Architectural Glass Mutates As Building Teams Innovate Courtesy Enclos Courtesy
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| GLASS + GLAZING INNOVATIONS | ARCHITECTURAL GLASS MUTATES AS BUILDING TEAMS INNOVATE COURTESY ENCLOS COURTESY Project teams Author info are using technologies like digital ceramic printing to incorporate graphic pat- terns and imagery in glass panels. ovel concepts in glass and concluding that a “lack of qualified skilled LEARNING OBJECTIVES glazing are opening new vistas workers was by far the largest concern for After reading this article, in the buildings world. From glazing contractors entering 2019.” you should be able to: massive openings and bent Product availability has been hampered + DISCUSS cold-bent glass versus panels to decorative finishes in a few cases by international trade heat-treated glass forming. and integrated smart technolo- tariffs. The first step in inventive glass de- + DESCRIBE the challenges of large glass gies, a cornucopia of glass in- sign strategies is to ensure the products, openings. novations have been hitting the market in fabricators, and glaziers are available to + LIST techniques for silk-screening and Nrecent years. A review of new projects and meet the plan requirements and fulfill the spandrel treatments. recent product introductions gives an idea delivery order. + DESCRIBE the use of films, coatings, of the astounding range—and a few key For those touring factories or attend- and fritting. lessons to live by—in today’s institutional ing the major glass expos, one answer to and commercial sectors. the shortages is seen in the increasingly In many geographies, however, frustrated automated operations in float glass plants Sponsored by building teams also face shortages of and finishing operations. At the shows skilled specialty contractors and glaziers to glasstec and GlassBuild, as well as Fin- help build their visions. The U.S. Glass News land’s Glass Performance Days, present- Network has reported on its own studies ers have demonstrated sealing robots and 54 | BUILDING DESIGN+CONSTRUCTION | November 2019 new automated machines for insulating and lami- nating panels and air-cushion tempering, as well as EDMON LEONG systems for faster processing of glass edges. Advantages for building teams include faster and more reliable processing of bent glass (and curved glass), a fast-growing trend in recent years. “While this technology has been around for some time, recent advancements now enable larger and more complex bent shapes to be created,” according to the fabricator Dillmeier Glass Co. “This has expand- ed its uses, and driven increased demand, including for glass railings, awnings, and even walls.” Early examples include Frank Gehry’s Nationale- Nederlanden Building in Prague, with its tower of curved glass, as well as the Kunsthaus Graz mu- seum in Austria. More recently, the 3,000-plus cold- Increased demand for trans- bent and laminated panels made of safety glass parency, views, and daylight for Apple’s headquarters in Cupertino, Calif., were has led to the fabrication of designed by architect Foster and Partners alongside monolithic glass panels in sizes previously unseen. The the German maker Seele and its subsidiary fabrica- new 53W53 project in New tor, Sedak. Sedak manufactured 872 cold-bent York City features a diagrid laminates constructed out of two large-scale panes, façade with glass units up to 28.5 feet tall by about including insulated safety glass. 7 feet in width. Unlike conventional sag bending or slumping using heat to soften the panels, cold-bent glass turns flat plates into curved shapes at ambient to laminated glass using temperatures, and the process can be completed polyvinyl butyral (PVB) after the glass is tempered. Some manufactur- interlayers. Using less heat ers are even cold-bending insulated glazing units than an oven, the laminated (IGUs) with good results, as used in commercial panels help each other hold structures such as the IAC Headquarters in New the designed shape, with York, designed by Gehry Partners and built by the ionomer layer up to 100 Turner Construction. times stiffer than PVB. Con- Cold-bending techniques push flat glass into a tractors note the preshaped frame for the desired bending. The heating ap- panels can be easier to in- proaches generally have been more expensive, stall, and some assemblies employing molds and large tempering ovens or kilns can be completed at the to fashion the desired bends and curves, yet the plant to speed construction, processes are equally reliable. However, experts with seals and railings ready for sitework, according note that for double curvatures, sharp bends, and to Sedak, which has introduced new lamination bend right angles, heating is the best specification. Many processes in recent years. fabricators have adjustable bending ovens that no longer require molds, instead using moveable sec- LARGE GLASS OPENINGS tions to customize the bed for the designed shape. Another obstacle trending in recent years has Cold bending has limits in terms of shaping glass been increasing end-user demand for larger glass and may also introduce undesirable optical and openings requiring expensive monolithic panels in reflective qualities in the installed product. sizes previously unseen. These are being applied Another approach to shaping panels, called to a range of building types and market sectors, lamination bending, employs a pressurized autoclave including for interior partitions, according to the to sandwich heat-strengthened panels to ionoplast fabricator Dillmeier, based in Van Buren, Ark. Very interlayers, which studies show can improve struc- large architectural units have been used in recent tural properties and weather resistance as compared projects in sizes up to 11 feet wide and 20 feet BDCuniversity.com | BUILDING DESIGN+CONSTRUCTION | 55 | GLASS + GLAZING INNOVATIONS | including trapezoidal modules and large units up to An emerging decorative technique 28.5 feet tall by about 7 feet in width, according to 3M VIA ARCHITONIC is the application of multilayered the façade consultant Vidaris and the curtain wall polymeric films, often called dichroic filters. The polymeric films selec- maker Enclos. tively admit light in a small range of “Installing large units in the middle of Manhattan colors while reflecting other colors, at such great heights in front of a unique structure appearing to be highly saturated with color that shifts depending on have required several equipment innovations that the viewing angle. continue to aid the field crews in safe installation,” according to Enclos. Other challenges for projects like these include “heightened acoustical perfor- high. Total areas of more than 200 sf mance, and combinations of geometric complexity are now commonly specified for both and transparency,” says Jeffrey Vaglio, PhD, PE, AIA, interior and exterior uses. LEED AP, Vice President of the Enclos Advanced Recent examples include the new Technology Studio. “More projects are incorporat- 53W53 project in New York City, ing curved glass, double-skin façade box-window designed by Adamson Associates, systems, and more use of terra cotta features Ateliers Jean Nouvel, SLCE Architects, integrated into the curtain wall system.” and engineer WSP USA for a Hines Yet, it’s the improving economics of large glass subsidiary developer. Located by the opening that make them feasible today, according Museum of Modern Art, the building’s to Brian Savage, a Product Manager with Viracon, lower floors add 52,000 sf of exhibition space for who concluded in a recent white paper, “The op- the cultural institution behind an oversize motorized portunity to incorporate these bigger glass units door measuring 34 feet by 17 feet 8 inches. Above into the design of buildings with minimal overall that, a diagrid façade presents unique glass units investment is driving the trend from the east and CITIES ADVANCE CODES—AND GLASS SAFETY n In municipalities around in 70 years. ties that lag the rest of the of fire-rated glazing should the country, building teams What’s behind the drive country in code adoption will be used for the application are watching carefully as toward the 2018 IBC is an ultimately pay in terms of the because it is clearly outlined authorities having jurisdiction increased focus on safety, in- health, safety, and welfare of in these tables,” said Diana (AHJs) adopt the latest Inter- cluding glass systems safety. the public, of businesses, of San Diego, Vice President of national Building Code, its “These guidelines,” accord- visitors, and of the commu- Marketing at SaftiFirst, in a 2018 iteration, in major build- ing to Milrose, “encompass nity’s future vitality,” NIBS said USGlass Magazine interview. ing markets, from Chicago to numerous structural design in a joint statement with other In addition to these safety New York State. best practices meant to pro- federal agencies. improvements, the Interna- New York is adopting the mote quality commercial and As an example, the 2018 tional Code Council (ICC) has 2018 I-Codes this fall, ac- residential development and IBC safety changes include shown how I-Code adoptions cording to Josh Breeden of thereby ensure tenant health recognition of two types of also make construction more Milrose Consultants, describ- and safety.” fire-rated glass referenced in affordable. “The new code ing its transition period of A study by the National Chapter 7: fire-protection and represents the first compre- approximately 90 days and Institute of Building Sciences fire-resistance glass. The IBC hensive revisions to the build- a mandatory effective date (NIBS) on natural hazard miti- also defines where those safe- ing code in 70 years and will after January 2020. Chicago gation looked at the benefits ty glass types may be used make construction in Chicago adopted the 2018 IBC in April of designing buildings to meet and any related limitations. more affordable by expanding of this year, which experts the 2018 IBC and found major “Moving forward, there should options to design and build describe as a major change advantages: For every dollar be less confusion among with a wider range of materi- for a city where no major code invested, localities receive architects, building officials, als and technologies,” the updates have been embraced $11 of benefit.