April Genocide Prevention Month
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A Matter of Comparison: the Holocaust, Genocides and Crimes Against Humanity an Analysis and Overview of Comparative Literature and Programs
O C A U H O L S T L E A C N O N I T A A I N R L E T L N I A R E E M C E M B R A N A Matter Of Comparison: The Holocaust, Genocides and Crimes Against Humanity An Analysis And Overview Of Comparative Literature and Programs Koen Kluessien & Carse Ramos December 2018 International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance A Matter of Comparison About the IHRA The International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (IHRA) is an intergovernmental body whose purpose is to place political and social leaders’ support behind the need for Holocaust education, remembrance and research both nationally and internationally. The IHRA (formerly the Task Force for International Cooperation on Holocaust Education, Remembrance and Research, or ITF) was initiated in 1998 by former Swedish Prime Minister Göran Persson. Persson decided to establish an international organisation that would expand Holocaust education worldwide, and asked former president Bill Clinton and former British prime minister Tony Blair to join him in this effort. Persson also developed the idea of an international forum of governments interested in discussing Holocaust education, which took place in Stockholm between 27–29 January 2000. The Forum was attended by the representatives of 46 governments including; 23 Heads of State or Prime Ministers and 14 Deputy Prime Ministers or Ministers. The Declaration of the Stockholm International Forum on the Holocaust was the outcome of the Forum’s deliberations and is the foundation of the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance. The IHRA currently has 31 Member Countries, 10 Observer Countries and seven Permanent International Partners. -
Entanglements of Modernity, Colonialism and Genocide Burundi and Rwanda in Historical-Sociological Perspective
UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS Entanglements of Modernity, Colonialism and Genocide Burundi and Rwanda in Historical-Sociological Perspective Jack Dominic Palmer University of Leeds School of Sociology and Social Policy January 2017 Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy ii The candidate confirms that the work submitted is their own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the work of others. This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. ©2017 The University of Leeds and Jack Dominic Palmer. The right of Jack Dominic Palmer to be identified as Author of this work has been asserted by Jack Dominic Palmer in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would firstly like to thank Dr Mark Davis and Dr Tom Campbell. The quality of their guidance, insight and friendship has been a huge source of support and has helped me through tough periods in which my motivation and enthusiasm for the project were tested to their limits. I drew great inspiration from the insightful and constructive critical comments and recommendations of Dr Shirley Tate and Dr Austin Harrington when the thesis was at the upgrade stage, and I am also grateful for generous follow-up discussions with the latter. I am very appreciative of the staff members in SSP with whom I have worked closely in my teaching capacities, as well as of the staff in the office who do such a great job at holding the department together. -
Chapter 7. Remembering Them
University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository University of Calgary Press University of Calgary Press Open Access Books 2017-02 Understanding Atrocities: Remembering, Representing and Teaching Genocide Murray, Scott W. University of Calgary Press http://hdl.handle.net/1880/51806 book http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives 4.0 International Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca UNDERSTANDING ATROCITIES: REMEMBERING, REPRESENTING, AND TEACHING GENOCIDE Edited by Scott W. Murray ISBN 978-1-55238-886-0 THIS BOOK IS AN OPEN ACCESS E-BOOK. It is an electronic version of a book that can be purchased in physical form through any bookseller or on-line retailer, or from our distributors. Please support this open access publication by requesting that your university purchase a print copy of this book, or by purchasing a copy yourself. If you have any questions, please contact us at [email protected] Cover Art: The artwork on the cover of this book is not open access and falls under traditional copyright provisions; it cannot be reproduced in any way without written permission of the artists and their agents. The cover can be displayed as a complete cover image for the purposes of publicizing this work, but the artwork cannot be extracted from the context of the cover of this specific work without breaching the artist’s copyright. COPYRIGHT NOTICE: This open-access work is published under a Creative Commons licence. This means that you are free to copy, distribute, display or perform the work as long as you clearly attribute the work to its authors and publisher, that you do not use this work for any commercial gain in any form, and that you in no way alter, transform, or build on the work outside of its use in normal academic scholarship without our express permission. -
Balkanlar the Balkans
DOSYA / FILE: Balkanlar The Balkans ULUSLARARASI SUÇLAR ve TARİH Yıllık Uluslararası Hukuk ve Tarih Dergisi INTERNATIONAL CRIMES and HISTORY Annual International Law and History Journal sayı / issue Panslavizmin Çarlık Rusyası’nın ve Sovyetler Birliği’nin 17 Balkan Politikaları Üzerindeki Etkisi 2016 Ali ASKER - Merve Suna ÖZEL ÖZCAN The Making of the Rhodopean Borders and Construction of the Pomak Identities in the Balkans Cengiz HAKSÖZ Yugoslavya’nın Dağılması Bağlamında Josip Broz Tito ve Slobodan Miloseviç’in Söylem ve Politikalarının İncelenmesi İbrahim Fevzi GÜVEN Kosova ve Kırım Vakalarının Uluslararası Hukuk Perspektifinden Karşılaştırmalı Bir Analizi Abdullah TUNÇ - Hamdi Fırat BÜYÜK The Fabricated Pontus Narrative and Hate Speech Teoman Ertuğrul TULUN RAPOR / REPORT 81. Yılında Montrö Sözleşmesi’nin Karşılaştığı Güvenlik Sorunları ve Sözleşmenin Feshi ve Tadili İçin Girişimler Vukuunda Karşılaşılacak Senaryoların Analizi Mustafa Şükrü ELEKDAĞ ULUSLARARASI SUÇLAR VE TARİH INTERNATIONAL CRIMES AND HISTORY Yıllık Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi Annual International Peer-Reviewed Journal 2016, Sayı / Issue: 17 ISSN: 1306-9136 EDİTÖR / EDITOR E. Büyükelçi - Ambassador (R) Ömer Engin LÜTEM SORUMLU YAZI İŞLERİ MÜDÜRÜ / MANAGING EDITOR Dr. Turgut Kerem TUNCEL İMTİYAZ SAHİBİ / LICENSEE AVRASYA BİR VAKFI (1993) Bu yayın, Avrasya Bir Vakfı adına, Avrasya İncelemeleri Merkezi tarafından hazırlanmaktadır. This publication is edited by Center for Eurasian Studies on behalf of Avrasya Bir Vakfı. YAYIN KURULU / EDITORIAL BOARD Alfabetik Sıra ile / In Alphabetic Order Prof. Dr. Dursun Ali AKBULUT E. Büyükelçi / Ambassador (R) Alev KILIÇ (Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi) (Avrasya İncelemeleri Merkezi Başkanı) E. Büyükelçi / Ambassador (R) Yiğit ALPOGAN E. Büyükelçi / Ambassador (R) Ömer Engin LÜTEM (AVİM Danışmanı) (Avrasya İncelemeleri Merkezi Onursal Başkanı) Prof. Dr. Ayşegül AYDINGÜN E. -
The U.S. Response to the Burundi Genocide of 1972
James Madison University JMU Scholarly Commons Masters Theses The Graduate School Spring 2012 The .SU . response to the Burundi Genocide of 1972 Jordan D. Taylor James Madison University Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/master201019 Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Taylor, Jordan D., "The .SU . response to the Burundi Genocide of 1972" (2012). Masters Theses. 347. https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/master201019/347 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the The Graduate School at JMU Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of JMU Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The U.S. Response to the Burundi Genocide of 1972 Jordan D. Taylor A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of JAMES MADISON UNIVERSITY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Master of Arts History May 2012 Dedication For my family ! ii! Acknowledgements I would like to thank my thesis committee for helping me with this project. Dr. Guerrier, your paper edits and insights into America during the 1970s were invaluable. Dr. Owusu-Ansah, you helped me understand the significant impacts of the Belgian colonial legacy on independent Burundi. Dr. Seth, you provided challenging questions about the inherent conflicts between national sovereignty and humanitarian intervention. All these efforts, and many more, have helped to strengthen my thesis. I would also like to give a special thanks to my parents. Dad, your work on the Nigerian Civil War served as my guiding light throughout this project, and mom, I never would have been able to transcribe the Nixon Tapes without your help. -
Genocide Bibliography
on Genocide The Armenian Genocide A Brief Bibliography of English Language Books Covering Four Linked Phases Genocide Facts Presentation of Oral and Written Evidence for the Armenian Genocide in the Grand Committee Room, The House of Commons London 24th April 2007 First and Second Editions 2007, with Addenda 2009, Third Edition 2011, Fourth Edition 2013, Fifth Edition Centennial Presentation, the 1st of January, 2015 Sixth Edition © English By Français T.S. Kahvé Pусский Español Ararat Heritage Հայերեն London Português 2017 Genocide: Beyond the Night, by Jean Jansem, detail photography by Ararat Heritage PREFACE There are certain polyvalent developments of the past that project prominently into the contemporary world with pertinent connotations for the future, decisively subsuming the characteristics of permanence. Their significance dilates not only because well organised misfeasance bars them from justice, but also because of sociological and psychological aspects involving far-reaching consequences. In this respect, the extensive destruction brought about by the Armenian Genocide and the substantive occupation of Armenia’s landmass by its astonishingly hostile enemies will remain a multifarious international subject impregnated with significant longevity. Undoubtedly, the intensity of the issue in motion will gather momentum until a categorically justifiable settlement is attained. A broad reconstruction programme appears to be the most reasonable way forward. PREAMBLE 1st. PRELUDE TO GENOCIDE Encompasses the periods referred to as the Armenian Massacres; mainly covering the years 1894 - 96 and Adana 1909. Some titles in the bibliography record the earlier international treaties that failed to protect the Armenians. Only a small number of works have been included, predominantly relevant to this period. -
2021 International Day of Commemoration in Memory of the Victims of the Holocaust
Glasses of those murdered at Auschwitz Birkenau Nazi German concentration and death camp (1941-1945). © Paweł Sawicki, Auschwitz Memorial 2021 INTERNATIONAL DAY OF COMMEMORATION IN MEMORY OF THE VICTIMS OF THE HOLOCAUST Programme WEDNESDAY, 27 JANUARY 2021 11:00 A.M.–1:00 P.M. EST 17:00–19:00 CET COMMEMORATION CEREMONY Ms. Melissa FLEMING Under-Secretary-General for Global Communications MASTER OF CEREMONIES Mr. António GUTERRES United Nations Secretary-General H.E. Mr. Volkan BOZKIR President of the 75th session of the United Nations General Assembly Ms. Audrey AZOULAY Director-General of UNESCO Ms. Sarah NEMTANU and Ms. Deborah NEMTANU Violinists | “Sorrow” by Béla Bartók (1945-1981), performed from the crypt of the Mémorial de la Shoah, Paris. H.E. Ms. Angela MERKEL Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany KEYNOTE SPEAKER Hon. Irwin COTLER Special Envoy on Preserving Holocaust Remembrance and Combatting Antisemitism, Canada H.E. Mr. Gilad MENASHE ERDAN Permanent Representative of Israel to the United Nations H.E. Mr. Richard M. MILLS, Jr. Acting Representative of the United States to the United Nations Recitation of Memorial Prayers Cantor JULIA CADRAIN, Central Synagogue in New York El Male Rachamim and Kaddish Dr. Irene BUTTER and Ms. Shireen NASSAR Holocaust Survivor and Granddaughter in conversation with Ms. Clarissa WARD CNN’s Chief International Correspondent 2 Respondents to the question, “Why do you feel that learning about the Holocaust is important, and why should future generations know about it?” Mr. Piotr CYWINSKI, Poland Mr. Mark MASEKO, Zambia Professor Debórah DWORK, United States Professor Salah AL JABERY, Iraq Professor Yehuda BAUER, Israel Ms. -
By Any Other Name: How, When, and Why the US Government Has Made
By Any Other Name How, When, and Why the US Government Has Made Genocide Determinations By Todd F. Buchwald Adam Keith CONTENTS List of Acronyms ................................................................................. ix Introduction ........................................................................................... 1 Section 1 - Overview of US Practice and Process in Determining Whether Genocide Has Occurred ....................................................... 3 When Have Such Decisions Been Made? .................................. 3 The Nature of the Process ........................................................... 3 Cold War and Historical Cases .................................................... 5 Bosnia, Rwanda, and the 1990s ................................................... 7 Darfur and Thereafter .................................................................... 8 Section 2 - What Does the Word “Genocide” Actually Mean? ....... 10 Public Perceptions of the Word “Genocide” ........................... 10 A Legal Definition of the Word “Genocide” ............................. 10 Complications Presented by the Definition ...............................11 How Clear Must the Evidence Be in Order to Conclude that Genocide has Occurred? ................................................... 14 Section 3 - The Power and Importance of the Word “Genocide” .. 15 Genocide’s Unique Status .......................................................... 15 A Different Perspective .............................................................. -
Genocide Prevention Responsibility to Protect
UNITED NATIONS OFFICE ON GENOCIDE PREVENTION AND THE RESPONSIBILITY TO PROTECT 866 United Nations Plaza, Suite 600, New York, NY 10017 USA www.un.org /preventgenocide /adviser Tel: 917-367-4961; E-mail: [email protected] The Special Advisers on the Prevention of Genocide and on the Responsibility to Protect, who have distinct but complementary mandates, work together to advance national and international efforts to protect populations from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity, as well as their incitement. Core functions of the Office Monitoring and risk assessment: Collecting infor- Enhancing capacity: Working to build the capacity of mation, primarily from within the United Nations system, the United Nations, Member States, regional and sub- and conducting assessments of situations worldwide that regional organisations and civil society through training could lead to genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and and technical assistance to strengthen prevention, early crimes against humanity, or their incitement. warning and response capacity. Associated activities Associated activities » Collect and assess information from United Nations » Conduct training seminars for United Nations staff as and other sources; well as representatives of government and civil soci- ety to promote greater awareness of the causes and » Analyze developments worldwide based on the processes of atrocity crimes; build capacities for pre- Office’s Analysis Frameworks, which identify factors vention, early warning and the assessment and -
Mass Media and Genocide Prevention: the Promise and Peril of the Digital Age
9 December 2020 Mass Media and Genocide Prevention: The Promise and Peril of the Digital Age Remarks delivered by Dr. Simon Adams, Executive Director of the Global Centre for the Responsibility to Protect, on 9 December 2020 at a virtual event marking the International Day of Commemoration and Dignity of the Victims of the Crime of Genocide and of the Prevention of this Crime, hosted by the Permanent Mission of Armenia to the UN Thank you, Mr. Moderator, and thank you to the Permanent Mission of Armenia for organizing today’s event. This annual day is an opportunity for us to come together as an international community and honor victims of genocide: a crime that diminishes us all and challenges our very sense of what makes us human. We should always keep in mind that from the genocide inflicted on the Herero and Nama people of Namibia in 1904, at the very start of the twentieth century, to ongoing attempts to destroy entire peoples today, genocide is a crime that must be organized and incited. And that means that it can also be prevented and punished. Today we renew our commitment to the prevention of genocide. But we must also reinvigorate our understanding of ongoing risks to vulnerable populations around the world and assess our collective capacity to prevent aspiring genocide perpetrators from harvesting fear and targeting the vulnerable. The 15th anniversary of the adoption of the principle of the Responsibility to Protect was commemorated earlier this year, as was the 105th anniversary of the Armenian genocide. The topic of today’s meeting is very timely. -
A Brief History of the Ottoman Greek Genocide (1914-1923)
A Brief History of the Ottoman Greek Genocide (1914-1923) Asia Minor, also called Anatolia (from the Greek for “sunrise”), is a geographic Contemporary Eyewitness Accounts and historical term for the westernmost part of Asia. From the 9th century BC to the 15th century AD, Asia Minor played a major role in the development of From The Blight of Asia, by George Horton, U.S. Consul-General in the western civilization. Since 1923, Asia Minor has comprised the majority of the Near East, 1926: Republic of Turkey. “In January, 1916, the Greek deportations from the Black Sea began. These Greeks came through the city of Marsovan by thousands, walking for the Greek settlements in Asia Minor date as far back as the 11th century BC when most part the three days’ journey through the snow and mud and slush of Greeks emigrated from mainland Greece. They founded cities such as Miletus, the winter weather. Thousands fell by the wayside from exhaustion and Ephesus, Smyrna, Sinope, Trapezus, and Byzantium (later known as Constantinople, others came into the city of Marsovan in groups of fifty, one hundred and five the capital of the Byzantine Empire). These cities flourished culturally and hundred, always under escort of Turkish gendarmes. Next morning these poor economically. Miletus was the birthplace of pre-Socratic Western philosophy refugees were started on the road and destruction by this treatment was even and of the first great thinkers of antiquity, such as Thales, Anaximander, and more radical than a straight massacre such as the Armenians suffered before.” (p. 194) Anaximenes. -
Medz Yeghern "The Great Crime
Katastrophe "Total Destruction" Greek Genocide 1914-1923 Background Greeks have lived in Turkey for thousands of years. Greek communities were primarily concentrated around the regions of Pontus, Cappadocia, and the Aegean sea. Under the Millet system, Greeks managed to preserve their religion and culture, yet remained second-class citizens under Ottoman law. The Young Turks and later the Republic of Turkey sought to create Map of Massacre Sites a "pure" Turkish state and embarked on a decade-long campaign of expulsion and genocidal massacres of Greek communities across Turkey. Testimonials Key Perpetrators "You couldn’t get the women to give up their Talaat Pasha Extermination dead babies. They’d have babies dead for six Ottoman Minister of days. Wouldn’t give them up. Nothing you The Greek Genocide began in 1914 with massive could do about it. Had to take them away Interior Affairs deportation and execution campaigns in the regions of finally. Then there was an old lady, most extraordinary case. I told it to a doctor and Topal Osman - Turkish Eastern Thrace, Pontus, and Anatolia. Using the same he said I was lying. We were clearing them off bandit leader in Pontus methods employed against the Ottoman Armenian and the pier, had to clear off the dead ones, and this old woman was lying on a sort of litter. Assyrians, under direct order from the ruling Committee They said, “Will you have a look at her, sir?” Djemal Pasha for Union and Progress (CUP), Turkish gendarmes, So I had a look at her and just then she died Ottoman Minister of and went absolutely stiff" - Ernest the Navy Kurdish militias, and freed criminals embarked on a Hemingway.