White, J. T. and Bunn, C. (2017) Growing in Glasgow: Innovative practices and emerging policy pathways for urban agriculture. Land Use Policy, 68, pp. 334-344. (doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.07.056) This is the author’s final accepted version. There may be differences between this version and the published version. You are advised to consult the publisher’s version if you wish to cite from it. http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/145046/ Deposited on: 18 August 2017 Enlighten – Research publications by members of the University of Glasgow http://eprints.gla.ac.uk33640 Manuscript Details Manuscript number LUP_2016_730 Title Growing in Glasgow: Innovative practices and emerging policy pathways for urban agriculture Article type Full Length Article Abstract Driven by shared concerns about climate change, social justice and health and wellbeing, Urban Agriculture (UA) is an emergent global movement. In this paper, we present an exploratory case study of UA practice on the Southside of Glasgow, UK that traced the emergence and development of four UA projects. Data from the four projects revealed a diversity of practices, including temporary gardening projects organised by local volunteers, a community and market garden operated by a charity, a food shop and vegetable distribution service run by a social enterprise, and a permanent growing space for charities and schools provided by local government. UA practitioners in Glasgow have sought to re-purpose vacant and derelict land, build social cohesion, contribute to environmental and food sustainability and provide participation space for marginalised groups. Reflecting on future avenues for research on UA in Glasgow, we have identified two broad policy pathways that are emerging both at the local level and through national legislation in Scotland to harness local urban food growing and support UA. We conclude by pointing to a need to preserve the self-organising spirit of UA in Scotland as new legislation comes into force. Keywords Urban agriculture; community gardening; local food; legislation; Scotland Manuscript region of origin Europe Corresponding Author James White Corresponding Author's University of Glasgow Institution Order of Authors James White, Christopher Bunn Suggested reviewers Domenic Vitellio, Sarah Church, Andrew Cumbers, Kevin Morgan, John Crossan Submission Files Included in this PDF File Name [File Type] Highlights 26.07.17.docx [Highlights] Title Page 29.07.2016.docx [Title Page (with Author Details)] Growing in Glasgow 28.07.17.docx [Manuscript (without Author Details)] To view all the submission files, including those not included in the PDF, click on the manuscript title on your EVISE Homepage, then click 'Download zip file'. Research Data Related to this Submission There are no linked research data sets for this submission. The following reason is given: The authors do not have permission to share data Paper explores four UA case studiesprojects in Glasgow, Scotland that reveal a diversity of urban agriculture UA practices. Paper explores four UA case studies in Glasgow, Scotland that reveal a diversity of urban agriculture practices. Negotiating access to land and securing long-term funding are common challenges for the practitioners in this local field of practice.for local UA practitioners. Negotiating access to land and securing long-term funding are common challenges for local UA practitioners. UA practitioners in Glasgow seek to re-purpose vacant and derelict land, build social cohesion and contribute to environmental and food sustainability. UA practitioners in Glasgow seek to re-purpose vacant and derelict land, build social cohesion and contribute to environmental and food sustainability. National gGovernments have an important role to play in supporting community groups and local authorities to create optimal conditions for urban agricultureUA. Governments have a key role to play in supporting community groups and local authorities to create conditions for urban agriculture. Paper identifies two broad policy pathways for UA in Scotland: partnership- builidngbuilding between grassroots activists and the local government, and a national legislative framework that supports and enables UA. that are emerging both at the local level and through national legislation in Scotland to support urban agriculture. Paper identifies two broad policy pathways for UA in Scotland: partnership-building between grassroots and local government, and national empowerment legislation that widens governmental support for urban gardening. Growing in Glasgow: Innovative practices and emerging policy pathways for urban agriculture James T. White (Corresponding Author) Urban Studies, School of Social and Political Sciences Room 216, 26 Bute Gardens University of Glasgow Glasgow, G42 8QY United Kingdom Tel: 0141 330 3660 Email: [email protected] Christopher Bunn Institute of Health and Wellbeing Room 224, 27 Bute Gardens University of Glasgow Glasgow, G42 8QY United Kingdom Tel: 0141 300 3670 Email: [email protected] Growing in Glasgow: Innovative practices and emerging policy pathways for urban agriculture 1 Abstract Driven by shared concerns about climate change, social justice and health and wellbeing, Urban Agriculture (UA) is an emergent global movement. This paperIn this paper, we presentoffers an exploratory case study of UA practice on the Southside of Glasgow, UK and that traceds the emergence and development of four UA projects. Data from the four projects revealed a diversity of practices, including temporary gardening projects organised by local volunteers, a community and market garden operated by a charity, a food shop and vegetable distribution service run by a social enterprise, and a permanent growing space for charities and schools provided by local government. UA practitioners in Glasgow have sought to re-purpose vacant and derelict land, build social cohesion, contribute to environmental and food sustainability and provide participation space for marginalised groups. Reflecting on future avenues for research on UA in Glasgow, the paperwe have identifiedidentifies two broad policy pathways that are emerging both at the local level and through national legislation in Scotland to harness local urban food growing and support UA. The paper concludesWe conclude by pointing to a need to preserve the self- organising spirit of UA in Scotland as the newnew legislation comes into force. Keywords Urban agriculture; community gardening; local food; legislation; Glasgow; Scotland Word Count: 98378 2 1. Introduction Urban agriculture (UA) has burgeoned across the global north as a collective movement that seeks to address various social, economic and environmental challenges. It has proven popular in ‘shrinking’ post-industrial cities struggling with urban abandonment and long-term vacancy (Vitiello 2008, Gallagher 2010, Pothukuchi 2011), and has been championed as a solution to health and wellbeing problems such as as obesity and stress (Davis et al. 2011; Van Den Berg et al. 2011), poor access to food (Vitiello 2008), community fragmentation (Alaimo et al. 2010), and urban abandonment (LaCroix 2010). Researchers have argued that ‘greening’ the city through practices such as community gardening can increase stagnant land values and help to build social capital (Glover et al. 2005, Schilling and Logan 2008). As a result, UA has been hailed as a therapeutic and collaborative activity that empowers communities (Sempik et al. 2006, Viljoen et al. 2005). Once “the ultimate oxymoron” (Morgan 2015, p. 1385), UA has increasingly begun to involve a diverse bricolage of civil society groups, charities, local business and public institutions. Yet, despite these positive community impacts and the growing number of people and organisations engaged in UA, backing from government(s), both at the local and regional/national level, has remained uneven and, as a result, UA has tended to occupy a precarious physical space in the city (Thirbert 2012, Henderson and Hartsfield 2009). The aim of thisthis paper is to introduce demonstrate how urban agricultural practice has emerged and evolved in one part of the Scottish city of Glasgow. This exploratory case study offers an empirical examination of four projects on the Southside of the city to illuminate how UA has developed, where it is situated, and what types of state and non-state actors are involved in its practice. So far, this nascent movement has received only limited scholarly attention, notably by Crossan et al. (2016), who theorise that UA in Glasgow has taken the form of a collaborative grassroots citizenship that supports urban regeneration and builds bridges between local and institutional actors. The authors of this earlier paper characterise this phenomenon as a form of ‘DIY Citizenship’ and contend that the citizens involved in this movement are engaged in the process of building a new ‘material environment’ drawn from their own unique cultural and historical standpoint(s). Reflecting on the four projects explored in this paper, as well as the wider context for UA in Glasgow, it is argued we make the argument that local, regional and national 3 governments have a collective role to play in creating the conditions for local UA projects to flourish as both grassroots and state-supported entities. Drawing upon the Glasgow case, the paper identifies we identify a series of emergent policy pathways for UA practice in the city, and demonstrates that local government can assume a diverse leadership role as a promoter,