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The Valid Names for Some Land Snail Taxa in the Ryukyu Islands

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The Valid Names for Some Land Snail Taxa in the Ryukyu Islands DOI: http://doi.org/10.18941/venus.74.3-4_89 Short Notes ©The Malacological Society of Japan89 Short Notes The Valid Names for Some Land Snail Taxa in the Ryukyu Islands Yuichi Kameda Center for Molecular Biodiversity Research, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4-1-1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0005, Japan; [email protected] The scientific name and/or identification of an of Ganesella Blanford, 1863. These taxa were organism are often changed by systematic revisions subsequently moved to the genus Satsuma A. based on new approaches such as molecular Adams, 1868 (Kuroda & Habe, 1949; Minato, 1988). phylogeny, but the valid names and authorships Two replacement names have since been proposed can be changed by other reasons: e.g., rediscovery for this taxon – Ganesella erabuana Kuroda, 1958 of an earlier description, misidentification and the and Luchuhadra erabuensis Kuroda, 1963. On the incorrect use of manuscript names. Among the other hand, Minato (1982), who revised this taxon, Japanese land snails, Paludinella yamamotonis recognized Satsuma erabuensis Minato, 1978 as the Minato, 1973 (= Cavernacmella yamamotonis) valid substitute name, and this name has generally and Diplommatina takashimae Tada, 1989 are been used (e.g., Azuma, 1982; Minato, 1988; recent examples of accidental description by using Kameda, & Kato, 2008; but see Tomiyama et al., manuscript names (Fukuda & Ponder, 2003; H. 2003). Citing personal communication with Dr. T. Ishikawa, pers. comm.). Older literature is more Habe, Minato (1982) considered that Kuroda (1958) likely to be involved with problems of authorship, did not intend to establish a new replacement name, with a recent example being the change in the and that Kuroda’s replacement name (1963) is also authorships of three Ogasawarana species from unavailable because G. s. okinoerabuensis Pilsbry Minato (1980) to Kuroda (1956) and Wagner & Hirase, 1905 and E. okinoerabuensis Pilsbry (1909) (Callomon, 2015). Recent examples of & Hirase, 1904 were placed in different genera. misidentifications include Helix lewisii Smith, 1878, Kameda & Kato (2008), who regarded this taxon as which was moved from a junior synonym of a subspecies of Satsuma eucosmia (Pilsbry, 1895), Satsuma myomphala (Martens, 1865) to Satsuma also followed this opinion and therefore used S. mercatoria (Pfeiffer, 1845) via its tentative use as the eucosmia erabuensis Minato, 1978. However, the senior synonym of Satsuma oshimae (Pilsbry, 1901) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (Azuma, 1986; Habe, 1993), and Helix conospira Fourth Edition (ICZN; International Commission on Pfeiffer, 1851 (used as Trishoplita conospira) which Zoological Nomenclature, 1999) Art. 13.1.3 states was revealed to be a senior synonym of Lepidopisum that a valid name must “be proposed expressly as verrucosum (Reinhardt, 1877) (Yamashita, 2002). a new replacement name (nomen novum) for an In this paper I revise four land snail taxa in available name, whether required by any provision the Ryukyu Islands from the taxonomical and of the Code or not”. Luchuhadra erabuensis Kuroda, nomenclatural points of views. 1963 satisfies this requirement, and therefore Minato (1978) is regarded as a combination change for Ganesella sororcula okinoerabuensis Pilsbry & Kuroda’s name. Hirase, 1905 On the other hand, Kuroda (1958: 145–146) This subspecies name has been a junior secondary stated “Okinoerabu-yamataka-maimai, or erabuana homonymy of Eulota (Euhadra) okinoerabuensis [okinoerabuensis change of name] Kuroda”. Although Pilsbry & Hirase, 1904, since Kuroda & Taki he did not mention the author of “okinoerabuensis”, (1933) regarded Coniglobus Pilsbry & Hirase, the name unambiguously corresponds to that of 1905 (including E. okinoerabuensis) as a subgenus Pilsbry & Hirase (1905) because he assigned the 90 VENUS 74 (3–4), 2016 above Japanese name to this taxon and recognized proposed at different ranks,... the name proposed the secondary homonymy (Kuroda, 1953: 41). at higher rank takes precedence”. Consequently, N. Therefore, Ganesella erabuana Kuroda, 1958 is a bipyramidalis automatically has precedence over N. valid replacement name under ICZN Art. 13.1.3 and o. proximata because the latter was established at 72.4.1.1. Consequently, the name Satsuma eucosmia lower (subspecies) rank. erabuana (Kuroda, 1958) should be used for this taxon, and Ganesella sororcula okinoerabuensis Cyclophorus turgidus (Pfeiffer, 1851) auct. and Pilsbry & Hirase, 1905 is permanently invalid Cyclophorus turgidus angulatus Pilsbry, 1902 because the replacement was done before 1961 [“1901”] (ICZN Art. 59.3). Both these taxa were described from the Ryukyu Islands. Nowadays most Japanese authors treat Yakuena Habe, 1956 and Luchuena Habe, 1956 smaller individuals as Cyclophorus turgidus turgidus, Both genera were established by Habe (1956) and larger, carinate ones as C. t. angulatus, both of with the type species being Ena luchuana nesiotica which occur on Okinawa Island (e.g., Azuma, 1982; Pilsbry & Hirase, 1909 and Buliminus eucharistus Kubo & Kurozumi, 1995). Whereas these taxa Pilsbry, 1901 respectively. However, they have have no nomenclatural problems, Pfeiffer (1851, been regarded as congeneric since Minato (1977a). 1853) noted that C. turgidus is 13½''' (27.1 mm by Minato (1977a) reassessed the anatomy and treated Nantarat et al., 2014) in diameter. Considering this Yakuena Habe, 1956 as a junior synonym of size and the type material figured by Nantarat et al. Luchuena Habe, 1956. In later years, Minato (2014), real C. turgidus corresponds to the larger and (2001a) revised his opinion and considered the name carinate individuals which is currently treated as C. Yakuena as valid because it originally appeared on t. angulatus. The label with Pilsbry’s type has a note an earlier page than Luchuena. However, the ICZN “=C. turgidus TYPICAL”. This note and the label does not determine precedence between synonyms itself were written by Dr. Pilsbry or his collection that are established on the same date by page manager (P. Callomon, pers. comm.), suggesting priority, but “the precedence is fixed by the action that this specimen was recognized as C. turgidus of the first author citing in a published work those soon after Pilsbry’s (1902) description. Therefore, names or acts and selecting from them” (ICZN Art. C. t. angulatus is likely a junior synonym of C. 24.2). In the present case, the first reviser is Minato turgidus, and smaller form (currently treated as C. t. (1977a), and therefore Luchuena is the valid name turgidus) may not have an available scientific name. and Yakuena becomes a junior synonym of the Further study is necessary to determine the names former. Later instances of the opposite treatment and systematics of this group. such as Schileyko (1998) and Minato (2001a) are misapplications. Acknowledgements: I wish to thank Drs. K. Hasegawa and N. Yoshikawa for helpful comments Nesiohelix bipyramidalis Kuroda & Emura, 1943 on interpreting ICZN; Mr. P. Callomon for and N. omphalina proximata Kuroda & Emura, information on Pilsbry’s label; Dr. H. Fukuda for 1943 valuable comments on the manuscript; and Mr. Both taxa were described by Kuroda & Emura H. Ishikawa for information on authorship of D. (1943) based on extant specimens from Minami- takashimae. Daito Island, but are no longer considered as separate taxa. Most researchers regard the two as References conspecific (e.g., Minato, 2001b, 2014; Kurozumi, 2005) or as junior synonyms of N. omphalina Azuma, M. 1982. Colored Illustration of the Land (Hirase, 1915), a species inhabiting Kita-Daito Snails of Japan. 333 pp., 64 pls. Hoiku-sha, Island (Minato, 1977b, 1988). In the former case, Osaka. (in Japanese) Minato (2001b) used N. bipyramidalis as valid, Azuma, M. 1986. Type specimens of two Japanese whereas Kurozumi (2005) and Minato (2014) regard land shells described by Edgar A. Smith. Venus N. o. proximata as valid because “N. o. proximata (Japanese Journal of Malacology) 45: 65–66. (in Japanese with English abstract) appears on an earlier page than N. bipyramidalis”. Callomon, P. 2015. On the authorship and types of Under ICZN Art. 24.1, however, “when homonyms three Ogasawara helicinids (Mollusca: or synonyms are established simultaneously, but Short Notes 91 Gastropoda). Proceedings of the Academy of Minato, H. 1977a. Description of Luchuena fulva n. Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 164: 21–29. sp. from Okinoerabu Island, with systematic Fukuda, H. & Ponder, W. F. 2003. Australian review of the genus Luchuena (Gastropoda: freshwater assimineids, with a synopsis of the Enidae). Venus (Japanese Journal of Recent genus-group taxa of the Assimineidae Malacology) 36: 14–18. (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda: Rissooidea). Minato, H. 1977b. Genital studies of the Japanese Journal of Natural History 37: 1977–2032. land snails: IX The genus Nesiohelix Kuroda et Habe, T. 1956. Anatomical studies on the Japanese Emura, 1943 from the Ryukyu Islands. Venus land snails (6): The superspecific groups of the (Japanese Journal of Malacology) 36: 43–47. family Enidae. The Zoological Magazine 65: (in Japanese with English abstract) 262–266. (in Japanese with English abstract) Minato, H. 1978. Land snails fauna of Okinoerabu Habe, T. 1993. Helix (Camaena) lewisii Smith and Yoron Islands. Bulletin of the seems to be a synonym of Satsuma (Coniglobus) Biogeographical Society of Japan 33: 1–8. (in mercatoria (Pfeiffer). Chiribotan 24: 45–46. (in Japanese) Japanese) Minato, H. 1980. Helicinidae of the Ogasawara International Commission on Zoological
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