaries, MNRAS 318, pp. 599- 605, 2000.

Boyd, P.T., A.P. Smale, J. Homan, P.G. Jonker, M. van der Klis, E. Kuulkers, Canonical timing and spectral behavior of LMC X-3 in the low/hard state, Astrophys. Journal 542, L127-L130, 2000.

Brooks, A.M., K.A. Venn, D.L. Lambert, M. Lenke, N. Langer, Boron and iron in two B- dwarfs: a test of rotation in massive star evolution, BAAS Vol. 196, p. 4010, 2000.

Clark, J.S. I.A. Steele, N. Langer, Discovery of a bipolar shell around G25.5+0.2, Astrophys. Journal L 541, L67, 2000.

Clemens, J.C., M.H. van Kerkwijk, Y. Wu, Mode identification from time resolved spectroscopy of the pulsating white dwarf G29-38, MNRAS 314, pp. 220-228, 2000.

Cocchi, M., A. Bazzano, L. Natalucci, P. Ubertini, J. Heise, E. Kuulkers, J.M. Muller, J.J.M. in 't Zand, Observation of Eddington-limited type I X-ray bursts from 4U 1812-12, Astron. Astrophys. 357, pp. 527-532, 2000.

Coe M.J., and J.A. Orosz, OGLE observations of four X-ray binary pulsars in the SMC, MNRAS, 311, 169-175 2000.

Cornelisse, R., J. Heise, E. Kuulkers, F. Verbunt, J.J.M. in 't Zand, 4U 1735-44: the longest thermonuclear X-ray burst? A BeppoSAX wide field camera observation of 4U 1735-44, Astron. Astrophys. 357, L21-L24, 2000.

Dieters, S.W., B.A. Vaughan, E. Kuulkers, F.K. Lamb, M. van der Klis, No QPO time lags from Sco X-1: a comparison with Cyg X-2, Astron. Astrophys. 353, pp. 203-210, 2000.

Dieters, S.W., T. Bellloni, E. Kuulkers, P. Woods, W. Cui, S.N. Zhang, W. Chen, M. van der Klis, J. van Paradijs, J. Swank, W.H.G. Lewin, C. Kouveliotou, The timing evolution of 4U 1630-47 during its 1998 outburst, Astrophys. Journal 538, pp. 307-314, 2000.

Esin, A.A., E. Kuulkers, J.E. McClintock, R. Narayan, Modelling optical light curves of GRS 1124-68 and A0620-00: the importance of irradiation, Astrophys. Journal 532, pp. 1069-1077, 2000.

García-Segura, G., J. Franco, J.A. López, N. Langer, N. Rozyczka, Morphology and galactic distribution of Pne: a new scenario, in: Ionized Gaseous Nebulae, p. 22, 2000.

García-Segura, G., N. Langer, J. Franco, N. Rozyczka, J.A. López, MHD models for planetary nebulae, in: Astrophysical Plasmas: Codes, Models and Observations, S.J. Arthur, N. Brickhouse and J. Franco, eds. Rev. Mex. AA 9, p. 210, 2000.

262 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 9 : Astrophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr N. Langer

Heger, A., N. Langer, Presupernova evolution of rotating massive stars II: Evolution of surface properties, Astrophys. Journal 544, p. 1016, 2000.

Heger, A., N. Langer, S.E. Woosley, The pre-supernova evolution of rotating massive stars, Astrophys. Journal 528, p. 368, 2000.

Heger, A., S.E. Woosley, N. Langer, Stellar models including pre-SN/SN phases, New Astronomy Rev. 44, p. 297, 2000.

Howk, J.C., J.P. Cassinelli, J.E. Bjorkman, H. J. G.L.M. Lamers, Stagnation and infall of dense clumps in the stellar winds of tau Sco, Astrophys. Journal 534, pp. 348-358, 2000.

Hulleman, F., M.H. van Kerkwijk, F.W.M. Verbunt, S.R. Kulkarni, A deep search for the optical counterpart to the anomalous X-ray pulsar 1E 2259 586, Astron. Astrophys. 358, 605-611, 2000.

Hulleman, F., M.H. van Kerkwijk, S.R. Kulkarni, An optical counterpart to the anomalous X-ray pulsar 4U 0142+61, Nature 408, pp. 689-692, 2000.

In 't Zand, J.J.M., A. Bazzano, M. Cocchi, R. Cornelisse, J. Heise, L. Kuiper, E. Kuulkers, C.B. Markwardt, L. Natalucci, J.M. Muller, M.J.S. Smith, T.E. Strohmayer, P. Ubertini, F. Verbunt, The orbital period of the recurrent X-ray transient in Terzan 6, Astron. Astrophys. 355, pp. 145-154, 2000.

In 't Zand, J.J.M, E. Kuulkers, A. Bazzano, R. Cornelisse, M. Cocchi, J. Heise, J.M. Muller, L. Natalucci, M.J.S. Smith, P. Ubertini, BeppoSAX observations of the nearest known low- mass X-ray binary and fast transient SAX J1819-2525, Astron. Astrophys. 357, pp. 520-526, 2000.

In 't Zand, J.J.M., L. Kuiper, L. Amati, A. Antonelli, K. Hurley, A. Coletta, E. Costa, M. Feroci, F. Frontera, G. Gandolfi, J. Heise, E. Kuulkers, J.M. Muller, L. Nicastro, L. Piro, M.J.S. Smith, and M. Tavani, X-Ray afterglow detection of the short gamma-ray burst GRB 991014, ApJ 545, p. 266-270, 2000.

Jonker, P.G., M. van der Klis, J. Homan, R. Wijnands, J. van Paradijs, M. Mendez, E. Kuulkers, E.C. Ford, Discovery of a 1 Hz quasi-periodic oscillation in the low-mass X-ray binary 4U1746-37, Astrophys. Journal 531, pp. 453-457, 2000.

Jonker, P.G., M. van der Klis, R. Wijnands, J. Homan, J. van Paradijs, M. Mendez, E.C. Ford, E. Kuulkers, F.K. Lamb, The power spectral properties of the Z source GX 340+0, Astrophys. Journal 537, pp. 374-386, 2000.

Kaptein, R.G., J.J.M. in 't Zand, E. Kuulkers, F. Verbunt, J. Heise, R. Cornelisse, Discovery of 1RX J171824.2-402934 as an X-ray burster, Astron. Astrophys. 358, L71-L74, 2000.

Kirk, J.G., W. Guthmann, Y.A. Gallant and A. Achterberg, Particle acceleration at ultra- relativistic shocks: an eigenfunction approach, Astron. Astrophys. 542, p. 235, 2000.

263 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 9 : Astrophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr N. Langer

Kong, A.K.H., E. Kuulkers, P.A. Charles, and L. Homer, The 'off ’state of GX339-4, MNRAS 312, L49-L55, 2000.

Kong, A.K.H., L. Homer, E. Kuulkers, P.A. Charles, A.P. Smale, X-ray optical bursts from GS 1826-24, MNRAS 311, 405-413, 2000.

Kouwenhoven, M.L.A., Pulsars in the Westerbork Northern Sky Survey, Astron. Astrophys. S. 145, p. 243, 2000.

Kuiper, L., W. Hermsen, F. Verbunt, D. Thompson, I.H. Stairs, A.G. Lyne, M.S. Strickman, G. Cusumano, The likely detection of pulsed high-energy gamma-ray emission from millisecond pulsar PSRJ0218+4232, Astron. Astrophys. 359, pp. 615-626, 2000.

Kuulkers, E., J.J.M. in 't Zand, R. Cornelisse, J. Heise, A.K.H. Kong, P.A. Charles, A. Bazzano, M. Cocchi, L. Natalucci, P. Ubertini, Turmoil on the accretion disk of GRO J1655- 40, Astron. Astrophys. 358, pp. 993-1000, 2000.

Kuulkers, E., L.A. Antonelli, L. Kuiper, J.S. Kaastra, L. Amati, E. Costa, F. Frontera, J. Heise, J.J.M. in 't Zand, N. Masetti, L. Nicastro, E. Pian, L. Piro, P. Soffita, GRB990510: on the possibility of a beamed X-ray afterglow, Astrophys. Journal 538, pp. 638-644, 2000.

Kuulkers, E., M. van der Klis, The first radius-expansion X-ray burst from GX 3+1, Astron. Astrophys. 356, L45-L48, 2000.

Langer, N., The most massive stars at the edge of stability, Science 287, 2430, 2000.

Langer, N., Deutschmann, S. Wellstein, P. Höflich, The evolution of main sequence star + white dwarf binary systems towards Type Ia supernovae, Astron. Astrophys. 362, p. 1046, 2000.

Langer, N., The most massive stars at the edge of stability, Science 287, p. 2430, 2000.

Mannheim, K. Protheroe, R.J. and Rachen, J.P., Cosmic ray bounds for models of extragalactic neutrino porduction, Phys. Rev. D 63, 023003-1, 2000.

Masetti, N., E. Palazzi, E. Pian, L. Hunt, M. Méndez, F. Frontera, L. Amati, P.M. Vreeswijk, E. Rol, T.J. Galama, J. van Paradijs, L.A. Antonelli, L. Nicastro, M. Feroci, G. Marconi, L. Piro, E. Costa, C. Kouveliotou, A.J. Castro-Tirado, R. Falomo, T. Augusteijn, H. Bönhardt, C. Lidman, L. Vanzi, K.M. Merrill, C. Kaminsky, M. van der Klis, M.H.M. Heemskerk, F. van der Hooft, E. Kuulkers, H. Pedersen, S. Benetti, Near-infrared detection and optical follow-up of the GRB990705 afterglow, Astron. Astrophys. 354, pp. 473-479, 2000.

Mineo, T., G. Cusumano, L. Kuiper, W. Hermsen, E. Massaro, W. Becker, L. Nicastro, B. Sacco, F. Verbunt, A.G. Lyne, I.H. Stairs, S. Shibata, The pulse shape and spectrum of the millisecond pulsar PSRJ0218+4232 in the energy band 1-10 keV observed with BeppoSAX, Astron. Astrophys. 355, pp. 1053-1059, 2000.

264 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 9 : Astrophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr N. Langer

Mücke, A. Engel, R., Rachen, J.P., Protheroe, R.J., and Stanev, T., SOPHIA: Monte Carlo simulations of photohadronic processes, in: Astrophysics, Comput. Phys. Commun. 124, 290-314, 2000.

Natalucci, L., A. Bazzano, M. Cocchi, P. Ubertini, J. Heise, E. Kuulkers, J.J.M. in 't Zand, M.J.S. Smith, SAX J1810.8-2609: a new hard X-ray bursting transient, Astrophys. Journal 536, pp. 891-895, 2000.

Natalucci, L., A. Bazzano, M. Cocchi, P. Ubertini, J. Heise, E. Kuulkers, Broadband observations of the new X-ray burster SAX J1747.0-2853 during the 1998 March outburst, Astro phys. Journal 543, L73-L76, 2000.

Nelemans, G., F. Verbunt, L.R. Yungelson, S.F. Portegies Zwart, Reconstructing the evolution of double helium white dwarfs: common envelope without spiral-in, Astron. Astrophys. 360, 1011-1018, 2000.

Nieuwenhuijzen, H. and C. de Jager, Checking the yellow evolutionary void. Three evolutionary critical hypergiants: HD33579, HR8752d and IRC+10420, Astron. Astrophys. 353, pp. 163-176, 2000.

Nugis, T. H.J.G.L.M. Lamers, Mass loss rates of Wolf Rayet stars as a function of stellar parameters, 2000, Astron. Astrophys. 360, p. 227-244, 2000.

Orosz, J.A., P.H. Hauschildt, The use of the NextGen model atmospheres for cool giants in a light curve synthesis code, Astron. Astrophys. 364, p. 265, 2000.

Orosz, J.A., The optical spectrum of Luyten's Variable GM sagitarii, Information Bull. On Variable Stars, p. 4921, 2000.

Paerels, F., E. Kuulkers, J. Heise, D.A. Liedahl, X-ray spectral diagnostics of gamma-ray burst environments, Astrophys. Journal 535, L25-L28, 2000.

Pasquali, A., A. Nota, N. Langer, R.E. Schulte-Ladbeck, M. Clampin, R4 and its circumstellar nebula: evidence for a binary merger?, AJ 119, p. 1352, 2000.

Pelupessy, I., H.J.G.L.M. Lamers, J.S. Vink, The radiation driven winds of rotating B[e] supergiants, Astron. Astrophys. 359, pp. 695-706, 2000.

Smale, A.P., E. Kuulkers, LMC X-2: the first extragalactic Z-source?, Astrophys. Journal 528, pp. 702-710, 2000.

Sobczak, G.J., E. McClintock, R.A. Remillard, W. Cui, A.M. Levine, E.H. Morgan, J.A. Orosz, and C.D. Bailyn, Complete RXTE spectral observations of the black hole X-ray Nova XTE J1550-564, Astrophys. Journal 544, p. 993, 2000.

265 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 9 : Astrophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr N. Langer

Sobczak, G.J., J.E. McClintock, R.A. Remillard, W. Cui, A.M. Levine, E.H. Morgan, J.A. Orosz, and C.D. Bailyn, Correlations between low-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations and spectral parameters in XTE 1550-564 and GRO J1655-40, Astrophys. Journal, 531, p. 537, 2000.

Stanev, T., Engel, R., Mücke, A., Protheroe, R.J. and Rachen, J.P., Propagation of ultrahigh energy protons in the nearby Universe, Phys. Rev. D 62, 093005-2, 2000.

Van Kerkwijk, M.H., J.C. Clemens, Y. Wu, Surface motion in the pulsating DA white dwarf G29-38, MNRAS 314, pp. 209-219, 2000.

Van Kerkwijk, M.H., J.F. Bell, V.M. Kaspi, S.R. Kulkarni, The temperature and cooling age of the white-dwarf companion to the millisecond pulsar PSR-B1855+09, Astrophys. Journal 530, L37-L40, 2000.

Van Kerkwijk, M.H., V.M. Kaspi, A.R. Klemola, S.R. Kulkarni, A.G. Lyne, D. van Buren, Optical observations of the binary pulsar system PSR-B1718-19: Implications for tidal circularisation, Astrophys. Journal 529, pp. 428-434, 2000.

Verbunt, F., H.M. Johnston, Multiple and variable X-ray sources in the globular clusters omega Cen, NGC6397, NGC6752, and Liller 1, Astron. Astrophys. 358, pp. 910-922, 2000.

Verbunt, F., M.H. van Kerkwijk, Zand, J.J.M. in 't, J. Heise, X-ray and optical follow-up observations of the August 1998 transient in NGC 6440, Astron. Astrophys. 359, pp. 960- 966, 2000.

Vink, J.S., A. de Koter, H.J.G.L.M. Lamers, New theoretical mass-loss rates of O and B stars, Astron. Astrophys. 362, pp. 295-309, 2000.

Voors, R.H.M., L.B.F.M. Waters, A. de Koter, J. Bouman, P.W. Morris, M.J. Barlow, R.J. Sylvester, N.R. Trams, H.J.G.L.M. Lamers, Infrared imaging and spectroscopy of WR751 and AG Car, Astron. Astrophys. 356, p. 501, 2000.

Voors, R.H.M., L.B.F.M. Waters, F. Najarro, H.J.G.L.M. Lamers, T.R. Geballe, Spectroscopy of the candidate LBV at the center of the ring nebula G79.29+0.46, 2000, Astron. Astrophys. 362, p. 236-244.

2000 (other publications) Achterberg, A., Particle acceleration at astrophysical shocks, inv. rev., IAU Symposium 195 in: Highly energetic processes and mechanisms for emission from astrophysical plasmas, ASP Conf. Series, P.C.H. Martens, S. Tsuruta and M.A. Weber (Eds.), p. 291, 2000.

Briggs, M.S., R.D. Preece, J. van Paradijs, Zand, J.J.M. in 't, J. Heise, E. Kuulkers, C. Kouveliotou, Wide band spectroscopy of GRB 990510, in: Gamma-ray bursts, 5th Huntsville Symp. R.M. Kippen, R.S. Mallozzi, G.J. Fishman, (eds.) AIP 526, p. 125-129, 2000.

266 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 9 : Astrophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr N. Langer

De Koter, A., J.S. Vink, H.J.G.L.M. Lamers, The ionization of hot star winds (inv. rev.), in: Thermal and ionization aspects of flows from hot stars: Observations and Therory, ASP Conf. Series 204, eds. H.J.G.L.M. Lamers and A. Sapar, p. 135-147, 2000.

Gallant, Y.A., and Tuffs, R.J., Infrared observations of the Crab Nebula, in: Pulsar Astronomy-2000. and beyond, IAU Colloq. 177, ASP Conf. Ser. 202, M. Kramer, N. Wex, and N. Wielebinski (Eds.), p. 503, 2000.

García-Segura G., Langer N., Franco J., Rozyczka N., López J.A.,MHD models for Planetary Nebulae, in: Astrophysical Plasmas: Codes, Models & Observations, S.J. Arthur, N. Brickhouse and J. Franco, eds., Rev Mex AA, 9, 210, 2000.

Gieseler, U.D., Gallant, Y.A., Kirk, J.G., and Achterberg, A., Particle acceleration at oblique shocks and sicontinuities of the density profile, in: Rayos Cósmicos 98, Proc. of the 16th European Cosmic Ray Symposium, J. Medina, L. del Peral, and M. Rodríguez-Frías, (Eds.), Servicia de publicaciones de la Universidad de Alcalá, p. 291, 2000.

Hermsen, W., L. Kuiper, F. Verbunt, A. Lyne, I. Stairs, D.J. Thompson, G. Cusumano, Observation of the millisecond pulsar PSRJ0218+4232 by EGRET, in: 5th Compton Symposium, AIP, ed. M. McConnell, p. 257, 2000.

Homan, J., P.G. Jonker, M. van der Klis, E. Kuulkers, LMC X-3, IAU Circ. 7425, 2000.

Hulleman, F., Optical and infrared observations of anomalous X-ray pulsars, Spin and Magnetism in Young Neutron Stars Workshop, Santa Barbara, CA, online.itp.ucsb.edu/online/ neustars00/hulleman, 2000.

In 't Zand, J.J.M., J. Heise, E. Kuulkers, G. D'Andreta, G. Celidonio, J.M. Muller, G. Gandolfi, E. Costa, F. Frontera, GRB 000528 - WFC measurements, GCN Circ. 677.

Jain, R.K., C.D. Bailyn, J.A. Orosz, J.E. McClintock, G.J. Sobczak, and R.A. Remillard, Optical Observations of the orbital period of the black hole candidate XTE J1550-564 during RE-flare and Quiescence, AAS meeting 196, 38.05 2000.

Kuiper, L., W. Hermsen, F. Verbunt, A. Lyne, I. Stairs, D.J. Thompson, G. Cusumano, Likely detection of pulsed high-energy gamma-rays of the binary millisecond pulsar PSRJ0218+4232, in: Pulsar astronomy: 2000. and beyond, eds. M. Kramer, N. Wex and R. Wielebinski, p. 355, 2000.

Kuulkers, E., L. Kuiper, Zand, J.J.M. in 't, J. Heise, L.A. Antonelli, K. Hurley, L. Salotti, M. Stornelli, G. Celidonio, E. Costa, M. Feroci, G. Gandolfi, F. Frontera, L. Nicastro, T. Cline, E. Mazts, C. Guidorzi, E. Montanari, GRB 000528: follow-up X-ray measurements and update of IPN annulus, GCN Circ. 700, 2000.

Kuulkers, E., SGE stars/TOADs and (soft) X-ray transients: close encounters of the same kind, in: Cataclysmic Variables: a 60th birthday symp in honour of Brian Warner, eds. P. Charles, A. King, D. O'Donoghue, NewAR 44, pp. 27-32, 2000.

267 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 9 : Astrophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr N. Langer

Lamers, H.J.G.L.M., T. Nugis, A. de Koter, J.S. Vink, Mass loss as a function of stellar parameters (inv. rev.), in: Thermal and ionization aspects of flows from hot stars: Observations and Theory, ASP Conf. Series 204, eds. H.J.G.L.M. Lamers and A. Sapar, p. 395-411, 2000.

Lamers, H.J.G.L.M., and A. Sapar, (eds.), Thermal and ionization aspects of flows from hot stars: Observartions and Theory (Proceedings), ASP Conf. Series, 204, 450 pages, 2000.

Nelemans, G., S.F. Portegies Zwart, F. Verbunt, Gravitational waves from double white dwarfs, in: Gravitational waves and experimental gravity, eds. J. Trân Thanh Vân et al., pp. 119-124, 2000.

Orosz, J.A., E. Kuulkers, M. van der Klis, J.E. McClintock, R.K. Jain, C.D. Bailyn, R.A. Remillard, V4641 Sagittarii, IAU Circ. 7440, 2000.

Pasquali A., Nota A., Langer N. et al., The Nebula Surrounding the B[e] Supergiant R4, in: The Be Phenomenon in Early-Type Stars, ASP Conf. Ser. 214, p. 100, 2000

Pols O.R. & Tout C.A., Thermal pulses and dredge-up in AGB stars with a consistent solution for stellar structure and composition, in: The Changes in Abundances in Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars, eds. F. D’Antona et al., Mem. S.A.It., Vol. 71, 753-758, 2000.

Rachen, J.P., Hadronic blazar models and correlated X-ray/TeV flares, in: GeV-TeV gamma ray astrophysics workshop: towards a major atnospheric Cherenkov detector VI, AIP Conference Proc. Vol. 515, B.L. Dingus, M.H. Salamon and D.B. Kieda (Eds.), p. 41, 2000.

Tout C.A., Lattanzio J.C., Karakas A.I., Pols O.R. & Hurley J.R., The effect of binary stars on carbon production, in: The Changes in Abundances in Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars, eds. F. D’Antona et al., Mem. S.A.It., Vol. 71, 797-804, 2000.

Treves, A., M. Galli, F. Haardt, T. Belloni, L. Chiapetti, D. Dal Fiume, F. Frontera, E. Kuulkers, L. Stella, BeppoSAX observations of the black hole candidates LMC X-1 and LMC X-2, in: Proc. of the 32nd Cospar Scientific Assembly, Broad Band X-ray spectra of Cosmic Sources, Advances in Space Research 25, (3/4), pp. 437-440, 2000.

Van den Berg, M., F. Verbunt, R.D. Mathieu, Peculiar X-ray sources in the old open cluster M67, in: Stellar clusters and associations, ASP Conf. Ser. 198, pp. 503-506, 2000.

Van der Swaluw, E., A. Achterberg, Y.A. Gallant, The interaction of pulsar winds with old supernova remnants, Pulsar Astronomy - 2000. and beyond, ASP Conf. Series Vol. 202, Proc. of the 177th Coll. Of the IAU held in Bonn, 30 August - 3 Sept 1999, San Francisco: ASP, ed. by M. Kramer, N. Wex and N. Wiebinski, p. 513, 2000.

Van Gent, J.I., H.J.G.L.M. Lamers, The Baldwin-effect of Wolf-Rayet stars, in: Thermal and ionization aspects of flows from hot stars: Observations and Theory, ASP Conf Series 204, eds. H.J.G.L.M. Lamers and A. Sapar, p. 207-214, 2000.

268 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 9 : Astrophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr N. Langer

Verbunt, F., X-rays from old star clusters (inv. rev.), in: Stellar clusters and associations, convection, rotation and dynamos, ed. R. Palavicini, ASP Conf. Ser., p. 421-430, 2000.

Vink, J.S., Koter, H.J.G.L.M. Lamers, The bi-stability jump of radiation driven winds, in: Thermal and ionization aspects of flows from hot stars: Observations and Theory, ASP Conf. Series 204, eds. H.J.G.L.M. Lamers and A. Sapar, p. 427-432, 2000.

2001 (refereed) Achterberg, A., Y.A. Gallant, J.G. Kirk and A.W. Guthmann, Particle Acceleration by ultrarelativistic shocks: theory and simulations, MNRAS 328, p. 393, 2001.

Altan Baykal, Cagdas Inam, M. Ali Alpar, Jean in 't Zand, Tod Strohmayer, The steady spin- down rate of 4U 1907+09, MNRAS, 327, 1269, 2001.

Augusteijn, T., Kuulkers, E., Kerkwijk, M.H. van, The IR counterpart of the black-hole candidate 4U 1630-47, Astron. Astrophys. 375, pp. 447-454, 2001.

Barziv, O., Kaper, L., Kerkwijk, M.H. van, Telting, J., van Paradijs, J., The mass of the neutron star in VelaX1, Astron. Astrophys. 377, pp. 925-944, 2001.

Beaulieu, J.P., W.J. de Wit, H.J.G.L.M. Lamers et al., Blue irregular variable stars in the SMC from EROS2: Herbig Ae/Be or classical Be stars?, Astron. Astrophys. 380, p. 168, 2001.

Biermann, P.L., N. Langer, Eun-Suk Seo, T. Stanev, Cosmic rays IX. Interactions and transport of cosmic rays in the Galaxy, Astron. Astrophys. 369, pp. 269-277, 2001.

Bleeker, J.A.M., R. Willingale, K. van der Heyden, K. Dennerl, J.S., Kaastra, B. Aschenbach, J. Vink , Cassiopeia A: on the origin of the hard X-ray continuum and the implication of the observed O VIII Ly-a/Ly-ß distribution, Astron. Astrophys. Letters, 365, L225, 2001.

Brown G.E., Heger A., Langer N., Lee C.-H., Wellstein S., Bethe H.A., Formation of high- mass X-ray black hole binaries, New Astron. 6, 457, 2001.

Brown, G.E., A. Heger, N. Langer, C.-H. Lee, S. Wellstein, H.A. Bethe, Formation of high mass X-ray black hole binaries, New Astronomy 7, issue 7, p. 457-470, 2001.

Cocchi, M., Bazzano, A., Natalucci, L., Ubertini, P., Heise, J., Kuulkers, E., Zand, J.J.M. in 't , J. M., Beppo-SAX observation of the burster GS 1826-238; Advances in Space Research, 28, p. 375, 2001.

Cocchi, M., Bazzano, A., Natalucci, L., Ubertini, P., Heise, J., Kuulkers, E., Cornelisse, R., Zand, J.J.M. in 't, Discovery of the X-ray burster SAX J1752.3-3138, Astron Astrophys., 378, L37, 2001.

269 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 9 : Astrophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr N. Langer

De Jager, C., A. Lobel, H. Nieuwenhuijzen and R. Stothers: Instability regions in the upper HR diagram; M.N.R.A.S. 327, 452 - 458, 2001.

Fender, R. P., Kuulkers, E., On the peak radio and X-ray emission from neutron star and black hole candidate X-ray transients, MNRAS 324, p. 923, 2001.

Feroci, M., Antonelli, L., Soffitta, P., Zand, J.J.M. in 't, Amati, L., Costa, E., Piro, L., Frontera, F., Pian, E., Heise, J., Nicastro, L., GRB 990704: The most X-ray rich BeppoSAX gamma-ray burst, Astron. Astrophys., 378, 441, 2001.

Frontera, F., L. Amati, M. Vietri, J.J.M. in 't Zand, E. Costa, M. Feroci, J. Heise, N. Masetti, L. Nicastro, M. Orlandini, E. Palazzi, E. Pian, L. Piro, P. Soffitta, The prompt emission of GRB990712 with BeppoSAX: evidence of a transient X-ray emission feature, Astroph. Journal, 550, L47, 2001.

Frontera, F., Zdziarski, A. A., Amati, L., Mikolajewska, J., Belloni, T., Del Sordo, S., Haardt, F., Kuulkers, E., Masetti, N., Orlandini, M., Palazzi, E., Parmar, A. N., Remillard, R. A., Santangelo, A., Stella, L., A Measurement of the Broadband Spectrum of XTE J1118+480 with BeppoSAX and Its Astrophysical Implications, Astroph. Journal 561, p. 1006, 2001.

Gelino, D.M., T.E. Harrison, and J.A. Orosz, A multiwavelength multiepoch study of the soft X-ray transient prototype, V616 monocerotis (A06260-00), AJ 122, p. 2268-2678, 2001.

Greene, J., C.D. Bailyn, and J.A. Orosz, Optical and infrared photometry of the microquasar GRO J1655-40 in quiescence, ApJ 554, p. 1290-1297, 2001.

Haardt, F., Galli, M. R., Treves, A., Chiappetti, L., Dal Fiume, D., Corongiu, A., Belloni, T., Frontera, F., Kuulkers, E., Stella, L., Broadband X-Ray Spectra of the Persistent Black Hole Candidates LMC X-1 and LMC X-3, Astroph. Journal S 133, p.187, 2001.

Herwig, F., Langer, N., Convective proton and 3He ingestion into helium burning: Nucleosynthesis during a post-AGB thermal pulse, Nuclear Physics A688, 221c, 2001.

Hulleman, F., Tennant, A.F., Kerkwijk, M.H. van, Kulkarni, S.R., Kouveliotou, C., Patel, S.K., A possible faint near-infrared counterpart to the AXP 1E 2259+586, Astrophys. Journal Letters, 563, L49-L52, 2001.

In 't Zand, J.J.M., Swank, R.H. Corbet, C.B. Markwardt, Discovery of a 1247 sec pulsar in the Be X-ray binary SAX J2239.3+6116, Astron. Astrophys., 380, L26, 2001.

In 't Zand, J.J.M., Kuiper, L., Amati, L., Antonelli, L. A., Butler, R. C., Costa, E., Feroci, M., Frontera, F., Gandolfi, G., Guidorzi, C., Heise, J., Kaptein, R. G., Kuulkers, E., Nicastro, L., Piro, L., Soffitta, P., Tavani, M., BeppoSAX measurements of the bright gamma-ray burst 010222, Astroph. Journal 559, p. 710, 2001.

270 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 9 : Astrophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr N. Langer

In 't Zand, J.J.M., Corbet, R.H., Marshall, F.E., Discovery of a 75 d orbit in XTE J1543-568, Astrophys. Journal, 553, L165, 2001.

In 't Zand, J.J.M., Kerkwijk, M.H. van, Pooley, D., Verbunt, F., Lewin, W.H.G., Wijnands, R., Identification of the optical and quiescent counterparts to the bright X-ray transient in NGC6440, Astroph. Journal 563, pp. L41--L44, 2001.

In 't Zand, J.J.M., Kuiper, L., Amati, L., Antonelli, L.A., Butler, R.C., Costa, E., Feroci, M., Frontera, F., Gandolfi, G., Guidorzi, C., Heise, J., Kaptein, R.G., Kuulkers, E., Nicastro, L., Piro, L., Soffitta, P., Tavani, M., BeppoSAX measurements of the bright gamma-ray burst 010222, Astrophys. Journal, 559, 710, 2001.

Jain, R.K., C.D. Bailyn, J.A. Orosz, E. McClintock, and R.A. Remillard, Multiwavelength observations of the black hole candidate XTE J1550-564 during the 2000 outburst, ApJ 554, p. L181-L184, 2001.

Jain, R.K., C.D. Bailyn, J.A. Orosz, E. McClintock, G.J. Sobczak, and R.A. Remillard, Optical observations of the black hole candidate XTE J1550-564 during reflare and quiescence, ApJ 546, p. 1086-1097, 2001.

Kaplan, D.L., Kulkarni, S.R., Kerkwijk, M.H. van, Rothschild, R.E., Lingenfelter, R.L., Marsden, D., Danner, R., Murakami, T., HST observations of SGR 0526-66: new contraints on accretion and magnetar models, Astroph. Journal 556, pp.399-407, 2001.

Kouwenhoven, M.L.A., and M.C. van den Berg, Research Note PSR B1929+10 and GSC 01060-01374 are not binary companions, Astron. Astrophysics 367, pp. 931-932, 2001.

Kouwenhoven M.L.A., and J.L.L. Voute, The effect of digitisation on thw signal-to-noise ratio of a pulsed radio signal, Astron. Astrophysics 378, pp. 700-709, 2001.

Kuulkers, E., A superoutburst in XTE J1118+480; Astronomische Nachrichten 322, p. 9, 2001.

Lamers, H.J.G.L.M., A. Nota, N. Panagia, L.J. Smith, N. Langer, Chemical composition and origin of nebulae around Luminous Blue Variables, Astrophys. J. 551, 764, 2001.

Lamers, H.J.G.L.M., Blowing the winds from hot stars (invited Millenium Essay), Publ. Astron. Soc. Pacific, 113, 263-266, 2001.

Mücke, A., Protheroe, R.J., Engel, R., Rachen, J.P., and Stanev, T., BL Lac Objects in the Synchrotron Proton Blazar Model, Proc. Les Houches Meeting on Neutrino Astronomy, 2001.

Nelemans, G., Portegies Zwart, S.F., Verbunt, F., Yungelson, L.R., Population synthesis for double white dwarfs II. Close semi-detached systems: AM CVn stars, Astron. Astrophys., 368, pp. 939-949, 2001.

271 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 9 : Astrophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr N. Langer

Nelemans, G., Yungelson, L.R., Portegies Zwart, S.F., Verbunt, F., Population synthesis for double white dwarfs I. Detached systems, Astron. Astrophys. 365, pp. 491-507, 2001.

O'Neill, P. M., Kuulkers, E., Sood, R. K., Dotani, T., On the X-ray fast-time variability of Sco X-2 (GX 349+2), Astron. Astrophys. 370, p. 479, 2001.

Oosterbroek, T., A. N. Parmar, L. Sidoli, Zand, J.J.M. in 't, J. Heise, BeppoSAX observation of the eclipsing dipping X-ray binary X1658-298, Astron. Astrophys., 376, 532, 2001.

Orosz, J. A., Kuulkers, E., van der Klis, M., McClintock, J. E., García, M. R., Callanan, P. J., Bailyn, C. D., Jain, R. K., Remillard, R. A., A Black Hole in the Superluminal Source SAX J1819.3-2525 (V4641 Sgr), Astroph. Journal 555, p. 489, 2001.

Orosz, J.A., R. Thorstensen, and R. Kent Honeycutt, The long-period orbit of the dwarf nova V630 Cassiopeaie, MNRAS 326, p. 1134-1140, 2001.

Paerels, F., Brinkman, A. C., van der Meer, R. L. J., Kaastra, J. S., Kuulkers, E., Boggende, A. J. F. den, Predehl, P., Drake, J. J., Kahn, S. M., Savin, D. W., McLaughlin, B. M., Interstellar X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy of Oxygen, Neon, and Iron with the CHANDRA LETGS Spectrum of X0614+091, Astroph. Journal 546, p.338, 2001.

Papadopoulos, D., N. Stergioulas, L. Vlahos and J. Kuijpers, Fast magnetosonic waves driven by gravitational waves, Astron. Astrophys, 377, pp. 701-706, 2001.

Pavlidou, V., J. Kuijpers, L. Vlahos, H. Isliker, A cellular automaton model for the magnetic activity in accretion discs, Astron. Astrophys., 372, pp. 326-337, 2001.

Sidoli, L., Parmar, A.N., Oosterbroek, T., Stella, L., Verbunt, F., Masetti, N., Dal Fiume, D., BeppoSAX study of the broad-band properties of luminous globular cluster X-ray sources, Astron. Astrophys., 368, pp. 451-463, 2001.

Stappers, B.W., Kerkwijk, M.H. van, Bell, J.F., Kulkarni, S.R., Intrinsic and reprocessed optical emission from the companion to PSR J2051-0827, Astroph. Journal 548, pp. L183- L186, 2001.

Steeghs, D., Marsh, T., Knigge, C., Maxted, P. F. L., Kuulkers, E., Skidmore, W., Emission from the Secondary Star in the Old Cataclysmic Variable WZ Sagittae, Astroph. Journal 562, p. L145, 2001.

Tamura, T., J.A.M. Bleeker, J.S. Kaastra, C. Ferrigno, S. Molendi: XMM-Newton observations of Received: from SRON-MTA by pluto.sron the cluster of galaxies Abell 496, Astron. Astrophys. 379, 107-114, 2001.

Tamura, T., J.A.M. Bleeker, J.S. Kaastra, C. Ferrigno, S. Molendi, XMM-Newton observations of the Cluster of Galaxies Abell 496. Measurements of the elemental abundances in the intracluster medium, Astron.Astrophys., 379, 107-114, 2001.

272 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 9 : Astrophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr N. Langer

Van den Berg, M., Orosz, J., Verbunt, F., Stas sun, K., The blue straggler S 1082: a triple system in the old open cluster M67, Astron. Astrophys., 375, pp. 375-386, 2001.

Van den Berg, M., Verbunt, F., An optical study of X-ray sources in the old open clusters NGC~752 and NGC~6940, Astron. Astrophys., 375, pp. 387-396, 2001.

Van den Berg, M., Verbunt, F., Spectroscopic confirmation of the optical identification of X- ray sources used to determine accurate positions for the anomalous X-ray pulsars 1E~2259+58.6 and 4U~0142+61, Astron. Astrophys., 368, pp.569-571, 2001.

Van der, Straaten, S. Klis, M., Kuulkers, E., Méndez, M., An Atlas of Burst Oscillations and Spectral Properties in 4U 1728-34, Astroph.Journal 551, p. 907, 2001.

Van der Swaluw, E., and Y. Wu, Inferring Initial Spin Periods for Neutron Stars in Composite Remnants, Astrophysical Journal 555, Issue 1, pp. L49-L53, 2001.

Van der Swaluw, E., A. Achterberg, Y.A. Gallant and G. Tóth, Pulsar Wind nebulae in supernova remnants, Astron. Astrophys. 380, p. 309, 2001.

Van Kerkwijk, M.H., Kulkarni, S.R., Optical spectroscopy and photometry of the neutron star RX J1856.5-3754, Astron. Astrophys. 378, pp. 986-995, 2001.

Van Kerkwijk, M.H., Kulkarni, S.R., An unusual H alpha nebula around the nearby neutron star RX J1856.5-3754, Astron. Astrophys. 380, pp. 221-237, 2001.

Van Gent, J.I., H.J.G.L.M. Lamers, A. de Koter, P.W. Morris, On the Baldwin effect of the He II emission lines in Wolf Rayet (WN) stars, Astron. Astrophys. 372, p. 963, 2001.

Verbunt, F., A census with ROSAT of low-luminosity X-ray sources in globular clusters, Astron. Astrophys., 368, pp. 137-159, 2001.

Verbunt, F., X-ray sources in globular clusters. in: Encyclopedia of Astronomy and Astrophysics, P. Murdin (editor), Institute of Physics, p.997-1001, 2001.

Vink, J., J.M. Laming, J.S. Kaastra, J.A.M. Bleeker, H. Bloemen, U. Oberlack: Detection of the 67.9 keV and 78.4 keV lines associated with the radio-active decay of 44 Ti in Cassiopeia A, Astrophys. J. Letters 560, L79, 2001.

Vink, J.S., A. de Koter, H.J.G.L.M. Lamers, Mass loss predictions for O and B star as a function of metallicity, 2001. , Astron. Astrophys. 369, p. 574

Wang, Z., Chakrabarty, D., Roche, P., Charles, P. A., Kuulkers, E., Shahbaz, T., Simpson, C., Forbes, D. A., Helsdon, S. F., The Optical Counterpart of the Accreting Millisecond Pulsar SAX J1808.4-3658 in Outburst: Constraints on the Binary Inclination; Astroph. Journal 563, p. L61, 2001.

273 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 9 : Astrophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr N. Langer

Wellstein, S., N. Langer, H. Braun, Formation of contact in massive close binaries, Astron. Astrophys. 369, pp. 939-959, 2001.

2001 (other publications) Achterberg, A., Particle Acceleration at Relativistic Shocks, Inv. Review, Heidelberg Gamma-Ray Symposium 2000, High Energy Gamma Ray Astronomy, F.A. Aharonian and H.J. Völk (Eds.), AIP Conference Proc. Vol. 558, pp. 392-404, 2001.

Amati, L., Frontera, F., Tavani, M., Zand, J.J.M. in 't, Costa, E., Guidorzi, C., Montanari, E., Soffitta, P., Testing the optically thin synchrotron shock model for Gamma-Ray Burst spectra from 2 to 700 keV with BeppoSAX, in: Gamma-Ray Bursts in the afterglow era, eds. E. Costa, F. Frontera & J. Hjorth, ESO Astrophys. Symp. Ser., p. 34, 2001.

Antonelli, L.A., Vietry, M., Piro, L., Costa, E., Soffitta, P., Feroci, M., Amati, L., Frontera, F., Pian, E., Zand, J.J.M. in 't, Stella, L., Perola, G.C., Discovery of the redshifted iron K-line in the X-ray afterglow of GRB 000214, in: Gamma-Ray Bursts in the afterglow era, eds. E. Costa, F. Frontera & J. Hjorth, ESO Astrophys. Symp. Ser., p. 112, 2001.

Baum, S., H. Lamers et al., The Hubble Data Archive:toward the ultimate union archive of astronomy, Recommenation by the Hubble Second Decade Committee, Space Telescope Science Institute, 2001.

Baum, S., H. Lamers et al., The Hubble Treasury Program: A new class of Hubble observations, Recommenation by the Hubble Second Decade Committee, Space Telescope Science Institute, 2001.

Cocchi, M., Bazzano, A., Natalucci, L., Ubertini, P., Cornelisse, R., Zand, J.J.M. in 't, J. Heise, J., Kuulkers, E., Smith, M. J. S. A sample of radius-expansion bursters observed by the BeppoSAX-WFCs, in Fourth INTEGRAL workshop, Exploring the Gamma-Ray Universe, ESA SP-459, p. 279, 2001.

De Jager, C., The photosphere of P Cygni; in M. de Groot and C. Sterken (eds.): P Cygni 2000, 400 years of progress; vol. 233 of Astron. Soc. Pacific Conference Series, 215 - 226, 2001.

Frontera, F., Amati, L., Costa, E., Guidorzi, C., Vietry, M., Zand, J.J.M. in 't, Transient spectral features in the prompt emission of Gam ma-Ray Bursts with BeppoSAX, in Gamma-Ray Bursts in the afterglow era, eds. E. Costa, F. Frontera & J. Hjorth, ESO Astrophys. Symp. Ser., p. 106, 2001.

Heise, J., Zand, J.J.M. in 't, Kippen, M.S., Woods, P.M., X-ray flashes and X-ray rich gam ma-ray bursts, in Gamma-Ray Bursts in the afterglow era, eds. E. Costa, F. Frontera & J. Hjorth ESO Astrophys. Symp. Ser., p. 16, 2001.

In 't Zand, J.J.M., X-ray transients in the Galactic center region (invited), in: Exploring the gamma-ray universe, Proc. 4th INTEGRAL workshop, ed. V. Reglero, ESA-SP 459, 463, 2001.

274 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 9 : Astrophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr N. Langer

Kippen, R.M., Woods, P.M., Heise, J., Zand, J.J.M. in 't, Preece, R.D., Briggs, M.S., BATSE observations of fast X-ray transients detected by BeppoSAX-WFC, in: Gamma-Ray Bursts in the afterglow era, eds. E. Costa, F. Frontera & J. Hjorth, ESO Astrophys. Symp. Ser., p. 22, 2001.

Kong, A., Homer, L., Kuulkers, E., Charles, P., Smale, A. Simultaneous X-ray/optical burst from GS 1826-24; in X-ray Astronomy; Stellar Endpoints, AGN, and the Diffuse X-ray Background, N.E. White, G. Malaguti & G. G. C. Palumbo (eds.), American Institute of Physics Conf. Proc. 599, p. 690, 2001.

Korn, A.J., S. Keller, A. Kaufer, N. Langer, N. Przybilla, O. Stahl, The Magellanic clouds - Nitrogen-poor Environments, Astronomisches Gesellschaft Abstract Series Vol. 18, JENAM 2001. of the Eur. Astronomical Society and the Astronomisches Gesellschaft Munich, Sept 10-15, 2001. , abstract MS 02 14, 2001.

Kuijpers, J, Equatorial pulsar winds, Proc. Astron. Soc. Austr., December issue, 2001.

Lamers, H.J.G.L.M., Luminous Blue Variables, Encyclopedia of Astronomy and Astrophysics, P. Murdin ed. In chief, Institute of Physics Publ. P. 149-1453, 2001.

Lamers, H.J.G.L.M., The formation of stars and planets seen through the Hubble Space Telescope, in: The formation of Planets, A-Eskwadraat, Utrecht University Symp 2001. , p. 4-11, 2001.

Langer, N., Wellstein S., Heger A., Massive single and binary star models: a comparison, in: The Influence of Binaries on Stellar Population Studies, D. Vanbeveren, ed., Kluwer, p. 273, 2001.

Langer, N., A. Heger, F. Herwig, S. Wellstein, Mixing and Thermonuclear Processes in Stars, Tours Symposium on Nuclear Physivs IV. AIP Conference Procs. Vol. 561, Eds. M. Arnould, M. Lewitowicz, Yu Ts. Oganessian, H. Akimune, M. Ohta, H. Utsonomiya, T. Wada and T. Yamagata, Am. Inst. Of Phys. Melville, New York, p. 3, 2001.

Massimo Cocchi, A. Bazzano, L. Natalucci, P. Ubertini, J. Heise, E. Kuulkers, M.J.S. Smith, J.J.M. in 't Zand, A Sample of Radius-Expansion Bursters Observed by the BeppoSAX- WFCs, in: Exploring the gamma-ray universe, Proc. 4th INTEGRAL workshop, ed. V. Reglero, ESA-SP 459, 279, 2001.

Montanari, E., Amati, L., Frontera, F., Guidorzi, C., Capalbi, M., Costa, E., Feroci, M., Piro, L., Heise, J., Zand, J.J.M. in 't, Pian, E., Palazzi, E., Masetti, N., Nicastro, L., BeppoSAX observation of GRB 990806: from the prompt emission to the X-ray afterglow, in: Gamma- Ray Bursts in the afterglow era, eds. E. Costa, F. Frontera & J. Hjorth, ESO, Astrophys. Symp. Ser., p. 195, 2001.

Nicastro, L., Cusumano, G., Antonelli, L.A., Amati, L., Frontera, F., Palazzi, E., Pian, E., Costa, E., Feroci, M., Piro, L., Zand, J.J.M. in 't, Heise, J., GRB 000615 in X-rays, in

275 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 9 : Astrophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr N. Langer

Gamma-Ray Bursts in the afterglow era, eds. E. Costa, F. Frontera & J. Hjorth, ESO Astrophys. Symp. Ser., p. 198, 2001.

Sneeuw, N., Dorobantu, R., Gerlach, C., Müller, J., Oberndorfer, H., Rummel, R., Koop, R., Visser, P., Hoyng, P., Selig, A. and Smit, M.: Simulation of the GOCE gravity field mission, in: B. Benciolini (ed.), IV Hotine-Marussi Symposium on Mathematical Geodesy (Int. Ass. Geodesy Symp. Vol 122), p. 14, 2001.

Soffitta, P., Amati., L., Antonelli, L.A., Costa, E., Feroci, M., Frontera, F., Heise, J., Nicastro, L., Piro, L., Stratta, G., Zand, J.J.M. in 't, GRB 980613: a very faint burst with a not so faint afterglow detected by BeppoSAX, in: Gam ma-Ray Bursts in the afterglow era, eds. E. Costa, F. Frontera & J. Hjorth, ESO, Astrophys. Symp. Ser., p. 201, 2001.

Stratta, G., Piro, L., Soffitta, P., Antonelli, L.A., Costa, E., Feroci, M., Frontera, F., Gnadolfi, G., Heise, J., Zand, J.J.M. in 't, Nicastro, L., Pian, E., Temporal and spectral analysis of X-ray afterglows of GRBs observed with BeppoSAX, in Gamma-Ray Bursts in the afterglow era, eds. E. Costa, F. Frontera & J. Hjorth, ESO Astrophys. Symp. Ser., p. 118, 2001.

Tout, C.A., Regos E., Wickramasinghe D., Hurley J.R. & Pols O.R., Chemical enrichment by Type Ia supernovae, in: Salting the Early Soup: Trace Nuclei from Stars to the Solar System, eds. M. Busso & R. Gallino, Mem. S.A.It., Vol. 72, 371-380, 2001.

Tout, C.A., Regos E., Wickramasinghe D., Hurley J.R. & Pols O.R., The progenitors of Type Ia supernovae, 2001. , in Evolution of Binary and Multiple Star Systems, eds. P. Podsiadlowski et al., ASP Conf. Series, Vol. 229, 275-286, 2001.

Van der Swaluw, E., A. Achterberg and Y. Gallant, Non-thermal X-ray Emission from Young Supernova Remnants, in: Young Supernova Remnants, Eleventh Astrophysics Conference (College Park, Maryland), Stephen S. Holtz & Una Wang (Eds.), AIP Conference Proceedings 565, pp. 379-382, 2001.

Van Kerkwijk, M.H., Neutron star mass determinations, In: Kaper, L., Van den Heuvel, E.P.J., Woudt, P.A. (eds.) Proc. of the ESO Workshop, Black holes in binaries and galactic nuclei, Springer, Heidelberg (Germany), p. 39-44, 2001.

Verbunt, F. and Nelemans, G., Binaries for LISA (invited review), Classical and quantum gravity, 18, pp. 4005-4011, 2001.

Verbunt, F., Formation and evolution of black hole binaries (invited review), in: Black holes in binaries and galactic nuclei, eds. L.Kaper, E. van den Heuvel. P. Woudt, p.279-288, 2001.

Wellstein S., Langer N., Constraints on the initial mass limit for black hole formation from the massive X-Ray binary Wray 977, in: proceedings of the ESO workshop Black Holes in Binaries and Galactic Nuclei, Springer, Kaper L., van den Heuvel E.P.J., Woudt P.A., (eds.), p. 295, 2001.

276 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 9 : Astrophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr N. Langer

Wellstein, Stephan, Norbert Langer, Constraints on the Initial Mass Limit for Black-Hole Formation from the Massive X-ray Binary Wray 977, Black Holes in Binaries and Galactic Nuclei, Procs. of the ESO workshop held in Garching, 6-8 Sept 1999, Eds. Lex Kaper, Edward P.J. van den Heuvel, Patrick A. Woudt, p. 295, Springer, 2001.

2002 (refereed) Bearda H., Hartmann W., Ebisawa K., Heise J., Kaastra J., Meer R. van der, Verbunt F., Motch C., The complex X-ray spectrum of the supersoft source MR Vel, Astron. Astrophys. 385, 511-516, 2002.

Clark J.S., Goodwin S.P., Crowther P.A., Kaper L., Fairbairn M., Langer N., Brocksopp C., Physical Parameters of the high mass X-ray binary 4U1700-37, Astron. Astrophysics 392, 909, 2002.

Corbell, S., R.P. Fender, A.K. Tzioumis, J.A. Tomsick, J.A. Orosz, J.M. Miller, R. Wijnands, P. Kaaret, Moving relativistic X-ray jets in the microquasar XTE J1550-564, Science 298, 196, 2002.

Cornelisse, R., Kuulkers, E., in ’t Zand, J.J.M., Verbunt, F., Heise, J., A four-hours long burst from Serpens X-1, Astron. Astrophysics 382, 174, 2002.

Cornelisse, R., Verbunt, F., in ’t Zand, J.J.M., Kuulkers, E., Heise, J., Chandra follow-up of bursters with low persistent emission, Astron. Astrophysics 392, p. 931, 2002.

Cornelisse, R., Verbunt, F., in ’t Zand, J.J.M., Kuulkers, E., Heise, J., Remillard, R.A., Cocchi, M., Natalucci, L., Bazzano, A., Ubertini, P., BeppoSAX wide field cameras observations of six type I X-ray bursters, Astron. Astrophysics 392, 885, 2002.

Crowther P.A., Dessart L., Hillier D.J., Abbott J.B., Fullerton A.W., Stellar and wind properties of LMC WC4 stars. A metallicity dependence for Wolf-Rayet mass-loss rates, Astron. Astrophys. 392, 653, 2002.

Dessart L., Owocki S.P., Emission profile variability in hot star winds. A pseudo 3D method based on radiation hydrodynamics simulations, Astron. Astrophys 383, 1113, 2002.

Dessart L., Chesneau O., Interferometric and spectroscopic monitoring of emission lines. Detection of CIRs in hot star winds, Astron. Astrophys. 395, 209, 2002.

Dessart L., Owocki S.P., Wavelet analysis of instahility-generated line profile variations in hot star winds, Astron. Astrophys. 393, 209, 2002.

Dewi, J.D.M., Pols, O.R., Savonije, G.J., Heuvel, E.P.J. van den, The evolution of naked helium stars with a neutron-star companion in close binary systems, MNRAS 331, 1027- 1040, 2002.

De Wit, W.J., Beaulieu J.P., Lamers H.J.G.L.M., A search for HaeBe stars in the bar of the Large Magellanic Cloud based on optival variability, Astron. Astrophys. 395, p. 829, 2002.

277 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 9 : Astrophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr N. Langer

Fryer C.L., Heger, A., Langer, N., Wellstein S., Winds from Wolf-Rayet stars and the limiting stellar initial mass for black hole formation in close binary systems, Astrophysical Journal 578, 335, 2002.

Helmi, A., White S.D., Springel V., The phase-space structure of a dark-matter halo: Implications for dark-matter direct detection experiments, Phys. Rev. D. 66, 063502, 2002.

Hurley, J.R., Tout, C.A., Pols, O.R., Evolution of binary stars and the effect of tides on binary populations, MNRAS 329, 897-928, 2002.

In ‘t Zand, J.J.M., Verbunt F., Kuulkers, E., Markwardt, C.B., Bazzano, A., Cocchi, M., Cornelisse, R., Heise, J., Natalucci, L., Ubertini, P., Discovery of the neutron star nature of SLX 1737-282, Astron. Astrophysics 389L, 43, 2002.

In ‘t Zand, J.J.M., Markwardt, C.B., Bazzano, A., Cocchi, M., Cornelisse, R., Heise, J., Kuulkers, E., Natalucci, L., Santos-Lleo, M., Swank, J., Ubertini, P., The nature of the X-ray transient SAX J1711.6-3808, Astron. Astrophysics 390, 597, 2002.

In ‘t Zand, J., Kerkwijk, M. van, Pooley D., Verbunt F., Lewin W., Wijnands R., Identification of the optical and quiescent counterparts to the bright X-ray transient in NGC 6440, Astrophys. J., 563, L41-44.

Kaplan D.L., Kulkarni S.R., Frail D.A., Kerkwijk, M.H. van, Deep radio, optical, and infrared observations of SGR 1900+14, Astrophys. J. 566, 378-386, 2002.

Kaplan D.L., Kulkarni S.R., Kerkwijk M.H. van, Marshall H.L., X-ray timing of the enigmatic neutron star RX J0720.4-3125, Astrophys. J. 570, L79-L83, 2002.

Kaplan D.L., Kerkwijk, M.H. van, Anderson J., The parallax and proper motion of RX J1856.5-3754 revisitted, Astrophys. J. 571, 447-457, 2002.

Kaplan D.L., Kulkarni S.R., Kerkwijk, M.H. van, A probable optical counterpart for the isolated neutron star RX J1308.6+2127, Astrophys. J. 579, L29-L32, 2002.

Karakas, A.I., Lattanzio, J.C., Pols, O.R., Parametrising the third dredge-up in asymptotic giant branch stars, PASA 19, 515-526, 2002.

Korn A.J., Keller S.C., Kaufer A., Langer N., Przybilla N., Stahl O., Wolf B., Pristine CNO abundance from Magellanic Cloud B stars, Astron. Astrophysics 385, 143, 2002.

Kotak R., Kerkwijk, M.H. van. Clemens J.C., Time-resolve optical spectroscopy of the pulsating DA white dwarf HD 0507+0434B, Astron. Astrophys. 388, 219-234, 2002.

Kotak R., Kerkwijk, M.H. van, Clemens J.C., Bida T., Pulsating or not? A search for hidden pulsations below the red edge of the ZZ Ceti instability strip, Astron. Astrophys. 391, 1005- 1012, 2002.

278 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 9 : Astrophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr N. Langer

Kotak R., Kerkwijk, M.H. van, Clemens J.C., Koester D., A new look at the pulsating DB white dwarf GD 385: Line-of-sight velocity measurements and constraints on model atmospheres, Astron. Astrophys. 397, 1043-1055, 2002.

Kuiper L., Hermsen W., Verbunt F., Ord B., Stairs I., Lyne A., High-resolution spatial and timing observations of millisecond pulsar PSR J0218+4232 with Chandra, Astrophys Journal 577, 917-922, 2002.

Kuulkers, E., in ‘t Zand, J.J.M., van Kerkwijk, M.H., Cornelisse, R., Smith, D.A., Heise, J., Bazzano, A., Cocchi, M., Natalucci, L., Ubertini, P., A half-a-day long thermonuclear X-ray burst from KS 1731-260, Astron. Astrophysics 382, 503, 2002.

Lamers H.J.G.L.M., Panagia N., Scuderi S., Romaniello M., Spaans M., Wit, W.J. de, Krishner R., Ongoing massive star formation in the bulge of M51, Astrophys. Journal 566, 818, 2002.

Lamers, H.J.G.L.M., T. Nugis, An explanation for the curious mass loss history of massive stars: from OB stars, through Luminous Blue Variables to Wolf-Rayet stars, Astron. Astrophys. Letters 393, L1-L4, 2002.

Nota, A., A. Pasquali, A.P. Marston, H.J.G.L.M. Lamers, M. Clampin, R.E. Schulte- Ladbeck, Detection of CO emission 12CO J=1-0, and 12CO J=2-1 from the luminous Blue Variable Star AG Carinae: circumstellar envelope or disk?, Astron. J. 124, 2920-2930, 2002.

Nugis T., H.J.G.L.M. Lamers, The mass loss rates of Wolf-Rayet stars explained by optically thick radiation driven wind models, Astron. Astrophys, 389, 162, 2002.

Orosz J.A., Kerkwijk M.H. van, The eclipsing millisecond pulsar PSR J1740-5340 and its red straggler companion, Astron. Astrophys. 397, 237-247, 2002.

Orosz, J.A., P.J. Groot, M. van der Klis, J.E. McClinnock, M.R. Garcia, P. Zhao, R.K. Jain, C.D. Bailyn, R.A. Remillard, Dynamical evidence for a black hole in the microquasar XTE J1550-564, Astrophys. Journal 568, 845, 2002.

Pols, O.R., Dewi, J.D.M., Helium-star mass loss and its implications for black hole formation and supernova progenitors, PASA 19, 233-237, 2002.

Pooley D., Lewin W.H.G., Verbunt F., Homer L., Margon B., Gaensler B.W., Kaspi V.M., Miller J.M., Fox D.E., Klis M. van der, Chandra observation of the globular cluster NGC 6440 and the nature of cluster X-ray luminosity functions, Astrophys. Journal., 573, 184- 190, 2002.

Pooley D., Lewin W.H.G., Homr L., Verbunt F., Anderson S.F., Gaensler B.W., Margon B., Miller J.M., Fox D.E., Kaspi V.M., Klis M. van der, Optical identification of multiple faint X-ray sources in the globular cluster NGC 6752: evidence for numerous cataclysmic variables,, Astrophys. J., 569, 405-412, 2002.

279 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 9 : Astrophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr N. Langer

Remillard, R.A., M.P. Muno, J.E. McClintock, J.A. Orosz, Evidence for harmonic relationships in the high frequency QPOs of XTE J1550-564 and GRO J1655-40, Astrophys. Journal 580, 1030, 2002.

Stassun K., Berg M. van den, Mathieu R.D., Verbunt F., Photometric variability in the old open cluster M67 II. General survey, Astron. Astrophys. 282, 899-909, 2002.

Stoughton C., Lupton R., and the SDSS collaboration, Sloan digital sky survey: Early data release, Àstrophys. Journal 123, 485, 2002.

Tinkler, C.M., H.J.G.L.M. Lamers, Mass loss rates of H-rich central stars of planetary nebulae as distance indicators?, Astron. Astrophys. 384, 987, 2002.

Van den Berg, M., Stassun K., Verbunt F., Mathieu R.D., Photometric variability in the old open cluster M67 I. Cluster members detected in X-rays, Astron. Astrophys. 282, 888-898, 2002.

Venn K.A., Brooks A.M., Lambert D., Lemke M., Langer N., Lennon D.J., Keenen F.P., Boron abundances in main sequence B-type stars: A test of rotational depletion during main sequence evolution, Astrophys. Journal 565, 571, 2002.

2002 (submitted to a refereed journal and not yet published as of 31 December 2002) Bastian, N., R. van Deelen, H.J.G.L.M. Lamers, Star cluster formation and disruption timescales: III: The star clusters in M81, MNRAS, submitted, 2002.

Borges Fernandes, M., Lamers H.J.G.L.M.,, Kraus, M., de Araujo, F.X., The analysis of the rotating disk of some southern galactic B[e] stars, to appear in : Stellar Rotation, Proc. IAU Symp. 215, eds. A. Maeder, P. Eenens, 2003.

Boutloukos S.G., H.J.G.L.M. Lamers, Star cluster formation and siruption time-scales: I: empirical determination of the disruption time of clusters in four galaxies, MNRAS, 2002, in press.

De Grijs, R., N. Bastian, H.J.G.L.M. Lamers, Star cluster formation and disruption timescales: II Evolution of the star cluster system in M82’s fossil starburst, MNRAS, in press, 2002.

Den Hartog, P.R., Zand, J.J.M. in ‘t, Kuulkers, E., Cornelisse, R., Heise, J., Bazzano, A., Cocchi, M., Natalucci, L., Ubertini, P., Burst-properties as a function of mass accretion rate in GX 3+1, to appear in Astron. Astrophysics.

Dessart L., Langer N., Petrovic J., The impact of radiative and wind momenta on mass transfer in massive binaries, Astron. Astrophysics, submitted, 2002.

280 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 9 : Astrophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr N. Langer

Dewi J.D.M., Pols O.R., The late stages of evolution of helium star-neutron star binaries and the formation of double neutron star systems, MNRAS, submitted 16/10/2002.

De Wit, W.J.M., J.P. Beaulieu, H.J.G.L.M. Lamers, A search for HaeBe and Be scandidates in the bar of the Large Magellanic Cloud on optical variability criteria, Astron. Astrophys, in press, 2002.

De Wit, W.J.M., J.P. Beaulieu, H.J.G.L.M. Lamers, E. Lesquoy, J.B. Marquette, A quest for PMS candidates at low metallicity: HaeBe and Be stars in the small magellanic cloud, Astron. Astrophys, in press, 2002.

Helmi, A., White S.D.M., Springel V., The phase-space structure of cold dark-matter halos: Insights into the galactic halo, MNRAS, in press (accepted), 2002.

Helmi, A., Z. Ivezic, F. Prada, L. Pentericci, C.M. Rockosi, E.K. Grebel, D. Harbeck, R.H. Lupton, J.E. Gunn, G.R. Knapp, Selection of metal-poor giant stars using the sloan digital sky survey photometric system, Astrophysica Journal in press (accepted, 2002.

Herwig F., Langer N., Lugaro M., The s-process in rotating AGB stars, Astrophysical Journal, submitted, 2002.

Hut, P., Shara M.M., Aarseth S.J., Klessen R.S., Lombardi J.C., Makino J., McMillian S., Pols O.R., Teuben P.J., Webbink R.F., MODEST-1: Integrating stellar evolution and stellar dynamics, New Astronomy, in press, 2003.

Kaplan D.L., Kerkwijk, M.H. van, Marshall H..L., Jacoby B.A., Kulkarni S.R., Frail D.A., The nearby neutron star RX J0720.4-3125 from radio to X-rays, Astrophys. J., submitted.

Kraus, M. Lamers, H.J.G.L.M., Ionization structure in the winds of B[e] supergiants I. Ionization structure in equatorial winds of B[e] supergiants, to appear in: Stellar Rotation, Proc. IAU Symp. 215, eds. A. Maeder, P. Eenens, 2003.

Kuulkers E., den Hartog P.R., Zand J. in ‘t, Verbunt F., Harris W.E., Cocchi M., Radius expansion X-ray bursts as standard candles, Astron. Astrophys., in press, 2002.

Langer, N., Gehren T., Searching the stellar remnant of Supernova 1006, Astron. Astrophysics, submitted, 2002.

Matthieu R.D., van den Berg M., Torres G., Latham D., Verbunt F., Stassun K., Sub- sugiants in the old open cluster M67?, Astron. J., submitted, 2002.

Morrison, H., J. Norris, M. Mateo, P. Harding, E. Olszewski, S. Schectman, R. Dohm- Palmer, A. Helmi, K. Freeman, Mapping the galactic halo. VI. Spectroscopic measures of luminosity and metallicity, submitted to Astrophysical Journal), 2002.

Nisenson, P., Ballegooijen A.A. van, Wijn, A.G. de, Sütterlin P., Motions of isolated G-band bright points in the Solar Photosphere, Astrophysical Journal 587, 1, April 10, 2003.

281 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 9 : Astrophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr N. Langer

Regös, E., Tout, C.A., Wickramasinghe, D., Hurley, J.R., Pols, O.R., Could Edge-Lit type Ia supernovae be standard candles?, New Astronomy, in press, 2003. Thompson S.E., Clemens J.C., Kerkwijk M.H. van, Koester D., High-resolution spectroscopy of the pulsating white dwarf G 29-38, Astrophys. J. submitted.

Van der Sluys M.V., Lamers H.J.G.L.M., The dynamics of the nebula M1-67 around the run- away Wolf-Rayet star WR 124, Astron. Astrophysics, submitted 18 juli 2002, accepted 7 november 2002.

Van der Swaluw, E., A. Achterberg, Y.A. Gallant, T.P. Downes, R. Keppens, Interaction of high-velocity pulsars with Sedov-phase supernova remnants, Astron. Astrophysics accepted, 2002.

2002 (other publications) Boutloukos, S.G., H.J.G.L.M. Lamers, The disruption time of clusters in different galaxies, in : Extragalactic star clusters, IAU Symp. 207, ASP Conf. Ser., eds. D. Geisler, E.K. Grebel, D. Minnitti 703-705, 2002.

García-Segura G., Franco J., López J.A., Langer N., Rózyczka N., Morphology and galactic distribution of planetary nebulae : A new scenario, RevMexAA 12, 117, 2002.

Helmi, A., Signatures of galaxy mergers in the Milky Way: Here, there and everywhere, Ap&SS 281, 351, 2002.

Helmi, A., Springel V., White S.D.M., On the phase-space structure of the Milky Way dark- matter halo, in: The dynamics, structure & history of galaxies: A Workshop in honour of Prof. Ken Freeman. ASP Conf. Proc Ser. 273, eds. G.S. da Costa, H. Jerjen, San Francisco, 2002.

Helmi, A., Fossil structure in the galactic halo: Trying to reconstruct the formation history of the Milky Way, Europhysics news 33, 4, 2002.

Kraus, M., Kruegel, E., Spectral energy distribution of flared dust disks I. A radiation transfer model for the upper disk part, 2003, in prep.

Langer, N., S.-C. Yoon, Wellstein, S., Scheithauer, S., On the evolution of interacting binaries which contain a white dwarf, in: Proc. ASP Conf. Ser. The Physics of cataclysmic variables and related objects, Vol. 261, San Francisco ASP, eds. B.T. Gänsicke, K. Beuermann, K. Reinsch, pp. 252-260, 2002.

Morrison, H., M.Mateo, E.W. Olszewski, R.C. Dohm-Palmer, P. Harding, A. Helmi, J. Norris, K.C. Freeman, S.A. Shectman, Star streams in the Mily Way halo, in: The dynamics, structure and history of galaxies: A Workshop in honour of Prof. Ken Freeman. ASP Conf. Ser., Proc. Vol. 273 eds. G.S. da Costa, H. Jerjen, ISBN: 1-58381-114-1. San Francisco, Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 2002, p. 123, 2002.

282 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 9 : Astrophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr N. Langer

Pérez-Rendón B., García-Segura G., Langer N., A search for the Cassiopeia A SN Progenitor, RevMexAA 12, 94 2002.

Verbunt F., X-ray sources in omega Centauri and other globular clusters (inv.rev.), in: omega Centauri, a unique window in astrophysics, eds. F. van Leeuwen, G. Piotto, J. Hughes, ASP Conf. Ser. 265, 289-302, 2002.

Yoon, S.-C., Langer, N., Effects of rotation on SN Ia progenitor models, in: Proc. 11th Workshop on Nuclear Astrophysics, eds. W. Hilebrandt, E. Müller, pp. 37-40, MPA/P13, 2002.

Yoon, S.-C., Langer, N., Effects on rotation on helium accreting white dwarfs, in: The Physics of Cataclysmic Variables and Related Objects, pp. 79-80, Proc. ASP-Conf. Ser. Vol. 261, San Francisco ASP, B.T. Gänsicke, K. Beuermann, K. Reinsch, eds., 2002.

2002 (submitted to a non-refereed journal and not yet published as of 31 December 2002) Achterberg A., R. Pelletier, Cosmic rays and particle acceleration at astrophysical shocks, inv. rev. to be published in the proceedings of the Les Houches Summer School on High- Energy Astrophysics 2002.

Bastian, N., H.J.G.L.M. Lamers, Star clusters in interacting galaxies: the case of M51, in: Extragalactic star clusters, IAU Symp 207, eds. E. Grebel, D. Geisler, D. Minnitti, in press, 2002.

Borges, Fernandes, M., H.J.G.L.M. Lamers, The analysis of the rotating disk of some southern B[e] stars, in: Stellar Rotation, IAU Symp 215, in press

Dessart, L., Langer N., Petrovic J., Impact of radiative and wind momenta on mass transfer in massive binaries, in: A massive star odyssey: from main sequence to supernova, proc. IAU-Symp. 212, (San Francisco: ASP), K.A. van der Hucht, A. Herrero & C. Esteban, eds., in press, 2002.

De Wit, W.J.M., J.P. Beaulieu, H.J.G.L.M. Lamers, Massive pre-main sequence candidate stars in the small Magellanic Cloud, in: Galactic star formation across the stellar mass spectrum. ASP Conf. Ser, in press, 2002.

Heger A., Woosley S.E., Fryer C.L., Langer N., Massive star evolution through the ages, in: From twilight to highlight: The physics of supernovae, ESO Astrophysics Symposia, Springer, W. Hillebrandt and B. Leibundgut, eds. In press, 2002.

Heger A., Woosley S.E., Langer N., Spruit H.C., Presupernova evolution of rotating massive stars and the rotation rate of pulsars, in: Stellar Rotation, Proc. IAU Symp. 215, San Francisco ASP, A. Maeder, P. Eenens eds., in press, 2002.

Heger A., Woosley S., Langer N., The presupernova and supernova evolution of rotating massive stars, in: A massive star odyssey: from main sequence to supernova}, proc. IAU-

283 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 9 : Astrophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr N. Langer

Symp. 212, (San Francisco: ASP), K.A. van der Hucht, A. Herrero & C. Esteban, eds., in press, 2002.

Helmi, A., The phase-space structure of CDM halos and dark-matter direct detection experiments, Proc. of Galaxy evolution: Theory and observations, eds. V. Avila-Reese et al., 2002.

Herwig F., Langer N., Lugaro M., The s-process in rotating AGB stars, in: Stellar Rotation, Proc. IAU Symp 215, San Francisco ASP, eds. A. Maeder, P. Eenens, in press, 2002.

Kuiper L., Hermsen W., Verbunt F., Ord B., Stairs I., Lyne A., High-energy observations of PSR J0218+4232. in: Radio Pulsars, S. Thorsett ed., ASP Conf. Ser., in press, 2002.

Lamers, H.J.G.L.M., This is not a summary!, inv. rev., in: Interacting winds from massive stars, eds. A. Moffat et al., 2002.

Lamers, H.J.G.L.M., N. Panagia, M. Romaniello, S. Scuderi, M. Spaans, Massive stars in the bulge of M51: a new mode of star formation?, in: Modes of star formation, in press, 2002.

Lamers, H.J.G.L.M., Stellar rotation and mass lossn inv.rev., in: Stellar Rotation, IAU Symp. 215, in press, 2002.

Langer, N., Binary star evolution and CNO nucleosynthesis, in: CNO in the Universe, ASP Conf. Ser. San Francisco, C. Charbonnel, D. Schaerer and G. Meynet, eds. In press, 2002.

Langer, N., Yoon, S.-C., Petrovic, J., Heger, A., Binary evolution models with rotation, in: Stellar Rotation, Proc. IAU Symp. 215, San Francisco ASP, A. Maeder, P. Eenens, eds., in press, 2003.

Langer, N., Wellstein S., Petrovic J., On the evolution of massive close binaries, in: A massive star odyssey: from main sequence to supernova, proc. IAU-Symp. 212, (San Francisco: ASP), K.A. van der Hucht, A. Herrero & C. Esteban, eds., in press, 2002.

Morris, P., R. Waters, A. de Koter, R. Voors, H. Lamers, M. Barlow, ISO spectroscopy and ground-based imaging of eta Carinae at 2.4 to 200 µm, in: Eta Car: opportunities for stellar spectroscopy, in press, 2002.

Panagia, N., H.J.G.L.M. Lamers, A. Bik, W.J. de Wit, S. Scuderi, A. Capetti, M. Romaniello, M. Spaans, R.P. Krishner, Star formation and stellar populations in the central regions of M51, in: The central kpc of starbursts and AGN, ASP Conf. Ser.; eds. J.H. Knapen, J.E. Beckman, I.Shlosman, T.J. Mahoney, in press, 2002.

Petrovic J., Langer N., Progenitor Models of Wolf-Rayet Binaries, in: A massive star odyssey: from main sequence to supernova, proc. IAU-Symp. 212, (San Francisco: ASP), K.A. van der Hucht, A. Herrero & C. Esteban, eds., in press, 2002.

284 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 9 : Astrophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr N. Langer

Pols O.R., Karakas A.I., Lattanzio J.C., Tout C.A., Can standard evolution models explain the properties of the barium stars?, in: Symbiotic stars probing stellar evolution, eds. R.L.M. Corradi, J. Mikolajewska, T.J. Mahoney, ASP Conf. Ser., in press, 2003.

Scuderi, S., N. Panagia, A. Capetti, M. Romaniello, H.J.G.L.M. Lamers, R.P. Krishner, HST-WFPC2 observations of the Whirlpool Galaxy M51: I. A study of the stellar population in the nuclear region, Astrophys. J., in press, 2002.

Sidoli L., Parmar A.N., Oosterbroek T., Stella L., Verbunt F., Guainazzi M., Masetti N., Orlandini M., Dal Fiume D., Piraino S., Santangelo A., BeppoSAX study of the broad-band properties of luminous X-ray sources located in the galactic globular clusters, in: X-ray astronomy 2000, ASP Conf. Ser., eds. R. Giacconi, L. Stella, S. Serio, 2002.

Van Leeuwen, A.G.J., M.L.A. Kouwenhoven, R. Ramachandran, J.M. Rankin and B.W. Stappers, Null-induced mode changes in PSR B0809+74, Astron. Astrophysics 387, 169- 178, 2002.

Van Leeuwen, A.G.J., B.W. Stappers, R. Ramachandran and J.M. Rankin, Probing drifting and nulling mechanisms through their interaction in PSR B0809+74, Astron. Astrophysics, accepted, 2002.

Van Leeuwen, A.G.J., et al., Unusual subpulse modulation in PSR 0320+39, Astron. Astrophysics, accepted, 2002.

Verbunt F., Binary evolution and neutron stars in globular clusters, inv.rev., in: New Horizon in Globular Cluster Astronomy, eds. G. Piotto, G. Meylan, G. Djorgovski, M. Riello, 2002.

Verbunt F., X-ray sources in globular clusters (inv.rev.) in: Jan van Paradijs Memorial Symposium, eds. E.P.J. van den Heuvel, L. Kaper, and E. Rol, ASP Conf. Ser., in press, 2002.

Yoon, S.-C., Langer, N., Effects of rotation on helium accreting white dwarfs, in: Stellar Rotation, Proc. IAU Symp. 215, San Francisco ASP, A. Maeder, P. Eenens, eds., in press, 2003.

285 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 9 : Astrophysics Program Leader : Prof. dr N. Langer

286 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 10 : Marine and Atmospheric Research Program Leader : Prof. dr ir. H. Dijkstra

2. Documentation per research program

Title of the program Marine and Atmospheric Research

Program leader(s) Prof. dr. ir. H. Dijkstra (from 2001) Director Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research (IMAU) Prof. dr. J. Oerlemans (from 1997 until 2001) Prof. dr. W.P.M. de Ruijter (until 1997)

Starting date of the program Formally this program was established when the Research Institute was created in 2001. However, the research in this program dates back from before 1996.

Research area and mission Meteorology, climate physics, physical oceanography, glaciology, atmospheric chemistry, coastal zone physics. The mission of the program “Marine and Atmospheric Research’’ is to understand the physical and chemical processes that control the evolution of the state of the oceans, the atmosphere and the climate system.

Formal affiliations outside Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research Utrecht the Research Institute (IMAU) Buys Ballot Research School (BBOS) Netherlands Center for Coastal Research (NCK) Netherlands Center for Climate Research (CKO) Co- operation on Oceanic, Atmospheric and Climate Change studies (COACh).

2.1. Leadership The program leader has the overall responsibility for the program, both with respect to the quality and the cohesion of the research and with respect to the budget that is provided by the Faculty. He is responsible for the internal coordination and cooperation within the program, for organizing the human resources and for maintaining and developing the external contacts. This is in close collaboration with the chair holders and other project leaders. Together with the leaders of the other research programs he discusses the general policies of the Research Institute at regular meetings and makes recommendations to the director. The program leader represents the program in the planning and control session that is organized by the Faculty Board once a year, where the plans and budget request for the coming year are presented. The presentations form the basis for the budget allocations made by the Faculty Board for the subsequent year. The program leader of this program also acts as the director of the Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research. See also: Part A, 1.2.

287 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 10 : Marine and Atmospheric Research Program Leader : Prof. dr ir. H. Dijkstra

2.2. Strategy and policy The mission of the program “Marine and Atmospheric Research’’ is to understand the physical and chemical processes that control the evolution of the state of the oceans, the atmosphere and the climate system. The program is unique in the Netherlands because of the combination of research and teaching in both Meteorology and Physical Oceanography. The program is part of IMAU, an inter-faculty research institute which also encloses the section Coastal research of the Physical Geography Department of the Faculty of Geographical Sciences.

IMAU is leading the post-graduate teaching and research activities in the Buys Ballot Research School for the Study of Fundamental Processes in the Climate System (BBOS), a joint school with the Department of Meteorology and Air Quality of Wageningen University. IMAU is a partner in the Center for Climate Research (CKO) and the Center for Coastal Research (NCK). In these national research centers, IMAU collaborates with the Royal Dutch Meteorological Institute (KNMI), the National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), the Netherlands Institute of Applied Geoscience (NITG), the Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ) and the Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management (RSW-RIZK), and other university groups. The CKO is the Dutch branch of the international research school on Co-operation on Oceanic, Atmospheric and Climate Change studies (COACh), a joint school with the Max Planck Institutes in Hamburg and Mainz (Germany).

A central and integrating issue of the research within the program is the evolution of the climate system on different spatial and temporal scales. Each of the different components of the climate system - the Atmosphere, Oceans and Ice and their interaction - introduces different physical processes, each with their specific characteristics. Also, the impact on the coastal zone system is a relevant issue. The research within the program is therefore organized into several well-defined and connected themes. These themes are: Ice and Climate; Ocean Circulation and Climate; Atmospheric Physics and Chemistry; Atmospheric Dynamics and Boundary Layer Meteorology; and Physical Oceanography of the Coastal Zone.

Emphasis within the program is on fundamental research, aiming at improving our basic understanding of the physical climate and coastal zone systems such that more reliable prediction of changes or reconstructions can be made. To reach that goal, a variety of methods is used, ranging from field experiments, observations from space (remote sensing), numerical modeling and theoretical analysis. Most of the research within the program has a strong international orientation due to the large, often global scale, of the problems and many projects are embedded into international collaborative programs.

In the 1995 VSNU research assessment, all aspects of the program were considered to be very good and no specific actions have been taken based on this report. Over the years 1996- 2002, the quality and breadth of research within the program has increased to acquire international and national recognition in all three areas of observation, numerical modeling and theory development. The research activities have been broadened into the area of Physics and Chemistry of the Atmosphere while we have been able to maintain a good coherence between the different research themes.

288 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 10 : Marine and Atmospheric Research Program Leader : Prof. dr ir. H. Dijkstra

The chair of Atmospheric Chemistry has been filled since 1996, but J. Lelieveld left in 2000 to become director of the Max Planck Institute in Mainz (Germany). A part time chair in this field was taken by P. Crutzen, who obtained the 1995 Nobel Prize in chemistry. In October 2001, P. Duynkerke was appointed at the full-time chair, now renamed as a chair in Physics and Chemistry of the Atmosphere, but he tragically died in January 2002.

An important issue in the development of the program will be to maintain a balanced research effort over the research themes and the different observational, numerical and theoretical approaches, while stimulating excellence of the individual researchers. There are three issues, which need special attention: (i) New directions to the research theme 'Atmospheric Physics and Chemistry'. A search has been performed as part of the procedure to hire a new person on the chair in Physics and Chemistry of the Atmosphere. This person must strengthen existing research in the area of Atmospheric Chemistry within the program and define new directions. With the appointment, we also aim to strengthen collaboration between staff members involved in the research themes 'Atmospheric Physics and Chemistry' and 'Atmospheric Dynamics and Boundary Layer Meteorology'. (ii) New initiatives in multidisciplinary fundamental research. Current opportunities exist for multidisciplinary research in the field of 'Climate Variability' provided by initiatives such as the Utrecht Center for Geosciences (UCG). In the UCG, a collaboration between biologists, earth scientists, geographers, physical oceanographers, glaciologists and meteorologists is facilitated. These initiatives also provide opportunities in education that may attract more students to the master program 'Meteorology, Physical Oceanography and Climate'. (iii) Maintaining the structure of (inter)national collaboration. Collaboration with partners within the CKO and NCK has intensified over the last few years in nearly all research themes. It is important to maintain the active level of contacts with these national research institutes. Researchers within the program can continue to benefit from central facilities, such as the climate model support offered within the CKO. The interaction will also enable researchers within the program to participate more easily in international activities such as observational campaigns.

2.3. Processes in research, internal and external collaboration The smallest structure at which research is carried out within the program is a single staff member (assistant, associate or full professor). Each staff member has full freedom to choose topics within the specific research themes or tackle problems across these themes. He is also free to collaborate in these projects with any scientist in the Netherlands or abroad.

Staff members carry out research projects that are either funded directly through the Institute of Physics and Astronomy or through external funding. The external funding agencies that have approved research proposals within the program over the period 1996-2002 are listed in section 2.7. National and international collaboration is also defined in these proposals. To carry out observational work, it is essential that members of the program participate in larger national or international projects. Approval of the proposals leads to PhD students and/or postdocs (and additional funds to carry out the research project), which are all allocated to

289 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 10 : Marine and Atmospheric Research Program Leader : Prof. dr ir. H. Dijkstra the principal investigator of the project. Together with the PhD students and/or postdocs associated with different projects, each staff member has a small research group, which is embedded, in one of the larger research themes.

Discussions on research results occur at several levels. At the lowest level, there are regular (usually bi-weekly) meetings of the staff member and the members of his research group, possibly with external collaborators. At the next level, there are regular monthly meetings where the different research groups within a research theme discuss results. In some cases, research groups of other themes are also involved; for example, the groups Ocean Circulation and Climate and Physical Oceanography of the Coastal Zone meet bi-monthly. At lunch talks and seminars, the results are discussed at the level of the program as a whole. At the national level, nearly all research groups participate in specific research meetings organized by the CKO or NCK. These meetings are typically held four times a year and are very useful to maintain contact with researchers at participating institutes.

Together with their advisor, the PhD students write a plan of research and education. Apart from a work plan and the research proposal, this document also contains a list of courses and activities for the PhD students. At least four moments are scheduled within this plan, where both the educational and research activities of the PhD students are evaluated. After approval of the plan by the director of BBOS, the PhD student is formally admitted to the BBOS research school. Once a year in the fall, all members of BBOS meet for two days with a focus on the presentation of research by the PhD students of the school. Finally, there are several summer schools that are organized with the international research school COACh. Each summer school is centered on a specific theme and is attended by members of the appropriate research groups. These summer schools are very useful to maintain contact with researchers at foreign research institutes, such as the Max Planck Institutes in Hamburg and Mainz.

Main element of quality control is the external refereeing of manuscripts resulting from research within the program. The quality of research is guaranteed by publication of the research results in top-level international journals. Quality control of research results is further established through advising on thesis of master students and on participation of different staff members in PhD thesis committees.

2.4. Academic reputation M. van de Broeke: - Scientific editor of Journal of glaciology (since1999) - Scientific editor of Antarctic Science (since 2001) - Member of Scientific Steering Committee of European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica (from 2001).

P. Crutzen: - (Nobel Prize in 1995 in Chemistry) joined the program in 1996 on a part time basis, after having been on our advisory board for 5 years.

290 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 10 : Marine and Atmospheric Research Program Leader : Prof. dr ir. H. Dijkstra

H. Dijkstra: - NWO-PIONIER award in 1996 on the topic: Stability and Variability of the Climate System. - Member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW).

H. van Dop: - NATO CCMS scientific committee award 2000. - Editor of the journal Atmospheric Environment

J. Dronkers: - Co-editor of the journal Regional Environmental Change

P. Duynkerke: - Member of the Editorial Board of the Journal of Atmospheric Research (1998-2002)

B. Holtslag: - Associate Editor with the Journal of Geophysical Research, volume Atmospheres (1991- 1997) - Chairman of Working Group 1 of the GEWEX (Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment) Cloud System Study (GCSS) of the WCRP (Jan. 1997 -..) - Member of the Netherlands IGBP/WCRP committee as established by the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (from 1999).

J. Lelieveld: - Associate Editor of Journal of Geophysical Research (1997-2000) - Member of the scientific steering Committee of the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry Project (IGAC), since 1998. - Member of the committee on Atmospheric Chemistry and Global Pollution of the International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science (IAMAS) (Since 1994).

J. Oerlemans: - Recipient of the SPINOZA award in 2001. - Member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW). - Steering Committee member of the European Project on Ice Coring in Antarctica (European Science Foundation).

W. de Ruijter: - Chairman, Dutch WOCE (World Ocean Circulation Experiment) committee. - Member of the NWO Board for Earth and Life Sciences ALW. - Fellow (Foreign) of the Royal Society of South Africa.

2.5. Internal evaluation and analysis, perspectives and expectations for the research program Strengths. The program combines observational and numerical work with mathematical/physical approaches to fundamental problems. This approach creates a unique

291 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 10 : Marine and Atmospheric Research Program Leader : Prof. dr ir. H. Dijkstra position for the program in the international field. The program is covering a broad range of research topics and there is an excellent national and international collaboration. The staff in the program has a strong individual quality in their particular research field and plays a pronounced role in steering national and international research. The program is well funded from external sources.

Weaknesses. The added value of interaction between the different groups within the program on the boundaries of the different research themes is not exploited to its full extent.

Opportunities. In the near future there is a possibility to strengthen the program’s contribution to European and global multidisciplinary fundamental research programs. This can be realized both within the context of the Utrecht Center for Geosciences (e.g. computational paleoclimatology, coastal zone research) and in the NWO programs on Climate Variability and Computational Life Sciences. Another opportunity stems from ongoing and planned international observational programs - in the ocean, on glaciers and ice caps and in the atmosphere - for which funding has been secured and in which program members have leading roles. Analyzing and interpreting these observations is a challenging opportunity for the research program.

Threats. National funding agencies and the European Commission tend to stimulate research in the social/economical aspects of climate variability instead of the fundamental physical/mathematical aspects. Increasing bureaucracy at external financing institutions can result in a decrease of influence of this program on research projects. A significant threat is the possible decrease of technical support for fieldwork and numerical modeling if the financial situation does not allow for permanent positions.

Analysis. Considering the potential for significant contributions in the area of ocean- atmosphere and ice-ocean interaction, collaboration on these issues within the program has to be increased. Active participation in new initiatives within UCG, in particular in the area of Geophysics, has to be stimulated. It is important to guarantee technical support for fieldwork and numerical modeling.

Adjusted strategy. More effort should be put in demonstrating to the funding agencies and policy makers that fundamental research on the climate system is necessary to force breakthroughs in problems of simulation and prediction.

2.6. External validation The direct society relevant side of the research at IMAU is its contribution to unravel the main causes of climate variability, either natural or anthropogenic. This work contributes to the prediction of the evolution of the climate system, and the response of the coastal zone system, over the next decades to centuries.

The issue of climate change and the associated regional consequences have an increasing societal impact. The potential danger of unexpected regional weather changes is an urgent matter. A Western European country, such as the Netherlands, is vulnerable to climate

292 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 10 : Marine and Atmospheric Research Program Leader : Prof. dr ir. H. Dijkstra change and the issue of climate change will be on the political agenda for years to come. Although it is concluded in the Third Assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change that ‘there is new and stronger evidence that most of the warming observed over the last 50 years is attributable to human activities’, there are still many uncertainties. The fundamental research at IMAU contributes to reducing these uncertainties.

Finally, education of skilled meteorologists, oceanographers and climate researchers is relevant for Dutch institutes such as KNMI, RIVM and NIOZ. These institutes have a broad and important task in the Dutch society.

2.7. Researchers and other personnel Recruitment of excellent PhD students and postdocs is of utmost importance. Apart from obtaining these from our own educational program, we also recruit these from other universities in the Netherlands. The PhDs and postdocs have ample opportunity to participate in (inter)national research meetings and conferences. Due to the external funding, some postdocs have the opportunity to work within the program for a relatively long period of time. For example, postdocs funded by the Netherlands Space Research Organization (SRON) are offered a five-year appointment. There is a high level of international mobility of the PhDs and postdocs in the program and most of them spent some months at an institute abroad. The average duration of the PhD period appears to be slightly larger than 4 years. During 1996-2002 five PhD students dropped out from the program.

Table 3: Marine and Atmospheric Research Research staff at program level Name and present ‘96 ‘97 ‘98 ‘99 ‘00 ‘01 ‘02 title

Full professors W. de Ruijter 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 H. Dijkstra 0,15 0,60 P. Duynkerke 0,15 J. Lelieveld 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,50 J. Oerlemans 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 Associate professors H. de Swart 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 H. Dijkstra 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,45 P. Duynkerke 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,45 H. van Dop 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 C. Vreugdenhil 0,55 Assistant professors L. Conrads 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,45 G. Roelofs 0,35 0,60 0,60 A. van Delden 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 P. van Leeuwen 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 M. van den 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 Broeke R. van de Wal 0,35 0,60 J. van der Hage 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,40 Total tenured staff 7,15 6,60 7,20 7,05 6,65 6,35 6,00

293 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 10 : Marine and Atmospheric Research Program Leader : Prof. dr ir. H. Dijkstra

Name and present title ‘96 ‘97 ‘98 ‘99 ‘00 ‘01 ‘02 Post-doctoral fellows F. Alkemade 0,08 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00 A. Bregman 0,92 1,00 1,00 1,00 0,92 R. Bintanja 0,58 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00 D. Calvete 0,58 1,00 0,42 J. Cuijpers 1,00 0,58 J. de Gouw 0,17 1,00 1,00 0,42 S. de Roode 0,25 1,00 1,00 R. de Winter 0,58 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00 0,75 F. Dentener 0,42 1,00 1,00 1,00 0,67 F. Dijkstra 0,25 1,00 S. Galmarini 0,50 T. Gerkema 1,00 1,00 0,83 W. Greuell 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00 S. Houweling 0,08 0,33 0,58 S. Jongen 0,25 H. Jonker 0,58 0,42 C. Katsman 0,67 0,25 A. Kentarchos 0,25 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00 0,17 M. Krol 1,00 1,00 1,00 0,50 1,00 1,00 1,00 A. Mackintosh 0,25 1,00 0,50 J. Molemaker 0,42 1,00 0,58 J. v.d. Molen 0,92 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00 H. Oksuzoglu 0,17 1,00 1,00 0,67 C. Reijmer 0,42 1,00 G. Roelofs 0,92 1,00 1,00 1,00 0,33 M. Schmeits 0,75 G. Schramkowski 1,00 1,00 1,00 0,50 H. Schuttelaars 0,33 1,00 1,00 1,00 0,50 0,50 Z. Stockwell 0,75 J.A. van Aardenne 0,75 A. van Dijk 0,67 1,00 1,00 R. van der Toorn 0,50 1,00 0,50 P. van der Vaart 1,00 1,00 0,17 0,58 R. van der Wal 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00 0,42 S. van Leeuwen 0,92 M. van Weele 0,75 0,25 M. van Zanten 0,92 0,75 M. Visser 0,50 F. Vossepoel 0,25 1,00 C. Warneke 1,00 1,00 1,00 W. Weijer 0,08 1,00 1,00 1,00 J. Williams 0,25 1,00 0,17 K. Wilson 0,83 Z. Zuo 0,83 D. Zwartz 0,42 1,00 1,00 0,83 Part-time professors P. Crutzen 0,06 0,12 0,12 0,12 0,00 0,00 A. Holtslag 0,12 0,12 0,12 0,06 J. Opsteegh 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,09 0,12 0,12 J. Zimmerman 0,24 0,24 0,24 0,24 0,24 0,24 0,24 PhD students Total 15,24 19,44 21,84 21,6 20,64 17,16 16,68 Total non tenured 27,60 34,61 37,15 40,69 43,59 37,77 31,87 staff Total research staff 34,75 41,21 44,35 47,74 50,24 44,12 37,87

294 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 10 : Marine and Atmospheric Research Program Leader : Prof. dr ir. H. Dijkstra

Other program members Adjunct professors Prof. dr. P. Builtjes (until 10/02) Prof. dr. J. Dronkers Prof. dr. G. Komen (from 1/00) Prof. dr. C. Schuurmans (until 1/00)

Emeritus professor Prof. dr. C. Schuurmans (since 1/00)

Visiting staff Dr. D. Calvete (Univ. Politecnica de Catalunya, Barcelona) (8/96 until 1/97) Dr. N. Dinar (Inst. for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona) (5/96 until 12/96) Dr. A. Falqúes (Univ. Politecnica de Catalunya) (8/96 until 1/97) Prof. dr. A. Gordon (Columbia University) (7/01 until 9/010 Dr. G. Heinemann (University Bonn) (11/01 until 12/01) Prof. dr. J. Lutjeharms (University of Cape Town) (4/99 until 9/99) Dr. R. Matano (Oregon State University) (3/98 until 6/98) Prof. dr. D. Olbers (Alfred-Wegener Institute) (9/00 until 10/00) Dr. H. von Storch (GKSS-Research Center) (2/00 until 4/00) Dr. J. von Storch (GKSS-Research Center) (2/00 until 4/00) Prof. dr. G. Young (Wilfrid Laurier University) (1/99 until 7/99) Dr. I. Zhang (National Climate Center Beijing) (2/98 until 2/99)

2.8. Resources, funding and facilities Data: Table 4a Marine and Atmospheric Research Funding at program level in K€ Funding 1996 19971998 1999 2000 2001 2002 97-02 average Direct funding 1.089 1.081 1.179 1.375 1.060 1.621 1.234 Research funds 249 843 606 1.029 1.405 1.059 1.186 1.021 Contracts 550 712644 791 489 432 327 566 Other 500 391666 607 921 834 32 575

Total 3.036 2.998 3.605 4.191 3.384 3.167 3.397 Table 4a: The funding of the program during the evaluation period in k€.

295 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 10 : Marine and Atmospheric Research Program Leader : Prof. dr ir. H. Dijkstra

Table 4b Marine and Atmospheric Research Funding at program level in % Funding 1996 19971998 1999 2000 2001 2002 97-02 average Direct funding 36% 36% 33% 33% 31% 51% 36% Research funds 28% 20% 29% 34% 31% 37% 30% Contracts 23%21% 22% 12% 13% 10% 17% Other 13%22% 17% 22% 25% 1% 17%

Total 100%100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Table 4b: The funding of the program during the evaluation period in %. For an explanation see Research Institute documentation.

Facilities Within the program, there is a Weather Laboratory and a Chemical Laboratory. The Weather Laboratory is used for both research and teaching in dynamical meteorology. In the Chemical Laboratory air samples (from either ice cores or from measurements of the present atmosphere) are analyzed for trace gases.

Overview of external funding Category A: projects involve more than one PhD / Post doc and additional funding for materials and travel. Category B: projects involve one PhD / Post doc and sometimes additional funding for materials and travel. Category C: projects involve only one funding for field work/experiments and no personnel.

Project Project Period Funding Category leader Agency Stability and temporal variability of the Dijkstra 1996- NWO A climate system (PIONIER) 2002 Ice and Climate program (SPINOZA) Oerlemans 2001 NWO A Paleoglaciology: modelling of the Bintanja 1999- NWO B Pleistocene ice sheets and climate (PULS) 2002

Project Project Period Funding Category leader Agency Framework programme Space Research De From SRON B System Earth Ruijter 2001 Framework programme Space Research Roelofs From SRON B System Earth 2002 FOM-springplankplaats, dr. J. de Gouw 1998- FOM B 2001

296 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 10 : Marine and Atmospheric Research Program Leader : Prof. dr ir. H. Dijkstra

Project Project Period Funding Category leader Agency Turbulent mixing across a stably Duynkerke From FOM/ v B stratified interface: the effect of van Dop 2000 Stimulerings- evaporative cooling. Special postdoc programma position, dr. M. v. Zanten The evolution of oceanic rings and De Ruijter From FOM/v B cyclonic recirculation cells. Special 2001 Stimulerings- postdoc position, dr. C. Katsman programma

Project Project Period Funding Category leader Agency European Project on Ice Coring in Oerlemans 1997- NWO/NAAP A Antarctica (EPICA NL-1) 2001 European Project on Ice Coring in Van de From NWO/NAAP A Antarctica (EPICA-NL-2) Broeke 1999 Mixing of Agulhas Rings Experiment De Ruijter From NWO/ALW A (MARE)(NWO-Clivarnet program) 1999 Research on Atmospheric Chemistry in Lelieveld 1998- NWO/ALW A Surinam (RADCHIS) 2002 Outer delta dynamics; process analysis De Swart From NWO/ALW A of water motion, sediment transport and 2001 morphologic variability

Project Project Period Funding Category leader Agency Physics of coastal systems (RWS De Until RWS- A Kustzee) Swart 2002 RIKZ

Project Project Period Funding Category leader Agency Ice sheet mass balance in central West Oerlemans 1996- NWO/NOP A Greenland 2000 Mean sea-surface topography from De Ruijter Until NWO/SRON A satellite altimeter observations of 1996 /NOP horizontal eddy fluxes Non-linear dynamics of the coupled Dijkstra 1994- NWO/NOP A equatorial ocean-atmosphere system 1998 Climate consequences of increasing Lelieveld 1997- NWO/NOP A ozone in the tropsphere studied with a 2000 coupled chemistry-general circulation model Aerosol-cloud interactions and Duynkerke 1996- NWO/NOP A heterogeneous chemistry Lelieveld 2000 Roelofs

297 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 10 : Marine and Atmospheric Research Program Leader : Prof. dr ir. H. Dijkstra

Inverse modelling of methane soures and Lelieveld 1996- NWO/NOP A sinks 2000 Interbasin exchange, thermohaline De Ruijter 1996- NWO/NOP A structure and global overturning 2001 circulation of the Atlantic Ocean: remote sensing and modelling

Project Project Period Funding Category leader Agency Valley glaciers and climate change Oerlemans Until NWO/ALW B 1996 A glacio-meteorological expedition to a Oerlemans 1996- NWO/ALW B blue ice area in Dronning Maud Land, 2000 Antarctica, in the austral summer 1997- 1998 Simulation of the climate of Antarctica Oerlemans Until NWO/ALW B with a regional atmospheric model 1998 Glacio-meteorological experiment on Oerlemans 1995- NWO/EU A Vatnajokull, Iceland 1999 Climatic interpretation of glacier records Oerlemans From NWO/ALW B by inverse modelling (NWO-Clivarnet- 1999 program) Mesoscale mixing processes in the Dijkstra Until NWO/ALW B Greenland Sea 1997 Interannual vaiability of the wind-driven Dijkstra 1996- NWO/ALW B ocean circulation 2000 Agulhas Current Sources Experiment De Ruijter 2000- NWO/ALW A (ACSEX) 2001 Study of transports of chemical trace Roelofs 1997- NWO/ALW B species by extra-tropical cyclones as 2000 stimulated by a global chemistry-climate model Mass-flux schemes for transport of non- Van Dop 1995- NWO/ALW B reactive scalars in the convective Duynkerke 1999 boundary layer Aircraft Instrumentation Lelieveld From NWO C Duynkerke 1998 Modelling of interactions between climate Lelieveld 1999- NWO/ALW B change and stratospheric ozone depletion 2001 The Indian Ocean Experiment - INDOEX Lelieveld 1996- NWO/ALW A 2000

298 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 10 : Marine and Atmospheric Research Program Leader : Prof. dr ir. H. Dijkstra

Project Project Period Funding Category leader Agency Boundary-layer clouds Duynkerke 1995- NWO/ALW A Holtslag 1999 Atmospheric circulation during the Schuurmans NWO/ALW B Younger Dryas Generation of mesoscale fluctuations Duynkerke From NWO/ALW B in convective boundary layers 1999 Modelling of morphodynamical De Swart Until NWO/RIKZ B processes 1997 Sand waves in coastal seas De Swart Until NWO/RIKZ B 1997 Modelling of morphological De Swart 1997- NWO/ALW B processes in tidal inlets 2002 The development of the Dutch coastal Dronkers 1998- NWO, NSG, A zone in response to changing 2000 NITG-TNO, oceanographic conditions and RSW differential subsurface motion- NEESDI Modelling the morphodynamic Dronkers 2000- NWO/ALW B behaviour of main channels and 2002 thresholds in long tidal basins Large-scale morphodynamics of shelf Dronkers From NWO/ALW B seas 2001 Research on a mechanism by which Schuurmans 1999- NWO/ALW B enhanced UV-radiation of the active 2001 sun affects weather and climate. Long-term high resolution of the Van de From NWO/ALW B climate and mass balance of the Broeke 2001 Antarctic ice sheet Retroflection and ring formation of De Ruijter From NWO/ALW B ocean currents 2002 Propagation of equatorial climate De Ruijter From NWO/ALW B variability of the Southwest Indian 2002 Ocean EPICA drilling Dome C Van de 2002 NWO/ALW C Broeke Rapid changes in complex flows Dijkstra From NWO/E A 2001

Satellite remote sensing of snow and Oerlemans Until SRON B ice 1997 Glacier mass balance from space Oerlemans 1998- SRON B 2002

299 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 10 : Marine and Atmospheric Research Program Leader : Prof. dr ir. H. Dijkstra

Assessment of the global distribution Builtjes 1998- SRON A of tropospheric OH-radicals from 2002 GOME-observations Tropospheric ozone Lelieveld 1998- SRON B 1999 Detection of deep convective clouds Lelieveld Until SRON B using high resolution AVHRR 1998 satellite data Development of a three-dimensional Lelieveld From SRON B chemistry transport model of the 1998 stratosphere Chemistry and transport of carbon Lelieveld 1999- SRON B monoxide (CO) in the troposphere 2002 Occurrence and modelling of the 1.7 Lelieveld/ From SRON B year oscillation in stratospheric ozone Alkemade 1999 Monte Carlo radiative transfer in Duynkerke/ From SRON B spherical geometry applied to the Krol 2001 satellite measurements from SCIAMACHY

Project Project Period Funding Category leader Agency Parameterisation of mesoscale processes Vreugdenhil Until FOM B 1996 Proton-transfer-reaction mass- Lelieveld/ 1999- NWO/FOM B spectrometry in atmospheric research by De Gouw 2001 aircraft Ion trap mass spectrometry for the Lelieveld/ 2000- NWO/FOM B detection of trace gases in the De Gouw 2001 atmosphere

Project Project Period Funding Category leader Agency Airborne measurements of radiances in Van From NWO/STW A cloudy conditions Dop 2001 Reconstruction of the time-mean absolute Dijkstra From NWO/STW A velocity field of the ocean circulation 2002

Project Project Period Funding Category leader Agency Regional differences in tropospheric ozone Builtjes Until EU A in Europe - an analysis of its controlling 1998 phenomena (RIFTOZ) Processes of fresh water outflow into a De Ruijter Until EU- A marine environment, statistical analysis of 1996 MAST, temperature and salinity parameters on the RIKZ North-West European shelf - NOWESP

300 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 10 : Marine and Atmospheric Research Program Leader : Prof. dr ir. H. Dijkstra

COPERNICUS: European Tracer Van Dop Until EU A Experiment (ETEX) 1997 Study of the direct and indirect influences Lelieveld Until EU A on limate of anthropogenic trace gas 2000 emissions (SINDICATE) European project for ice coring in Oerlemans/ From EU A Antarctica (EPICA)I-III Van de 1996 Broeke Model development for tropospheric Lelieveld 1997- EU A aerosol and cloud chemistry (MODAC) 2000 European studies on trace gases and Lelieveld 1997- EU A atmospheric chemistry as a contribution to 2000 the large scale biosphere atmosphere experiment in Amazonia (EUSTACH) Stratosphere Troposphere Experiment by Lelieveld Until EU A Aircraft measurements - STREAM 2000 Towards the Prediction of Stratospheric Lelieveld Until EU A ozone (TOPOZ) 2000 Aerosol modelling Lelieveld Until EU 1999 Second aerosol characterisation Lelieveld 1997- EU A Experiment-Free tropospheric aerosols and 1998 their mixing with the marine boundary layer-ACE/FREETROP Climate sensitivity of Glacier mass Oerlemans 1996- EU A balance: the effect of topographic barriers 1998 (TEMBA) Arctic Ice masses to climate Change Oerlemans 1997- EU A (ICEMASS) 2001 Prediction of Aggregated Coastal Evolution De Swart 1998- EU B (PACE) 1999 Development of advanced data assimilation Van 1998- EU A systems for operational monitoring and Leeuwen 2001 forecasting of the North Atlantic and Nordic seas(DIADEM) European project on cloud systems in Dynkerke From EU A climate models (EUROCS) 2000 Influence of stratosphere-troposphere Roelofs 2000- EU A exchange in a changing climate on 2002 atmospheric transport and oxidation capacity (STACCATO) Tropospheric ozone and precursors – Roelofs 2000- EU B trends, budgets and policy (TROTREP) 2001 Particles of human origin extinguish natural Roelofs From EU A solar irradiance in the climate system 2002 (PHOENICS)

301 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 10 : Marine and Atmospheric Research Program Leader : Prof. dr ir. H. Dijkstra

Human interaction with large scale De Swart From EU A morphological evolution (HUMOR) 2001 Space borne measurements of Arctic Oerlemans From EU B glaciers and implications for sea-level 2002 (SPICE)

Project Project Period Funding Category leader Agency Aircraft influences and radioactive forcing Lelieveld 1997- VROM B from emissions - AIRFORCE 1998 A Lagrangian approach for modelling Van Dop Until OCW B turbulent transport and chemistry 1997 Natural variability of the North Atlantic Schuurmans 1997- RIKZ B storm track 2001

Project Project Period Funding Category leader Agency Modelling of channels, shoals and thresholds in De 1997- RWS- B the Western Scheldt estuary Swart 2001 RIKZ Flushing, mixing and circulation in the North De 1997- RIKZ B Sea under varying climate conditions Swart 2001 Assessment of the concentration field of Builtjes From ECN B climate relevant aerosol species over Europe by 1999 data analysis and modelling Nonlinear dynamics of shoreface-connected De From CLS B sand ridges Swart 1999

Project Project Period Funding Category leader Agency Indian Ocean Experiment Lelieveld 1999 COACh C Firn Air Analysis Van de 2000 COACh C Wal Agulhas De Ruijter 2000 COACh C Mediterranean intensive oxidant study Roelofs 2001 COACh C (MINOS) Observing the thermohaline ocean circulation De Ruijter 2002/ COACh C from the Pacific to the Indian Ocean via the 2003 Indonesian Passages. Dynamics and stability of tidal inlet - Outer De Swart 2002/ COACh C delta systems 2003 Meteorology and mass balance of the Van de 2002/ COACh C Greenland ice sheet: a proposal for two Broeke 2003 COACh-funded automatic weather stations. Aircraft observations of solar radiation, Van Dop 2002/ COACh C turbulence and chemistry in shallow-cumulus 2003 clouds

302 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 10 : Marine and Atmospheric Research Program Leader : Prof. dr ir. H. Dijkstra

2.9 Overview of the results 1. Key publications 1. J. Oerlemans, B. Anderson, A. Hubbard, Ph. Huybrechts, T. Jóhannesson, W.H. Knap, M. Schmeits, A.P. Stroeven, R.S.W. van de Wal, J. Wallinga and Z. Zuo (1998): Modelling the response of glaciers to climate warming. Climate Dynamics 14, 267-274.

2. W.P.M. de Ruijter, A. Biastoch, S. S. Drijfhout, J.R.E. Lutjeharms, R.P. Matano, T. Pichevin, P.J. van Leeuwen and W. Weijer (1999): Indian-Atlantic interocean exchange: dynamics, estimation and impact, Journal of Geophysical Research 104, C9, 20,885-20,910.

3. J. Lelieveld, et al. (2001): The Indian Ocean Experiment: Widespread Air Pollution from South and Southeast Asia, Science 291, 1031-1036.

4. S.R. de Roode and P.G. Duynkerke (1997): Observed Lagrangian transition of stratocumulus into cumulus during ASTEX: mean state and turbulence structure, J. Atmos. Sci, 54, 2157-2173.

5. H.M. Schuttelaars, and H.E. de Swart (1999): Initial formation of channels and shoals in a short tidal embayment. J. Fluid Mech. 386, 15-42.

6. H.A. Dijkstra, G. Burgers - Fluid dynamics of El Niño variability - Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 34, 531-558 (2002)

2. Dissertations 1996: A. Bregman (category 1) The distribution of trace gases in the lower stratosphere. Implications for ozone depletion and production promotors: Prof. dr. ir. P.J.H. Builtjes Prof. dr. J. Lelieveld

1996: M.R. van den Broeke (category 1) The atmospheric boundary layer over ice sheets and glacier promotor: Prof. dr. J. Oerlemans co-promotor: Dr. ir. P.G. Duynkerke

1996: R.J. Engelen (category 1) Satellite measurements of ozone. Infrared retrieval and interpretation promotor: Prof. dr. ir. P.J.H. Builtjes co-promotor: Prof. dr. G.L. Stephens (Colorado State University)

303 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 10 : Marine and Atmospheric Research Program Leader : Prof. dr ir. H. Dijkstra

1996: S.J.M.H. Hulscher (category 1) Formation and migration of large-scale rhythmic sea-bed patterns: a stability approach promotors: Prof. dr. W.P.M. de Ruijter Prof. dr. Ir. H.J. de Vriend (TU Twente) co-promotor: Dr. H.E. de Swart

1996: J.J. van Roijen (category 1) Determination of ages and specific mass balances from 14C measurements on Antarctic surface ice promotor: Prof. dr. J. Oerlemans co-promotor: Dr. K. van der Borg

1996: M. van Weele (category 1) Effect of clouds on ultraviolet radiation. Photodissociation rates of chemical species in the troposphere promotor: Prof. dr. ir. P.J.H. Builtjes

1997: G.C. Crone (category 1) Parallel Lagrangian models for turbulent transport and chemistry promotor: Prof. dr. Ir. W. Lourens co-promotor: Dr. H. van Dop

1997: S. Galmarini (category 1) Turbulent transport of nitrogen oxides in the atmospheric boundary layer promotor: Prof. dr. Ir. P.J.H. Builtjes co-promotors: Dr. H. van Dop Dr. J. Vilà-Guerau de Arellano (WAU)

1997: W.H. Knap (category 1) Satellite-derived and ground-based measurements of the surface albedo of glaciers promotor: Prof. dr. J. Oerlemans

1997: E.J. Kranenborg (category 1) Double-diffusive convection due to lateral thermal forcing promotor: Prof. dr. W.P.M. de Ruijter co-promotor: Dr. Ir. H.A. Dijkstra

1997: M.J. Molemaker (category 1) Thermohaline flows on different scales promotor: Prof. dr. W.P.M. de Ruijter co-promotor: Dr. ir. H.A. Dijkstra

1997: H.M. Schuttelaars (category 1) Evolution and stability analysis of bottom patterns in a tidal embayment promotors: Prof. dr. A. van Harten Prof. dr. W.P.M. de Ruijter co-promotors: Dr. A. Doelman

304 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 10 : Marine and Atmospheric Research Program Leader : Prof. dr ir. H. Dijkstra

Dr. H.E. de Swart

1997: M. Vellinga (category 1) Bifurcations and dynamics of the ocean's thermohaline circulation promotors: Prof. dr. W.P.M. de Ruijter Prof. dr. ir. C.B. Vreugdenhil

1998: P.C.F. van der Vaart (category 1) Nonlinear tropical climate dynamics promotor: Prof. dr. W.P.M. de Ruijter co-promotor: Dr. ir. H.A. Dijkstra

1999: N.P.M. van Lipzig (category 1) The surface mass balance of the Antarctic ice sheet: a study with a regional atmospheric model promotor: Prof. dr. J. Oerlemans co-promotor: Dr. E. van Meijgaard (KNMI)

1999: L. Marufu (category 1) Photochemistry of the African Troposphere. The influence of biomass burning promotors: Prof. dr. J. Lelieveld Prof. dr. G. Helas (MPI Mainz)

1999: A.C. Petersen (category 1) Convection and chemistry in the atmospheric boundary layer promotors: Prof. dr. A.A.M. Holtslag and Prof. dr. J. Lelieveld co-promotor: Dr. H. van Dop

1999: S.R. de Roode (category 1) Cloudy boundary layers. Observations and mass-flux parameterizations promotor: Prof. dr. A.A.M. Holtslag co-promotor: Dr. ir. P.G. Duynkerke

1999: A.B.C. Tijm (category 1) Sea-breeze Studies promotor: Prof. dr. A.A.M. Holtslag co-promotor: Dr. A.J. van Delden

2000: R.M. van Hees (category 1) Detection of deep convection in the atmosphere using infrared satellite data promotor: Prof. dr. J. Lelieveld co-promotor: Dr. W.D. Collins (Boulder, USA)

2000: S. Houweling (category 1) Global modeling of atmospheric methane sources and sinks promotor: Prof. dr. J. Lelieveld co-promotor: Dr. ir. F.J. Dentener

305 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 10 : Marine and Atmospheric Research Program Leader : Prof. dr ir. H. Dijkstra

2000: A.T.J. de Laat (category 1) INDOEX: Chemistry of the Indian Ocean atmosphere promotor: Prof. dr. J. Lelieveld

2000: S.M. Metzger (category 1) Gas/aerosol partitioning: a simplified method for global modeling promotor: Prof. dr. J. Lelieveld Prof. dr. H. Grassl (PPI, Hamburg) co-promotor: Dr. ir. F.J. Dentener

2000: M. de Reus (category 1) Aerosol measurements in the free troposphere and lower stratosphere promotor: Prof. dr. J. Lelieveld co-promotor: Dr. J. Ström (Univ. Sweden, Stockholm)

2000: W. Weijer (category 1) Impact of interocean exchange on the Atlantic overturning circulation promotor: Prof. dr. W.P.M. de Ruijter co-promotors: Dr. ir. H.A. Dijkstra and dr. P.J. van Leeuwen

2000: M.C. van Zanten (category 1) Entrainment processes in stratocumulu promotor: Prof. dr. A.A.M. Holtslag co-promotor: Dr. ir. P.G. Duynkerke

2001: B. Denby (category 1) Modelling and interpretation of turbulent fluxes in katabatic flows: applications to glaciers and the Greenland ice sheet promotor: Prof. dr. J. Oerlemans co-promotor: Dr. W. Greuell

2001: L.N. Ganzeveld (category 1) Surface-atmosphere trace gas and aerosol exchanges on the global scale promotors: Prof. dr. J. Lelieveld Prof. dr. A.A.M. Holtslag

2001: C.A. Katsman (category 1) Internal variability of the wind-driven ocean circulation promotor: Prof. dr. W.P.M. de Ruijter co-promotors: Dr. S.S. Drijfhout (KNMI) Dr. ir. H.A. Dijkstra

2001: L.A. Lange (category 1) Aircraft-borne trace gas measurements during the STREAM '98 campaign promotor: Prof. dr. J. Lelieveld co-promotor: Prof. dr. G. Helas (MPI, Mainz)

306 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 10 : Marine and Atmospheric Research Program Leader : Prof. dr ir. H. Dijkstra

2001: A. Los (category 1) Effects of boundary layer cloud inhomogeneities on solar radiaton promotor: Prof. dr. J. Lelieveld co-promotor: Dr. ir. P.G. Duynkerke

2001: C.H. Reijmer (category 1) Antarctic meteorology: a study with automatic weather stations promotor: Prof. dr. J. Oerlemans

2001: M.J. Schmeits (category 1) Bimodality and internal variability of the Gulf Stream and the Kuroshio promotor: Prof. dr. W.P.M. de Ruijter co-promotor: Dr. ir. H.A. Dijkstra

2002: E. van der Avoird (category 1) Low-frequency variability in the coupled ocean-atmosphere system at midlatitudes promotors: Prof. dr. C.J.E. Schuurmans Prof. dr. ir. H.A. Dijkstra

2002: M. Blaas (category 1) Continental slope currents and shelf-sea circulation promotor: Prof. dr. W.P.M. de Ruijter co-promotor: Dr. H.E. de Swart Dr. T. Gerkema

2002: S.M. van Leeuwen (category 1) Tidal Inlet Systems: a bottom pattern formation and outer delta development promotor: Prof. dr. W.P.M. de Ruijter co-promotor: Dr. H.E. de Swart

2002: W. Peters (category 1) Ozone in the tropical troposphere. promotor: Prof. dr. J. Lelieveld co-promotor: Dr. M.C. Krol

2002: M.S. de Ruyter de Wildt (category 1) Satellite-retrieval and modeling of glacier mass balance promotor: Prof. dr. J. Oerlemans

2002: M. Schouten (category 1) Indian-Atlantic interocean exchange: variability and controls promotor: Prof. dr. W.P.M. de Ruijter co-promotor: Dr. P.J. van Leeuwen

2002: O.N.E. Tuinder (category 1) Global distribution of OH radical production in the troposphere based on satellite data

307 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 10 : Marine and Atmospheric Research Program Leader : Prof. dr ir. H. Dijkstra promotor: Prof. dr.ir. P.J.H. Builtjes co-promotor: Dr. R. de Winter-Sorkina

1996: B.G. Arends (category 2) Aerosol and cloud microphysics, measurements and interpretations promotor: Prof. dr. ir. P.J.H. Builtjes co-promotor: Dr. W. Wobrock (Univ. Blaise Pascal, Aubière)

1996: M. Roemer (category 2) Trends of tropospheric ozone over Europe promotor: Prof. dr.ir. P.J.H. Builtjes

1997: G. Lenderink (category 2) Physical mechanisms of variability of the thermohaline ocean circulation promotor: Prof. dr. W.P.M. de Ruijter co-promotor: Dr. R.J. Haarsma (KNMI)

1997: H. Renssen (category 2) The climate during the Younger Dryas stadial promotors: Prof. dr. E.A. Koster Prof. dr. C.J.E. Schuurmans co-promotor: Dr. M. Lautenschlager

1997: R. van der Toorn (category 2) Geometry, angular momentum and the intrinsic drift of oceanic monopolar vortices promotor: Prof. dr. J.T.F. Zimmerman

1998: A. Stoffelen (category 2) Scatterometry promotors: Prof. dr. A.A.M. Holtslag Prof. dr. A. Anderson (Oxford) Prof. A. Heemink (TUD)

1998: J. Vogelzang (category 2) Radar imagery of the sea bottom topography promotor: Prof. dr. J.F.T. Zimmerman

1999: F.J.M. Alkemade (category 2) The changing ozone layer: variability analysis and model predictions promotor: Prof. dr. ir. P.J.H. Builtjes co-promotor: Dr. G.J.M. Velders (RIVM)

1999: R. van Dorland (category 2) Radiation and climate, from radiative transfer modelling to global temperature reponse promotor: Prof. dr. A.A.M. Holtslag co-promotor: Dr. P. Stammes (RIVM)

308 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 10 : Marine and Atmospheric Research Program Leader : Prof. dr ir. H. Dijkstra

1999: W. Hazeleger (category 2) Variability in mode water formation on the decadal time scale promotor: Prof. dr. W.P.M. de Ruijter co-promotor: Dr. S.S. Drijfhout (KNMI)

1999: J.P. Veefkind (category 2) Aerosol satellite remote sensing Promotors: Prof. dr. ir. P.J.H. Builtjes Prof. dr. G. de Leeuw (TNO)

1999: G. Verver (category 2) Interaction of mixing and chemistry in the atmosphere boundary layer promotor: Prof. dr. A.A.M. Holtslag co-promotor: Dr. H. van Dop

2000: R. Eisma (category 2) Experimental validation of a methane emission inventory for North-Western Europe promotors: Prof. dr. ir. P.J.H. Builtjes Prof. dr. J. Slanina (WAU) co-promotor: Dr. K. van der Borg

2000: P. Formenti (category 2) Measurements of aerosol properties in the troposphere promotor: Prof. dr. J. Lelieveld Prof. dr. M.O. Andreae (MPI, Mainz)

2000: A.B.M. Jeuken (category 2) Evaluation of chemistry and climate models using the measurements and data assimilation promotors: Prof. dr. H. Kelder (TUE) Prof. dr. J. Lelieveld co-promotor: Dr. ir. F.J. Dentener

2000: Q. Kleipool (category 2) Characterization and application of a sub-milimeter atmospheric sounder promotor: Prof. dr. J. Lelieveld co-promotors: Dr. J. Schrijver (SRON) Dr. A.P.H. Goede (SRON)

2000: M.D. Nauta (category 2) Two-dimensional vortices and accretion disks promotors: Prof. dr. J. Kuijpers (KUN) Prof. dr. J.T.F. Zimmerman

2000: G. van der Schrier (category 2) Aspects of the thermohaline circulation in a simple model promotor: Prof. J.T.F. Zimmerman co-promotor: Dr. L.R.M. Maas (NIOZ)

309 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 10 : Marine and Atmospheric Research Program Leader : Prof. dr ir. H. Dijkstra

2001: J.G. Bonekamp (category 2) On the physical air sea fluxes for climate modeling promotor: Prof. dr. G.J. Komen

2001: S. van Dijk (category 2) Nitric oxide emissions from soils: effects of deforestation promotor: Prof. dr. J. Lelieveld

2002: J.G.J. Olivier (category 2) On the quality of global emission inventories. Approaches, methodologies, input data and uncertainties promotor: Pof. dr.ir. P.J.H. Builtjes co-promotor: Prof. dr. L. Hordijk (WAU)

2002: L. van Veen. (category 2) Time scale interaction in low-order climate models Promotores: Prof. dr.ir. F. Verhulst Prof.dr. J.D. Opsteegh

1999: F.C. Vossepoel (category 3) Sea-level data assimilation for estimating salinity variability in the tropical Pacific promotors: Prof. ir. K.F. Wakker (TUD) Prof. dr. W.P.M. de Ruijter

3. Numerical Overview of the results Table 5 Program results: output numbers ‘96 ‘97 ‘98 ‘99 ‘00 ‘01 ‘02 Total

1. Academic publications a. In refereed 42 47 41 56 67 87 68 58* 466 Journals

b. other 16 11 9 14 8 6 13 1* 78 publications Total 58 58 50 70 75 93 81 59 544

2. PhD theses 8 10 3 11 13 9 9 63

*Submitted/accepted and not yet published as of 31 December 2002

4. Full list of academic publications (1996-2002) 1996 (refereed) Ayotte, K.W., P.P. Sullivan, A. Andrén, S.C. Doney, A.A.M. Holtslag, W.G. Large, J.C. McWilliams, C-H. Moeng, M.J. Otte, J.J. Tribbia, J.C. Wyngaard - An evaluation of neutral

310 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 10 : Marine and Atmospheric Research Program Leader : Prof. dr ir. H. Dijkstra and convective planetary boundary-layer parameterizations relative to large eddy simulations - Boundary layer meteorology 79, 131-175 (1996).

Bintanja, R. - Meteorological and glaciological characteristics of Antarctic blue ice areas - Circumpolar journal 11, 33-37 (1996).

Bintanja, R. - The parameterisation of shortwave and longwave radiative fluxes for use in zonally averaged climate models - Journal of climate 9, 439-454 (1996).

Bintanja, R., J. Oerlemans - The effect of reduced ocean overturning on the climate of the last glacial maximum – Climate dynamics 12, 523-533 (1996).

Bintanja, R., M.R. van den Broeke - The influence of clouds on the radiation budget of ice and snow surfaces in Antarctica and Greenland in summer - International journal of climatology 16, 1281-1296 (1996).

Coelingh, J.P., A.J.M. van Wijk, A.A.M. Holtslag - Analysis of wind speed observations over the North Sea - Journal of wind engineering and industrial aerodynamics 61, 51-69 (1996).

Cuijpers, J.W.M., P.G. Duynkerke, F.T.M. Nieuwstadt - Analyses of variance and flux budgets in cumulus-topped boundary layers - Atmospheric research 40, 307-337 (1996).

Dentener, F.J., G.R. Carmichael, Y. Zhang, J. Lelieveld, P.J. Crutzen - Role of mineral aerosol as a reactive surface in the global troposphere - Journal of geophysical research 101 (D), 22869-22889 (1996).

De Roode, S.R., P.G. Duynkerke - Dynamics of cumulus rising into stratocumulus as observed during the first "Lagrangian" experiment of ASTEX - Quarterly journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 122, 1597-1623 (1996).

Dronkers, J., A.G. Miltenburg - Fine sediment deposits in shelf seas - Journal of marine systems 7, 119-131 (1996).

Dijkstra, H.A., E.J. Kranenborg - A bifurcation study of double diffusive flows in a laterally heated stably stratified liquid layer - International journal of heat and mass transfer 39, 2699-2710 (1996).

Dijkstra, H.A., W.P.M. de Ruijter - Finite amplitude stability of the wind-driven ocean circulation - Geophysical and astrophysical fluid dynamics 83, 1-31 (1996).

Engelen, R.J. - The effect of planetary waves on the total ozone zonal deviations in the presence of a persistent blocking anticyclone system - Journal of geophysical research 101 (D22), 28775-28784 (1996).

311 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 10 : Marine and Atmospheric Research Program Leader : Prof. dr ir. H. Dijkstra

Evensen, G., P.J. van Leeuwen - Assimilation of Geosat altimeter data for the Agulhas Current using the Ensemble Kalman Filter with a quasi-geostrophic model - Monthly weather review 124, 85-96 (1996).

Feichter, J., E. Kjellsström, H. Rodhe, F.J. Dentener, J. Lelieveld, G.-J. Roelofs - Simulation of the tropospheric sulfur cycle in a global climate model - Atmospheric environment 30, 1693-1707 (1996).

Galloway, J.N., R.W. Howarth, A.F. Michaels, S.W. Nixon, J.M. Prospero, F.J. Dentener - Nitrogen and phosphorus budgets of the North Atlantic Ocean and its watershed - Biogeochemistry 35, 3-25 (1996).

Gerkema, T. - A unified model for the generation and fission of internal tides in a rotating ocean - Journal of marine research 54, 421-450 (1996).

Holtslag, A.A.M., M. Ek - Simulation of surface fluxes and boundary layer development over the pine forest in HAPEX-MOBILHY - Journal of applied meteorology 35, 202-213 (1996).

Hulscher, S.J.M.H. - Tidal-induced large-scale regular bed form patterns in a three- dimensional shallow water model - Journal of geophysical research 101 (C), 20727-20744 (1996).

Knap, W.H., J. Oerlemans - The surface albedo of the Greenland ice sheet: satellite-derived and in situ measurements in the Søndre Strømfjord area during the 1991 melt season - Journal of glaciology 42, 364-374 (1996).

Knap, W.H., J. Oerlemans, M. Cadée - Climate sensitivity of the ice cap of King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica - Annals of glaciology 23, 154-159 (1996).

Lutjeharms, J.R.E., W.P.M. de Ruijter - The influence of the Agulhas Current on the adjacent coastal ocean: possible impacts of climate change - Journal of marine systems 7, 321-336 (1996).

Nieuwstadt, F.T.M., P.G. Duynkerke - Turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer - Atmospheric research 40, 111-142 (1996).

Prospero, J.M., K, Barrett, T. Church, F.J. Dentener, R.A. Duce, J.N. Galloway, H. Levy II, J. Moody, P. Quinn - Atmospheric deposition of nutrients to the North Atlantic basin - Biogeochemistry 35, 27-73 (1996).

Quinn, P.K., K.J. Barrett, F.J. Dentener, F. Lipschultz, K.D. Six - Estimation of the air/sea exchange of ammonia for the North Atlantic basin - Biogeochemistry 35, 275-304 (1996).

Schuttelaars, H.M., H.E. de Swart - An idealized long-term morphodynamic model of a tidal embayment - European journal of mechanics, B/Fluids 15 (1), 55-80 (1996).

312 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 10 : Marine and Atmospheric Research Program Leader : Prof. dr ir. H. Dijkstra

Siebesma, A.P., A.A.M. Holtslag - Model impacts of entrainment and detrainment rates in shallow cumulus convections - Journal of the atmospheric sciences 53, 2354-2364 (1996).

Sündermann, J., G. Becker, D. van den Eynde, R. Laane, W. van Leussen, T. Pohlman, W. van Raaphorst, G. Radach, H. Schultz, M. Visser - Decadal variability on the North-West European Shelf – Deutsche hydrographische Zeitschrift 48 (3/4) (1996).

Van den Broeke, M.R - Characteristics of the lower ablation zone of the west Greenland ice sheet for energy-balance modelling - Annals of Glaciology 23, 160-166 (1996).

Van den Broeke, M.R., H. Gallée - Observation and simulation of barrier winds at the western margin of the Greenland ice sheet - Quarterly journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 122, 1365-1383 (1996).

Van der Hage, J.C.H. - Why are there no insects and so few higher plants in the sea? New thoughts on an old problem - Functional ecology 10, 546-547 (1996).

Van de Wal, R.S.W. - Mass-balance modelling of the Greenland ice sheet: a comparison of an energy-balance and a degree-day model - Annals of glaciology 23, 36-45 (1996).

Van de Wal, R.S.W., R. Bintanja, W. Boot, M.R. van den Broeke, L.A. Conrads, P.G. Duynkerke, J.P.F. Fortuin, E.A.C. Henneken, W.H. Knap, M. Portanger, H.F. Vugts, J. Oerlemans - Mass balance measurements in the Søndre Strømfjord area in the period 1990- 1994 - Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde und Glazialgeologie 31, 57-63 (1996).

Van de Wal, R.S.W., S. Ekholm - On elevation models as input for mass-balance calculations of the Greenland ice sheet - Annals of glaciology 23, 181-186 (1996).

Van Dop, H., M.C. Krol - Changing trends in tropospheric methane and carbon monoxide: a sensitivity analysis - Journal of atmospheric chemistry 25, 271-288 (1996).

Van Leeuwen, P.J. and G. Klopman A new method for the generation of second-order random waves, Ocean Engineering, 23, 167-192 (1996).

Van Leeuwen, P.J., G. Evensen - Data assimilation and inverse methods in terms of a probabilistic formulation - Monthly weather review 124, 2898-2913 (1996).

Veefkind, J.P., J.C.H. van der Hage, H.M. ten Brink - Nephelometer derived and directly measured aerosol optical depth of the atmospheric boundary layer - Atmospheric research 41, 217-228 (1996).

Vellinga, M. - Instability of two-dimensional thermohaline circulation - Journal of physical oceanography 26, 305-319 (1996).

Visser, M., S. Batten, G. Becker, P. Bot, F. Colijn, P. Damm, D.Danielssen, D. van den Eynde, L. Foøyn, A. Frohse, G. Groeneveld, R. Laane, W. van Raaphorst, G. Radach, H. Schultz, J. Sündermann - Time series analysis of monthly mean data of temperature, salinity,

313 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 10 : Marine and Atmospheric Research Program Leader : Prof. dr ir. H. Dijkstra nutrients, suspended matter, phyto- and zooplankton at eight locations on the North-West European Shelf - Deutsche hydrographische Zeitschrift 48 (3/4), 299-323 (1996).

Vogelezang, D.H.P., A.A.M. Holtslag - Evaluation and model impacts of alternative boundary-layer height formulations - Boundary layer meteorology 81, 245-269 (1996).

Zuo, Z., J. Oerlemans - Modelling albedo and specific balance of the Greenland ice sheet: calculations for the Søndre Strømfjord transect - Journal of glaciology 42, 305-317 (1996).

1996 (other publications) Beets, C., M.J. Molemaker, J. Vilà-Guerau de Arellano - Direct numerical simulation and large-eddy simulation of a non-premixed binary reaction in a turbulent convective boundary - in: Engineering turbulence modelling and experiments 3 (eds. W. Rodi, G. Bergeles) 279- 287, Elsevier (1996).

Bintanja, R., M.R. van den Broeke - Turbulent exchange of momentum and scalars in the surface layer over Antarctic snow and ice. In: Chemical Exchange between the Atmosphere and Polar Snow. E.W.Wolff and R.C. Bales (Eds.), NATO ASI Series, Vol. 43, 491-516 (1996).

Cuijpers, J.W.M., A.A.M. Holtslag, P.G. Duynkerke - Transport asymmetry in cloudy convective boundary layers - EGS XXI General Assembly, The Hague, The Netherlands 6- 10 May 1996, p. C473 (1996).

De Swart, H.E., G. Vittori, P. Blondeaux - The steady currents generated by the interaction of edge waves with incoming waves near absorbing beaches - in: Advances in coastal morphodynamics (ed. M.J.F. Stive et al), 780-785 (1996).

De Swart, H.E., S.J.M.H. Hulscher - Modelling water motions and bed form dynamics in shallow water - in: Advances in coastal morphodynamics (ed. M.J.F. Stive et al), 775-779 (1996).

Holton, J.R., J. Lelieveld - Stratosphere-troposphere exchange and its role in the budget of tropospheric ozone - in: Clouds, Chemistry and Climate (ed. P.J. Crutzen, V. Ramanathan) Springer (1996).

Hulscher, S.J.M.H., H.E. de Swart - 3D sandbank stability - in: Circulation and sediment transport around banks (CSTAB) vol. 1 (ed. B.A. O'Connor), 116-129 (1996).

Hulscher, S.J.M.H., H.E. de Swart - Linear stability analysis - tidal sandbanks in: Circulation and sediment transport around banks (CSTAB) vol. 1 (ed. B.A. O'Connor), 436-446 (1996).

Hulscher, S.J.M.H., H.E. de Swart - Morphodynamic modelling - in: Circulation and sediment transport around banks (CSTAB) vol. 1 (ed. B.A. O'Connor), 330-335 (1996).

314 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 10 : Marine and Atmospheric Research Program Leader : Prof. dr ir. H. Dijkstra

Kranenborg, E.J., H.A. Dijkstra - Double diffusive flow patterns in the unicellar flow regime: Attractor structure and flow development - in: Double-diffusive convection. Geophysical monograph 94, 89-95, Am.Geoph.Un. (1996).

Molemaker, M.J., H.A. Dijkstra - Layer formation in a salt stratified liquid cooled from above - in: Double-diffusive convection. Geophysical monograph 94, 97-104, Am.Geoph.Un. (1996).

Oerlemans, J. - Modelling the response of valley glaciers to climatic change - ERCA vol. 2 (ed. C. Boutron), 91-123 (1996).

Schuurmans, C.J.E. - Climate variability in Europe - in: Proceedings of Regional Workshop on Climate Variability and Climate Change, Prague, September 11- 15, 1995 (Ed. I. Nemesova) Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 25-34 (1996).

Waibel, A.E., M. Welling, H. Fischer, A. Bregman, H.A. Scheeren, M.J.A. Bolder, J. Lelieveld - Correlations of N2O, CO, O3, and NOy in the winter Arctic lower stratosphere during the STREAM-II campaign, February 1995 - In: J.A. Pyle, N.R.P. Harris and G.T. Amanatidis (eds.) Polar Stratospheric ozone, Proc. Third European symposium on solar stratospheric ozone, Schliersee, Germany (1996).

Warrick, R.A., C. le Provost, M.F. Meier, J. Oerlemans, P.L. Woodworth - Changes in sea level - in: Climate change 1995, the science of climate change, contribution of working group I to the second assessment report of the Intergovernmental panel on climate change, 359-408 (1996).

Zhang, Y., L-L. Chen, G.R. Carmichael, F.J. Dentener - The role of mineral aerosols in tropospheric chemistry. In: Air Pollution Modeling and its Application XI (ed. by Gryning and Schiermeier) Plenum (1996).

1997 (refereed) Bintanja, R. - Sensitivity experiments performed with an energy balance atmosphere model coupled to an advection-diffusion ocean model - Theoretical and applied climatology 56, 1- 24 (1997).

Bintanja, R., J.P.F. Fortuin, H. Kelder - Simulation of the meridionally and seasonally varying climate response caused by changes in ozone concentration - Journal of climate 10, 1288-1311 (1997).

Bintanja, R., S. Jonsson, W.H. Knap - The annual cycle of the surface energy balance of Antarctic blue ice - Journal of geophysical research 102 (D2), 1867-1881 (1997).

Bouwman, A.F., D.S. Lee, W.A.H. Asman, F.J. Dentener, K.W. van der Hoek, J.G.J. Olievier - A global high-resolution emission inventory for ammonia - Global biogeochemical cycles 11, 561-578 (1997).

315 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 10 : Marine and Atmospheric Research Program Leader : Prof. dr ir. H. Dijkstra

Bregman, A., F. Arnold, V. Bürger, H. Fisher, J. Lelieveld, H.A. Scheeren, J. Scheider, P.C. Siegmund, J. Ström, A. Waibel, W.M.F. Wauben - In situ trace gas and particle measurements in the summer lower stratosphere during STREAM II: implications for O3 production - Journal of atmospheric chemistry 26, 275-310 (1997).

Bregman, A., M.M.R. van de Broek, K.S. Carslaw, R. Müller, T. Peter, M.P. Scheele, J. Lelieveld - Ozone depletion in the late winter lower Arctic stratosphere: observations and model results - Journal of geophysical research 102 (D) 10815-10828 (1997).

De Roode, S.R., P.G. Duynkerke - Observed Lagrangian transition of stratocumulus into cumulus during Astex: mean state and turbulence structure - Journal of the atmospheric sciences 54, 2157-2173 (1997).

De Ruijter, W.P.M., A.W. Visser, W.G. Bos - The Rhine outflow: a prototypical pulsed discharge plume in a high energy shallow sea - Journal of marine systems 12, 263-276 (1997).

De Swart, H.E., V.N. de Jonge, M. Vosbeek. Application of the tidal random walk model to calculate water dispersion coefficients in the Ems estuary - Estuarine, coastal and shelf science 45, 123-133 (1997).

De Wolde, J.R., P. Huybrechts, J. Oerlemans, R.S.W. van de Wal - Projections of global mean sea level rise calculated with a 2D energy-balance climate model and dynamic ice sheet models - Tellus 49A, 486-502 (1997).

Dijkstra, H.A., C.A. Katsman - Temporal Variability of the wind-driven quasi-geostrophic double gyre ocean circulation: basic bifurcation diagrams – Geophysical and astrophysical fluid dynamics 85, 195-232 (1997).

Dijkstra, H.A., M.J. Molemaker - Symmetry breaking and overturning oscillations in thermohaline-driven flows - Journal of fluid mechanics 331, 169-198 (1997).

Engelen, R.J., Stephens, G.L. - Infrared radiative transfer in the 9.6 micrometer band: application to TOVS ozone retrieval - Journal of geophysical research 102 (D6), 6929-6939 (1997).

Fischer, H., A.E. Waibel, M. Welling, F.G. Wienhold, T. Zenker, P.J. Crutzen, F. Arnold, V. Bürger, J. Schneider, A. Bregman, J. Lelieveld, P.C. Siegmund - Observations of high concentrations of total reactive nitrogen (Noy) and nitric acid (HNO3) in the lower Arctic stratopshere during the STREAM II campaign in February 1995 - Journal of geophysical research 102, 23559-23571 (1997).

Fleming, K.M., J.A. Dowdeswell, J. Oerlemans - Modelling the mass balance of North-West Spitsbergen glaciers and responses to climate change - Annals of glaciology 24, 203-210 (1997).

316 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 10 : Marine and Atmospheric Research Program Leader : Prof. dr ir. H. Dijkstra

Gallée, G., P.G. Duynkerke - Air-snow interactions and the surface energy and mass balance over the melting zone of west Greenland during the Greenland Ice Margin Experiment - Journal of geophysical research 102 (D), 13813-13824 (1997).

Galmarini, S., J. Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, P.G. Duynkerke - Scaling the turbulent transport of chemical compounds in a neutral and stratified surface-layer - Quarterly journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 123, 223-242 (1997).

Galmarini, S., P.G. Duynkerke, J. Vilà-Guerau de Arellano - Evolution of nitrogen oxice chemistry in the nocturnal boundary layer - Journal of applied meteorology 36, 943-957 (1997).

Gregory, J.M., J. Oerlemans - Simulated future sea-level rise due to glacier melt based on regionally and seasonally resolved temperature changes - Nature 391, 474-476 (1997).

Greuell, W., W.H. Knap, P.C. Smeets - Elevational changes in meteorological variables along a midlatitude glacier during summer - Journal of geophysical research 102 (D22), 25941-25954 (1997).

Holland, E.A., B.H. Brasswell, J.F. Lamarque, A. Townsend, J. Sulzman, J.F. Muller, F.J. Dentener, G. Brasseur, H. Levy II, J.E Penner, G.-J. Roelofs - Variations in the predicted spatial distribution of atmospheric nitrogen deposition and their impact on carbon uptake by terrestial ecosystems - Journal of geophysical research 102, 15849-15866 (1997).

Krol, M.C., M. van Weele - Implications of variations in photodissociation rates for global tropospheric chemistry - Atmospheric environment 31, 1257-1273 (1997).

Lee, D.S., I. Kohler, E. Grobler, F. Rohrer, R. Sausen, L.Gallardo-Klenner, J.G.J. Olivier, F.J. Dentener, A.F. Bouwman - Estimatins of global Nox emissions and their uncertainties - Atmospheric environment 31, 1735-1749 (1997).

Lelieveld, J., A. Bregman, F. Arnold, V. Bürger, P.J. Crutzen, H. Fischer, A. Waibel, P. Siegmund, P.F.J. van Velthoven - Chemical perturbation of the lowermost stratosphere through exchange with the troposphere - Geophysical research letters 24, 603-606 (1997).

Lelieveld, J., G.-J.Roelofs, L. Ganzeveld, J. Feichter, H. Rodhe - Terrestrial sources and distribution of atmospheric sulphur - Philosophical Transactions/Royal Society of London B 352, 149-158 (1997).

Los, A., M. van Weele, P.G. Duynkerke - Actinic fluxes in broken cloud fields - Journal of geophysical research 102 (D), 4257-4266 (1997).

Meesters, A., M.R. van den Broeke - Response of the longwave radiation over melting snow and ice to atmospheric warming - Journal of glaciology 43, 66-70 (1997).

Molemaker, M.J., H.A. Dijkstra - The formation and evolution of a diffusive interface - Journal of fluid mechanics 331, 199-229 (1997).

317 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 10 : Marine and Atmospheric Research Program Leader : Prof. dr ir. H. Dijkstra

Oerlemans, J. - A flowline model for Nigardsbreen, Norway: projection of future glacier length based on dynamic calibration with the historic record – Annals of glaciology 24, 382- 389 (1997).

Oerlemans, J. - Climate sensitivity of Franz-Josef Glacier, New Zealand, as revealed by numerical modelling - Arctic and alpine research 29, 233-239 (1997).

Petersen, A.C., C. Beets, M.C. Krol - Parametrization of segregation effects due to convective boundary-layer mixing in atmospheric chemistry models - Physics and chemistry of the earth 21, 445-450 (1997).

Renssen, H., M. Lautenschlager, C.J.E. Schuurmans - The atmospheric winter circulation during the Younger Dryas stadial in the Atlantic/European sector - Climate dynamics 12, 813- 824 (1997).

Roelofs, G.-J., J. Lelieveld - Model study of the influence of cross-tropopause O3 transports on tropospheric O3 levels - Tellus 49B, 38-55 (1997).

Roelofs, G.-J., J. Lelieveld, H.G.J. Smit, D. Kley - Ozone production and transports in the tropical Atlantic region during the biomass burning season - Journal of geophysical research 102 (D9) 10637-10651 (1997).

Roelofs, G.-J., J. Lelieveld, R. van Dorland - A three-dimensional chemistry/general circulation model simulation of anthropogenically derived ozone in the troposphere and its radiative climate forcing - Journal of geophysical research 102 (D), 23389-23401 (1997).

Schmeits, M.J., J. Oerlemans - Simulation of the historical variations in length of Unterer Grindelwaldgletscher, Switzerland - Journal of glaciology 43, 152-164 (1997).

Van den Broeke, M.R. - A bulk model of the atmospheric boundary layer for inclusion in mass balance models of the Greenland ice sheet - Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde und Glazialgeologie 33, 73-94 (1997).

Van den Broeke, M.R. - Momentum, heat, and moisture budgets of the katabatic wind layer over a midlatitude glacier in summer - Journal of applied meteorology 36, 763-774 (1997).

Van den Broeke, M.R. - Structure and diurnal variation of the atmospheric boundary layer over a mid-latitude glacier in summer - Boundary layer meteorology 83, 183-205 (1997).

Van den Hurk, B.J.J.M., A.A.M. Holtslag - On the bulk parameterisation of surface fluxes for various conditions and parameter ranges – Boundary layer meteorology 82, 119–134 (1997).

Van der Vaart, P.C.F., H.A. Dijkstra - Sideband instabilities of mixed barotropic/baroclinic waves growing on a midlatitude jet - Physics of fluids 9, 615-631 (1997).

318 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 10 : Marine and Atmospheric Research Program Leader : Prof. dr ir. H. Dijkstra

Van de Wal, R.S.W., J. Oerlemans - Modelling the short-term response of the Greenland ice- sheet to global warming - Climate dynamics 13, 733-744 (1997).

Van Dorland, R., F.J. Dentener, J. Lelieveld - Radiative forcing due to tropospheric ozone and sulfate aerosols - Journal of geophysical research 102 (D23), 28079-28100 (1997).

Verver, G.H.L., H. van Dop, A.A.M. Holtslag - Turbulent mixing of reactive gases in the convective boundary layer - Boundary layer meteorology 85, 197-222 (1997).

Wauben, W.M.F., R. Bintanja, P.F.J. van Velthoven, H. Kelder - On the magnitude of transport out of the Antarctic polar votex - Journal of geophysical research 102 (D), 1229- 1238 (1997).

Zuo, Z., J. Oerlemans - Numerical modelling of the historic front variation and the future behaviour of the Pasterze glacier, Austria - Annals of glaciology 24, 234-241 (1997).

Zuo, Z., J. Oerlemans - Contribution of glacier melt to sea-level rise since AD 1865: a regionally differentiated calculation - Climate dynamics 13, 835-845 (1997).

1997 (other publications) Crutzen, P.J., R. Brost, F.J. Dentener, J. Feichter, R. Hein, M. Kanakidou, J. Lelieveld, P. Zimmermann - Development of a time-dependent global tropospheric air chemistry model “GLOMAC” based on the weather forecast model of the “ECMWF” - in: A Ebel, R. Friedricht, H. Rodhe (eds.) Tropospheric modelling and emission estimation. Springer Verlag, Berlin, 380-391 (1997).

Cuijpers, J.W.M., P.G. Duynkerke, A.A.M. Holtslag - Modelling and evaluation of scalar fluxes in convective boundary layers - BLT12, Vancouver, Canada, 28 July-1 August 1997, p. 180-181 (1997).

De Ruijter, W.P.M. - The challenge to observe the World Ocean circulation and its variability - in: Operational oceanography. The challenge for European co-operation (ed. J.H. Stel et al) Elsevier Science (1997).

De Winter-Sorkina, R. - Impact of ozone layer depletion on tropospheric ozone photodissociation rates - in: 3rd conference on Atmospheric Chemistry, 2-7 February 1997, 118-127 (1997).

Harvey, L.D., J. Gregory, M. Hoffert, A. Jain, M. Lal, R. Leemans, S. Raper, T. Wigley, J. de Wolde - An introduction to simple climate models used in the second assessment report - IPCC technical paper II, Geneva, Switzerland (1997).

Jonker, H.J., P.G. Duynkerke, J.W.M. Cuijpers - Energy spectra in the mesoscale range: A LES study - BLT12, Vancouver, Canada, 28 July-1 August 1997, p. 225-226 (1997).

319 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 10 : Marine and Atmospheric Research Program Leader : Prof. dr ir. H. Dijkstra

Krol, M.C., M. van Weele, R. de Winter-Sorkina - Tropospheric studies using GOME - in: Third ERS Symposium on Space at the service of our Environment, Florence, Italy, 14-21 March 1997, ESA, SP-414, vol. II, 653-658, (1997).

Lelieveld, J., P.J. Crutzen, D.J. Jacob, A.M. Thompson - Modeling of biomass burning influences on tropospheric ozone - in: Fire in southern African savannas. Ecological and atmospheric perspectives (ed. Wilgen, B.W. van, M.A. Andreae, J.G. Goldammer, J.A. Lindesay) - Witwatersrand UP, 217-238 (1997).

Schuttelaars, H.M., H.E. de Swart - Cyclic bar behaviour In: Managing water: Coping with Scarcity and Abundance. Proceedings of Theme A, Water for A Changing Global Community. The 27th Congress of the Int’l Assoc. for Hydraulic Research. Water Resources Engineering Division /ASCE. Held August 10-15, San Fransisco, CA 28-33 (1997).

Van de Wal, R.S.W., M. Wild, J. de Wolde - The role of precipitation in modelling the response of the Greenland ice sheet to global warming over the next hundred years - in: IGS proceedings The Hague 1996, Conference on climatology, ed. L. Nkemdirim, 1-12 (1997).

Van Leeuwen, P.J., A monitoring system for the Indian-Atlantic Ocean connection- in: Operational oceanography. The challenge for European co-operation (ed. J.H. Stel et.al.) Elsevier Science (1997)

1998 (refereed) Bintanja, R., - The interaction between drifting snow and atmospheric turbulence – Annals of glaciology 26, 167-173 (1998).

Bintanja, R. - The contribution of snowdrift sublimation to the surface mass balance of Antarctica - Annals of glaciology 27, 251-259 (1998).

Brasseur, G.P., R.A. Cox, D. Hauglustaine, I. Isaksen, J. Lelieveld, D. Lister, R. Sausen, U. Schumann, A. Wahner, P. Wiesen - European scientific assessment of the atmospheric effects of aircraft emissions - Atmospheric environment 32, 2329-2416 (1998).

Burgers, G., P.J. van Leeuwen ,G. Evensen - On the analysis scheme in the ensemble Kalman filter - Monthly weather review 126, 1719-1724 (1998).

Cuijpers, J.W.M., A.A.M. Holtslag - Impact of skewness and nonlocal effects on scalar and buoyancy fluxes in convective boundary layers - Journal of the atmospheric sciences 55, 151-162 (1998).

Danilin, M.Y., D.W. Fahey, U. Schumann, M.J. Prather, J.E. Penner, M.K.W. Ko, D.K. Weisenstein, C.H. Jackman, G. Pitari, I. Köhler, R. Sausen, C.J. Weaver, A.R. Douglass, P.S. Conell, D.E. Kinnison, F.J. Dentener, E.L. Fleming, T.K. Berntsen, I.S.A. Isaksen, J.M. Haywood, B. Kärcher - Aviation fuel tracer simulation: model intercomparison and implications - Geophysical research letters 25 (21), 3947-3950 (1998).

320 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 10 : Marine and Atmospheric Research Program Leader : Prof. dr ir. H. Dijkstra

De Laat, A.T.J., P.G. Duynkerke - Analysis of Astex-stratocumulus observational data using a mass-flux approach - Boundary layer meteorology 86, 63-87 (1998).

De Reus, M., J. Ström, M. Kulmala, L. Pirjola, J. Lelieveld, C. Schiller, M. Zöger - Airborne aerosol measurements in the tropopause region and the dependence of new particle formation on pre-existing particle number concentration - Journal of geophysical research 103, 31255- 31263 (1998).

Dijkstra, H.A., E.J. Kranenborg, – On the evolution of double-diffusive intrusions into a stably stratified liquid: the physics of self-propagation – International journal of heat and mass transfer 41 (14), 2113-2124 (1998).

Dijkstra, H.A., P.C.F. van der Vaart – On the physics of upgradient momentum transport in unstable Eastward jets – Geophysical astrophysical fluid dynamics 88, 295-323 (1998).

Feron, R.C.V., W.P.M. de Ruijter, P.J. van Leeuwen - A new method to determine the mean sea surface dynamic topography from satellite altimeter observations - Journal of.geophysical research 103 (C1), 1343-1362 (1998).

Galmarini, S., C. Beets, P.G. Duynkerke, J. Vilà-Guerau de Arellano – Stable nocturnal boundary layers: a comparison of one-dimensional and large-eddy simulation models – Boundary layer meteorology 88, 181-210 (1998).

Ganzeveld, L., J. Lelieveld, G.-J. Roelofs - A dry deposition parameterization for sulfur oxides in a chemistry and general circulation model - Journal of geophysical research 103 (D5), 5679-5694 (1998).

Greuell, W., R. Böhm – 2m temperatures along melting mid-latitude glaciers, and implications for the sensitivity of the mass balance to variations in temperature - Journal of glaciology 44 (146), 9-20 (1998).

Houweling, S., F.J. Dentener, J. Lelieveld - The impact of nonmethane hydrocarbon compounds on tropospheric photochemistry - Journal of geophysical research 103 (D9), 10673-10696 (1998).

Katsman, C.A., H.A. Dijkstra, S.S. Drijfhout - The rectification of wind-driven due to its instabilities – Journal of marine research 56, 559-587 (1998).

Knap, W.H., C.H. Reijmer – Anistropy of the reflected radiation field over melting glacier ice: measurements in landsat TM Bands 2 and 4 - Remote sensing of the environment 65, 93- 104 (1998).

Kranenborg, E.J., H.A. Dijkstra – Double diffusive layer formation near a cooled liquid-solid boundary - International journal of heat and mass transfer 41 (13), 1873-1884 (1998).

321 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 10 : Marine and Atmospheric Research Program Leader : Prof. dr ir. H. Dijkstra

Kranenborg, E.J., H.A. Dijkstra – On the evolution of double-diffusive intrusions into a stably stratified liquid: a study of the layer merging process – International journal of heat and mass transfer 41, 2743-2756 (1998).

Krol, M.C., P.J. van Leeuwen, J. Lelieveld - Global OH trend inferred from methylchlororform measurements - Journal of geophysical research 103 (D9), 10697-10711 (1998).

Krol, M.C., D. Poppe - Nonlinear dynamics in atmospheric chemistry rate equations - Journal of atmospheric chemistry 29, 1-16 (1998).

Lelieveld, J., P.J. Crutzen, F.J. Dentener - Changing concentration, lifetime and climate forcing of atmospheric methane – Tellus 50B, 128-150 (1998).

Matano, R.P., C.G. Simionato, W.P.M. de Ruijter, P.J. van Leeuwen, P.T. Strub, D.B. Chelton, M.G. Schlax - Seasonal variability in the Agulhas retroflection region - Geophysical research letters 25 (23), 4361-4364 (1998).

Oerlemans, J., B. Anderson, A. Hubbard. Ph. Huybrechts, T. Jóhannesson, W.H. Knap, M. Schmeits, A.P. Stroeven, R.S.W. van de Wal, J. Wallinga, Z. Zuo - Modelling the response of glaciers to climate warming - Climate dynamics 14, 267-274 (1998).

Oerlemans, J., W.H. Knap – A 1 year of global radiation and albedo in the ablation zone of Morteratschgletscher, Switserland – Journal of glaciology 44 (147), 231-238 (1998).

Oerlemans, J. - Comments on 'Mass balance of glaciers other than ice sheets' by Cogley and Adams - Journal of glaciology 45 (150), 397 (1998).

Petersen, A.C., E.J. Spee, H. van Dop, W. Hundsdorfer – An evaluation and intercomparison of four new advection schemes for use in global chemistry models - Journal of geophysical research 103 (D15), 19253-19269 (1998).

Roelofs, G.-J., J. Lelieveld, L. Ganzeveld – Simulation of global distriburion and the influence on effective cloud drop radii with a coupled photochemistry-sulfur cycle model - Tellus 50B, 224-242 (1998).

Smeets, C.J.P.P., P.G. Duynkerke, H.F. Vugts - Turbulence characteristics of the stable boundary layer over a mid-latitude glacier. Part I: A combination of katabatic and large scale forcing - Boundary layer meteorology 87, 117-145 (1998).

Van Delden, A.J. - The synoptic setting of a thundery low and associated prefrontal squall line in Western Europe - Meteorology and atmospheric physics 65, 113-131 (1998).

Van Delden, A.J. - The slope of isentropes constituting a frontal zone - Tellus 51A, 603-611 (1998).

322 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 10 : Marine and Atmospheric Research Program Leader : Prof. dr ir. H. Dijkstra

Van den Broeke, M.R. - The semiannual oscillation and Antarctic climate, part 1: influence on near-surface temperatures (1957-1979) - Antarctic science 10 (2), 175-183 (1998).

Van den Broeke, M.R. - The semiannual oscillation and Antarctic climate, part 2: recent changes - Antarctic science 10 (2), 184-191 (1998).

Van der Hage, J.C.H. – Response to J.D. Ackerman – Functional ecology 12, 982 (1998).

Van der Vaart, P.C.F., H.A. Dijkstra – The nonlinear evolution of unstable coupled equatorial ocean-atmosphere modes – Nonlinear processes in geophysics 5, 39-52 (1998).

Van Dop, H. - Comment on 'The parametrization of the vertical dispersion of a scalar in the atmospheric boundary layer' by A. Venkatram and reaction by D.J. Thomson - Atmospheric environment 32, 257-258 (1998).

Van Dop, H., R. Addis G. Fraser F. Girardi G. Graziani, Y. Inoue N. Kelly W.Klug, A. Kulmala K. Nodop J. Pretel - ETEX: A European tracer experiment; observations, dispersion modelling and emergency response - Atmospheric environment 24, 4089-4094 (1998).

Van Leeuwen, P.J. - Comment on 'Data assimilation using an ensemble Kalman filter technique' - Monthly weather review 127, 1374-1377 (1998).

Vellinga, M. - Multiple equilibria in ocean models as a side effect of convective adjustment. - Journal of physical oceanography 28, 621-633 (1998).

Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, J., P.G. Duynkerke - Exchange of chemical species between the atmospheric boundary layer and the reservoir layer: an analytical interpretation. - Applied scientific research 59, 219-227 (1998). Wallinga J., R.S.W. van de Wal – Sensitivity of Rhonegletscher, Switserland, to climate change: experiments with a one-dimensional flowline model – Journal of glaciology 44 (147), 383-394 (1998).

1998 (other publications) De Swart, H.E., M. Blaas - Morphological evolutions in a 1D model for a dissipative tidal embayment - Physics of Estuaries and Coastal Seas , Dronkers & Scheffers (eds.), Balkema, 305-314 (1998).

Friedrichs, C.T., B.D. Armbrust, H.E. de Swart - Hydrodynamics and equilibrium sediment dynamics of shallow, funnel-shaped tidal estuaries - Physics of Estuaries and Coastal Seas , Dronkers & Scheffers (eds.), Balkema, 315-327 (1998).

Holtslag A.A.M., P.G. Duynkerke (editors) - Clear and Cloudy Boundary Layers. Proceedings of the colloquium held in Amsterdam, August 1997 - Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.

323 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 10 : Marine and Atmospheric Research Program Leader : Prof. dr ir. H. Dijkstra

Holtslag, A.A.M., - Modelling of atmospheric boundary layers - Clear and Cloudy Boundary Layers, (Eds: A.A.M. Holtslag and P.G. Duynkerke), Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, 85-110 (1998).

Gerkema, T. - A note on the effect of finite Stokes-layer thickness in a morphodynamic stability problem - Physics of Estuaries and Coastal Seas , Dronkers & Scheffers (eds.), Balkema, 387-395 (1998).

Oerlemans, J. - The atmospheric boundary layer over melting glaciers - Clear and Cloudy Boundary Layers (Eds: A.A.M. Holtslag and P.G. Duynkerke), Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, 129-153 (1998)

Schuttelaars, H.M. - Nonlinear long-term equilibrium profiles in a short tidal embayment - Physics of Estuaries and Coastal Seas , Dronkers & Scheffers (eds.), Balkema, 337-343 (1998).

Van Dop, H., K. Nodop - ETEX, A European Tracer Experiment, Atmospheric environment special issue (24), 4089-4378 (1998).

Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, J., J. Lelieveld - Chemistry in the atmospheric boundary layer - Clear and Cloudy Boundary Layers (Eds: A.A.M. Holtslag and P.G. Duynkerke), Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, 267-286 (1998).

1999 (refereed) Bintanja, R. - On the Glaciological, meteorological, and climatological significance of antarctic blue ice areas - Review of geophysics 37 (3), (1999).

Crone, G.C., N. Dinar, H. van Dop, G.H.L. Verver - A Lagrangian approach for modelling turbulent transport and chemistry - Atmospheric environment 33, 4919-4934 (1999).

Dedikov, J.V., G.S. Akopova, N.G. Gladkaja, A.S. Piotrovskij, V.A. Markellov, S.S. Salichov, H. Kaesler, A. Ramm, A. Müller von Blumencron, J. Lelieveld - Estimating methane releases from natural gas production and transmission in Russia - Atmospheric environment 33, 3291-3299 (1999).

De Laat, A.T.J., M. Zachariasse, G.-J. Roelofs, P. van Elthoven, R.R. Dickerson, K.P. Rhoads, J. Oltmans, J. Lelieveld - Tropospheric O3 distribution over the Indian Ocean during spring 1995 evaluated with a chemistry-climate model - Journal of geophysical research 104 (D11), 13881-13893 (1999).

Denby, B. - Second order modelling of turbulence in katabatic flows - Boundary layer meteorology 92, 67-100 (1999)

Dentener, F.J., J. Feichter, A. Jeuken – Simulation of the transport of RN222 using on-line and off-line global models at different horizontal resolutions: a detailed comparison with measurements – Tellus 51B, 573-602 (1999).

324 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 10 : Marine and Atmospheric Research Program Leader : Prof. dr ir. H. Dijkstra

De Reus, M., J. Ström, P. Hoor, J. Lelieveld, C. Schiller - Particle production in the lowermost stratosphere by convective lifting of the tropopause - Journal of geophysical research 104 (D19), 23935-23940 (1999).

De Ruijter, W.P.M., P.J. van Leeuwen, J.R.E. Lutjeharms - Generation and evolution of natal pulses: Solitary meanders in the Agulhas Current - Journal of physical oceanography 29, 3043-3055 (1999).

De Ruijter. W.P.M., A. Biastoch, S.S. Drijfhout, J.R.E. Lutjeharms, R.P. Matano, T. Pichevin, P.J. van Leeuwen, W. Weijer - Indian-Atlantic interocean exchange: Dynamics, estimation and impact - Journal of geophysical research 104 (C9), 20885-20910 (1999).

Dijkstra, H.A., J.D. Neelin - Imperfections of the thermohaline crculation: multiple equilibria and flux-correction - Journal of climate 12, 1382-1392 (1999).

Dijkstra, H.A., J.D. Neelin - Coupled processes and the tropical Climatology. Part III: instabilities of coupled climatologies - Journal of climate 12, 1630-1643 (1999).

Dijkstra, H.A., M.J. Schmeits, C.A. Katsman - Internal variability of the North Atlantic wind-driven ocean circulation - Surveys in geophysics 20, 463-503 (1999).

Dijkstra, H.A., M.J. Molemaker - Imperfections of the North-Atlantic wind-driven circulation: continental geometry and a-symetric wind stress - Journal of marine research 57, 1-28 (1999)

Duynkerke, P.G. - Turbulence, radiation and fog in Dutch stable boundary layers - Boundary layer meteorology 90, 447-477 (1999).

Duynkerke, P.G., P.J. Jonker, A. Chlond, M.V. van Zanten, J. Cuxart, P. Clark, E. Sanchez, G. Martin, G. Lenderink, J. Teixeira - Intercomparison of three- and one-dimensional simulations and aircraft observations of stratocumulus - Boundary layer meteorology 92, 453-487 (1999).

Greuell, W., M.S. de Ruyter de Wildt - Anisotropic Reflection by Melting Glacier Ice: Measurements and Parametrizations in Landsat TM Bands 2 and 4 - Remote sensing of the environment 70, 265-277 (1999).

Heinz, S., H. van Dop - Buoyant plume rise described by a Lagrangian turbulence model, - Atmospheric environment 33, 2031-2043 (1999).

Houweling, S., T. Kaminski, F.J. Dentener, J. Lelieveld, M. Heimann - Inverse modelling of methane sources and sinks using the adjoint of a global transport model - Journal of geophysical research 104, 26137-26160 (1999).

Huybrechts, P., J. de Wolde - The dynamic response of the greenland and antartic ice sheets to multiple-century climatic warming - Journal of climate 12 (8), 2169-2188 (1999).

325 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 10 : Marine and Atmospheric Research Program Leader : Prof. dr ir. H. Dijkstra

Isaksson, E., M. R. van den Broeke, J.-G. Winther, L. Karlöf, J.-F. Pinglot, N. Gundestrup - Accumulation and proxy-temperature variability in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, determined from shallow firn cores - Annals of glaciology 29, 17-22 (1999).

Jonker, H.J.J., P.G. Duynkerke, J.W.M. Cuijpers - Mesoscale fluctuations in scalars generated by boundary layer convection - Journal of the atmospheric sciences 56, 801-808 (1999).

Kentarchos, A.S., G.-J. Roelofs, J. Lelieveld -Model study of a stratospheric intrusion event at lower midlatitudes associated with the development of a cutoff low- Journal of geophysical research 104 (D1), 1717-1727 (1999).

Knap, W.H., C.H. Reijmer, J. Oerlemans - Narrowband to broadband conversion of Landsat- TM glacier albedos - International journal of remote sensing 20 (10), 2091-2110 (1999).

Knap, W.H., B.W. Brock, J. Oerlemans, I.C. Willis - Comparison of Landsat TM-derived and ground-based albedos of Haut Glacier d' Arolla, Switzerland - International journal of remote sensing 20 (17), 3293-3310 (1999).

Lelieveld, J., A. Bregman, H.A. Scheeren, J. Ström, K.S. Carslaw, H. Fischer, P.C. Siegmund, F. Arnold - Chlorine activation and ozone destruction in the northern lowermost stratosphere - Journal of geophysical research 104 (D7), 8201-8213 (1999).

Marufu, L., J. Ludwig, M.O. Andreae, J. Lelieveld, G. Helas - Spatial and temporal variation in biofuel consumption rates and patterns in Zimbabwe: Implications for atmospheric trace gas emissions - Biomass and Bioenergy 16, 311-332 (1999).

Obleitner, F., J. de Wolde - On intercomparison of instruments used within the Vatnajökull glacio-meteorological experiment - Boundary layer meteorology 92, 27-37 (1999).

Oerlemans, J., H. Björnsson, M. Kuhn, F. Obleitner, F. Palsson, C.J.P.P. Smeets, H.F. Vugts, J. de Wolde - Glacio-meteorological investigations on Vatnajökull, Iceland, summer 1996: an overview - Boundary layer meteorology 92, 3-26 (1999).

Petersen, A.C., C. Beets, H. van Dop, P.G. Duynkerke, A.P. Siebesma - Mass-flux characteristics of reactive scalars in the convective boundary layer - Journal of atmospheric sciences 56, 37-56 (1999).

Petersen, A.C., A.A.M. Holtslag - A First-Order Closure for Covariances and fluxes of Reactive species in the Convective Boundary Layer - Journal of applied meteorology 38 (12), 1758-1776 (1999).

Reijmer, C.H., W.H. Knap, J. Oerlemans - The surface of the Vatnajökull cap, Iceland: a comparison between sattelite-derived and ground-based measurements - Boundary layer meteorology 92, 125-144 (1999).

326 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 10 : Marine and Atmospheric Research Program Leader : Prof. dr ir. H. Dijkstra

Reijmer, C.H., W. Greuell, J. Oerlemans - The annual cycle of meteorological variables and the surface energy balance on Berkner Island, Antarctica - Annals of glacialogy 29, 49-54 (1999).

Roeckner, E., L. Bengtsson, J. Feichter, J. Lelieveld, H. Rodhe - Transient climate change simulations with a coupled atmosphere-ocean GCM including the tropospheric sulfur cycle - Journal of climate 12, 3004-3032 (1999).

Roelofs, G.-J. - Radiative forcing by tropospheric ozone: impact of cloud representation - Geophysical research letters 26 (4), 467-470 (1999).

Schneider, J., F. Arnold, J. Curtius, B. Sierau, H. Fischer, P. Hoor, F.G. Wienhold, U. Parchatka, Y.C. Zhang, H. Schlager, H. Ziereis, Ch. Feigl, J. Lelieveld, H.A. Scheeren, O. Bujok - The temporal evolution of the ratio HNO3/NOy in the Arctic lower stratosphere from January to March 1997 - Geophysical research letters 26, 1125-1128 (1999).

Schuttelaars, H.M., H.E. de Swart - Initial formation of channels and shoals in a short tidal embayment - Journal of fluid mechanics 386, 15-42 (1999).

Smeets, C.J.P.P., P.G. Duynkerke, H.F. Vugts - Observed wind profiles and turbulence fluxes over an ice surface with changing surface roughness - Boundary layer meteorology 92, 101-123 (1999). Ström, J., H. Fischer, J. Lelieveld, F. Schröder - In-situ measurements of microphysical properties and trace gases in two cumulonimbus anvils over western Europe - Journal of geophysical research 104, 12221-12226 (1999).

Tijm, A.B.C. A.A.M. Holtslag, A.J. van Delden - Observations and modeling of the sea breeze with the Return Current- Monthly weather review 127, 625-640 (1999).

Tijm, A.B.C., A.J. van Delden - The role of sound waves in sea-breeze initiation - Quarterly journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 125, 1997-2018 (1999).

Tijm, A.B.C., A.J. van Delden, A.A.M. Holtslag - The inland penetration of sea breezes - Beiträge zur Physik der Atmosphäre 72, 317-328 (1999).

Van Delden, A.J. -The slope of isentropes constituiting a frontal zone- Tellus 51A , 603-611 (1999).

Van den Broeke, M.R., J.-G. Winther, E. Isaksson, J.F. Pinglot, L. Karlöf, T. Eiken, L. Conrads - Climate variables along a traverse line in Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica - Journal of glaciology 45, 295-301 (1999)

Van der Avoird, E., P.G. Duynkerke - Turbulence in a katabatic flow: Does it resemble turbulence in stable boundary layers over flat surfaces? - Boundary layer meteorology 92, 39- 66 (1999).

327 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 10 : Marine and Atmospheric Research Program Leader : Prof. dr ir. H. Dijkstra

Van der Hage, J.C.H., S.R. de Roode - An isotropic light sensor for measurements of visible actinic flux in clouds - Journal of atmospheric and oceanic technology 16, 1698-1701 (1999).

Van de Wal, R.W.S. - Processes of buildup and retreat of the Greenland ice sheet - Journal of geophysical research 106 (D4), 3899-3906 (1999).

Van de Wal, R.W.S. - The importance of thermodynamics for modeling the volume of the Greenland ice sheet - Journal of geophysical research 104 (D4), 3887-3898 (1999).

Van Haren, H., L. Maas, J.T.F. Zimmerman, H. Ridderinkhof, H. Malschaert - Strong inertial currents and marginal internal wave stability in the central North Sea - Geophysical research letters 26 (19), 2993-2996 (1999)

Van Hees, R.M., J. Lelieveld, W.D. Collins - Detecting tropical convection using AVHRR satellite data - Journal of geophysical research 104 (D8), 9213-9228 (1999).

Van Leeuwen, P.J. - The time-mean circulation in the Agulhas region determined with the ensemble smoother - Journal of geophysical research 104 (C1), 1393-1404 (1999).

Van Lipzig, N., E. van Meijgaard, J. Oerlemans - Evaluation of a regional atmosferic model for January 1993, using in situ measurements from the Antarctic - Annals of glaciology 27, 507-514 (1999).

Van Lipzig, N., E. van Meijgaard, J. Oerlemans - Evaluation of a regional atmospheric model using measurements of surface heat exchange processes from a site in Antarctica - Monthly weather review 127, 1994-2011 (1999).

Van Zanten, M.C., P.G. Duynkerke, J.W.M. Cuijpers - Entrainment parameterization in convective boundary layers - American Meteorological Society 56 (6), 813-828 (1999).

Vittori, G, H.E. de Swart, P. Blondeaux - Crescentic bedforms in the nearshore region - Journal of fluid mechanics 381, 271-303 (1999).

Waibel, A.E., H. Fischer, F.G. Wienhold, P.C. Siegmund, B. Lee, J. Ström, J. Lelieveld, P.J. Crutzen - Highly elevated carbon monoxide concentrations in the upper troposphere and lowermost stratosphere at northern midlatitudes during the STREAM-II summer campaign in 1994 - Chemosphere: Global Change Sciences 1, 233-248 (1999).

Weijer, W., W.P.M. de Ruijter, H.A. Dijkstra, P.J. van Leeuwen - Impact of interbasin exchange on the Atlantic overtuning circulation - Journal of physical oceanography 29, 2266-2284 (1999).

1999 (other publications) Bregman, A., J. Lelieveld, H.A. Scheeren, J. Ström, K. Carslaw, H. Fischer, P. Siegmund, F. Arnold - Chlorine activation and ozone destruction in the lowermoststratosphere? -

328 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 10 : Marine and Atmospheric Research Program Leader : Prof. dr ir. H. Dijkstra

Proceedings of the European Workshop on Mesoscale processes in the stratosphere - Bald Tölz, Germany, 8-11 November 1998.

Burgers, G., H.A. Dijkstra - Met El Niño naar Global Change: lessen uit de Stille Oceaan. In: Kok, M en W. de Groot - Een Klimaat voor Verandering , Uitg. Jan van Arkel (1999).

Calvete, D., A. Falqués, H.E. de Swart, N. Dodd: Non-linear Modelling of shoreface- connected sand ridges. In: Kraus, N.C. and W.G. McDougal - Coastal Sediments '99 , 2, ASCE, 1123-1138 (1999).

De Wolde, J. - Uncertainties in sea-level scenarios. In: Carter, T.R., M. Hulme and D. Viner (eds.) - Representing Uncertainty in Climate Charge Scenarios and Impact Studies , ECLAT- 2 report no. 1, Helsinki Workshop, 14-16 (1999).

Dijkstra, H.A., P.C.J. van der Vaart - Instabilities in the coupled equatorial ocean- atmosphere. In: Shyy, W and R. Narayanan (eds) - Fluid Dynamics at Interface, Cambridge University Press (1999).

Falqués, A, D. Calvete, H.E. de Swart, N. Dodd - Morphodynamics of shoreface-connected ridges. In B.L. Edge (ed.), Proc. 26th Int. Conf. Costal Engineering, ASCE, Reston (VI) 2851-2864 (1999).

Kreidenweis, S., G. Tyndall, M. Barth, F.J. Dentener, J. Lelieveld, M. Mozurkewich - Aerosols and clouds - In: G.P. Brasseur, J.J. Orlando and G.S. Tyndall (eds.) Atmospheric chemistry and global change, pp. 117-154, Oxford University Press, New York (1999).

Molemaker, M.J., H.A. Dijkstra - Multiple equilibria and stability of the North-Atlantic wind-driven ocean circulation. In: Doedel, E., and L. Tuckerman (eds.) - Numerical Methods for Bifurcation Problems and Large Scale Dynamical Systems, IMA Volumes in Mathematics and its Applications, 119, 303-318 (1999).

Schramkowski, G.P., H.E. de Swart - Combined effect of overtides and Coriolis force in a 3D morphodynamic model - Proc. IAHR Symposium Genoa '99, G. Seminara and P. Blondeaux (eds) 269-278 (1999).

Schuttelaars, H.M., H.E. de Swart - Equilibrium morphodynamics in a long tidal embayment - Proc IAHR Symposium Genoa '99, G. Seminara and P. Blondeaux (eds) 619-628 (1999).

Van Dop, H. - A Lagrangian two-particle model for turbulent transport and chemistry, EGS, the Hague (1999).

Van Leeuwen, S.D.M., H.E. de Swart - The effect of nonlinear and deposition processes on the morphodynamics of tidal embayments - Proc. IAHR Symposium Genoa '99, G. Seminara and P. Blondeaux (eds) 639-648 (1999).

Vittori, G., H.E. de Swart, P. Blondeaux - Arcuate patterns of the longshore bar: model and physical explanation. In: Proc. PACE Congres, Venice, contr. nr. 4.7 (1999).

329 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 10 : Marine and Atmospheric Research Program Leader : Prof. dr ir. H. Dijkstra

Vittori, G., H.E. de Swart, P. Blondeaux - Longshore patterns of the sea bottom morphology. In: Proc. 26th Int. Conf. Costal Engineering, ASCE, Reston (VI) 2710-2721 (1999).

2000 (refereed) Abdella, K., A.C. Petersen - Third-order moment closure through a mass-flux approach - Boundary layer meteorology 95, 303-318 (2000).

Bintanja, R. - Mesoscale meteorological conditions in Dronning Maud Land Antarctica, during summer: the momentum budget of the boundary layer - Antarctic science 12 (2), 229- 242 (2000).

Bintanja, R. - Snowdrift suspension and atmospheric turbulence. Part I: theoretical background and model description - Boundary layer meteorology 95, 343-368 (2000).

Bintanja, R. - Snowdrift suspension and atmospheric turbulence. Part II: Results of model simulations - Boundary layer meteorology 95, 369-395 (2000).

Bintanja, R. - Surface heat budget of Antarctic snow and blue ice: Interpretation of spatial and temporal variability - Journal of geophysical research 105 (D19), 24.87-24408 (2000).

Bintanja, R. - Mesoscale meteorological conditions in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, during summer: a qualitative analysis of forcing mechanisms - Journal of applied meteorology 39, 2348-2370 (2000).

Bregman, A., J. Lelieveld, M.M.R. van de Broek, P.C. Siegmund, H. Fischer, O. Bujok - The N2O and O3 relationship in the lowermost stratosphere: a diagnostic for mixing processes as represented by a three-dimensional chemistry-transport model - Journal of geophysical research 105, 17279-17290 (2000).

Crutzen P.J., U. Pöschl, J. Williams, B. Hoor, H. Fischer, C. Warneke, R. Holzinger, A. Hansel, W. Lindinger, H.A. Scheeren, J. Lelieveld - High spatial and temporal measurements of primary organics and their oxidation products over the tropical forest of Surinam - Atmospheric environment 34, 1161-1165 (2000).

De Gouw, J.A., C.J. Howard, T.G. Custer, B.M. Baker, R. Fall - Proton-transfer chemical - ionization mass spectrometry allows real-time analysis of volatile organic compounds released from cutting and drying of crops - Environment, science & technology 34, 2640- 2648 (2000).

De Laat, A.T.J., J. Lelieveld - Diurnal ozone cycle in the tropical and subtropical marine boundary layer - Journal of geophysical research 105 (D9), 11547-11559 (2000).

Denby, B., C.J.P.P. Smeets - Derivation of turbulent flux profiles and roughness lengths from katabic flow dynamics - Journal of Applied Meteorology 39, 1601-1612 (2000).

330 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 10 : Marine and Atmospheric Research Program Leader : Prof. dr ir. H. Dijkstra

Denby, B., W. Greuell - The use of bulk and profile methods for determining surface heat fluxes in the presence of glacier winds - Journal of glaciology 46, 445-452 (2000).

De Reus, M., F.J. Dentener, A. Thomas, S. Borrmann, J. Ström, J. Lelieveld - Airborne observations of dust aerosol over the North Atlantic Ocean during ACE 2: Indications for heterogeneous ozone destruction - Journal of geophysical research 105, No.D12, 15263-15275 (2000).

De Reus, M., J. Ström, J. Curtius, L. Pirjola, E. Vignati, F. Arnold, H.C. Hansson, M.J. Kulmala,, J. Lelieveld, F. Raes - Aerosol production and growth in the upper free troposphere - Journal of geophysical research 105, 24751-24762 (2000).

De Roode, S.R., P.G. Duynkerke, A.P. Siebesma - Analogies between mass-flux and reynolds-averaged equations - Journal of atmospheric sciences 57, 1585-1598 (2000).

De Ruijter, W.P.M., J.R.E. Lutjeharms, H. Ridderinkhof, - Observations of the Mozambique Channel and the East Madagascar Current in ACSEX, the Agulhas Current Sources Experiment - WOCE-Newsletter 38, 32-34 (2000).

Dijkstra, H.A., J. D. Neelin - Imperfections of the thermohaline circulation: latitudinal asymmetry and preferred northern sinking - Journal of climate 13, 366-382 (2000).

Evensen, G., P.J. van Leeuwen - An ensemble kalman smoother for nonlinear dynamics - Monthly weather review 128 (No.6), 1852-1867 (2000).

Fischer H., F.G. Wienhold, P. Hoor, O. Bujok, C. Schiller, P. Siegmund, M. Ambaum, H.A. Scheeren, J. Lelieveld - Tracer correlations in the Arctic lower stratosphere: The role of isentropic cross-tropopause mass exchange - Geophysical research letters 27, 97-100 (2000).

Formenti, P., M.O. Andreae, J. Lelieveld. - Measurements of aerosol optical depths in the North Atlantic free troposphere: results from ACE-2 - Tellus 52B (No. 2), 678-693 (2000).

Gerkema, T. - A lineair stability analysis of tidally generated sand waves - Journal of fluid mechanics 417, 303-322 (2000).

Greuell W., W.H. Knap - Remote sensing of the albedo and detection of the slush line on the Greenland ice sheet - Journal of geophysical research 105 (D12) 15567-15576 (2000).

Greuell W. - Melt-water accumulation on the surface of the Greenland ice sheet: effect on albedo and mass balance - Geografiska annaler, 82A, 489-498 (2000).

Holmlund, P., K. Gjerde, N. Gundestrup, M. Hansson, E. Isaksson, L. Karlof, M. Nyman, R. Pettersson, F. Pinglot, C.H. Reijmer, M. Stenberg, M. Thomassen, R.S.W. van de Wal, C. van der Veen, F. Wilhelms, J.-G. Winther - Spatial gradients in snow layering and 10m temperatures at two EPICA-Dronning Maud Land (Antarctica) pre-site-survey drill sites - Annals of glaciology 30, 13-19 (2000).

331 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 10 : Marine and Atmospheric Research Program Leader : Prof. dr ir. H. Dijkstra

Houweling, S., F.J. Dentener, J. Lelieveld - Simulation of preindustrial atmospheric methane to contrain the global source strength of natural wetlands - Journal of geophysical research 105, 17243-17255 (2000).

Houweling, S., F.J. Dentener, J. Lelieveld, B. Walter, E. Duglokencky - The modeling of tropospheric methane: How well can point measurements be reproduced by a global model? - Journal of geophysical research 105 (D7) 8981-9002 (2000).

Kanakidou, M., K.Tsigaridis, F.J. Dentener, P.J. Crutzen - Human-activity-enhanced formation of organic aerosols by biogenic hydrocarbon oxidation - Journal of geophysical research 105, 9243-9254 (2000).

Karlöf, L., J.-G. Winther, E. Isaksson, J. Kohler, J. F. Pinglot, F. Wilhelms, M. Hansson, P. Holmund, M. Nyman, R. Pettersson, M. Stenberg, M.P.A. Thomassen, C. van der Veen, R. S. W. van de Wal - A 1500 year record of accumulation at Amundsenisen western Dronning Maud Land, Antartica, derived from electrical and radioactive measurements on a 120 m ice core - Journal of geophysical research 105 (D10), 12471-12483 (2000).

Kentarchos, A.S., G.-J. Roelofs, J. Lelieveld - Simulation of extratropical synoptic-scale stratosphere-troposphere exchange using a coupled chemistry GCM: sensitivity to horizontal resolution - Journal of the atmospheric sciences 57, 2824 - 2838 (2000).

Kentarchos, A.S., G.-J. Roelofs, J. Lelieveld, E. Cuevas - On the origin of elevated surface ozone concentrations at Izana Observatory, Tenerife during late March 1996 - Geophysical research letters 27, No. 22, 3699 - 3702 (2000).

Krol, M.C., M.J. Molemaker, J. Vilà Guerau de Arellano - Effects of turbulence and heterogeneous emissions on photochemically active species in the convective boundary layer - Journal of geophysical research 105, 6871-6884 (2000).

Lelieveld, J., F.J. Dentener - What controls tropospheric ozone? - Journal of geophysical research 105 (D3), 3531-3551 (2000).

Los, A., P.G. Duynkerke - Microphysical and radiative properties of inhomogeneous stratocumulus; Observations and model simulations - Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 126, 3287-3307 (2000).

Lutjeharms, J.R.E., W.P.M. de Ruijter, H. Ridderinkhof, H. van Aken, C. Veth, P.J. van Leeuwen, S.S. Drijfhout, J.H.F. Jansen, G-J.A. Brummer - MARE and ACSEX: new research programmes on the Agulhas Current systems - South African journal of science 96, 105-110 (2000).

Mackintosh, A.N., A.J. .Dugmore - Modelling holocene glacier fluctuations and climatic change in Iceland - Geo Lines 11, 142-146 (2000).

332 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 10 : Marine and Atmospheric Research Program Leader : Prof. dr ir. H. Dijkstra

Marufu, L., F.J. Dentener, J. Lelieveld, M.O. Andreae, G. Helas - Photo-chemistry of the African troposphere: The influence of biomass-burning emissions - Journal of geophysical research 105 (D11), 14513-14530 (2000).

Molemaker, M.J., H.A.Dijkstra - Stability of a cold core eddy in the presence of convection: hydrostatic versus nonhydrostatic modeling - Journal of physical oceanography 30, 475-494 (2000).

O'Dwyer, J., E. Isaksson, T. Vinje, T. Jauhiainen, J. Moore, V. Pohjola, R. Vaikmäe, R. S. W. van de Wal - Methanesulfonic acid in a Svalbard ice core as an indicator of ocean climate - Geophysical research letters 27, No. 8, 1159-1162 (2000).

Oerlemans, J. - Holocene glacier fluctuations: is the current rate of retreat exceptional? - Annals of glaciology 31, 39-44 (2000).

Oerlemans, J.- Analysis of a 3year meteorological record from the ablation zone of Morteratschgletscher, Switzerland: energy and mass balance - Journal of glaciology 46, No.155, 571-579 (2000).

Oerlemans, J., B.K. Reichert - Relating glacier mass balance to meteorological data by using a seasonal sensitivity characteristic - Journal of glaciology 46, No.152, 1-6 (2000).

Petersen, A.C. - Philosophy of climate science - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 81, 265-271 (2000).

Petersen, A.C. - The impact of chemistry on flux estimates in the convective boundary layer - Journal of the atmospheric sciences 57, No.20, 3398-3405 (2000).

Rasch, P.J., J. Feichter, K. Law, N. Mahowald, J. Penner, C. Benkovitz, C. Genthon, C. Giannakopoulos, P. Kasibhatla, D. Koch, H. Levy, T. Maki, M. Prather, D.L. Roberts, G.-J. Roelofs, D. Stevenson, Z. Stockwell, S. Taguchi, M. Kritz, M. Chipperfield, D. Baldocchi, P. McMurry, L. Barrie, Y. Balkanski, R. Chatfield, E. Kjellstrom, M. Lawrence, H.N. Lee, J. Lelieveld, K.J. Noone, J. Seinfeld, G. Stenchikov, S. Schwartz, C. Walcek, D. Williamson - A comparison of scavenging and deposition processes in global models: results from the WCRP Cambridge Workshop of 1995 - Tellus 52B (4), 1025-1056 (2000).

Roelofs, G.-.J., J. Lelieveld - Tropospheric ozone simulation with a chemistry-general circulation model: Influence of higher hydrocarbon chemistry - Journal of geophysical research 105, (D18), 22697-22712 (2000).

Schmeits, M.J., H.A. Dijkstra - Physics of the 9-month variability in the Gulf Stream Region; combining data and dynamical systems analyses - Journal of physical oceanography 30, 1967-1987 (2000).

Schouten, M.W., W.P.M. de Ruijter, P.J. van Leeuwen - Translation, decay and splitting of Agulhas rings in the southeastern Atlantic Ocean - Journal of geophysical research 105, (C9), 21913-21925 (2000).

333 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 10 : Marine and Atmospheric Research Program Leader : Prof. dr ir. H. Dijkstra

Schuttelaars, H.M., H.E. de Swart - Multiple morphodynamic equilibria in tidal embayments - Journal of geophysical research 105, (C10), 24105-24118 (2000).

Sciare, J., N. Mihalopoulos, F.J. Dentener, B.C. Nguyen - Interannual variability of atmospheric dimethylsulphide in the Southern Ocean - Journal of geophysical research 105, 26369-26379 (2000).

Smeets, C.J.P.P., P.G. Duynkerke, H.F. Vugts - Turbulence characteristics of the stable boundary layer over a mid-latitude glacier. Part II: Pure katabic forcing conditions - Boundary layer meteorology 97, 73-107 (2000).

Van de Broek, M.M.P., A. Bregman, J. Lelieveld -Model study of stratospheric chlorine activation and ozone loss during 1996/1997 winter - Journal of geophysical research 105, 28961-28977 (2000).

Van Delden, A.J. - Linear dynamics of hydrostatic adjustment to horizontally homogeneous heating - Tellus 52A, 380-390 (2000).

Van den Berg, A., F. J. Dentener, J. Lelieveld - Modelling the chemistry of the marine boundary layer: Sulfate formation and the role of sea-salt aerosol particles - Journal of geophysical research 105, 11671-11698 (2000).

Van den Broeke, M.R. - On the interpretation of Antarctic temperature trends - Journal of climate 13, 3885-3889 (2000).

Van den Broeke, M.R. - The semi-annual oscillation and Antarctic climate. Part 3: The role of near-surface wind speed and cloudiness - International journal of climatology 20, 117-130 (2000).

Van den Broeke, M.R. - The semi-annual oscillation and Antarctic climate. Part 4: A note on sea ice cover in the Amundsen and Bellingshausen Seas - International journal of climatology 20, 455-462 (2000).

Van den Broeke, M.R. - The semi-annual oscillation and Antarctic climate, part 5: impact on the annual temperature cycle as derived from NCEP/NCAR re-analysis - Climate dynamics 16, 369-377 (2000).

Van der Kemp, W.J.M., C. Alderliesten, K. van der Borg, P. Holmlund, A.F.M. de Jong, L. Karlöf, R.A.N. Lamers, J. Oerlemans, M. Thomassen, R.S.W. van de Wal - Very little in situ produced C14 retained in accumulating Antarctic ice - Nuclear instruments and methods in physics research 172 (B), 632-636 (2000).

Van der Molen, J., B. van Dijck - The evolution of the Dutch and Belgian coasts and the role of sand supply from the North Sea - Global and planetary change 27, 223-244 (2000).

334 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 10 : Marine and Atmospheric Research Program Leader : Prof. dr ir. H. Dijkstra

Van der Vaart, P.C.F., H.A. Dijkstra , F.F. Jin - The Pacific cold tongue and the ENSO mode: a unified theory within the Zebiak-Cane model - Journal of the atmospheric sciences 57, 967-988 (2000).

Van Hees, R.M., J. Lelieveld, - Retrieving cloud top structure from infrared satellite data - Journal of geophysical research 105, 15663-15671 (2000).

Van Leeuwen, S.M., H.M. Schuttelaars, H.E. de Swart - Tidal and morphological properties of embayments: effects of sediment deposition processes and length variation - Physics and chemistry of the earth (B) 4, 365-368 (2000).

Van Leeuwen, P.J., G. Evensen -An ensemble kalman smoother for nonlinear dynamics - Monthly weather review 128, No.6, 1852-1867 (2000).

Van Leeuwen, P.J. , W.P.M. de Ruijter, J.R.E. Lutjeharms - Natal pulses and the formation of Agulhas Rings - Journal of geophysical research 105, 6425-6436 (2000).

Williams, J., H. Fischer, G.W. Harris, P.J. Crutzen, P. Hoor, A. Hansel, R. Holzinger, C. Warneke, W. Lindinger, H.A. Scheeren, J. Lelieveld - Variability-lifetime relationship for organic trace gases: A novel aid to compound identification and estimation of HO concentrations - Journal of geophysical research 105, 20473-20486 (2000).

Xiao, J., R. Bintanja, S.J. Dery, G.W. Mann, P.A. Taylor - An inercomparison among four models of blowing snow - Boundary layer meteorology 97, 109-135 (2000).

Zachariasse, M., P.F.J. van Velthoven, H.G.J Smit, J. Lelieveld, T.K. Mandal, H. Kelder - Influence of stratosphere-troposphere exchange on tropospheric ozone over the tropical Indian Ocean during the winter monsoon. - Journal of geophysical research 105 (D12), 15403-15416 (2000).

2000 (other publications) Blaas, M., F.P.A. Lam, T. Gerkema, H.E.de Swart, - On slope currents forced by density gradients and tidal rectification - Interactions between Estuaries, Coastal Seas and Shelf Seas, (Ed. T. Yanagi) Terra Scientific Publ (Tokyo), 233-250 (2000).

De Wolde J. - The contribution from thermal expansion to sea level changes - In: Smith, D., S.B. Raper, S. Zerbini and A. Sanchez-Arcilla [ed.], Sea level change and coastal processes. Implications for Europe, (Office for Official Publications of the European Communities), (2000).

Duynkerke, P.G., P.J. Jonker, A. van Dijk - Testing subgrid parameterizations for LES through experiments - 14th Symposium on boundary layer and turbulence, 7-11 august 2000, Aspen, CO, USA.

Dijkstra, H.A., - Nonlinear physical oceanography, a dynamical systems approach to the large scale ocean circulation and El Niño - Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, ISBN 0- 7923-6522-4, November 2000, 480 pp.

335 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 10 : Marine and Atmospheric Research Program Leader : Prof. dr ir. H. Dijkstra

Roelofs, G-J., J. Lelieveld - Model analysis of stratosphere-troposphere exchange of ozone and its role in the tropospheric ozone budget - C. Zerefos et al.(eds.) Chemistry and radiation changes in the ozone layer, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands, 25-43 (2000).

Schuttelaars, H.M. - One-dimensional long-term equilibria of tidel embayments - In: Yanagi, T. [ed.], Interactions between Estuaries, Coastal Seas end Shelf Seas, Terra Scientific Publ., (Tokyo), 125-137 (2000).

Van Delden, A.J.- The synoptic setting of a thundery low and associated prefrontal squall line in Western Europe - Conference on European Tornadoes and Severe Storms, Toulouse, France, 3 februari 2000.

Van der Molen, J. - A 2DH numerical model of tidally induced sand transport in the southern North Sea - Interactions between Estuaries, Coastal Seas and Shelf Seas, (Ed. T. Yanagi) Terra Scientific Publ. (Tokyo), 265-285 (2000).

2001 (refereed) Andreae, M.O., P. Artaxo, H. Fischer, J.P.F. Fortuin, M. Gregoire, P. Hoor, R. Kormann, R. Krejci, L. Lange, J. Lelieveld, K. Longo, W. Peters, M. de Reus, H.A. Scheeren, M.A. Silva Dias, J. Ström, J. Williams - Transport of biomass burning smoke to the upper troposhere by deep convection in the equatorial region - Geophysical research letters 28, 951-954 (2001).

Barrie, L.A., Y. Yi, W.R. Leaitch, U. Lohmann, P. Kasibhatla, G.-J. Roelofs, J. Wilson, F. McGovern, C. Benkovitz, M.A. Meliere, K. Law, J. Prospero, M. Kritz, D. Bergmann, C. Bridgeman, M. Chin, J. Christensen, R. Easter, J. Feichter, C. Land, A. Jeuken, E. Kjellstrom, D. Koch, P. Rasch - A comparison of large-scale atmospheric sulphate aerosol models (COSAM): overview and highlights - Tellus 53B, 615-645 (2001).

Bintanja, R. - Modelling snowdrift sublimation and its effect on the moisture budget of the atmospheric boundary layer - Tellus 53A, 215-232 (2001).

Bintanja, R. - Characteristics of snowdrift over a bare ice surface in Antarctica - Journal of geophysical research 106 (D9), 9653-9659 (2001).

Bintanja, R. - Boyancy effects induced by drifting snow particles - Annals of glaciology 32, 147-152 (2001).

Bintanja, R., H. Lilienthal, H. Tüg - Observations of snowdrift over Antarctic snow and blue- ice surfaces - Annals of glaciology 32, 168-174 (2001).

Bintanja, R., C.H. Reijmer - Meteorological conditions over Antarctic blue-ice areas and their influence on the local surface mass balance - Journal of glaciology 47 (156), 37-50 (2001).

336 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 10 : Marine and Atmospheric Research Program Leader : Prof. dr ir. H. Dijkstra

Bintanja, R. - Modification of the wind speed profile caused by snowdrift: results from observations - Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 127, 2417-2434 (2001).

Bintanja, R. - Snowdrift sublimation in a katabatic wind region of the Antarctic ice sheet - Journal of applied meteorology 40, 1952-1966 (2001). Bintanja, R., C.H. Reijmer, S.J.M.H. Hulscher - Detailed observations of the rippled surface of Antarctic blue-ice areas - Journal of glaciology 47 (158), 387-396 (2001).

Bintanja, R., C.H. Reijmer - A simple parameterization for snowdrift sublimation over Antarctic snow surfaces - Journal of geophysical research 106 (D23), 31739-31748 (2001).

Blaas, M., D. Kerkhoven, H.E. de Swart - Large-scale circulation and flushing characteristics of the North Sea under various climate forcings - Climate research 18, 47-54 (2001).

Bregman, A., M.C. Krol, J. Lelieveld, W.A. Norton, A.Iwi, H. Teyssedre, M. Chipperfield, G. Pitari, J.K. Sundet - Chemistry-transport model comparison with ozone observations in the midlatitude lowermost stratosphere - Journal of geophysical research 106, 17479-17496 (2001).

Busch, G., G. Lammel, F.O. Beese, F.J. Dentener, J. Feichter, G.-J. Roelofs - Forest ecosystems and the patterns of nitrogen input and acid deposition today and projected into the future based on a scenario - Environmental science and pollution research 8, 95-102 (2001).

Calvete, D., M. Walgreen, H.E.de Swart, A. Falqués. - A model for sand ridges on the shelf: effect of tidal and steady currents - Journal of geophysical research 106 (C5), 9311-9325 (2001). . Calvete, D., A. Falqués, H.E. de Swart, M. Walgreen - Modelling the formation of shoreface- connected sand ridges on storm-dominated inner shelves - Journal of fluid mechanics 441, 169-193 (2001).

Crutzen, J., J. Lelieveld - Human impacts on atmospheric chemistry - Annual review earth and planetary sciences 29, 17-45 (2001).

Curtius, J. B. Sierau, F. Arnold, M. de Reus, J. Ström, H.A. Scheeren, J. Lelieveld - Measurements of aerosol sulfuric acid (II): Pronounced layering in the free troposphere during ACE 2 - Journal of geophysical research 106, 31975-31990 (2001).

De Gouw, J.A., C. Warneke, H.A. Scheeren, C. van der Veen, M. Bolder, M.P. Scheele, J. Williams, S. Wong, L. Lange, H. Fischer, J. Lelieveld - Overview of the trace gas measurements on board the Citation aircraft during the intensive field phase of INDOEX- Journal of geophysical research 106, (D22), 28453-28468 (2001).

337 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 10 : Marine and Atmospheric Research Program Leader : Prof. dr ir. H. Dijkstra

De Laat, A. T. J., J. Lelieveld, G.-J. Roelofs, R.R. Dickerson, J.M. Lobert - Source analysis of carbon monoxide pollution during INDOEX 1999 - Journal of geophysical research 106 (D22) , 28481-28495 (2001).

De Laat, A.T.J., J.A. de Gouw, J. Lelieveld, A. Hansel - Model analysis of trace gas measurements and pollution impact during INDOEX - Journal of geophysical research 106 (D22), 28469-28480 (2001).

De Roode, S.R., P.G. Duynkerke, W. Boot, J.C.H. van der Hage - Surface and tethered- balloon observations of actinic flux: effects of arctic stratus, surface albedo and solar zenith angle - Journal of geophysical research 106, 27497-27507 (2001).

De Winter-Sorkina, R. - Impact of ozone layer depletion I: ozone depletion climatology - Atmospheric environment 35, 1609-1614 (2001).

De Winter-Sorkina, R. - Impact of ozone layer depletion II: changes in photo-dissociation rates and tropospheric composition - Atmospheric environment 35, 1615-1625 (2001).

Duynkerke, P.G., J. Teixeira - Comparison of the ECMWF Reanalysis with FIRE I Observations: Diurnal Variation of Marine Stratocumulus - Journal of climate 14, 1466-1478 (2001).

Duynkerke, P.G., S.R. de Roode - Surface energy balance and turbulence characteristics observed at the SHEBA Ice Camp during FIRE III - Journal of geophysical research 106 (D4), 15313-15322 (2001).

Dijkstra, H.A., W.P.M. de Ruijter - Barotropic instabilities of the Agulhas Current system and their relation to ring formation - Journal of marine research 59, 517-533 (2001).

Dijkstra, H.A., H. Öksüzoglu, F.W. Wubs, E.F.F. Botta - A fully implicit model of the three- dimensional thermohaline ocean circulation - Journal of computational physics 173, 685- 715, (2001).

Dijkstra, H.A., W.P.M. de Ruijter - On the physics of the Agulhas Current: steady retroflection regimes - Journal of physical oceanography 31, 2971-2985 (2001).

Fischer, H., P. Hoor, J. Lelieveld - Seasonal variation of extratropical cross-tropopause transport inferred from chemical tracer measurements - SPARC Newsletter 17, 18-22 (2001).

Formenti, P., M.O. Andreae, T.W. Andreae, C. Ichoku, G. Schebeske, A.J. Kettle, W. Maenhout, J. Cafmeyer, J. Ptasinsky, A. Karnieli, J. Lelieveld - Physical and chemical characteristics of aerosols over the Negev Desert (Israel) during summer 1996 - Journal of geophysical research 106, 4871-4890 (2001).

Formenti, P., M.O. Andreae, T.W. Andreae, E. Galani, A. Vasaras, C. Zerefos, V. Amiridis, L. Orlovsky, A. Karnieli, M. Wendisch, H. Wex, B.N. Holben, W. Maenhaut, J. Lelieveld - Aerosol optical properties and large-scale transport of air masses: observations at a coastal

338 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 10 : Marine and Atmospheric Research Program Leader : Prof. dr ir. H. Dijkstra and semiarid site in the meastern Mediterranean during summer 1998 - Journal of geophysical research 106, 9807-9826 (2001).

Formenti, P., M.O. Andreae, L. Lange, G. Roberts, J. Cafmeyer, I. Rajta, W. Maenhaut, B.N. Holben, P. Artaxo, J. Lelieveld - Saharan dust in Brazil and Suriname during the Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA) - Cooperative LBA Regional Experiment (CLAIRE) in March 1998 - Journal of geophysical research 106, 14919-14934 (2001).

Goosse, H., F.M. Selten, R.J. Haarsma, J.D. Opsteegh - Decadal variability in high northern latitudes as simulated by an intermediate complexity climate model - Annals of glaciology 33, 525-532 (2001).

Greuell, W., C.J.J.P.Smeets - Variations with elevation in the surface energy balance on the Pasterze (Austria) - Journal of geophysical research 106 (D23), 31717-31727 (2001).

Greuell, W., B. Denby, R.S.W. van de Wal, J. Oerlemans - Ten years of mass-balance measurements along a transect near Kangerlussuaq, central West Greenland - Journal of glaciology 47 (156), 157-158 (2001).

Grisogono, B., J. Oerlemans - A theory for the estimation of surface fluxes in simple katabatic flows - Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 127, 2725-2739 (2001).

Grisogono, B., J. Oerlemans - Katabatic flow: analytic solution for gradually varying eddy diffusivities - Journal of the atmospheric sciences 58, 3349-3354 (2001).

Haarsma, R.J., J.D. Opsteegh, F.M. Selten, X. Wang - Rapid transitions and ultra-low frequency behaviour in a 40kyr integration with a coupled climate model of intermediate complexity - Climate dynamics 17, 559-570 (2001).

Isaksson, E., V. Phojala, T. Jauhiainen, J. Moore, J.F. Pinglot, R. Vailkmae, R.S.W. van de Wal, J.O. Hagen, J. Ivask, L.Karlöf, T. Martman, H.A.J. Meijer, R. Mulvaney, M. Thomassen - A new ice-core record from Lomonosovfonna, Svalbard: viewing the 1920-97 data in relation to present climate and environmental conditions - Journal of glaciology 47 (157) 335-345 (2001).

Jiang, H., G. Feingold, W.R. Cotton, P.G. Duynkerke - Large-eddy simulations of entrainment of cloud condensation nuclei into the Arctic boundary layer: May 18, 1998, FIRE/SHEBA case study - Journal of geophysical research 106, (D14) 15113-15122 (2001).

Katsman, C.A., S.S. Drijfhout, H.A. Dijkstra - The interaction of a deep western boundary current and the wind-driven gyres as a cause for low-frequency variability - Journal of physical oceanography 31, 2321-2339 (2001).

Kentarchos, A. S., G.-J. Roelofs, J. Lelieveld - Altitude distribution of tropospheric ozone over the Northern Hemisphere during 1996, simulated with a chemistry-general circulation

339 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 10 : Marine and Atmospheric Research Program Leader : Prof. dr ir. H. Dijkstra model at two different horizontal resolutions - Journal of geophysical research 106 (D15), 17453-17470 (2001).

Klok, E.J., K. Jasper, K.P. Roelofsma, J. Gurtz, A.Badoux - Distributed hydrological modelling of a heavily glaciated Alpine river basin - Hydrological sciences 46, 553-570 (2001).

Krol, M.C., P.J. van Leeuwen, J. Lelieveld - Reply to the comment on "Global OH trend inferred from methylchloroform measurements" by R. Prinn and J. Huang - Journal of geophysical research 106, 23159-23164 (2001).

Lange, L., P. Hoor, G. Helas, H. Fischer, D. Brunner, H.A. Scheeren, J. Williams, S. Wong, K.H. Wohlfrom, F. Arnold, J. Ström, M. de Reus, M.O. Andreae, J. Lelieveld - Detection of lightning-produced NO in the midlatitude upper troposphere during STREAM 98 - Journal of geophysical research 106, (D21) 27777-27786 (2001).

Lelieveld, J., P.J. Crutzen, M.O. Andreae, C.A.M. Brenninkmeijer, T. Campos, G.R. Cass, R.R. Dickerson, H. Fischer, R. Gabriel, J.A. de Gouw, A. Hansel, A. Jefferson, D. Kley, A.T.J. de Laat, S. Lal, M.G. Lawrence, J.M. Lobert, O. Mayol-Bracero, A.P. Mitra, T. Novakov, S.J. Oltmans, K.A. Prather, V. Ramanathan, T. Beiner, H. Rohde, H.A. Scheeren, P. Sheridan, D. Sikka, J. Williams - The Indian Ocean Experiment: Widespread air pollution from South and South-East Asia - Science 291, 1031-1036 (2001).

Lohmann, U., R. Leaitch, L. Barrie, K. Law, Y. Yi, D. Bergman, C. Bridgeman, M. Chin, J. Christensen, R. Easter, J. Feichter, A. Jeuken, E. Kjellstrom, D. Koch, C. Land, P. Rasch, G.- J. Roelofs - Vertical distributions of sulfur species simulated by large scale atmospheric models in COSAM: Comparison with observations - Tellus 53B (5), 646-672 (2001).

Los, A., P.G. Duynkerke - Parametrization of solar radiation in inhomogeneous stratocumulus: Albedo bias - Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 127, 1593-1614 (2001).

Lutjeharms, J.R.E., O. Boebel, P.C.F. van der Vaart, W.P.M. de Ruijter, T. Rossby, H.L. Bryden - Evidence that the Natal Pulse involves the Agulhas Current to its full depth - Geophysical research letters, 28 (18), 3449-3452 (2001).

Nauw, J.J., H.A. Dijkstra. - The origin of low-frequency variability of double-gyre wind- driven flows - Journal of marine research 59, 567-597 (2001).

Oost, W.A., G.J. Komen, C.M.J. Jacobs, C. van Oort, H. Bonekamp - Indications for a wave dependent Charnock parameter from measurements during ASGAMAGE - Geophysical research letters 28, 2795 (2001).

Peters, W., M.C. Krol, F.J. Dentener, A. Thompson, J. Lelieveld, - Chemistry-transport modeling of the satellite observed distribution of tropical tropospheric ozone - Atmospheric chemistry & physics discussions 1, 337-378 (2001).

340 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 10 : Marine and Atmospheric Research Program Leader : Prof. dr ir. H. Dijkstra

Peters, W., M.C. Krol, F.J. Dentener, J. Lelieveld - Identification of an El Niño - Southern Oscillation signal in a multiyear global simulation of tropospheric ozone - Journal of geophysical research 106, 10389-10402 (2001).

Pöschl, U., J. Williams, P. Hoor, H. Fischer, P.J. Crutzen, C. Warneke, R. Holzinger, A. Hansel, A. Jordan, W. Sindinger, H.A. Scheeren, W. Peters, J. Lelieveld - High acetone concentrations throughout the troposphere over the tropical rainforest in Surinam - Journal of atmospheric chemistry 38(2), 115-132 (2001).

Ramanathan, V., P.J. Crutzen, J. Lelieveld, A.P. Mitra, D. Althause, J. Anderson, M.PO. Andreae, W. Cantrell, C.R. Cass, C.E. Chung, A.D. Clarke, J.A. Coakley, W.D. Collins, W.C. Conant, F. Dulac, J. Heintzenberg, B. Holben, S. Howell, J. Hudson, A. Jayaraman, J.T. Kiehl, T.N. Krishnamurti, D. Lubin, G. McFarquhar, T. Novakov, J.A. Ogren, I.A. Podgorny, K. Prather, K. Priestley, J.M. Prospero, P.K. Quinn, K. Rajeev, P. Rasch, S. Rupert, R. Sadourny, S.K. Sathees, G.E. Shaw, P. Sheridan, F.P.J. Valero - Indian Ocean Experiment: An integrated analysis of the climate forcing and effects of the great Indo-Asian haze - Journal of geophysical research 106, 28371-28398 (2001).

Reichert, B.K., L. Bengtsson, J. Oerlemans - Midlatitude forcing mechanisms for glacier mass balance investigated using general circulation models - Journal of climate 14, 3767- 3784 (2001).

Reijmer, C.H. - Surface albedo measurements over snow and blue ice in thematic mapper bands 2 and 4 in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica - Journal of geophysical research 106 (D9), 9661-9672 (2001).

Reijmer, C.H., M.R. van den Broeke - Moisture sources of precipitation in Western Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica - Antarctic science 13 (2), 210-220 (2001).

Ridderinkhof, H., J.R.E. Lutjeharms, W.P.M. de Ruijter - A research cruise to investigate the Mozambique Current - South African journal of science 97, 461-464 (2001).

Rinne, H.J.I., A.B. Guenther, C. Warneke, J.A. de Gouw, S.L. Luxembourg - Disjunct eddy covariance technique for trace gas flux measurements - Geophysical research letters 28, 3139-3142 (2001).

Roelofs, G.-J., P. Kasibhatla, L. Barrie, D. Bergman, C. Bridgeman, M. Chin, J. Christensen, R. Easter, J. Feichter, A. Jeuken, E. Kjellstrom, D. Koch, C.Land, U. Lohmann, P. Rasch - Analysis of regional budgets of sulfur species modelled for the COSAM exercise - Tellus 53B, 673-694 (2001).

Schaap, M., H.M. tenBrink, P.J.H. Builtjes, F.J. Dentener, M. van Loon - European nitrate and sulfate distribution as calculated with the LOTOS-model - Journal of aerosol science 32, S289 (2001).

Schaap, M., K. Muller, H.M. tenBrink - European nitrate distribution as deduced from quality assured measurements - Journal of aerosol science 32, S671 (2001).

341 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 10 : Marine and Atmospheric Research Program Leader : Prof. dr ir. H. Dijkstra

Schmeits, M.J., H.A. Dijkstra - Bimodal behavior of the Kuroshio and the Gulf Stream - Journal of physical oceanography 31, 3435-3456 (2001).

Stevens, B., A.S. Ackerman, B.A. Albrecht, A.R. Brown, A. Chlond, J. Cuxart, P.G. Duynkerke, D.C. Lewellen, M.K. Macvean, R.A.J. Neggers, E. Sanchez, A.P. Siebesma, D.E. Stevens - Simulations of trade wind cumuli under a strong inversion - Journal of the atmospheric sciences 58, 1870-1891 (2001).

Van Aardenne, J.A., F.J. Dentener, C.G.M. Klein Goldewijk, J.G.J. Olivier, J. Lelieveld, - A 10x10 resolution dataset of historical anthropogenic trace gas emissions for the period 1890- 1990 - Global biogeochemical cycles 15, 909-928 (2001).

Van Delden, A.J. - The synoptic setting of thunderstorms in western Europe - Atmospheric research 56, 89-110 (2001).

Van der Borg, K., W.J.M. Kemp, C. Alderliesten, A.F.M. de Jong, R.A.N. Lamers, J. Oerlemans, M. Thomassen, R.S.W. van de Wal - In-situ radiocarbon production by neutrons and muons in an Antarctic blue ice field at Scharffenbergbotnen: A status report - Radiocarbon 43 (2b), 751-757 (2001).

Van der Hage, J.C.H., H. van Dop, A. Los, W. Boot, D. van As - A multiple direction radiation sensor, DIRAM - Journal of atmospheric and oceanic technology 18, 2013-2020 (2001).

Van der Molen, J., H.E.de Swart - Holocene tidal conditions and tide-induced sand transport in the southern North Sea - Journal of geophysical research 106 (C5), 9339-9362 (2001).

Van der Molen, J., H.E. de Swart - Holocene wave conditions and wave-induced sand transport in the southern North Sea - Continental shelf research 21, 1723-1749 (2001).

Van der Vaart, P.C.F., W.P.M. de Ruijter, - Stability of western boundary currents with an application to pulselike behavior of the Agulhas Current - Journal of physical oceanography 31, 2625-2644 (2001).

Van de Wal, R.S.W., M. Wild, J. de Wolde - Short-term volume changes of the Greenland ice sheet in response to doubled CO2 conditions - Tellus 53B, 95-102 (2001).

Van de Wal, R.S.W., M. Wild - Modelling the response of glaciers to climate change, applying volume-area scaling in combination with a high resolution GCM - Climate dynamics 18, 359-366 (2001).

Van Dop, H. - The evaluation of a Lagrangian model for turbulent transport and chemistry - Physics of fluids 13 (5), 1331-1342 (2001).

Van Dop, H., G. Verver - Countergradient transport revisited - Journal of the atmospheric sciences 58, 2240-2247 (2001).

342 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 10 : Marine and Atmospheric Research Program Leader : Prof. dr ir. H. Dijkstra

Van Leeuwen, P.J. - An ensemble smoother with error estimates - Monthly weather review 129, 709-728 (2001).

Van Leeuwen, S.M., H.E. de Swart - The effect of advective processes on the morphodynamic stability of short tidal embayments - Physics and chemistry of the earth (B) 26 (9), 735-740 (2001).

Van Veen, L., J.D. Opsteegh, F. Verhulst - The dynamics of a low order coupled ocean- atmosphere model - Tellus 53A, 616-628 (2001).

Warneke, C., J.A. de Gouw - Organic trace gas composition of the marine boundary layer over the northwest Indian Ocean in April 2000 - Atmospheric environment 35, 5923-5933 (2001).

Warneke, C., R. Holzinger, A. Hansel, A. Jordan, W. Lindinger, U. Pöschl, J. Williams, P. Hoor, H. Fischer, P.J. Crutzen, H.A. Scheeren, J. Lelieveld - Isoprene and its oxidation products methyl vinyl ketone, methacrolein and isoprene related peroxides measured online over the tropical rain forest of Surinam in March 1998 - Journal of atmospheric chemistry 38, 167-185 (2001).

Warneke, C., C. van der Veen, S.L. Luxembourg, J.A. de Gouw, A. Kok, - Measurements of benzene and toluene in ambient air using proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry: calibration, humidity dependence and field inter-comparison - International journal of mass spectrometry 207, 167-182 (2001).

Weijer, W., H.A. Dijkstra - A bifurcation study of the three-dimensional thermohaline ocean circulation: the double hemispheric case - Journal of marine research 59, 599-631 (2001).

Weijer, W., W.P.M. de Ruijter, H.A. Dijkstra - Stability of the atlantic overturning circulation: competition between Bering Strait freshwater flux and Agulhas heat and salt sources - Journal of physical oceanography 31, 2385-2402 (2001).

Williams, J., U. Pöschl, P.J. Crutzen, A. Hansel, R. Holzinger, C. Warneke, W. Lindinger, J. Lelieveld - An atmospheric chemistry interpretation of mass scans obtained from a proton transfer mass spectrometer flown over the tropical rainforest of Surinam - Journal of atmospheric chemistry 38, 133-166 (2001).

Williams, J., H. Fischer, P. Hoor, U. Pöschl, P.J. Crutzen, M.O. Andreae, J. Lelieveld - Influence of the tropical rain forest on atmospheric CO and CO2 as measured by aircraft over Surinam, South America - Chemosphere - Global Change Science 3, 157-170 (2001).

2001 (other publications) Bregman, A. - Chemical processes - European Research in the Stratosphere 1996-2000, 4, Report no. EUR19867 (2001).

343 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 10 : Marine and Atmospheric Research Program Leader : Prof. dr ir. H. Dijkstra

Bregman, A., P.-H. Wang, J. Lelieveld - Chemical ozone loss in the tropopause region on subvisible ice clouds, calculated with a chemistry transport model - Air Pollution Research Report 74, in: Proceedings of the European workshop on Aviation, Aerosols, Contrails and Cirrus clouds (A2C3) (Ed: U. Schumann and G.T. Amanatidis), 49-52 (2001).

Krol, M.C., W. Peters, P. Berkvens, M. Botchev - A new algorithm for two-way nesting in global models: principles and applications, in proceeding of the 2001 APMS conference held in Paris (2001).

Oerlemans, J. - Glacier and Climate Change - A.A. Balkema Publishers, 148 pp. ISBN 9026518137 (no. 115) (2001).

Schuttelaars, H.M., H.E. de Swart, G.P. Schramkowsi - Initial formation of estuarine sections - 2nd IAHR - Symposium on River Coastal and Estuarine Morphodynamics (Ikeda, S., ed) Hokkaida University, 443-452 (2001).

Van Leeuwen, S.M., H.E. de Swart, M. van der Vegt - Tidal characteristics and outer delta morphology: numerical experiments - In: Ikeda, S. (ed.), Proc. RCEM 2001 Conference Obihiro, Hokkaido Univ. Press, Japan, pp. 473-482 (2001).

2002 (refereed) Bintanja, R. – A new power-law relation for the vertical distribution of suspended matter – Boundary-layer meteorology 104, 305–317 (2002).

Bintanja R, R.S.W van de Wal, J. Oerlemans - Global ice volume variations through the last glacial cycle simulated by a 3-D ice-dynamical model - Quaternary international 95-96, 11- 23 (2002).

Blaas, M., H.E. de Swart - Vertical structure of tide-and density-driven circulation near the continental slope: an idealized model - Continental shelf research 22, 2687-2706 (2002).

Bonekamp, H., G.J. Komen, A. Sterl, P.A.E.M. Janssen, P.K. Taylor, M.J. Yelland - Statistical comparisons of observed and ECMWF modelled open ocean surface drag - Journal of physical oceanography 32, 1010-1027 (2002).

Bregman, A., P.-H. Wang, J. Lelieveld - Chemical ozone loss in the tropopause region on subvisible ice clouds, calculated with a chemistry-transport model - Journal of geophysical research 107 (D3), 10.1029/2001JD000761 (2002).

Bregman, A., et al. - Correction to "Chemistry-transport model comparison with ozone observations in the midlatitude lowermost stratosphere" - Journal of geophysical research 107 (D8), 10.1029/2001JD001370 (2002).

Bregman, A., A. Segers, M. Krol, E. Meijer, P. van Velthoven - On the use of mass- conserving wind fields in chemistry-transport models - Atmospheric & chemical physics discussions 2, 1765-1790 (2002).

344 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 10 : Marine and Atmospheric Research Program Leader : Prof. dr ir. H. Dijkstra

Brown, A.R., R.T. Cederwall, A. Chlond, P.G. Duynkerke, J.C. Golaz, M. Khairoutdinov, D.C. Lewellen, A.P. Lock, M.K. MacVean, C.H. Moeng, R.A.J. Neggers, A.P. Siebesma, B. Stevens - Large-eddy simulation of the diurnal cycle of shallow cumulus convection overland - Quarterly journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 128 (582), 1075-1093 (Part B) (2002).

Burgers, G., M. A. Balmaseda, F.C. Vossepoel, G.J. van Oldenborgh, P.J. van Leeuwen - Balanced ocean-data assimilation near the Equator - Journal of physical oceanography 32, 2509-2519 (2000).

Calvete, D., H.E. de Swart, A. Falqués - Effect of depth-dependent stirring on the final amplitude of shoreface-connected sand ridges - Continental shelf research 22, 2763-2776 (2002).

De Kloe, J., A. van der Steen, H. Öksüzoglu, H.A. Dijkstra - A fully implicit parallel ocean model using MUMPS - Journal of supercomputing 23, 167-183 (2002).

Denby, B., W. Greuell, J. Oerlemans – Simulating the Greenland atmospheric boundary layer. Part I: Model description and validation – Tellus 54, 512-528 (2002).

Denby, B., W. Greuell, J. Oerlemans – Simulating the Greenland atmospheric boundary layer. Part II: Energy balance and climate sensitivity – Tellus 54, 529-541 (2002).

Dentener, F.J., M. van Weele, M.C. Krol, S. Houweling, P. van Velthoven - Trends and inter-annual variability of methane emissions derived from 1979-1993 global CTM simulations - Atmospheric & chemical physics discussions 2, 249-287 (2002).

De Ruijter, W.P.M., H. Ridderinkhof, J.R.E. Lutjeharms, M. Schouten C.W. Veth - Observations of the flow in the Mozambique Channel - Geophysical research letters 29, (10), 10.1029/2001GL013714 (2002).

De Ruijter de Wildt, M.S., J. Oerlemans, H Björnsson- A method for monitoring glacier mass balance using satellite albedo measurements: application to Vatnajökull, Iceland- Journal of glaciology 48 (161), 267-278 (2002).

Dijkstra, H.A., G. Burgers - Fluid dynamics of El Niño variability - Annal review of fluid mechanics 34, 531-558 (2002).

Fischer, H., D. Brunner, G.W. Harris, P. Hoor, J. Lelieveld, D.S. McKenna, J. Rudolph, H.A. Scheeren, P. Siegmund, H. Wernli, J. Williams, and S. Wong - Synoptic tracer gradients in the upper troposphere over central Canada during the Stratosphere-Troposphere Experiments by Aircraft Measurements 1998 summer campaign – Journal of geophysical research 107(D8), 10.1029/2000JD000312 (2002).

Ganzeveld, L.N., J. Lelieveld, F.J. Dentener, M.C. Krol, A.J. Bouwman, G.-J. Roelofs - Global soil-biogenic Nox emissions and the role of canopy processes - Journal of geophysical research, 10.1029/2001JD001289 (2002).

345 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 10 : Marine and Atmospheric Research Program Leader : Prof. dr ir. H. Dijkstra

Ganzeveld, L.N., J. Lelieveld, F.J. Dentener, M.C. Krol, G.-J. Roelofs - Atmosphere- biosphere trace gas exchanges simulated with a single-column model - Journal of geophysical research, 10.1029/ 2001JD000684 (2002).

Goosse, H., F.M. Selten, R.J. Haarsma, J.D. Opsteegh - A mechanism of decadal variability of the sea-ice volume in the northern hemisphere - Climate dynamics 19, 61-83 (2002).

Goosse, H., H. Renssen, F.M. Selten, R.J. Haarsma, J.D. Opsteegh - Potential causes of abrupt climate events: A numerical study with a three dimensional climate model - Geophysical research letters 29, (18) (2002).

Greuell, W., C.H. Reijmer, J. Oerlemans - Narrowband-to-broadband albedo conversion for glacier ice and snow based on aircraft and near-surface measurements - Remote sensing of environment 82 (1), 48-64 (2002).

Grisogono, B., J. Oerlemans - Justifying the WKB approximation in pure katabatic flows - Tellus 54A, 453-463 (2002).

Kentarchos, A.S., G.-J. Roelofs - Impact of aircraft NOx emissions on tropospheric ozone calculated with a chemistry-general circulation model: Sensitivity to higher hydrocarbon chemistry - Journal of geophysical research 107 (D13), 10.1029/2001JD000828 (2002).

Kooijman, S.A.L.M., H.A. Dijkstra, B.W. Kooi - Light-induced mass turnover in a mono- species community of mixotrophs - Journal of theoretical biology 214, 233-254 (2002).

Lelieveld, J., W. Peters, F.J. Dentener, M.C. Krol - Stability of tropospheric hydroxyl chemistry - Journal of geophysical research, 107 (D23), 4715, doi10.1029/2002JD002272 (2002).

Lelieveld, J., H. Berresheim, S. Bormann, P. J. Crutzen, F. J. Dentener, H. Fischer, J. Feichter, P. J. Flatau, J. Heland, R. Holzinger, R. Kormann, M. G. Lawrence, Z. Levin, K. M. Markowicz, N. Mihalopoulos, A. Minikin, V. Ramanathan, M. de Reus, G.-J. Roelofs, H.A Scheeren, J. Scaire, H. Schlager, M. Schultz, P. Siegmund, B. Steil, E. G. Stephanou, P. Stier, M. Traub, C. Warneke, J. Williams, H. Ziereis - Global air pollution crossroads over the Mediterranean – Science 298, 794 – 799 (2002).

Mackintosh, A.N., A.J. Dugmore, A.L. Hubbard - Holocene climatic changes in Iceland: evidence from modelling glacier length fluctuations at Sólheimajökull - Quaternary international 91, 39-52 (2002).

Metzger, S., F.J. Dentener, M.C. Krol, A. Jeuken, J. Lelieveld - Gas/aerosol partitioning 2: global modeling results - Journal of geophysical research 107 (D16), 10.1029/2001JD001103 (2002).

Oerlemans, J. - Global dynamics of the Antarctic ice sheet - Climate dynamics 19, 85-93 (2002).

346 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 10 : Marine and Atmospheric Research Program Leader : Prof. dr ir. H. Dijkstra

Oerlemans J. - On glacial inception and orography - Quaternary international 95-96, 5-10 (2002).

Oerlemans, J., B Grisogono - Glacier wind and parameterisation of the related surface heat flux - Tellus 54A, 440-452 (2002).

Oerlemans, J., E.J Klok - Energy balance of a glacier surface: analysis of Automatic Weather Station data from the Morteratschgletscher, Switzerland - Arctic, Antarctic and alpine research 34, 115-123 (2002).

Oost, W.A., G.J. Komen, C.M.J. Jacobs, C. van Oort - New evidence for a relation between wind stress and wave age from measurements during ASGAMAGE – Boundary-layer meteorology 103, 409-438 (2002).

Peters, W., M.C. Krol, F.J. Dentener, A.M. Thompson, J. Lelieveld - Chemistry-transport modeling of the satellite observed distribution of tropical tropospheric ozone - Atmospheric chemistry and physics 2, 103-120 (2002).

Pohjola, V.A., J.C.Moore, E.Isaksson, T.Jauhiainen, R.S.W.van de Wal, T.Martma, H.A.J.Meijer, R.Vaikmäe - Effect of periodic melting on geochemical and isotopic signals in an ice core from Lomonosovfonna, Svalbard - Journal of geophysical research 107 (D4), 10.1029/2000JD000149 (2002).

Reichert, B.K., L. Bengtsson, J. Oerlemans - Recent glacier retreat exceeds internal variability - Journal of climate 15, 3069-3081 (2002).

Reijmer, C.H., M.R. van den Broeke, M.P. Scheele - Air parcel trajectories and snowfall related to five deep drilling locations in Antarctica based on the ERA-15 dataset - Journal of climate 15, 1957-1968 (2002).

Rittemard, N., T. Zwagers, H.A. Dijkstra, -.Was there a wind-driven Tethys Circumglobal Current in the Late Cretaceous?- Earth and planetary science letters 203, 741-753 (2002).

Schaap, M., K. Müller, H.M. ten Brink - Constructing the European aerosol nitrate concentration field from quality analysed data - Atmospheric environment 36, 1323-1335 (2002).

Schaeffer, M., F.M. Selten, J.D. Opsteegh, H. Goosse - Intrinsic limits to predictability of abrupt regional climate change in IPCC SRES scenarios - Geophysical research letters 29 (16) (2002).

Scheeren, H.A., J. Lelieveld, J.A. de Gouw, C. van der Veen, H. Fischer - Methyl chloride and other halocarbons in polluted air during INDOEX - Journal of geophysical research 107 (D19), 10.1029/2001JD001121 (2002).

347 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 10 : Marine and Atmospheric Research Program Leader : Prof. dr ir. H. Dijkstra

Schmeits, M. J., H.A. Dijkstra - Subannual variability of the ocean circulation in the Kuroshio region - Journal of geophysical research (Oceans) 10.1029/2001JC001073 (2002).

Schouten, M. W., W.P.M. de Ruijter, P.J. van Leeuwen, H.A. Dijkstra - An oceanic teleconnection between the equatorial and southern Indian Ocean - Geophysical research letters, 10.1029/2001GL014542 (2002).

Schouten, M.W., W.P.M. de Ruijter, P.J. van Leeuwen - Upstream control of Agulhas Ring Shedding - Journal of geophysical research 107 (C8), 10.1029/2001JC000804 (2002).

Schramkowski, G.P., H.M. Schuttelaars, H.E. de Swart - The effect of geometry and bottom friction on local bed forms in a tidal embayment - Continental shelf research 22, 1821-1833 (2002).

Schramkowski, G.P., H.E. de Swart - Morphodynamic equilibrium in straight tidal channels: Combined effects of the Coriolis force and external overtides - Journal of geophysical research 107 (C12), 10.1029/2000JC000693 (2002).

Simonnet, E., H.A. Dijkstra - Spontaneous generation of low-frequency modes of variability in the wind-driven ocean circulation - Journal of physical oceanography 32, 1747-1762 (2002).

Te Raa, L. A., H. A. Dijkstra – Instability of the thermohaline ocean circulation on interdecadal time scales - Journal of physical oceanography 32, 138-160 (2002).

Tuinder, O.N.E., R. de Winter-Sorkina, P.J.H. Builtjes - Impact of satellite derived effective cloud fraction on calculated actinic flux, photo-dissociation rates and OH production - Journal of geophysical research 107 (D19), 4364 doi:10.1029 / 2001JD001491 (2002).

Van Aken, H.M., A.K. van Veldhoven, C. Veth, W.P.M. de Ruijter, P.J. van Leeuwen, S.S. Drijfhout, C.P. Whittle, M. Rouault - Observations of a young Agulhas Ring, Astrid, during MARE, the Mixing of Agulhas Rings Experiment - Deep-Sea research II 50, 167-195 (2002).

Van den Broeke, M.R., N.P.M. van Lipzig, E. van Meijgaard - Momentum budget of the East-Antarctic atmospheric boundary layer: results of a regional climate model – Journal of the atmospheric sciences 59, 3117-3129 (2002).

Van den Broeke, M.R., N.P.M. van Lipzig – Impact of vortex variability on the wintertime low-level climate of East Antarctica: results of a regional climate model, Tellus 54A, 485- 496 (2002).

Van der Avoird, E., H.A. Dijkstra, J.J. Nauw, C.J.E. Schuurmans - Nonlinearly induced low- frequency variability in a midlatitude coupled ocean-atmosphere model of intermediate complexity - Climate dynamics 19, 303-320 (2002).

348 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 10 : Marine and Atmospheric Research Program Leader : Prof. dr ir. H. Dijkstra

Van der Kemp, W.J.M., C. Alderliesten, K. van der Borg, A.F.M. de Jong, R.A.N. Lamers, J. Oerlemans, M. Thomassen, R.S.W. van de Wal - In-situ produced 14C by cosmic ray muons in ablating Antarctic ice - Tellus, 54B, 198-192 (2002).

Van der Molen, J. - The influence of tides, wind and waves on the net sand transport in the North Sea - Continental shelf research 22 (18-19), 2739-2762 (2002).

Van der Vaart P.C.F., H.M. Schuttelaars, D. Calvete, H.A. Dijkstra - Instability of time- dependent wind-driven ocean gyres - Physics of fluids, 14 (10), 3601-3615 (2002).

Van Leeuwen, S.M., H.E. de Swart - Intermediate modelling of tidal inlet systems: spatial asymmeteries in flow and mean sediment transport - Continental shelf research 22, 1795- 1810 (2002).

Van Lipzig, N.P.M., M. R. van den Broeke - A model study on the relation between atmospheric boundary-layer dynamics and poleward atmopsheric moisture transport in Antarctica – Tellus 54A, 497-511 (2002).

Van Lipzig, N.P.M., E van Meijgaard, J. Oerlemans - The spatial and temporal variability of the surface mass balance in Antarctica: results from a regional climate model - International journal of climatology 22, 1197-1217 (2002).

Van Lipzig, N.P.M., E van Meijgaard, J Oerlemans - Temperature sensitivity of the Antarctic surface mass balance in a regional atmospheric climate model - Journal of climate 15 (125), 2758-2774 (2002).

Van Zanten, M.C., P.G. Duynkerke - Radiative and evaporative cooling in the entrainment zone of stratocumulus: The role of longwave radiative cooling above cloud top - Boundary- layer meteorology 102, 253-280 (2002).

Vossepoel, F.C., G. Burgers, P.J. van Leeuwen - Effects of correcting salinity with altimeter measurements in an equatorial Pacific ocean model - Journal of geophysical research 107 (C12), 8001, doi:10.1029/2001JC000816 (2002).

Walgreen, M., D. Calvete, H..E. de Swart - Growth of large-scale bed forms due to storm- driven and tidal currents: a model approach - Continental shelf research 22, 2777-2793 (2002).

Warneke, C., S.L. Luxembourg, J.A. de Gouw, H.J.I. Rinne, A.B. Guenther, R. Fall - Disjunct eddy covariance measurements of oxygenated volatile organic compounds fluxed from an alfalfa field before and after cutting - Journal of geophysical research 107 (D8), 10.1029/2001JD000594 (2002).

Weijer, W., W.P.M. de Ruijter, A. Sterl, S.S. Drijfhout - Response of the Atlantic overturning circulation to South Atlantic sources of buoyancy - Global and planetary change 34, 293-311 (2002).

349 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 10 : Marine and Atmospheric Research Program Leader : Prof. dr ir. H. Dijkstra

Yuzhu You, J.R.E. Lutjeharms, O. Boebel, W.P.M. de Ruijter - Quantification of the interocean exchange of intermediate water masses around southern Africa - Deep-Sea research II 50, 197-228 (2002).

2002 (other publications) Bonekamp, H., A. Sterl, G.J. Komen, G. Burgers, G.J. van Oldenborgh, P.A.E.M. Janssen - An assessment of the ECMWF reanalysis (ERA) air/sea fluxes using Wave and Ocean General Circulation Models. Final Report of NOP project 951207: "The Upper Ocean in Complex Realistic Climate Models." NOP Report no. 410 200 063 (2000).

Bregman, A. - European Research in the Stratosphere 1996-2000, Chapter 4: Chemical processes, Report No. EUR19867, 2001.

Greuell, W., J. Oerlemans, R.S.W. van de Wal, B. Denby - Contribution of the Greenland ice sheet to sea-level rise - Change 61, 14-16 (2002).

Kelfkens, G, A. Bregman, F.R.de Gruijl, J.C. van der Leun, A. Piquet, T. van Oijen, W.W.C. Gieskens, H. van Loveren, G.J.M. Velders, P. Martens, H. Slaper - Ozone layer – Climate change interactions: Influence on UV levels and UV related effects, Dutch National Research Program Report No. 410 200 112, 2002.

Komen, G.J. - Forecasting wind-driven ocean waves. Ocean Forecasting, Conceptual Basis and Applications. Nadia Pinardi and John Wood, (eds). Springer, p. 267-280 (2002).

Solas Scientific Steering Committee (including Komen, G.J.) - Surface Ocean-Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS), Science Plan (2002).

Schaap, M., Acker, K., Spindler, G., Maenhaut, W., Berner, A., Wieprecht, W., Müller, K., Ten Brink, H.M, (2002), Comparability of Aerosol Nitrate Measurements during INTERCOMP2000, Proceedings of the EUROTRAC-2 Symposium 2002, P.M. Midgley and M. Reuther (Eds), Margraf Verlag, Weikersheim, in press.

Schaap, M., M. van Loon, A. Visschedijk, F.J. Dentener, P.J.H. Builtjes - Modelling PM2.5 concentrations over Europe: the role of agriculture, Landbauforschung Völkenrode, Special Issue 235, 49-55 (2002).

Van Delden, A.J.: The role of thermal instability in polar low formation and maintenance. chapter for book Polar lows, edited by E. Rasmussen and J. Turner, Cambridge University Press. Will appear in April 2003.

Van de Wal, R.S.W. - Gletsjers en Klimaat - Hoogtelijn 3, 50-53 (2002).

Van den Broeke, M. R. - Antarctisch Alarm - Meteorologica 11(2), 4-7 (2002).

Van den Broeke, M.R., D. van As, C.H. Reijmer, W. Boot, H. Snellen - A meteorological experiment at Kohnen station, the EPICA deep drilling site in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica – Circumpolar journal 17, 1-16 (2002).

350 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 10 : Marine and Atmospheric Research Program Leader : Prof. dr ir. H. Dijkstra

Weber, S.L., R. Guicherit, H.W. van den Brink, R. van Dorland, H.A. Dijkstra, W. Greuell, G.J. Komen, G. Können, P.J. van Leeuwen, O. van de Plassche, J.D. Opsteegh, W.P.M. de Ruijter, F.M. Selten, A. van Ulden, J. Vandenberghe - Climate Variability. Chapter 5 in: The Climate System. Eds. Berdowski, Guicherit, Heij. Dutch National Research Programme on Global Air Pollution and Climate Change (NRP), 135-173, A.A. Balkema Publishers, Lisse.

2002 (accepted to a refereed journal and not yet published as of 31 December 2002) Achatz, U., J.D. Opsteegh - Primitive equation based low order models with seasonal cycle. I Model construction – accepted for publication in Journal of atmospheric science.

Achatz, U., J.D. Opsteegh - Primitive equation based low order models with seasonal cycle. II Application to complexity and nonlinearity of large scale atmospheric dynamics - accepted for publication in Journal of atmospheric science.

Brink, H.W., G.P. Konnen, J.D. Opsteegh - The reliability of extreme surge levels, estimated from observational records of order hundred years - accepted for publication in Journal of coastal research.

Calvete, D., H.E. de Swart - Analysis of the long-term behaviour of shoreface-connected sand ridges: a nonlinear model study - accepted for publication in Journal of geophysical research (C).

Dodd, N., P. Blondeaux, G. Vittori, D. Calvete, A. Falqués, H.E. de Swart, S.J.M.H. Hulscher, G. Rozynski - Stability methods in theoretical morphodynamics - accepted for publication in Journal for coastal research.

Dijkstra, H.A.,W. Weijer, J.D. Neelin - Imperfections of the three-dimensional thermohaline ocean circulation: Hysteresis and unique state regimes - accepted for publication in Journal of physical oceanography.

Gondwe, M., M.C. Krol, W. Gieskes, W. Klaassen, H. de Baar - The contribution of ocean- derived DMS to the global atmospheric burdens of DMS, MSA, SO2, and NSS SO4= - accepted for publication in Journal of geochemical cycle.

Goosse, H., F.M. Selten, R.J. Haarsma, J.D. Opsteegh - Large sea-ice volume anomalies simulated in a coupled climate model - accepted for publication in Climate dynamics.

Hersbach, H., R. Mureau, J.D. Opsteegh, J. Barkmeijer - Development of a targeted ensemble prediction system - accepted for publication in Qarterly journal of the Royal Meteorological Society.

Katsman, C.A., P.C.F. van der Vaart, H.A. Dijkstra, W.P.M de Ruijter - On the stability of multi-layer ocean vortices: a parameter study including realistic Gulf Stream and Agulhas Rings - accepted for publication in Journal of physical oceanography.

351 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 10 : Marine and Atmospheric Research Program Leader : Prof. dr ir. H. Dijkstra

Kekonen, T., J. Moore, R. Mulvaney, E. Isaksson, V. Pohjola, R.S.W. van de Wal - A 800 year record of nitrate from the Lomonosovfonna ice core, Svalbard - accepted for publication in Annals of glaciology.

Kentarchos, A.S., G.-J. Roelofs - A model study of stratospheric ozone in the troposphere and its contribution to tropospheric OH formation - accepted for publication in Journal of geophysical research.

Klok E.J., J.Oerlemans - Model study of the spatial distribution of the energy and mass balance of Morteratschgletscher, Switzerland - accepted for publication in Journal of glaciology.

Klok E.J., J. Oerlemans J. - Deriving a climate history from a glacier length record by linear inverse modelling - accepted for publication in The Holocene.

Krol, M.C., J. Lelieveld - Can the variability in tropospheric OH be deduced from measurements of 1,1,1-trichloroethane (methyl chloroform)? - accepted for publication in Journal of geophysical research.

Krol, M.C., J. Lelieveld, D.E. Oram, G.A. Sturrock, S.A. Penkett, C.A.M. Brenninkmeijer, V. Gros, J. Williams, H.A. Scheeren - Continuing emissions of methyl chloroform from Europe - accepted for publication in Nature.

Nauw, J.J., H.A. Dijkstra, E. Chassignet - Frictionally induced asymmetries in wind-driven flows - accepted for publication in Journal of physical oceanography.

Omta, A.W., H.A. Dijkstra - A physical mechanism for the Atlantic-Pacific flow reversal in the early Miocene - accepted for publication in Global and planetary change.

Pohjola, V.A, T. Martma, H.A.J Meijer, J.C. Moore, E. Isaksson, R. Vaikmäe, R.S.W. van de Wal - Reconstruction of 300 years annual accumulation rates on the water isotope record from Lomonosovfonna, Svalbard - accepted for publication in Annals of glaciology.

Reijmer, C.H., J. Oerlemans - Temporal and spatial variability of the surface energy balance in Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica - Journal of Geophysical research, 107 (D24), 4759, doi: 10.1029/2000JD000110 (2002)

Ridderinkhof, H., W.P.M. de Ruijter - Moored current observations in the Mozambique Channel - accepted for publication in Deep-Sea research.

Robles González, C., M. Schaap, M., G. de Leeuw, P.J.H. Builtjes, M. van Loon - Spatial variation of aerosol properties derived from satellite observations - accepted for publication in Atmospheric chemistry and physics discussions.

Shetter, R.E., W. Junkermann, W. H. Swartz, G. J. Frost, J. H. Crawford, B. L. Lefer, J. D. Barrick, S. R. Hall, A. Hofzumahaus, A. Bais, J. G. Calvert, C. A. Cantrell, S. Madronich, M. Müller, A. Kraus, P. S. Monks, G. D. Edwards, R. McKenzie, P. Johnston, R. Schmitt, E.

352 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 10 : Marine and Atmospheric Research Program Leader : Prof. dr ir. H. Dijkstra

Griffioen, M.C. Krol, A. Kylling, R. R. Dickerson, S. A. Lloyd, T. Martin, B. Gardiner, B. Mayer, G. Pfister, E. P. Röth, P. Koepke, A. Ruggaber, H. Schwander, M. van Weele - Photolysis Frequency of NO2 - Measurement and Modeling during the International Photolysis Frequency Measurement and Modeling Intercomparison (IPMMI) - accepted for publication in Journal of geophysical research.

Sinisalo, A., J. Moore, R.S.W. van de Wal, R. Bintanja, S. Jonsson - A 14-year mass balance record of a blue ice area in Antarctica - accepted for publication in Annals of glaciology.

Te Raa, L.A., H.A. Dijkstra - Sensitivity of North Atlantic multidecadal variability to freshwater flux forcing - accepted for publication in Journal of climate.

Te Raa, L.A., H.A. Dijkstra - Stability changes of the North Atlantic climate system on multidecadal time scales - accepted for publication in Journal of climate.

Van Delden, A.J., R. Neggers - A case study of tropopause cyclogenesis - accepted for publication in Meteorological applications.

Van Delden, A.J. - The budget of potential vorticity during adjustment to heating - accepted for publication in Quarterly journal of the Royal Meteorological Society.

Van Leeuwen, S.M., M. van der Vegt, H.E. de Swart - Initial formation and long-term evolution of bottom features in tidal inlet systems: a model approach - accepted for publication in Estuarine coastal & shelf science.

Van Leeuwen, S.M., M. van der Vegt, H.E. de Swart - Morphodynamics of ebb-tidal deltas: a model approach - accepted for publication in Estuarine, coastal and shelf science.

Van de Wal, R.S.W. et al. - Reconstruction of the historical temperature trend from measurements in a medium-length bore hole on the Lomonosovfonna plateau, Svalbard - accepted for publication in Annals of glaciology.

Van den Broeke, M.R., N.P.M. van Lipzig - Response of wintertime Antarctic temperatures to the Antarctic Oscillation: results of a regional climate model, in Domack, E. and A. Burnett (Eds.): Antarctic Peninsula Climate Variability: A Historical and Paleoenvironmental Perspective - accepted for publication in American geophysical union.

Van den Broeke, M.R., N.P.M. van Lipzig, E. van Meijgaard - Factors controlling the near- surface wind field in Antarctica - accepted for publication in Monthly weather review.

Van der Molen, J. - Bailard's sediment transport formulation in shelf sea conditions: comparison with observations using a clustering technique - accepted for publication in Coastal engineering.

Van Lipzig, N.P.M., E. van Meijgaard, J. Oerlemans - The effect of temporal variations in the surface mass balance and temperature-inversion strength on the interpretation of ice-core signals - accepted for publication in Journal of glaciology.

353 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 10 : Marine and Atmospheric Research Program Leader : Prof. dr ir. H. Dijkstra

Walgreen, M., H.E. de Swart, D. Calvete - Effect of grain size sorting on the formation of shoreface-connected ridges - accepted for publication in Journal of geophysical research (C).

Weijer, W., H.A. Dijkstra - Multiple oscillatory modes of the global ocean circulation - accepted for publication in Journal of physical oceanography.

2002 (submitted to a refereed journal and not yet published as of 31 December 2002) Brusdal K., J.M. Brankart, G. Halberstadt, G. Evensen, P. Brasseur, P. J. van Leeuwen, E. Dombrowsky and J. Verron, A demonstration of ensemble based assimilation methods with a layered OGCM from the perspective of operational ocean forecasting systems, Journal of Marine Science. 40-41, 253-289, 2003.

Crommelin, D.T., J.D. Opsteegh, F. Verhulst - A mechanism for atmospheric regime behaviour – submitted for publication in Journal of atmospheric science.

De Jong, A.F.M., C. Alderliesten, K. van der Borg, C. van der Veen, R.S.W. van de Wal - Radiocarbon dating of the EPICA Dome C ice core using a dry-extraction technique - submitted for publication in Nuclear instruments and methods (B).

De Roode, S.R., P.G. Duynkerke, H.J.J. Jonker - Large eddy simulation: How large is large enough? - submitted for publication in Journal of atmospheric science.

De Ruijter, W.P.M., H.M. van Aken, E.J. Beier, J.R.E. Lutjeharms, R.P. Matano, M.W. Schouten - Eddies and dipoles around South Madagascar: formation, pathways and large- scale impact - submitted for publication in Deep-Sea research.

De Steur, L., P.J. van Leeuwen and S.S. Drijfhout Tracer leakage from an Agulhas Ring, submitted to Journal of Physical Oceanography.

De Swart, H.E., D. Calvete - Nonlinear response of shoreface-connected sand ridges to interventions - submitted for publication in Ocean dynamics.

Isaksson, E., M. Hermanson, S. Hicks, M. Igarashi, K. Kamiyama, J. Moore, H. Motoyama, D. Muir, V. Pohjola, R. Vaikmäe, R.S.W. van de Wal, O. Watanabe - Ice cores from Svalbar- useful archive of past climate and pollution history. - submitted for publication in Physics and chemistry of the earth.

Isaksson, E., J. Kohler, J. Moore, V. Pohjola, M. Igarshi, L. Karlöf, T. Martma, H.A.J. Meijer, H. Motoyama, R.S.W. van de Wal -Climate and sea ice variability around Svalbard- results from two ice cores - submitted for publication in The Holocene.

Haklander, A., A.J. van Delden - Thunderstorm predictors and their forecast skill for the Netherlands. Atmospheric Research, submitted for publication the special issue of the Second European Conference on Severe Local Storms 2002 (Oct. 2002).

354 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 10 : Marine and Atmospheric Research Program Leader : Prof. dr ir. H. Dijkstra

Karlöf, L., E. Isaksson, J.-G. Winther, N. Gundestrup, H.A.J. Meijer, R. Mulvaney, M. Pourchet, C. Hofstede, M. Kacmarska, G. Lappegaard, R. Petterson, R.S.W. van de Wal - Accumulation variability in a 8 by 8-km area, Eastern Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, as determined from shallow firn cores and snow pits: Some implications for ice core analyses - submitted for publication in Journal of glaciology.

Pinglot, J.F., R. Vaikmae, K. Kamiyama, M. Igarashi, D. Fritzsche, F. Wilhelms, R. Koerner, L. Henderson, E. Isaksson, J.-G. Winther, R.S.W. van de Wal, M. Fournier, P. Bouisset, H.A.J. Meijer - Ice cores from Arctic subpolar glaciers: chronology and post depostional processes deduced from radioactivity measurements - submitted for publication in Journal of glaciology.

Roelofs, G.-J., A.S. Kentarchos, T. Trickl, A. Stohl, W.J. Collins, R.A. Crowther, D. Hauglustaine, A. Klonecki, K.S. Law, M.G. Lawrence, R. von Kuhlmann, M. van Weele - Intercomparison of tropospheric ozone models: ozone transport in a complex tropopause folding event - submitted for publication in Journal of geophysical research.

Roelofs, G.-J., H.A. Scheeren, J. Heland, H. Ziereis, J. Lelieveld - Distribution and origin of ozone in the eastern Mediterranean free troposphere during MINOS (August 2001) - submitted for publication in Atmospheric & physical chemistry.

Schaeffer,M., F.M. Selten, J.D. Opsteeg, H. Goosse - The influence of ocean convection patterns on high latitude climate projections - submitted for publication in Journal of climate.

Schramkowski, G.P., H.M. Schuttelaars, H.E. de Swart - Nonlinear channel-shoal dynamics in long tidal embayments - submitted for publication in Ocean dynamics.

Shapiro, G., J. van der Molen, H.E. de Swart - The effect of velocity veering on sand transport in a shallow coastal sea - submitted for publication in Ocean dynamics.

Van Aken, H.M., H. Ridderinkhof, W.P.M. de Ruijter - Spreading of North Atlantic Deep Water in the Southwest Indian Ocean. - submitted for publication in Deep-Sea research.

Van Leeuwen, P.J. A variance-minimizing filter for large-scale applications, accepted for publication in Monthly Weather Rev.

Van Leeuwen, S.M., H.E. de Swart - Effect of advective and diffusive sediment transport on the formation of bottom patterns in tidal embayments - submitted for publication in Ocean dynamics.

Walgreen, M., H.E. de Swart, D. Calvete - A model for grain size sorting over tidal sand ridges - submitted for publication in Ocean dynamics.

355 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 10 : Marine and Atmospheric Research Program Leader : Prof. dr ir. H. Dijkstra

356 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 11 : Quantum Gravity, Strings and Elementary Particles Program Leader : Dr. R. Loll

2. Documentation per research program

Title of the program Quantum Gravity, Strings and Elementary Particles

Program leader Dr. R. Loll (from 2001) Directors Institute for Theoretical Physics (ITF) Prof. dr. G. ’t Hooft (from 2002) Prof. dr. B. de Wit (until 2002)

Starting date of the program This program was established with the creation of the Research Institute in 2001. In terms of research it represents a smooth continuation of the developments before and since 1996.

Research area and mission Quantum gravity, string theory, supergravity and supersymmetry, black holes, elementary particles, hadron physics. The program is aimed at a fundamental theoretical description of space-time, matter and their mutual interactions.

Formal affiliations outside Dutch Research School of Theoretical Physics the Research Institute

2.1. Leadership The program leader has the overall responsibility for the program, both with respect to the quality and the cohesion of the research and with respect to the budget that is provided by the Faculty. She is responsible for the internal coordination and cooperation within the program, for organizing the human resources and for maintaining and developing the external contacts. This happens in close consultation and collaboration with the other permanent members of the program. Together with the leaders of the other research programs she discusses the general policies of the Research Institute at regular meetings and makes recommendations to the director. The program leader represents the program in the planning and control session that is organized by the Faculty Board once a year, where the plans and budget request for the coming year are presented. The presentations form the basis for the budget allocations made by the Faculty Board for the subsequent year. This program is one of the two programs in the Institute for Theoretical Physics (ITF). The tasks of its director do not interfere with the above responsibilities of the program leader. See also: Part A, 1.2.

357 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 11 : Quantum Gravity, Strings and Elementary Particles Program Leader : Dr. R. Loll

2.2. Strategy and policy Scientific mission and cohesion of the program: The ultimate goal of the research program is to provide a theoretical, quantitative description at all scales of the quantum properties of the fundamental forms of matter and interactions, including gravity. This is in line with the stated aim of most high-energy theorists today, although there is no unanimity by which method this can best be achieved. Our group has been contributing to this challenging task in the areas of quantum gravity, string and M- theory, supersymmetry and supergravity, and gauge theories, as well as elementary particle phenomenology and cosmology.

The fact that the focus of our work is purely theoretical, and deals with the properties of nature at extreme scales - most of which are not currently accessible by experiment - does not mean that we operate in isolation from the rest of the physics community. Since any fundamental theory building has to be compatible with the best available data and knowledge obtained in high-energy experiments and, to an ever increasing degree, from astrophysical observations, we have to keep abreast of major developments in these fields. Within the Faculty, this provides natural points of contact with both the subatomic physics and the astrophysics programs. With regard to the techniques used in research, our biggest overlap is with the program on condensed-matter theory, statistical and computational physics.

There are many interconnections within the rather broad range of subjects represented in our group. In the extreme-energy regime we are interested in, physics is no longer described adequately by perturbation theory, where interactions are weak and take place on an inert, flat background space-time. Alternative, non-perturbative methods are being developed in both quantum gravity and M-theory in an effort to explain the nature of quantum space-time and its ramifications for all fundamental interactions. String theory has provided fresh input into long-standing problems in quantum gravity and cosmology, and in turn uses concepts and ideas from supergravity. Supersymmetry has provided concepts and tools to test and study the strong-coupling behavior of gauge theories. Non-perturbative features of gauge theories like electric-magnetic duality and instantons have found applications and extensions in string theory. Gauge theories are obviously an integral part of our description of elementary particle physics, but also some ideas coming from string theory have had an impact on particle physics phenomenology.

Over time, the precise questions being addressed and the methods used are subject to changes, according to the interests and expertise of the group's make-up at any given moment, and to current trends. The truly fundamental nature of our research, and the fact that it usually runs far ahead of any experimental verification make it virtually impossible to lay down detailed research plans for the long term, to achieve the goal stated in our "mission statement". Nevertheless, there is of course continuity in the form of research projects currently under way, whose outcomes often suggest logical follow-ups, and in the form of long-standing problems that are revisited whenever new methods or viewpoints appear. Some of these will be described below. In addition, we have general strategies in place which influence both our appointment policy and the way the group is run on a day-to-day basis (see also Sec.2.7 below).

358 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 11 : Quantum Gravity, Strings and Elementary Particles Program Leader : Dr. R. Loll

Themes and strategies in research: One unifying theme that will continue to be important in our future research is to understand the quantum properties of black holes. An important test for any proposed theory containing quantum gravity is whether it can describe this essentially non-perturbative phenomenon and show how it gives rise to the well-known semi-classical properties of Schwarzschild black holes. Important past progress here includes the derivation of entropy formulae for string- motivated supersymmetric black holes, leading to correction terms to the Bekenstein- Hawking area law. Related future work here will deal with geodesic descriptions of multi- black hole solutions. Another way of probing black holes is via scattering in the so-called S- matrix approach, pioneered and developed at Utrecht, which aims to describe the interaction between infalling particles and outgoing Hawking radiation in a process of unitary evolution. An open challenge in this context is to gain a better understanding of the enumeration of the physically distinguishable states. Another new research project under way is to investigate which semiclassical properties of non-extremal black holes continue to be meaningful in a fully non-perturbative regime.

A central piece of any ultimate theory is to provide a dynamical mechanism to explain why "space-time" is what it is, from the very small to very large distances. This should be achieved by the still elusive non-perturbative formulations of quantum gravity or, in a unified approach, of string or M-theory. Interesting things have already been learned about quantum space-time in three dimensions, as part of an ongoing research program on a polygon approach to quantum gravity. A background-independent method to construct quantum gravitational theories is as the continuum limit of regularized sums over Lorentzian geometries. These have been shown to exist in lower dimensions - leading to a genuinely dynamical generation of space-time. Research in this area is promising and will be pursued vigourously in the future. An investigation of the physical, four-dimensional case has just begun. This ansatz is also well-suited to addressing non-perturbative issues such as topology change, and is amenable to numerical simulations.

Arguments coming from quantum gravity have sparked off a number of developments which continue to be subjects of research at Utrecht. One of them is the "holographic principle", conceived by G. ’t Hooft, and its most prominent incarnation, the so-called AdS-CFT correspondence. It stipulates a certain equivalence between theories defined on the bulk and on the boundary of space-time. Members of our group have been involved in setting up a systematic regularization and renormalization scheme for the divergences of the supergravity in the anti-de Sitter background, in verifying various instances of the correspondence, and in generalizing it to different background geometries. Quantum gravity has also led to the intriguing suggestion that a deterministic dynamical theory, using certain classical fields, should underlie quantum mechanics, a proposal whose consequences are still being explored.

Other research done in the group is motivated directly by developments in string and M- theory, for example, work on effective actions for BPS-extended supergravity theories, which in many applications describe the relevant M-theory degrees of freedom. An important ingredient for understanding the non-perturbative structure of superstring theory and supergravity are instantons. The study of multi-instantons in supersymmetric SU(N) gauge theories and its large-N limit have provided additional evidence in favor of the AdS-

359 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 11 : Quantum Gravity, Strings and Elementary Particles Program Leader : Dr. R. Loll

CFT correspondence, and future research in this area is hoped to shed further light on supersymmetry breaking and generating a small cosmological constant.

Apart from these core activities, a variety of other research directions are represented in the program, for example, theoretical and phenomenological aspects of the standard model, and of the confinement dynamics of QCD. In the area of field theory and cosmology, a number of topics have been pursued, analytical and numerical studies of models describing the physics of the early universe and baryogenesis in particular, investigations of models of inflation with multiple scalar fields, and – within a string context – of various aspects of brane cosmology.

2.3. Processes in research, internal and external collaboration The group in brief: The current make-up of the permanent part of the program is two full professors (B. de Wit and G. ’t Hooft), one associate professor (R. Loll) and one assistant professor (S. Vandoren). The average number of PhD students since the last evaluation has been around 6.5 and is currently at 8. Kick-started by an influx of funds through the creation of the Spinoza Institute, the average number of postdocs since the autumn of '98 has been around 9 and is currently at 8. There have been changes in the permanent staff, with E. Verlinde leaving for Princeton in '99, S. Vandoren and R. Loll being appointed in '01, and J. Tjon retiring at the end of '02. J. Smit and E. Laenen are participating in the program as adjunct and part-time professor respectively.

How we work: Research in theoretical physics is a highly individualized effort. In our group, a typical number of people working on a given research project is between one and three, which is also reflected in our publication list. This might be a senior scientist together with a graduate student or postdoc, or together with one or more researchers from the outside, or a small collaboration among the postdocs. There are numerous external collaborations of the permanent group members (as well as of the postdocs), involving mutual visits, and leading regularly to joint publications. In recent years, the European Commission research and training networks have become an important factor in stimulating collaborations and the transfer of knowledge, through the exchange of postdocs and researchers, and various schools and workshops. Our group is currently an active participant in three of these networks, on "Superstring theory", on "Discrete random geometries" and on "The quantum structure of spacetime", and has organized a workshop on "Random geometry and quantum gravity" in 2001 and a European winter school on "The quantum structure of spacetime" in 2002, both held in Utrecht.

All researchers are given maximal freedom to carry out their tasks. Projects are chosen by the individual scientists and are motivated by problems arising in ongoing research programs and new developments here and elsewhere in the theory community. Their goals are continually adjusted, guided by new results and perspectives. What characterizes most of present-day theoretical high-energy physics is the fact that its research front is extremely fast moving. Certain questions which were topical some years (or sometimes, just months) ago are no longer at the center of interest, having been analyzed exhaustively or replaced by new

360 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 11 : Quantum Gravity, Strings and Elementary Particles Program Leader : Dr. R. Loll and more relevant ones. This situation, together with the general unpredictability of fundamental research such as ours are largely incompatible with formulating five-year plans and benchmarks, although this fact is sometimes difficult to convey to our funding agencies.

Group life and junior researchers: There is a large number of group activities and possibilities for interaction between staff members, postdocs and students. At a weekly, organized level, there is Monday's "Gravity and Fields Tea (Grafiti)", a blackboard seminar with contributions from all group members and from researchers nearby. Its main purpose is to acquaint everyone with what every group member is doing. "Quantum Issues in Space-Time (Quist)" is an informal discussion group on Thursdays, aimed particularly at the younger researchers, and the "Spinoza Seminar" on Fridays is reserved for invited outside speakers. Intermittently, we have also been running a String Journal Club jointly with the theory group in Amsterdam. All of these events tend to be well attended and contribute a good deal to stimulating discussions and strengthening the cohesion of the group. We also have a rather active program of short- and medium-term visitors, in addition to the appointment of distinguished external scientists as "Kramers professors".

For the past few years, we have been fortunate in hosting an exceptionally large number of postdoctoral fellows and in securing funding for them. This has brought us to a critical size where a variety of group activities can be sustained. Of course, numbers do not tell it all, but our typical postdoc is a recognized international researcher who goes on to have a successful career in academia. Some of our postdocs have been outstanding, and have moved on to prestigious appointments elsewhere, and several have already obtained permanent positions.

Another important component of our program is the influx of talented students, where we find ourselves in a rather favorable situation. Traditionally we have been profiting from the fact that Utrecht University attracts a large fraction of Dutch physics students, many of whom then specialize in theoretical physics. This has recently been enhanced by the creation of a high-profile, international Masters Program in Theoretical Physics, now running in its third year, and taught jointly with members of the Condensed Matter Theory program. We are encouraged by its initial success in attracting students from within the Netherlands and abroad, and are hopeful it will remain a stable recruiting ground for highly qualified PhD students.

In addition to their teaching duties, the permanent staff members are typically supervising a couple of PhD students and two to three masters students writing their final thesis. It should be mentioned at this stage that because of the highly technical nature of our research, and the use of rather sophisticated mathematical tools, our students need a lot of "training on the job" and close supervision before and while they embark on their own specific projects. The students are well integrated in the daily group activities, and the PhD students regularly attend schools and conferences. Recent graduates of our PhD program have won postdoc positions at Caltech, Cambridge (UK), UCLA, Rutgers University, and the Albert-Einstein Institute, amongst others.

361 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 11 : Quantum Gravity, Strings and Elementary Particles Program Leader : Dr. R. Loll

2.4. Academic reputation Prizes, Awards B. de Wit - Humboldt Science Award (1998). B. Körs - Lise-Meitner-Preis 2002 (Humboldt Universität, Berlin, Germany). R. Loll - Heisenberg Fellowship (1999). G. ’t Hooft - Gian Carlo Wick Commemorative Medal, World Federation of Scientists, Lausanne, Switzerland (1997). - Oskar Klein Lecture, Oskar Klein Silver Medal, Royal Academy of Sweden, Stockholm (1999). - Zilveren Academiepenning, Royal Dutch Academy of Sciences, KNAW (1999). - 1999 High Energy Physics Prize (European Physical Society). - 1999 Nobel Prize in Physics (with M. Veltman). B.J.W. van Tent - Fenia Berz Award 2001 (Institute of Physics, UK).

Honorary doctorates G. ’t Hooft - University of Leuven, Belgium (1996). - University of Bologna, Italy (1998). - L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian University, Republic of Kazakhstan (2000). - University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa (2001). - Hofstra University (NY), USA (2001). - Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France (2001). - Nanjing University, China (2002).

Editorships B. de Wit - Nuclear Physics B-Proceedings Supplements (since 1998). R. Loll - Living Reviews in Relativity (since 1998). G. ’t Hooft - Nuclear Physics B (since 1977). - Classical and Quantum Gravity (until 1997).

Board/Executive Memberships B. de Wit - Scientific delegate for the Netherlands in the CERN Council and the Committee of Council (1994-2000). - Member of the executive board of FOM (Foundation for Fundamental Research of Matter) (since 1999). - Corresponding member Commission Subatomic Physics of the Foundation for Scientific Research (FWO), Flanders, Belgium (since 1997).

362 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 11 : Quantum Gravity, Strings and Elementary Particles Program Leader : Dr. R. Loll

Elected Memberships of International Scientific Organizations (professional societies, academies) J.A. Tjon - Koninklijke Akademie voor Wetenschappen (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) (since 1997). G. ’t Hooft - Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie voor Wetenschappen (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) (since 1982). - Koninklijke Academie voor Wetenschappen, Letteren en Schone Kunsten van België, Foreign Member (since 1981). - Hollandsche Maatschappij der Wetenschappen (since 1983). - National Academy of Sciences (USA), Foreign Associate (since 1984). - American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Foreign Honorary Member (since 1986). - Académie des Sciences, Paris, Associé étranger (since 1995). - Institute of Physics (London), Fellow and Chartered Physicist (since 2000). - Honorary Fellow of the Institute of Physics at Singapore (since 2000).

2.5. Internal evaluation and analysis, perspectives and expectations for the research program Strengths. The scope of the research pursued in the program is rather broad, from quantum gravity and strings to supersymmetric theories and particle physics. This gives the program a good degree of flexibility with regard to new developments in the field. There is plenty of scientific interaction within the group, as well as external collaborations, and the program hosts a sizeable number of young researchers. The group profits from the presence of a Nobel Prize winner, of the international masters program in theoretical physics, and from the scientific expertise of the neighboring theoretical condensed matter program.

Weaknesses. The program operates in a fast-moving and competitive area of research with only a small group of four permanent scientists, whose two senior members are only partially available because of their numerous duties outside the program. The permanent staff's limited time resources are stretched further by having to run a group of about 30 people (master thesis students included) and teach in both the masters and bachelor programs.

Opportunities. The program experienced a great boost in 1998, in the form of several major research grants and extraordinary direct funding in the wake of the Nobel Prize. The high level of about nine postdocs ever since has made it possible to sustain many program activities, which in turn have made the group more attractive to postdocs, visitors and PhD students, giving it a great strength to build on. Another, quite unique opportunity to help to attract young researchers is the potential growth in both size and international reputation of the recently established masters program.

Threats. Because of the theoretical nature of the research, the by far most important resource of the program is its scientific staff. As a result of the high ratio of temporary to permanent researchers, and the high mobility of this human resource the group feels particularly vulnerable to fluctuations and gaps in the funding of its scientific personnel. The high number of non-permanent scientists in recent times has been largely reliant on one-time

363 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 11 : Quantum Gravity, Strings and Elementary Particles Program Leader : Dr. R. Loll grants, and on postdoc money obtained through currently three longer-term European Union research and training networks all of which will run out within the next year. A further concern is to provide sufficiently attractive career prospects and working conditions to junior group members to keep them from migrating elsewhere.

Adjusted goals. The group's ambition is to stay on the map as a top place for theoretical physics in Europe and beyond, where original research ideas are produced, and which is attractive to researchers, postdocs, graduate students and visitors alike. In order to achieve this goal and to stabilize the currently rather favourable situation, it is imperative that the program's permanent base be strengthened in the near future by the appointment of at least one more scientist.

2.6. External validation As should be clear from the description of our research activities in Sec.2.2., we are concerned with uncovering the physical laws of nature at their most fundamental level. Any major advance in our understanding of space-time and matter, if and when it occurs, may well have ramifications beyond the science community, be it simply by changing our way of viewing the universe, or by building new technical devices. In the meantime, all we can try and do is to create comprehension and appreciation of the aims of our theoretical research in the general public by way of school visits, public lectures, and interacting with the media.

2.7. Researchers and other personnel The decision about whom to take on as a PhD student - within our financial limits - is up to the individual staff members. We get many more PhD requests than we can accommodate, given the constraints on our time and the fact that the supervision of the students is very labor-intensive. Applications come from our own undergraduates, from elsewhere in the Netherlands, and from abroad. We may also take the initiative ourselves whenever highly qualified candidates come up through our masters program. Promising-looking applicants from the outside may be invited for a talk and interviews. Training of the students happens on a one-on-one basis with their supervisor, by partaking in the scientific activities of the group, and by (mandatory) participation in the yearly Dutch research schools. Information about applying for PhD (and postdoc) positions is disseminated through our web pages. Our postdocs are usually recruited once a year, to start their appointment in the following autumn. We typically receive on the order of 100 applications per year. Candidates are selected on the basis of their scientific track record and on how they fit in with and complement the ongoing research activities. One of our concerns in recruiting people – not just the postdocs – is to keep a broad profile and openness to a variety of approaches to address the currently unresolved questions in our field. We also believe that it is part of maintaining a high scientific standard to practice and encourage critical examination of the aims of any particular line of research and of its meaning and value in a larger context.

As for the efficiency of our PhD program, the nine students who finished their studies during the review period took an average time of 49.4 months. At the same time, no students have dropped out from the PhD program. The total number of nine PhDs obtained is slightly misleading: as can be seen from table 3, the average number of PhD students in our program

364 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 11 : Quantum Gravity, Strings and Elementary Particles Program Leader : Dr. R. Loll at any one time was about 6.8. Therefore (if their starting dates had been distributed evenly), around twelve students should have finished between 1996 and 2002. As it happens, the distribution has highs and lows, and has been cut off just before the next “peak” of five students who are finishing in 2003.

Table 3: Quantum Gravity, Strings and Elementary Particles Research staff at program level in Fte Name and present 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 title Full professors B. de Wit 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,50 0,40 G. ´t Hooft 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 J.A. Tjon 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 E.P. Verlinde 0,60 0,54 0,48 0,36 Associate professor R. Loll 0,20 0,60 Assistant professor S. Vandoren 0,20 0,60 Total tenured staff 2,40 2,34 2,28 2,16 1,80 2,10 2,80

Post-doctoral fellows C. Anastopoulos 0,67 1,00 G. Arcioni 0,17 1,00 J. Barbon 0,25 0,75 D. Berman 0,25 0,75 G. Bonelli 0,17 1,00 0,75 A.M. Boyarsky 0,33 1,00 0,67 G. Cardoso 0,25 1,00 1,00 0,75 R. Costa-Santos 0,33 S. De Haro Ollé 0,50 M. Faux 0,33 B. Körs 0,25 1,00 Y. Lozano 0,33 0,50 0,25 0,83 S. Massar 0,25 0,75 H.J. Matschull 0,33 1,00 0,83 J.F. Morales 0,17 1,00 0,83 Morera N.A.J. Obers 0,50 1,00 0,25 M.J. O’Loughlin 0,17 1,00 0,83 M.K. Parikh 0,33 1,00 1,00 0,67 H. Samtleben 0,25 1,00 K. Sfetsos 0,96 V.I. Shevchenko 0,50 1,00 A. Sinkovics 0,25 K. Skenderis 0,25 1,00 S.N. Solodukhin 0,33 1,00 0,83 S. Stanciu 0,25 1,00 0,75 B. Stefanski 0,33 M.M. Taylor 0,33 1,00 U. Theis 0,08 0,83 M. Trigiante 0,25 1,00 1,00 A.E.M. van der 0,33 1,00 0,67 Ven

365 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 11 : Quantum Gravity, Strings and Elementary Particles Program Leader : Dr. R. Loll

Kramers chair D.I. Olive 0,20 E. Rabinovici 0,05 Part time professor E.L.M.P. Laenen 0 0 PhD students Total 4,80 6,19 6,60 6,90 6,00 5,51 6,90 Total non tenured 6,81 8,19 11,35 15,98 14,45 14,09 16,48 staff Total research staff 9,21 10,53 13,63 18,14 16,25 16,19 19,28 This table represents the actual fraction of the fte available for research, the research input of all personnel is quantified on the basis of a fixed standard for each function: full professors 60% associate professors (SDO) 60% assistant professors (DO) 60% post-doctoral fellows 100% PhD students (AIO/OIO’s) 90% The research input is calculated in proportion to the size of the appointment of the researcher involved. In exceptional cases when a staff member has performed duties that have taken up an extra-proportional amount of time, the percentage of time for research has been adapted.

Other program members Adjunct professor Prof. dr. J. Smit (from 11/96)

Emeritus professor Prof. dr. Th.W. Ruijgrok

Associated staff (Spinoza program) Prof. dr. J. de Boer (UvA) (from 1/99) Prof. dr. R.H. Dijkgraaf (UvA) (from 9/98) Drs. R.J. Duivenvoorden (UvA) (from 9/00) Dr. W.K. Ma (RUG) (from 9/98 until 10/00) Dr. K. Schalm (Nikhef) (from 9/99 until 9/01) Dr. M. Serone (UvA) (from 9/98 until 8/00) Dr. M. Vazquez-Mozo (UvA) (from 10/98 until 10/00) Prof. dr. H.L. Verlinde (UvA) (from 9/98 until 9/99) Drs. M. Vonk (UvA) (from 10/98 until 11/03) Dr. A. Waldron (Nikhef) (from 9/98 until 9/99)

Visiting staff Prof. dr. J. Ambjørn (NBI Copenhagen) (from 4/02 until 1/03) Dr. A. Achucarro (Univ. of the Basque Country) (from 1/96 until 3/96) Drs. G. Arcioni (Torino) (from 11/99 until 3/00) (from 5/00 until 7/00) Drs. S. Corley (Univ. of Maryland) (from 8/95 until 7/96) Dr. A. Criscuolo (UNAM Mexico) (from 1/98 until 1/99) Dr. O. Foda (Univ. Melbourne) (from 2/96 until 3/96) Prof. dr. N.D. Hari Dass (Chennai/NWO) (from 9/02 until 12/02) Dr. T. Harmark (NBI, Copenhagen) (from 2/01 until 6/01) Dr. R. Inoue (Univ. of Tokyo) (from 11/01 until 1/02) (from 5/02 until 7/02)

366 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 11 : Quantum Gravity, Strings and Elementary Particles Program Leader : Dr. R. Loll

(from 11/02 until 2/03) Dr. T. Jacobson (Univ. Maryland) (from 7/95 until 7/96) Dr. R. Metsaev (Lebedev Institute Moscow/INTAS) (from 3/97 until 5/97) Drs. K. Peeters (NIKHEF) (from 6/96 until 6/98) Dr. A. Segal (Lebedev Institute Moscow/INTAS) (from 10/01 until 11/01) Prof. dr. Y.A. Simonov (ITEP Moscow) (from 2/96 until 3/96) (from 1/97 until 2/97) (from 10/98 until 11/98) (from 1/00 until 2/00) Dr. R.G.E. Timmermans (RUG) (from 9/98 until 3/99) Dr. I. Tipunin (Lebedev Institute Moscow/INTAS) (from 5/97 until 6/97) Dr. M. Vasiliev (Lebedev Institute Moscow/INTAS) (from 3/97 until 4/97) Drs. B. van de Ventel (Univ. Stellenbosch) (from 2/98 until 3/98) Prof. dr. H. Waelbroeck (UNAM Mexico) (from 1/98 until 1/99) Dr. V. Zeitlin (Lebedev Institute Moscow/INTAS) (from 3/97 until 4/97)

2.8. Resources, funding and facilities Our main sources for external funding are the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), and – under the NWO's auspices – the Foundation for Fundamental Research on Matter (FOM), as well as European network grants and Marie Curie fellowships, awarded by the European Commission. All of these provide substantial funds for scientific personnel (PhD and postdoc positions), travel funds and material costs. The INTAS networks, also administered through the EC, finance collaborations with scientists from the former Soviet Union. The remainder is a variety of grants for exchange visits, holding conferences etc. A complete list is as follows:

Table 4a Quantum Gravity, Strings and Elementary Particles Funding at program level in K€ Funding 1996 19971998 1999 2000 2001 2002 97-02 average Direct funding 380 425 460 350 468 631 452 Research funds 128 274 441 503 566 489 377 442 Contracts 83 3067 53 73 125 214 94 Other

Total 695934 1.015 989 1.082 1.222 988 Table 4a: The funding of the program during the evaluation period in k€.

367 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 11 : Quantum Gravity, Strings and Elementary Particles Program Leader : Dr. R. Loll

Table 4 Quantum Gravity, Strings and Elementary Particles Funding at program level in % Funding 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 97-02 average Direct funding 56% 46% 45% 35% 43% 52% 46% Research funds 40% 47% 50% 57% 45% 31% 45% Contracts 4% 7% 5% 7% 12% 17% 9% Other

Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Table 4b: The funding of the program during the evaluation period in %. For an explanation see Research Institute documentation.

External funding NWO NWO Spinoza premium, G. ’t Hooft (1995-2001). NWO Pionier grant, E.P. Verlinde (1998-2003).

FOM Funding through the FOM theoretical high-energy program, since recently organized in the context of two FOM programs: Fundamental interactions and String theory and quantum gravity. Additional FOM support was obtained through the FOM projects: - Black holes and quantum mechanics (G. ’t Hooft) - Locality in quantum field theory (G. ’t Hooft) - Nonperturbative string theory (E. Verlinde/H. Verlinde/R. Dijkgraaf) - Duality symmetries in string theory and supersymmetric field theories (E. Verlinde) - New approaches to hypermultiplets/local field theory couplings of BPS states (B. de Wit) - Instantons in string theory (S. Vandoren/ G. ’t Hooft) - Non-perturbative quantum black holes (R. Loll) - Fundamental interactions (G. ’t Hooft)

EU-networks Physical and mathematical aspects of the theory of fundamental interactions, string theory, field theory and integrable models (ERBCHRX-CT92-0035) Duration: from 01-08-1993 until 01-08-1997 Network coordinator: P. Windey (Paris, France) Responsible scientist: B. de Wit

Physics at every scale: postdoctoral research in the Dutch Research School of Theoretical Physics (ERBCHBG-CT-94-0690) Duration: from 01-12-1994 until 30-03-1998 Network coordinator: J.E. van Himbergen (Utrecht Universiteit) Responsible scientist: G. ’t Hooft

368 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 11 : Quantum Gravity, Strings and Elementary Particles Program Leader : Dr. R. Loll

Gauge theories in elementary particle physics and gravitation (ERBCHRX-CT94-0621) Duration: from 01-01-1995 until 01-01-1999 Network coordinator: E.N. Economou (Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Crete, Greece) Responsible scientist: G. ’t Hooft

Quantum aspects of gauge theories, supersymmetry and unification (ERBFMRX-CT96- 0045) Duration: from 01-09-1996 until 01-09-2000 Network coordinator: A. Van Proeyen (KU Leuven, Belgium) Responsible scientist: B. de Wit

Superstring theory (HPRN-CT-2000-00122) Duration: from 01-06-2000 until 31-05-2004 Network coordinator: L. Brink (Chalmers University, Göteborg, Sweden) Responsible scientist: G. ’t Hooft

Discrete random geometries: from solid state physics to quantum gravity (HPRN-CT-1999-00161) Duration: from 01-09-2001 until 01-04-2004 Network coordinator: D. Johnston (Heriot-Watt University, UK) Responsible scientist: R. Loll

The quantum structure of spacetime (HPRN-CT-2000-00131) Duration: from 01-10-2001 until 30-09-2004 Network coordinator: A. Van Proeyen (KU Leuven, Belgium) Responsible scientist: B. de Wit

EU Marie Curie fellows C. Anastopolous (HPMF-CT-2000-00817) Duration: from 01-05-2001 until 01-05-2003

M. Trigiante (HPMF-CT-2001-01276) Duration: from 01-11-2001 until 01-11-2003

INTAS European network of theoretical physics (INTAS 1010-CT-9300023) Duration: from 01-01-1995 until 01-07-1997 Network coordinator: A. Neveu (Paris, France) Responsible scientist: J.E. van Himbergen

Quantum structure of gauge theories and extended supersymmetry (INTAS 96-0308) Duration: from 01-10-1997 until 01-10-1999 Network coordinator: P. Howe (King’s College, London, UK) Responsible scientist: B. de Wit

Strings, branes and higher-spin gauge fields (INTAS 99-00590)

369 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 11 : Quantum Gravity, Strings and Elementary Particles Program Leader : Dr. R. Loll

Duration: from 01-04-2000 until 01-04-2003 Network coordinator: A. Sagnotti (Universita di Roma, Italy) Responsible scientist: B. de Wit

Nonperturbative effects in QCD (INTAS 00-00110) Duration: from 01-06-2001 until 01-06-2003 Network coordinator: A. Giacomo (Universita Pisa, Italy) Responsible scientist: J. Tjon

Other external funding/formal international cooperation Quantum gravity, string theory, supersymmetry, and quantum field theory Duration: from 12-07-1999 until 12-07-2006 Coordinator: D. Kim (Brain Korea 21 Physics Group Seoul National University) Responsible scientist: B. de Wit

Mathematical and theoretical physics (FWO scientific research community) Duration: from 01-12-1999 until 01-12-2004 Coordinator: A. Verbeure (KU Leuven, Belgium) Responsible scientist: B. de Wit

Geometry and disorder (European Science Foundation (ESF)) Duration: from 01-01-2000 until 01-01-2003 Responsible scientist: R. Loll

2.9. Overview of the results 1. Key publications 1. T. Nieuwenhuis and J.A. Tjon - Nonperturbative study of generalized ladder graphs in a φ2χ theory - Phys. Rev. Lett. 77 (1996) 814-817 (hep-ph//9606403).

2. G. ’t Hooft - The scattering matrix approach for the quantum black hole: an overview - J. Mod. Phys. A11 (1996) 4623-4688 (gr-qc/9607022).

3. R. Dijkgraaf, E. Verlinde and H. Verlinde - Matrix string theory - Nucl. Phys. B500 (1997) 43-61 (hep-th/9703030).

4. J. Ambjørn and R. Loll - Non-perturbative Lorentzian quantum gravity, causality and topology change - Nucl. Phys. B536 (1998) 407-434 (hep-th/9805108).

5. G.L. Cardoso, B. de Wit and T. Mohaupt - Corrections to macroscopic supersymmetric black-hole entropy - Phys. Lett. B451 (1999) 309-316 (hep-th/9812082).

6. N. Dorey, T.J. Hollowood, V.V. Khoze, M.P. Mattis and S. Vandoren, Multi-instanton calculus and the AdS/CFT correspondence in N=4, superconformal field theory, Nucl. Phys. B552 (1999) 88, (hep-th/9901128).

370 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 11 : Quantum Gravity, Strings and Elementary Particles Program Leader : Dr. R. Loll

2. Dissertations 1998: M. Welling (category 1) Classical and quantum gravity in 2+1 dimensions promotor: Prof. dr. G. ’t Hooft

1998: B.J.K. Kleijn (category 1) New couplings in N=2 supergravity promotor: Prof. dr. B. de Wit

1998: K. Peeters (category 1) Geometrical aspects of supersymmetry. Spinning particles, string dualities and the eleven dimensional supermembrane promotor: Prof. dr. B. de Wit co-promotor: Dr. J.W. van Holten

1998: V. Pascalutsa (category 1) Covariant description of pion-nucleon dynamics promotor: Prof. dr. J.A. Tjon

1999: G.A.P.T. Aarts (category 1) Dynamics in equilibrium and nonequilibrium quantum field theory promotor: Prof. dr. J. Smit

1999: G.T.J. Zwart (category 1) Stringy perspectives on gauge theories promotor: Prof. dr. E.P. Verlinde

2000: C.M. Hofman (category 1) Strings, Matrices, and noncommutative gauge theory promotor: Prof. dr. E.P. Verlinde

2001: S. de Haro Ollé (category 1) Quantum gravity and the holographic principle promotor: Prof. dr. G. ’t Hooft

2002: B.J.W. van Tent (category 1) Cosmological inflation with multiple fields and the theory of density fluctuations promotor: Prof. dr. G. ’t Hooft

371 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 11 : Quantum Gravity, Strings and Elementary Particles Program Leader : Dr. R. Loll

3. Numerical Overview of the results Table 5 Program results: output numbers 9697 98 99 00 01 02 Total

1. Academic publications a. In refereed 38 40 50 47 57 43 37 35* 347 Journals

b. other publications Total 3840 50 47 57 43 37 35 347

2. PhD theses 4211 1 9 *Submitted and not yet published as of 31 December 2002

4. Full list of publications (1996-2002) 1996 (refereed) Bakas, I. and K. Sfetsos - Universal aspects of string propagation on curved backgrounds - Phys. Rev. D54 (1996) 3995-4003 (hep-th/9604195).

Bakas, I. and K. Sfetsos - Toda fields of SO(3) Hyper-Kähler metrics - Nucl. Phys. (Proc. Suppl.) B49 (1996) 10-15 (hep-th/9601087).

Claus, P., B. de Wit, M. Faux, B. Kleijn, R. Siebelink and P. Termonia - The vector-vector supermultiplet with gauged central charge - Phys. Lett. B373 (1996) 81-88 (hep- th/9512143).

Corley, S. and T. Jacobson - Focusing on the holomorphic hypothesis - Phys. Rev. D53 (1996) R6720-R6724 (gr-qc/9602043).

Corley, S. and T. Jacobson - Hawking spectrum and high frequency dispersion - Phys. Rev. D54 (1996) 1568-1586 (hep-th/9601073).

De Jonghe, F., P. Termonia, W. Troost and S. Vandoren – The topological twist and BRST anti-BRST gauge fixing in N=2 Landau-Ginzburg models – in: Proceedings of Strings '95, eds. I. Bars et al., World Scientific, 1996, 283.

De Wit, B. and A. Van Proeyen - Special geometry and symplectic transformations - Nucl. Phys. (Proc. Suppl), 45B,C (1996) 196-206 (hep-th/9510186).

De Wit, B. - N=2 Electric-magnetic duality in a chiral background - Nucl. Phys. (Proc. Suppl.) B49 (1996) 191-200 (hep-th/9602060).

De Wit, B., M.T. Grisaru and M. Roček - Nonholomorphic corrections to the one-loop N=2 super Yang-Mills action - Phys. Lett. B374 (1996) 297-303 (hep-th/9601115).

372 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 11 : Quantum Gravity, Strings and Elementary Particles Program Leader : Dr. R. Loll

De Wit, B., G. Lopes Cardoso, D. Lüst, T. Mohaupt and S-J. Rey - Higher-order gravitational couplings and modular forms in N=2, D=4 heterotic string compactifications - Nucl. Phys. B481 (1996) 353-388 (hep-th/9607184).

De Wit, B. and A. Van Proeyen - Isometries of special manifolds - Proc. Meeting on Quaternionic Structures in Mathematics and Physics, SISSA Trieste, Sept. 1994, ILAS/FM- 6/1996 (hep-th/9505097).

De Wit, B. - Special geometry and perturbative analysis of N=2 heterotic vacua - Proc. Int. Europhysics Conference on High-Energy Physics, Eds. J. Lemonne, C. Van der Velde and F. Verbeure, World Scient. (1996) 91-94 (hep-th/9511019).

De Wit, B., V. Kaplunovsky, J. Louis and D. Lüst - Duality symmetries and perturbative vectormultiplet couplings in N=2 heterotic string vacua - Proc. of the "Strings '95: Future Perspectives in String Theory" conference, eds. I. Bars, P. Bouwknegt, J. Minahan, D. Nemeschansky, K. Pilch, H. Saleur and N. Warner (World Scient. 1996) 488-500.

De Wit, B. - N=2 symplectic reparametrizations in a chiral background - Fortsch. Phys. 44 (1996) 529-538 (hep-th/9603191).

Jacobson, T. - On the origin of the outgoing black hole modes - Phys. Rev. D53 (1996) 7082-7088 (hep-th/9601064).

Jacobson, T. - 1+1 sector of 3+1 gravity - Class. Quant. Grav. 13 (1996) L111-L116 (gr- qc/9604003).

Jacobson, T. - Introduction to black hole microscopy - in: Recent Developments in Gravitation and Mathematical Physics, eds. A. Macías, T. Matos, O. Obregón and H. Quevedo, 87-112 (World Scientific, 1996) (hep-th/9510026).

Loll, R. - A real alternative to quantum gravity in loop space - Phys. Rev. D 54 (1996) 5381 - 4 (gr-qc/9602041).

Loll, R. - Spectrum of the volume operator in quantum gravity - Nucl. Phys. B 460 (1996) 143-54 (gr-qc/9511030).

Lozano, Y. - Duality and canonical transformations - Mod. Phys. Lett. A11 (1996) 2893- 2914 (hep-th/9610024).

Nieuwenhuis, T. and J.A. Tjon - Nonperturbative study of generalized ladder graphs in a φ2χ theory - Phys. Rev. Lett. 77 (1996) 814-817 (hep-ph/9606403).

Nieuwenhuis, T, and J.A. Tjon - O(4) Expansion of the ladder Bethe-Salpeter equation - Few Body Syst. 21 (1996) 167.

Ruijgrok, Th.W. - Relativistic contributions to the electromagnetic binding and scattering of pions by atoms - Acta Physica Polonica B27 (1996) 1869-1885.

373 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 11 : Quantum Gravity, Strings and Elementary Particles Program Leader : Dr. R. Loll

Scholten, O., A. Yu. Korchin, V. Pascalutsa and D. Van Neck - Pion and photon induced reactions on the nucleon in a unitary model - Phys. Lett. B384 (1996) 13-19 (nucl- th/9604014).

Sfetsos, K. - Duality and restoration of manifest supersymmetry - Nucl. Phys. B463 (1996) 33-54 (hep-th/9510034).

Sfetsos, K. - Non-abelian duality, parafermions and supersymmetry - Phys. Rev. D54 (1996) 1682-1695 (hep-th/9602179).

Stadler, A. and J.A. Tjon - Comment on relativistic cluster dynamics of nucleons and mesons. II. Formalism and examples - Phys. Rev. C53 (1996) 1032-1034 (nucl-th/9504007).

’t Hooft, G. - Quantization of point particles in (2+1)-dimensional gravity and spacetime discreteness - Class. Quant. Grav. 13 (1996) 1023-1039 (gr-qc/9601014).

’t Hooft, G. - The scattering matrix approach for the quantum black hole: an overview J. Mod. Phys. A11 (1996) 4623-4688 (gr-qc/9607022).

’t Hooft, G. - Quantum information and information loss in general relativity - In: Quantum Coherence and Decoherence. K. Fujikawa and Y.A. Ono (Eds.). 1996 Elsevier Science B.V. 273-280 (gr-qc/9509050).

’t Hooft, G - Gauge theory and renormalization - Proceedings NATO Advanced Research Workshop on the History of Original Ideas and Basic Discoveries in Particle Physics, July 27-August 4, 1994, Erice, Italy. 1996 Plenum Press, New York. H.B. Newman and T. Ypsilantis (eds.), series B: Physics Vol. 352 (1996) 37-44 (hep-th/9410038).

’t Hooft, G. - Can one reconcile the physics of black holes with the laws of quantum mechanics? - Proc. of the 1st Jagna International Workshop on "Advances in Theoretical Physics" 4-7 January 1995, Jagna, Bohol, Philippines. Eds. C.C. Bernido et al., Central Visayan Inst. Jagna, Bohol. 1996.

Tjon, J.A. and F. Coester et al. - Relativistic approaches to hadrons and nuclei at medium energies - In "Perspectives in Nuclear Physics at Intermediate Energies" (1996) 517.

Tjon, J.A. and W.J. Kasdorp et al. - Relativistic effects in the reaction 2H(e,e',p) at high recoil momenta - Proc. Amsterdam meeting (1996) 195.

Verlinde, E.P. - New trends in particle theory - Proc. Int. Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics, Eds, J. Lemonne, C. Van der Velde and F. Verbeure, World Scient. (1996) 869-875.

Wallace, S., F. Gross and J.A. Tjon - Scalar and vector interactions of a composite spin-1/2 system - Phys. Rev. C53 (1996) 860-870.

374 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 11 : Quantum Gravity, Strings and Elementary Particles Program Leader : Dr. R. Loll

Welling, M. - Gravity in 2+1 dimensions as a Riemann-Hilbert problem - Class. Quant. Grav. 13 (1996) 633-679 (hep-th/9510060).

Welling, M. and M. Bijlsma - The Pauli-Lubanski scalar in the polygon approach to (2+1)- dimensional gravity - Class. Quant. Grav. 13 (1996) 1769-1774 (gr-qc/9601025).

1997 (refereed) Aarts, G.A.P.T. and J. Smit - Finiteness of hot classical scalar field theory and the plasmon damping rate - Phys.Lett. B393 (1997) 395-402 (hep-th/9610415).

Bakas, I. and K. Sfetsos - Toda fields of SO(3) Hyper-Kähler metrices and free field realizations - Int. J. Mod. Phys. A12 (1997) 2585-2612 (hep-th/9604003).

Banerjee, M.K. and J.A. Tjon - Nuclear matter studies with density-dependent meson- nucleon coupling constants - Phys. Rev. C56 (1997) 497-509 (nucl-th/9612007).

Behrndt, K., B. de Wit, G. Cardoso, R. Kallosh, D. Lüst and T. Mohaupt - Classical and quantum N=2 supersymmetric black holes - Nucl. Phys. B488 (1997) 236-260 (hep- th/9610105).

Bruins, E.E.W. and J.A. Tjon et al. - Reply to the comment on "Measurement of the Neutron Magnetic Form Factor" by J. Jourdan et al. - Phys. Rev. Lett. 79 (1997) 5187.

Claus, P., B. de Wit, P. Termonia and M. Faux - Chern-Simon couplings and inequivalent vector-tensor multiplets - Nucl. Phys. B491 (1997) 201-220 (hep-th/9612203).

Claus, P., B. de Wit, P. Termonia, M. Faux and R. Siebelink - The vector-tensor supermultiplet and heterotic dilaton couplings - Proc. "Gauge Theories, Applied Supersymmetry and Quantum Gravity II'', Imperial College Press 1997, 231-238.

De Jonghe, F., K. Peeters and K. Sfetsos - Killing-Yano supersymmetry in string theory - Class. Quant. Grav. 14 (1997) 35-46 (hep-th/9607203).

De Wit, B., G. Cardoso, D. Lüst, T. Mohaupt and S-J. Rey - Higher-derivative couplings and duality in N=2, D=4 string theories - Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.) 56B (1997) 108-119.

De Wit, B. - Supersymmetric quantum mechanics, supermembranes and Dirichlet particles - Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.) 56B (1997) 76-87 (hep-th/9701169).

De Wit, B., K. Peeters and J.C. Plefka - Supermembranes with winding - Phys. Lett. B409 (1997) 117-123 (hep-th/9705225).

De Wit, B. - Applications of special geometry - in: Proc. 1995 Summer School in High Energy Physics and Cosmology, Trieste, 29-30 June 1995. Eds. E. Gava, A. Masiero, K.S. Narain, S. Randjhar-Darmi and A. Shati, World Scient. 1997 (hep-th/9601044).

375 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 11 : Quantum Gravity, Strings and Elementary Particles Program Leader : Dr. R. Loll

De Wit, B., B. Kleijn, S. Vandoren - Rigid N=2 superconformal hypermultiplets - in: proceedings of Dubna 1997, Supersymmetries and quantum symmetries 37-45 (hep- th/9808160).

Dorey, N., V.V. Khoze, M.P. Mattis, D. Tong and S. Vandoren - Instantons, three- dimensional gauge theory, and the Atiyah-Hitchin manifold - Nucl. Phys. B 502 (1997) 59- 93 (hep-th/9703228).

Dijkgraaf, R., E. Verlinde and H. Verlinde - BPS spectrum of the five-brane and black hole entropy - Nucl. Phys. B486 (1997) 77-88 (hep-th/9603126).

Dijkgraaf, R., E. Verlinde and H. Verlinde - BPS quantization of the five-brane - Nucl. Phys. B486 (1997) 89-113 (hep-th/9604055).

Dijkgraaf, R., E. Verlinde and H. Verlinde - Matrix string theory - Nucl. Phys. B500 (1997) 43-61 (hep-th/9703030).

Dijkgraaf, R., E. Verlinde and H. Verlinde - 5-D black holes and matrix strings - Nucl. Phys. B506 (1997) 121-142 (hep-th/9704108).

Dijkgraaf, R., E. Verlinde and H. Verlinde - Counting dyons in N=4 string theory - Nucl. Phys. B484 (1997) 543-561 (hep-th/9607026).

Dijkgraaf, R., G. Moore, E. Verlinde and H. Verlinde - Elliptic genera of symmetric products and second quantized strings - Commun. Math. Phys. 185 (1997) 197-209 (hep-th/9608096).

Kasdorp, W.J. and J.A. Tjon, et al. - Relativistic effects in the electrodisintegration of Deuterium - Phys. Lett. B393 (1997) 42.

Loll, R. - Simplifying the spectral analysis of the volume operator - Nucl. Phys. B 500 (1997) 405-20 (gr-qc/9706038).

Loll, R. - Imposing det E > 0 in discrete quantum gravity - Phys. Lett. B 399 (1997) 227-32 (gr-qc/9703033).

Loll, R. - Further results on geometric operators in quantum gravity - Class. Quant. Grav. 14 (1997) 1725-41 (gr-qc/9612068).

Loll, R. - Still on the way to quantizing gravity - in: Proceedings of the 12th Italian Conference on General Relativity and Gravitational Physics, eds. M. Bassan et al (World Scientific, Singapore, 1997) 193-206 (gr-qc/9701032).

Loll, R. - Latticing quantum gravity - in: Proceedings of the 2nd Meeting on Constrained Dynamics and Quantum Gravity, Santa Margherita Ligure, Italy, 17-21 September 1996, Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.) 57 (1997) 255-8 (gr-qc/9701007).

376 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 11 : Quantum Gravity, Strings and Elementary Particles Program Leader : Dr. R. Loll

Loll, R. - Quantizing canonical gravity in the real domain - in: 2nd International Sakharov Conference on Physics: Proceedings, eds. I.M. Dremin und A.M. Semikhatov (World Scientific, Singapore, 1997) 280-3 (gr-qc/9701031).

Lozano, Y. - D-brane dualities as canonical transformations - Phys. Lett. B399 (1997) 233- 242 (hep-th/9701186).

Lozano, Y. - Eleven dimensions from the massive D2-brane - Phys. Lett. B414 (1997) 52-57 (hep-th/9707011).

Martinus, G.H., O. Scholten and J.A. Tjon - Effects of relativity in proton-proton bremsstrahlung - Phys. Rev. C56 (1997) 2945-2962.

Martinus, G. and J.A. Tjon et al. - Relativistic description of pp-bremsstrahlung - Phys. Lett. B402 (1997) 7-12.

Sfetsos, K. - Poisson-Lie T-duality and supersymmetry - Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.) 56B (1997) 302-309 (hep-th/9611199).

Sfetsos, K. - Coset models and differential geometry - Proc. of the Workshop held at Imperial College, London, 5-10 July 1996, "Gauge Theories, Applied Supersymmetry and Quantum Gravity II", Imperial College Press, edts. A. Sevrin, K.S. Stelle, K. Thielemans and A. Van Proeyen (World Scientific, Singapore) 1997, 370-377.

’t Hooft, G. - Complexity in quantum gravity - Complexity 3 (1997) 36-37.

’t Hooft, G. - The quantum black hole - In: "Topics in Theoretical Physics'', Proc. of the Second Pacific Winter School for Theoretical Physics, 19-24 jan., 1995, Sorak Mountain Resort, Korea, Ed. Y.M. Cho (World Scientific, Singapore), 1997, 1-26.

’t Hooft, G. - Quantization of space and time in 3 and in 4 space-time dimensions - In: Quantum Fields and Quantum Space Time. NATO ASI Series B364 (1997) 151-163. Eds.: G. ’t Hooft et al (gr-qc/9608037).

’t Hooft, G. - Renormalization of gauge theories - In: The Rise of the Standard Model, Eds. L. Hoddeson, L. Brown, M. Riordan, M. Dresden, Cambridge Univ. Press 1997, 179-198.

Welling, M. - The torus universe in the polygon approach to (2+1)-dimensional gravity - Class. Quant. Grav. 14 (1997) 929-943 (gr-gc/9606011).

Welling, M. - One-particle Hilbert space of 2+1 dimensional gravity using non-commuting coordinates - Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.) 57B (1997) 346-349 (gr-gc/9703057).

Welling, M. - Two particle quantum mechanics in 2+1 gravity using non-commuting coordinates - Class. Quant. Grav. 14 (1997) 3313-3326 (gr-gc/9703058).

377 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 11 : Quantum Gravity, Strings and Elementary Particles Program Leader : Dr. R. Loll

1998 (refereed) Aarts, G. and J. Smit - Classical approximation for time-dependent quantum field theory: diagrammatic analysis for hot scalar fields - Nucl. Phys. B511 (1998) 451-478 (hep- ph/9707342).

Aarts, G. and J. Smit - Nonequilibrium dynamics with fermions on a lattice in space and time - Proc. of the 5th International Workshop on Thermal Field Theories and Their Applications, Regensburg, Germany, 10-14 Aug 1998 (hep-ph/9811469).

Aarts, G. - The classical approximation for real-time scalar field theory at finite temperature - Proc. of the 5th International Workshop on Thermal Field Theories and Their Applications, Regensburg, Germany, 10-14 Aug 1998 (hep-ph/9811469).

Aarts, G. - Renormalizability of hot classical field theory - Proc. of the Eötvös Conference in Science: Strong and Electroweak Matter (SEWM 97), Eger, Hungary, 21-25 May 1997, World Scient. Publ., Singapore (1998) 267-271 (hep-ph/9707440).

Ambjørn, J. and R. Loll - Non-perturbative Lorentzian quantum gravity, causality and topology change - Nucl. Phys. B 536 (1998) 407-434 (hep-th/9805108).

Banerjee, M. and J.A. Tjon - Role of tensor force in nuclear matter saturation - Phys. Rev. C58 (1998) 2120-2125 (nucl-th/9711029).

Behrndt, K., G. Cardoso, B. de Wit, D. Lüst, T, Mohaupt, W.A. Sabra - Higher-order black- hole solutions in N=2 supergravity and Calabi-Yau string backgrounds - Phys. Lett. B429 (1998) 289-296 (hep-th/9801081).

Cardoso, G. and T. Mohaupt - Dual heterotic black holes in four and two dimensions - Phys. Lett. B435 (1998) 277-283 (hep-th/9806036).

Cardoso, G. - Charged heterotic black holes in four and two dimensions - Phys. Lett. B432 (1998) 65-68 (hep-th/9804064).

Ceccatto, A., H. Navone and H. Waelbroeck - Modeling persistent time series with neural networks - Neural Networks 11 (1998) 145-151.

Claus, P., B. de Wit, M. Faux, B. Kleijn, R. Siebelink, P. Termonia - N=2 supergravity Lagrangians with vector-tensor multiplets - Nucl. Phys. B512 (1998) 148-178 (hep- th/9710212).

De Haro, S. - Non-commutative black-hole algebra and string theory from gravity - Class. Quant. Grav. 15 (1998) 519-535 (gr-qc/9707042).

De Haro, S. - Planckian scattering and black holes - JHEP 10 (1998) 023 (gr-qc/9806028).

De Jaegher, J., B. de Wit, B. Kleijn and S. Vandoren - Special geometry in hypermultiplets - Nucl. Phys. B514 (1998) 553-582 (hep-th/9707262).

378 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 11 : Quantum Gravity, Strings and Elementary Particles Program Leader : Dr. R. Loll

De Wit, B., K. Peeters and J. Plefka - Open and closed supermembranes with winding - Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.) 68 (1998) 206-215 (hep-th/9710215).

De Wit, B., K. Peeters and J.C. Plefka - The supermembrane with winding - Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.) 62A-C (1998) 405-411 (hep-th/9707261).

De Wit, B., and J. Louis - Duality and supersymmetry - Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.) 67 (1998) 117-157.

De Wit, B., K. Peeters and J. Plefka - Superspace geometry for supermembrane backgrounds - Nucl. Phys. B532 (1998) 99-123 (hep-th/9803209).

7 De Wit, B., K. Peeters, J. Plefka and A. Sevrin - The M-Theory two-brane in AdS4 × S and 4 AdS7 × S - Phys. Lett. B443 (1998) 153-158 (hep-th/9808052).

De Wit, B. - Supermembranes and supermatrix theory - in "Theory of Elementary Particles", proc. of the 31st Int. Symp. Ahrenshoop, Sept. 2-6, 1997, Buckow (eds. H. Dorn, D. Lüst, G. Weigt) Wiley-VCH 1998 (hep-th/9802073).

De Wit, B., K. Peeters and J. Plefka - Supermembranes and supermatrix models - in "Beyond the standard model", proc. of the Valencia 97 Workshop, eds. I. Antoniadis, L.E. Ibañez and J.W.F. Valle, World Scient. 1998, 433-439 (hep-th/9712082).

Dijkgraaf, R., E. Verlinde and H. Verlinde - Notes on matrix and micro strings - Nucl. Phys. Proc. Suppl. 62 (1998) 348-362; 67 (1998) 225-250; 68 (1998) 28-54 (hep-th/9709107).

Dorey, N., V.V. Khoze, M.P. Mattis and S. Vandoren – Yang-Mills instantons in the large N limit and the AdS/CFT correspondence - Phys. Lett. B 442 (1998) 145-151 (hep- th/9808157).

Dorey, N., D. Tong and S. Vandoren - Instanton effects in three-dimensional supersymmetric gauge theories with matter - JHEP 9804 (1998) 005 (hep-th/9803065).

Eyras, E. and Y. Lozano - Brane actions and string dualities - in: proc. of 2nd Conference on Quantum aspects of gauge theories, supersymmetry and unification, Corfu, Greece, 21-26 September 1998, 356-364 (hep-th/9812225).

Foda, O. and S. Dasmahapatra - Strings, paths, and Young tableaux - Int. J. Mod. Phys. A, 13 (1998) 501-522 (q-alg/9601011).

Foda, O., K. Misra and M. Okado - Demazure modules and vertex models: The sl(2) case - J. Math. Phys, vol 39 (1998) 1601-1622 (q-alg/9602018).

Hofman, C. and J.-S. Park - Monads, strings and M-theory - Nucl. Phys. B520 (1998) 229- 260 (hep-th/9706130).

379 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 11 : Quantum Gravity, Strings and Elementary Particles Program Leader : Dr. R. Loll

Hofman, C. and E. Verlinde - U-duality of Born-Infeld on the noncommutative two-torus - JHEP 12 (1998) 010 (hep-th/9810116).

Hofman, C., E. Verlinde and G. Zwart - U-Duality invariance of the four-dimensional Born- Infeld theory - JHEP 10 (1998) 020 (hep-th/9808128).

Linden, N., S. Massar, S. Popescu - Purifying noisy entanglement requires collective measurements - Phys. Rev. Lett. 81 (1998) 3271-3282 (quant-ph/9805001).

Loll, R. - Discrete approaches to quantum gravity in four dimensions - Living Reviews in Relativity 13 (1998) (gr-qc/9805049).

Loll. R. - On the diffeomorphism commutators of lattice quantum gravity - Class. Quant. Grav. 15 (1998) 799-809 (gr-qc/9708025).

Martinus, G., O. Scholten and J.A. Tjon - Meson exchange and ∆ isobar currents in proton proton bremsstrahlung - Phys. Rev. C58 (1998) 686-698.

Matschull, H.J. and M. Welling - Quantum mechanics of a point particle in 2+1 dimensional gravity - Class. Quant. Grav. 15 (1998) 2981-3030 (gr-qc/9708054).

Ooguri, H. and K. Skenderis - On the field theory limit of D-instantons - JHEP 11 (1998) 013, (hep-th/9810128).

Pascalutsa, V. and J.A. Tjon - A relativistic dynamical model of π N scattering - Physica A631 (1998) 534c-537c (nucl-th/9709017).

Pascalutsa, V, and J.A. Tjon - Relativistic covariance of quasipotential equations - Phys. Lett. B435 (1998) 245-250 (nucl-th/9711005).

Pascalutsa, V. - Quantization of an interacting spin-3/2 field and the ∆ isobar - Phys. Rev. D58 (1998) 096002 (hep-ph/9802288).

3 Spaltro et al. and J.A. Tjon - The q and pm dependence of the He(e,e'd)p reaction - Phys. Rev. Lett. 81 (1998) 2870-2873.

Stephens, C. and H. Waelbroeck - Analysis of the effective degrees of freedom in genetic algorithms - Phys. Rev. E57 (1998) 3251-3264.

’t Hooft, G. - The self-screening Hawking atmosphere, a different approach to quantum black hole microstates - Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.) 68 (1998) 174-184 (gr-qc/9706058).

’t Hooft, G. - Duality and oblique confinement - In: Confinement, Duality, and Nonperturbative Aspects of QCD. Ed. P. van Baal. NATO ASI Series, 1998 Plenum Press, New York, 379-386.

380 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 11 : Quantum Gravity, Strings and Elementary Particles Program Leader : Dr. R. Loll

’t Hooft, G. - Information and information loss in quantum gravity - Proc. of the Int. Conference on Frontiers in Quantum Physics, 9-11 July, 1997, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Eds. S.C. Lim, R. Abd-Shukor, K.W. Kwek. Springer-Verlag Singapore Pte. Ltd. 1998, 1- 14.

’t Hooft, G. - Quantum information on the black hole horizon - in: Black Holes: Theory and Observation, Proc. W.E. Heraeus Seminar, Bad Honnef, Germany, 18-22-Aug. 1997, 451- 477 (with a contribution to Discussion Session, p. 485), W.E. Hehl et al., eds. (1998).

Tjon, J.A. - Relativity and the nuclear interaction - Proceedings of the XXth Brasilean Meeting, eds. S.R. Souza et al, World Scient. Press, (1998) 194-209.

Welling, M. - Explicit solutions for point particles and black holes in spaces of constant curvature in 2+1-D gravity - Nucl. Phys. B515 (1998) 436-452 (hep-th/9706021).

Welling, M. - Winding solutions for the two particle system in 2+1 gravity - Class. Quant. Grav. 15 (1998) 613-626 (gr-qc/9704067).

Zwart, G. - Matrix theory on non-orientable surfaces - Phys. Lett. B429 (1998) 27-34 (hep- th/9710057).

Zwart, G. - Four-dimensional N=1 ZN × ZM orientifolds - Nucl. Phys. B526 (1998) 378-392 (hep-th/9708040).

1999 (refereed) Aarts, G. and J. Smit - Real-time dynamics with fermions on a lattice - Nucl. Phys. B555 (1999) 355-394 (hep-ph/9812413).

Aarts, G. and J. Smit - Dynamics of fermions and inhomogeneous Bose fields on a real-time lattice - Proc. of Strong and Electroweak Matter'98, NORDITA and Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark, 2-5 December 1998, World Scientific Publ., Singapore (1999) 168- 172 (hep-ph/9902231).

Abel, S.A., J.L.F. Barbon, I.I. Kogan and E. Rabinovici - String thermodynamics in d-brane backgrounds - JHEP 04 (1999) 015 (hep-th/9902058).

Abou-Zeid, M., B. de Wit, D. Lüst and H. Nicolai - Space-time supersymmetry , IIA/B duality and M theory - Phys. Lett. B466 (1999) 144-152 (hep-th/9908169).

Ambjørn, J., K.N. Anagnostopoulos and R. Loll - A new perspective on matter coupling in two-dimensional gravity - Phys. Rev. D 60 (1999) 104035 (hep-th/9904012).

Ambjørn, J, J.L. Nielsen, J. Rolf and R. Loll - Euclidean and Lorentzian quantum gravity – Lessons from two dimensions - J. of Chaos, Solitons and Fractals 10 (1999) 177-195 (hep- th/9806241).

381 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 11 : Quantum Gravity, Strings and Elementary Particles Program Leader : Dr. R. Loll

Barbon, J.L.F. and A. Pasquinucci - Aspects of instanton dynamics in AdS/CFT duality - Phys. Lett. B 458 (1999) 288-296 (hep-th/9904190).

Berman, D.S. and M.K. Parikh - Holography and rotating AdS black holes - Phys. Lett. B463 (1999) 168-173 (hep-th/9907003).

Berman, D.S. - The M-five brane on a torus - In: Quantum Aspects of Gauge theories, Supersymmetry and Unification, proceedings, A. Ceresole, C. Kounnas, D. Lüst and S. Theisen (eds.), Springer Verlag (1999) 398-405.

Buzek, V., R. Derka and S. Massar - Optimal quantum clocks - Phys. Rev. Lett.82 (1999) 2207 - 2210 (quant-ph/98080420).

Cardoso, G.L., B. de Wit and T. Mohaupt - Corrections to macroscopic supersymmetric black-hole entropy - Phys. Lett. B451 (1999) 309-316 (hep-th/9812082).

Claus, P., B. de Wit, M. Faux, B. Kleijn, R. Siebelink and P. Termonia - Vector tensor multiplets - Fortschr. Phys. 47 (1999) 125-132 (hep-th/9801200).

Criscuolo, A. and H. Waelbroeck - Causal set dynamics: A toy model - Class. Quant. Grav. 16 (1999) 1817-1832 (gr-qc/9811088).

De Boer, J., A. Pasquinucci and K. Skenderis - AdS/CFT dualities involving large 2d N=4 superconformal symmetry - Adv. Theor. Math. Phys. 3 (1999) 577-614, (hep-th/9904073).

De Boer, J. and S.L. Shatashvili - Two-dimensional conformal field theories on AdS (2D+1) backgrounds - JHEP 06 (1999) 013 (hep-th/9905032).

De Wit, B., B. Kleijn and S. Vandoren - Special geometry and compactification on a circle - Fortschr. Phys. 47 (1999) 317-323 (hep-th/9801039).

De Wit, B. and J. Louis - Supersymmetry and dualities in various dimensions - Proc. of the Nato Advanced Study Institute on "Strings, Branes and Dualities", Cargèse, May 26-June 14, 1997, eds. L. Baulieu, P. Di Francesco, M. Douglas, V. Kazakov, M. Picco and P. Windey, NATO ASI C520, Kluwer Ac. Publ. 1999, 33-101 (hep-th/9801132).

De Wit, B. - Supermembranes in curved superspace and near-horizon geometries - In: Novelties in String Theory, Göteborg, Sweden, 20-22 August 1998, Eds.: L. Brink, L. Marnelius, World Scientific Publ. Co., Singapore, 1999, 133-150 (hep-th/9902049).

De Wit, B. - Modifications of the area law and N=2 supersymmetric black holes - In: Fundamental Interactions: From Symmetries to Black Holes. (Conference held on the occasion of the "Eméritat" of François Englert, 24-27 March 1999, ed. by J.-M. Frère et al, Univ. Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium, 125-136) (hep-th/9906095).

De Wit, B. - Supermembranes and super matrix models - Sixth Hellenic School and Workshop on Elementary Particle Physics, Corfu, 20-26 Sept. 1998. Quantum Aspects of

382 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 11 : Quantum Gravity, Strings and Elementary Particles Program Leader : Dr. R. Loll

Gauge Theories, Supersymmetry and Unification, Lecture Notes in Physics, LNP525, Springer, 1999, eds. A. Ceresole, C. Kounnas, D. Lüst and S. Theisen, 97-137 (hep- th/9902051).

Dorey, N., T.J. Hollowood, V.V. Khoze, M.P. Mattis and S. Vandoren - Multi-instanton calculus and the AdS/CFT correspondence in N=4 superconformal field theory - Nucl. Phys. B552 (1999) 88-168 (hep-th/9901128).

Dorey, N., T.J. Hollowood, V.V. Khoze, M.P. Mattis and S. Vandoren - Multi-instantons and Maldacena’s conjecture - JHEP 9906 (1999) 023 (hep-th/9810243).

Eyras, E. and Y. Lozano - The Kaluza-Klein monopole in a massive IIA background – Nucl. Phys. B546 (1999) 197-218 (hep-th/9812188).

Henningson M. and K. Skenderis - Weyl anomaly for Wilson surfaces - JHEP 06 (1999) 012, (hep-th/9905163).

Hofman, C.M., and E. Verlinde - Gauge bundles and Born-Infeld on the noncommutative torus - Nucl. Phys. B547 (1999) 157-178 (hep-th/9810219).

Hofman, C.M. and J.-S. Park - Sigma models for bundles on Calabi-Yau: A proposal for matrix string compactifications - Nucl. Phys. B561 (1999) 125-156 (hep-th/9904150).

Martinus, G., O. Scholten and J.A. Tjon - Dilepton production - Few Body Systems 26 (1999) 197-211.

Matschull, H.-J. - Black hole creation in 2+1 dimensions - Class. Quant. Grav. 16 (1999) 1069-1095 (gr-qc/9809087).

Morales, J.F., C.A. Scrucca and M. Serone - Anomalous couplings for D-branes and O- planes - Nucl. Phys. B552 (1999) 291-315 (hep-th/9812071).

Pascalutsa, V. and J.A. Tjon - Lorentz covariance of three-dimensional equations - Few Body Syst. Suppl. 10 (1999) 105-114 (nucl-th/9905062).

Pascalutsa, V. and J.A. Tjon - Relativistic quasipotential equations with U channel exchange interactions - Phys. Rev. C60 (1999) 034005 (nucl-th/9907053).

Pascalutsa, V. and R. Timmermans - Field theory of nucleon to higher spin baryon transitions - Phys. Rev. C60 (1999) 042201 (nucl-th/9905065).

Petkou, A. and K. Skenderis - A non-renormalization theorem for conformal anomalies - Nucl. Phys. B 561 (1999) 100-116 (hep-th/9906030).

Savkli, C., J.A. Tjon and F. Gross - Feynman-Schwinger representation approach to nonperturbative physics - Phys. Rev. C60 (1999) 055210 (hep-ph/9906211).

383 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 11 : Quantum Gravity, Strings and Elementary Particles Program Leader : Dr. R. Loll

Scrucca, C.A. and M. Serone - Anomalies and inflow on D-branes and O-planes - Nucl. Phys. B556 (1999) 197-221 (hep-th/9903145).

Scrucca, C.A. and M. Serone - Gauge and gravitational anomalies in D=4 N=1 orientifolds - JHEP 12 (1999) 024 (hep-th/9912108).

Skenderis, K. and P.K. Townsend - Gravitational stability and renormalization-group flow - Phys. Lett. B468 (1999) 46-51 (hep-th/9909070).

Solodukhin, S.N. - Conformal description of horizon’s states - Phys. Lett. B454 (1999) 213- 222 (hep-th/9812056).

Stephens, C.R. and H. Waelbroeck - Codon bias and mutability in HIV sequences - J. Mol. Evol. 48 (1999) 390-397.

’t Hooft, G. - Counting planar diagrams with various restrictions - Nucl. Phys. B538 (1999) 389-410 (hep-th/9808113).

’t Hooft, G. - When was asymptotic freedom discovered, or: the rehabilitation of quantum field theory - Nucl. Phys. (Proc. Suppl.) 74 (1999) 413-425 (hep-th/9808154).

’t Hooft, G. - Transplanckian particles and the quantization of time - Class. Quant. Grav. 16 (1999) 395-405 (gr-qc/9805079).

’t Hooft, G. - Quantum gravity as a dissipative deterministic system - Class. Quant. Grav. 16 (1999) 3263-3279 (gr-qc/9903084).

’t Hooft, G. - From electrical engineering via magnetical and coloral engineering to gravitational engineering - Closing Lecture, in Fundamental Interactions: from symmetries to black holes (Conference held on the occasion of the "Eméritat" of François Englert, 24-27 March 1999, ed. by J.-M. Frère et al, Univ. Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium, 287-295).

Vazquez-Mozo, M.A. - A note on supersymmetric Yang-Mills thermodynamics - Phys. Rev. D60 (1999) 106010-1/8 (hep-th/9905030).

Waelbroeck, H. and F. Zertuche - Discrete chaos - J. Phys. A: Math Gen 32 (1999) 175-189.

Zwart, G. - U-duality in supersymmetric Born-Infeld theory - JHEP 9906 (1999) 010 (hep- th/9905068).

2000 (refereed) Aarts, G. and J. Smit - Particle production and effective thermalization in inhomogeneous mean field theory - Phys. Rev. D61 (2000) 025002 (hep-th/9902051).

Aarts, G. and J. Smit - Real-time dynamics in the 1+1D Abelian Higgs model with fermions - Proc. of 17th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.) 83-84 (2000) 586-588 (hep-lat/9909040).

384 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 11 : Quantum Gravity, Strings and Elementary Particles Program Leader : Dr. R. Loll

Ambjørn, J., J. Jurkiewicz and R. Loll - A non-perturbative Lorentzian path integral for gravity - Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 (2000) 924-927 (hep-th/ 0002050).

Ambjørn, J., J. Correia, C. Kristjansen and R. Loll - The relation between Euclidean and Lorentzian 2D quantum gravity - Phys. Lett. B 475 (2000) 24-32 (hep-th/9912267).

Ambjørn, J., K.N. Anagnostopoulos and R. Loll - Making the gravitational path integral more Lorentzian, or: life beyond Liouville gravity - Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.) 88 (2000) 241-244 (hep-th/9910232).

Ambjørn, J., K.N. Anagnostopoulos and R. Loll - Crossing the c=1 barrier in 2d Lorentzian quantum gravity - Phys. Rev. D 61 (2000) 044010 (hep-lat/9909129).

Ambjørn, J., K.N. Anagnostopoulos and R. Loll - On the phase diagram of 2d Lorentzian gravity - Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.) 83-84 (2000) 733-735 (hep-lat/9908054).

Ambjørn, J., J. Jurkiewicz and R. Loll - Lorentzian and Euclidean quantum gravity: analytical and numerical results - in: Proceedings of M-Theory and Quantum Geometry, 1999 NATO Advanced Study Institute, Akureyri, Island, eds. L. Thorlacius und T. Jonsson (Kluwer, 2000) 382-449 (hep-th/0001124).

Arcioni, G., J.L.F. Barbon, J. Gomis and M.A. Vazquez-Mozo - On the stringy nature of winding modes in noncommutative thermal field theories - JHEP 0006 (2000) 038 (hep- th/0004080).

Arcioni, G., M.A. Vazquez-Mozo - Thermal effects in perturbative noncommutative gauge theories - JHEP 0001 (2000) 028 (hep-th/9912140).

Barnich, G., M. Henneaux, T. Hurth and K. Skenderis - Cohomological analysis of gauged fixed gauge theories - Phys. Lett. B492 (2000) 376-384 (hep-th/9910201).

Belitsky, A.V., S. Vandoren and P. van Nieuwenhuizen - Yang-Mills and D instantons - Class. Quant. Grav. 17 (2000) 3521-3570 (hep-th/0004186).

Belitsky, A.V., S. Vandoren and P. van Nieuwenhuizen - Instantons, Euclidean supersymmetry and Wick rotations - Phys. Lett. B 477 (2000) 335-340 (hep-th/0001010).

Bergshoeff, E., E. Eyras, R. Halbersma, J.P. van der Schaar, C.M. Hull and Y. Lozano - Space-time filling and strings with sixteen supercharges - Nucl. Phys. B564 (2000) 29-59 (hep-th/9812224).

Berman, D.S. and M.K. Parikh - Confinement and the AdS/CFT correspondence - Phys. Lett. B 483 (2000) 271-276 (hep-th/0002031).

Bonelli, G. and A.M. Boyarsky - Six dimensional topological gravity and the cosmological constant problem - Phys. Lett. B490 (2000) 147-153 (hep-th/0004058).

385 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 11 : Quantum Gravity, Strings and Elementary Particles Program Leader : Dr. R. Loll

Boyarsky, A.M. and T.W. Skrypnik (ITP. Kiev) - Singular orbits of co-adjoint representation of Euclidean groups - Usp. Math. Nauk 55 vol.3 (333) (2000)169 (in Russian).

Cardoso, G.L., B. de Wit and T. Mohaupt - Deviations from the area law for supersymmetric black holes - Fortschr. Physik 48 (2000) 49-64 (hep-th/9904005).

Cardoso, G.L., B. de Wit and T. Mohaupt - Area law corrections from state counting and supergravity - Class. Quant. Grav. 17 (2000) 1007-1015 (hep-th/9910179).

Cardoso, G.L., B. de Wit and T. Mohaupt - Macroscopic entropy formulae and nonholomorphic corrections for supersymmetric black holes - Nucl. Phys. B567 (2000) 87- 110 (hep-th/9906094).

Cardoso, G.L., B. de Wit and J. Käppeli - BPS solutions in N=2 supergravity with R2 interactions – JHEP 0012 (2000) 019 (hep-th/0009234).

De Boer, J. - String theory on AdS backgrounds - Class. Quant. Grav. 17 (2000) 1027-1034.

De Boer, J., J. Evslin, M.B. Halpern, J.E. Wang - New duality transformations in orbifold theory - Int. J. Mod. Phys. A15 (2000) 1297-1344 (hep-th/9908187).

De Boer, J., E. Verlinde and H. Verlinde - On the holographic renormalization group - J. High Energy Phys. 08 (2000) 003 (hep-th/9912012).

De Wit, B., B. Kleijn and S. Vandoren - Superconformal hypermultiplets - Nucl. Phys. B 568 (2000) 475-502 (hep-th/9909228).

De Wit, B. and D. Lüst - BPS amplitudes, helicity supertraces and membranes in M-theory - Phys.Lett. B477 (2000) 299-308 (hep-th/9912225).

De Wit, B. and I. Herger - Anti-de Sitter supersymmetry - Proc. Towards Quantum Gravity, ed. J. Kowalski-Glikman. Lecture Notes in Physics, 541, 79-100. Springer 2000 (hep- th/9908005).

Eyras, E. and Y. Lozano - Exotic branes and nonperturbative seven-branes - Nucl. Phys. B573 (2000) 735-767 (hep-th/9908094).

Eyras, E. and Y. Lozano - Kaluza-Klein monopole and five-brane effective actions - Fortsch. Phys. 48 (2000) 103-106 (hep-th/9902206).

Feinstein, A., K.E. Kunze and M.A. Vazquez-Mozo - Entropy generation and inflation in wave collision induced prebig bang cosmology - Phys. Lett. B491 (2000) 190-198 (hep- th/0004094).

386 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 11 : Quantum Gravity, Strings and Elementary Particles Program Leader : Dr. R. Loll

Feinstein, A., K.E. Kunze and M.A. Vazquez-Mozo - Initial conditions and the structure of the singularity in pre-big bang cosmology - Class. Quant. Grav.17 (2000) 3599-3616 (hep- th/0002070).

Feinstein, A. and M.A. Vazquez-Mozo - M theory resolution of four-dimensional cosmological singularities - Nucl.Phys. B568 (2000) 405-420 (hep-th/9906006).

Figueroa-O'Farrill, J.M. and S. Stanciu - More D-branes in the Nappi-Witten background - JHEP 01 (2000) 024 (hep-th/9909164).

3 3 1 Figueroa-O'Farrill, J.M. and S. Stanciu - D-branes in AdS3 × S × S × S - JHEP 0004 (2000) 005 (hep-th/0001199).

Henningson, M. and K. Skenderis - Holography and the Weyl anomaly - Fortsch. Phys. 48 (2000) 125-128 (hep-th/9812032).

Hurth, T. and K. Skenderis - The quantum Noether condition in terms of interacting fields - in: "New developments in quantum field theory", Springer, eds. P. Breitenlohner, D. Maison and J. Wess (Springer, Berlin), Lect. Notes Phys. 558 (2000) 86- 105, (hep-th/9811231).

Massar, S. and R. Parentani - How the change in horizon area drives black hole evaporation - Nucl. Phys. B575 (2000) 333-356 (gr-qc/9801043).

Maximon, L.C. and J.A. Tjon - Radiative corrections to electron-proton scattering - Phys. Rev. C62 (2000) 054320 (hep-th/9812032).

Parikh, M.K. - Phases of thermal super Yang-Mills - Mod. Phys. Lett. A15 (2000) 655-674, (hep-th/0008155).

Parikh, M.K. and F. Wilczek - Hawking radiation as tunneling - Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 (2000) 5042, (hep-th/9907001).

Pascalutsa, V. and J. A. Tjon - Pion-nucleon interaction in a covariant hadron exchange model - Phys. Rev. C61 (2000) 054003 (nucl-th/0003050).

Ruijgrok, Th.W. - The linear potential and harmonic oscillator in relativistic quantum mechanics - Acta Physica Polonica, B31 (2000) 1655-1689.

Ruijgrok, Th.W. - On localisation in relativistic quantum mechanics - in: A. Borowiec, W. Cegla, B. Jancewicz and W. Karwowski (eds.), "Theoretical Physics Fin de Siecle", Springer Verlag 2000, 50-74.

Savkli, C., F. Gross and J.A. Tjon - Confinement and the analytic structure of the one body propagator in scalar QED - Phys. Rev. D62 (2000) 116006 (hep-ph/9907445).

387 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 11 : Quantum Gravity, Strings and Elementary Particles Program Leader : Dr. R. Loll

Scrucca, C.A., M. Serone – Sigma model symmetry in orientifold models – JHEP 0007 (2000) 025 (hep-th/0006201).

Scrucca, C.A., M. Serone – Anomaly cancellation in K3 orientifolds – Nucl. Phys. B564 (2000) 555-590 (hep-th/9907112).

Simonov, Yu.A. and J.A. Tjon - String formation and chiral symmetry breaking in the heavy-light quark-antiquark system in QCD - Phys.Rev. D62 (2000) 014501 (hep- ph/0001075).

Simonov, Yu.A. and J.A. Tjon - Magnetic string contribution to hadronic dynamics in QCD - Phys. Rev. D62 (2000) 094511 (hep-ph/0006237).

Skenderis, K. - Field theory limit of branes and gauged supergravities - Fortsch. Phys. 48 (2000) 205-208, (hep-th/9903003).

Skenderis, K. and S.N. Solodukhin - Quantum effective action from the ADS /CFT correspondence - Phys. Lett. B472 (2000) 316-322 (hep-th/9910023).

Skenderis, K. - Black holes and branes in string theory - Erice lecture notes, Lect. Notes Phys. 541 (2000) 325-364; Proc. Towards Quantum Gravity, ed. J. Kowalski-Glikman. Lecture Notes in Physics, 541, 325-364 Springer 2000 (hep-th/9901050).

Solodukhin, S.N. - How to make the gravitational action on noncompact space finite - Phys. Rev. D62 (2000) 044016 (hep-th/9909197).

Stanciu, S. - D-branes in group manifolds - JHEP 01 (2000) 025 (hep-th/9909163).

Stanciu, S. - A note on D-branes in group manifolds: flux quantisation and D0-charge. JHEP 0010 (2000) 015 (hep-th/0006145).

’t Hooft, G. - A confrontation with infinity - Nobel Lecture in Physics 1999, Rev. of Mod. Phys. 2 (2000) 333-339.

Tjon, J.A. and S.J. Wallace - Transition from hadronic to partonic interactions for a composite spin-1/2 model of a nucleon - Phys.Rev. C62 (2000) 065202 (nucl-th/0002051).

Tjon, J.A. - Field theory based confining models, Quark confinement and Hadron Spectrum III - ed. N. Isgur, vol. 10, page 113, World Scientific, Singapore (2000).

2001 (refereed) Ambjørn, J., J. Jurkiewicz and R. Loll - Non-perturbative 3d Lorentzian quantum gravity - Phys. Rev. D64 (2001) 044011 (hep-th/0011276).

Ambjørn, J., J. Jurkiewicz and R. Loll - Dynamically triangulating Lorentzian quantum gravity - Nucl. Phys. B610 (2001) 347-382 (hep-th/0105267).

388 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 11 : Quantum Gravity, Strings and Elementary Particles Program Leader : Dr. R. Loll

Ambjørn, J., J. Jurkiewicz, R. Loll and G. Vernizzi - Lorentzian 3d gravity with wormholes via matrix models - JHEP 0109 (2001) 022 (hep-th/0106082).

Ambjørn, J., J. Jurkiewicz and R. Loll - Computer simulations of 3d Lorentzian quantum gravity – Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.) 94 (2001) 689-692 (hep-lat/0011055).

Arcioni, G., S. de Haro and M. O'Loughlin - Boundary description of Planckian scattering in curved spacetimes - JHEP 0107 (2001) 035 (hep-th/0104039).

Bertolini, M., V. L. Campos, G. Ferretti, P. Fré, P. Salomonson and M. Trigiante - Supersymmetric 3-branes on smooth ALE manifolds with flux - Nucl. Phys. B 617 (2001) 3 (hep-th/0106186).

Bertolini, M. and M. Trigiante - Microscopic entropy of the most general BPS black hole for type II/M-theory on tori - Fortsch. Phys. 49 (2001) 657-664.

Bonelli, G. - On the supersymmetric index of the M-theory 5-brane and little string theory - Phys. Lett. B521 (2001) 383-390 (hep-th/0107051).

Bonelli, G. - The geometry of the M5-branes and TQFTs - J. Geom. Phys. 40 (2001) 13-25 (hep-th/0012075).

Boyarsky, A., B. Kulik - A note on the M5 brane anomaly - Phys. Lett. B516 (2001) 171-174 (hep-th/0107041).

Boyarsky, A., A. Marshakov, O. Ruchayskiy, P. Wiegmann, A. Zabrodin - On associativity equations in dispersionless integrable hierarchies - Phys. Lett. B 515 (2001) 483-492 (hep- th/0105260).

Cardoso, G.L., B. de Wit, J. Käppeli and T. Mohaupt - Examples of stationary BPS solutions in N=2 supergravity theories with R2 interactions - Fortsch. Phys. 49 (2001) 557-563 (hep- th/0012232).

Cardoso, G.L., B. de Wit, J. Käppeli and T. Mohaupt - BPS black holes with R2-interactions - Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.) 102 (2001) 187-193.

Dasgupta, A. and R. Loll - A proper-time cure for the conformal sickness in quantum gravity - Nucl. Phys. B606 (2001) 357-379 (hep-th/0103186).

De Boer, J., M.B. Halpern and N.A. Obers - The operator algebra and twisted KZ equations of WZW orbifolds - JHEP 10 (2001) 011 (hep-th/0105305).

De Haro, S., K. Skenderis and S.N. Solodukhin - Gravity in warped compactifications and the holographic stress tensor - Class. Quant. Grav. 18 (2001) 3171-3180 (hep-th/0011230).

389 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 11 : Quantum Gravity, Strings and Elementary Particles Program Leader : Dr. R. Loll

De Haro, S., K. Skenderis, S.N. Solodukhin - Holographic reconstruction of spacetime and renormalization in the AdS/CFT correspondence - Commun. Math. Phys. 217 (2001) 595- 622 (hep-th/0002230).

De Haro, S. - S-matrices for Planckian scattering - Contribution to Progress in String Theory and M-theory, L. Baulieu et al. (eds.), 335-338, Cargèse, 1999, Proc. of NATO-ASI.

De Wit, B. - M-Theory duality and BPS-extended supergravity - Int. J. Mod. Phys. A16 (2001) 1002 (hep- th/0010292).

De Wit, B. and H. Nicolai - Hidden symmetries, central charges and all that - Class. Quant. Grav. 18 (2001) 3095-3112 (hep-th/0011239).

De Wit, B., M. Roček and S. Vandoren - Hypermultiplets, hyperkähler cones and quaternion-kähler geometry - JHEP 0102 (2001) 039 (hep-th/0101161).

De Wit, B. - Electric-magnetic dualities in supergravity - Nucl. Phys. (Proc. Suppl.) 101 (2001) 154-171 (hep-th/0103086).

De Wit, B., M. Roček and S. Vandoren - Gauging isometries on hyperkähler cones and quaternion-Kähler manifolds - Phys. Lett. B511 (2001) 302-310 (hep-th/0104215).

De Wit, B. and A. Marshakov - Electric-magnetic duality and WDVV equations - Theor. Math. Phys. 129 (2001) 1504-1510 (Teor. Mat. Fiz. 129 (2001) 230-238) (hep-th/0105289).

De Wit, B. - BPS states, dualities and membranes in M-Theory - In: Quantization, Gauge Theory and Strings I. Proc. of an int. conference dedicated to the memory of prof. Efim Fradkin, pp. 106-107, eds. A. Semikhatov, M. Vasiliev, V. Zalkin. Scient. World Publ. Co, 2001.

Figueroa-O’Farrill, J.M. and S. Stanciu - D-brane charge, flux quantization and relative (co)homology – JHEP 0101 (2001) 006 (hep-th/0008038).

Fucito, F., J.F. Morales and A. Tanzini - D-instanton probes of N=2 non-conformal geometries – JHEP 07 (2001) 012 (hep-th/0106061).

Gava, E., A.B. Hammou, J.F. Morales and K.S. Narain - D1/D5 systems in N=4 string theories - Nucl. Phys B605 (2001) 17 (hep-th/0012118).

Gava, E., A.B. Hammou, J.F. Morales and K.S. Narain - AdS/CFT correspondence and D1/D5 systems in theories with 16 supercharges - JHEP 0103 (2001) 035 (hep-th/0102043).

Gross, F., C. Savkli and J. Tjon - The stability of the scalar χ2φ interaction - Phys. Rev. D64 (2001) 076008 (nucl-th/0102041).

Hofman, C. and J.S. Park – Cohomological Yang-Mills theories on Kähler 3 folds - Nucl. Phys. B600 (2001) 133-162 (hep-th/0010103).

390 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 11 : Quantum Gravity, Strings and Elementary Particles Program Leader : Dr. R. Loll

Hofman, C. and W.K. Ma - Deformations of topological open strings - JHEP 0101 (2001) 035 (hep-th/0006120).

Loll, R. - Discrete Lorentzian quantum gravity – Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.) 94 (2001) 96- 107 (hep-th/0011194).

Obers, N.A. and B. Pioline - Exact thresholds and instanton effects in string theory - Fortsch. Phys. 49 (2001) 359-375 (hep-th/0101122).

Parikh, M.K. and S.N. Solodukhin - de Sitter brane gravity: from close-up to panorama - Phys. Lett. B503 (2001) 384-393 (hep-th/0012231).

Pascalutsa, V. - Covariant despcription of pion nucleon dynamics - Hadronic J.Suppl.16 (2001) 1-123.

Savonije, I.L. and E.P. Verlinde - CFT and entropy on the brane - Phys. Lett. B507 (2001) 305-311 (hep-th/0102042).

Solodukhin, S.N. - Boundary conditions and the entropy bound - Phys. Rev. D63 (2001) 044002 (gr-gc/0009103).

’t Hooft, G. - Obstacles on the way towards the quantisation of space, time and matter and possible resolutions - Stud. Hist. Phil. Mod. Phys. Vol 32 no. 2 (2001) 157 – 180. Elsevier Science Ltd. PH: S1355 - 2198 (01) 00008-9.

’t Hooft, G. - Can there be physics without experiments? Challenges and pitfalls - Int. J. Mod. Phys. A, Vol. 16, No.17 (2001) 2895-2908.

Tjon, J.A. - Nonperturbative approach to field theory - Nucl. Phys. A684 (2001) 44.

Vandoren, S. and P. van Nieuwenhuizen - New instantons in the double-well potential - Phys. Lett. B 499 (2001) 280-286 (hep-th/0010130).

Zhou, Z.-L., J.A. Tjon et al. - Relativistic effects and two-body currents in the 2H(e,e'p)n reaction - The MIT-Bates OOPS Collaboration, Phys. Rev. Lett. 87 (2001) 172301 (nucl- ex/0105006).

2002 (refereed) Abou-Zeid, M. and H. Samtleben, Chern-Simons vortices in supergravity, Phys. Rev. D65 (2002) 085016, (hep-th/0112035).

Ambjørn, J., J. Jurkiewicz and R. Loll, 3-D Lorentzian dynamically triangulated quantum gravity, Nucl. Phys. B (Proc.Suppl.) 106 (2002) 980-982, (hep-lat/0201013).

Ambjørn, J., A. Dasgupta, J. Jurkiewicz and R. Loll, A Lorentzian cure for Euclidean troubles, Nucl. Phys. B (Proc.Suppl.) 106 (2002) 977-979, (hep-th/0201104).

391 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 11 : Quantum Gravity, Strings and Elementary Particles Program Leader : Dr. R. Loll

Anguelova, L., M. Roček and S. Vandoren, Hyperkähler cones and orthogonal Wolf spaces, JHEP 0205 (2002) 064, (hep-th/0202149).

Banerjee, M.K. and J.A. Tjon, Relativistic and nonrelativistic studies of nuclear matter, Nucl. Phys. A708 (2002) 303-311, (nucl-th/0101008).

Berg, M. and H. Samtleben, Holographic correlators in a flow to a fixed point, JHEP 0212 (2002) 070, (hep-th/0209191).

Berg, M. and H. Samtleben, An exact holographic RG flow between 2d conformal fixed points, JHEP 0205 (2002) 006, (hep-th/0112154).

Bergshoeff, E., S. Cucu, T. De Wit, J. Gheerardyn, R. Halbersma, S. Vandoren and A. Van Proeyen, Superconformal N=2, D=5 matter with and without actions, JHEP 0210 (2002) 045, (hep-th/0205230).

Bertolini, M., T. Harmark, N.A. Obers and A. Westerberg, Non-extremal fractional branes, Nucl. Phys. B632 (2002) 257-282, (hep-th/0203064).

Bertolini, M., V.L. Campos, G. Ferretti, P. Fré, P. Salomonson and M. Trigiante, BPS 3- brane solution on smooth ALE manifold with flux, Fortschr. Phys. 50 (2002) 8-9, 802-807.

Blumenhagen, R., V. Braun, B. Körs and D. Lüst, Orientifolds of K3 and Calabi-Yau manifolds with intersecting D-branes, JHEP 0207 (2002) 026, (hep-th/0206038).

Blumenhagen, R., B. Körs, D. Lüst and T. Ott, Hybrid inflation in intersecting brane worlds, Nucl. Phys. B 641 (2002) 235, (hep-th/0202124).

Blumenhagen, R., B. Körs and D. Lüst, Moduli stabilization for intersecting brane worlds in type 0’ string theory, Phys. Lett. B 532 (2002) 141, (hep-th/0202024).

Blumenhagen, R., B. Körs, D. Lüst and T. Ott, Intersecting brane worlds on tori and orbifolds, Fortsch. Phys. 50 (2002) 843-850, (hep-th/0112015).

Cozma, M.D., G.H. Martinus, O. Scholten, R.G.E. Timmermans and J.A. Tjon, Covariant model for proton-proton bremsstrahlung: comparison with high precision data, Phys. Rev. C65 (2002) 024001, (nucl-th/0111039).

Curio, G., B. Körs and D. Lüst, Fluxes and branes in type II vacua and M-theory geometry with G(2) and spin(7) holonomy, Nucl. Phys. B 636 (2002) 197-224, (hep-th/0111165).

Di Giacomo, A., H.G. Dosch, V.I. Shevchenko and Yu.A. Simonov, Field correlators in QCD: theory and applications, Phys. Rept. 372 (2002) 319-368, (hep-ph/0007223).

Dittrich, B. and R. Loll, A hexagon model for 3-d Lorentzian quantum cosmology, Phys. Rev. D66 (2002) 084016, (hep-th/0204210).

392 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 11 : Quantum Gravity, Strings and Elementary Particles Program Leader : Dr. R. Loll

Fischbacher, T., H. Nicolai and H. Samtleben, Vacua of maximal gauged D=3 supergravities, Class. Quant. Grav. 19 (2002) 5297-5333, (hep-th/0207206).

Fré, P., M. Trigiante and A. Van Proeyen, Stable de Sitter vacua from N = 2 supergravity, Class. Quant. Grav. 19 (2002) 4167-4194, (hep-th/0205119).

Gava, E., A.B. Hammou, J.F. Morales and K.S. Narain, D1 D5 systems and AdS/CFT correspondences with sixteen supercharges, Fortschr. Phys. Vol. 50, No 8-9 (2002) 890, (hep-th/0201265).

Groot Nibbelink, S. and B.J.W. van Tent, Scalar perturbations during multiple-field slow- roll inflation, Class. Quant. Grav. 19 (2002) 613-640, (hep-ph/0107272).

Halpern, M.B. and N.A. Obers, Two large examples in orbifold theory: Abelian orbifolds and the charge conjugation orbifold on SU(n), Int. J. Mod. Phys. A17 (2002) 3897-3962, (hep-th/0203056).

Harris, B.W., E. Laenen, L. Phaf, Z. Sullivan and S. Weinzierl, The fully differential single- top-quark cross section in next-to-leading order QCD, Phys. Rev. D66 (2002) 054024, (hep- ph/0207055).

Manojlovic, N. and H. Samtleben, Schlesinger transformations and quantum R-matrices, Commun. Math. Phys. 230 (2002) 517-537, (nlin.si/0112016).

Morales, J.F. and M. Trigiante, Walls from fluxes: An analytic RG-flow, JHEP 0202 (2002) 018, (hep-th/0112059).

Morales, J.F. and H. Samtleben, Supergravity duals of matrix string theory, JHEP 0208 (2002) 042, (hep-th/0206247).

Savkli, C., F. Gross and J. Tjon, The role of interaction vertices in bound state calculations, Phys. Lett. B531 (2002) 161-166, (nucl-th/0202022).

Shevchenko, V.I., On the pattern of Casimir scaling violation in gluodynamics, Phys. Lett. B550 (2002) 85-96, (hep-ph/0210033).

Shevchenko, V.I. and Yu.A. Simonov, Interaction of Wilson loops in confining vacuum, Phys. Rev. D66 (2002) 056012, (hep-ph/0204285).

Shevchenko, V.I. and Yu.A. Simonov, Operator product expansion and confinement, Phys. Rev. D65 (2002) 074029, (hep-ph/0109051).

Simonov, Yu.A. and J.A. Tjon, The Feynman-Schwinger representation in QCD, Annals Phys. 300 (2002) 54-87, (hep-ph/0205165).

393 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 11 : Quantum Gravity, Strings and Elementary Particles Program Leader : Dr. R. Loll

Simonov, Yu.A., J.A. Tjon and J. Weda, Baryon magnetic moments in the effective quark Lagrangian approach, Phys. Rev. D65 (2002) 094013, (hep-ph/0111344).

Skenderis, K. and M. Taylor, Branes in AdS and pp-wave spacetimes, JHEP 0206 (2002) 025, (hep-th/0204054).

Spaltro, C.M. and J. Tjon et. al., The 3He(e, e´d)P reaction in (q,ω) constant kinematics, Nucl. Phys. A706 (2002) 403-417, (nucl-ex/0201011).

Theis, U. and S. Vandoren, Instantons in the double tensor multiplet, JHEP 0209 (2002) 059, (hep-th/0208145).

’t Hooft, G., "Large N", in phenomenology of large Nc QCD, Proceedings of the Institute for Nuclear Theory - Vol. 12, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA 9 - 11 January 2002, World Scientific. pp 3-18. ISBN 981-238-096-5, (hep-th/0204069).

2002 (submitted to a refereed journal and not yet published as of 31 December 2002) Anastopoulos, C., Spin statistics theorem and geometric quantisation, (quant-ph/0110169). Submitted to: Int. J. Mod. Phys. A.

Anastopoulos, C., Quantum processes on phase space, (quant-ph/205132). Accepted for publication in: Annals of Physics.

Anastopoulos, C., Quantum vs stochastic processes and the role of complex numbers, (gr- qc/0208031). Accepted for publication in: Int. J. Theor. Phys. 2003.

Arcioni, G., M. Blau and M. O'Loughlin, On the boundary dynamics of Chern-Simons gravity, (hep-th/0210089). Submitted to: JHEP.

Arcioni, G, M. Carfora, C. Dappiaggi and A. Marzuoli, The WZW model on random Regge triangulations, (hep-th/0209031). Submitted to: Nucl. Phys. B.

Arcioni, G., Aspects of 3d gravity and holography, To appear in Proceedings of the 15th Sigrav conference on general relativity and gravitational phyisics Villa Mondragone, Rome, September 9-12, 2002.

Berg, M., M. Haack and H. Samtleben, Calabi-Yau fourfolds with flux and supersymmetry breaking, (hep-th/0212255). Submitted to: JHEP.

Bornsen, J.P. and A.E.M. van de Ven, Three-loop Yang-Mills beta function via the covariant background field method, (hep-th/0211246). Accepted for publication in: Nucl. Phys. B.

394 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 11 : Quantum Gravity, Strings and Elementary Particles Program Leader : Dr. R. Loll

Bruzzo, U., F. Fucito, J.F. Morales and A. Tanzini, Multi-instanton calculus and equivariant cohomology, (hep-th/0211108). Submitted to: Nucl. Phys. B.

Costa-Santos, R. and B.M. McCoy, Finite size corrections for the Ising model on higher genus triangular lattices, (cond-mat/0210059). Submitted to: J. of Stat. Phys.

De Wit, B., Supergravity, Lectures presented at the 2001 Les Houches Summerschool, (hep- th/0212245). To be published in the Proceedings (Springer).

De Wit, B., H. Samtleben and M. Trigiante - On Lagrangians and gaugings of maximal supergravities - Nucl. Phys. B655 (2003) 93-126 (hep-th/0212239).

De Wit, B. and J. Käppeli - On a gauge invariant description of soliton dynamics –Fortschr. Phys. 51 (2003) 690-696 (hep-th/0211228).

Dijkgraaf, R., E. Verlinde and M. Vonk, On the partition sum of the NS five-brane, (hep- th/0205281). Submitted to: JHEP.

Käppeli, J., Spacetime diffeomorphisms and the geodesic approximation, Contributed to NATO Advanced Study Institute and EC Summer School on “Progress in String, Field and Particle Theory”, Cargèse, Corsica, France, 25 June - 11 July, 2002, (hep-th/0212249). To appear in the Proceedings.

Kidonakis, N., E. Laenen, S. Moch and R. Vogt, Threshold effects in charm hadroproduction, (hep-ph/0212173). Submitted to: Phys. Rev. C.

Körs, B., The quintic standard model, To be published in: Fortschr. Phys.

Körs, B., Orientifolds with intersecting D-branes, To be published in the Proceedings of the conference SUSY02, The 10th International Conference on Supersymmetry and Unification of Fundamental Interactions, 17-23 June, 2002.

Loll, R., A discrete history of the Lorentzian path integral, (hep-th/0212340). Submitted to: Lecture Notes in Physics (Springer).

Morales, J.F., String theory on Dp-plane waves, (hep-th/0210229). JHEP 0301 (2003) 008.

Morales, J.F. and H. Samtleben, AdS duals of matrix strings, (hep-th/0211278).

395 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 11 : Quantum Gravity, Strings and Elementary Particles Program Leader : Dr. R. Loll

Submitted to: Class. Quant. Grav.

Pankiewicz A. and B. Stefanski, PP-wave light-cone superstring field theory, (hep- th/0210246). Submitted to: Nucl. Phys. B.

Parikh, M., I. Savonije and E. Verlinde, Elliptic deSitterspace: dS/Z2, (hep-th/0209120). Accepted for publication in: Phys. Rev. D.

Shevchenko, V.I. and Yu.A. Simonov - Casimir scaling and models of confinement in QCD - Int. J. Mod. Phys. A18 (2003) 127-157, (hep-ph/0104135).

Simonov, Yu.A. and J.A. Tjon, The Feynman-Schwinger (worldline) representation in perturbative QCD, (hep-ph/0201005). To appear in the Michael Marinov Memorial Volume, 'Multiple Facts of Quantization and Supersymmetry', Eds. M. Olshanetsky and A. Vainshtein, World Scientific.

Skenderis, K. and M. Taylor, Open strings in the plane wave background I: quantization and symmetries, (hep-th/0211011). Submitted to: Nucl. Phys. B.

Skenderis, K. and M. Taylor, Open strings in the plane wave background II: super algebras and spectra, (hep-th/0212184). Submitted to: Nucl. Phys. B.

’t Hooft, G., Perturbative confinement, (hep-th/0207179). To appear in Proceedings of QCD'02, July 2002.

’t Hooft, G., On peculiarities and pit falls in path integrals, (hep-th/0208054). To appear in Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Path Integrals, "From Quarks to Galaxies", Antwerp, May 2002.

’t Hooft, G., Confinement of quarks, To appear in Proceedings of PANIC02, Osaka, Japan, September 30, 2002.

’t Hooft, G., The hidden information in the standard model, To appear in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Frontiers of Science, in honor of C.N. Yang, Tsinghua University, Beijing, June 18, 2002.

’t Hooft, G., Determinism beneath quantum mechanics, (quant-ph/0212095). To appear in Proceedings of "Quo Vadis Quantum Mechanics", Temple University, Philadelphia, September 25, 2002.

’t Hooft, G., Perturbative quantum gravity, To appear in Proceedings of the International Summerschool of Subnuclear Physics, Erice, Aug.-Sept. 2002.

396 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 11 : Quantum Gravity, Strings and Elementary Particles Program Leader : Dr. R. Loll

Vonk, M., The NS five-brane partition sum, To appear in the Proceedings of the summerschool ''Progress in String, Field and Particle Theory'', Cargèse (Corsica), France, 25 June – 11 July, 2002.

Weda, J., Yu.A. Simonov and J.A. Tjon, Baryon magnetic moments in a QCD string model, To appear in the Proceedings (Few-Body Systems Suppl.) of the 18-th European Conf. on Few-Body Problems in Physics (Bled, September 2002).

397 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 11 : Quantum Gravity, Strings and Elementary Particles Program Leader : Dr. R. Loll

398 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 12 : Condensed-Matter Theory, Statistical and Computational Physics Program Leader : Prof. dr.ir. H.T.C. Stoof

2. Documentation per research program

Title of the program Condensed-Matter Theory, Statistical and Computational Physics

Program leader Prof. dr. ir. H.T.C. Stoof Directors Institute for Theoretical Physics (ITF) Prof. dr. G .’t Hooft (from 2002) Prof. dr. B. de Wit (until 2002)

Starting date of the program Formally this program was established when the Research Institute was created in 2001. However, the research in this program dates back from before 1996.

Research area and mission Disordered materials, polymer dynamics, granular media, chaos theory, surface phase transitions, nucleation, spinor condensates, BCS superfluids and superconductivity, topological excitations, Bose-Einstein condensation, and ultracold atomic gases. The program is directed towards obtaining a fundamental understanding of macroscopic phenomena on the basis of microscopic many-body theory. Both quantum-mechanical phenomena, such as superconductivity, superfluidity, Bose-Einstein condensation, quantum magnetism and quantum computation, and more classical phenomena, such as chaos and transport, granular matter, crystal surfaces, polymer dynamics and disordered materials, are studied.

Formal affiliations outside Dutch Research School of Theoretical Physics the Research Institute

2.1. Leadership The program leader has the overall responsibility for the program, both with respect to the quality and the cohesion of the research and with respect to the budget that is provided by the Faculty. He is responsible for the internal coordination and cooperation within the program, for organizing the human resources and for maintaining and developing the external contacts. This is in close collaboration with the chair holders and other project leaders. Together with the leaders of the other research programs he discusses the general policies of the Research Institute at regular meetings and makes recommendations to the director. The program leader represents the program in the planning and control session that is organized by the Faculty Board once a year, where the plans and budget request for the coming year are presented. The presentations form the basis for the budget allocations made by the Faculty Board for the subsequent year.

399 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 12 : Condensed-Matter Theory, Statistical and Computational Physics Program Leader : Prof. dr.ir. H.T.C. Stoof

This program is one of the two programs in the Research Institute for Theoretical Physics (ITF). The tasks of its director do not interfere with the above responsibilities of the program leader. See also: Part A, 1.2.

2.2. Strategy and policy The general goal of the program is to obtain a fundamental understanding of macroscopic phenomena on the basis of microscopic many-body theories. Within the program a division can be made into topics that are intrinsically of a quantum-mechanical nature and topics that require only classical theory. The former include the quantum-Hall effects, superconductivity and superfluidity, Bose-Einstein condensation, quantum magnetism and quantum computation. The latter are, among others, the relationship between chaos and transport, granular matter, crystal surfaces, polymer dynamics, and disordered materials.

The program thus covers a large number of research topics. It shows a strong cohesion, because in all cases we deal with a many-body system of which the microscopic details are known and the macroscopic properties are to be determined. As a result mean-field theory, renormalization-group theory, and the scaling theory of critical phenomena play a central role. Moreover, in many cases not only the static or equilibrium behavior of the system is of interest, but also its dynamical properties. Determining these requires the use of the sophisticated and rather universal methods of nonequilibrium statistical physics. Some examples are kinetic theory and the theory of stochastic processes.

As expected from a program in theoretical condensed-matter and statistical physics, there are many contacts with experiments. These embody explanations of existing experiments, predictions for possible new experiments, and explorations of properties of theoretical models that share essential features with experimental systems. In the former case a direct comparison with experimental data can usually only be made after the theory has been tailored to the specific details of the experiment of interest. This often requires numerical means at some stage. Throughout the program, therefore, closely related numerical methods are used to explore the physical consequences of the theories used in regimes which are most relevant to experiment and where analytical means are often no longer adequate. Sometimes this requires the development of new computational techniques.

During the last seven years the program has undergone major changes. In agreement with the policy of the Faculty, the quantum-mechanical component of the program was strengthened considerably. P.C.E. Stamp and H.T.C. Stoof were appointed as full professors in 1999, and F. Zhou was attracted as assistant professor in 2000. For a complete picture of this part of the program it should also be mentioned that J.E.J.M. van Himbergen occupied the position of Dean of the Faculty full-time from October 1, 1997, until July 1, 2001. Within the classical part of the program, M.H. Ernst retired at the end of 2000 and no successor is presently foreseen for his position. It was thus important to prevent a subcritical size of these activities, with H. van Beijeren as the sole full professor. Therefore, G.T. Barkema was attracted as associate professor in 1998. Furthermore, R. van Roij was granted a FOM “springplank” position in 1999, which he chose to fulfill as a member of the present program. Due to these changes there has been a considerable change in the research topics. As compared to the

400 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 12 : Condensed-Matter Theory, Statistical and Computational Physics Program Leader : Prof. dr.ir. H.T.C. Stoof previous visitation, there is now much more emphasis on glassy systems, soft-condensed matter and polymer physics.

The adjunct professors T. Janssen, L.F. Feiner and H.J.F. Knops also participate in the program. They bring in expertise on quasicrystals, high-temperature superconductivity, (dynamical) critical phenomena, and conformal field theory. Moreover, their presence adds to the lively research atmosphere and the cohesion within the program.

The above composition was well tailored for achieving the research objectives of the program. At the end of 2001 P.C.E. Stamp resigned from the Utrecht faculty and returned to the University of British Columbia (Vancouver). An informal search committee was set up to identify a suitable candidate that can fill the resulting opening in the program.

2.3. Processes in research, internal and external collaboration As is common in a program in theoretical physics, the research is conducted within a number of smaller units headed by an assistant, associate, or full professor. Within these units usually several PhD students and postdoctoral fellows collaborate closely with the leader of the research unit on a certain modern and internationally challenging topic within the general area of condensed-matter, statistical and computational physics. In first approximation the various units within the program operate independently of each other. In particular, the research units have their own national and international contacts with experimental and other theoretical groups around the world. The leader of the research unit is also responsible for the supervision and training of the junior researchers. All units organize on a weekly basis group meetings in which information about research results are being shared between the members.

Of course, the field of condensed-matter physics, statistical and computational physics allows for many possibilities of cross-fertilization. To stimulate this several initiatives have been, and are being, taken. On a weekly basis both a general condensed-matter seminar and a condensed-matter journal club are being organized, in which all the members of the program participate. Every other week the Institute for Theoretical Physics invites also a guest for the speaker seminar. Moreover the quantum gravity, strings and elementary particles program in the Institute for Theoretical Physics also organizes various weekly seminars. Apart from these meetings, the interactions with the adjunct professors, the emeriti, the members of the quantum gravity, strings and elementary particles program, the Kramers professor and other long-term visitors add to the lively atmosphere of the program, in which there is ample opportunity to discuss in detail the problems and results of each others research projects.

The quality control of the program takes place at two levels. There is an annual planning and control cycle with the Faculty Board in which the program leader on the one hand discusses and justifies the policy of the program in the previous year and on the other hand presents the plans for the future. In this way the program must ensure the investment of research funds, and PhD and postdoctoral positions by the Faculty in the forthcoming year. Most of the research funds, and PhD and postdoctoral positions of the program are, however, acquired by applying for grants with various national and international funding agencies outside the Department of Physics and Astronomy. The most important of these funding agencies are the

401 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 12 : Condensed-Matter Theory, Statistical and Computational Physics Program Leader : Prof. dr.ir. H.T.C. Stoof

Foundation for Fundamental Research on Matter (FOM) and the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO). As a result, international referees and review panels constantly monitor the quality of the research performed within the program.

2.4. Academic reputation Prizes, Awards N.G. van Kampen - The 2001 Leopoldo Garcia-Colin Gold Medal (Universidad Autonomia de Mexico). P.C.E. Stamp - Killam Research Prize 2000 (Izaak Walton Killam foundation, Halifax, Canada). H.T.C. Stoof - Recipient of the NWO VICI (Innovative Research Incentive Scheme) grant, 2003-2008.

Guest professorships H.T.C. Stoof - Visiting Professor at Rice University, Houston, Texas, U.S.A. October - December 1996. - Visiting Professor at the University of Innsbrück, Austria. June 1997. - Visiting Professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A. April - May 2001.

Editorships M.H. Ernst - Member editorial board Transport Theory and Statistical Physics. January 1990 – present. - Member editorial board Physica A. January 1992 – January 2002. - Co-editor of Europhysics Letters. January 1997 – present. H.T.C. Stoof - Member of the editorial board of Physical Review A. January 2001 – present.

Board/Executive Memberships J.E.J.M. van Himbergen - Dean Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Utrecht University. January 1995 – July 2001. - Chair “Kamer Natuurkunde”, VSNU. January 1995 – June 2001. - Member Advisory Board of Physics and Astronomy, KNAW. January 2000 – present. - July 2001 – present: Dean of International Affairs, Utrecht University. H.T.C. Stoof - Scientific Director of the Dutch Research School of Theoretical Physics. October 1999 – present.

402 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 12 : Condensed-Matter Theory, Statistical and Computational Physics Program Leader : Prof. dr.ir. H.T.C. Stoof

2.5. Internal evaluation and analysis, perspectives and expectations for the research program Strengths. The most important strength lies in the internationally recognized quality of the program’s staff members. The program works on a broad range of research topics covering both quantum and classical condensed-matter systems. This creates a stimulating and productive environment. The presence of the Quantum Gravity, Strings and Elementary Particles program in the Institute for Theoretical Physics adds to this. The program’s participation in the international master program in Theoretical Physics in important in educating good future PhD students. The permanent staff members are relatively young, which gives the program much potential for the future.

Weaknesses. The main weakness at the moment lies in the subcritical size of the quantum condensed-matter part of the program. The unfulfilled full professor position is felt particularly strongly in this part of the program, because of the focus of the masters program on that field. Another full professor in the condensed-matter field is only partly available due to the fact that he is the UU Dean of International Affairs.

Opportunities. The experimental developments in the Debye Institute on colloidal physics, disordered materials, and Bose-Einstein condensation provide the program with an important opportunity. Strengthening the ties with these experimental groups is vital. In view of the increasing trend of multidisciplinary research at Utrecht University more contacts in the areas of polymer physics and biophysics are strived for. Participation in the masters program Theoretical Physics – the largest in The Netherlands – provides an excellent position to attract and train high-quality PhD students and identify candidates for VIDI grants. The awarding of the VICI grant makes it possible to sustain an increased number of PhD students, postdoctoral fellows, and visitors in the coming years. The award can also be used to organize several workshops.

Threats. The most urgent concern is filling the vacant position in the quantum condensed- matter part of the program. A general concern of the program is the possibility that young permanent staff members leave for research positions elsewhere. To avoid this in the future it is important to offer the junior staff members career opportunities. This cannot be achieved by the program itself, but requires support of the Department.

2.6. External validation The research within the program is mostly of a fundamental nature, but the research items are selected with a strong preference for experimentally realizable systems. Concrete examples are our research efforts in Bose-Einstein condensation performed in close collaboration with the experimental groups in Boulder (JILA), Houston (Rice) and the Debye Institute, our efforts in polymer dynamics performed in close collaboration with the NIZO (Dutch Institute for dairy research), and our efforts in colloidal systems performed in close collaboration with experimentalists in the Debye Institute.

403 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 12 : Condensed-Matter Theory, Statistical and Computational Physics Program Leader : Prof. dr.ir. H.T.C. Stoof

Possible applications, to which research in our program contributes, range from the fabrication of more efficient solar cells, various industrial processes in which granular matter plays a role, atomic clocks, atom lasers, more refined food products, and optical band gap materials. On a longer time scale another application is quantum computing. With the latter application in mind, a successful workshop on the topic of decoherence was organized in the Spinoza Institute by a joint effort of both programmes within the Institute for Theoretical Physics.

2.7. Researchers and other personnel The recruitment, selection, and training of PhD students and postdoctoral fellows are the responsibility of the leader of the research unit in which these junior researchers will function or function. Nowadays the recruitment is usually a rather informal process, in which possible candidates make direct contact with the unit leader. The latter makes a final decision on the basis of, amongst others, the curriculum vitae of the candidate, a number of letters of recommendation, and an interview with the candidate. Every year we receive a large number of such applications, of which only relatively few can be accepted in view of the number of positions available in the program. It is one of the tasks of the leader of the research unit to make sure that the junior members of his/her unit participate every year in a few national and international meetings, workshops, or conferences. In this context the national seminars on condensed-matter physics and statistical physics are worth mentioning.

Part of the training of the PhD students is carried out by the Dutch Research School of Theoretical Physics, which organizes every year a school on condensed-matter physics. Moreover, the PhD students, and also the postdoctoral fellows for that matter, profit from the courses that are taught in the master program in Theoretical Physics. The efficiency of the PhD program can be determined from the fact that on average the degree is obtained within 48.4 months. So it is fair to say that most of our PhD students finish their thesis within the duration of their four-year position. During the review period, no students have dropped out from the PhD program.

Table 3: Condensed-Matter Theory, Statistical Computational Physics Research staff at program level Name and present ‘96 ‘97 ‘98 ‘99 ‘00 ‘01 ‘02 title

Full professors M.H. Ernst 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,50 P.C.E. Stamp 0,05 0,60 0,55 H.T.C. Stoof 0,15 0,60 0,60 0,60 H. van Beijeren 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 J.E.J.M. van 0,40 0,30 0,10 0,20 Himbergen Associate professors G.T. Barkema 0,50 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 H.T.C. Stoof 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,45 Assistant professor F. Zhou 0,15 0,60 0,60 Total tenured staff 2,20 2,30 2,30 2,45 3,05 3,05 2,60

404 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 12 : Condensed-Matter Theory, Statistical and Computational Physics Program Leader : Prof. dr.ir. H.T.C. Stoof

Post-doctoral fellows U. Al Khawaja 0,25 1,00 1,00 0,75 C. Appert 0,67 J.O. Andersen 0,50 1,00 1,00 G. Backx 0,25 0,75 J.C. de Gier 0,83 0,42 B. Farid 0,42 1,00 B. Fine 0,33 1,00 0,92 G. Harel 0,58 0,67 J.P. Martikainen 0,50 O. Mülken 0,92 I.S. Tupitsyn 0,92 1,00 0,08 R. van Roij 0,25 1,00 1,00 1,00 J. Wakou 0,83 1,00 0,17 X. Wang 0,08 1,00 Kramers chair M. den Nijs 0,08 I. Goldhirsch 0,18 R.J. Silbey 0,15 B. Spivak 0,15 B. Widom 0,18 PhD students Total 4,16 4,5 4,5 4,58 5,82 6,97 8,75 Total non tenured 5,08 5,40 5,51 5,67 10,40 14,20 16,83 staff

Total research staff 7,27 7,70 7,81 8,12 13,45 17,25 19,42 This table represents the actual fraction of the fte available for research, the research input of all personnel is quantified on the basis of a fixed standard for each function: full professors 60% associate professors (SDO) 60% assistant professors (DO) 60% post-doctoral fellows 100% PhD students (AIO/OIO’s) 90% The research input is calculated in proportion to the size of the appointment of the researcher involved. In exceptional cases when a staff member has performed duties that have taken up an extra-proportional amount of time, the percentage of time for research has been adapted.

Other program members Adjunct professors Prof. dr. L.F. Feiner (from 11/96) Prof. dr. T. Janssen (until 10/96) Prof. dr. H.J.F. Knops (from 4/97)

Emeritus professors Prof. dr. M.H. Ernst (from 11/00) Prof. dr. Th.W. Ruijgrok Prof. dr. N.G. van Kampen

Visiting staff drs. L. Acedo (University Extremadura Madrid) (from 1/98 until 2/98) dr. R. Brito (University Complutense Madrid) (from 5/99 until 8/99) dr. M. Dubé (McGill University) (from 2/00 until 4/00) dr. T. Gilbert (ULB Brussel) (from 1/96 until 3/96) prof. dr. J.M.H. Levelt Sengers (NIST, Maryland) (from 6/99 until 9/99)

405 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 12 : Condensed-Matter Theory, Statistical and Computational Physics Program Leader : Prof. dr.ir. H.T.C. Stoof

(from 5/00 until 7/00) prof. dr. G. Levine (Hofstra University) (from 9/01 until 10/01) drs. C.A. Marsh (Oxford University) (from 9/96 until 1/97) prof. dr. N. Prokof’ev (University of Massachusetts) (from 6/01 until 7/01) drs. M. Ripoll Hernando (University Complutense Madrid) (from 10/97 until 1/98) (from 10/98 until 1/99) (from 7/99 until 9/99) (from 3/00 until 7/00) prof. dr. J.V. Sengers (University of Maryland) (from 6/99 until 9/99) (from 5/00 until 7/00 dr. O.A. Starykh (Hofstra University) (from 6/01 until 8/01) prof. dr. P. Taylor (Case Western Reserve University) (from 1/96 until 6/96) prof. dr. E. Zaremba (Queens University Kingston) (from 7/98 until 1/99)

2.8. Resources, funding and facilities External funding FOM Funding through several projects in the regular FOM-programs:

Condensed-matter physics - Vortex physics in low-dimensional superconductors and superfluids (J.E.J.M. van Himbergen/H.T.C. Stoof)

Cold atoms - Coherent dynamics of atomic gases (H.T.C. Stoof)

Collective and cooperative statistical physical phenomena - Quantum phases of matter (H.T.C. Stoof) - Collective magnetic dynamics in the quantum regime (P.C.E. Stamp) - Nonequilibrium systems and SRB measures (H. van Beijeren)

Mathematical physics - Nonequilibrium statistical mechanics and dynamical systems (H. van Beijeren)

Softlink: technology-related soft-condensed matter research - The phase-separation kinetics of gelling polymer mixtures (G.T. Barkema)

Structure, function and flow of soft materials - Phase behaviour, structure and dynamics of colloidal suspensions (M.H. Ernst/H. van Beijeren)

Overgangsprogramma statistical physics - Granular flows (M.H. Ernst) Strongly interacting condensed matter - Quantum spin nematic states in spinor Bose-Einstein condensates (F. Zhou)

406 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 12 : Condensed-Matter Theory, Statistical and Computational Physics Program Leader : Prof. dr.ir. H.T.C. Stoof

Structure, function and flow of soft materials - Phase behaviour, structure, and dynamics of colloidal suspensions (R. van Roij)

Additional funding through the FOM-projectruimte: - Mechanisms of decoherence (P.C.E. Stamp) - Dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensates (H.T.C. Stoof) - Low-dimensional Bose gases in optical lattices (H.T.C. Stoof/P. van der Straten)

NWO NWO VICI grant, H.T.C. Stoof (2003-2008).

Quantum phenomena in two-dimensional boson and fermion gases (INTAS 01-0552) Duration: from 01-07-2002 until 01-07-2004 Network coordinator: S. Jaakkola (Univ. of Turku, Turku, Finland) Responsible scientist: H.T.C. Stoof

EU-networks Physics at every scale: postdoctoral research in the Dutch Research School of Theoretical Physics (ERBCHBG-CT-94-0690) Duration: from 01-12-1994 until 30-03-1998 Network coordinator: J.E.J.M. van Himbergen (Universiteit Utrecht) Responsible scientist: G. 't Hooft

Other external funding/formal international cooperation Quantum degenerate dilute systems-Bose-Einstein condensation and beyond (BEC2000+) (European Science Foundation (ESF)) Duration: from 01-01-2000 until 31-12-2003 Responsible scientist: H.T.C. Stoof

Challenges in Molecular simulations: bridging the length and time-scale gap (ESF-PESC) Duration: from 2000 Network coordinators: M. Mareschal, G. Ciccotti and D. Frenkel Responsible scientist: G.T. Barkema

Quantum degenerate dilute systems (ESF-PESC surface program) Duration: 01-12-1999 - 31-12-2003 Network coordinator: M. Wilkins (Universität Potsdam) Responsible scientist: H.T.C. Stoof

407 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 12 : Condensed-Matter Theory, Statistical and Computational Physics Program Leader : Prof. dr.ir. H.T.C. Stoof

Data: Table 4a Condensed-Matter Theory, Statistical and Computational Physics Funding at program level in K€ Funding 1996 19971998 1999 2000 2001 2002 97-02 average Direct funding 373 429 521 592 679 586 530 Research funds 108 116 113 109 415 543 633 321 Contracts 0 00 0 0 0 0 Other

Total 490543 630 1.007 1.222 1.219 852 Table 4a: The funding of the program during the evaluation period in k€.

Table 4b Condensed-Matter Theory, Statistical and Computational Physics Funding at program level in % Funding 1996 1997 19981999 2000 2001 2002 97-02 average Direct funding 76% 79% 83% 59% 56% 48% 62% Research funds 24% 21% 17% 41% 44% 52% 38% Contracts 0% 0%0% 0% 0% 0% 0% Other

Total 100% 100%100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Table 4b: The funding of the program during the evaluation period in %. For an explanation see Research Institute documentation.

2.9. Overview of the results 1. Key publications 1. G.T. Barkema and N. Mousseau, Event-based relaxation of continuous disordered systems, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 4358 (1996).

2. R. van Zon, H. van Beijeren and Ch. Dellago, Largest Lyapunov exponent for many particle systems at low densities, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 2035 (1998).

3. T.P.C. van Noije and M.H. Ernst, Velocity distributions in homogeneous granular fluids: the free and the heated case, Granular Matter 1, 57 (1998).

4. F. Zhou, Quantum phase pumping, Int. Jour. Mod. Phys. B 15, 117 (2001).

5. U. Al Khawaja and H.T.C. Stoof, Skyrmions in a ferromagnetic Bose-Einstein condensate, Nature 411, 918 (2001).

6. R.A. Duine and H.T.C. Stoof, Stochastic dynamics of a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate, Phys. Rev. A 64, 013603 (2001).

408 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 12 : Condensed-Matter Theory, Statistical and Computational Physics Program Leader : Prof. dr.ir. H.T.C. Stoof

2. Dissertations 1996: E. Carlon (category 1) Thermodynamics of crystal surfaces promotor: Prof. dr. H. van Beijeren

1996: A.J.H. Ossendrijver (category 1) Fluctuations and energy balance in solar and stellar dynamos promoters: Prof. dr. M. Kuperus Prof. dr. H. van Beijeren co-promotor: Dr. P. Hoyng

1996: P. Tiesinga (category 1) Critical fluctuations and vortex dynamics in Josephson-junction arrays promotors: Prof. dr. J.E.J.M. van Himbergen Prof. dr. J.V. José

1997: M. Bijlsma (category 1) Quantum degeneracy in a Bose gas promotor: Prof. dr. J.E.J.M. van Himbergen co-promotor: Dr.ir. H.T.C. Stoof

1997: L. Acedo Rodriguez (category 3) Diffusion on euclidean and fractal lattices Universidad de Extremadura, Badajos, Spain promotors: Prof. dr. A. Santos Dr. S. Bravo Yuste Prof. dr. M.H. Ernst

1998: R. Verberg (category 3) Transport properties in concentrated colloidal suspensions Technische Universiteit Delft promoters: Prof. dr. ir. L.A. de Graaf Prof. dr. H. van Beijeren

1998: M. Houbiers (category 1) Bose condensation and Cooper pairing in spin-polarized akali gases promotor: Prof. dr. J.E.J.M. van Himbergen co-promotor: Dr.ir. H.T.C. Stoof

1999: T.P.C. van Noije (category 1) Kinetic and mesoscopic theories of granular fluid promotor: Prof. dr. M.H. Ernst

409 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 12 : Condensed-Matter Theory, Statistical and Computational Physics Program Leader : Prof. dr.ir. H.T.C. Stoof

1999: R.G.M. van der Sman (category 3) Lattice Boltzmann schemes for convection-diffusion phenomena: application to packages of agricultural products Landbouwuniversiteit Wageningen promotors: Prof. dr. ir. G.P.A. Bot Prof. dr. M.H. Ernst

2000: M.J. Bijlsma (category 1) Trapped Bose-Einstein condensed gases out of equilibrium promotor: Prof. dr.ir. H.T.C. Stoof

2000: R. van Zon (category 1) Chaos in dilute hard sphere gases in and out of equilibrium promotor: Prof. dr. H. van Beijeren

2001: R.P. Bikker (category 1) Structure and dynamics of crystal surfaces promotor: Prof. dr. H. van Beijeren co-promotor: Dr. G.T. Barkema

2002: R.L.C. Vink (category 1) Computer simulations of amorphous semiconductors promotor: Prof. dr.ir. W. Lourens co-promotor: Dr. G.T. Barkema

2002: M.S. Ripoll Hernando (category 3) Kinetic theory of dissipative particle dynamics models Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain promotors: Prof. dr. E. Español Prof. dr. M.H. Ernst

3. Numerical Overview of the results Table 5 Program results: output numbers ‘96 ‘97 ‘98 ‘99 ‘00 ‘01 ‘02 Total

1. Academic a. In refereed 34 37 36 28 30 45 36 20* 266 publications Journals

b. other publications

Total 34 37 36 28 30 45 36 20* 266

2. PhD theses 322221 2 14 *Submitted and not yet published as of 31 December 2002

4. Full list of publications (1996-2002) 1996 (refereed)

410 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 12 : Condensed-Matter Theory, Statistical and Computational Physics Program Leader : Prof. dr.ir. H.T.C. Stoof

Abraham, E.R.I., W.I. McAlexander, H.T.C. Stoof and R.G. Hulet - Hyperfine structure in 6 7 photoassociative spectroscopy of ultracold LI2 and Li2 - Phys. Rev. A53 (1996) 3092-3097.

Appert, C., H. van Beijeren, M.H. Ernst and J.R. Dorfman - The thermodynamic formalism in the thermodynamic limit: diffusive systems with static disorder - Phys. Rev. E54 (1996) R1013-R1016.

Barkema, G.T., C. Caron and J.F. Marko - Scaling properties of DC gel electrophoresis of DNA - Biopolymers 38 (1996) 665.

Barkema, G.T. and G.M. Schütz - Magnetophoresis of tagged polymers - Europhys. Lett. 35 (1996) 139.

Barkema, G.T., M.J. Howard and J.L. Cardy - The reaction-diffusion front for A+B→0 in one dimension - Phys. Rev. E 53 (1996) 2017.

Barkema, G.T. and J. McCabe - Monte Carlo simulations of conformal theory predictions for the 3-state Potts model - J. Stat. Phys. 84 (1996) 1067.

Barkema, G.T. and S. Flesia - Two-dimensional oriented self-avoiding walks with parallel contacts - J. Stat. Phys. 85 (1996) 363.

Barkema, G.T. and N. Mouseau - Event-based relaxation of continuous disordered systems - Phys. Rev. Lett. 77 (1996) 4358.

Bijlsma, M. and H.T.C. Stoof - Renormalization group study of Bose-Einstein condensation - Czech. J. Phys. 46 Suppl. S1, (1996) 553-554.

Bijlsma, M. and H.T.C. Stoof - Renormalization group theory of the three-dimensional dilute Bose gas - Phys. Rev. A 54 (1996) 5085-5103.

Breeman, M., G.T. Barkema, M.H. Langelaar, and D.O. Boerma - Computer simulation of metal-on-metal epitaxy - Thin Solid Films 272 (1996) 195.

Bussemaker, H.J. - Analysis of a pattern forming lattice gas automaton: mean field theory and beyond - Phys. Rev. E 53 (1996) 1644-1661.

Bussemaker, H.J. and M.H. Ernst - Microscopic theory for long-range spatial correlations in lattice gas automata - Phys. Rev. E53 (1996) 5837-5851.

Carlon, E. and H. van Beijeren - Networks of steps on crystal surfaces - Phys. Rev. Lett. 76 (1996) 4191-4194.

Carlon, E., H. van Beijeren and G. Mazzeo - Instabilities on crystal surfaces: the two- component body-centered solid-on-solid model - Phys. Rev. E 53 (1996) R5549-R5552.

411 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 12 : Condensed-Matter Theory, Statistical and Computational Physics Program Leader : Prof. dr.ir. H.T.C. Stoof

Dufty, J.W. and M.H. Ernst - Lattice Boltzmann-Langevin equations - Fields Inst. Comm. 6 (1996) 99-107.

Ernst, M.H. and H.J. Bussemaker - Instabilities and patterns - Fields Inst. Comm. 6 (1996) 109-121.

Hagenaars, T.J., J.E. van Himbergen, J.V. José and P.H.E. Tiesinga - Vortex reflections at boundaries of Josephson junction arrays - Phys. Rev. B 53 (1996) 2719-2726.

Houbiers, M. and H.T.C. Stoof - Superfluid properties of atomic 6Li in a magnetic trap - Czech. J. of Phys. 46 (1996) Suppl. S1, 551-552.

Houbiers, M. and H.T.C. Stoof - Stability of Bose condensed atomic 7Li - Phys. Rev. A 54 (1996) 5055-5066.

Howard, M.J. and G.T. Barkema - Shear flows and segregation in the reaction A+B→0 - Phys. Rev. E 53 (1996) 5949.

MacFarland, T., G.T. Barkema and J.F. Marko - Equilibrium phase transitions in a porous medium - Phys. Rev. B 53 (1996) 148.

Mazzeo, G., E. Carlon and H. van Beijeren - Instabilities on crystal surfaces: the two- component BCSOS model - Phys. Rev. E 53 (1996) R5549-R5552.

Mazzeo, G., E. Carlon and H. van Beijeren - Surface phase transitions in two-component systems - Surf. Sci. 352-354 (1996) 960-963.

Newman, M.E.J. and G.T. Barkema - Monte Carlo study of the random-field ising model - Phys. Rev. E 53 (1996) 393.

Spivak, B. and F. Zhou - Resistance of superconductor-normal metal structures - in “Correlated Fermions and Transport in Mesoscopic Systems” edited by T. Martin, G. Montambaux, Editions Frontiers (1996).

Stoof, H.T.C., K. Mullen, M. Wallin and S.M. Girvin - Hydrodynamics of spatially ordered superfluids - Phys. Rev. B 53 (1996) 5670-5682.

Stoof, H.T.C., M. Houbiers, C.A. Sackett and R.G. Hulet - Superfluidity of Spin-Polarized 6Li, Phys - Rev. Lett. 76 (1996) 10-13.

Stoof, H.T.C., M. Bijlsma and M. Houbiers - Theory of interacting quantum gases - J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. 101 (1996) 443-455.

Subramanian, B., G.T. Barkema, E. Speer and J.L. Lebowitz - Numerical study of a one- dimensional interface model - J. Phys. A, Math. Gen. 29 (1996) 7475.

412 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 12 : Condensed-Matter Theory, Statistical and Computational Physics Program Leader : Prof. dr.ir. H.T.C. Stoof

Van Beijeren, H. and E. Carlon - Networks of steps and shape instabilities near missing-row reconstructed facets - in "Thin Films and Phase Transitions on Surfaces'', Proceedings of the Second East-West Surface Science Workshop, M. Michailov (ed.), Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia (1996) 109-121.

Van Beijeren, H., J.R. Dorfman, E.G.D. Cohen, H.A. Posch and Ch. Dellago - Lyapunov exponents from kinetic theory for a dilute, field-driven Lorentz gas - Phys. Rev. Lett. 76 (1996) 1974-1977.

Van Himbergen, J.E., T.J. Hagenaars, J.V. José and P.H.E. Tiesinga - Single vortex dynamics in classical Josephson-junction arrays - Physica B222 (1996) 299-303.

Zhou, F., B. Spivak, N. Taniguchi and B.L. Altshuler - Giant microwave absorption in metallic grains: relaxation mechanism - Phys. Rev. Lett. 77 (1996) 1958.

1997 (refereed) Acedo, L. and M.H. Ernst - Lyapunov exponent of random walkers on a bond-disordered lattice - Physica A 247 (1997) 91-107.

Appert, C., C. Bokel, J.R. Dorfman and M.H. Ernst - Chaotic properties of a one- dimensional Lorentz gas - Physica D 103 (1997) 357-361.

Appert, C., H. van Beijeren, M.H. Ernst and J.R. Dorfman - Thermodynamic formalism and localization in Lorentz lattice gases - J. Stat. Phys. 87 (1997) 1253-1271.

Appert, C., and M.H. Ernst - Chaos properties and localization in Lorentz lattice gases - Physical Review E 56 (1997) 5106-5122.

Barkema, G.T. and M.E.J. Newman - The repton model for gel electrophoresis - Physica A 244 (1997) 25-39.

Bijlsma, M. and H.T.C. Stoof - Variational approach to the dilute Bose gas - Phys. Rev. A 55 (1997) 498-512.

Bijlsma, M.J. and H.T.C. Stoof - Collective modes in supersolid 4He - Phys. Rev. B 56 (1997) 14631-14644.

Carlon, E., G. Mazzeo and H. van Beijeren - A transfer matrix study of the staggered BCSOS model - Phys. Rev. B 55 (1997) 757-770.

Carlon, E. and H. van Beijeren - Shape instabilities near fcc(110) missing-row reconstructed facets - Surface Review and Letters 4 (1997) 829-832.

Côté, R., A.H. MacDonald, L. Brey, H.A. Fertig, S.M. Girvin, and H.T.C. Stoof - Collective excitations, NMR, and phase transitions in Skyrme crystals - Phys. Rev. Lett. 78 (1997) 4825-4828.

413 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 12 : Condensed-Matter Theory, Statistical and Computational Physics Program Leader : Prof. dr.ir. H.T.C. Stoof

Dorfman, J.R. and H. van Beijeren - Dynamical systems theory and transport coefficients: A survey with applications to Lorentz gases - Physica A 240 (1997) 12-42.

Houbiers, M., H.T.C. Stoof and E.A. Cornell - Critical temperature of a trapped Bose gas: Mean-field theory and fluctuations - Phys. Rev. A 56 (1997) 2041-2045.

Houbiers, M., R. Ferwerda, H.T.C. Stoof, W.I. McAlexander, C.A. Sackett, and R.G. Hulet - Superfluid state of atomic 6Li in a magnetic trap - Phys. Rev. A 56 (1997) 4864-4878.

Latz, A., H. van Beijeren and J.R. Dorfman - Lyapunov spectrum and the conjugate pairing rule for a thermostated random Lorentz gas: kinetic theory - Phys. Rev. Lett. 78 (1997) 207- 210.

Lachenmann, S.G., T. Doderer, R.P. Huebener, T.J. Hagenaars, J.E. van Himbergen and P.H.E. Tiesinga - Current-induced vortex dynamics in Jospehson-junction arrays: Imaging experiments and model simulations - Phys. Rev. B 56 (1997) 5564-5571.

Marsh, C.A., G. Backx and M.H. Ernst - Fokker-Planck-Boltzmann equation for dissipative particle dynamics - Europhys. Lett. 38 (6) (1997) 411-415.

Marsh, C., G.Backx and M.H. Ernst - Static and dynamic properties of dissipative particle dynamics - Phys. Rev. E 56 (2) (1997) 1676-1691.

Newman, M.E.J. and G.T. Barkema - Diffusion constant for the repton model of electrophoresis - Phys. Rev. E 56 (1997) 3468.

Olés, A.M., L.F. Feiner, and J. Zaanen - Phase diagram of the spin-orbital model - Acta Phys. Polon. A 92 (1997) 367-370.

Olés , A.M., J. Zaanen and L.F. Feiner - Spin liquid stabilized by orbital degeneracy – Mol. Phys. Rep. 17 (1997) 185-198.

Orza, J.A.G., R. Brito, T.P.C. van Noije and M.H. Ernst - Patterns and long range correlations in idealized granular flows - Int. J. Mod. Phys. C8 (1997) 953-965.

Palasantzas, G. and G. Backx - Fluctuation properties of interfaces and membranes bounded by self-affine surfaces - Phys. Rev. B 55 (1997) 9371-9374.

Palasantzas, G. and G. Backx - Study of fluid interface fluctuations within the generalized Derjaguin approximation - Phys. Rev. B56 (1997) 6478.

Ruijgrok, Th. and M. Ruijgrok - A reaction-diffusion equation for a cyclic system with three components - J. Stat. Phys. 87 (1997) 1145-1164.

Schmicker, D., T. Hibma, K.A. Edwards, P.B. Howes, J.E. MacDonald, M.A. James, M. Breeman and G.T. Barkema - Low-temperature growth of thin Pb layers and the quantum size effect - J. of Phys. 9 (1997) 969.

414 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 12 : Condensed-Matter Theory, Statistical and Computational Physics Program Leader : Prof. dr.ir. H.T.C. Stoof

Stoof, H.T.C. - Initial stages of Bose-Einstein condensation - Phys. Rev. Lett. 78 (1997) 768-771.

Stoof, H.T.C. - Macroscopic quantum tunneling of a Bose condensate - J. Stat. Phys. 87 (1997) 1353-1366.

Tiesinga, P.H.E., T.J. Hagenaars, J.V. José and J.E. van Himbergen - 1/ω flux noise and dynamical critical properties of two-dimensional XY-models - Phys. Rev. Lett. 78 (1997) 519-522.

Tiesinga, P.H.E., T.J. Hagenaars, J.E. van Himbergen and J.V. José - Single-vortex-induced voltage steps in Josephson-junction arrays - J. Phys. Condens. Matter 9 (1997) 1813-1829.

Van Beijeren, H. and E. Carlon - Networks of steps on Au and Pt crystals, the dynamics of crystal surfaces in: "Dynamics of crystal surfaces and interfaces" - P.M. Duxbury and T.J. Pence (eds.), Plenum, New York (1997) 217-230.

Van Beijeren, H., J.R. Dorfman, H.A. Posch and C. Dellago - The Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy for dilute gases in equilibrium - Phys. Rev. E56 (1997) 5272-5275.

Van Kampen, N.G. - Derivation of the quantum Langevin equation - J. of Molecular Liquids 71 (1997) 97-105.

Van Kampen, N.G. and I. Oppenheim - Langevin and master equation in quantum mechanics - J. Stat. Phys. 87 (1997) 1325-1334.

Van Kampen, N.G. - Noise in the current through a membrane - Physica A244 (1997) 414- 425.

Van Kampen, N.G. - Die Fokker-Planck-Gleichung - Physikalische Blätter, (1997) 14-15.

Van Noije, T.P.C., M.H. Ernst, R. Brito and J.A.G. Orza - Mesoscopic theory of granular fluids - Phys. Rev. Lett. 79 (1997) 411-414.

Zhou, F. and B. Spivak - Resistance of superconductor-normal metal-superconductor junctions - JETP Lett. 65 (1997) 369. [Pisma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 65, 347(1997)].

1998 (refereed) Barkema, G.T. and M.E.J. Newman - Monte Carlo algorithms for ice models - Phys. Rev. E57 (1998) 1155-1166.

Barkema, G.T., U. Bastolla, and P. Grassberger - Two-dimensional oriented self-avoiding walks with parallel contacts - J. Stat. Phys. 90 (1998) 1311-1324.

415 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 12 : Condensed-Matter Theory, Statistical and Computational Physics Program Leader : Prof. dr.ir. H.T.C. Stoof

Barkema, G.T. and H.M. Krenzlin - Long-time dynamics of de Gennes' model for reptation - J. Chem. Phys. 109 (1998) 6486-6489.

Barkema, G.T. and N. Mousseau - Identification of relaxation and diffusion mechanisms in amorphous silicon - Phys. Rev. Lett. 81 (1998) 1865-1868.

Barkema, G.T. and M.E.J. Newman - New Monte Carlo algorithms for classical spin systems - in: "Monte Carlo Methods in Chemical Physics", D. Ferguson, J.I. Siepmann, and D.G. Truhlar (eds), Wiley, New York (1998) 483-517.

Barkema, G.T. and N. Mousseau - The activation-relaxation technique: an efficient algorithm for sampling energy landscapes - Proc. VIIIth workshop on computational materials science (1998).

Brito, R. and M.H. Ernst - Extension of Haff's cooling law in granular flows - Europhys. Lett. 45 (5) (1998) 497-502.

Brito, R. and M.H. Ernst - Noise reduction and pattern formation in rapid granular flows - Int. J. of Mod. Phys. C9 (1998) 1339-1351.

De Gier, J. and B. Nienhuis - Bethe Ansatz solution of a decagonal rectangle-triangle random tiling - J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 31 (1998) 2141-2154.

De Gier, J. and B. Nienhuis - Solvable rectangle triangle random tilings - Proc. of the 6th International Conference on Quasicrystals, eds. S. Takeuchi and T. Fujiwara, World Scientific (Singapore), 91-94 (1998).

Dorfman, J.R., A. Latz and H. van Beijeren - Bogoliubov-Born-Green-Kirkwood-Yvon hierarchy methods for sums of Lyapunov exponents for dilute gases - Chaos 8 (1998) 444- 454.

Ernst, M.H. - Bogoliubov Choh Uhlenbeck theory: cradle of modern kinetic theory - in: Progress in Statistical Physics, Proc. Int. Conf. on Statistical Physics in Memory of Prof. Soon-Tahk Choh, Seoul, Korea, 5-7 June, 1997. World Scientific Publ. Co., Singapore, 1998. Eds. W. Sung et al.

Feiner, L.F., A.M. Olés, and J. Zaanen - Quantum disorder versus order-out-of-disorder in the Kugel-Khomskii model - J. Phys. C: Condens. Matter 10 (1998) L555-561.

Grassberger, P., G.T. Barkema and W. Nadler (eds.) - Monte Carlo approach to biopolymers and protein folding - World Scientific, Singapore (1998).

Houbiers, M., H.T.C. Stoof, W.I. McAlexander and R.G. Hulet - Elastic and inelastic collisions of 6Li atoms in magnetic and optical traps - Phys. Rev. 57 (1998) R1497-R1500.

Mousseau, N. and G.T. Barkema - Traveling through potential energy surfaces of disordered materials: the activation-relaxation technique - Phys. Rev. E 57 (1998) 2419-2424.

416 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 12 : Condensed-Matter Theory, Statistical and Computational Physics Program Leader : Prof. dr.ir. H.T.C. Stoof

Olés, A.M. and L.F. Feiner - Magnetic and orbital order in cuprates and manganites - Wissentschaftlicher Tätigkeitsbericht 1997 Max-Planck-Institut für Fest- körperforschung Stuttgart, (1998) I-67-I-70.

Proukakis, N.P., K. Burnett and H.T.C. Stoof: - Microscopic treatment of binary interactions in the nonequilibrium dynamics of partially Bose-condensed trapped gases - Phys. Rev. A 57 (1998) 1230-1247.

Ripoll, M., P. Español and M.H. Ernst - Dissipative particle dynamics with energy conservation: Heat Conduction - Int. J. of Mod. Phys. C9 (1998) 1329-1338.

Ruijgrok, Th.W. - General requirements for a relativistic quantum Theory - Few Body Systems 24 (1998).

Sackett, C.A., H.T.C. Stoof, and R.G. Hulet - Growth and collapse of a Bose-Einstein condensate with attractive interactions - Phys. Rev. Lett. 80 (1998) 2031-2034.

Tan, M.L. and I. Goldhirsch - Rapid granular flows as mesosopic systems - Phys. Rev. Lett. 81 (1998) 3022-3025.

Tilstra, L.G. and M.H. Ernst - Synchronous asymmetric exclusion processes - J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 31 (1998) 5033-5063.

Van Beijeren, H., A. Latz and J.R. Dorfman - Chaotic properties of dilute two- and three- dimensional random Lorentz gases: Equilibrium systems - Phys. Rev. E57 (1998) 4077- 4094.

Van Kampen, N.G. - Three-dimensional diffusion in inhomogeneous media - Superlattices and Microstructures 23 (in honor of Rolf Landauer's 70th birthday) (1998) 559-565.

Van Kampen, N.G. - Remarks on non-Markov processes - Braz. J. Phys. 28 (1998) 89-96.

Van Noije, T.P.C., M.H. Ernst and R. Brito - Ring kinetic theory for an idealized granular gas - Physica A251 (1998) 266-283.

Van Noije, T.P.C., M.H. Ernst and R. Brito - Spatial correlations in compressible granular flows - Phys. Rev. E57 (1998) 4891-4892.

Van Noije, T.P.C. and M.H. Ernst - Velocity distributions in homogeneous granular fluids: the free and the heated case - Granular Matter 1 (1998) 57-64.

Van Zon, R. and Th.W. Ruijgrok - The elliptic billiard: subtleties of separability - European J. of Physics 19 (1998) 77-84.

Van Zon, R., H. van Beijeren and C. Dellago - Largest Lyapunov exponent for many particle systems at low densities - Phys. Rev. Lett. 80 (1998) 2035-2038.

417 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 12 : Condensed-Matter Theory, Statistical and Computational Physics Program Leader : Prof. dr.ir. H.T.C. Stoof

Zhou, F., P. Charlat, B. Pannetier and B. Spivak - Quasi-particle density of states in the superconductor-normal metal-superconductor junctions - J. Low. Temp. Phys. 110 (1998) 841.

Zhou, F. and B. Spivak - Hall effects in SN and SNS junctions - Phys. Rev. Lett. 80 (1998) 3847.

Zhou, F. and B. Spivak - Superconducting glass states in disordered thin films in a parallel magnetic field - Phys. Rev. Lett. 80 (1998) 5647.

Zhou, F. and C. Biagini - Nucleation of superconducting pairing states at mesoscopic scales at zero temperature - Phys. Rev. Lett. 81 (1998) 4188.

Zhou, F. and C. Biagini - Anomalous mesoscopic fluctuations of transport coefficients above critical temperatures - Phys. Rev. Lett. 81 (1998) 4724.

1999 (refereed) Acedo, L. and M.H. Ernst - Dynamical localization of trajectories on a bond-disordered lattice - Physica A262 (1999) 129-143.

Barkema, G.T. and A. Baumgärtner - Reptation of star polymers in a network: Monte Carlo results of diffusion coefficients - Macromolecules 32 (1999) 911-914.

Barkema, G.T. and N. Mousseau - Exploring structural mechanisms in disordered materials using the activation-relaxation technique - Comp. Phys. Commun. 121/122 (1999) 206-209.

Bijlsma, M.J. and H.T.C. Stoof - Collisionless modes of a trapped Bose gas - Phys. Rev. A60 (1999) 3973-3981.

Bikker, R.P. - Dynamical aspects of phase separating processes - Proc. workshop NPT'98, June 29-July 3, 1998, St. Petersburg, Russia. Inorganic Materials (Neorganicheskie Materialy), 35, 6 (1999) 599-600.

De Gier, J. and B. Nienhuis - Exact stationary state for an asymmetric exclusion process with fully parallel dynamics - Phys. Rev. E59 (1999) 4899-4911.

Dettmann, C.P., E.G.D. Cohen and H. van Beijeren - Microscopic chaos from Brownian motion? - Nature 401 (1999) 875-876.

Dijkstra, M., R. van Roij, and R. Evans - Direct simulation of the phase behavior of binary hard-sphere mixtures: test of the depletion potential description - Phys. Rev. Lett. 82 (1999) 117-120.

Feiner, L.F. and A.M. Olés - Electronic origin of magnetic and orbital ordering in insulating LaMnO3 - Phys. Rev. B59 (1999) 3295-3298.

418 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 12 : Condensed-Matter Theory, Statistical and Computational Physics Program Leader : Prof. dr.ir. H.T.C. Stoof

Feiner, L.F. and A.M. Olés - Magnetic and orbital ordering in the manganites - Physica B259-261 (1999) 796-798.

Houbiers, M. and H.T.C. Stoof - Cooper-pair formation in trapped atomic Fermi gases - Phys. Rev. A59 (1999) 1556-1561.

Mousseau, N. and G.T. Barkema - Exploring high-dimensional energy landscapes - Comput. Sci. Eng. 1 (1999) 74-80.

Newman, M.E.J. and G.T. Barkema - Monte Carlo methods in statistical physics - Oxford University Press, Oxford (1999).

Nikuni, T., E. Zaremba and A. Griffin - Two-fluid dynamics for a condensate out of local equilibrium with the non-condensate - Phys. Rev. Lett. 83 (1999) 10-13.

Olés , A.M. and L.F. Feiner - Consequences of orbital degeneracy in insulating and doped manganites - J. Supercond. 12 (1999) 299-302.

Olés , A.M., L.F. Feiner and H. Eskes - Spectral weights in the charge-transfer model - Physica B259-261 (1999) 451-453.

Stoof, H.T.C. - Coherent versus incoherent dynamics during Bose-Einstein condensation in atomic gases - J. of Low Temp. 114 (1999) 11-108.

Stoof, H.T.C. and M. Houbiers - Condensed matter physics with trapped atomic Fermi gases - Proc. Int. School of Physics "Enrico Fermi". Course CXL. M. Inguscio, S. Stringari and C. Wieman (Eds.), IOP Press, Amsterdam 1999, 537-553.

Van der Sman, R.G.M., M.H. Ernst and A.C. Berkenbosch - Lattice Boltzmann scheme for cooling of packed cut flowers - Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer. 43 (4) (1999) 577-587.

Van der Sman, R.G.M. and M.H. Ernst - Diffusion Lattice Boltzmann scheme on a orthorhombic lattice - J. Stat. Phys. 94 (1999) 203-216.

Van Noije, T.P.C., M.H. Ernst, E. Trizac and I. Pagonabarraga - Randomly driven granular fluids: large scale structure - Phys. Rev. E59 (1999) 4326-4341.

Van Zon, R. - Kinetic approach to the Gaussian thermostat in a dilute sheared gas in the thermodynamic limit - Phys. Rev. E60 (1999) 4158-4163.

Zaanen, J., L.F. Feiner and A.M. Olés - Classical frustration and quantum disorder in spin- orbital models - Materials Science and Engineering B63 (1999) 140-146.

Zaremba, E., T. Nikuni and A. Griffin - Dynamics of trapped Bose gases at finite temperatures - J. Low Temp. Phys. 116 (1999) 277-345.

419 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 12 : Condensed-Matter Theory, Statistical and Computational Physics Program Leader : Prof. dr.ir. H.T.C. Stoof

Zhou, F. and Y. B. Kim - Coulomb drag as a signature of the incompressible paired quantum hall state - Phys. Rev. B59 (1999) 7825.

Zhou, F., B. Spivak and B. Altshuler - Mesoscopic mechanism of adiabatic charge transport - Phys. Rev. Lett. 82 (1999) 608.

Zhou, F. - A novel superconducting glass state in disordered thin films in Clogston limit - Int. Jour. Mod. Phys. B13 (1999) 2229-2256.

Zotov, N., M. Marinov, N. Mousseau and G.T. Barkema - Dependence of the vibrational spectra of amorphous silicon on the defect concentration and ring distribution - J. Phys.C: Condens. Matter 11 (1999) 9647-9658.

2000 (refereed) Al Khawaja, U. and H.T.C. Stoof - Kinetic theory of collective excitations and damping in Bose-Einstein condensed gas - Phys. Rev. A62 (2000) 53602.

Barkema, G.T. and N. Mousseau - High-quality continuous random networks - Phys. Rev. B62 (2000) 4985-4990.

Barkema, G.T. and B. Widom - Model of hydrophobic attraction in two and three dimensions - J. Chem. Phys. 113 (2000) 2349-2353.

Bijlsma, M.J. and H.T.C. Stoof - Coherently scattering atoms from an excited Bose-Einstein condensate - Phys. Rev. A62 (2000) 013605.

Bijlsma, M.J., B.A. Heringa, H.T.C. Stoof - Phonon exchange in dilute Fermi-Bose mixtures: tailoring the Fermi-Fermi interaction - Phys. Rev. A61 (2000) 053601.

Bijlsma, M.J., E. Zaremba, H.T.C. Stoof - Condensate growth in trapped Bose gases - Phys. Rev. A62 (2000) 63609.

Bikker, R.P. and G.T. Barkema - Cluster algorithm for Potts models with fixed spin densities - Phys. Rev. E62 (2000) 5830-5834.

Carlon, E. and H. van Beijeren - Equilibrium shapes and faceting for ionic crystals of body- centered cubic type - Phys. Rev. E62 (2000) 7646-7657.

Delfino, G., G.T. Barkema and J. Cardy - Susceptibility amplitude ratios in the two- dimensional Potts model and percolation - Nucl. Phys. B565 (2000) 521-534.

Dijkstra, M., R. van Roij, and R. Evans - Effective interactions, structure, and isothermal compressibility of colloidal suspensions - J. Chem. Phys. 113 (2000) 4799-4807.

Ernst, M.H. - Kinetic theory of granular fluids: hard and softinelastic spheres - Proc. NATO ASI on Dynamics: Models and Kinetic Methods for Non-equilibrium Many Body Systems. Vol. 317. Ed. John Karkheck. Kluwer, Dordrecht, NL 2000, 239-266.

420 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 12 : Condensed-Matter Theory, Statistical and Computational Physics Program Leader : Prof. dr.ir. H.T.C. Stoof

Goldirsch I. and T.P.C. van Noije - Green-Kubo relations for granular fluids - Phys. Rev. E61 (2000) 3241-3244.

Mousseau, N., G.T. Barkema and S.W. de Leeuw - Elementary mechanisms governing the dynamics of silica - J. Chem. Phys. 112 (2000) 960-964.

Mousseau, N. and G.T. Barkema - Activated mechanisms in amorphous silicon: an activation-relaxation-technique study - Phys. Rev. B61 (2000) 1898-1906.

Olés, A.M. and L.F. Feiner - Spin excitations in doped manganites - Acta Phys. Polon. A97 (2000) 193-196.

Olés, A.M., L.F. Feiner and J. Zaanen - Quantum melting of magnetic long-range order near orbital degeneracy. Classical phases and Gaussian fluctuations - Phys. Rev. B61 (2000) 6257-6287.

Panja, D., H. van Beijeren and J. R. Dorfman - Long-time-tail effects on Lyapunov exponents of a random, two-dimensional field-driven Lorentz gas - J. Stat. Phys. 100 (2000) 279-311.

Prokof'ev, N. and P.C.E. Stamp - Theory of the spin bath - Rep. Prog. Phys. 63(4) (2000) 669-726.

Ripoll, M., P. Español and M.H. Ernst - Dissipative particle dynamics with energy conservation: heat conduction - Int. J. of Mod. Phys. C9 (2000) 1329-1338.

Spivak B. and F. Zhou - Ferromagnetic Ordering in Narrow Constrictions in 2DEG - Phys. Rev. B61 (2000) 16730.

Stoof, H.T.C. - Quantum kinetic theory of trapped atomic gases - Proc. NATO ASI on Dynamics: Models and Kinetic Methods for Non-equilibrium Many Body Systems - Vol. 317. Ed. John Karkheck. Kluwer, Dordrecht, NL. 2000, 491-502.

Van Beijeren, H. and J.R. Dorfman - On thermostats and entropy production - Physica A279 (2000) 21-29.

Van Heukelum, A. and H.R.W. Beljaars - Electrophoresis simulated with the cage model for reptation - J. Chem. Phys. 113 (2000) 3909-3915.

Van Kampen, N.G. - Conduction in an inhomogeneous medium - In: Stochastic Processes in Physics, Chemistry, and Biology. Edited by J.A. Freund and T. Poeschel (Springer, Berlin 2000).

Van Noije, T.P.C., M.H. Ernst - Cahn-Hilliard theory for unstable granular fluids - Phys. Rev. E61 (2000) 1765-1782.

421 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 12 : Condensed-Matter Theory, Statistical and Computational Physics Program Leader : Prof. dr.ir. H.T.C. Stoof

Van Roij, R., M. Dijkstra, and R. Evans – Interfaces, wetting, and capillary nematization of a hard-rod fluid: theory for the Zwanzig model – J. Chem. Phys. 113 (2000) 7689-7701.

Van der Sman, R.G.M. and M.H. Ernst - Convection diffusion lattice Boltzmann scheme for irregular lattices - J. Comp. Phys. 160 (2000), 1-17.

Van der Sman, R.G.M., M.H. Ernst and A.C. Berkenbosch - Lattice Boltzmann scheme for cooling of packed cut flowers - Int. J. of Heat and Mass Transfer 42 (2000) 577-587.

Van Zon, R., H. van Beijeren and J.R. Dorfman - Kinetic theory of dynamical systems - Proc. NATO ASI on Dynamics: Models and Kinetic Methods for Non-equilibrium Many Body Systems. NATO Science Series E., Vol. 317. Ed. John Karkheck. Kluwer 2000, 131-168.

Van Zon, R., H. van Beijeren and J.R. Dorfman - Kinetic theory estimates for the Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy and the Lyapunov exponents for dilute, hard-ball gases and for dilute, random Lorentz gases - In "Hard Ball Systems and the Lorentz Gas", D. Szasz ed., Encyclopaedia of Mathematical Sciences Vol. 101, Springer, Berlin, 2000. 233-278.

2001 (refereed) Abolfath, M., K. Mullen and H.T.C. Stoof - Massive skyrmions in quantum hall ferromagnets - Phys. Rev. B63 (2001) 075315.

Al Khawaja, U. and H.T.C. Stoof - Skyrmions in a ferromagnetic Bose-Einstein condensate - Nature 411 (2001) 918-920.

Al Khawaja, U. and H.T.C. Stoof - Skyrmion physics in Bose-Einstein ferromagnets - Phys. Rev. A64 (2001) 043612.

Andersen, J.O. and M. Strickland - Mass expansions of screened perturbation theory - Phys. Rev. D64 (2001) 105012 (hep-ph/0105214).

Barkema, G.T. and N. Mousseau - The activation-relaxation technique: an efficient algorithm for sampling energy landscapes - Comp. Mater. Sci. 20 (2001) 285-292.

Barkema, G.T., N. Mousseau, R.L.C. Vink and P. Biswas - Basic mechanisms of structural relaxation and diffusion in amorphous silicon - Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 664 (2001) A28.1.1.

Barkema, G.T., P. Biswas and H. van Beijeren - Diffusion with random distribution of static traps - Phys. Rev. Lett. 87 (2001) 170601 (cond-mat/0105163).

Bikker, R.P., G.T. Barkema and H. van Beijeren - Equilibrium crystal shapes in the Potts model - Phys. Rev. E64 (2001) 16125 (cond-mat/0011336).

Biswas, P., G.T. Barkema, N. Mousseau and W.F. van der Weg - Efficient Monte Carlo structural sampling of complex materials with tight-binding interactions - Europhys. Lett. 56 (2001) 427-433.

422 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 12 : Condensed-Matter Theory, Statistical and Computational Physics Program Leader : Prof. dr.ir. H.T.C. Stoof

Dellago, Ch., H. van Beijeren, D. Panja, J. R. Dorfman - Field dependent collision frequency of the two-dimensional driven random Lorentz gas - Phys. Rev. E 64, 036217 (3p). (nlin.CD/0105017).

Dijkstra, M., R. van Roij and R. Evans - Wetting and capillary nematization of a hard-rod fluid: a simulation study - Phys. Rev. E63 (2001) 051703 1-7.

Dubé, M. and P.C.E. Stamp - Mechanisms of decoherence at low temperatures - Chem. Phys. 268 (1-3) (2001) 257-272 (cond-mat/0102156).

Duine, R.A. and H.T.C. Stoof - Explosion of a collapsing Bose-Einstein condensate - Phys. Rev. Lett. 86 (2001) 2204-2207 (cond-mat/0007320).

Duine, R.A. and H.T.C. Stoof - Stochastic dynamics of a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate - Phys. Rev. A 64 (2001) 013603.

Ernst, M.H., J. Wakou and R. Brito - Towards a Landau-Ginzburg theory for granular fluids - In: Frontiers of Fundamental Physics 4, eds. B.G. Sidharth and M.V. Altaisky, (Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, 2001) 279 -308.

Feiner, L.F. and A.M. Olés - Dynamic Jahn-Teller effect and distortional disorder in manganites - In: Open problems in strongly correlated electron systems, eds. J. Bonča et al., NATO Science series II, Vol. 15 (2001) 409-411, (Kluwer, Dordrecht).

Grünberg, H.H. von, R. van Roij, and G. Klein - Donnan potential and gas-liquid phase coexistence in colloidal suspensions - Europhys. Lett 55 (2001) 580-586.

Hirose, K., F. Zhou and N. Wingreen - Density functional theory of spin polarized disordered quantum dots - Phys. Rev. B 67 (2001) 075301-1/5.

Hirose, K., F. Zhou and N. Wingreen - Density functional theory of clean and dirty quantum dots - Phys. Rev. B 63 (2001) 075301-1.

Malek, R., N. Mousseau and G.T. Barkema - Characterization of the activation-relaxation technique: recent results on models of amorphous silicon - Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 677 (2001) AA8.4.1.

Mousseau, N., P. Derreumaux, G.T. Barkema and R. Malek - Sampling activated mechanisms in proteins with the activation-relaxation technique - J. Mol. Graphics Modell. 19 (2001) 78-86.

Mousseau, N. and G.T. Barkema - Fast bond-transposition algorithms for generating covalent amorphous structures - Curr. Opin. Solid St. M. 5, (2001) 497-502.

Nakhmanson, S.M., N. Mousseau, G.T. Barkema, P.M. Voyles and D.A. Drabold -

423 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 12 : Condensed-Matter Theory, Statistical and Computational Physics Program Leader : Prof. dr.ir. H.T.C. Stoof

Models of paracrystalline silicon with a defect-free bandgap - Int. J. Mod. Phys. B 15 (2001) 3253-3257.

Nakhmanson, S.M., P.M. Voyles, N. Mousseau, G.T. Barkema and D.A. Drabold - Realistic models of paracrystalline silicon - Phys. Rev. B 63 (2001) 235207.

Olés, A.M. and L.F. Feiner - Magnetic and orbital ordering in manganites - In: Open problems in strongly correlated electron systems, eds. J. Bonča et al., NATO Science series II, Vol. 15 (2001) 227-236 (Kluwer, Dordrecht).

Olés, A.M. and L.F. Feiner - Orbital order versus orbital liquid in doped manganites - In: Bandferromagnetism: Ground-state and finite-temperature phenomena, eds. K. Baberschke, M. Donath, W. Nolting, Lecture Notes in Physics (2001) 226-240, (Springer, Berlin).

Ortiz de Zárate, J.M., R. Pérez and J.V. Sengers - Finite-size effects on fluctuations in fluid out of thermal equilibrium - Phys. A291 (2001) 113-130.

Pethick, C.J. and H.T.C. Stoof - Collisional frequency shifts of absorption lines in an atomic hydrogen gas - Phys. Rev. A64 (2001) 013618 (cond-mat/0102105).

Ripoll, M., M.H. Ernst and P. Español - Large scale and mesoscopic hydrodynamics for dissipative particle dynamics - J. Chem. Phys. 115 (2001) 7271-7284.

Ruijgrok, T.W., M. Ruijgrok en M.J. Renne - The enigmatic piston - Acta Physica Polonica, B32 (2001) 4183-4215.

Schütz, G.M., I. Ispolatov, G.T. Barkema and B. Widom - Symmetry effects and equivalences in lattice models of hydrophobic interaction - Physica A291 (2001) 24-38.

Shundyak, K. and R. van Roij - Isotropic-nematic interfaces of hard-rod fluids - J. Phys. Condensed Matter 13 (2001) 4789-4800.

Stoof, H.T.C., E. Vliegen and U. Al Khawaja - Monopoles in an antiferromagnetic Bose- Einstein condensate - Phys. Rev. Lett. 87 (2001) 120407.

Stoof, H.T.C. and M.J. Bijlsma - Dynamics of fluctuating Bose-Einstein condensates - J. Low Temp. Phys. 124 (2001) 431-442.

Stoof, H.T.C. - Field theory for trapped atomic gases - Coherent Atomic Matter Waves, edited by R. Kaiser, C. Westbrook and F. David, p. 219-315 (Springer, Berlin, 2001).

Tupitsyn, I.S. and B. Barbara - Quantum tunneling of magnetization in molecular complexes with large spins: effect of the environment – in: "Magnetoscience - from Molecules to Materials", ed. Miller and Drillon, WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH, Germany, Volume III (2001) 109-168.

424 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 12 : Condensed-Matter Theory, Statistical and Computational Physics Program Leader : Prof. dr.ir. H.T.C. Stoof

Van Beijeren, H., W. Dong and L. Bocquet, - Diffusion-controlled reactions: A revisit of Noyes’ theory – J. Chem. Phys. 114 (2001) 6265-6275.

Van Kampen, N.G. - Foreword: The theory of noise - Fluctuation and Noise Letters, Vol.1 (2001) 1-7; - Damping and noise in quantum mechanics – Fluctuation and Noise Letters Vol.1 (2001) 7-13.

Van Oosten, D., P. van der Straten and H.T.C. Stoof - Quantum phases in an optical lattice - Phys. Rev. A63 (2001) 053601.

Vink, R.L.C., G.T. Barkema, M.A. Stijnman and R.H. Bisseling - Device-size atomistic models of amorphous silicon - Phys. Rev. B64 (2001) 245214.

Vink, R.L.C., G.T. Barkema and W.F. van der Weg - Raman spectra and structure of amorphous silicon - Phys. Rev. B63 (2001) 115210.

Vink, R.L.C., G.T. Barkema, N.M. Mousseau and W.F. van der Weg - Fitting the Stillinger- Weber potential to amorphous silicon - J. Non-Cryst. Solids 282 (2001) 248-255.

Zhou, F. - Spin correlation and hidden symmetries in spinor BECs - Phys. Rev. Let. 87 (2001) 080401.

Zhou, F. - Quantum phase pumping - Int. J. Mod. Phys. B15 (2001) 117.

Zhou, F. - Some signatures of quantum chaos on dirty superconductors - Usp. Fiz. Nauk(suppl.)171 (2001) 87.

2002 (refereed) A1 Khawaja, U., H.T.C. Stoof, R.G. Hulet, K.E. Strecker and G.B. Patridge, Bright soliton trains of trapped Bose-Einstein condensates, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 (2002) 200404, (cond- mat/0206184).

Al Khawaja, U. and H.T.C. Stoof, Nonlinear coupling between scissors modes of a Bose- Einstein condensate, Phys. Rev. A 65 (2002) 013605 (cond-mat/0107567).

Al Khawaja, U., J.O. Andersen, N.P. Proukakis and H.T.C. Stoof, Low-dimensional Bose gases Phys. Rev. A 66 (2002) 013615, (cond-mat/0202085).

Al Khawaja, U., J.O. Andersen, N.P. Proukakis and H.T.C. Stoof, Erratum: Low- dimensional Bose gases, Phys. Rev. A 66 (2002) 059902(E), (cond-mat/0209120).

Andersen, J.O., U. Al Khawaja and H.T.C. Stoof, Phase fluctuations in atomic Bose gases, Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 (2002) 070407, (cond-mat/0109143).

Andersen, J.O. and M. Strickland, The equation of state for dense QCD and quark stars, Phys. Rev. D66 (2002) 105001, (hep-ph/0206196).

425 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 12 : Condensed-Matter Theory, Statistical and Computational Physics Program Leader : Prof. dr.ir. H.T.C. Stoof

Andersen, J.O., E. Braaten, E. Petitgirard and M. Strickland, HTL perturbation theory to two loops, Phys. Rev. D66 (2002) 085016, (hep-ph/0205085).

Andersen, J.O., Ground state pressure and energy density of a homogeneous Bose gas in two dimensions, Eur. Phys. J. B28 (2002) 389-396, (cond-mat/0108197).

Andersen, J.O., Thermal effects in low-temperature QED, Phys. Rev. D65 (2002) 025014, (hep-ph/0103285).

Andersen, J.O. and H. Haugerud, Ground state of a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate in two dimensions; beyond the mean-field approximation, Phys. Rev. A65 (2002) 033615, (cond- mat/0012101).

Barkema, G.T. and P. Biswas, Tight-binding calculations on large amorphous silicon samples, in: "Physics and Applications of Disordered Materials", p. 53-64. Editor: M. Popescu, INOE, 2002.

Demler, E. and F. Zhou, Spinor bosonic atoms in optical lattices: symmetry breaking and fractionalization, Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 (2002) 163001, (cond-mat/0104409).

Dijkstra, M. and R. van Roij, Entropic wetting and many-body induced layering in a model colloid-polymer mixture, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 (2002) 208303.

Duine, R.A. and H.T.C. Stoof, Stochastic dynamics of a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate, Phys. Rev. A 65 (2002) 013603, (cond-mat/0107432).

Ernst, M.H. and R. Brito, High energy tails for inelastic Maxwell models, Europhys. Lett. 58 (2002) 182-188.

Ernst, M.H. and R. Brito, Driven Maxwell models with high energy tails, Phys. Rev. E 65 (2002) 040301(R).

Ernst, M.H. and R. Brito, Scaling solutions of inelastic Boltzmann equations with overpopulated high-energy, J. Stat. Phys. 109 (2002) 407-432, (cond-mat/0112417).

Farid, B., Dynamical correlation functions expressed in terms of many-particle ground-state wavefunction; the dynamical self-energy operator, Phil. Mag. B 82 (2002) 1413-1610, (cond-mat/0110481).

Gaspard, P. and H. van Beijeren, When do tracer particles dominate the Lyapunov spectrum?, J. Stat. Phys. 108 (2002) 671-704, (nlin.cd/0112019).

Groeneveld, J. and R. Klages, Negative and nonlinear response in an exactly solved dynamical model of particle transport, J. Stat. Phys. 109 (2002) 821-861, (nlin.cd/200207015).

426 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 12 : Condensed-Matter Theory, Statistical and Computational Physics Program Leader : Prof. dr.ir. H.T.C. Stoof

Martikainen, J.-P., A. Colin and K.-A. Suominen, Coreless vortex ground state of the rotating spinor condensate, Phys. Rev. A 66 (2002) 053604, (cond-mat/0208078).

Mousseau, N., G.T. Barkema and S.M. Nakhmanson, Recent developments in the study of continuous random networks, Phil. Mag. B 82 (2002) 171-183.

Olés, A.M. and L.F. Feiner, Why spin excitations in metallic ferromagnetic manganites are isotropic, Phys. Rev. B 65 (2002) 052414.

Pagonabarraga I., I. Trizac, T.P.C. van Noije and M.H. Ernst, Randomly driven granular fluids: collisional statistics and short range structure, Phys. Rev. E 65 (2002) 011303, (cond-mat/0107570).

Roth, R., R. van Roij, D. Andrienko, K.R. Mecke, and S. Dietrich, Entropic torque, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 (2002) 088301, (cond-mat/0202443).

Russ, C., H.H. von Grünberg, M. Dijkstra, and R. van Roij, Three-body forces between charged colloidal particles, Phys. Rev. E 66 (2002) 011402.

Shundyak, K. and R. van Roij, Entropy-driven triple-point wetting in hard-rod mixtures, Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 (2002) 205501.

Stoof, H.T.C., Breaking up a superfluid, Nature 415 (2002) 25-26.

Van Beijeren, H. and J.R. Dorfman, A note on the Ruelle pressure for a dilute disordered Sinai Billiard, J. Stat. Phys. 108 (2002) 767-785, (nlin.cd/0112031).

Van Heukelum, A., G.T. Barkema and R.H. Bisseling, DNA electrophoresis studied with the cage model, J. Comput. Phys. 180 (2002) 313-326, (cond-mat/0101467).

Van Heukelum, A. and G.T. Barkema, Lattice models of DNA electrophoresis, Electrophoresis 23 (2002) 2562-2568.

Van Zon, R. and H. van Beijeren, Front propagation techniques to calculate the largest Lyapunov exponent of dilute hard disk gases, J. Stat. Phys. 109 (2002) 641-669, (nlin.cd/0201044).

Vink, R.L.C. and G.T. Barkema, Configurational entropy of network-forming materials, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 076405 (2002), (cond-mat/0204128).

Vink, R.L.C., G.T. Barkema, C.A. van Walree and L.W. Jenneskens, Simulation of polysilane and polysilyne formation and structure, J. Chem. Phys. 116 (2002) 854-859, (cond-mat/0102084).

Wakou, J., R. Brito and M.H. Ernst, Towards a Landau-Ginzburg-type theory for granular fluids, J. Stat. Phys. 107 (2002) 3-22, (cond-mat/0103086).

427 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 12 : Condensed-Matter Theory, Statistical and Computational Physics Program Leader : Prof. dr.ir. H.T.C. Stoof

Zhou, F., Spin ordering and quasi-particles in spin triplet superconductors, Phys. Rev. B 65 (2002) 20514R, (cond-mat/0201512).

2002 (submitted to a refereed journal and not yet published as of 31 December 2002) Andersen, J., Hard thermal loops and QCD thermodynamics, (hep-ph/0210195). Submitted in 2002 to: Proceedings “Strong and Electroweak Matter” (SEWM 2002), Heidelberg, Germany, 2-5 October 2002.

Bakker, J.P.R., P.J.S. van Capel, B.V. Fine and J.I. Dijkhuis, Generaration-recombination noise in a-Si:H studied by device simulations, in: Proceedings of the Spring meeting of Material Research Society USA, Vol. 715 (2002) p. A2.6.

Brendel, K., G.T. Barkema and H. van Beijeren, Magnetization reversal times in the 2D Ising model, Phys. Rev. E 67, 026119 (2003), (cond-mat/0210370).

Brion, E., G. Harel, N. Kebaili, V. M. Akulin and I. Dumer, Decoherence correction by the Zeno effect and non-holonomic control, (quant-ph/0211003). Submitted in 2002 to: Phys. Rev. Lett.

Claus, I., P. Gaspard and H. van Beijeren, Fractals and dynamical chaos in a random 2D Lorentz gas with sinks. Submitted in 2002 to: Physica D.

Duine, R. and H. Stoof, Dynamics of a BEC near a Feshbach resonance, (cond- mat/0211514). Submitted in 2002 to: Phys. Rev. A (accepted).

Duine, R. and H. Stoof, Microscopic many-body theory of atomic Bose gases near a Feshbach resonance, (cond-mat/0210544). J. Opt. B.: Quantum Semiclass. Opt. 5, S212- S218 (2003).

Farid, B., The non-Fermi-liquid nature of the metallic states of the Hubbard Hamiltonian, (cond-mat/0211244). Submitted in 2002 to: Phil. Mag. B.

Feiner, L.F. and A.M. Olés, Orbital physics versus spin physics: the orbital Hubbard model, Accepted for the proceedings of the NATO ARW on "Concepts in electron correlation", October 2002, Hvar, Croatia.

Fine, B.V., Universal long-time relaxation on the lattices of classical spins: Markovian behavior on non-Markovian timescales. Submitted in 2002 to: J. Stat. Phys. (accepted).

Fine, B.V., J.P.R. Bakker and J.I. Dijkhuis, Long-range potential fluctuations and 1/f noise in hydrogenated amorphous silicon, (cond-mat/0210680). Submitted in 2002 to: Phys. Rev. Lett.

Gijzeman, O. and R. van Roij, Gas physisorption studied with density functional theory: application to hysteresis and the Kelvin equation. Submitted in 2002 to: J. Chem. Phys.

428 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 12 : Condensed-Matter Theory, Statistical and Computational Physics Program Leader : Prof. dr.ir. H.T.C. Stoof

Lundh, A.M.E., J.-P. Martikainen and K.-A. Suominen, Vortex nucleation in Bose-Einstein condensates in time-dependent traps, (cond-mat/0211401). Submitted in 2002 to: Phys. Rev. A (accepted).

Olés, A.M. and L.F. Feiner, Exchange interactions and anisotropic spin waves in bilayer manganites. Submitted in 2002 to: Phys. Rev. B (accepted).

Stijnman, M.A., R.H. Bisseling and G.T. Barkema, Partitioning 3D space for parallel many- particle simulations, Comput. Phys. Commun. 149 (2003) 121-134.

Van Beijeren, H., The uphill turtle race: on short time nucleation probabilities, J. Stat. Phys. 110 (2003) 1397-1402, (cond-mat/0205357).

Van Heukelum, A., G.T. Barkema, E.H.A. de Hoog, R.H. Tromp and M.W. Edelman, Fractionation in phase-separated polydisperse polymer mixtures. Submitted in 2002 to: Macromolecules.

Van Oosten, D., P. van der Straten and H.T.C. Stoof, Mott insulators in an optical lattice with high filling factors, Phys. Rev. A 67, 033606 (2003), (cond-mat/0205066).

Vink, R.L.C. and G.T. Barkema, Large well-relaxed models of vitreous silica, coordination numbers and entropy, (cond-mat/0212215). Accepted for publication in: Phys. Rev. B67 (2003).

Zhou, F., Spin one bosons in low dimensional Mott insulating states, (cond-mat/0207041). Submitted in 2002 to: Phys. Rev. Lett.

429 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 12 : Condensed-Matter Theory, Statistical and Computational Physics Program Leader : Prof. dr.ir. H.T.C. Stoof

430 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 13 : Solar Astronomy Program Leader : Prof. dr. R. J. Rutten

2. Documentation per research program

Title of the program Solar Astronomy

Program leader Prof. dr. R.J. Rutten (from 2002) Directors Astronomical Institute Utrecht (SIU) Prof. dr. A. Achterberg (until 2001) Prof. dr. N. Langer (from 2001)

Starting date of the program This program was formally established on December 15, 2002, but the pertinent research started long before 1996.

Research area and mission Solar astrophysics, solar magnetism, solar observing. Specific research topics are (i) wave dynamics in the photosphere and chromosphere; (ii) the structure, topology, and dynamics of magnetic fluxtubes, pores, sunspots, active regions, filaments, and coronal loops; (iii) the magnetic coupling between the lower solar atmosphere and the corona. The program exploits the Dutch Open Telescope on La Palma to achieve multiwavelength tomography of the solar atmosphere with unprecedented resolution and quality.

Formal affiliations outside The Netherlands Research School For Astronomy the Research Institute (NOVA)

2.1. Leadership The program leader has the overall responsibility for the program, both with respect to the quality and the cohesion of the research and with respect to the budget that is the part provided by the Faculty. He is responsible for the internal coordination and collaboration within the program, for managing the human resources, and for maintaining and developing the external contacts. He participates in regular meetings with the other research program leaders addressing the general policies of the Research Institute, and he makes recommendations to the latter's director. The program leader represents the program in the planning and control session that is organized by the Faculty Board once a year, where the plans and budget request for the coming year are presented. The presentations form the basis for the budget allocations made by the Faculty Board for the subsequent year. This program and the program Astrophysics together constitute the Astronomical Institute Utrecht. They are closely linked in both research and in educational activities. See also: Part A, 1.2.

2.2. Strategy and policy Solar astronomy at Utrecht University has a long tradition of excellence in spectroscopy, radiative transfer, magnetohydrodynamics, and plasma astrophysics. It is presently directed toward gaining understanding of the complex magnetohydrodynamic nature of solar activity.

431 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 13 : Solar Astronomy Program Leader : Prof. dr. R. J. Rutten

Solar magnetic fields are generated by enigmatic dynamo processes in the solar interior, are organized into intricate activity patterns in the photosphere, dominate the structure of the chromosphere and corona at any scale, regulate the solar wind, and affect the extended heliosphere including our own neighborhood.

The general research area is threefold. To astrophysicists, solar magnetism provides a close- up example of magnetism in other stars and in accretion disks, cataclysmic variables, galactic nuclei, etc. To physicists, coronal physics complements plasma-instability research in Tokamaks with conditions and scales that cannot be reached in the laboratory. Space weather (solar influence on the near-earth environment and the earth's climate) links solar magnetism to its direct economical and social consequences. It is a rapidly growing research area in the USA, with Europe starting to follow.

Solar physics presently flourishes in a remarkable worldwide renaissance thanks to continuous high-cadence observing from space platforms, realistic numerical simulations, increasing interest in space weather, and new ground based observing techniques that remove the degradation caused by turbulence in the earth's atmosphere.

The solar astronomy program presently transits from theoretical emphasis to observational emphasis. Over the past decades, the originally strong observational tradition in optical spectroscopy, radio spectrometry, and X-ray imaging of the sun evolved to predominantly theoretical orientation emphasizing cool-star magnetic activity, filament magnetohydrodynamics, and coronal plasma physics. In the meantime, Hammerschlag built a revolutionary "open" solar telescope, now the Dutch Open Telescope (DOT) on La Palma. At present, solar astronomy consists of a small group devoted to exploiting the frontline research capabilities of this telescope. The DOT achieves high-resolution mapping of solar magnetism, of key importance to each of the three solar interest areas.

The DOT construction principles, science strategies, instrumentation projects, and results are presented extensively on the DOT website (http://dot.astro.uu.nl, including links to reports, proposals, and development plans under "documents") and are therefore not detailed here. In summary, the DOT is being equipped with a multi-wavelength six-camera imaging system, which in combination with consistent speckle restoration achieves unique large-field long- duration imaging at superb angular resolution (0.2 arcsec) of tomographic nature, sampling multiple heights in the solar photosphere and chromosphere synchronously and co-spatially. The DOT development plan targets frequent observing utilizing an overnight speckle processor and with peer-review time allocation from 2004 (including a hands-on-telescope student education program), remote targeting from 2005, integration in the upcoming worldwide Virtual Solar Observatory by 2006, aperture tripling (resolution down to 0.07 arcsec) in 2007, and field tripling (up to 300 arcsec) in 2008.

Most of the DOT observing will be part of international multi-telescope campaigns in which the DOT supplies tomographic image sequences that are complementary to spectropolarimetry with other Canary Island telescopes and with EUV and X-ray imaging and spectrometry of the solar corona from space. The background is that solar physics "becomes a science of movies". The DOT movies of the photosphere and the coronal movies from the well-known SOHO and TRACE missions dramatically convey the

432 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 13 : Solar Astronomy Program Leader : Prof. dr. R. J. Rutten dynamical nature of the magnetically-constrained solar atmosphere, and so demonstrate the need for homogeneous high-cadence long-duration image sequences. In addition, holistic strategies are required which combine many different diagnostics (Stokes vector polarimetry, Doppler mapping, EUV imaging and spectrometry, X-ray imaging) with multi-layer tomography in order to properly diagnose the intricate properties of the very complex phenomena of solar activity.

Our research exploiting the DOT the coming years will concentrate on dynamical signatures of solar magnetism with height, from the photosphere through the chromosphere up to the corona. Such upward tracing was started the past years in anticipation of DOT data, e.g. in J.M. Krijger's thesis addressing chromospheric shock behavior as a function of height employing lower-resolution ultraviolet data from space. Specific research topics on our list are: - solar wave dynamics: network and internet work oscillations, gravity waves, umbral flashes, wave pistoning; - solar surface fields: fluxtube patterns, fluxtube dynamics, magnetic carpet topology and evolution, sunspot structure and dynamics, prominence stability and eruptions; - topology and evolution of active regions: plage emergence and disappearance, eruption precursor topology, sunspot breakup; - canopy transitions: wave penetration and heating, moss structure and dynamics, spicule physics, tube-loop coupling.

In addition, we aim to put considerable effort into the development of numerical inversion techniques (in particular for imaging in the notoriously difficult Balmer-alpha line) using our well-known expertise in radiative transfer.

It is expected that the incumbent of the new solar physics chair will atribute additional expertise and research interests.

2.3. Processes in research, internal and external collaboration The present Solar Astronomy team is small and very closely knit. It consists of scientists and engineers who all concentrate on enhancing and exploiting the DOT, without large separation between technical and science-oriented team members.

The program has tight linkages to international partners. The DOT is operated from the Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope on La Palma, with adjacent control rooms and much daily collaboration. Rutten is part-time professor at Oslo. The Stockholm and Oslo groups both partner in the eleven-institute EC/RTN "European Solar Magnetism Network" led by Rutten. There are additional on-going scientific collaborations with solar groups at Goettingen, Freiburg, Palo Alto, Boulder, Bozeman, Sunspot, Kiev, and Irkutsk. Graduate students in the program are frequently sent abroad. The program team assists in the realization of the national German GREGOR solar-telescope project, advises in the other major national- telescope projects (USA, India), and partners as Co-I in the German-led Sunrise balloon project, ESA's Solar Orbiter project, and various NASA projects that are currently being proposed.

433 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 13 : Solar Astronomy Program Leader : Prof. dr. R. J. Rutten

The DOT efforts are reported twice yearly to NOVA's Instrument Steering Committee. The ESMN reports once yearly to Brussels. A top-level panel of foreign experts reviewed the DOT program in the spring of 2001. It recommended forceful science exploitation of the DOT's unprecedented image quality. All reports are available on the DOT website.

2.4. Academic reputation Goedbloed - Board of NCF (National Computing Facilities Foundation) (since 12/2002) - Program Committee Computational Science NWO (since 09/2000)

Hammerschlag - Advisory panel member Operations Sub Committee of the Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos (since 2000)

Kuijpers (see also Astrophysics) - Chair Solar Physics Section European Astronomical Society and European Physical Society (from 09/1999 until 10/2002)

Kuperus (see also Astrophysics) - Wissenschaftsratkommission Kiepenheuer Institut Freiburg (from 01/1999 until 01/2000)

Rutten - Professor II, Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, Oslo University (since 10/2002) - Member NOVA Instrument Steering Committee (from 1998) - Member National Astronomy Education Committee (from 2002) - Member ASTRON Program Committee (until 1997) - Member editorial board Solar Physics (from 1999)

Zwaan († 1999) - Member editorial board Solar Physics (until 1999) - Chair Nederlandse Astronomen Club (NAC) (until 1997)

2.5. Internal evaluation and analysis, perspectives and expectations for the research program Strengths. Major strengths are the superior quality of the DOT, the local and international program embedding, and attractiveness to students. The DOT is now the premier photospheric moviemaker, and will become the principal tomographic solar-atmosphere mapper with the completion of the multi-wavelength registration and the overnight speckle processing.

Weaknesses. Much of the DOT funding (NWO, NOVA, EC) is without guarantee of continuity. The DOT team is very small (1 tenured engineer, 1 tenured scientist).

Opportunities. The DOT offers exciting research possibilities. The DOT development plan targets worldwide uniqueness until and even beyond 2010.

434 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 13 : Solar Astronomy Program Leader : Prof. dr. R. J. Rutten

The new Solar Astronomy professor will widen the research interests, enhance external fund raising, raise the program to critical mass, and bring additional international embedding. The program emphasis on solar magnetism implies the possibility of future linkage to space- weather research, in particular solar wind modulation and climate forcing.

Threats. The planned DOT development hinges on continuation of the DOT team and its support in at least the present size.

Analysis. The DOT team is very small but its ambitions are large: to make the DOT the premier tomographic solar-atmosphere mapper worldwide throughout the decade, and to exploit DOT data in front-line solar magnetism research. The advent of the new solar physics professor presents a major opportunity to strengthen the program and to capitalize the unique DOT capabilities.

2.6. External validation The success of the open DOT principle and of its many technological innovations generate much technical follow-up elsewhere, including all major optical solar-telescope projects. Result dissemination outside the research community is a ubiquitous program activity, in the form of frequent public outreach through public lectures, popular-astronomy articles, TV programs, and websites.

2.7. Researchers and other personnel The program aims at having two temporary senior staff positions in the frame of overlap appointments or guest professorships besides the permanent staff, which currently consists of one scientist, one engineer, and one opening for a full professor. The average duration of a PhD work in our program is four years and six months, which is only slightly longer than the nominal time of four years. During the report period no PhD student has dropped out.

Table 3: Solar Astrophysics Research staff at program level Name and present title ‘96 ‘97 ‘98 ‘99 ‘00 ‘01 ‘02

Full professors J. Kuijpers 0,21 0,21 0,21 0,21 0,21 0,04 M. Kuperus 0,30 0,30 0,30 0,30 0,30 Associate professor R.J. Rutten 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 Assistant professor R.H. Hammerschlag 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 Total tenured staff 1,71 1,71 1,71 1,71 1,71 1,24 1,20

Post-doctoral fellows L. Fletcher 0,08 A. Makarovic 1,00 0,58 S.K. Solanki 0,15 P. Sütterlin 0,58 1,00 1,00 1,00 G. Tóth 1,00 0,67 Minnaert Chair G.H.J. van den Oord 1,00 1,00 0,42 PhD students 2,48 0,90 1,13 1,05 0,90 0,90 0,68 Total non tenured staff 5,56 3,15 1,55 1,78 1,90 1,90 1,68

Total research staff 7,27 4,86 3,26 3,49 3,61 3,14 2,88

435 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 13 : Solar Astronomy Program Leader : Prof. dr. R. J. Rutten

Other program members Adjunct professor Prof. dr. J.P. Goedbloed

Technical staff Ir. F.C.M. Bettonvil

Visiting staff Dr. L. Fletcher (04/1999) Dr. V.A. Sheminova (01-02/2000, 02/2001) Dr. R.I. Kostik (03/2001) Dr. N.G. Shchukina (03/2001) Dr. O.V. Khomenko (03/2001)

Emeritus professors Prof. dr C. Zwaan (from 7/97 until 6/99) Prof. dr M. Kuperus (from 1/01)

2.8. Resources, funding and facilities

Table 4a Solar Astronomy Funding at program level in K€ Funding 1996 19971998 1999 2000 2001 2002 97-02 average

Direct funding 418 412 446 895 511 514 533 Research funds 75 29 51 26 Contracts 35 53 57 36 30 Other 4242 74 177 56

Total 418412 523 1.064 670 778 644 Table 4a: The funding of the program during the evaluation period in k€.

436 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 13 : Solar Astronomy Program Leader : Prof. dr. R. J. Rutten

Table 4b Solar Astronomy Funding at program level in % Funding 1996 19971998 1999 2000 2001 2002 97-02 average

Direct funding 100% 100% 85% 84% 76% 66% 83% Research funds 7% 4% 7% 4% Contracts 7% 5% 8% 5% 5% Other 8%4% 11% 23% 9%

Total 100%100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Table 4b: The funding of the program during the evaluation period in %. For an explanation see Research Institute documentation.

External funding NWO NWO program subsidy 614.021.011 (1998-2002) NWO program subsidy 614.021.017 (2002-2005) Responsible scientist: R.J. Rutten

NOVA NOVA Instrumentation grant NOVA "dakpan (tile)" funding Responsible scientist: R.J. Rutten

INTAS High Resolution Physics of the Solar Photosphere (INTAS 00-00084) Duration July 1, 2001 until June 30, 2004 Network coordinator: R.J. Rutten

EU networks European Solar Magnetometry Network (TMR ERBFMRXCT980190) Duration May 1, 1998 until April 30, 2002 Network coordinator: R.J. Rutten

European Solar Magnetism Network (RT HPRN-CT-2002-00313) Duration November 1, 2002 until October 20, 2006. Network coordinator: R.J. Rutten

SOZOU Bi-yearly grants Responsible scientists: R.J. Rutten, R.H. Hammerschlag

Pieter Langerhuizen Lambertuszoon Fonds Installation of the Irkutsk BaII filter in the DOT Responsible scientist: R.J. Rutten

437 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 13 : Solar Astronomy Program Leader : Prof. dr. R. J. Rutten

Stichting N. van Ballegooijenfonds Yearly grants Responsible scientists: C. Zwaan, R.J. Rutten

2.9. Overview of the results 1. Key Publications 1. Schrijver, C.J., Title A.M., van Ballegooijen A.A., Hagenaar H.J., and Shine R.A., Sustaining the quiet photospheric network: The balance of flux emergence fragmentation, merging and cancellation, Astroph. J. 487, p. 424, 1997.

2. Hoekzema, N.M. and Rutten R.J., Small-scale topology of solar atmosphere dynamics, II. Granulation, K2v grains and waves, Astron. Astrophys., 329, p. 725-734, 1998.

3. Schutgens, N.A.J., and Tóth, G., Numerical simulation of prominence oscillations, Astron. Astrophysics 345, p. 1038, 1999.

4. Krijger, J.M., R.J. Rutten, B.W. Lites, Th. Straus, R.A. Shine, T.D. Tarbell, Dynamics of the solar chromosphere III. Ultraviolet brightness oscillations from TRACE, Astron. Astrophys. 379, p.1052, 2001.

5. Sütterlin, P., The size of penumbral fine structure, Astron.Astrophys. 374, p. L21, 2001.

2. Dissertations 1996: A.J.H. Ossendrijver (category 1); Fluctuations and energy balance in solar and stellar dynamos; promotors: Prof. dr. M. Kuperus Prof. dr. H. van Beijeren co-promotor: Dr. P. Hoyng (SRON)

1997: N.M. Hoekzema (category 1); Statistical studies of dynamical structures in the solar atmosphere; promotor: Prof. dr. C. Zwaan co-promotor: Dr. R.J. Rutten

1998: N.A.J. Schutgens (category 1); Oscillating Prominences; promotor: Prof. dr. M. Kuperus co-promotor: Dr. G.H.J. van den Oord

1999: H.J. Hagenaar (category 1); Flows and Magnetic Patterns on the Solar Surface promotor: Prof. dr. M. Kuperus co-promotors: Dr. C.J. Schrijver Dr. R.J. Rutten

438 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 13 : Solar Astronomy Program Leader : Prof. dr. R. J. Rutten

2002: J.M. Krijger (category 1); Structure and dynamics of the solar chromosphere; Promotor: Prof. dr. J.M.E. Kuijpers (KUN) co-promotor: Dr. R.J. Rutten

3. Numerical overview of the results Table 5 Program results: output numbers ‘96 ‘97 ‘98 ‘99 ‘00 ‘01 ‘02 Total 1. Academic a. In 14 12 9 7 0 8 2 4* 56 publications refereed Journals b. other 10 9 4 13 5 12 3 8* 72 publications Total 24 21 13 20 5 20 3 12 118 2. PhD theses 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 5 *Submitted and not yet published as of 31 December 2002

4. Full list of publications (1996-2002) 1996 (refereed) Cook, W., R.J. Rutten, N.M. Hoekzema, Ultraviolet Jets and Bright Points in the Solar Chromosphere I. Search for One-to-One Relationships, Astrophys. Journal 470, pp. 647-651, 1996

Doyle J.G., van den Oord G.H.J., O'Shea E., Randomly sampling the chromospheric peak power distribution, Astron. Astrophys. 327, pp. 365-376, 1996

Kostik, R.I., N.G. Shchukina, R.J. Rutten, The solar iron abundance: not the last word, Astron. Astrophys. 305, pp. 325-342, 1996

Kuijpers, J., and Fletcher L., Are coronal mass ejections caused by magnetic pumping, Solar Physics 169, p. 415

Kuperus, M., The double inverse polarity paradigm solar, Solar Physics 169, pp. 349-356 1996

Mewe, R., Kaastra J.S., van den Oord G.H.J., Vink J., Tawara Y., ASCA and EUVE observations of II Peg: Flaring and quiescent coronal emission, Astron. Astrophys. 320, pp. 147-158, 1996

Oord, G.H.J. van den, Doyle, J.G., Rodono, M., Gary, D.E., Henry, G.W., Byrne, P.B., Linsky, J.L., Haisch, B.M., Pagano, I., and Leto, G., Flare energetics: analysis of a large flare on YZ Canis Minoris observed simultaneously in the ultraviolet, optical and radio, Astron. Astrophys. 310, p. 908, 1996

439 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 13 : Solar Astronomy Program Leader : Prof. dr. R. J. Rutten

Oord, G.H.J. van den, Doyle, J.G., Constraints on mass loss from dMe stars: theory and observations, Astron. Astrophys. 319, pp. 578-588, 1996

Oord, G.H.J. van den, Schrijver C.J., Camphens M., Mewe R., Kaastra J.S., EUV Spectroscopy of cool stars. III. Interpretation of EUVE spectra in terms of quasi-static loops, Astron. Astrophys. 313, p. 1090-1102, 1996

Ossendrijver, A.J.H., P. Hoyng, D. Schmitt, Stochastic excitation and memory of the solar dynamo, Astron. Astrophys. 313, p. 938, 1996

Ossendrijver, A.J.H., P. Hoyng, Stochastic and nonlinear fluctuations in a mean field dynamo, Astron. Astrophys. 313, p. 959, 1996

Schrijver, C.J., Shine, R.A., Hagenaar, H.J., Hurlburt, N.E., Title, A.M., Strous, L.H., Jefferies, S.M., Jones, A.R., Harvey, J.W., and Duvall, T.L., Dynamics of the Chromospheric Network: Mobility, dispersal and diffusion coefficients, ApJ 468, p. 921, 1996

Strous, L.H. Scharmer, G., Tarbell, T.D., Title, A.M., and Zwaan, C., Phenomena in an emerging active region. I. Horizontal dynamics, Astron. Astrophys. 306, p. 947, 1996

Zwaan, C., A Dynamo Scenario - Observational Constraints on Dynamo Theory, Sol. Phys. 169, 265, 1996

1996 (other publications) Mewe, R., Oord, G.H.J. van den, Schrijver, C.J., and Kaastra J.S., DEM analyses with the Utrecht codes, in: IAU Colloq. 152, Astrophysics in the extreme ultraviolet, 553, 1996

Ossendrijver, A.J.H., P. Hoyng, D. Schmitt, Does the sun have a memory?, in: Solar and Galactic Magnetic Fields, Proc. Workshop in Göttingen 2-3 February 1995, Nachr. D. Akad. D. wiss. I. Goett. II Math. Phys. Kl. 4, p. 247, 1996

Rutten, R.J., Chromospheric Dynamics, in: Stellar Surface Structure, Procs. Symp. 176 IAU, eds. K.G. Strassmeier and J.L. Linsky, pp. 385-392, Kluwer Dordrecht, 1996

Schrijver, C.J., Mewe, R., Kaastra J.S., Oord, G.H.J. van den, and Bruls, J.H.M.J., Is the optical depth of stellar coronae really negligible?, in: ASP Conf. Ser. 109: Ninth Cambridge Workshop on Cool Stars, Stellar systems and the Sun, Vol. 9, 289, 1996

Schrijver, C.J., Oord, G.H.J. van den, Mewe, R., and Kaastra, J.S., Are some stellar coronae optically thick, in: IAU Colloq. 152: Astrophysics in the extreme ultraviolet, 121, 1996

Tóth G., A general code for modeling MilD flows on parallel computers: VersatileAdvection Code, in: IAU Colloq. 153: Magnetohydrodynamic Phenomena in the solar atmosphere - prototypes of stellar magnetic activity, 471, 1996

440 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 13 : Solar Astronomy Program Leader : Prof. dr. R. J. Rutten

Tóth G., Numerical simulation of Magnetohydrodynamic flows, Communication of the Konkoly Observatory Hungary 100, p. 259, 1996

Van den Oord, G.H.J., and Zuccarello, F., Coronal loops and their modeling (rev.), in: IAU Symp. 176: Stellar Surface Structure, Vol. 176, 433, 1996

Van den Oord, G.H.J., Non-thermal emission mechanisms in stellar corona, in: ASP Conf. Ser. 93: Radio emission from the stars and the sun, 263, 1996

Van den Oord, G.H.J., Schrijver, C.J., Mewe, R., and Kaastra, J.S., EUV spectroscopy and coronal loop models, in: ASP Conf. Ser. 109: Cool stars, stellar systems and the Sun, Vol. 9, 231, 1996

1997 (refereed) Gurbatov, S.N., Symdyankin S.I., Aurell E., Frisch U. and Tóth G., On the decay of Burgers turbulence, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 344, pp. 339-374, 1997

Hagenaar, H.J., Schrijver C.J. and Title A.M., The distribution of cell sizes of the solar chromospheric network, Astrophys. Journal 481, p. 988, 1997

Hoekzema, N.M., Rutten R.J., and Cook J.W., Ultraviolet jets and bright points in the solar chromosphere. II. Statistical Correlations, Astrophys. Journal 474, pp. 518-528, 1997

Kuijpers, J., A Solar Prominence Model, Astrophys. Journal L. 489, L201, 1997

Mewe, R., Kaastra, J.S., Oord, G.H.J. van den, Vink, J., and Tawara, Y., ASCA and EUVE observations of II Pegasi: flaring and quiescent coronal emission, Astron. Astrophys. 320, p. 147, 1997

Piters, A.J.M., Schrijver, C.J., Schmitt, J.H.M.M., Rosso, C., Baliunas, S.L., van Paradijs, J., and Zwaan, C., Coronal and chromospheric emission from cool stars in near-simultaneous ROSAT all-sky survey and Mount Wilson data, Astron. Astrophys. 325, p. 115, 1997

Schrijver C.J., Hagenaar H.J., and Title A.M., On the patterns of the solar granulation and supergranulation, Astrophys. Journal 475, p. 328 , 1997

Schrijver, C.J., Title A.M., van Ballegooijen A.A., Hagenaar H.J., and Shine R.A., Sustaining the quiet photospheric network: The balance of flux emergence fragmentation, merging and cancellation, Astrophys. Journal 487, p. 424 , 1997

Schrijver, C.J., Title, A., Hagenaar, H.J., Modeling the distribution of magnetic fluxes in field concentrations in a solar active region, Sol. Phys., 175, p. 329, 1997

Schutgens, N.A.J., Prominence oscillations and stability: communicating the distant photospheric boundary, Astron. Astrophys., 323, p. 969, 1997

441 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 13 : Solar Astronomy Program Leader : Prof. dr. R. J. Rutten

Schutgens, N.A.J., Vertical prominence oscillations and stability: a comparison of the influence of the distant photosphere in inverse polarity and normal polarity prominence models, Astron. Astrophys., 325, p. 352, 1997

Stuik, R., Bruls J.H.M.J., and Rutten R.J., Modeling Li I and K I sensitivity to Pleiades activity, Astron. Astrophys. 322, pp. 911-923, 1997

1997 (other publications) Hoekzema N.M., Dynamical relations between photosphere and chromosphere, in: ASSL Vol. 225: SCORe’96: Solar convection and oscillations and their relationship, 291, 1997

Rutten, R.J., Chromospheric Dynamics and the FIP flip, in B. Schmieder, J.C. del Toro Iniesta, and M. Vázquez (Eds.), Advances in the Physics of sunspots, Procs. First Adv. in Solar Physics Euroconf., Astron. Soc. Pacific Conf. Series Vol. 118, 298-302, 1997

Rutten, R.J., Hammerschlag R.H. and Bettonvil F.C.M., The Dutch Open Telescope, Science with THEMIS, N. Mein and S. Sahal-Brechot eds., Procs. Forum THEMIS, Obs. de Paris, pp. 285-291, 1997

Rutten, R.J., Hammerschlag, R.H., and Bettonvil, F.C.M., The Dutch Open Telescope, in F.P. Pijpers, J. Christensen-Dalsgaard, and C.S. Rosenthal (Eds.), Solar Convection and Oscillations and their relationship, Procs. SCORe96, Kluwer, Dordrecht, 289-292, 1997

Rutten, R.J., R.H. Hammerschlag, and F.C.M. Bettonvil, Dutch Open Telescope: Status and Prospects, in B. Schmieder, J.C. del Toro Iniesta, and M. Vázquez (Eds.), Advances in the Physics of sunspots, Procs. First Adv. In solar Physics Euroconf. Astron. Soc. Pacific Conf. Series, Vol. 118, 335-339, 1997

Rutten, R.J., Solar Atmospheric Dynamics, in F.-L. Deubner (Ed.), Reports on Astronomy, Transac. IAU Volume XXIII A, Kluwer, Dordrecht, 156-159, 1997

Steffens, S., Deubner F.-L., Fleck B., Wilhelm K., Schuehle U., Curdt W., Harrison R., Gurman J., Thompson B.J., Brekke P. Delaboudiniere J.-P., Lemaire P., Hessel B., and Rutten R.J., First results from SOHO on waves near the solar transition region, in: Advances in the physics of sunspots, Procs. First Adv. In solar physics Euroconf., B. Schmieder, J.C. Toro del Iniesta and M. Vazquez eds., Astron. Soc. Pac. Conf. Series 118, pp. 284-288, 1997

Tóth, G., Versatile Advection Code, at the High-Performance Computing and Networking 1997 Conference, Vienna Austria, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 1225, p. 253, 1997

Van der Ploeg, A., Keppens R., and Tóth G., Block Incomplete LU-preconditioners for Implicit Solution of Advection Dominated Problems, at the High-Performance Computing and Networking 1997 Conference, Vienna Austria, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 1225, p. 421, 1997

442 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 13 : Solar Astronomy Program Leader : Prof. dr. R. J. Rutten

1998 (refereed) Doyle, J.G., van den Oord G.H.J., O'Shea E., Banerjee D., Waves in the solar transition region, Solar Physics 181, p. 51-71, 1998

Hoekzema, N.M. and Rutten R.J., Small-scale topology of solar atmosphere dynamics, II. Granulation, K2v grains and waves , Astron. Astrophys., 329, p. 725-734, 1998

Hoekzema, N.M., Rutten R.J., Brandt P.N., and Shine R.A., Small-scale topology of solar atmosphere dynamics, I. Wave sources and wave diffraction, Astron. Astrophys., 329, p. 276-290, 1998

Hoekzema, N.M., Brandt, P.N., and Rutten, R.J., Small-scale topology of solar atmosphere dynamics III. Granular persistence and photospheric wave amplitudes, Astron. Astrophys. 333, p. 322, 1998

Nauta, M.D., and Tóth G., A high Reynolds number algorithm for polytropic accretion disk studies, Astron. Astrophys., 336, p. 791-801, 1998

Schrijver, C.J., Title A.M., Harvey K.L., Sheeley Jr. N.R., Wang Y-M., van den Oord G.H.J., Shine R.A., Tarbell T.D., Hurlburt N.E., Large-scale coronal heating by the small- scale magnetic field of the Sun, Nature, 394, p. 152-154, 1998

Tóth G., Keppens, R., Botchev, M.A., Implicit and semi-implicit schemes in the Versatile Advection Code: numerical tests, Astron. Astrophys. 332, p. 1159, 1998

Tziotziou, K., Martens, P.C.H., and Hearn, A.G., Energy and momentum deposition in coronal holes. Solar coronal hole simulations compared with interpretations of Yohkoh SXT observations, Astron. Astrophys. 340, p. 203, 1998

Van den Oord, G.H.J., Schutgens N.A.J., Kuperus M., The effect of delays on filament oscillations and stability, Astron. Astrophys., 339, p. 225-238, 1998

1998 (other publications) Beckers, J.M. and Rutten R.J., Site tests for CLEAR by solar scintillometry, in: Site Properties of the Canarian Observatories, Casiana Muñoz Tuñon, Procs. Workshop La Palma, New Astron. Rev., 42, Elsevier, p. 489-492, 1998

Hammerschlag, R.H., and Bettonvil F.C.M., The Dutch Open Telescope at the Roque de los Muchachos Observatory, New Astronomy Reviews, 42, p. 485-488, 1998

Rutten, R.J., The lower solar atmosphere, in: Solar Composition and its Evolution - from Core to Corona, Cl. Fröhlich, M.C.E. Huber, S.K. Solanki and R. von Steiger, Procs. ISSI Workshop, Space Science Rev., 85, p. 269-280, 1998

Schutgens, N.A.J., Kuperus, M., and Oord, G.H.J. van den, Prominence oscillations and the influence of the distant photosphere, in: ASP Conf. Ser. 150: IAU Colloq. 167: New perspectives on solar prominences, 147, 1998

443 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 13 : Solar Astronomy Program Leader : Prof. dr. R. J. Rutten

1999 (refereed) Doyle, J.G., Oord, G.H.J. van den, O'Shea, E., and Banerjee, D., Exploring the dynamical nature of the lower solar chromosphere, Astron. Astrophys. 347, 335, 1999

Hagenaar, H.J., Schrijver, C.J., Title, A.M., and Shine, R.A., Dispersal of magnetic flux in the quiet solar photosphere, ApJ 511, p. 932, 1999

Keppens, R., Tóth G., Westermann R.H.J., Goedbloed J.P., Growth and saturation of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability with parallel and anti-parallel magnetic fields, J. Plasma Phys. 61, 1-19, 1999

Keppens, R., Tóth, G., Non-linear dynamics of Kelvin-Helmholtz unstable magnetized jets: three-dimensional effects, Phys. Of Plasmas 6, pp. 1461-1469, 1999

Lites, B.W., Rutten R.J. and Berger T.E., Dynamics of the Solar Chromosphere II. Ca II H2v and K2v grains versus Internetwork Fields, Astrophys. Journal 517, 1013-1033, 1999

Strous, L.H. and Zwaan, C., Phenomena in an emerging active region. II. Properties of the dynamic small-scale structure, Astrophys. Journal 527, 435, 1999

Schutgens, N.A.J., and Tóth, G., Numerical simulation of prominence oscillations, Astron. Astrophys. 345, p. 1038, 1999

1999 (other publications) Banerjee, D., Doyle, J., O'Shea, E., and Oord, G.H.J. van den, Dynamical nature or the Quiet Solar Outer Atmosphere, in: ASP Conf. Ser. 183, High Resolution Solar Physics: Theory, Observations, and Techniques, 389, 1999

Hoekzema, N.M., and Brandt, P., On the relation of photospheric oscillations to meso-scale flows, in: ASP Conf. Ser. 183, High resolution solar physics: Theory, Observations, and Techniques, 473, 1999

Keppens, R., Tóth G., Goedbloed J.P., Nonlinear dynamics of Kelvin-Helmholtz unstable magnetized jets, Proc. 26th Eur. Conf. on Controlled Fusion and Plasma Physics, 14-18 June 1999, Maastricht, contrib., papers CD-Rom, eds. B. Schweer, G. van Oost and E. Vietzke, Vol. 23J, 797-800, 1999

Keppens, R., Tóth, G., Simulating magnetized plasmas with the Versatile Advection Code, in: Third International Conference for Vector and Parallel Processing, Lecture Notes in Computer Science 1573, pp. 68-690, Springer, 1999

Krijger, J.M., Dynamics of the Quiet Chromosphere with TRACE, in: Proc. 8th SOHO Workshop Plasma Dynamics and Diagnostics in the Solar Transition Region and Corona, Paris, France, 22-25 June 1999, ESA SP-466, October 1999, p. 391-394, 1999

444 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 13 : Solar Astronomy Program Leader : Prof. dr. R. J. Rutten

Rutten, R.J., (Inter) Network Structure and Dynamics, in: Magnetic Fields and Oscillations, eds. B. Schmieder, A. Hofmann and J. Staude, Procs. Third Adv. in Solar Physics Euroconf., 184, 181-200, 1999

Rutten, R.J., de Pontieu B., Lites B.W., Internetwork Grains with TRACE, in: High Resolution Solar Physics: Theory, Observations and Techniques, eds. T.R. Rimmele, K.S. Balasubramaniam and R.R. Radick, Procs. 19th NSO/Sacramento Peak Summer Workshop, ASP Conf. Ser. 183, 383-388, 1999

Rutten, R.J., Hammerschlag R.H., Bettonvil F.C.M., The Dutch Open Telescope, in: Solar and Stellar Activity: similarities and differences, eds. C.J. Butler and J.G. Doyle, Procs. Armagh Workshop, ASP Conf. Ser.158, 57-60, 1999

Rutten, R.J., Lites B.W., Berger T.E., Shine R.A., Dynamics of the quiet solar chromosphere, in: Solar and Stellar Activity: similarities and differences, eds. C.J. Butler and J.G. Doyle, Procs. Armagh Workshop 158, 249-259, 1999

Rutten, R.J., Magnetic fields and oscillations, ASP Proc. 111, 380-381, 1999

Rutten, R.J., The Dutch Open Telescope: History, Status, Prospects, in: High Resolution Solar Physcis: Theory, Observations and Techniques, eds. T.R. Rimmele, K.S. Balasubramaniam and R.R. Radick, Procs. 19th NSO/Sacramento Peak Summer Workshop, ASP Conf. Ser.183, 147-156, 1999

Rutten, R.J., Two-Dimensional phase-diverse Stokes spectrometer, in: High Resolution Solar Physics: Theory, Observations and Techniques, eds. T.R. Rimmele, K.S. Balasubramaniam and R.R. Radick, Procs. 19th NSO/Sacramento Peak summer Workshop, ASP Conf. Ser. 183, 296-302, 1999

Strous, L., and Zwaan, C., Properties of small-scale flux emergence in a young active region, in: SOHO Workshop Helioseismic diagnostics of solar convection and activity, Stanford, California, Vol. 9, July 12-15, 1999

2000 (other publications) Keppens, R.,G. Tóth, J.P. Goedbloed, Parallel computational magneto-fluid dynamics, in: Parallel Computing: Fundamentals and Applications, Proc. Int. Conf. ParCo99, 17-20 August 1999, Delft, eds. E.H. D'Hollander, G.R. Joubert, F.J. Peters, and H.J. Sips, Imperial College Press, London, pp. 160-167, 2000

Rutten, R.J. and Hagenaar H.J., Chromosphere: network, in P. Murdin, (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Institute of Physics Publishing, 2000

Rutten, R.J., C. Zwaan (1929-1999) and JOSO, Annual report 1999, Vol. 29, Joint Org. for Solar Obs., eds. A. Antalova and A. Kucera, Astron. Inst. Tatranská Lomnica, Slovak Republic, p. 4-7, 2000

445 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 13 : Solar Astronomy Program Leader : Prof. dr. R. J. Rutten

Rutten, R.J., R.H. Hammerschlag, F.C.M. Bettonvil, and P. Sütterlin, Dutch Open Telescope: Status and Prospects, AAS/Solar Physics Division Meeting 32, Oct. 2000, p. 02107, 2000

Schrijver, C.J., and Zwaan, C., Solar and stellar magnetic activity, Cambridge Univ. Press, UK, 2000

2001 (refereed) Hoyng, P., Ossendrijver, A.J.H. and Schmitt, D.: The geodynamo as a bistable oscillator, Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dynamics 94, 263, 2001

Krijger, J.M., R.J. Rutten, B.W. Lites, Th. Straus, R.A. Shine, T.D. Tarbell, Dynamics of the solar chromosphere III. Ultraviolet brightness oscillations from TRACE, Astron. Astrophys. 379, p.1052, 2001

Martens, P.C. and Zwaan, C., Origin and evolution of filament-prominence systems, Astrophys. Journal, 558, 872, 2001

Schmitt, D., Ossendrijver, A.J.H. and Hoyng, P.: Magnetic field reversals and secular variation in a bistable geodynamo model, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. 125, 119, 2001

Sütterlin, P., R.J. Rutten and V.I. Skomorovsky, BaII 4554 Å speckle imaging as solar Doppler diagnostic, Astron. Astrophys. 378, pp. 251-255, 2001

Sütterlin, P., The size of penumbral fine structure, Astron.Astrophys. 374, p. L21, 2001

Sobotka, M., and Sütterlin, P., Fine Structure in sunspots. IV. Penumbral grains in speckle reconstructed images, Astron. Astrophys. 380, p. 714, 2001

Tapping, K.F. and Zwaan, C., Sources of the slowly varying component of solar microwave emission and their relationship with their host active region, Sol. Phys. 199, p. 317, 2001

2001 (other publications) Balthasar, H., Sütterlin, P., Collados, M, Penumbral Finestructure: Need for Larger Telescopes, Astron. Nachr. 322, 5-6, 367-370, 2001

Kiselman, D., Rutten, R.J., and Plez, B., The formation of G-band bright points. I. Standard LTE modelling, in: P. Brekke, B. Fleck, and J.B. Gurman (Eds.), Recent insights into the Physics of the Sun and Heliosphere, Procs. IAU Symp. 203, ASP Conf. Ser., Vol. 200, 287, 2001

Ossendrijver, A.J.H. and Hoyng, P.: Solar cycle, in: P. Murdin (ed.), Encyclopedia of Astronomy and Astrophysics (IOP Publishing), p. 2502, 2001

Rutten, R.J., R.H. Hammerschlag, P. Sütterlin, F.C.M. Bettonvil and E.B.J. van der Zalm, Solar Magnetometry with the Dutch Open Telescope, Procs. 1st Solar & Space Weather

446 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 13 : Solar Astronomy Program Leader : Prof. dr. R. J. Rutten

Euroconference, The Solar Cycle and Terrestrial Climate A. Wilson Ed., ESA Special Publication SP-463, ESTEC Noordwijk, pp. 611-616, 2001

Rutten, R.J., R.H. Hammerschlag, P. Sütterlin, F.C.M. Bettonvil, Proxy magnetometry with the Dutch Open Telescope, Advanced Solar Polarimetry - Theory, Observation and Instrumentation, Procs. 20th NSO/SP Summer Workshop, ASP Conf. Ser. 236, Ed. M. Sigwarth, pp. 25-32, 2001

Rutten, R.J., Solar atmospheric dynamics, in R.J. García López, R. Rebolo, and M.R. Zapatero Osorio (Eds.), Cool stars, stellar systems and the sun, Procs. 11th Cambridge Workshop, Astron. Soc. Pacific Conf. Series Vol. 223, 117-130, 2001

Rutten, R. J., D. Kiselman, L. R.van der Voort, B. Plez, Proxy magnetometry of the photosphere: why are G-band bright points so bright?, Advanced Solar Polarimetry - Theory, Observation, and Instrumentation, Procs. 20th NSO/SP Summer Workshop, M. Sigwarth Ed., ASP Conf. Ser. 236, pp. 445-452, 2001

Rutten, Robert J., DOT strategies versus Orbiter strategies, Procs. First Solar Orbiter Workshop, Solar Encounter, ESA SP-493, pp. 357-360, 2001

Rutten, Robert J., ESMN, European Solar Physics Research Area, Procs. First Solar Orbiter Workshop, Solar Encounter, ESA SP-493, pp. 353-356, 2001

Rutten, Robert J., Solar Atmospheric dynamics, Procs. 11th Cambridge Workshop, Cool stars, Stellar Systems and the Sun, Eds. R.J. García, R. Rebolo and M.R. Zapatero Osorio, ASP Conf. Ser., pp. 117-130, 2001

Sütterlin, P., R.H. Hammerschlag, F.C.M. Bettonvil, R.J. Rutten, V.I. Skomorovsky and G.N. Domyshev, A Multi-Channel Speckle Imaging System for the DOT, Procs. 20th NSO/SP Summer Workshop, Advanced Solar Polarimetry - Theory, Observation and Instrumentation, ASP Conf. Ser. 236, M. Sigwarth Ed., pp. 431-438, 2001

2002 (refereed) Hoekzema, N.H., Th. R. Rimmele, R.J. Rutten, Small-scale topology of solar atmospheric dynamics V. Acoustic events and internetwork grains, Astron. Astrophysics 390, p. 681, 2002

Krijger, J.M., T. Roudier, M. Rieutord, Photospheric flows measured with TRACE, Astron. Astrophys 389, 672K, 2002

2002 (other publications) Rutten, R.J., P. Sütterlin, A.G. de Wijn, R.H. Hammerschlag, F.C.M. Bettonvil, P.W. Hoogendoorn, A.P. Jägers, Dutch Open Telescope: status results, prospects, in: Solar Variability: from Core to Outer Frontiers, Procs. 10th European Solar Physics Meeting, ESA- SP 506, pp. 903-906, 2002.

447 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 13 : Solar Astronomy Program Leader : Prof. dr. R. J. Rutten

Rutten, R.J., A.G. de Wijn, P. Sütterlin, F.C.M. Bettonvil and R.H. Hammerschlag, Opening the Dutch Telescope, SOLMAG: Magnetic coupling of the Solar Atmosphere, in: Procs. Euroconference IAU Colloq. 188, Magnetic Coupling of the Solar Atmosphere, ESA-SP 505, pp. 565-568, 2002.

Rutten, R.J., European Solar Magnetism Network, in: Procs. Euroconference IAU Colloq. 188, ESA-SP 505, SOLMAG: Magnetic Coupling of the Solar Atmosphere, ASP, pp. 569- 570, 2002.

2002 (submitted to a refereed journal and not yet published as of 31 December 2002) Krijger, J.M., T. Roudier, Photospheric flows measured with TRACE II. Network formation, Astron. Astrophys., submitted 2002

Krijger, J.M., P. Heinzel, W. Curdt, W. Schmidt, Dynamic behaviour of the upper solar atmosphere: II. SUMER/SOHO, TRACE and VTT observations, Astron. Astrophys., submitted 2002

Rouppe van der Voort, L.H.M., R.J. Rutten, P. Sütterlin, P.J. Sloover and J.M. Krijger, La Palma observations of umbral flashes, Astron. Astrophys., submitted 2002

Rutten, R.J. and J.M. Krijger, Dynamics of the solar chromosphere IV. Evidence for atmospheric gravity waves from TRACE, Astron. Astrophysics., submitted 2002

2002 (submitted to a non-refereed journal and not yet published as of 31 December 2002) Bettonvil, F.C.M., R.H. Hammerschlag, P. Sütterlin, A.P. Jägers and R.J. Rutten, Multi- wavelength imaging system for the Dutch Open Telescope, Procs. SPIE 4853, in: Innovative Telescopes and Instrumentation for Solar Astrophysics, eds. S.L. Keil and S.V. Avakyan, in press, 2003.

Hammerschlag R.H., A.P.L. Jägers, F.C.M. Bettonvil, Large Open Telescope: size upscaling from DOT to LOT, Procs. Innovative telescopes and instrumentation for Solar Astrophysics, eds. S.L. Keil, S.V. Avakyan, SPIE 4853, in press, 2003.

Rutten, R.J., Upper Photosphere Dynamics, in: Procs. IAU Symp. 210, Modelling of Stellar Atmospheres, eds. N.E. Piskunov, W.W. Weiss, D.F. Gray, in press, 2003.

Rutten, R.J., Utrecht Radiative Transfer Courses, in: Procs. Tübingen Conference, Stellar Atmospheric Modeling, eds. I. Hubeny, D. Mihalas, K. Werner, ASP, in press, 2003.

Rutten, R.J., The Dutch Open Telescope, in: Astronomy with small telescopes in the Era of Large Telescopes, ed. Terry Oswalt, Kluwer, Dordrecht, in press, 2003.

Rutten, R.J., High-Resolution Solar Physics, in: Probing the sun with high resolution, ed. S.C. Tripathy, Udaipur Solar Observatory, in press, 2003.

448 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 13 : Solar Astronomy Program Leader : Prof. dr. R. J. Rutten

Rutten, R.J., Solar Atmosphere Models, J. Astron. Data, in press, 2003.

Wiersma, J., R.J. Rutten, T. Lanz, NLTE in a Hot Hydrogen Star: Auer & Mihalas revisited, in: Procs. Tübingen conference, Stellar Atmospheric Modeling, eds. I. Hubeny, D. Mihalas, K. Werner, ASP, in press, 2003.

449 Utrecht University, Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Program 13 : Solar Astronomy Program Leader : Prof. dr. R. J. Rutten

450 University : Utrecht University Institute : Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Research director : Prof. dr. B. de Wit

APPENDIX A Faculty Board, Research Programs and Chairs

Faculty Board per 31 December 2002 prof. dr. H. Rudolph dean of the Faculty of Physics and Astronomy prof. dr. B. de Wit director Research Institute Physics and Astronomy prof. dr. W.F. van der Weg director Julius School of Physics and Astronomy drs. J. de Wolde director of Administration mw. J. Andriese advisory member on behalf of the staff mw. N. de Jeu advisory member on behalf of the students

Research Programs per 31 December 2002

1. Atom Optics and Ultrafast Dynamics Chair holder(s): Dijkhuis / Van der Straten Program leader: prof. dr. J.I. Dijkhuis

2. Soft Condensed Matter and Biophysics Chair holder(s): Van Blaaderen Program leader: prof. dr. A. van Blaaderen

3. Surfaces, Interfaces and Devices Chair holder(s): Habraken / Rudolph / Schropp / Van der Weg Program leader: prof. dr. F.H.P.M. Habraken

4. History and Foundations of Science Chair holder(s): Dieks / Van Helden Program leader: prof. dr. D.G.B.J. Dieks

5. Physics of man: Human Perception Chair holder(s): Koenderink Program leader: prof. dr. J.J. Koenderink

6. Perceptual Motor Integration Chair holder(s): Erkelens Program leader: prof. dr. C.J. Erkelens

7. Physics Education Chair holder(s): Eikelhof / Lijnse Program leader: prof. dr. P. Lijnse

8. Subatomic Physics Chair holder(s): Kamermans / Peitzmann Program leader: prof. dr. T. Peitzmann

9. Astrophysics Chair holder(s): Achterberg / Lamers / Langer / Verbunt Program leader: prof. dr. N. Langer

451 University : Utrecht University Institute : Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Research director : Prof. dr. B. de Wit

10. Marine and Atmospheric Research Chair holder(s): De Ruijter / Dijkstra / Oerlemans Program leader: prof. dr. ir. H. Dijkstra

11. Quantum Gravity, Strings and Elementary Particles Chair holder(s): de Wit / ’t Hooft Program leader: dr. R. Loll

12. Condensed Matter Theory, Statistical and Computational Physics Chair holder(s): Stoof / van Beijeren / van Himbergen Program leader: prof. dr. ir. H.T.C. Stoof

13. Solar Astronomy Chair holder(s): vacancy Program leader: prof. dr. R.J. Rutten

Chairs per 31 December 2002

Full professors prof. dr. A. Achterberg Plasma-astrophysics prof. dr. D.G.B.J. Dieks Foundations and philosophy of natural sciences prof. dr. W.P.M. de Ruijter Physical oceanography prof. dr. B. de Wit Theoretical physics prof. dr. ir. H. Dijkstra Dynamical oceanography prof. dr. J. I. Dijkhuis Physics of condensed matter prof. dr. H. Eijkelhof Physics education prof. dr. C.J. Erkelens Physics of man prof. dr. F.H.P.M. Habraken Surface physics prof. dr. R. Kamermans Experimental subatomic physics prof. dr. J.J. Koenderink Physics of man prof. dr. H.J.G.L.M. Lamers Space research prof. dr. N. Langer Astrophysics prof. dr.Y.K. Levine Biophysics prof. dr. P. L. Lijnse Physics education prof. dr. J. Oerlemans Dynamic meteorology prof. dr. Th. Peitzmann Subatomic physics prof. dr. H. Rudolph Atomic and molecular physics prof. dr. R.E.I Schropp Physics of devices prof. dr. ir. H.T.C. Stoof Theory of condensed matter prof. dr. G. ’t Hooft Theoretical physics prof. dr. J. A. Tjon Theoretical physics prof. dr. H. van Beijeren Theoretical physics prof. dr. A. van Blaaderen Experimental physics of condensed matter prof. dr. P. van der Straten Experimental photon physics

452 University : Utrecht University Institute : Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Research director : Prof. dr. B. de Wit prof. dr. W.F van der Weg Technical physics prof. dr. A. van Helden History of physics prof. dr. J.E.J.M. van Himbergen Theoretical physics prof. dr. F. W. M. Verbunt High energy astrophysics

Part-time professors1 prof. dr. ir. J.A.M. Bleeker Space research prof. dr. H. J.M. Bos History of mathematics prof. dr. P. Kooijman Experimental subatomic physics prof. dr. E.L.M.P. Laenen Theoretical physics prof. dr. ir. J.D. Opsteegh Dynamic meteorology prof. dr. F.C. Schüller Plasma physics prof. dr. J.Th.F. Zimmerman Physical oceanography

Adjunct professors prof. dr. J. Dronkers Physics of coastal systems prof. dr. F.L. Feiner Theory of condensed matter prof. dr. H. Gerritsen Laser physics of complex biological systems prof. dr. ir. J.P. Goedbloed Theoretical plasma physics prof. dr. H. Heise Space research prof. dr. H.J.F. Knops Theoretical physics prof. dr. G.J. Komen Climate dynamics prof. dr. A. Polman Atomic and molecular physics prof. dr. W.C. Sinke Materials science of surfaces and thin films prof. dr. J. Smit Theoretical high energy physics

Visiting chairs Kramers chair Minnaert chair Debye chair

1 Part-time professors whose primary place of employment is not the Research Institute.

453 University : Utrecht University Institute : Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Research director : Prof. dr. B. de Wit

454 University : Utrecht University Institute : Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Research director : Prof. dr. B. de Wit

APPENDIX B Description of the Research Schools

Debye Institute and Research School Within the Debye Institute and Graduate School at Utrecht University the Faculties of Chemistry and Physics collaborate on the central research theme: Physics and Chemistry of Interfaces and Nanomaterials. The programs in the Debye Institute have been evaluated in 2002, as a part of the procedure for the renewed accreditation of the Debye Research School by the KNAW, which indeed was granted in 2002. For the evaluation report, see [4].

Scientific director: prof. dr. F.H.P.M. Habraken (UU).

External Advisory Committee: W.J.M. Agterof (Unilever) H.P.C.E. Kuipers (Shell) H. van Bekkum (TUD) J.A. Pals (Philips Research) G.J. Jongerden (Akzo-Nobel) J.H. van der Waals (LU) J. Joosten (DSM)

Huizinga Research School The Huizinga Research Institute and Graduate School for Cultural History is a co-operation between groups of nine Dutch universities. It was formally established February 1995 and the renewal of the accreditation by the KNAW toke place July 2000.

Scientific director: prof. dr. M.F. Gijswijt-Hofstra (UvA).

Advisory Committee: H.F. Cohen (UT) P.M. Op de Coul (chair; UU) W. van der Dussen (OU) N.C.F. van Sas (UvA) R. Lyall (VU) S. Stuurman (EUR) F. Korsten (KUN) P. Smith (LU) A. Labrie (MAU)

Helmholtz Institute and Research School The Helmholtz Institute is an interfaculty research institute of Utrecht University. The Institute is a collaboration of: Behavioural Biology (Faculty of Biology), Experimental Audiology (Faculty of Medicine), Functional Neurobiology (Faculty of Biology), Human Perception (Faculty of Physics and Astronomy), Perception Motor Integration (Faculty of Physics and Astronomy), Psychonomics (Faculty of Social Sciences)

The scientific mission of the Helmholtz Institute is to study perception and motor behaviour on various levels of complexity (cells, organs and organism). Presently, it is generally accepted that perception and motor behaviour are manifestations of the same information processing system and should be studied together. In order to study perception successfully, a multidisciplinary approach is essential in which concepts and methods from neurophysiology, biophysics, psychophysics and psychology are integrated.

455 University : Utrecht University Institute : Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Research director : Prof. dr. B. de Wit

The Helmholtz Institute found partners in the departments of Neuroscience and Audiology of the Erasmus University Rotterdam, the department of Experimental Audiology of the Free University Amsterdam and the department of Clinical and Experimental Audiology of the University of Amsterdam. Together they established a new research school, the Helmholtz Research School. The school received KNAW accreditation in 2000.

Scientific director: prof. dr. E.H.F. de Haan (UU).

Research School Board: J.J. Bolhuis (UU) G.F. Smoorenburg (chair; UU) C.I. de Zeeuw (EUR) A.V. van den Berg (UU) C.J. Erkelens (UU) J. van der Steen (EUR) J.M. Festen (VU) F.A.J. Verstraten (UU) J.J. Koenderink (UU) G.A. van Zanten (EUR)

Research School Subatomic Physics (OSAF) The Research School Subatomic Physics coordinates the educational program of PhD students working in Subatomic Physics. The partners in the research school are Experimental High Energy Physics (Nijmegen), Subatomic Physics (Utrecht), the National Institute for Nuclear Physics and High Energy Physics (NIKHEF), Subatomic Physics and Theoretical Physics (Amsterdam, VU), High Energy Physics (Amsterdam UvA). The school received KNAW accreditation in Spring 2000.

Prof. dr. J.J. Engelen is the present scientific director (UvA).

Educational Board: T.S. Bauer (NIKHEF) W. Kittel (KUN) J.F.J. van den Brand (VUA) J.H. Koch (NIKHEF) B. van Eijk (NIKHEF, UT) F.L. Linde (chair; UvA) J.J. Engelen (NIKHEF/UvA) G. van Middelkoop (VUA) K.J.F. Gaemers (UvA) P.J.G. Mulders (VUA) J.W. van Holten (NIKHEF)

The Netherlands Research School for Astronomy (NOVA) The Netherlands Research School for Astronomy is collaboration between the Universities of Amsterdam, Groningen, Leiden, Nijmegen and Utrecht. The mission of NOVA is twofold, namely to carry out front-line astronomical research in the Netherlands and to train young astronomers at the highest international level. NOVA was officially recognized by the KNAW as a research school in 1992 and its accreditation was last renewed in 2002.

Scientific director: prof. dr. P.T. de Zeeuw (UL).

456 University : Utrecht University Institute : Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Research director : Prof. dr. B. de Wit

NOVA Board: J. Bleeker (observer; SRON) F. Verbunt (UU) H. Butcher (observer; ASTRON) P.C. van der Kruit (RuG) H.J. Habing (observer; NCA) J. Kuijpers (KUN) E.P.J. van den Heuvel (chair; UvA) G.K. Miley (UL)

International Advisory Board: J.N. Bahcall (chair; Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, USA) R. Ekers (Australia Telescope National Facility, Epping, Australia) K.C. Freeman (Australian National University, Canberra, Australia) M.J. Rees (Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge, UK) F. Shu (University of California, Berkeley, USA) R. Sunyaev (Max Planck Institut für Astrophysik, Garching, Germany)

Buys Ballot Research School (BBOS) The Buys Ballot Research School is a collaboration between the Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research Utrecht (IMAU; chair) and the Meteorology and Air Quality Group, Wageningen University and Research Center (METAIR). Associated members are The Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Research Group of Atmospheric Physics TUE), National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Max-Planck-Institute für Chemie (Mainz) and Max-Planck- Institute für Meteorology (Hamburg). The research school was established in 2000 and received accreditation in 2000. The overall goal of the Buys Ballot Research School is to offer a stimulating and internationally orientated environment for high quality research in the field of fundamental and applied studies of the climate system, in which the education of students and young researchers is incorporated.

Scientific director: prof. dr. ir. H. Dijkstra (UU).

Governing Board W. de Ruijter (UU) B. Holtslag (WAU) L. de Steur (UU) M. Krol (UU) H. Dijkstra (UU) H. van Dop (UU) P. Hoekstra (UU)

Dutch Research School of Theoretical Physics (DRSTP) The Dutch Research School of Theoretical Physics is a collaboration between the theoretical physics groups of six Dutch universities (University of Amsterdam, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groningen University, Leiden University, University of Nijmegen, Utrecht University). The DRSTP offers, in addition to its research efforts, a joint program of postgraduate education in theoretical physics. Every second year the DRSTP organizes a scientific meeting that tries to present an up-to-date overview of theoretical physics in the Netherlands. The DRSTP has been accredited by the Royal Dutch Academy of Sciences in June 1994 and was re- accredited in June 1999.

457 University : Utrecht University Institute : Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Research director : Prof. dr. B. de Wit

Scientific director: prof. dr. ir. H.T.C. Stoof (UU).

Governing Board E.A. Bergshoeff (RUG) B. Nienhuis (chair; UvA) R.H. Kleiss (KUN) P.J. van Baal (UL) M.A.J. Michels (TUE) H. van Beijeren (UU)

Advisory Board J. Fröhlich (ETH Zürich, G. ’t Hooft (Utrecht University, the Switzerland) Netherlands) S. Sachdev (Yale University, USA) F. Wilczek (IAS, Princeton, USA) G. Sawatzky (University of British Columbia, Canada)

Educational Board P.A. Bobbert (TUE) M. de Roo (RUG) P.J.H. Denteneer (UL) L.G. Suttorp (UvA) H.J.F. Knops (KUN) H. van Beijeren (UU) P.J.G. Mulders (VUA)

458 University : Utrecht University Institute : Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Research director : Prof. dr. B. de Wit

APPENDIX C List of Acronyms

ABC Academic Biomedical Cluster (Utrecht) ACSEX Agulhas Current Sources Experiment AFM/STM Atomic Force Microscope/Scanning Tunneling Microscope, AFOSR Air Force Office of Scientific Research (USA) ALW NWO Council for Earth and Life Sciences AMOLF FOM institute for atomic and molecular physics AOUD Program acronym Atom Optics and Ultrafast Dynamics APS American Physical Society ASTRON Netherlands Foundation for Research in Astronomy AXIS Foundation to promote interest in training and education for science and technology BBOS Buys Ballot Research School BCN School of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurosciences (Groningen) BNL Brookhaven National Laboratory (USA). CCMS NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern Society CERN European Center for Subatomic Research (Geneva) CIE International Commission on Illumination (Wien, Austria) CITO Dutch Institute for Test Development (Arnhem) CKO Center for Climate Research CMU CMU Carnegie Mellon University (Pittsburgh) COACh Co-operation on Oceanic, Atmospheric and Climate Changes studies CW NWO Council for Chemical Sciences DFG Central public funding organization for academic research in Germany DOT Dutch Open Telescope DRSTP Dutch Research School of Theoretical Physics DSM Multinational chemical company (Heerlen) EC European Commission EC/RTN EC Research Training Network EC-US EC Cooperation Program in Higher Education and Vocational Education and Training EPICA European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica EPS European Physical Society ESA European Space Agency ESERA European Science Education Research Association ESF European Science Foundation ESMN European Solar Magnetometry Network ESO European Southern Observatory ESP NWO North-West European Shelf ESRF European Synchrotron Radiation Facility ETEX European Tracer Experiment EU-MAST European Marine, Science and Technology Program EUR Erasmus University Rotterdam EW NWO Council for Physical Sciences FMRI Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging FOM NWO Foundation for Fundamental Research on Matter Fte Fulltime equivalent FWO Fund for Scientific Research – Flanders (Belgium) GCSS GEWEX Cloud System Study GEWEX Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment GIREP International group for research in physics education GOME Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment. HFSP Human Frontier Scientific Program IAMAS International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science IGAC International Global Atmospheric Chemistry Project

459 University : Utrecht University Institute : Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Research director : Prof. dr. B. de Wit

IGG Institute for History and Foundations of Science (Utrecht) IMAU Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research (Utrecht) INDOEX The Indian Ocean Experiment (an International Atmospheric Field Experiment in the Indian Ocean) INTAS International association for scientific collaboration with NIS countries (EU) ISO Infrared Stellar Observatory (an European Space Agency mission) ISTC Institute of Scientific and technical Communicators (UK) ITF Institute for Theoretical Physics (Utrecht) ITR NSF Information Technology Research IUPAP-ICPE International Committee on Physics Education IVLOS Utrecht University Teacher Training Institute KNAW Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences KNMI National Research and Information Centre for Climate, Climatic Change and Seismology KUN University of Nijmegen LEI Leiden University MaGW NWO Social Science Research Council MARE Mixing of Agulhas Rings Experiment (NWO supported program) MEG-experiments Magneto-encephalographic experiments MINOS Mediterranean Intensive Oxidant Study MNRAS Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society NCA Netherlands Committee on Astronomy NCF National Computing Facilities Foundation (Netherlands) NCK National Center for Coastal Research NCR Netherlands Centre for Coastal Research NEESDI Netherlands Environmental Earth System Dynamics Initiative NFRA/Astron Netherlands Foundation for Radio Astronomy NICI Research Institute for Cognitive Science, Neuroscience, and Information Technology (Nijmegen) NIKHEF National Institute for Subatomic Physics in the Netherlands. NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research NITG Netherlands Institute of Applied Geoscience NIZO Research Institute for food (Ede, Netherlands) NNV Dutch Physica Society NOP National Research Program on Global Air Pollution and Climate Change NOVA Research School for Astronomy NOVEM Netherlands Agency for Energy and the Environment NSF National Science Foundation (USA) NSG Netherlands Research School of Sedimentary Geology NUI National University of Ireland NVON Dutch Science Teacher Association NWO Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research OCW Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture and Science OU Open University of the Netherlands PEEM Photo-electron emission microscopy PESC Physical and Engineering Sciences (ESF-scientific program) PIONIER NWO Innovational Research Incentives Scheme PROO NWO Program study for Research in the field of Educational Technology PUMA Pulsar Machine RIFTOZ Regional differences in tropospheric ozone in Europe - an analysis of its controlling phenomena RIKZ National Institute for Coastal and Marine Management RIVM Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency ROSAT NASA Röntgen Satellite Mission RUG University of Groningen RWS Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management

460 University : Utrecht University Institute : Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Research director : Prof. dr. B. de Wit

SCIAMACHY The SCanning Imaging Absorption SpectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY (ESA Envisat satellite) SINDICATE Study of the INdirect and Direct Inluences on Climate of Anthropogenic Trace Gas Emissions SIU Sterrekundig Instituut Utrecht (Astronomical Institute Utrecht) SLO Dutch Foundation for Curriculum Development SOHO Solar and Heliospheric Observatory SOZOU Foundation for Observational Solar Research Utrecht. SRON NWO Netherlands Space Research Organization SRON Space Research Organization Netherlands STCU Science & Technology Center in Ukraine STW NWO Technology Foundation TNO Netherlands Institute of Applied Science TRACE Trace Research & Development Center TUD Delft University of Technology TUE Eindhoven University of Technology UCG Utrecht University Center for Geosciences UM Maastricht University USAL Utrecht Surface Analysis Laboratory USEL Utrecht Solar Energy Laboratory UT University of Twente UU Utrecht University UvA University of Amsterdam (Universiteit van Amsterdam) VICI NWO Innovative Research Incentive Scheme VROM Netherlands Ministry of Spatial Planning, Housing and the Environment VSNU Association of Universities in the Netherlands VU Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam WAU Wageningen University WCRP World Climat Research Program WL Delft Hydraulics, an independent research institute and specialist consultancy based in the Netherlands WOCE World Ocean Circulation Experiment ZENIT Dutch Astronomy Magazine for the Netherlands and Belgium.

461 University : Utrecht University Institute : Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Research director : Prof. dr. B. de Wit

462 University : Utrecht University Institute : Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy Research director : Prof. dr. B. de Wit

APPENDIX D References

[1] Evaluation protocol 2003 for the review of the Research Institute of Physics and Astronomy of Utrecht University, March 2003.

[2] Standard Evaluation Protocol 2003-2009 for public research organizations in the Netherlands, December 2002.

[3] 1996 VSNU – Quality assessment of research: an analysis of physics in the Dutch universities in the nineties.

[4] 2002 VSNU - Quality assessment of research: assessment of chemistry and chemical engineering.

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