DOCSLIB.ORG

Biodiversity – Can Ecsite Biodiversity by 2010 Page 02 Institutions Make a Difference? Leon C

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Biodiversity – Can Ecsite Biodiversity by 2010 Page 02 Institutions Make a Difference? Leon C issue 81 NEWSLETTER : CONTENTS >> > Sébastien Winkler - Together to save Biodiversity – can Ecsite biodiversity by 2010 page 02 institutions make a difference? Leon C. Braat - Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services page 05 The Convention on Biodiversity has been signed by 192 countries since its promulgation in 1992 (Rio de Helen Roy - Engaging people Janeiro). Ten years later, governments adopted the in monitoring biodiversity Biodiversity Target, aiming to reduce the loss of page 06 biodiversity significantly by 2010; the wording Morten DD Hansen - Synergy in “halting the loss” was even more popular. Now we natural history - an unconventional are in 2010 and what do we see? Very limited approach to web 2.0 positive change. Governments worldwide have failed page 08 to meet the Convention’s aims and Targets. Voices are heard, that currently advocate for rescheduling Listings the “halt the loss” target for 2020. page 10 It is no big surprise that such a pitiful state of affairs leads some people to think “are they kidding?” or News from Ecsite worse: “those folks – governments and scientist page 11 alike – are not serious, they cannot be trusted.” If we want the motto “save biodiversity” to be more Courses, conferences and competitions than a communication slogan – or even a political page 12 call to rally interest – it is key that science museums and science centres take a strong lead in providing a clear language and narrative. Our visitors should find Citizen science projects such as that on ladybirds described by the answers to such fundamental questions as Helen Roy on p6 play a crucial role in engaging the public on “what exactly is biodiversity?”, “why should I care?” biodiversity and most of all “what can I do?” The understanding of the issues by our citizens is central to the issue. this newsletter, hot topics include how to depict all the They need – and have the right – to be properly aspects of biodiversity, its levels of organisation (gene informed, so they can understand, want to act and to species to ecosystem and biosphere); to the play their social role. That is to be able to put the menaces hanging over it; to demonstrate the services importance of this issue into the way they influence that are delivered by sound ecosystems; to tackle the their leaders and decision makers, notably the social and cultural aspects included in biodiversity – choices they make when they vote! and its loss. And last but not least, to engage people Within Ecsite this topic is taken ever more seriously. in biodiversity promotion: from tiny daily acts to large It is not by coincidence that the 2009 Annual scale monitoring and conservation actions. Conference saw the birth of Ecsite Nature Group. We as science centres and museums have a pretty This new group aims to encourage cross-fertilisation good knowledge of the general public and are more between science centres, science museums, natural aware of the issues than most. This brings an ethical history museums, research institutions, universities, responsibility, but also new opportunities to position Ecsite Executive Office aquariums and zoos. The Ecsite Nature Group has ourselves to promote biodiversity for the benefit of T +32 2 649 7383 already more than 70 members. If you are interested mankind. F +32 2 647 5098 in joining the group, just send an email to Aliki email: [email protected] Giannakopoulou at [email protected]. The Bob Bloomfield (Natural History Museum, www.ecsite.eu Group will hold its second one-day workshop on the London) & Gérard Cobut (Museum of Natural Newsletter contributors: 2nd of June, before the Ecsite Annual Conference Sciences, Brussels) Please contact Michael Creek, Editor 2010 in DASA, Dortmund, Germany. Guest co-editors of this issue of the Ecsite [email protected] For the Nature Group as well as for the authors in Newsletter on behalf of the Ecsite Nature Group 01 BIODIVERSITY Countdown 2010 is a global project of the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Sebastian Winkler, head of the Countdown 2010 Secretariat and Senior European Policy Advisor, tells us more about this initiative and how to get involved. Together to save biodiversity by 2010 There is broad international consensus on the our natural heritage is importance of biodiversity as the very foundation protected and conserved and of life on earth. In 2002, governments adopted the contribution of local the Biodiversity Target to significantly reduce the actors can be crucial to make rate of biodiversity loss by 2010 as a contribution a difference. Community to poverty alleviation and to the benefit of all life groups, museums, non-profit on earth. Although progress has been made at organizations, local international, national and regional level, the governments and companies 2010 target will not be achieved according to have joined efforts to reduce recent assessments which show that global biodiversity loss in the biodiversity is still in decline. For instance, the Countdown 2010 network. recent findings of the Red List of Threatened Hosted by IUCN Regional Office for Pan-Europe, 2010 network builds on the multiplying potential Species™ of the International Union for Countdown 2010 brings together almost 1,000 of its partners; civil society organizations, science Conservation of Nature (IUCN) revealed that partners which committed to individual actions centres and museums, but also municipalities and species threatened and at risk of extinction towards the 2010 biodiversity target. In just about regions, spread the biodiversity message to their worldwide are 22% of the world’s mammals; five years, Countdown 2010 has become one of audiences thus boosting the outreach capacity of nearly one third of amphibians; one in eight birds; the largest multi-stakeholder networks for the initiative. Using this approach, Countdown 27% of reef building corals; and 28% of conifers. biodiversity and the 2010 challenge. 2010 aims to reach the greatest number of This continued loss is leading to a rapid decline of people possible during the IYB. the Earth’s natural wealth and a dramatic The year 2010 is the International Year of reduction of future ecosystem services. Biodiversity (IYB) and an unprecedented There are some great examples of what opportunity to position biodiversity higher on the Countdown 2010 partners are doing for the IYB. Policy alone is not always enough to ensure that agenda of global decision-makers. The Countdown In the United Kingdom, the Natural History Museum of London has launched the IYB-UK - a partnership of around 300 charities, farmers, local councils, wildlife rangers, schools and colleges, zoos and museums and botanic gardens. Their IYB programme includes talks, exhibitions, public debates, art work, citizen science experiments and exhibitions encompassing both science and the arts. In Belgium the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS) has prepared its plan for the IYB. Activities are targeted to families, schools, scientists, professionals and others and will take place throughout the year. In particular, the campaign ‘I give life to my planet’ invites individuals and groups to take small actions to make a difference in their area. The free booklet ‘366 acts for biodiversity’ supports the campaign, proposing biodiversity tips for every day of the year. Countdown 2010 supports its partners by promoting their activities for biodiversity and communicating them to a wide international The signature of the Countdown 2010 Declaration, Brussels Capital region, 16th March 2009 audience through the well-established channels of 02 BIODIVERSITY Countdown 2010 Partners’ Assembly 24 June 2009 IUCN. In the network, partners can share their experiences and get inspired by the others. The COUNTDOWN 2010 DECLARATION local actions of a small community can become a Biodiversity – the web of life on earth – is essential to the quality of human well-being, and it is a crucial model for biodiversity conservation. element in sustaining the social, economic and spiritual dimension of all societies worldwide. Yet, biodiversity continues to decline. Political commitments have been made to stop this trend by 2010. Further steps need to Countdown 2010 is also a point of reference on be taken to honour this commitment and to translate it into action. biodiversity policy and the IYB in Europe and We the undersigned will take every practical opportunity to: beyond. On the website, partners and other interested parties can find information about Support the commitments to halt or significantly reduce the current rate of biodiversity loss by 2010, made biodiversity and its benefits, but also about the by: latest developments in legislation and on the • World Environment Ministers in the Hague Ministerial Declaration of the Conference of Parties to the future of the 2010 biodiversity target. The year Convention on Biological Diversity in the Netherlands 2002; 2010 is a crucial year for biodiversity policy: in • World Heads of State in the Plan of Implementation at the United Nations World Summit on Sustainable October 2010 a new target for biodiversity will Development in Johannesburg, South Africa in 2002; hopefully be adopted by world governments, • World Heads of State in the United Nations World Summit Outcome in New York 2005; following the discussions at the High-level • A number of biodiversity related conventions and regional processes since 2001. Segment on biodiversity of the United Nations Encourage decision makers at all levels, in both the public and the private
Load more

Recommended publications
  • THE USE of a WINGLESS TWO SPOT LADYBIRD Adalia Bipunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) AS a BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENT of APHIDS
    THE USE OF A WINGLESS TWO SPOT LADYBIRD Adalia bipunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) AS A BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENT OF APHIDS Ana Rita Chico Registration nr 770531 004 100 MSc. Organic Agriculture ENT 80439- Thesis Entomology Supervisor: Peter de Jong Examiner: Marcel Dicke Chairgroup Entomology Wageningen University Wageningen UR “If we knew what we were doing, it would not be called research, would it?” Albert Einstein 2 THE USE OF A WINGLESS TWO SPOT LADYBIRD Adalia bipunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) AS A BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENT OF APHIDS A.R. Chico November 2005 Chairgroup Entomology Wageningen University Binnenhaven 7 6709 PD, Wageningen 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE.............................................................................................................................................................. 5 1. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................................. 6 1.1. BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF APHIDS WITH PREDATORY LADYBIRDS ................................................................ 6 1.1.1. Ladybirds- an introduction.................................................................................................................. 6 1.1.2. Ladybirds as biological control agents of aphids................................................................................ 7 1.2. BACKGROUND STORY ON THE WINGLESS LADYBIRD .................................................................................... 8 1.3. SCIENTIFIC
    [Show full text]
  • Predation of Adalia Tetraspilota (Hope) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on Green Peach Aphid (Myzus Persicae
    & Herpeto gy lo lo gy o : h C it u n r r r e O n Joshi et al., Entomol Ornithol Herpetol 2012, 1:1 , t y R g e o l s DOI:10.4172/2161-0983.1000101 o e a m r o c t h Entomology, Ornithology & Herpetology n E ISSN: 2161-0983 ResearchResearch Article Article OpenOpen Access Access Predation of Adalia tetraspilota (Hope) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on Green Peach Aphid (Myzus persicae. Sulzer) Joshi PC2*, Khamashon L2 and Kaushal BR1 1Department of Zoology, D.S.B. Campus Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India 2Department of Zoology and Environmental Sciences, Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar, India Abstract Studies on prey consumption of larvae and adults of Adalia tetraspilota (Hope) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) was conducted in the laboratory on green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Homoptera: Aphididae). In larval form 4th instar was the most efficient consumer with an average of 39.96 ± 1.04 aphids larva-1day-1 followed by 3rd instar with an average of 20.90 ± 0.58 larva-1day-1. Feeding potentials of adult coccinellids increased with increase in age. In female the highest consumption of aphids was recorded on the 23rd day of its emergence while in case of male it was recorded on 24th day. Female adult consumed more aphids (39.83 ± 11.39 aphids day-1) than male (31.70 ± 8.07 aphids day-1). Keywords: Coccinellidae; Adalia tetraspilota; Myzus persicae; Larva; Instar Age Number of aphids consumed Adult male; Adult female; Feeding (days) V1 V2 V3 V4 Mean ± SD First 1 2 3 3 2 2.50 ± 0.58 Introduction 2 4 4 5 5 4.50 ± 0.57 Mean 3 ± 1.41 3.5 ± 0.71 4 ± 1.41 3.5 ± 2.21 3.50 ± 0.41 Biological control is a component of integrated pest management Second 3 8 8 7 7 7.50 ± 0.57 strategy which consists of mostly the natural enemies of insect pests 4 10 11 11 12 11.00 ± 0.82 5 11 12 14 14 12.75 ± 1.5 i.e, predators, parasitoids and pathogen.
    [Show full text]
  • Arthropod Pest Management in Greenhouses and Interiorscapes E
    Arthropod Pest Management in Greenhouses and Interiorscapes E-1011E-1011 OklahomaOklahoma CooperativeCooperative ExtensionExtension ServiceService DivisionDivision ofof AgriculturalAgricultural SciencesSciences andand NaturalNatural ResourcesResources OklahomaOklahoma StateState UniversityUniversity Arthropod Pest Management in Greenhouses and Interiorscapes E-1011 Eric J. Rebek Extension Entomologist/ Ornamentals and Turfgrass Specialist Michael A. Schnelle Extension Ornamentals/ Floriculture Specialist ArthropodArthropod PestPest ManagementManagement inin GreenhousesGreenhouses andand InteriorscapesInteriorscapes Insects and their relatives cause major plant ing a hand lens. damage in commercial greenhouses and interi- Aphids feed on buds, leaves, stems, and roots orscapes. Identification of key pests and an un- by inserting their long, straw-like, piercing-suck- derstanding of appropriate control measures are ing mouthparts (stylets) and withdrawing plant essential to guard against costly crop losses. With sap. Expanding leaves from damaged buds may be tightening regulations on conventional insecti- curled or twisted and attacked leaves often display cides and increasing consumer sensitivity to their chlorotic (yellow-white) speckles where cell con- use in public spaces, growers must seek effective tents have been removed. A secondary problem pest management alternatives to conventional arises from sugary honeydew excreted by aphids. chemical control. Management strategies cen- Leaves may appear shiny and become sticky from tered around
    [Show full text]
  • Temperature-Dependent Development of the Two-Spotted Ladybeetle
    Journal of Insect Science: Vol. 10 | Article 124 Jalali et al. Temperature-dependent development of the two-spotted ladybeetle, Adalia bipunctata, on the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, and a factitious food under constant temperatures Mohammad. Amin. Jalali1,2, Luc Tirry1, Abbas Arbab3 and Patrick De Clercq1a 1Department of Crop Protection, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium 2Current Address: Department of Crop Protection, Vali-e Asr University, P.O.Box 771393641, Rafsanjan, Iran 3Department of Plant Protection, Islamic Azad University, Takestan Branch P.O. Box: 34819-49479 Takestan- IRAN Abstract The ability of a natural enemy to tolerate a wide temperature range is a critical factor in the evaluation of its suitability as a biological control agent. In the current study, temperature- dependent development of the two-spotted ladybeetle A. bipunctata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) was evaluated on Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and a factitious food consisting of moist bee pollen and Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) eggs under six constant temperatures ranging from 15 to 35° C. On both diets, the developmental rate of A. bipunctata showed a positive linear relationship with temperature in the range of 15-30° C, but the ladybird failed to develop to the adult stage at 35° C. Total immature mortality in the temperature range of 15-30° C ranged from 24.30-69.40% and 40.47-76.15% on the aphid prey and factitious food, respectively. One linear and two non- linear models were fitted to the data. The linear model successfully predicted the lower developmental thresholds and thermal constants of the predator.
    [Show full text]
  • Die Goldschildfliege Namen Goldschildfliege Eingebracht Hat
    Die weitere Verwandtschaft ... .... und die nächsten Verwandten Mit Unterstützung Zur Verwandtschaft von Phasia gehören zwei Gattungen mit ähnlich ausseh- Von den Phasia-Arten Mitteleuropas sind nur Phasia aurulans und der Sparkasse Barnim enden Arten. Sie lassen sich recht einfach am Flügelgeäder unterscheiden. P. hemiptera der Phasia aurigera in Größe und Habitus ähnlich. Kuratorium Insekt des Jahres Ectophasia Phasia hemiptera Kontaktadresse: Kuratorium Insekt des Jahres Die Gattung Ectophasia ist in Mitteleuropa mit den zwei Arten Ectophasia Phasia hemiptera ist recht einfach DIE c/o Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut oblonga (im Foto ein Männchen beim Blütenbesuch) und E. crassipennis an der fuchsroten ‘Behaarung’ der Eberswalder Straße 90, 15374 Müncheberg (Zeichnung eines Flügels) vertreten. Beide Arten sind recht variabel und Körperseiten und an dem ebenso Tel. +49(0)33432-73698-3736, [email protected] manchmal schwierig zu bestimmen. Die Gattung Ectophasia ist jedoch ein- gefärbten basalen Teil der Hinter- Prof. Dr. Holger H. Dathe (Müncheberg), Vorsitzender des Kuratoriums fach an ihrer am Flügelrand geöffneten (nicht gestielten) Flügelzelle von den schenkel zu erkennen. Auf dem Arne Köhler (Berlin), Sekretariat des Kuratoriums GOLDSCHILDFLIEGE ähnlichen Gattungen und zu unterscheiden. Foto ein Männchen. Der Schild Elomya Phasia Bundesfachausschuss Entomologie im NABU Deutschland (= Rücken) ist in beiden Geschlech- Werner Schulze (Bielefeld) tern braun ohne goldfarbene Zeich- Phasia aurigera nungsmuster. Die Flügel der Männ- Bundesverband Deutsche Ameisenschutzwarte e. V. chen sind dunkel gefleckt. Vizepräsidentin Dr. Katrin Möller (Eberswalde) Deutsche Gesellschaft für allgemeine und angewandte Entomologie Phasia aurigera Präsident Prof. Dr. Rainer Willmann (Göttingen) Phasia aurigera und P. aurulans sind an den Entomofaunistische Gesellschaft Seiten nicht fuchsrot sondern schwarz und Vorsitzender Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • Polymorphism in the 2-Spot Ladybird, Adalla Bipunctata (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae)
    Heredity 70(1993)172—178 Received 5 June 1992 Genetical Society of Great Britain Sperm competition and melanic polymorphism in the 2-spot ladybird, Adalla bipunctata (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) PETER W. DE JONG*, MICHELLE D. VERHOOG & PAUL M. BRAKEFIELD Section of Evolutionary Biology, Department of Population Biology, University of Leiden, Schelpenkade 14a, 2313 ZT Leiden, The Netherlands Spermprecedence was investigated in the 2-spot ladybird, Ada/ia bipunctata by utilizing a di-allelic colour marker gene. Non-melanic (homozygous recessive) virgin females were mated once with a non-melanic male and after subsequent laying of fertile eggs they were mated with a melanic male of known genotype. Frequencies of colour morphs in the offspring provided evidence for almost complete second male sperm precedence, although the data from certain matings do not completely exclude the possibility of first male sperm precedence. The results are discussed in the light of the hypothesis of thermal melanism. Keywords:Ada/iabipunctata, female rejection, sexual selection, sperm competition, thermal melanism. Introduction mined by a dominant allele (Lus, 1928, 1932; M. E. N. Majerus & P. M. Brakefield, unpublished data), are Spermcompetition has been defined as the competi- black with red spots. Field data have provided tion within a single female between sperm from two or evidence for different forms of sexual selection as so- more males for the fertilization of the ova (Parker, ciated with the different colour morphs: (i) a female 1970). It is, therefore, of particular significance in preference for melanic males has been described in species in which females mate more than once. Many some British populations (Majerus et at., 1982; different patterns of sperm use in the successful fertili- O'Donald & Majerus, 1988; but see Kearns et al., zation of eggs from different male mating partners have 1990, 1992); (ii) a frequency-dependent mating advan- been described in insects (Walker, 1980; Thornhill & tage for melanics has been recorded (Muggleton, 1979; Alcock, 1983).
    [Show full text]
  • Dgaae Nachrichten
    DGaaE Nachrichten Deutsche Gesellschaft für allgemeine und angewandte Entomologie e.V. 29. Jahrgang, Heft 1 ISSN 0931 – 4873 Mai 2015 Briefwahl des DGaaE-Vorstandes Unterlagen in der Heftmitte Bitte einsenden bis 21. Juni 2015 Inhalt Vorwort des Präsidenten . 3. Protokoll der Mitgliederversammlung der DGaaE . 5. Köhler, A & Schmitt, Th .: Die Entomologentagung 2015 in Frankfurt am Main: eine NachleseaaE . 11 Bericht über den 8th International Congress of Dipterology . 15. Aus den Arbeitskreisen . 23. Bericht über die 21 . Tagung des Arbeitskreises „Zikaden Mitteleuropas“ . 23. Report on the 33th Annual Meeting of the Working Group “Beneficial Arthropods and Entomopathogenic Nematodes” . 25 Aus Mitgliederkreisen . 34. Neue Mitglieder . 34. Ausgetretene Mitglieder . 37. Bücher von Mitgliedern . 38. Buchbesprechung . 40. Funke, W . & Ayasse, M .: In memoriam Heiko Bellmann . 43. Veranstaltungshinweise . 47. Vermischtes . 49. 100 Millionen Jahre alte Schildlaus betrieb Brutpflege . 49. Malariaerreger im Blut erzeugen Lockstoffe für Mücken . 50. Blattduftstoff lockt Kirschessigfliegen an . 51. Impressum, Anschriften, Gesellschaftskonten . 52 Titelfoto: Paarung des Silbergrünen Bläulings Polyommatus coridon (PODA , 1761) . Das Weib- chen ist braun, das Männchen silbrig blau gefärbt . Der Silbergrüne Bläuling ist das Insekt des Jahres 2015 in Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz . Es wurde aus einer Gruppe von Schmetterlingen als Repräsentant für die Tiere des besonders empfindlichen Biotops des Trockenrasens ausgesucht. Foto: Thomas Schmitt, Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut 2 DGaaE-Nachrichten 29 (1), 2015 Vorwort des Präsidenten Liebe Mitglieder, liebe Kolleginnen und Kollegen, der Verlust der Artenvielfalt (und damit zwangsläufig die Bewahrung der ökologischen Vernetzungen) gehört zu den großen globalen Herausforderungen . Soeben erschien der Artenschutzreport 2015 des Bundesamtes für Naturschutz – der erste deutsche Bericht dieser Form überhaupt .
    [Show full text]
  • Les Tachinidae De La Manche
    Les Tachinidae de la Manche : début de l’enquête et première liste (Diptera Brachycera) La famille de mouches que nous allons aborder dans cet article offre le paradoxe d’être à la fois l’une des plus riches en espèces et l’une des plus mal connues des entomologistes. Discrètes, souvent de petite taille et peu colorées, elles passent facilement inaperçues. Totalement ignorées du profane, elles n’ont reçu aucun nom vernaculaire et c’est à peine si les guides de vulgarisation représentent quelques espèces, 6 par exemple dans CHINERY (1986) contre 22 syrphes, famille d’ampleur comparable, soit moins de 1% de la faune européenne ! Un guide spécialisé dans les diptères, J. & H. HAUPT (1998), dont l’éditeur suisse annonce sans vergogne en couverture « l’identification des espèces européennes », illustre 13 espèces, soit 1,5% de la faune d’Europe. Il est certain que l’ampleur de la tâche a pu rebuter les diptéristes de notre pays, d’autant plus qu’aujourd’hui encore aucun ouvrage complet de détermination n’est actuellement disponible en langue française. Et pourtant ces mouches ne manquent pas d’attrait ! De nombreuses espèces sont d’une taille respectable, sous la loupe beaucoup même offrent un aspect séduisant par leurs couleurs veloutées, leurs reflets pruineux, leur système organisé de poils et de soies, toutes surtout ont une biologie complexe, captivante et encore mal étudiée. Pour tout dire, cette enquête limitée à la Manche (voir L’Argiope No 67) s’annonce passionnante car la page est totalement vierge et le champ de recherche immense. Bien sûr, les obstacles sont tels que l’inventaire devra être abordé avec prudence.
    [Show full text]
  • Quoted, May Be Found in Marriner (1926, 1939A and B), Bayford (1947), Allen (Sg) and Conway (1958)
    GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION IN THE TWO-SPOT LADYBiRD IN ENGLAND AND WALES E. R. CREED Genetics Laboratory, DepartmentofZoology, Oxford Received6.v.65 1.INTRODUCTION Twoof the most variable species of ladybird in this country are Adalia bipunctata and A. decempunctata. Hawkes (5920, 5927) drew attention to the differences in frequency of the varieties of A. bipunctata in this country, mainly around Birmingham; she found that the black forms predominated in the city while they were less common or rare else- where. In London the black forms comprised only a few per cent, of the population. Further information, though figures are not always quoted, may be found in Marriner (1926, 1939a and b), Bayford (1947), Allen (sg) and Conway (1958). Theinsect has also attracted attention in Europe, but more so in some countries than others. It was in this species that Timofeeff- Ressovsky (i 94oa, i 94ob) demonstrated the action of strong selection in Berlin. He found that the black varieties had a higher mortality than the red during hibernation, but that their relative numbers increased again during the summer. Lusis (ig6i) has reviewed the distribution of the varieties of A. bipunctata in Europe and western Russia and suggests that two conditions tend to favour the black ones: (x) in places with a maritime, more humid climate the percentage of black forms in the populations of Adalia bipunctata L. is as a rule higher than in places with a more continental climate, and (2) in large cities, especially in those with highly developed industry, the percentage of black forms irs the adalia-populations is higher than in towns and in the countryside with similar climate." Unfortunately the only figures for the British Isles apparently available to Lusis were those in Hawkes' second paper (5927), and some of these he disregards.
    [Show full text]
  • Functional Response of Adalia Tetraspilota (Hope) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on Cabbage Aphid, Brevicoryne Brassicae (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
    J. Biol. Control, 23(3): 243–248, 2009 Functional response of Adalia tetraspilota (Hope) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) A. A. KHAN Division of Entomology, Sher–e–Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (K), Shalimar Campus, Srinagar 191121, Jammu and Kashmir, India. E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: A study was conducted to assess the functional response of different life stages of the predacious coccinellid, Adalia tetraspilota (Hope) feeding on various densities of cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) under controlled conditions. It revealed that all stages of A. tetraspilota exhibit Type II functional response curve (a curvilinear rise to plateau) as B. brassicae densities increase and the curve predicted by Holling’s disk equation did not differ significantly from the observed functional response curve. The fourth instar larva consumed more aphids (28.40 aphids / day) followed by adult female (25.06 aphids / day), third instar larva (24.06 aphids / day), second instar larva (21.73 aphids / day), adult male (20.06 aphids / day) and first instar (13.06 aphids / day). The maximum search rate with shortest handling time was recorded for fourth instar larva (0.6383) followed by adult female (0.6264). The results suggest that the fourth instar larva are best suited for field releases for the management ofB. brassicae. However, further field experiments are needed for confirming its potential. KEY WORDS: Adalia tetraspilota, Aphididae, Brevicoryne brassicae, Coccinellidae, functional response, handling time, predation, search rates INTRODUCTION (Type I), decreasing (Type II), increasing (Type III). This could further be simplified in terms of density dependence The cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) as constant (I), decreasing (II) and increasing (III) rates (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is an important worldwide pest of prey consumption and yield density dependent prey of cruciferous vegetables in temperate region.
    [Show full text]
  • Information on Tachinid Fauna (Diptera, Tachinidae) of the Phasiinae Subfamily in the Far East of Russia
    International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) ISSN: 2249 – 8958, Volume-9 Issue-2, December, 2019 Information on Tachinid Fauna (Diptera, Tachinidae) Of the Phasiinae Subfamily in the Far East of Russia Markova T.O., Repsh N.V., Belov A.N., Koltun G.G., Terebova S.V. Abstract: For the first time, a comparative analysis of the For example, for the Hemyda hertingi Ziegler et Shima tachinid fauna of the Phasiinae subfamily of the Russian Far species described in the Primorsky Krai in 1996 for the first East with the fauna of neighboring regions has been presented. time the data on findings in Western, Southern Siberia and The Phasiinae fauna of the Primorsky Krai (Far East of Russia) is characterized as peculiar but closest to the fauna of the Khabarovsk Krai were given. For the first time, southern part of Khabarovsk Krai, Amur Oblast and Eastern Redtenbacheria insignis Egg. for Eastern Siberia and the Siberia. The following groups of regions have been identified: Kuril Islands, Phasia barbifrons (Girschn.) for Western Southern, Western and Eastern Siberia; Amur Oblast and Siberia, and Elomya lateralis (Mg.) and Phasia hemiptera Primorsky Krai, which share many common Holarctic and (F.) were indicated.At the same time, the following species Transpalaearctic species.Special mention should be made of the have been found in the Primorsky Krai, previously known in fauna of the Khabarovsk Krai, Sakhalin Oblast, which are characterized by poor species composition and Japan (having a Russia only in the south of Khabarovsk Krai and in the subtropical appearance). Amur Oblast (Markova, 1999): Phasia aurigera (Egg.), Key words: Diptera, Tachinidae, Phasiinae, tachinid, Phasia zimini (D.-M.), Leucostoma meridianum (Rond.), Russian Far East, fauna.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Food and Temperature on Development, Fecundity and Life-Table Parameters of Adalia Bipunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) M
    J. Appl. Entomol. Effects of food and temperature on development, fecundity and life-table parameters of Adalia bipunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) M. A. Jalali, L. Tirry & P. De Clercq Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium Keywords Abstract Acyrthosiphon pisum, Myzus persicae, alternative vs. essential foods, biological Development, reproduction and life tables of Adalia bipunctata (L.) were control, factitious food, two-spot ladybird studied at three temperatures (19, 23 and 27°C) on a mixture of frozen pollen and Ephestia kuehniella Zeller eggs as a factitious food and on the Correspondence aphids Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) as natural Patrick De Clercq (corresponding author), foods. Development time of A. bipunctata on all tested diets decreased Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of with increasing temperature. Mortality was lowest at 23°C, averaging Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 44.5%, 42.6% and 24.3% on factitious food, A. pisum and M. persicae 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. respectively. The shortest developmental time from egg to adult at this E-mail: [email protected] temperature was observed on factitious food (18.55 days). However, the factitious food was inferior to the aphid diets in terms of reproduction, Received: September 16, 2008; accepted: yielding the longest pre-oviposition period, shortest oviposition period March 22, 2009. and lowest fecundity. The mean oviposition rate at 23°C varied from ) 19.94 to 25.03 eggs day 1 on factitious food and M. persicae respectively. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0418.2009.01408.x The intrinsic rate of increase (rm) on different foods increased with increasing temperature and ranged from a minimum of 0.08 females/ female/day on factitious food (19°C) to a maximum of 0.18 females/ female/day on A.
    [Show full text]