The American Community—
American Indians and Alaska Natives: 2004 Issued May 2007 American Community Survey Reports ACS-07
U.S. Department of Commerce U S C E N S U S B U R E A U Economics and Statistics Administration U.S. CENSUS BUREAU Helping You Make Informed Decisions Acknowledgments This report was drafted for the U.S. Census Bureau’s Racial Statistics Branch by staff of the Pew Hispanic Center, Washington, DC (Roberto Suro, Rakesh Kocchar, Jeffrey Passel, Gabriel Escobar, Sonya Tafoya, Richard Fry, Dulce Benevides, and Michelle Wunsch). Edward Spar and Frederick J. Cavanaugh of Sabre Systems, Inc. provided initial review of the report.
Direction for the report was provided by Jorge H. del Pinal, former Assistant Division Chief, Special Population Statistics, Population Division. Overall direction was provided by Howard Hogan, Associate Director for Demographic Programs, and Enrique J. Lamas, Chief, Population Division.
The report was finalized by Nicholas A. Jones, Population Division. Within the Population Division, Frank B. Hobbs and Claudette E. Bennett provided subject matter review and guid- ance; Stella U. Ogunwole, Letha L. Clinton, and Maryam Asi provided principal statistical assistance; and Anika Juhn and Pedro Martinez prepared the maps. Principal editorial review and guid- ance was provided by Marjorie F. Hanson, Data Integration Division. In addition, Lisa M. Blumerman, Kenneth R. Bryson, and Deborah H. Griffin of the American Community Survey Office provided helpful comments on this report.
Dale Garrett, under the guidance of Alfredo Navarro and Anthony G. Tersine, Jr. of the Decennial Statistical Studies Division, conducted sampling review.
Jan Sweeney, Theodora Forgione, and Jamie Peters of the Administrative and Customer Services Division, Walter C. Odom, Chief, provided publications and printing management, graphics design and composition, and editorial review for print and electronic media. General direction and production management were provided by Wanda Cevis, Chief, Publications Services Branch. The American Community— American Indians and Alaska Natives: 2004
INTRODUCTION Table 1. Household Population by Race and Hispanic Origin: 2004 This report presents a portrait of the (Data based on sample limited to the household population and exclude the population living in American Indian and Alaska Native institutions, college dormitories, and other group quarters. For information on confidentiality 1 protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, see population in the United States. It is http://factfinder.census.gov/home/en/datanotes/exp_acs2004.html) part of the American Community Survey (ACS) report series. Percent of Race and Hispanic origin total Margin of Information on demographic, social, Population population error1 (±) economic, and housing characteris- Total ...... 285,691,501 100.00 (X) tics in the tables and figures is based on data from the 2004 ACS White alone, not Hispanic ...... 192,362,875 67.33 0.01 Selected Population Profiles and American Indian and Alaska Native alone2 ... 2,151,322 0.75 0.02 Detailed Tables.2 The data for the Not Hispanic ...... 1,852,775 0.65 0.01 Hispanic ...... 298,547 0.10 0.01 American Indian and Alaska Native population are based on responses American Indian and Alaska Native alone or in combination ...... 4,006,160 1.40 0.02 to the 2004 ACS question on race, Not Hispanic ...... 3,445,472 1.21 0.02 which asked all respondents to Hispanic ...... 560,688 0.20 0.02 report one or more races.3 American Indian and Alaska Native in combination ...... 1,854,838 0.65 0.02 The 2004 ACS estimated the num- Not Hispanic ...... 1,592,697 0.56 0.02 ber of American Indians and Alaska Hispanic ...... 262,141 0.09 0.01 Natives to be about 4 million, or American Indian and Alaska Native and 1.4 percent of the U.S. household White ...... 1,370,675 0.48 0.02 4 population (Table 1). The number (X) Not applicable. of individuals who reported 1 This number, when added to and subtracted from the estimate, produces the 90-percent confidence interval around the estimate. American Indian and Alaska Native 2 This category includes people who reported only ‘‘American Indian or Alaska Native,’’ either by specifying one or more American Indian or Alaska Native tribes or tribal groupings or by responding with as their only race was about a generic term such as ‘‘American Indian’’ or ‘‘Alaska Native.’’ 2.2 million, or 0.8 percent of the Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2004 American Community Survey, Selected Population Profiles, population. About another 1.9 mil- S0201. lion reported their race as American Indian and Alaska Native including about 1.4 million people Data are reported for both the and one or more other races, who reported their race as American Indian and Alaska Native- American Indian and Alaska Native alone and the American Indian and 1 In the federal government, the category and White.5 The American Indian Alaska Native-alone-or-in- “American Indian or Alaska Native” refers to and Alaska Native-alone-or-in-com- combination populations. In this people having origins in any of the original peoples of North and South America (includ- bination population included about report, respondents who reported ing Central America) who maintain tribal 561,000 Hispanics, and the American Indian and Alaska Native affiliation or community attachment. 2 The 2004 ACS datasets, including American Indian and Alaska Native- and no other race are included in Selected Population Profiles and Detailed alone population included about the single-race or American Indian Tables, are available online in the American 6 FactFinder at
U.S. Census Bureau The American Community—American Indians and Alaska Natives: 2004 1 (i.e., including those who reported Table 2. their race as one or more American American Indian and Alaska Native Household Population by Tribal Group: 2004 Indian and Alaska Native tribes and (Data based on sample limited to the household population and exclude the population living in no other race). Respondents who institutions, college dormitories, and other group quarters. For information on confidentiality protection, reported American Indian and sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, see http://factfinder.census.gov/home/en/datanotes/exp_acs2004.html) Alaska Native either alone or with one or more other race categories Percent of are included in the American American Indian and Tribal group Indian and Alaska Native-alone-or- Alaska Native- in-combination population. The alone Margin of 1 ± report also includes data for the Population population error ( ) non-Hispanic segments of these American Indian and 2 populations. Alaska Native alone ...... 2,151,322 100.0 (X) American Indian tribal grouping, specified . . . 1,729,574 80.4 0.88 Data on individuals who reported Apache ...... 66,048 3.1 0.63 that they were American Indian Blackfeet ...... 39,508 1.8 1.13 and Alaska Native and White, a Cherokee ...... 331,491 15.4 0.83 Cheyenne ...... 15,715 0.7 0.35 part of the in-combination popula- Chickasaw ...... 12,773 0.6 0.27 tion, are shown separately in this Chippewa ...... 92,041 4.3 0.47 report in the American Indian and Choctaw ...... 55,107 2.6 0.47 Creek ...... 27,243 1.3 0.26 Alaska Native and White category. Iroquois ...... 50,982 2.4 0.51 Lumbee ...... 59,433 2.8 0.25 The term “American Indian and Navajo ...... 230,401 10.7 1.20 Alaska Native” is used to refer to Osage ...... 13,982 0.6 0.25 0.16 the American Indian and Alaska Ottawa ...... 12,824 0.6 Paiute ...... 14,944 0.7 0.23 Native-alone population and the Pima ...... 48,709 2.3 1.35 term “non-Hispanic White” is used Potawatomi ...... 14,952 0.7 0.21 0.70 to refer to the White-alone, not Pueblo ...... 69,203 3.2 Seminole ...... 12,578 0.6 0.29 Hispanic population. In the report Sioux ...... 67,666 3.1 0.70 graphics, the acronym “AIAN” is Tohono O’Odham ...... 20,577 1.0 0.31 0.22 used to refer to the American Indian Yaqui ...... 16,169 0.8 Yuman ...... 10,419 0.5 0.78 and Alaska Native population. All other American Indian tribes3 ...... 446,809 20.8 1.27 American Indian tribes, not specified ...... 45,736 2.1 0.35 The American Indian and Alaska Alaska Native tribes, specified ...... 89,462 4.2 0.37 Native population includes people Alaska Athabascan ...... 12,370 0.6 0.17 who reported American Indian and Aleut ...... 11,037 0.5 0.16 Alaska Native or wrote in their Eskimo ...... 35,951 1.7 1.16 Tlingit-Haida ...... 18,677 0.9 0.67 principal or enrolled tribe or tribes All other Alaska Native tribes4 ...... 11,427 0.5 0.73 on the ACS question on race. Alaska Native tribes, not specified ...... 11,808 0.5 0.09 American Indian tribes or Alaska Native Among American Indians, Cherokee tribes, not specified5 ...... 274,742 12.8 0.90 was the largest tribal grouping, (X) Not applicable. with a population of 331,000 or 1 This number, when added to and subtracted from the estimate, produces the 90-percent 15 percent of the American Indian confidence interval around the estimate. 2 This category includes people who reported only ‘‘American Indian or Alaska Native,’’ either by and Alaska Native-alone population specifying one or more American Indian or Alaska Native tribes or tribal groupings or by responding with 7 a generic term such as ‘‘American Indian’’ or ‘‘Alaska Native.’’ (Table 2). Navajo was the 3 This category includes people who reported one specified American Indian tribe or tribal grouping not shown above, as well as people who reported two or more specified American Indian tribes or tribal groupings but only reported as American Indian or Alaska Native. 7 Tribal grouping refers to the combining 4 This category includes people who reported one specified Alaska Native tribe or tribal grouping not of individual American Indian tribes into a shown above, as well as people who reported two or more specified Alaska Native tribes or tribal general tribal grouping, such as Fort Sill groupings but reported only as American Indian or Alaska Native. 5 Apache, Jicarilla Apache, and Mescalero This category includes respondents who checked the ‘‘American Indian or Alaska Native’’ response category or wrote in the generic term ‘‘American Indian’’ or ‘‘Alaska Native’’ or tribal entries not Apache, into the general Apache tribe, or com- elsewhere classified. bining individual Alaska Native tribes, such as Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2004 American Community Survey, Selected Population Profiles, American Eskimo, Eskimo, and Greenland S0201, and Detailed Tables, B02005. Eskimo, into the general Eskimo tribe.
2 The American Community—American Indians and Alaska Natives: 2004 U.S. Census Bureau What Is the American Community Survey?
The American Community Survey (ACS) is a new year and produced estimates for the United States, nationwide survey designed to provide reliable, states, and essentially all places, counties, and met- timely information for local communities on how ropolitan areas with at least 250,000 people. they are changing. This survey is a critical element in the U.S. Census Bureau’s 2010 Decennial Census The data contained in this report are based on the Program. The ACS collects detailed information on ACS sample interviewed in 2004. The population the characteristics of the population and housing represented (the population universe) is limited to on an ongoing sample basis. These data previously the household population and excludes the popula- were collected in census years in conjunction with tion living in institutions, college dormitories, and the decennial census. Since the ACS is conducted other group quarters. For information on the ACS every year, rather than once every 10 years, it will sample design and other ACS topics, visit provide more current data throughout the decade.
second-largest tribal grouping, with HIGHLIGHTS American Indian and Alaska Native a population of 230,000 or 11 per- households were family house- American Indians and Alaska cent of the American Indian and holds. Compared with non- Natives were most likely to live in Alaska Native-alone population. Hispanic White women, American one of three states—Arizona, Other tribal groupings with popula- Indian and Alaska Native women California, and Oklahoma. Many of tions of about 50,000 or more were more likely to have given the Western states had relatively included Apache, Chippewa, birth in the past 12 months.8 larger proportions (3 percent or Choctaw, Iroquois, Lumbee, Pueblo, more) of American Indians and About 1 of every 4 American and Sioux. These tribal groupings Alaska Natives, compared with the Indians and Alaska Natives lived accounted for nearly one-half of the rest of the United States. below the poverty level, compared American Indian and Alaska Native- with about 1 of every 10 non- alone population. Among Alaska Compared with the non-Hispanic Hispanic Whites. About one-quarter Natives, Eskimo and Tlingit-Haida White population, the American of American Indian and Alaska tribal groupings both had popula- Indian and Alaska Native popula- tions of 15,000 or more people. In tion had a larger proportion of 8 The summary statistics mentioned in the future, as the ACS goes to full younger people and a smaller pro- these highlights often refer to different seg- implementation and multiple-year portion of older people in 2004. ments of the American Indian and Alaska Native-alone population. For example, birth estimates are produced, more infor- American Indians and Alaska rates are estimated for women 15 to 50 years mation about additional tribal Natives were more likely never to old, and educational attainment refers to the population aged 25 and older. The figures in groupings may be available. have married than non-Hispanic the report contain information on the uni- Whites. About two-thirds of verse for each statistic.
U.S. Census Bureau The American Community—American Indians and Alaska Natives: 2004 3 Understanding Data on Race and Hispanic Origin From the 2004 American Community Survey
The 2004 American Community Survey (ACS) fol- Because the 2004 ACS allowed respondents to lowed the federal standards for collecting and pre- report more than one race, two basic ways of defin- senting data on race and Hispanic origin estab- ing a race group are possible. A group such as lished by the Office of Management and Budget American Indian and Alaska Native may be defined (OMB) in 1997. In accordance with these standards, as those who reported American Indian and Alaska which mandate that race and Hispanic origin are Native and no other race (the race-alone or single- two separate and distinct concepts, the ACS asked race concept) or as those who reported American both a Hispanic-origin question and a race ques- Indian and Alaska Native regardless of whether tion.* The first question asked respondents if they they also reported another race (the race alone-or- were Spanish, Hispanic, or Latino. The next ques- in-combination concept). tion asked respondents to indicate the race or races Race and Hispanic origin are treated as two separate they considered themselves to be.** and distinct concepts in the federal statistical sys- The questions about race and Hispanic origin on the tem. People in each race group may be either 2004 ACS are comparable with those on Census Hispanic or not Hispanic, and people of Hispanic 2000. In both, the Hispanic-origin question preceded origin may be any race. The Census Bureau uses a the race question, and respondents were asked to variety of approaches for showing data on race and select one or more race categories. The 2004 ACS ethnicity. The text of this report compares the popu- question on race included 15 separate response cate- lation and housing characteristics for the single-race gories and two areas where respondents could write American Indian and Alaska Native population with in a more specific race group. In addition to White, those of the White-alone, not Hispanic population. Black or African American, American Indian or Alaska However, this does not imply that this approach is Native, and Some Other Race, 7 of the 15 response the Census Bureau’s preferred method for analyzing categories are Asian and 4 are Native Hawaiian or data on race. In the graphics and tables of this Other Pacific Islander. OMB recognizes five standard report, several approaches for measuring race are race categories: White, Black or African American, shown. These approaches illustrate the overlapping American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, and Native concepts for measuring race. The specific measures Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander. The response cat- shown are: 1) the single-race American Indian and egories and write-in answers can be combined to Alaska Native population; 2) the single-race American create the five OMB race categories plus Some Other Indian and Alaska Native, not Hispanic population; Race, as well as all combinations of two or more 3) the American Indian and Alaska Native-alone-or-in- races. The “Some Other Race” category was included combination population; and 4) the American Indian in Census 2000 and also in the 2004 ACS for respon- and Alaska Native-alone-or-in-combination, not dents who were unable to identify with 1 of the 5 Hispanic population. OMB race categories. Because Hispanics may be any race, data in this report for American Indians and Alaska Natives * For further information, see
Native workers were employed in Most American Indians and Alaska American Indians and Alaska management, professional, and Natives were high school graduates Natives generally spoke only related occupations. and about 1 of every 7 had a bache- English at home or spoke English lor’s degree or more education. very well.
4 The American Community—American Indians and Alaska Natives: 2004 U.S. Census Bureau About one-third of American Indians and Alaska Natives resided in three states.
• In 2004, American Indians and Figure 1. Alaska Natives were most likely American Indian and Alaska Native Household to live in 1 of 3 states—Arizona, Population by State: 2004 California, or Oklahoma. These (Percent distribution of American Indian and Alaska Native population. Data based on states represented the top three sample limited to the household population and exclude the population living in states for both the American institutions, college dormitories, and other group quarters. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, see Indian and Alaska Native-alone http://factfinder.census.gov/home/en/datanotes/exp_acs2004.html) population, as well as the American Indian and Alaska American Indian and Alaska Native Alone Native-alone-or-in-combination population. Arizona 12.6 • Arizona represented about All other states 33.9 13 percent of the American Indian and Alaska Native-alone Oklahoma 12.4 population and about 8 percent of the American Indian and Alaska Native-alone-or-in- combination population.
• California and Oklahoma each California 12.2 represented about 12 percent of Montana 2.7 the American Indian and Alaska New York 2.8 Native-alone population and New Mexico 8.1 Washington 3.4 about 14 percent (California) Alaska 3.8 and about 10 percent North Carolina 4.0 Texas 4.0 (Oklahoma) of the American Indian and Alaska Native-alone- American Indian and Alaska Native Alone or in Combination or-in-combination population.9
All other states 41.1 California 13.9 9 The percentages of the American Indian and Alaska Native-alone populations in Oklahoma and California are not statistically different from the American Indian and Alaska Native-alone population in Arizona. Oklahoma 10.3
Arizona 8.0
Texas 5.1
New Mexico 4.8 Alaska 3.1 Washington 4.1 Michigan 3.2 New York 3.2 North Carolina 3.4
Note: Percentages do not sum to 100.0 due to rounding. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2004 American Community Survey, Selected Population Profiles, S0201.
U.S. Census Bureau The American Community—American Indians and Alaska Natives: 2004 5 Alaska had a larger proportion of American Indians and Alaska Natives than any other state.
• The American Indian and Alaska 13 percent), as well as American Mexico. Oklahoma and North Native-alone population repre- Indians and Alaska Natives who Dakota also had relatively larger sented about 0.8 percent of the reported one or more races proportions of American Indians U.S. household population, and (about 19 percent). and Alaska Natives. the American Indian and Alaska • Many western states had rela- • In addition to these states, two Native-alone-or-in-combination tively larger proportions (3 per- other states had relatively larger population represented about cent or more) of American proportions of American Indians 1.4 percent. Indians and Alaska Natives. For and Alaska Natives who report- • The state of Alaska had the single-race American Indians ed one or more races—Wyoming largest proportion of single-race and Alaska Natives, this includ- and South Dakota. American Indians and Alaska ed states such as Alaska, Natives in its population (about Arizona, Montana, and New
Figure 2. Percent American Indian and Alaska Native by State: 2004 (American Indian and Alaska Native-alone, and American Indian and Alaska Native-alone-or-in-combination population, as a percent of state population. Data based on sample limited to the household population and exclude the population living in institutions, college dormitories, and other group quarters. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, see http://factfinder.census.gov/home/en/datanotes/exp_acs2004.html)
AK AK 12.9 American Indian and 19.3 American Indian and Alaska Native Alaska Native alone alone or in combination
WA MT ND 2.7 MT ND 6.5 5.6 OR 7.8 6.2 MN ID SD 2.6 ID SD 1.5 1.6 WY 2.4 2.1 WY 3.2 2.3 3.4 NV CA 1.9 CO 1.6 1.5 KS 2.5 AZ OK AZ OK NM NM AR NC 4.8 7.8 5.7 12.0 9.3 10.2 1.5 1.6
HI 2.0
8.0 or more 8.0 or more 3.0 to 7.9 3.0 to 7.9 1.5 to 2.9 1.5 to 2.9 Less than 1.5 Less than 1.5 U.S. percent 0.8 U.S. percent 1.4
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2004 American Community Survey, Detailed Tables, B02001 and B02010.
6 The American Community—American Indians and Alaska Natives: 2004 U.S. Census Bureau The median age of American Indians and Alaska Natives was about 8 years younger than that of non-Hispanic Whites.
• In 2004, American Indians and proportion of young people and non-Hispanic Whites. About Alaska Natives had a median a smaller proportion of older 7 percent of American Indians age of 31.9 years, about 8 years people than the non-Hispanic and Alaska Natives were 65 and younger than the median age of White population. older, compared with about the non-Hispanic White popula- 15 percent of non-Hispanic • About 30 percent of American tion, 40.1 years. Whites. Indians and Alaska Natives were • The American Indian and Alaska children (under 18), compared Native population had a larger with about 22 percent of
Figure 3. Selected Age Groups and Median Age: 2004 (Percent distribution. Data based on sample limited to the household population and exclude the population living in institutions, college dormitories, and other group quarters. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, see http://factfinder.census.gov/home/en/datanotes/exp_acs2004.html) Median age Under 18 18 to 44 45 to 64 65 and older (years)
Total 25.5 38.0 24.5 12.0 36.2
White alone, not 22.3 35.8 27.3 14.5 40.1 Hispanic
AIAN alone 29.6 40.6 23.3 6.5 31.9
AIAN alone, not 29.3 39.9 23.9 6.9 32.7 Hispanic
AIAN alone or in 30.9 38.6 23.6 7.1 32.0 combination AIAN alone or in 29.6 38.1 24.7 7.6 33.4 combination, not Hispanic
AIAN and White 29.9 36.5 25.0 8.5 34.1
Note: Some percentages do not sum to 100.0 due to rounding. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2004 American Community Survey, Selected Population Profiles, S0201.
U.S. Census Bureau The American Community—American Indians and Alaska Natives: 2004 7 More than one-third of the American Indians and Alaska Natives had never married.
• In 2004, about 42 percent of • American Indians and Alaska 14 percent), compared with American Indians and Alaska Natives (about 35 percent) were about 1 of every 8 non-Hispanic Natives aged 15 and older were more likely than non-Hispanic Whites (about 2 percent and married, compared with about Whites (about 24 percent) never about 11 percent, respectively). 57 percent of non-Hispanic to have married. Whites aged 15 and older.10 • About 1 of every 6 American 10 Differences between the age distribu- Indians and Alaska Natives was tions of American Indians and Alaska Natives and non-Hispanic Whites may affect marital either separated (about 3 per- status patterns. cent) or divorced (about
Figure 4. Marital Status: 2004 (Percent distribution of population 15 and older. Data based on sample limited to the household population and exclude the population living in institutions, college dormitories, and other group quarters. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, see http://factfinder.census.gov/home/en/datanotes/exp_acs2004.html)
Never Married Married Separated Widowed Divorced
Total 27.8 53.8 2.1 6.1 10.2 White alone, not 23.8 57.3 1.5 6.7 10.7 Hispanic
AIAN alone 35.3 42.3 3.0 5.4 14.0 AIAN alone, not 35.2 42.2 3.0 5.6 14.0 Hispanic
AIAN alone or in 34.3 42.3 3.1 5.5 14.8 combination AIAN alone or in 33.6 42.6 3.1 5.7 15.0 combination, not Hispanic
AIAN and White 30.2 45.0 3.3 5.7 15.8
Note: Some percentages do not sum to 100.0 due to rounding. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2004 American Community Survey, Selected Population Profiles, S0201.
8 The American Community—American Indians and Alaska Natives: 2004 U.S. Census Bureau American Indian and Alaska Native women were more likely to have given birth in the past 12 months than non-Hispanic White women.
• American Indian and Alaska Figure 5. Native women had a higher fer- Fertility: 2004 tility rate than non-Hispanic (Of every 1,000 women aged 15 to 50, the number who had given birth in the White women.11 12 months preceding the survey, based on the race and Hispanic origin of the mother. Data based on sample limited to the household population and exclude the population • About 66 of every 1,000 living in institutions, college dormitories, and other group quarters. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and American Indian and Alaska definitions, see http://factfinder.census.gov/home/en/datanotes/exp_acs2004.html) Native women aged 15 to 50 Percent of had given birth in the 12 women with a months prior to being surveyed, birth in the compared with about 50 of past 12 months Births per 1,000 women in the who were every 1,000 non-Hispanic White past 12 months unmarried women aged 15 to 50.
Total 55.4 28.6 • About 46 percent of American White alone, not 50.3 20.5 Indian and Alaska Native moth- Hispanic ers who had given birth were unmarried, compared with AIAN alone 65.9 45.6 about 20 percent of non- AIAN alone, not Hispanic White mothers. 62.4 50.2 Hispanic 11 Of every 1,000 women aged 15 to 50, the number who had given birth in the 12 AIAN alone or in 57.7 46.1 months preceding the date of the survey, combination whether in 2003 or 2004. AIAN alone or in 55.6 49.3 combination, not Hispanic
AIAN and White 46.2 38.6
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2004 American Community Survey, Selected Population Profiles, S0201.
U.S. Census Bureau The American Community—American Indians and Alaska Natives: 2004 9 About two-thirds of American Indian and Alaska Native households were family households.
• About 68 percent of American • American Indian and Alaska • About 20 percent of American Indian and Alaska Native house- Native households (about Indian and Alaska Native house- holds and 66 percent of non- 41 percent) were less likely than holds were families maintained Hispanic White households were non-Hispanic White households by a woman with no husband family households.12 (about 54 percent) to be present, compared with about married-couple households. 9 percent of non-Hispanic White households.
• American Indian and Alaska 12 A household is a person or a group of to the householder. There are three types of Native households consisted of people who occupy a housing unit as their cur- family households in the survey data: married rent residence. A family household consists of couple, female householders with no husband 2.9 people on average, com- a householder and one or more people living present, and male householders with no wife pared with 2.5 people on aver- together in the same household who are relat- present. In addition, there are nonfamily ed to the householder by birth, marriage, or households, such as a person living alone or age for non-Hispanic White adoption. It may also include people unrelated with unrelated individuals. households.
Figure 6. Household Type: 2004 (Percent distribution. Household type is shown by the race and Hispanic origin of the householder. Data based on sample limited to the household population and exclude the population living in institutions, college dormitories, and other group quarters. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, see http://factfinder.census.gov/home/en/datanotes/exp_acs2004.html)
Family households Average household Female householder, Male householder, size Married couple no husband present no wife present Nonfamily households
Total 50.2 12.6 4.4 32.8 2.60 White alone, not 53.5 3.5 34.1 2.45 Hispanic 8.9
AIAN alone 40.5 20.4 7.3 31.8 2.85 AIAN alone, not 40.6 20.9 6.4 32.1 2.81 Hispanic
AIAN alone or in 40.1 19.1 6.2 34.6 2.68 combination AIAN alone or in 40.4 18.7 5.8 35.1 2.64 combination, not Hispanic
AIAN and White 42.7 15.1 5.0 37.2 2.49
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2004 American Community Survey, Selected Population Profiles, S0201, and Detailed Tables, B11001.
10 The American Community—American Indians and Alaska Natives: 2004 U.S. Census Bureau American Indians and Alaska Natives were more likely than non-Hispanic Whites to live with and care for grandchildren.
• About 7 percent of American older were grandparents living coresident grandchildren were Indians and Alaska Natives aged in the same household with also responsible for their care, 30 and older were grandparents their coresident grandchildren compared with about 45 percent living in the same household younger than 18. of non-Hispanic White grandpar- with their coresident grandchil- ents who lived with their coresi- dren younger than 18. In com- • About 58 percent of American dent grandchildren. parison, about 2 percent of non- Indian and Alaska Native grand- Hispanic Whites aged 30 and parents who lived with their
Figure 7. Responsibility for Grandchildren Under 18 Years: 2004 (Percent of people 30 and older. Data based on sample limited to the household population and exclude the population living in institutions, college dormitories, and other group quarters. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, see http://factfinder.census.gov/home/en/datanotes/exp_acs2004.html)
Percent with grandchildren in Percent of grandparents responsible for the household coresident grandchildren
Total 3.4 41.8 White alone, not 2.3 44.5 Hispanic
AIAN alone 7.1 58.0
AIAN alone, not 7.1 60.9 Hispanic
AIAN alone or in 5.9 57.6 combination AIAN alone or in 5.8 59.3 combination, not Hispanic
AIAN and White 4.0 51.2
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2004 American Community Survey, Selected Population Profiles, S0201.
U.S. Census Bureau The American Community—American Indians and Alaska Natives: 2004 11 A majority of American Indians and Alaska Natives spoke only English at home or spoke English very well.
• About 75 percent of American • About another 18 percent of Indians and Alaska Natives aged American Indians and Alaska 5 and older spoke only English Natives spoke a language other at home, compared with about than English at home and spoke 94 percent of non-Hispanic English very well, compared Whites aged 5 and older. with about 4 percent of non- Hispanic Whites.
Figure 8. Language Spoken at Home and English-Speaking Ability: 2004 (Percent distribution of population 5 and older. Data based on sample limited to the household population and exclude the population living in institutions, college dormitories, and other group quarters. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, see http://factfinder.census.gov/home/en/datanotes/exp_acs2004.html)
Non-English at home, Non-English at home, English spoken English spoken less than Only English at home "very well" "very well"
Total 81.3 10.3 8.4 White alone, not 94.3 3.9 1.8 Hispanic
AIAN alone 75.3 18.0 6.7 AIAN alone, not 80.3 15.8 3.9 Hispanic
AIAN alone or in 82.1 13.2 4.7 combination AIAN alone or in 86.8 10.6 2.6 combination, not Hispanic
AIAN and White 91.0 6.9 2.1
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2004 American Community Survey, Selected Population Profiles, S0201.
12 The American Community—American Indians and Alaska Natives: 2004 U.S. Census Bureau About three-fourths of American Indians and Alaska Natives were high school graduates.
• About 77 percent of American • Among non-Hispanic Whites aged Indians and Alaska Natives aged 25 and older, about 89 percent 25 and older were high school were high school graduates and graduates and about 14 percent about 30 percent had a bache- had a bachelor’s degree or more lor’s degree or more education. education.
Figure 9. Educational Attainment: 2004 (Percent of population 25 and older. Data based on sample limited to the household population and exclude the population living in institutions, college dormitories, and other group quarters. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, see http://factfinder.census.gov/home/en/datanotes/exp_acs2004.html)
Bachelor's degree Less than high school High school graduate or more or more
Total 16.1 83.9 27.0 White alone, not 11.4 88.6 29.7 Hispanic
AIAN alone 23.4 76.6 14.2 AIAN alone, not 21.6 78.4 15.1 Hispanic
AIAN alone or in 20.8 79.2 16.3 combination AIAN alone or in 19.6 80.4 16.8 combination, not Hispanic
AIAN and White 18.7 81.3 17.3
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2004 American Community Survey, Selected Population Profiles, S0201.
U.S. Census Bureau The American Community—American Indians and Alaska Natives: 2004 13 American Indians and Alaska Natives worked in a variety of occupations.
• About 25 percent of civilian • American Indian and Alaska • In comparison, the proportion of employed American Indians and Native workers were also non-Hispanic White workers Alaska Natives aged 16 and employed in a variety of other aged 16 and older in these older worked in management, occupations, including about occupations was about 14 per- professional, and related occu- 22 percent in service occupa- cent in service occupations; pations, compared with about tions; about 15 percent in con- about 10 percent in construc- 38 percent of civilian employed struction, extraction, and main- tion, extraction, and mainte- non-Hispanic Whites aged 16 tenance occupations; and about nance occupations; and about and older. About 23 percent of another 15 percent in produc- 12 percent in production, trans- American Indian and Alaska tion, transportation, and materi- portation, and material moving Native workers worked in sales al moving occupations.13 occupations. and office occupations, com- pared with about 27 percent of 13 The proportion of American Indian and Alaska Native workers in sales and office non-Hispanic White workers. occupations was not significantly different from the proportion in service occupations.
Figure 10. Occupation: 2004 (Percent distribution of civilian employed population 16 and older. Data based on sample limited to the household population and exclude the population living in institutions, college dormitories, and other group quarters. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, see http://factfinder.census.gov/home/en/datanotes/exp_acs2004.html)
Farming, Production, Management, fishing, and Construction, transportation, professional, and Service Sales and office forestry extraction, and and material related occupations occupations occupations occupations maintenance moving
Total 34.1 16.2 26.2 0.7 9.8 13.1 White alone, not 13.7 9.6 Hispanic 37.6 26.9 0.5 11.7
AIAN alone 25.4 21.5 23.3 0.7 14.6 14.5 AIAN alone, not 27.2 0.6 Hispanic 21.1 22.9 14.3 13.9
AIAN alone or in combination 27.1 20.3 24.7 0.7 12.8 14.5 AIAN alone or in 28.3 19.8 24.2 0.6 12.7 14.4 combination, not Hispanic
AIAN and White 28.2 18.6 25.8 0.9 11.3 15.3
Note: Some percentages do not sum to 100.0 due to rounding. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2004 American Community Survey, Selected Population Profiles, S0201.
14 The American Community—American Indians and Alaska Natives: 2004 U.S. Census Bureau The median income of American Indian and Alaska Native households was less than that of non-Hispanic White households.14
• The median income of American Figure 11. Indian and Alaska Native house- Median Household Income: 2004 holds in the 12 months prior to (Household income in the past 12 months in 2004 inflation-adjusted dollars. Housing being surveyed was about units are classified by the race and Hispanic origin of the householder. Data based $31,600. This was about on sample limited to the household population and exclude the population living in institutions, college dormitories, and other group quarters. For information on $17,000 less than the median confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, income of non-Hispanic White see http://factfinder.census.gov/home/en/datanotes/exp_acs2004.html) households (about $48,800).
14 Total $44,684 Data reflect the median income of households in the 12 months prior to being White alone, not $48,784 surveyed. Income is expressed in 2004 Hispanic inflation-adjusted dollars. It is based on the distribution of the total number of house- holds and includes those with no income. Households are classified by the race and AIAN alone $31,605 Hispanic origin of the householder. AIAN alone, not $30,818 Hispanic
AIAN alone or in $32,997 combination AIAN alone or in $32,500 combination, not Hispanic
AIAN and White $35,520
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2004 American Community Survey, Selected Population Profiles, S0201.
U.S. Census Bureau The American Community—American Indians and Alaska Natives: 2004 15 The poverty rate was higher for American Indians and Alaska Natives than for non-Hispanic Whites.15
• About 25 percent of American 9 percent of non-Hispanic 18). About 31 percent of Indians and Alaska Natives were Whites. American Indian and Alaska living below the poverty level in Native children and about • The poverty rate was generally the 12 months prior to being 11 percent of non-Hispanic higher for children (under age surveyed, compared with about White children lived in poverty.
• Among those aged 65 and older, 15 In accordance with the U.S. Office of preceding the ACS interview was $14,974. Management and Budget’s (OMB) Statistical Poverty status was determined for all individ- American Indians and Alaska Policy Directive 14, the Census Bureau uses uals except for unrelated individuals under Natives had a poverty rate of a set of money income thresholds that vary 15 years old. The official poverty definition by family size and composition to determine uses money income before taxes and does about 20 percent, compared who is in poverty. If a family’s total income is not include capital gains or noncash benefits. with about 7 percent for non- less than the threshold for the family, then For more information on poverty in the ACS, that family and every individual in it are con- see
Figure 12. Poverty Rate by Age Group: 2004 (Percent of specific group in poverty in the past 12 months. Data based on sample limited to the household population and exclude the population living in institutions, college dormitories, and other group quarters. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, see http://factfinder.census.gov/home/en/datanotes/exp_acs2004.html)
All ages Under 18 65 and older
Total 13.1 18.4 9.4 White alone, not 8.8 11.0 7.2 Hispanic
AIAN alone 24.6 30.7 20.2 AIAN alone, not 25.1 31.6 19.7 Hispanic
AIAN alone or in 27.7 17.2 combination 22.2 AIAN alone or in 22.2 27.8 16.7 combination, not Hispanic
AIAN and White 18.1 22.1 13.6
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2004 American Community Survey, Selected Population Profiles, S0201.
16 The American Community—American Indians and Alaska Natives: 2004 U.S. Census Bureau More than one-half of American Indian and Alaska Native households lived in owner-occupied homes.
• A majority of American Indian • About 44 percent of American and Alaska Native households Indian and Alaska Native house- (about 56 percent) lived in holds lived in renter-occupied owner-occupied homes. In com- homes, compared with about parison, about 74 percent of 26 percent of non-Hispanic non-Hispanic White households White households. lived in owner-occupied homes.
Figure 13. Housing Tenure: 2004 (Percent of occupied housing units. Housing tenure is shown by the race and Hispanic origin of the householder. Data based on sample limited to the household population and exclude the population living in institutions, college dormitories, and other group quarters. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, see http://factfinder.census.gov/home/en/datanotes/exp_acs2004.html)
Owners Renters
Total 67.1 32.9 White alone, not 73.9 26.1 Hispanic
AIAN alone 55.5 44.5 AIAN alone, not 56.8 43.2 Hispanic
AIAN alone or in 56.4 43.6 combination AIAN alone or in 57.5 42.5 combination, not Hispanic
AIAN and White 60.8 39.2
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2004 American Community Survey, Selected Population Profiles, S0201.
U.S. Census Bureau The American Community—American Indians and Alaska Natives: 2004 17 The median value of owner-occupied homes for American Indians and Alaska Natives was about $95,000.
• The median value of American • The median monthly rental pay- Indian and Alaska Native owner- ment of American Indian and occupied homes was about Alaska Native households in $95,000, compared with a medi- renter-occupied homes was an value of about $154,000 for about $597. In comparison, the non-Hispanic White owner- median monthly rental payment occupied homes.16 made by non-Hispanic White households was about $693.17
16 Differences between the geographic 17 The monthly rental payment represents distribution of American Indians and Alaska gross rent (i.e., the amount of the contract Natives and non-Hispanic Whites may affect rent plus the estimated average monthly home values and rental costs. cost of utilities and fuels).
Figure 14. Selected Housing Characteristics: 2004 (Housing units are classified by the race and Hispanic origin of the householder. Data based on sample limited to the household population and exclude the population living in institutions, college dormitories, and other group quarters. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, see http://factfinder.census.gov/home/en/datanotes/exp_acs2004.html)
Median gross rent of Median value of owner-occupied housing units renter-occupied housing units
Total $151,366 $694 White alone, not $153,693 $693 Hispanic
AIAN alone $95,454 $597 AIAN alone, not $92,753 $585 Hispanic
AIAN alone or in $108,818 $622 combination AIAN alone or in $106,132 $608 combination, not Hispanic
AIAN and White $120,439 $627
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2004 American Community Survey, Selected Population Profiles, S0201.
18 The American Community—American Indians and Alaska Natives: 2004 U.S. Census Bureau American Indian and Alaska Native workers were more likely than non-Hispanic White workers to carpool to work.
• In 2004, about 71 percent of • Among non-Hispanic White • The mean travel time to work American Indian and Alaska workers aged 16 and older, was similar for American Indian Native workers aged 16 and about 81 percent drove alone and Alaska Native workers and older drove alone and about and about 8 percent carpooled non-Hispanic White workers 16 percent carpooled to work.18 to work. (about 24 minutes).
18 Differences between the geographic distribution of American Indians and Alaska Natives and non-Hispanic Whites may affect commuting patterns.
Figure 15. Commuting to Work: 2004 (Percent of workers 16 and older. Data based on sample limited to the household population and exclude the population living in institutions, college dormitories, and other group quarters. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, see http://factfinder.census.gov/home/en/datanotes/exp_acs2004.html) Mean Carpooled: Public travel Drove alone: car, truck, transportation, Other Worked time car, truck, or van or van except taxicab Walked means at home (mins.)
Total 77.7 10.1 4.6 2.4 1.4 3.8 24.7 White alone, not 81.1 8.3 2.6 2.2 1.3 4.4 23.9 Hispanic
AIAN alone 71.2 15.7 3.4 4.3 2.1 3.2 23.9 AIAN alone, not 72.3 14.6 3.0 4.6 2.1 3.5 24.0 Hispanic
AIAN alone or in 72.1 14.5 3.6 3.9 2.1 3.8 24.0 combination AIAN alone or in 73.1 13.8 3.2 4.0 2.1 3.9 23.9 combination, not Hispanic
AIAN and White 75.5 12.7 2.6 3.2 2.1 4.0 23.7
Note: Some percentages do not sum to 100.0 due to rounding. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2004 American Community Survey, Selected Population Profiles, S0201.
U.S. Census Bureau The American Community—American Indians and Alaska Natives: 2004 19 SOURCE OF THE DATA In addition to sampling error, other prescribed confidence that the inter- AND ACCURACY OF types of errors, specifically, non- val includes the average result of all THE ESTIMATES sampling errors, may be intro- possible samples. All comparison statements in this ACS 2004 report The findings presented in this duced during any of the operations have undergone statistical testing, report are based on the ACS sam- used to collect and process survey and comparisons are significant at ple interviewed in 2004. The data data. For example, operations such the 90-percent confidence level in this report are based on the as editing, reviewing, or keying unless otherwise noted. population living in households data from questionnaires may introduce error into the estimates. that were included in the ACS sam- FOR MORE INFORMATION ple. The 2004 ACS did not collect Nonsampling errors may affect the information from people living in data in two ways. Errors that are Further information from the 2004 group quarters, which include cor- introduced randomly increase the ACS is available from the American rectional facilities, hospitals, col- variability of the data. Systematic FactFinder on the Census Bureau’s Web site. More than 1,000 tables lege dormitories, group homes, errors that are consistent in one are available, including population and overnight shelters. direction introduce bias into the results of a sample survey. The profiles for race, Hispanic-origin, The 2004 ACS used a two-stage Census Bureau protects against the and ancestry groups. The Internet stratified sample of approximately effect of systematic errors on sur- address is 838,000 housing units and the vey estimates by conducting
20 The American Community—American Indians and Alaska Natives: 2004 U.S. Census Bureau