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The Ivory Markets of East Asia

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The Ivory Markets of East Asia The Ivory Markets of East Asia Esmond Martin and Daniel Stiles Published by Save the Elephants PO Box 54667 7 New Square Nairobi Lincoln’s Inn Kenya London WC2A 3RA March 2003 © Esmond Martin and Daniel Stiles, March 2003 All rights reserved ISBN No. 9966-9683-3-4 Front cover photograph: Japanese craftsmen still carve the finest ivory items for the local market, such as this recently made 30 cm figurine. Photo credit: Esmond Martin Published by Save the Elephants, PO Box 54667, Nairobi, Kenya and 7 New Square, Lincoln’s Inn, London WC2A 3RA, United Kingdom. Printed by Majestic Printing Works Ltd., PO Box 42466, Nairobi, Kenya. The Ivory Markets of East Asia Esmond Martin and Daniel Stiles Drawings by Andrew Kamiti Published by Save the Elephants PO Box 54667 c/o Ambrose Appelbe Nairobi 7 New Square, Lincoln’s Inn Kenya London WC2A 3RA 2002 ISBN 9966-9683-3-4 1 Contents List of tables...................................................................................................................................... 3 Executive summary ......................................................................................................................... 5 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 7 Methodology .................................................................................................................................... 9 Results................................................................................................................................................ 11 Japan ........................................................................................................................................... 11 Hong Kong ................................................................................................................................ 43 China .......................................................................................................................................... 59 Taiwan ........................................................................................................................................ 89 Republic of Korea (South Korea)............................................................................................ 101 Status of the ivory trade in East Asia ........................................................................................... 107 Trends in the ivory trade in East Asia ..........................................................................................110 Discussion ......................................................................................................................................... 115 Conclusions ...................................................................................................................................... 120 References ......................................................................................................................................... 123 Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................................... 126 2 List of tables Results of the countries surveyed in 2002 Japan Table 1 Average wholesale prices of ivory tusks in Tokyo in early 2002 Table 2 Average wholesale prices of ivory tusks in Osaka in early 2002 Table 3 Percentages of raw ivory used to make items calculated by gross weight in Japan for various years Table 4 Percentages of hard and soft ivory used to make into items in Japan for various years Table 5 Estimated number of ivory name seals made in Japan for various years Table 6 Average monthly earnings for ivory craftsmen in Japan for various years Table 7 Types of retail outlets and number of ivory items surveyed in Tokyo in early 2002 Table 8 Number of retail outlets seen with ivory items and mammoth ivory items in Japan in early 2002 Table 9 Ivory items seen for retail sale in Tokyo in early 2002 Table 10 Retail prices for recently-made ivory items (excluding name seals) seen in Tokyo in early 2002 Table 11 Old ivory items (made before World War II) seen for retail sale in Tokyo in early 2002 Table 12 Country of origin for ivory items surveyed not made in Japan for retail sale in Tokyo in early 2002 Table 13 Retail Prices for ivory items seen in department stores in Tokyo in 1980 Table 14 Retail prices for plain, good-quality name seals in department stores in Tokyo in early 2002 Table 15 Retail prices for plain, good-quality ivory name seals of various sizes in Tokyo in early 2002 Table 16 Retail prices for recently-made ivory items (excluding name seals) seen in Osaka in early 2002 Table 17 Types of retail outlets and number of ivory items surveyed in Osaka in early 2002 Table 18 Ivory items seen for retail sale in Osaka in early 2002 Table 19 Retail prices for plain, good-quality ivory name seals of various sizes in Osaka in early 2002 Table 20 Membership numbers of the main ivory associations in Japan, 1980-2001 Table 21 Estimated retail value of Japan’s ivory trade for various years Hong Kong Table 22 Official exports and imports of ivory from/to Hong Kong as personal effects in kg, 1997-2001 Table 23 Number of ivory traders registered with the Hong Kong Government, 1990-2002 Table 24 Number of commercial possession licences for ivory issued by the Hong Kong Government, 1990-2002 Table 25 Official confiscations of ivory in Hong Kong, 1997-2001 Table 26 Estimated number of ivory craftsmen in Hong Kong, 1939-2002 Table 27 Official raw and worked ivory stock figures in tonnes for Hong Kong, 1989-2002 Table 28 Average monthly earnings for ivory craftsmen in Hong Kong for various years Table 29 Number of retail outlets seen with ivory items and mammoth ivory items in Hong Kong in early 2002 Table 30 Types of retail outlets and number of ivory items surveyed in Hong Kong in early 2002 Table 31 Ivory items seen for retail sale in Hong Kong in early 2002 Table 32 Retail prices for fecently-made ivory items seen in Hong Kong in early 2002 Table 33 Official imports of mammoth tusks into Hong Kong, 1992-2001 Table 34 Official re-exports of mammoth tusks from Hong Kong, 1994-2001 Table 35 Retail prices for new mammoth ivory items seen in Hong Kong in early 2002 China Table 36 Prices of raw ivory in China, 1981-2002 Table 37 Reported seizures of ivory destined for or leaving China since 1992 Table 38 Raw and worked ivory stocks in tonnes at the DaXin Ivory Carving Factory, 1989-2002 Table 39 Number of retail outlets seen with ivory items and mammoth ivory items in China in early 2002 Table 40 Types of retail outlets and number of ivory items surveyed in Guangzhou in early 2002 Table 41 Retail prices for recently-made ivory items seen in Guangzhou in early 2002 Table 42 Retail prices for fine ivory carvings at the DaXin Ivory Carving Factory in early 2002 Table 43 Types of retail outlets and number of ivory items surveyed in Shanghai in early 2002 Table 44 Retail prices for recently-made ivory items seen in Shanghai in early 2002 Table 45 Types of retail outlets and number of ivory items surveyed in Beijing in early 2002 Table 46 Retail prices for recently made ivory items seen in Beijing in early 2002 3 Taiwan Table 47 All categories of ivory imported into Taiwan in kg, 1980-1888 Table 48 Ivory seizures in Taiwan reported to TRAFFIC, 1991-2002 Table 49 Types of retail outlets and number of ivory items surveyed in Taiwan in 1999 and late 2002 Table 50 Types of retail outlets and number of ivory items surveyed in Taipei in late 2002 Table 51 Retail prices for recently-made ivory items seen in Taipei in late 2002 Table 52 Types of retail outlets and number of ivory items surveyed in Taichung in late 2002 Table 53 Retail prices for recently-made ivory items seen in Taichung in late 2002 Table 54 Types of retail outlets and number of ivory items surveyed in Kaohsiung in late 2002 Table 55 Retail prices for recently-made ivory items seen in Kaohsiung in late 2002 Republic of Korea (South Korea) Table 56 Raw and worked ivory imports into South Korea, 1985-1990 Table 57 Reported seizures of ivory destined for or leaving South Korea since 1989 Table 58 Types of retail outlets and number of ivory items surveyed in Seoul in early 2002 Table 59 Retail prices for recently-made ivory items seen in Seoul in early 2002 Status of the ivory trade in East Asia Table 60 Ivory trade indicators for East Asia in 2002 Table 61 Retail asking prices for ivory items in US dollars in East Asia in 2002 Trends in the ivory trade in East Asia Table 62 Past and present ivory trade indicators for East Asia Table 63 Number of ivory seizures in East Asia reported to TRAFFIC since the 1990 CITES ivory ban Table 64 Retail prices for ivory items in US dollars in East Asia in 1989 and 1997 Discussion Table 65 Legal status of domestic sales of ivory in the places surveyed in East Asia in 2002 Table 66 Legal ivory imports into the United States, 1997-2001 Conclusions Table 67 A comparison of ivory trade indicators for the most important ivory markets in Africa and Asia 4 Executive Summary This monograph reports on a survey of the ivory trade in four East Asian nations and one Special Administrative Region: China, Japan, Taiwan, South Korea and Hong Kong. The purpose of the survey was to establish a set of baseline indicators on aspects of the trade in the selected countries. From this, conservationists will be able to monitor and evaluate future changes, in accordance with CITES Resolution Conf 10.10 (Rev.).
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