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Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-86620-0 - Continent of Curiosities: A Journey Through Australian Natural History Danielle Clode Index More information

INDEX

Page numbers in italics refer to illustrations, Bare-Backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia moluccensis), plates and their accompanying captions. 92 Baret, Jeanne, 31 A barking spider (Selenocosima crassipes), 38 Acacia (Wattles), 66, 67 Bass, George, 30 Forest Wattle (Acacia frigiscens), 70 Batavia (ship), 18 Mountain Hickory Wattle (Acacia Baudin expedition, 89–92 obliquinervia), 70 Bennett, George, 14 Silver Wattle (Acacia dealbata), 70 biogeography, 137–8, 154–8 Acheron River, 61 dispersal, 154 adaptation vicariance, 156 of behaviour, 102 Wallace develops, 138–46 to cold, 110 Bird Rock Cliffs (Victoria), 95 to fire, 67 birds, classification of, 143–4 Agassiz, Louis, 94–5 Australian Bustard (Ardeotis australis), 34 American Mink (Mustela vison), 102, 102 Brolga (Grus rubicundus), 34 Antilopine Wallaroo (Macropus antilopinus), Cassowary (Casuarius spp.), facing 148 facing 36 Chestnut Quail-Thrush (Cinclosoma Antarctic Icefish (Champocephalus gunnari), 110 castanotus), facing 133 apes Great Pampa-Finch (Embernagra platensis), classification, 123–6 3,5 Museum Victoria display, 115, 124, 125 Mrs Gould’s Sunbird (Aethopyga gouldiae), archaebacteria, 164–5, see also bacteria facing 36 Asian dragon (Calotes spp.), 105 Pied Goose (Anseranas semipalmata), 34 Astacopsidrilus, 158 Piopio (Turnagra capensis), 155 atlases, see maps Powerful Owl (Ninox strenua), 61 Austral Grass-tree (Xanthorrhoea australis), ratites, facing 148, 155–6 facing 68 Red Bird of Paradise (Paradisea rubra), 131 Australian Bustard (Ardeotis australis), 34 Sacred Kingfisher (Halcyon sancta), 56 Australopithecus africanus, 127 Sulphur-crested Cockatoo (Cacatua galerita), 141 B Black-footed Rock Wallaby (Petrogale lateralis), Babirusa pig (Babyrousa babyrussa), 153 34 bacteria Blackburn, James, 45 archaebacteria, 164–5 Blandowski,William, 30, 32 in meteorites, 166–71 brain, evolution, 103, 121, 121–2 in Mountain Ash forest, 61 Brazenor, Charles, 11, 75–8 nanobacteria, 165 Broadnosed Sevengill Shark (Notorynchus Phormidium tenuissimum, 170 cepedianus), facing 53 Banded Hare Wallaby (Lagostrophus fasciatus), Brolga (Grus rubicundus), 34 17, 18 Broom, Robert, 73, 73–4 Banks, Joseph, 134 Brown Dorcopsis (Dorcopsis muelleri), 27–8 describes kangaroo, 14, 16–17, 24 Bruijn, Cornelis de, 17, 27

206

© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-86620-0 - Continent of Curiosities: A Journey Through Australian Natural History Danielle Clode Index More information

Brush-tailed Bettong (Bettongia penicillata), 35 dams, 47 Brush-tailed Phascogale (Phascogale tapoatafa), 6 Thomson River, 47 Buffon, Georges, 16, 134 Yan Yean reservoir, 45–6, 49–50 Burramys parvus, see Mountain Pygmy-possum Darragh, Tom, 93, 98–100 (Burramys parvus) Darwin, Charles, 95 Burrowing Bettong (Bettongia lesueur), 34, 92 collaboration with Wallace, 133–4 description of Australian vegetation, 66 C influence of Lyell, 150 Calaby, John, 80 natural selection, 97, 116, 160 Candlebark (Eucalyptus rubida), 67 use of trigonia, 94, 100 Candolle, Augustin, 134 and progressionism, 119 Cassini, Giovanni, 162 specimens, 3,5,8 Cassowary (Casuarius spp.), facing 148 Davidson,William, 48 catastrophic theory (geology), 148–9 Deep Impact mission, 170 catchment management, 46, 48, 49, see also Descalier, Pierre, 21 water supply Descartes, René, 106, 106 Chameleon (Chameleo vulgaris), 105 Desert Bandicoot (Perameles eremiana), 35–6 Chestnut Quail-Thrush (Cinclosoma Desliens, Nicolas, 21–2 castanotus), facing 133 Dieppe maps, 21–2, 22 Chocolate Wattled Bat (Chalinolobus monio), 61 Dietrich, Amalie, 31 classification, 6–7, facing page 101 dinosaurs apes, 123–6 Australia, 103, see also Leaellynasaura birds, 143–4 amicagraphica difficulties, 127 hypsilophodontids, 103, 113, 114 humans, 123–6 intelligence, 104 indigenous knowledge, 33, 39 popular representation, 102 and molecular genetics, 143 Qantasaurus intrepidus, facing 100 climate dispersal, see biogeography Australia, 109 distribution of species, 134, see also and fire frequency, 66 biogeography and species distribution, 83 effect of fire, 68 Coleman, Arthur P., 151 indigenous knowledge, 34–7 Coleman, Edith, 31 recorded in museum collections, 34 Common Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), 123 Wallace’s investigation, 134–8 anatomy, 117, 117, 118 Dixon, Joan, 80 Common Opossum (Didelphis virginiana),20 d’Urville, Captain Dumont, 58, 90–1, 93 continental drift, 143–4, 151–5, 152, 156 Dusky Pademelon (Thylogale brunii), 17, 27–8 convergent evolution, 127–8 Cook, Captain James E Endeavour journal, 14, 15 Eastern Grey Kangaroo (Macropus giganteus), specimens, 16–17 16 Cooper, Alan, 155 Eastern Quoll (Dasyurus viverrrinus), 34 Copernican galaxy, 160, 160 Eastern Wallaroo (Macropus robustus), 15, Coventry, John, 57, 69, 78 16–17, facing 20 Coventry’s Skink (Niveoscincus coventryi), 57, echinoderms, 158 69,69 Emperor Gum Moth (Opodiphthera eucalypti), creationism, 94–5, 97, 134–5 61, facing 68 Crescent Nailtail Wallaby (Onychogalea lunata), Eucalyptus 34 Candlebark (Eucalyptus rubida), 67 Ctenotus skinks, facing 37,39 Messmate (Eucalyptus obliqua), 60, 67 cuscus (Phalanger orientalis),26 Mountain Ash (Eucalyptus regnans), 49, 59, Cuvier, Georges, 148–9 59 Mountain Grey Gum (Eucalyptus D cypellocarpa), 60 Daintree, Richard, 95 Snow Gum (Eucalyptus pauciflora), 67 Dampier,William, 17 Stringybark (Eucalyptus baxteri), 67

index 207

evolution H ancestral relationships, 121 Hahn, Otto, 167–8 theories of, 93–5, see also adaptation; Hairpin Banksia (Banksia spinulosa), 67, facing 69 natural selection; transmutation Halford, George Britton, 122 extinctions, mass, 88, 149 on convergent evolution, 127–8 extraterrestrial life, 160, 170–1 dispute with Huxley, 124–6 Hall, Thomas, 98–100 F Hare-wallaby (Lagorchestes spp.), 34 Fat-tailed Pseudoantechinus (Pseudoantechinus Historie of Four-footed Beastes,20 macdonnellensis), 38 Honeypot Ant (Camponotus inflatus), 37 Ferntree Gully (Victoria), facing 53 Hoover, Richard, 170 Ferret (Mustela putorius), 102 Horn Expedition, 11, 35–8 fire Howitt, Alfred, 32, facing 37 approaches to control, 65 Hoyle, Frederick, 168 effect on species distribution, 68 Hunter, Tom, 76 effect on vegetation, 66–7 Huon Pine (Dacrydium franklinii), 70 European response, 64 Hutton, James, 148, 150 frequency, 64, 66–8 Huxley, Thomas Henry, 116 role in forest development, 63 dispute with Halford, 123–6 fish on natural selection, 116–17 Antarctic Icefish (Champocephalus gunnari), progressionism, 116–20, 119 110 on quadrumanous apes, 123–6 Broadnosed Sevengill Shark (Notorynchus Huygens, Christiaan, 162 cepedianus), facing 53 hydrocarbons in meteorites, 167 Spotted Wobbegong Shark (Orectolobus hypsilophodontids, 103, 113, 114 maculatus), facing 53 Weedy Seadragon (Phyllopterax taeniolatus), I facing 85 indigenous knowledge Wolf Herring (Chirocentrus dorab), 11 Adnyamathanha (people), 34–5 Flannery, Tim, 27 Braiakaulung (people), 33, 33–4 Forest Wattle (Acacia frigiscens), 70 contribution to science, 30, 32, 38–40 forests, 58–9 Mutitlulu Community, 38 Mountain Ash, 59–62, 60, 68–70 recorded, 32 bacteria in, 61 Ritarango (people), facing 36 economic value, 81 insects natural development, 62–3, 81–2 aquatic, facing 52 role of fire in, 63 Emperor Gum Moth (Opodiphthera Franklin, Jane, 31 eucalypti), 61, facing 68 Honeypot Ant (Camponotus inflatus), 37 G specimens, facing 132 Gaimard, Charles, 91 invertebrates, Galton, Peter, 113 see also insects, bacteria genetics, see molecular genetics Astacopsidrilus, 158 geological change, influence on distribution barking spider (Selenocosima crassipes), 38 of species, see biogeography echinoderms, 158 geological theory, 148–50 Macquarie Island Seastar (Crossaster Goanna (Varanus giganteus), 105 multispinus), 158, 158 Gondwana, 151–2 Neotrigonia margaritacea, 87, see also Gould, Elizabeth, 31, 31, facing 36 trigonia Gould, John, 31, facing 36 oligochaetes worms, 157 Gould’s Mouse (Mus gouldi), 36–7 Pseudoboeckella brevicaudata, 157–8 Great Pampa-Finch (Embernagra platensis), 3, Riffle Beetle (Sclerocyphon spp.), 43 5 Spelaeogriphacea, 147 Greater Bilby (Macrotis lagotis), 35–6, 36,72 velvet-worm (Peripatoides),61 Grizzled Tree Kangaroo (Dendrolagus inustus), Water Penny (Sclerocyphon spp.), 43 facing 21, 27–8 introduced animals, 72

208 index

Leaellynasaura amicagraphica, 104 Jenkins, H. M., 98, 99 adaptation to cold, 109–11 Jode, Gerard and Cornelis de, 22–4, 23, 27–8 brain, 104, 107–8 Johnson, Samuel, 14 fossils, 108 habitat, 108–9 K optic tectum, 111–14 kangaroo pineal-parietal complex, 107 Antilopine Wallaroo (Macropus antilopinus), Lesser Bilby (Macrotis leucura), 8, 29, 34–6 facing 36 Lindenmayer, David, 78 Banded Hare Wallaby (Lagostrophus Linnaeus, Carolus, 16, 20 fasciatus), 17, 18 Lombok, 135–6 Banks’ description of, 14, 16–17, 24 Long-haired Rat (Rattus villosissimus), 34 Black-footed Rock Wallaby (Petrogale Long-leaf Wax-flower (Eriostemon lateralis), 34 myoporoides), 61 Brown Dorcopsis (Dorcopsis muelleri), 27–8 Lowell, Percival, 161, 161–2, 171 classification, 16 Lydekker, Richard, 138 Crescent Nailtail Wallaby (Onychogalea Lydekker Line, 138, 146 lunata), 34 Lyell, Charles, 137, 148, 148 Dusky Pademelon (Thylogale brunii), 17, 27–8 Principles of Geology, 149, 150, 151 Eastern Grey Kangaroo (Macropus giganteus), 16 M Eastern Wallaroo (Macropus robustus), 15, Macquarie Island, 157–8 16–17, facing 20 Macquarie Island Seastar (Crossaster European discovery, 14–19, 15 multispinus), 158, 158 Grizzled Tree Kangaroo (Dendrolagus Mahogany Glider (Petaurus gracilis), 83, facing 84 inustus), facing 21, 27–8 Malthus, Thomas, 133 Hare-wallaby (Lagorchestes spp.), 34 mammals indigenous knowledge, 13, facing 20,28 American Mink (Mustela vison), 102, 102 neonate, 19 Australopithecus africanus, 127 Sthenurinae, 18 Babirusa pig (Babyrousa babyrussa), 153 Tammar Wallaby (Macropus eugenii), 18–19, Bare-Backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia 35 moluccensis), 92 Tasmanian Pademelon (Thylogale Chocolate Wattled Bat (Chalinolobus billardieri), 34 monio), 61 tree-kangaroos (Dendrolagus spp.), 113 Ferret (Mustela putorius), 102 Kershaw, James, 11 Gould’s Mouse (Mus gouldi), 36–7 Kershaw,William, 10–11 Long-haired Rat (Rattus villosissimus), 34 Kultarr (Antechinomys laniger), 38 Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus), 56 Sandy Inland Mouse (Pseudomys L hermannsburgensis), 37 Lace Monitor (Varanus varius), 105, 105 White-footed Tree-Rat (Conilurus albipes), Lamarck, Jean Baptiste de, 90 32, facing 37 on transmutation, 97, 137, 149 see also apes, Common Chimpanzee, use of trigonia, 93–4, 94, 100 marsupials, kangaroos, Leadbeater’s Lamb, Charles, 14 Possum, Mountain Pygmy-possum L’Astrolabe (ship), 91 maps, see Dieppe maps expedition, 90–3 Marcus Vitruvius Pollio, 46, 48 Leadbeater, John, 10, 74 Mars, 163, 163 Leadbeater’s Possum (Gymnobelideus canals, 161–2, 162 leadbeateri), facing 69, 77 life, 160, 162–3 behaviour, 77 bacterial, 166–7 discovery, 74–6 marsupials future, 83–4 Brush-tailed Bettong (Bettongia penicillata), habitat, 61, 70, 81–2 35 rediscovery, 75–8 Brush-tailed Phascogale (Phascogale specimens, 71, 75 tapoatafa), 6

index 209

Burramys parvus, see Mountain Pygmy- Mount Etna, 149 possum (Burramys parvus) Mountain Ash (Eucalyptus regnans), 49, 59, 59 Burrowing Bettong (Bettongia lesueur), 34, 92 adaptation to fire, 67 Common Opossum (Didelphis virginiana),20 forests, see forests, Mountain Ash cuscus (Phalanger orientalis),26 Mountain Grey Gum (Eucalyptus cypellocarpa), Desert Bandicoot (Perameles eremiana), 35–6 60 distribution, 20 Mountain Hickory Wattle (Acacia early European depictions, 20, 22, 27–8 obliquinervia), 70 Eastern Quoll (Dasyurus viverrrinus), 34 Mountain Pygmy-possum (Burramys parvus), Fat-tailed Pseudoantechinus 74, 79 (Pseudoantechinus macdonnellensis), 38 behaviour, 79–80 Greater Bilby (Macrotis lagotis), 35–6, 36,72 discovery, 73–4 Indonesian, 27–8 distribution, 82 Kultarr (Antechinomys laniger), 38 future, 82–4 Lesser Bilby (Macrotis leucura), 8, 29, 34–6 rediscovery, 78, 80 Mahogany Glider (Petaurus gracilis), 83, Mrs Gould’s Sunbird (Aethopyga gouldiae), facing 84 facing 36 Portugese knowledge of, 26–8 Mueller, Ferdinand von, 46, 48 reproduction, 19–20 Murray,Andrew, 138 Ringtail Possum (Pseudocheirus peregrinus), Museum of Natural and Economic 34 Geography, 10, see also Museum Victoria Quokka (Setonix brachyurus), 17, 24 Museum of Victoria, 11, see also Museum Southern Opossum (Didelphis marsupialis), Victoria 20 Museum Victoria, vii–viii, 5, 10–12 Western Barred Bandicoot (Perameles ape display, 115, 124, 125 bougainville), 35, 36 Wallace specimens, 142 see also kangaroos, Leadbeater’s Possum, museums, 4–5, viii–ix Mountain Pygmy-possum curators, 8–9 Mayr, Ernst, 139, 143 scientists, 12 McCoy, Frederick, 10, 10–11, 74 specimens, 8 creationism, 97, 125 Myrtle Beech (Nothofagus cunninghamii), 60 identifies trigonia, 95–7, 98–100 and Wallace, 142 N McCoy’s Skink (Nannoscincus maccoyi), 69 nanobacteria, 165, see also bacteria McIntyre, Kenneth, 22 National Museum of Victoria, 10, 10–11, see Megalania prisea,8 also Museum Victoria Melbourne, 44, 48–9 natural selection, 132–3 floods, 55, 55 Darwin, 97, 116, 160 river system, 53, 56 use of trigonia, 94, 100 water supply, see water supply, Melbourne explains convergent evolution, 127 Melbourne Exhibition, 1854, 96 Huxley, 116–17 Melbourne Museum, 11, see also Museum Wallace, 116, 132–3 Victoria Neotrigonia margaritacea, 87, see also trigonia Messmate (Eucalyptus obliqua), 60, 67 nipple origin hypothesis (marsupials), 19 meteorites ALH84001, 166, 166–7 O evidence of life, 166–70 O’Hara, Tim, 158 Murchison (Victoria), 159, 170 oligochaetes worms, 157 microfossils, 169 opossum, 21, see also Common Opossum; Orgueil (France), 166–8, 170 Southern Opossum Metrodorus of Chios, 160, 171 optic tectum, 103, 112 microfossils, 168, 168–70 Osborne, Megan, 82 Mivart, St George, 125–7 molecular genetics P and biogeography, 155–6 Palaeopetaurus elegans, 73–4, see also Leadbeater’s and classification, 143 Possum (Gymnobelideus leadbeateri)

210 index

Pasteur, Louis, 168 Rich, Tom, 108, 113 Pelsaert, Francisco, 18–19 Ride, David, 74 Péron, François, 17, 89–90, 90 Riffle Beetle (Sclerocyphon spp.), 43 specimens, facing 85 Ringtail Possum (Pseudocheirus peregrinus), 34 Pflug, Hans-Dietrich, 169 Roedder, Ed, 169 Phormidium tenuissimum, 170 Rottnest Island, 17 Pied Goose (Anseranas semipalmata), 34 pineal-parietal complex, 105–6, 106, 111 S Pinzò, Vincente Yàñez, 20 Sacred Kingfisher (Halcyon sancta), 56 Piopio (Turnagra capensis), 155 Saint-Hilaire, Geoffroy, 149 plants, Sandy Inland Mouse (Pseudomys Austral Grass-tree (Xanthorrhoea australis), hermannsburgensis), 37 facing 68 Schiaparelli, Giovanni, 161 Hairpin Banksia (Banksia spinulosa), 67, science facing 69 contribution of amateurs, 30 Huon Pine (Dacrydium franklinii), 70 contribution of indigenous Australians, see Long-leaf Wax-flower (Eriostemon indigenous knowledge, contribution to myoporoides), 61 science Myrtle Beech (Nothofagus cunninghamii), 60 contribution of women, 31 Southern Sassafras (Atherosperma evidence, 160 moschatum),60 Science Museum of Victoria, 11, see also Tasmanian Tree Fern (Dicksonia antarctica), Museum Victoria 61 Sclater, Philip, 136–7, 138–9 Tree Geebung (Persoonia arborea), 61 sewerage treatment (Melbourne), 50, 50–3, see also Eucalyptus, Acacias 52 Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus), 56 Sewers and Water Supply Board, 45 Port Phillip Bay, 53–5 Shaw, George, 16 Portugese discovery of Australia, 20–6 Silver Wattle (Acacia dealbata), 70 Powerful Owl (Ninox strenua), 61 Simpson, George, 139–40 progress (concept), 119 Simpson, Ken, 39 progressionism (evolutionary), 116–22, 119 Smith, Andrew, 77 prosimians, 153, 154 Snow Gum (Eucalyptus pauciflora), 67 Pseudoboeckella brevicaudata, 157–8 Southern Opossum (Didelphis marsupialis), 20 Q Southern Sassafras (Atherosperma moschatum), Qantasaurus intrepidus, facing 100 60 Quokka (Setonix brachyurus), 17, 24 Southern Water Skink (Eulamprus tympanum), Quoy, Jean-René, 91, 93 68,69 Spain, interest in Australasia, 25–6 R Spelaeogriphacea, 147 ratites, facing 148, 155–6 Spencer,Walter Baldwin, 10–11, 37 Red Bird of Paradise (Paradisea rubra), 131 and indigenous knowledge, 35–8 reptiles, investigates pineal-parietal complex, 105 Asian dragon (Calotes spp.), 105 specimens, 29, 71, 74–5 Chameleon (Chameleo vulgaris), 105 Spencer’s Skink (Pseudemoia spenceri), 69 Coventry’s Skink (Niveoscincus coventryi), Spotted Wobbegong Shark (Orectolobus 57, 69,69 maculatus), facing 53 Ctenotus skinks, facing 37,39 State Library of Victoria, 11 Goanna (Varanus giganteus), 105 Sthenurinae, 18 Lace Monitor (Varanus varius), 105, 105 Stringybark (Eucalyptus baxteri), 67 McCoy’s Skink (Nannoscincus maccoyi), 69 stromatolites, facing 149 Megalania prisea,8 Stubbs, George, 15 Southern Water Skink (Eulamprus subterranean archaebacteria, 165 tympanum), 68,69 Sulphur-crested Cockatoo (Cacatua galerita), Spencer’s Skink (Pseudemoia spenceri), 69 141 see also dinosaurs Sydney, 44

index 211

T W Tammar Wallaby (Macropus eugenii), 18–19, Wakefield, Norman, 78 35 Wallace, Alfred Russel, 133, 139–40, vii Tasmanian Pademelon (Thylogale billardieri), collaboration with Darwin, 133–4 34 collector, 141–2 Tasmanian Tree Fern (Dicksonia antarctica), 61 and distribution of species, 134–8, 136, teeth, 114 143–4 Temple of Serapis, 151 influence of Lyell, 150 Thomson River, 47 on natural selection, 116, 132–3 Topsell, Rev. Edward, 20,20 specimens, 131, facing 132 Torres, Luis Vaez de, 27 Wallace Line, 136, 138–40, 139, 143 transmutation, 97, 137, 149 evidence, 144–6, 145 use of trigonia, 93–4, 94, 100 Wallacea, 139–40 Treaty of Tordesillas, 25 Water Penny (Sclerocyphon spp.), 43 Tree Geebung (Persoonia arborea), 61 water supply, see also catchment management tree-kangaroos (Dendrolagus spp.), 113 London, 45 trigonia, 88, 94, see also Neotrigonia Melbourne, 45–53, facing 52,56 margaritacea New York,44 classification, 93 wattle (Acacia), 66, 67 fossils, 89, 94–8 Weber, Max, 139 living species, 92 Weedy Seadragon (Phyllopterax taeniolatus), rediscovery, 89–92 facing 85 T.margaritacea, 92, 92, see also Neotrigonia Wegener, Alfred, 151–4 margaritacea continental drift, 160 T.semiundulata, 95–6, 98, 99 Werribee sewage farm, 51–3 T.subundulata, 95–6, 98, 99 Western Barred Bandicoot (Perameles Tyson, Edward, 20, 117 bougainville), 35, 36 White-footed Tree-Rat (Conilurus albipes), 32, U facing 37 uniformitarian theory (geology), 150 Wickramasinghe, Chandra, 168 University of Melbourne, 5,10 Wilberforce, Archbishop Samuel, 118 Urey, Harold, 168 Wilkinson, Eric, 76, 78 Wolf Herring (Chirocentrus dorab), 11 V Wombeyan Caves, 73 velvet-worm (Peripatoides),61 Vicker-Rich, Pat, 108, 113 Y Vlamingh,Willem de, 17, 24 Yan Yean reservoir, 45–6, 49–50 Volkerson, Samuel, 17 Yarra River, 50–1

212 index