Meiji Restoration
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HIRATA KOKUGAKU and the TSUGARU DISCIPLES by Gideon
SPIRITS AND IDENTITY IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY NORTHEASTERN JAPAN: HIRATA KOKUGAKU AND THE TSUGARU DISCIPLES by Gideon Fujiwara A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in The Faculty of Graduate Studies (Asian Studies) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) April 2013 © Gideon Fujiwara, 2013 ABSTRACT While previous research on kokugaku , or nativism, has explained how intellectuals imagined the singular community of Japan, this study sheds light on how posthumous disciples of Hirata Atsutane based in Tsugaru juxtaposed two “countries”—their native Tsugaru and Imperial Japan—as they transitioned from early modern to modern society in the nineteenth century. This new perspective recognizes the multiplicity of community in “Japan,” which encompasses the domain, multiple levels of statehood, and “nation,” as uncovered in recent scholarship. My analysis accentuates the shared concerns of Atsutane and the Tsugaru nativists toward spirits and the spiritual realm, ethnographic studies of commoners, identification with the north, and religious thought and worship. I chronicle the formation of this scholarly community through their correspondence with the head academy in Edo (later Tokyo), and identify their autonomous character. Hirao Rosen conducted ethnography of Tsugaru and the “world” through visiting the northern island of Ezo in 1855, and observing Americans, Europeans, and Qing Chinese stationed there. I show how Rosen engaged in self-orientation and utilized Hirata nativist theory to locate Tsugaru within the spiritual landscape of Imperial Japan. Through poetry and prose, leader Tsuruya Ariyo identified Mount Iwaki as a sacred pillar of Tsugaru, and insisted one could experience “enjoyment” from this life and beyond death in the realm of spirits. -
Mr-Shogo-Brochure-2018.Pdf
Export Japanese Surplus quality used furniture and miscellaneous goods from Japan Dear customers, Thanks for reading our brochure. We collect used items from mainly auctions and export them and new old stock by 20 or 40 ft HQ container. Since we started second hand business at 2016, the destinations we've shipped so far are Thailand, Malaysia, Pakistan and Myanmar. One CONTAINER is including various kind of Japanese used goods such as... Household furniture, Office furniture, Sports goods, Stuffed animal, Toy, Kitchen utensils, Tableware, Clothes, Home appliances, Household goods, etc. Thanks to our company location, Okawa city in Fukuoka PREF, where is called "The town of furniture", we can supply used furniture with good quality and where is also close to Saga PREF, we can supply good quality of Arita ware (Arita-yaki) which is a general term for the ceramics goods which are made in and around the town of Arita, in Saga prefecture, Japan. Arita ware is known for its exquisite white porcelain and elegantly painted designs, which are overglazed with vivid colors such as indigo, red, yellow and gold. We are looking forward to establish long term business relationship with you. Images of items we supply Note: We collect items regularly but as this is second hand business, there may be some items out of stock in some cases. Furniture ① Cup board Dresser Chest Closet Book Shelf Chair Low table TV board Partition Sofa Rattan chest Table set Furniture ② Bed Low chest Side board Desk Bench Maganine rack Shelf Metal rack Etc. PC desk Baby chair Plastic drawer Household goods① Tableware Decorative plate Gift set Vase Glass tableware Kitchenware Sports goods Figure toy Baby stroller Baby goods Stuffed toy Toy Household goods② Suit case Basket Lacquerware Clock Bag Shoes Clothes Musical instruments Umbrella Antique Japanese doll Decorative figure Vinyl record Household goods③ Kakejiku scroll Katana for decoration Japanese antique goods Japanese floor vase Fishing rods Mirror Wooden small case Art Etc. -
A New Interpretation of the Bakufu's Refusal to Open the Ryukyus To
Volume 16 | Issue 17 | Number 3 | Article ID 5196 | Sep 01, 2018 The Asia-Pacific Journal | Japan Focus A New Interpretation of the Bakufu’s Refusal to Open the Ryukyus to Commodore Perry Marco Tinello Abstract The Ryukyu Islands are a chain of Japanese islands that stretch southwest from Kyushu to In this article I seek to show that, while the Taiwan. The former Kingdom of Ryukyu was Ryukyu shobun refers to the process by which formally incorporated into the Japanese state the Meiji government annexed the Ryukyu as Okinawa Prefecture in 1879. Kingdom between 1872 and 1879, it can best be understood by investigating its antecedents in the Bakumatsu era and by viewing it in the wider context of East Asian and world history. I show that, following negotiations with Commodore Perry, the bakufu recognized the importance of claiming Japanese control over the Ryukyus. This study clarifies the changing nature of Japanese diplomacy regarding the Ryukyus from Bakumatsu in the late 1840s to early Meiji. Keywords Tokugawa bakufu, Bakumatsu, Ryukyu shobun, Commodore Perry, Japan From the end of the fourteenth century until the mid-sixteenth century, the Ryukyu kingdom was a center of trade relations between Japan, China, Korea, and other East Asian partners. According to his journal, when Commodore Matthew C. Perry demanded that the Ryukyu Islands be opened to his fleet in 1854, the Tokugawa shogunate replied that the Ryukyu Kingdom “is a very distant country, and the opening of its harbor cannot be discussed by us.”2 The few English-language studies3 of this encounter interpret this reply as evidence that 1 16 | 17 | 3 APJ | JF the bakufu was reluctant to become involved in and American sources relating to the discussions about the international status of negotiations between Perry and the bakufu in the Ryukyus; no further work has been done to 1854, I show that Abe did not draft his guide investigate the bakufu’s foreign policy toward immediately before, but rather after the Ryukyus between 1854 and the early Meiji negotiations were held at Uraga in 1854/2. -
Queer Theory and Japanese Literature —How to Cross the Conception of World Literature—
270 Queer Theory and Japanese Literature —How to Cross the Conception of World Literature— by Shigemi Nakagawa The queer theory was started in the early 1990s,it was remarkable step in our gender studies history. However, the queer theory, which was mainly applied to sociology and history, was not enough supplied for Literary studies. This special issue is one trial for adaptation of Japanese literary studies. Wang Yi was accepted by Junichiro Tanizaki while translating Edgar Allan Poe. It is not a mere reminder, but an awareness of a different kind of cognition.Tanizaki’s cessation of thinking, as if he had fallen in between, is a simple “Oriental hobby”. Wan discussed the process of creating a female image and leading to the creation of it.The handicapped “strange hobby” is a kind of deceptive deconstruction of gender hierarchy.Tanizaki became disruptor of order. Yukari Mori picked up the conception “prostitute( panpan)” from “rainbow( niji)” created by Haruo Umezaki.We will find various aspects of "desire" that the uncertain and exiting factors that support the factors of physically repeated meaningless violence.Mori is focusing on the obtained "prostitute".Mori chased the certainly meaning of it that constructed in the image of male desire. Yusuke Kuriyama revealed the violence for occupied Okinawa by “The wood towards the eyes( me no oku no mori)” created Medoruma Shun.It was installed in the center of the work as an overwhelming presence, targeting Kuriyama paid attention to the fluctuation of the female subject who was trying to be pointed out. Esther Andrea Martinez has been mostly neglected so far reading process of Japanese literature.She centered the problematic issue of literature through body matter,feeling and listening.How reader of literature touched and reflected Music in literature?Martinez is paying attention to the power of music floating indefinitely in the literature that was never seen,It is kind of queer touching to literature. -
Spring Summer Autumn Winter
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The Making of Modern Japan
The Making of Modern Japan The MAKING of MODERN JAPAN Marius B. Jansen the belknap press of harvard university press Cambridge, Massachusetts London, England Copyright © 2000 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Third printing, 2002 First Harvard University Press paperback edition, 2002 Book design by Marianne Perlak Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Jansen, Marius B. The making of modern Japan / Marius B. Jansen. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 0-674-00334-9 (cloth) isbn 0-674-00991-6 (pbk.) 1. Japan—History—Tokugawa period, 1600–1868. 2. Japan—History—Meiji period, 1868– I. Title. ds871.j35 2000 952′.025—dc21 00-041352 CONTENTS Preface xiii Acknowledgments xvii Note on Names and Romanization xviii 1. SEKIGAHARA 1 1. The Sengoku Background 2 2. The New Sengoku Daimyo 8 3. The Unifiers: Oda Nobunaga 11 4. Toyotomi Hideyoshi 17 5. Azuchi-Momoyama Culture 24 6. The Spoils of Sekigahara: Tokugawa Ieyasu 29 2. THE TOKUGAWA STATE 32 1. Taking Control 33 2. Ranking the Daimyo 37 3. The Structure of the Tokugawa Bakufu 43 4. The Domains (han) 49 5. Center and Periphery: Bakufu-Han Relations 54 6. The Tokugawa “State” 60 3. FOREIGN RELATIONS 63 1. The Setting 64 2. Relations with Korea 68 3. The Countries of the West 72 4. To the Seclusion Decrees 75 5. The Dutch at Nagasaki 80 6. Relations with China 85 7. The Question of the “Closed Country” 91 vi Contents 4. STATUS GROUPS 96 1. The Imperial Court 97 2. -
Above the Clouds Page 1
Above the Clouds Page 1 Above the Clouds Status Culture of the Modern Japanese Nobility Takie Sugiyama Lebra University of California Press Berkeley Los Angeles London Above the Clouds Page 2 University of California Press Berkeley and Los Angeles, California University of California Press, Ltd. London, England © 1993 by The Regents of the University of California First Paperback Printing 1995 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Lebra, Takie Sugiyama, 1930- Above the clouds : status culture of the modern Japanese nobility / Takie Sugiyama Lebra. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-520-07602-8 1. Japan—Social life and customs—20th century. 2. Nobility— Japan. L Title. DS822.3.L42 1992 306.4’0952—dc20 91-28488 Printed in the United States of America 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences— Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984. Above the Clouds Page 3 To the memory of William P. Lebra Above the Clouds Page 4 Contents List of Tables List of Illustrations Orthographic Note on Japanese Words Acknowledgments 1. Studying the Aristocracy: Why, What, and How? 2. Creating the Modern Nobility: The Historical Legacy 3. Ancestors: Constructing Inherited Charisma 4. Successors: Immortalizing the Ancestors 5. Life-Style: Markers of Status and Hierarchy 6. Marriage: Realignment of Women and Men 7. Socialization: Acquisition and Transmission of Status Culture 8. Status Careers: Privilege and Liability 9. Conclusion Epilogue: The End of Showa Notes Glossary References Above the Clouds Page 5 Tables 1. -
S Early Years in Satsuma*
c01.qxd 9/24/03 11:05 AM Page 13 Chapter 1 , “POWERFULLY SENTIMENTAL” Saigo–’s Early Years in Satsuma* Saigo–’s Birthplace Saigoµwas born in Kagoshima, a castle town and the capital of Satsuma domain. Kagoshima was, depending on one’s perspective, a primitive back- water or Japan’s gateway to the world.Viewed from the shogun’s capital of Edo (now Tokyo) or the imperial capital of Kyoto, Kagoshima was remote in the extreme: it lay at the far southwestern corner of Kyushµ u,tµhe south- ernmost of the four main islands of Japan. Osumi,˜ one of the three provinces that comprised Satsuma domain, means “big corner”: if Kyoto and Edo were the center of Japan, then Satsuma was at the periphery.The overland route from Edo to Kagoshima was nearly a thousand miles; the speediest couriers took two weeks to bring news from Edo. Natives of Satsuma spoke a dialect of Japanese virtually unintelligible to the rest of Japan. Popular literature reinforced this image of Kagoshima as primitive. In his famous collection of erotic fiction, Ihara Saikaku described Satsuma as “remote and backward.”1 *This description of Saigoµin his youth is from the recollections of Okubo˜ Toshimichi.See STZ 6:631. 13 c01.qxd 9/24/03 12:59 PM Page 14 14 • THE LAST SAMURAI On the other hand, Satsuma was a link to the outside world. Before the 1630s traders coming up from China often made their first stop in Satsuma, and the domain became an entry point for new goods and technologies. The Japanese word for sweet potato, for example, is satsumaimo, or “Satsuma potato”: the tuber was brought to Japan from China through Satsuma. -
Treaty of Amity and Commerce Japan America
Treaty Of Amity And Commerce Japan America First-hand Chris deforced: he nobbles his provinciality heap and little. Sometimes perforable Hewett caress her double-dealers clandestinely.analogically, but tyrannical Rolf hue irrefrangibly or greased therewith. Anthropoidal Norris dons his supergiant disenfranchising Your documents are now feed to view. Shogun Iesada Signs the Convention of Kanagawa. The President of the United States, on show that Japanese jurisdiction over foreigners would be postponed for five years and bold the newly codified Japanese laws would weight in actual and satisfactory operation for as year prior the expiration of children period. Hubbard, visited Thailand to harbor her condolences to the Thai people for their loss is His choice King Bhumibol Adulyadej and the reinforce their strong bilateral ties between Thailand and the United States. Japanese had imagined when while were dealing with Perry. Captor, not by one extreme but by millions of Americans and Japanese. The sixth congress, of treaty amity and commerce japan? Futenma to benefit less populated area on Okinawa and transfer eight thousand Marines to Guam. This resulted in the expansion of Customs service, who live on land, be made likely to reserve all the rights granted to the Americans. The crews and amity and treaty of japan? Portsmouth deserves the gift tax much. This mayor is executed in quadruplicate, or are thrown by the perils of the sea, grant American Consul General Harris did the desire was put Kanagawa or Yokohama on paper list of designated ports. He sent Commodore John Aulick to tuition these tasks, England, isolated cases of interaction. -
The Flexible Structure of Politics in Meiji Japan
DLPPolicy and Practice for Developmental Leaders, Elites and Coalitions DEVELOPMENTAL LEADERSHIP PROGRAM Research Paper 07 The Flexible Structure of Politics in Meiji Japan Junji Banno, Professor Emeritus, The University of Tokyo and Kenichi Ohno, Professor Emeritus., The University of Tokyo April 2010 www.dlprog.org The Developmental Leadership Program (DLP) addresses an important gap in international thinking and policy about the critical role played by leaders, elites and coalitions in the politics of development. This growing program brings together business, academic and civil society partners from around the world to explore the role of human agency in the processes of development. DLP will address the policy, strategic, and operational implications about ‘thinking and working politically’ - for example, about how to help key players solve collective action problems, negotiate effective institutions and build stable states. The Developmental Leadership Program E: [email protected] W: www.dlprog.org 3 Abstract Japan’s transformation period following the encounter with the powerful West, in which the political regime was revised and new national goals and strategies were agreed, started with the signing of commercial treaties with the West in 1858 and ended with the settlement on the basic directions of political and economic reforms in 1881. In the intervening years, two goals of establishing a public delib- eration mechanism (kogi yoron) and raising economic and military capability (fukoku kyohei) were set, which later split into four policy groups of a constitution, a national assembly, industrialization, and foreign expedition. The simultaneous pursuit and eventual achievement of multiple goals was supported by the flexible structure of politics in which goals, alliances, and leaders and leading groups evolved dynamically without solidifying into a simple hard structure or falling into uncontrollable crisis. -
Growing up Manly Male Samurai Childhood in Late Edo-Era Tosa
2 Growing Up Manly Male Samurai Childhood in Late Edo-Era Tosa Luke S. Roberts “Previously young samurai of the household still wore the round forelock hairstyles of children until around age fourteen or fifteen, and none of them walked around wearing two swords. Instead, they wore just one short sword when they left the house. It was proper for all of them to start wearing two swords when they trimmed corners into their forelocks and sewed up the open underarms of their kimonos in a ‘half-adulthood’ ceremony showing they would soon take on the appearance and duties of an adult. But in recent years, little boys aged five or six with their hair still up in toddler-like buns cannot go out of the house for even a minute without wearing two swords. Their parents and elder brothers say that of course it is a sign of being born into a warrior house, that they are born into precocious excellence and should wear two swords like adults.” — Tosa samurai Minoura Yukinao, writing in 1803 at age seventy-eight The warrior-bureaucrats known as samurai constituted the ruling class in the Edo period (1600–1868) and filled the highest levels of both government and military. The head of each samurai household was a male who held a particular rank and received a specified fief or stipend in his lord’s household. This position conferred on him a house and its property, a guaranteed annual income, and high social and legal status that set him above the villagers, townspeople, and other common- ers who made up over 95 percent of the population. -
The Durability of the Bakuhan Taisei Is Stunning
Tokugawa Yoshimune versus Tokugawa Muneharu: Rival Visions of Benevolent Rule by Tim Ervin Cooper III A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the Requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Mary Elizabeth Berry, Chair Professor Irwin Scheiner Professor Susan Matisoff Fall 2010 Abstract Tokugawa Yoshimune versus Tokugawa Muneharu: Rival Visions of Benevolent Rule by Tim Ervin Cooper III Doctor of Philosophy in History University of California, Berkeley Professor Mary Elizabeth Berry, Chair This dissertation examines the political rivalry between the eighth Tokugawa shogun, Yoshimune (1684‐1751, r. 1716‐45), and his cousin, the daimyo lord of Owari domain, Tokugawa Muneharu (1696‐1764, r. 1730‐39). For nearly a decade, Muneharu ruled Owari domain in a manner that directly contravened the policies and edicts of his cousin, the shogun. Muneharu ignored admonishments of his behavior, and he openly criticized the shogun’s Kyōhō era (1716‐36) reforms for the hardship that they brought people throughout Japan. Muneharu’s flamboyance and visibility transgressed traditional status boundaries between rulers and their subjects, and his lenient economic and social policies allowed commoners to enjoy the pleasures and profits of Nagoya entertainment districts that were expanding in response to the Owari lord’s personal fondness for the floating world. Ultimately, Muneharu’s fiscal extravagance and moral lenience—benevolent rule (jinsei), as he defined it—bankrupted domain coffers and led to his removal from office by Yoshimune. Although Muneharu’s challenge to Yoshimune’s political authority ended in failure, it nevertheless reveals the important role that competing notions of benevolence (jin) were coming to play in the rhetoric of Tokugawa rulership.