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Contributions to the Herpetology of South-Asia (Nepal, India)

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Contributions to the Herpetology of South-Asia (Nepal, India) I Veröffentlichungen ARCO Contributions to the Herpetology of South-Asia (Nepal, India) Herausgeber: Prof. Dr. H. Hermann Schleich/ ARCO-Nepal, München Online Version, 20 17 , unv erändert, ISBN 97 8 -3-947 497 - 0 1-0 Eds.: Schleich, H.H. & Kästle, W., Druck v ersion 1998 Schleich & Kästle (Ed.): Contributions to the Herpetology of S-Asia (Nepal, India) II Veröffentlichungen aus dem Fuhlrott-Museum, Bd. 4 III Veröffentlichungen aus dem Fuhlrott-Museum Herausgeber: Prof. Dr. H. Hermann Schleich Bd. 4: 1-322; Wuppertal, März 1998 Contributions to the Herpetology of South-Asia (Nepal, India) Ed.: Schleich, H.H. & Kästle, W. Schleich & Kästle (Ed.): Contributions to the Herpetology of S-Asia (Nepal, India) IV Veröffentlichungen ARCO, 2017 -online ISBN 978-3-947497-01-0 Veröffentlichungen aus dem Fuhlrott-Museum Wuppertal ISSN 1434-8276 ISBN 3-87429-404-8 Herausgeber: Prof. Dr. H. Hermann Schleich Copyright: Alle Rechte beim Herausgeber Für den Inhalt der Beiträge sind die Autoren allein verantwortlich Veröffentlichungen aus dem Fuhlrott-Museum, 1998, Bd. 4 V Contributions to the Herpetology of South-Asia (Nepal, India) Ed.: Schleich, H.H. & Kästle, W. CONTENTS page AMPHIBIANS Studies on Tylototriton verrucosus (Amphibia: Caudata) ton verruco sus from N Anders, C. C., Schleich, H. H. & Shah, K.B.: Contributions to the Biology of Tylototriton verrucosus Anderson 1871 from East Nepal (Amphibia: Caudata, Salamandridae) 1 Anders, C.C., El-Matbuli, M & Hoffmann, R.W.: Oxyurid Nematode Parasite of the Intestine of Tylototriton verrucosus Ander- son 1871 27 Haller-Probst, M.: Contributions to the Osteology of Tylototriton verruco- sus Anderson 1871 and T. shanjing Nussbaum et al. 1995 (Amphibia: Caudata, Salamandridae) 35 Miscellanea Batrachologica Schleich, H.H. & Anders, C.C.: Tomopterna maskeyi spec. nov. from Nepal (Amphibia, Anura) 57 Anders, C.C., Diener, A. & Schleich, H.H.: First record of Polypedates taeniatus (Boulenger, 1906) from Nepal (Amphibia, Anura: Rhacophoridae) 73 REPTILES Studies on the Biology of the Genus Sitana (Sauria: Agamidae) Schleich, H.H., Kästle, W. & Shah, K.B.: Description of Sitana sivalen- sis spec. nov., (Sauria: Agamidae) from South Nepal 87 Schleich, H.H. & Kästle, W.: SEM Studies on the Morphology of Sitana sivalensis spec.nov. and Sitana ponticeriana Cuvier 1829 101 Kästle, W.: Studies on the Ecology and Behaviour of Sitana sivalensis spec. nov. 121 Schleich, H.H. & Kästle, W.: Sitana fusca spec.nov., a further Species from the Sitana sivalensis - Complex 207 Anders, C.C. & Schleich, H.H.: Brief Notes on the Anatomy of the Female Urogenital Tract of Sitana sivalensis 227 Schleich & Kästle (Ed.): Contributions to the Herpetology of S-Asia (Nepal, India) VI Studies on the Systematics and Biology of the Genus Japalura (Sauria: Agamidae) Kästle, W. & Schleich, H.H.: Notes on Comparative Ethology and Taxonomy of the Genus Japalura 233 Kästle,W. & Schleich, H.H.: Contributions to the Biology of Japalura kumaonensis (Annandale, 1907) 247 MISCELLANEA HERPETOLOGICA Schleich, H.H.& Kästle, W.: Description of Gonydactylus nepalensis spec. nov. from the Inner Terai of Far West Nepal (Reptilia: Sauria: Gekkonidae) 269 Schleich, H.H. & Maskey, T.M.: Necessity for a Turtle Conservation in Nepal 281 Maskey, T.M., Kölle, P., Hoffmann, R.W., Anders, C.C. & Schleich, H.H.: Disastrous Impact of Intestinal Infection in captive bred Gharial Hatchlings 291 FOSSILS Patnaik, R. & Schleich, H. H.: Fossil Microreptiles from Pliocene Siwalik Sediments of India 295 Bajpai, S., Sahni, A. & Schleich, H.H.: Late Cretaceous Gekkonid Egg Shells from the Deccan Intertrappeans of Kutch (India) 301 Sahni, A., Singh, S., Gaffney, E. & Schleich, H.H.:Reptilia from the Intertrappean Beds of Bombay (India) 307 ARCO NEPAL e.V. ARCO Nepal e.V. - Society for Amphibian and Reptile Conservation of Nepal 321 Veröffentlichungen aus dem Fuhlrott-Museum, 1998, Bd. 4:1-26 1 Studies on Tylototriton verrucosus (Amphibia: Urodela) Contributions to the Biology of Tylototriton verrucosus Anderson, 1871 from East Nepal (Amphibia: Caudata, Salamandridae) Christiane C. Anders*, H. Hermann Schleich** & Karan B. Shah *** Key words: Zoology, morphology, anatomy; ecology, habitats; Tylototriton verrucosus; East-Nepal Abstract: Data on the biology of Tylototriton verrucosus from East Nepal are given and compared with other distributional records. Five different localities were sampled and analysed. Morphological and biometrical investigations were carried out on locally diffe- rent populations, and their colourations are described. The urogenital system of both sexes is described and illustrated, seasonal dynamics in the sex ratio are supposed. Sexual dimorphism and oophagy in this salamander species is reported. Food composition and stomach contents are analysed. Statements on research and conservation status are given. Introduction Regarding the quotations on the biology of Tylototriton verrucosus, there are many contradictions presented in the different publications. The breeding behaviour, the reproductive mode and the distribution (esp. Nepal) is discussed controversial, or is uncertain in the available literature. Furthermore the conservation status of T.verrucosus for Nepal is reported as unknown (Shah, 1995), whereas in India the newt is treated as an endangered species (Dasgupta, 1990). One of the causes for taxonomical confusions surely were the former description of two colour morphs, now recognized as different species. This concept was recognized and worked out by Nussbaum et al. (1995) with the designation of a new species for the orange-patterned form (now: Tylototriton shanjing Nussbaum et al. 1995) and restriction of T. verrucosus to the westernmost distributed brownish form. Further information concerning possible differencies in the behaviour between the two species, a detailed delimitation of the species range and a verification of the data for each locality record of T.verrucosus are still lacking. * Zoological State Collection, Münchhausenstr. 21, D-81247 Munich, Germany. ** Fuhlrott-Museum, Auer Schulstr. 20, D-42103-Wuppertal, Germany. *** Natural History Museum, Tribhuwan University, Kathmandu, Nepal. Schleich & Kästle (Ed.): Contributions to the Herpetology of S-Asia (Nepal, India) 2 The first notice for the occurence of Tylototriton verrucosus from Nepal was given by Soman (1966), and subsequent publications were only provided by Shresta (1981, 1984, 1989 & 1994). A most recent publication (Gruber, 1996) states that the record and description of T. verrucosus from Nepal is still lacking. Thus, numerous questions still exist particularly regarding the populations from Nepal, and their comparison with neighbouring populations from the adjacent Darjeeling region. Due to Nussbaum et al. (1995) the possibility should not be disregarded, that T. verrucosus contains more than one subspecies, because of the morphometric variation within that species. It is one of the aims of the present paper to report on all available informations we collected on the biology of T. verrucosus during field activities in May to June 1996 in East-Nepal. Historical review The original description by Anderson (1871) and repetitive summaries by Boulenger (1882,1890) and Smith (1924) were the few mentionable publications on Tylototriton verrucosus for nearly a century. Thorn (1968) provided a clear summary of the genus. Nussbaum & Brodie (1982) divided the genus into Tylototriton and Echinotriton. Zhao & Hu (1988) gave a new definition for Echinotriton as a subgenus, but later Zhao (1990) recognized the generic status of Echinotriton. Descriptions of the reproductive behaviour were given in Annandale (1907,1908), Shresta (1989,1994) and Scholz (1993) as well as in publications concerning animals from pet trade like Mudrack (1969, 1972), Rehberg (1986), Nietzke (1989), Menzer (1991) and Raaijmakers (1992). Information regarding parental care were mentioned by Dasgupta (1984) and Shresta (1989,1994). Observations on the larval stages of Tylototriton verrucosus were supplied by Boulenger (1920), Smith (1924), Shresta (1989) and Dasgupta (1988). Further data on general ethology were provided by Wongratana (1984), Brodie et al. (1984) and Shresta (1989). Habitats were described by Chaudhuri (1966), Shresta (1984) and Dasgupta (1990). Investigations concerning the status as an endangered form were made by Shresta (1989,1996a), Dasgupta & Dasgupta (1990) and Dasgupta (1990, 1993, 1994). Accounts of climatic conditions in the habitats, as well as a report on the accompanying flora and fauna, the description of larvae and some Protozoan blood parasites of Tylototriton verrucosus from Darjeeling (N. India) is presented with the Ph. Dissertation of Dasgupta (1994). Investigations on the ecology of populations from Darjeeling were made by Kuzmin et al. (1994). An important survey on the feeding ecology of adult T. verrucosus from Darjeeling was published by Dasgupta in 1996. Recently the species was treated as Pleurodeles verrucosus by Dutta (1992 &1997), following the publication of Dubois (1987), who stated the genus Pleurodeles for Tylototriton verrocosus. The genus Tylototriton in South-East Asia Distribution (fig. 1) and Taxa Tylototriton Anderson, 1871 Type species: Tylototriton verrucosus ANDERSON, 1871, by monotypy. According to the partitioning of the genus and the placement of two species (andersoni and chinhaiensis) in the genus Echinotriton gen. nov. by Nussbaum & Brodie,1982 and the taxonomic review of T. verrucosus with the description of the orange-patterned
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