Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen
Geoinformation in the CAP – locating farmer’s fields
Simon Kay
Joint Research Centre of the European Commission
University of Milano, Dept. of Crop Science, 15 Nov 2006 1
Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen
Outline • GIS technology – scope, EU policy
• IACS-GIS, farmer interaction • On the spot checks, GNSS (GPS, Galileo) • Control with Remote Sensing
University of Milano, Dept. of Crop Science, 15 Nov 2006 2 Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen State of the art: geo-information technology in EU Policy today • Regulations for Agricultural subsidy management including GIS, RS technology – General agriculture (Reg 1782/03, originally 1593/00) – Olive oil (Reg 2366/98) • Links to Environment: – Statutory management requirements • Land Registry – Funding, not (direct) policy • INSPIRE – future…
University of Milano, Dept. of Crop Science, 15 Nov 2006 3
Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen
DG. ENV DG SANCO DG AGRI / CAP
Environment Animal health 1st PILLAR 2nd PILLAR directives and Public SPS + direct subs Rural Development Welfare health Arable land forage crops FAS* AEM LFA PQ, OF Others Nuts, tobacco, OT… ...... Nitrate Habitat Sludge Bird An. Ident Diseases Annual decl. 5 years commit.
Statutory Management Requirements GAEC * Good Farming Practices
Cross-Compliance
Eligibility Land use/ area checks
Land Parcel Identification System IACS
* GAEC: Good Agricultural & Environmental Conditions * FAS: Farm Advisory System University of Milano, Dept. of Crop Science, 15 Nov 2006 4 Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen
Creating the LPIS - The weight of history
Frontier Czech/ Austria: Same environment, different parcels…
University of Milano, Dept. of Crop Science, 15 Nov 2006
Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen Locating your field…
Total mis- matching (discordant) Small geometric discrepancies
Land use not Change in updated infrastructure (road or tracks)
Features not mapped
University of Milano, Dept. of Crop Science, 15 Nov 2006 Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen Dealing with legacy systems
University of Milano, Dept. of Crop Science, 15 Nov 2006 7
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From data to information
Transition from data to information, Jens Pohl
University of Milano, Dept. of Crop Science, 15 Nov 2006 8 Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen
From data to information
• Geo-Information technology as an enabler
– Focuses the data exchanged – Increases relevance
• Manage source data, improve access to information
University of Milano, Dept. of Crop Science, 15 Nov 2006 9
Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen
Geographic information (parcel referencing) example: link between food traceability and environment
Tracing production Chain ( time ) Gathering Fertilisers Process Feed /Seeds Distribution Crop/ Animal Pest / Herbicide Consumption
Parcel Geographic Farm Reference Landscape unit/ environ. vulnerable zones for environment Water basin X,Y (z) Region- Country
University of Milano, Dept. of Crop Science, 15 Nov 2006 10 Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen
Reference parcel – claimed parcel In IACS-GIS Acts as reference frame for Land Parcel Identification System Aid application
Use eligibility Location in aid Stable over recorded officially time application May be unstable Has unique over time identifier Boundary Area 1.02ha claimed by stored in 123xyz987xyz Use GIS declared by farmer 1.23ha farmer
Prevents Controlled Double object Declaration “Contracted” area in application Payment calculation Locates Area officially [claimed] land known
University of Milano, Dept. of Crop Science, 15 Nov 2006 11
Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen
Orthoimage use in IACS • Not mandatory – but in practice – 23 of 25 MSs use “wall to wall” orthoimagery • Remaining two MS use orthoimages for verification – Specification: • Colour, 50cm pixel frequent
• DEM <5m RMSEZ • Regular 5 year updates usually announced; in some cases 3 year updates • Sharing of dataset cost
University of Milano, Dept. of Crop Science, 15 Nov 2006 12 Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen
Orthoimage use in IACS
University of Milano, Dept. of Crop Science, 15 Nov 2006 13
Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen Implementation of IACS-GIS in EU Summary of choices: system and main reference – Agricultural parcels / Ortho-photos BE, MT, Part DE, IE (arable) – Farm Blocks ilots / Ortho-photos FR, CZ, SK, DE (BY), UK (Wales) – Blocks / Topo-maps UK (except Wales), SE – Blocks / Ortho-photos DK, IE, NL, FI, EE, LI, LT, HU Part DE – Blocks + Parcels / Ortho-photos PT, GR – Cadastre / Ortho-photos AT, IT, LU, ES, PL, SI, CY Part DE
But in fact: - LU, CY and SI will migrate to agricultural parcels or ilots… - ES established on cadastre, but parallel system (convergence planned) - Only 3 MS and 2 German Länder will continue to rely directly on Cadastre
University of Milano, Dept. of Crop Science, 15 Nov 2006 14 Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen Physical block - Denmark
University of Milano, Dept. of Crop Science, 15 Nov 2006 15
Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen
Drawing tools Sketch field Edit field • delete / add / move points • merge fields • split field • change field number Copy fields from last year Copy block border -> field Delete one / all field(s) Measure distance
University of Milano, Dept. of Crop Science, 15 Nov 2006 16 Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen
Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Directorate for Food, Fisheries and Agri Business
No. of Internet Internet % Full electr. applications applications Including GIS
2000 56,389 8,988 16% n/a 2001 53,922 10,865 20% n/a 2002 51,490 12,117 27% n/a 2003 48,546 14,760 30% 843 2004 47,454 16,941 36% 996
University of Milano, Dept. of Crop Science, 15 Nov 2006 17
Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen
SIGPAC demo, Spain
University of Milano, Dept. of Crop Science, 15 Nov 2006 18 Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen
Slovenia/CosyLab demo
University of Milano, Dept. of Crop Science, 15 Nov 2006 19
Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen A short tour of European IACS GIS
Primárna kresba TRNAVA 2-3 REGISTER PRODUKČNÝCH POĽNOHOSPODÁRSKYCH PLÔCH (LPIS)
NA POZADÍ DIGITÁLNEJ ORTOFOTOMAPY
TRNAVA 2-3 Súradnicový systém JTSK Prehľad územia Výškový systém - BPV - vytvorený fotogrametricky klad mapových listov 1 : 5000 TRNAVA 2-2 hranice katastrálnych území okresné hranice 4881
BorovceKocurice 4983 Senic a 8-9 Senica 7-9 Senica 6-9 Senic a 5-9 Senica 4-9 Senica 3-9 Senica 2-9 Senic a 1-9 Senica 0-9 Piešťany 9-9 Piešťany 8-9 Piešťany 7-9 4979 Buková Naháč Dechtice ChtelnicaDolný Lopašov Rakovice Trstín ŤapkovéVeselé Trnava 8-0 Trnava 7-0 Trnava 6-0 Trnava 5-0 Trnava 4-0 Trnava 3-0 Trnava 2-0 Trnava 1-0 Trnava 0-0 Hlohovec 9-0 Hlohovec 8-0 Hlohovec 7-0 Horné Dubovany Smolenice Horná KrupáHorné Dubové Nižná Dolné Dubovany Drahovce Trnava 8-1 Trnava 7-1 Trnava 6-1 Trnava 5-1 Trnava 4-1 Trnava 3-1 Trnava 2-1 Trnava 1-1 Trnava 0-1 Hlohovec 9-1 Hlohovec 8-1 Hlohovec 7-1 Kátlovce Piešťany Bíňovce Veľké Kostoľany Trnava 8-2 Trnava 7-2 Trnava 6-2 Trnava 5-2 Trnava 4-2 Trnava 3-2 Trnava 2-2 Trnava 1-2 Trnava 0-2 Hlohovec 9-2 Hlohovec 8-2 Hlohovec 7-2 Lošonec Dolné Dubové Radošovce Zákostoľany Paderovce Jalšové Trnava 8-3 Trnava 7-3 Trnava 6-3 Trnava 5-3 Trnava 4-3 Trnava 3-3 Trnava 2-3 Trnava 1-3 Trnava 0-3 Hlohovec 9-3 Hlohovec 8-3 Hlohovec 7-3 Boleráz Dolná Krupá Bohunice pri Trnave Pečeňady Madunice 4982 4917 Horné Orešany 4939 Jaslovce Trnava 8-4 Trnava 7-4 Trnava 6-4 Trnava 5-4 Trnava 4-4 Trnava 3-4 Trnava 2-4 Trnava 1-4 Trnava 0-4 Hlohovec 9-4 Hlohovec 8-4 Hlohovec 7-4 Klčovany Trnava Ratkovce Červeník 4968 Žlkovce Trnava 8-5 Trnava 7-5 Trnava 6-5 Trnava 5-5 Trnava 4-5 Trnava 3-5 Trnava 2-5 Trnava 1-5 Trnava 0-5 Hlohovec 9-5 Hlohovec 8-5 Hlohovec 7-5 4969 Špačince Malženice Košolná Bohdanovce nad Trnavou 4970 Šelpice Trakovice Leopoldov Trnava 8-6 Trnava 7-6 Trnava 6-6 Trnava 5-6 Trnava 4-6 Trnava 3-6 Trnava 2-6 Trnava 1-6 Trnava 0-6 Hlohovec 9-6 Hlohovec 8-6 Hlohovec 7-6 HlohovecHlohovec Dlhá Suchá nad Parnou Bučany Trnava 8-7 Trnava 7-7 Trnava 6-7 Trnava 5-7 Trnava 4-7 Trnava 3-7 Trnava 2-7 Trnava 1-7 Trnava 0-7 Hlohovec 9-7 Hlohovec 8-7 Hlohovec 7-7 Šulekovo 4962 Zvončín Borová Trnava Trnava 8-8 Trnava 7-8 Trnava 6-8 Trnava 5-8 Trnava 4-8 Trnava 3-8 Trn ava 2 -8 Trnava 1-8 Trnava 0-8 Hlohovec 9-8 Hlohovec 8-8 Hlohovec 7-8 Veľké Brestovany Malé Brestovany Ružindol Dolné Lovčice Horné Zelenice Bojničky Trnava 8-9 Trnava 7-9 Trnava 6-9 Trnava 5-9 Trnava 4-9 Trnava 3-9 Trn ava 2 -9 Trnava 1-9 Trnava 0-9 Hlohovec 9-9 Hlohovec 8-9 Hlohovec 7-9 Jablonec Biely Kostol Zavar Horné Lovčice Dolné Zelenice
4882 Prehľad susedných mapových listov mierke 1 : 50 000 4971
4940 4944 Trnava 3-2 Trnava 2-2 Trnava 1-2 4963
4972 4998 Trnava 3-3 Trnava 2-3 Trnava 1-3 TRNAVA 3-3 TRNAVA 1-3 TRNAVA 4973
4965
Trnava 3-4 Trnava 2-4 Trnava 1-4
4964 4967 4943
5005
5007
4966 5004
5008 5009 4984
5003
4985
4991 5000
4986 4988 4987 4989 TRNAVA 2-4 LEGENDA Objednávateľ: Ministerstvo pôdohospodársta SR Ortofotomapa vykazuje stav k: máj 2001 050 100 200 300 400 500 m LPIS Hranice fyzických blokov LPIS-u spracoval: VÚPOP BRATISLAVA 1 : 5000 Ortofotomapu zhotovil: EUROSENSE s.r.o. Výskumný ústav pôdoznalectva a ochrany pôdy klad mapových Tlač: VÚPOP Bratislava (2002) Gagarinova 10, 827 13 Bratislava, Slovakia listov 1 : 5000 fax: 421 02 43 295 48 Hranice LPIS (C) VÚPOP Bratislava tel.: 421 02 43 292 000 Digitálna ortofotomapa - (C) EUROSENSE s.r.o. Bratislava University of Milano, Dept. of Crop Science,Mapový podklad15 (C) Nov Úrad geodézie, 2006 kartografie a katastra Slovenskej republiky, 2001 20 TRNAVA 2-3 Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen
IACS-GIS – Czech Republic
• Multipurpose mapping for agricultural areas: orthophoto + GIS
University of Milano, Dept. of Crop Science, 15 Nov 2006 21
Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen IACS-GIS in HUNGARY • Ortho-photos • 100% , colour 50cm, 2000 • flooded areas (5,4%) new images taken in 2003. • Block Creation: • 100 % in September 2003. • 302 000 blocks, 32 ha average size. • Cadastre - ancillary info • visible on the pre-printed maps for 2004 claims • Link with farmers • consultation Oct-Nov 2003 • 19 regional + 135 local MARD offices
Courtesy of FÖMI University of Milano, Dept. of Crop Science, 15 Nov 2006 22 Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen
Measuring a field: the CAP way • GNSS (GPS, Galileo) • Area measurement • Not boundary survey • Trace of absolute position • Integration with other data • Orthoimage, existing boundaries • Real time • Decision in the field
University of Milano, Dept. of Crop Science, 15 Nov 2006 23
Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen
• Signal related error
• Operator protocol error
University of Milano, Dept. of Crop Science, 15 Nov 2006 24 Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen Measuring a field, simulation using Galileo EGNOS signal
• Variance of measurement can be modelled as function of vertices • Hypothesis – observed empirically – that under certain conditions, variance of area estimate is weakly influenced by perimeter length
Bogaert, P., Delincé, J., Kay S. (2005) Assessing the error of polygonal area measurements: a general formulation with applications to agriculture, Meas. Sci. Technol. 16 (2005) 1170–1178
University of Milano, Dept. of Crop Science, 15 Nov 2006 25
Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen Measuring a field, simulation using Galileo EGNOS signal
Bogaert, P., Delincé, J., Kay S. (2005) Assessing the error of polygonal area measurements: a general formulation with applications to agriculture, Meas. Sci. Technol. 16 (2005) 1170–1178
University of Milano, Dept. of Crop Science, 15 Nov 2006 26 Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen
Validating area measurement methods • Study objectives: – Review and evaluate the existing JRC validation approach; – Review the statistical basis for such assessment, with reference to industry standard approaches (e.g. ISO 5725); – Demonstrate by conducting the necessary field experiments – Provide the interpretation of these results
Study contract partners: • AGH University of Science and Technology (Kraków, PL): Dept of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing • University of Warmia and Mazury (Olsztyn, PL): Dept of Satellite Geodesy and Navigation • Faculté Universitaire des Sciences Agronomiques (Gembloux, BE): Dept of Statistics and Computer Science
University of Milano, Dept. of Crop Science, 15 Nov 2006 27
Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen
Google Earth GPS track Demo
University of Milano, Dept. of Crop Science, 15 Nov 2006 28 Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen
EU Control with Remote Sensing, 2004
• 22 MS involved in the program (AT,EE,FI out) 100% %CwRS/OTSC 90%
– 25 contractors 80% – More than 164 000 farms 70% checked 60% 50%
– ~800 images 40% 2 – VHR, >50,000km 30% 20%
10%
• 2005: 0% IT C Y NL E S FR MT DK HU LU UK CZ IE DE BE- ES BE-FL LT EL PL LV SK SI – Budget >€5M And WA – VHR acquisition planned ~150,000km2
University of Milano, Dept. of Crop Science, 15 Nov 2006 29
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EU control image acquisition 2005, sites
• 182 HR • 163 VHR
University of Milano, Dept. of Crop Science, 15 Nov 2006 30 Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen
• Farms selected with 80% of area inside site) are selected (except dossiers <2ha)
• Limitation due to the environment
University of Milano, Dept. of Crop Science, 15 Nov 2006 31
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Winter rape seed
Winter Wheat Winter barley
Alfalfa
Sugar beet Grain maize Summer barley
Built up area
QuickBird Image - panmerge PAN Resolution 60 cm TEUE, DE – 2004 CwRS sit
University of Milano, Dept. of Crop Science, 15 Nov 2006 32 Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen
Example QB site (3,200 km2) acquired over 2 months
IT CAMP 2004
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MARS ImageServer demo
University of Milano, Dept. of Crop Science, 15 Nov 2006 34 Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen
Google Earth WMS Demo
University of Milano, Dept. of Crop Science, 15 Nov 2006 35
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Google Earth WMS demo
University of Milano, Dept. of Crop Science, 15 Nov 2006 36 Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen
Summary • Geo-information technology is well embedded in EU policy – Agriculture is the leading example • EU wide datasets are developed, operational – Some already widely used • Access policy is member state responsibility – and variable – But INSPIRE is supposed to change this • Orienting applications and services for users is critical – Information, not data
University of Milano, Dept. of Crop Science, 15 Nov 2006 37