DOI: http://doi.org/10.18941/venus.74.3-4_89 Short Notes ©The Malacological Society of Japan89

Short Notes

The Valid Names for Some Land Snail Taxa in the Ryukyu Islands

Yuichi Kameda Center for Molecular Biodiversity Research, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4-1-1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0005, Japan; [email protected]

The scientific name and/or identification of an of Ganesella Blanford, 1863. These taxa were organism are often changed by systematic revisions subsequently moved to the genus Satsuma A. based on new approaches such as molecular Adams, 1868 (Kuroda & Habe, 1949; Minato, 1988). phylogeny, but the valid names and authorships Two replacement names have since been proposed can be changed by other reasons: e.g., rediscovery for this taxon – Ganesella erabuana Kuroda, 1958 of an earlier description, misidentification and the and Luchuhadra erabuensis Kuroda, 1963. On the incorrect use of manuscript names. Among the other hand, Minato (1982), who revised this taxon, Japanese land snails, Paludinella yamamotonis recognized Satsuma erabuensis Minato, 1978 as the Minato, 1973 (= Cavernacmella yamamotonis) valid substitute name, and this name has generally and Diplommatina takashimae Tada, 1989 are been used (e.g., Azuma, 1982; Minato, 1988; recent examples of accidental description by using Kameda, & Kato, 2008; but see Tomiyama et al., manuscript names (Fukuda & Ponder, 2003; H. 2003). Citing personal communication with Dr. T. Ishikawa, pers. comm.). Older literature is more Habe, Minato (1982) considered that Kuroda (1958) likely to be involved with problems of authorship, did not intend to establish a new replacement name, with a recent example being the change in the and that Kuroda’s replacement name (1963) is also authorships of three Ogasawarana species from unavailable because G. s. okinoerabuensis Pilsbry Minato (1980) to Kuroda (1956) and Wagner & Hirase, 1905 and E. okinoerabuensis Pilsbry (1909) (Callomon, 2015). Recent examples of & Hirase, 1904 were placed in different genera. misidentifications include Helix lewisii Smith, 1878, Kameda & Kato (2008), who regarded this taxon as which was moved from a junior synonym of a subspecies of Satsuma eucosmia (Pilsbry, 1895), Satsuma myomphala (Martens, 1865) to Satsuma also followed this opinion and therefore used S. mercatoria (Pfeiffer, 1845) via its tentative use as the eucosmia erabuensis Minato, 1978. However, the senior synonym of Satsuma oshimae (Pilsbry, 1901) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (Azuma, 1986; Habe, 1993), and Helix conospira Fourth Edition (ICZN; International Commission on Pfeiffer, 1851 (used as Trishoplita conospira) which Zoological Nomenclature, 1999) Art. 13.1.3 states was revealed to be a senior synonym of Lepidopisum that a valid name must “be proposed expressly as verrucosum (Reinhardt, 1877) (Yamashita, 2002). a new replacement name (nomen novum) for an In this paper I revise four land snail taxa in available name, whether required by any provision the Ryukyu Islands from the taxonomical and of the Code or not”. Luchuhadra erabuensis Kuroda, nomenclatural points of views. 1963 satisfies this requirement, and therefore Minato (1978) is regarded as a combination change for Ganesella sororcula okinoerabuensis Pilsbry & Kuroda’s name. Hirase, 1905 On the other hand, Kuroda (1958: 145–146) This subspecies name has been a junior secondary stated “Okinoerabu-yamataka-maimai, or erabuana homonymy of Eulota (Euhadra) okinoerabuensis [okinoerabuensis change of name] Kuroda”. Although Pilsbry & Hirase, 1904, since Kuroda & Taki he did not mention the author of “okinoerabuensis”, (1933) regarded Coniglobus Pilsbry & Hirase, the name unambiguously corresponds to that of 1905 (including E. okinoerabuensis) as a subgenus Pilsbry & Hirase (1905) because he assigned the 90 VENUS 74 (3–4), 2016 above Japanese name to this taxon and recognized proposed at different ranks,... the name proposed the secondary homonymy (Kuroda, 1953: 41). at higher rank takes precedence”. Consequently, N. Therefore, Ganesella erabuana Kuroda, 1958 is a bipyramidalis automatically has precedence over N. valid replacement name under ICZN Art. 13.1.3 and o. proximata because the latter was established at 72.4.1.1. Consequently, the name Satsuma eucosmia lower (subspecies) rank. erabuana (Kuroda, 1958) should be used for this taxon, and Ganesella sororcula okinoerabuensis Cyclophorus turgidus (Pfeiffer, 1851) auct. and Pilsbry & Hirase, 1905 is permanently invalid Cyclophorus turgidus angulatus Pilsbry, 1902 because the replacement was done before 1961 [“1901”] (ICZN Art. 59.3). Both these taxa were described from the Ryukyu Islands. Nowadays most Japanese authors treat Yakuena Habe, 1956 and Luchuena Habe, 1956 smaller individuals as Cyclophorus turgidus turgidus, Both genera were established by Habe (1956) and larger, carinate ones as C. t. angulatus, both of with the type species being Ena luchuana nesiotica which occur on Okinawa Island (e.g., Azuma, 1982; Pilsbry & Hirase, 1909 and Buliminus eucharistus Kubo & Kurozumi, 1995). Whereas these taxa Pilsbry, 1901 respectively. However, they have have no nomenclatural problems, Pfeiffer (1851, been regarded as congeneric since Minato (1977a). 1853) noted that C. turgidus is 13½''' (27.1 mm by Minato (1977a) reassessed the anatomy and treated Nantarat et al., 2014) in diameter. Considering this Yakuena Habe, 1956 as a junior synonym of size and the type material figured by Nantarat et al. Luchuena Habe, 1956. In later years, Minato (2014), real C. turgidus corresponds to the larger and (2001a) revised his opinion and considered the name carinate individuals which is currently treated as C. Yakuena as valid because it originally appeared on t. angulatus. The label with Pilsbry’s type has a note an earlier page than Luchuena. However, the ICZN “=C. turgidus TYPICAL”. This note and the label does not determine precedence between synonyms itself were written by Dr. Pilsbry or his collection that are established on the same date by page manager (P. Callomon, pers. comm.), suggesting priority, but “the precedence is fixed by the action that this specimen was recognized as C. turgidus of the first author citing in a published work those soon after Pilsbry’s (1902) description. Therefore, names or acts and selecting from them” (ICZN Art. C. t. angulatus is likely a junior synonym of C. 24.2). In the present case, the first reviser is Minato turgidus, and smaller form (currently treated as C. t. (1977a), and therefore Luchuena is the valid name turgidus) may not have an available scientific name. and Yakuena becomes a junior synonym of the Further study is necessary to determine the names former. Later instances of the opposite treatment and systematics of this group. such as Schileyko (1998) and Minato (2001a) are misapplications. Acknowledgements: I wish to thank Drs. K. Hasegawa and N. Yoshikawa for helpful comments Nesiohelix bipyramidalis Kuroda & Emura, 1943 on interpreting ICZN; Mr. P. Callomon for and N. omphalina proximata Kuroda & Emura, information on Pilsbry’s label; Dr. H. Fukuda for 1943 valuable comments on the manuscript; and Mr. Both taxa were described by Kuroda & Emura H. Ishikawa for information on authorship of D. (1943) based on extant specimens from Minami- takashimae. Daito Island, but are no longer considered as separate taxa. Most researchers regard the two as References conspecific (e.g., Minato, 2001b, 2014; Kurozumi, 2005) or as junior synonyms of N. omphalina Azuma, M. 1982. Colored Illustration of the Land (Hirase, 1915), a species inhabiting Kita-Daito Snails of Japan. 333 pp., 64 pls. Hoiku-sha, Island (Minato, 1977b, 1988). In the former case, Osaka. (in Japanese) Minato (2001b) used N. bipyramidalis as valid, Azuma, M. 1986. Type specimens of two Japanese whereas Kurozumi (2005) and Minato (2014) regard land shells described by Edgar A. Smith. Venus N. o. proximata as valid because “N. o. proximata (Japanese Journal of Malacology) 45: 65–66. (in Japanese with English abstract) appears on an earlier page than N. bipyramidalis”. Callomon, P. 2015. On the authorship and types of Under ICZN Art. 24.1, however, “when homonyms three Ogasawara helicinids (Mollusca: or synonyms are established simultaneously, but Short Notes 91

Gastropoda). Proceedings of the Academy of Minato, H. 1977a. Description of Luchuena fulva n. Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 164: 21–29. sp. from Okinoerabu Island, with systematic Fukuda, H. & Ponder, W. F. 2003. Australian review of the genus Luchuena (Gastropoda: freshwater assimineids, with a synopsis of the Enidae). Venus (Japanese Journal of Recent genus-group taxa of the Assimineidae Malacology) 36: 14–18. (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda: Rissooidea). Minato, H. 1977b. Genital studies of the Japanese Journal of Natural History 37: 1977–2032. land snails: IX The genus Nesiohelix Kuroda et Habe, T. 1956. Anatomical studies on the Japanese Emura, 1943 from the Ryukyu Islands. Venus land snails (6): The superspecific groups of the (Japanese Journal of Malacology) 36: 43–47. family Enidae. The Zoological Magazine 65: (in Japanese with English abstract) 262–266. (in Japanese with English abstract) Minato, H. 1978. Land snails fauna of Okinoerabu Habe, T. 1993. Helix (Camaena) lewisii Smith and Yoron Islands. Bulletin of the seems to be a synonym of Satsuma (Coniglobus) Biogeographical Society of Japan 33: 1–8. (in mercatoria (Pfeiffer). Chiribotan 24: 45–46. (in Japanese) Japanese) Minato, H. 1980. Helicinidae of the Ogasawara International Commission on Zoological Islands, with the descriptions of five new Nomenclature 1999. International Code of species. Venus (Japanese Journal of Malacology) Zoological Nomenclature. Fourth Edition. 306 38: 235–246. (in Japanese with English abstract) pp. The International Trust for Zoological Minato, H. 1982. Notes on Satsuma largillierti Nomenclature, London, UK. group from Okinoerabujima and Kumejima Kameda, Y. & Kato, M. 2008. Systematic revision of Islands, Japan. Venus (Japanese Journal of the subgenus Luchuhadra (Pulmonata: Malacology) 40: 187–194. (in Japanese with Camaenidae: Satsuma) occurring in the central English abstract) Ryukyu Archipelago. Venus 66: 127–145. Minato, H. 1988. A Systematic and Bibliographic Kubo, H. & Kurozumi, T. 1995. Molluscs of List of the Japanese Land Snails. 294 pp. Nihon Okinawa. 263 pp. Okinawa-shuppan, Okinawa. Rikusan Kairui Sou-mokuroku Kanko-kai, (in Japanese) Shirahama. (in Japanese) Kuroda, T. 1953. A Catalogue of Land Shells of Minato, H. 2001a. Book review — Schileyko, A. A., Japan including the Okinawa and Ogasawara 1998–2000, Treatise on Recent Terrestrial Islands. 4 + 55 + 15 + 1 pp., 4 pls. Published Pulmonata Molluscs, 1-5, Ruthenica, Suppelemt by T. Kira, Shijonawate. (in Japanese) 2. Chiribotan 32: 37–38. (in Japanese) Kuroda, T. 1956. Land shell fauna of Japan and Minato, H. 2001b. Land snails of the genus adjacent areas (2). Venus (Japanese Journal of Nesiohelix (Bradybaenidae) and Satsuma (S.) Malacology) 19: 132–147. (in Japanese) mercatoria daitojimaensis (Camaenidae) from Kuroda, T. 1958. Land shell fauna of Japan and Daito-jima Islands, Okinawa. Nanki Seibutsu adjacent areas (4). Venus (Japanese Journal of 43: 117–122. (in Japanese) Malacology) 20: 132–158. (in Japanese and Minato, H. 2014. Nesiohelix omphalina proximata. English) In: Ministry of the Environment (ed.), Red Data Kuroda, T. 1963. A Catalogue of the Non-Marine Book 2014. –Threatened Wildlife of Japan– Mollusks of Japan, including the Okinawa and Volume 6, Mollusks, p. 365, Gyosei Corporation, Ogasawara Islands. 71 pp. Malacological Tokyo. (in Japanese) Society of Japan, Tokyo. (in Japanese) Nantarat, N., Sutcharit, C., Tongkerd, P., Ablett, J., Kuroda, T. & Emura, S. 1943. On a new pulmonate Naggs, F. & Panha, S. 2014. An annotated genus Nesiohelix. Japanese Journal of catalogue of type specimens of the land snail Malacology 13: 18–34. (in Japanese and English) genus Cyclophorus Montfort, 1810 Kuroda, T. & Habe, T. 1949. Helicacea. 129 pp. (Caenogastropoda, Cyclophoridae) in the Sanmeisha, Tokyo. (in Japanese) Natural History Museum, London. Zookeys Kuroda, T. & Taki, I. 1933. Notes on the systemataic 411: 1–56. positions of Coniglobus and “Helix” blakeana Pfeiffer, L. 1851. Conspectus emendatus generum et Newcomb. Venus 3: 316–324. (in Japanese with specierum Cyclostomaceorum. Zeitschrift für English abstract) Malakozoologie 8: 139–140. Kurozumi, T. 2005. Nesiohelix omphalina proximata. Pfeiffer, L. 1853. Cyclostomaceen. Zweite In: Nature Conservation Division, Department Abtheilung. In: Küster, H. C., Martini, F. W. & of Cultural & Environmental Affairs, Okinawa Chemnitz, J. H. (eds.), Systematisches Prefectural Government (ed.), Threatened Conchylien-Cabinet Bd. 1 Abt. 19, pp. 229– Wildlife in Okinawa, 2nd Ed. (Animals) –Red 268, pls. 31–36. Data Okinawa–, p. 442. Okinawa Prefecture, Pilsbry, H. A. & Hirase, Y. 1904. Descriptions of Naha. (in Japanese) new land snails of the Japanese Empire. 92 VENUS 74 (3–4), 2016

Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Kuroda, 1958 と Luchuhadra erabuensis Kuroda, 1963 Sciences of Philadelphia 56: 616–638. がある。黒田（1958: 145–146）は改名の対象とな Pilsbry, H. A. & Hirase, Y. 1905. New land mollusks okinoerabuensis of the Japanese Empire. Proceedings of the る“ ”の著者と日付を明示していな Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia いが，これが Pilsbry & Hirase (1905) の名前である 57: 705–719. ことは明らかであり，有効な置換名であると判断 Schileyko, A. A. . 1998 Treatise on Recent Terrestrial できる（国際動物命名規約第 4 版，以下 ICZN 条 Pulmonata Molluscs. 2. Ruthenica, Suppelemt 2, pp. 128–262. 13.1.3, 72.4.1.1）。したがって，オキノエラブヤマ Tomiyama, K., Yukita, Y., Sakashita, Y. & Kawabe, タカマイマイの学名および著者は Satsuma eucosmia K. 2003. Satsuma (Luchuhadra) erabuana. In: erabuana (Kuroda, 1958) に改訂され，ICZN 条 59.3 Environment and Citizens Affairs Department, に従い Ganesella sororcula okinoerabuensis Pilsbry & Kagoshima Prefectural Office (ed.), Kagoshima Red Data Book (Animals), p. 338. Kagoshima Hirase, 1905 は永久に無効となる。なお，種小名 Environmental Research and Service, erabuensis の著者は多くの文献において Minato, Kagoshima. (in Japanese) 1978 とされているが，黒田（1963: 46）が ICZN 条 Wagner, A. 1907–1911. Die Familie der Helicinidae. In: Küster, H. C., Martini, F. W. & Chemnitz, J. 13.1.3 を満たす有効な置換名の提唱であるため，著 H. (eds.), Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet 者は Kuroda, 1963 とすべきである。 Bd. 1 Abt. 18 (Neue Folge), pp. 1–391, pls. 1–70. チャイロキセルモドキ属Yakuena Habe, 1956 とリュ Yamashita, H. 2002. Land snail fauna of floodplain of Tama River. In: Kurozumi, T. (ed.), Study on ウキュウキセルモドキ属 Luchuena Habe, 1956 the present status and conservation of natural この 2 属は生殖器形態を検討した湊（1977a）に environment of Tama-gawa River based on the より同属と見なされた。その際，前者を後者の新 molluscs. The Tokyu Foundation for Better 2001a: 38 Environment, Grant Awarded Academic 参異名としたが，後に湊（ ）は「属の定 Researches, 31(226), pp. 13–33. The Tokyu 義の記載順序が Luchuena よりも Yakuena の方が先 Foundation for Better Environment, Tokyo. (in に行われたためにその先取が認められる」と訂正 Japanese) した。しかしながら，同日に公表された全く同一 (Accepted June 16, 2016) な階級の学名の優先権は，頁の前後ではなく第一 校訂者の決定に基づく（ICZN 条 24.2）ため，湊 （1977a）に従い Luchuena に優先権が認められ， Yakuena はその新参異名となる。 琉球列島産陸産貝類数

タクサの有効名 サメハダヘソアキアツマイマイNesiohelix omphalina proximata Kuroda & Emura, 1943 とオオアガリマイ 亀田勇一 マイ Nesiohelix bipyramidalis Kuroda & Emura, 1943 両者はともに南大東島産の現生個体に対して付 要 約 けられた名で，近年では同一の分類群とみなされ ており，黒住（2005）は記載の順序を根拠に前者 文献調査などを進めている際に，以下の琉球列 を後者の異名とした。しかし，同日に公表された 島産陸産貝類の有効名に改訂が必要であることが 異名関係にある学名については，「より高い階級で 判明したため，分類学ならびに命名法の観点から 公表された学名が優先権をとる（ICZN 条 24.1）」 論議する。 ため，この 2 つを同一の分類群とみなす場合には， 種として記載された N. bipyramidalis が有効名であ オキノエラブヤマタカマイマイ Ganesella sororcula り，N. o. proximata は新参異名となる。 okinoerabuensis Pilsbry & Hirase, 1905 本学名は，現在エラブシュリマイマイ Eulota オキナワヤマタニシ Cyclophorus turgidus (Pfeiffer, (Euhadra) okinoerabuensis Pilsbry & Hirase, 1904 の 1851) とリュウキュウヤマタニシ C. t. angulatus 新参二次同名となっている。これに対する置換名 Pilsbry, 1902 と し て 提 唱 さ れ た も の に は Ganesella erabuana 両者とも琉球産として記載されたもので，ほと Short Notes 93

んどの日本の文献では沖縄島産の小型個体をオキ 本で C. t. angulatus として認識されている個体に該 ナワヤマタニシ C. t. turgidus，大型個体をリュウ 当する。したがってリュウキュウヤマタニシの和 キュウヤマタニシ C. t. angulatus として紹介してい 名で呼ばれているものこそが C. turgidus であり，C. る。しかし，原記載やタイプ標本によれば，C. t. angulatus はその新参異名と考えられる。 turgidus は沖縄島産の個体としては大型で，現在日