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Observatorio De Justicia Transicional Nº 5 - Mayo 2013

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Observatorio De Justicia Transicional Nº 5 - Mayo 2013 Observatorio de Justicia Transicional Nº 5 - Mayo 2013 Corte Penal internacional (CPI) ISRAEL – TURQUÍA: La CPI inicia el examen preliminar del asalto israelí a una flotilla de ayuda humanitaria en el 2010 Fatou Bensouda, fiscal jefe de la CPI declara que la Corte llevará a cabo un examen preliminar del ataque israelí a la flotilla de ayuda humanitaria para la Franja de Gaza en la que murieron nueve civiles que viajaban en un buque turco. El estudio se llevará a cabo a solicitud de la Unión de Comoras. Bensouda deberá decidir si se reúnen los requisitos necesarios para abrir la investigación. (BBC, 14/05/13, Jurist, 15/05/13 y Hirondelle News, 17/05/13) UNIÓN AFRICANA: La UA acusa a la CPI de “cazar” africanos La Unión Africana (UA) ha acusado a la CPI de “cazar” africanos debido a su raza. Hailemariam Desalegn, primer ministro de Etiopía, ha declarado que la UA se opone a que la Corte juzgue al presidente Uhuru Kenyatta, acusado de crímenes contra la humanidad, y va a plantear su malestar a la ONU. Kenyatta, que fue electo en las recientes elecciones celebradas en el país en marzo, debe ser juzgado en julio pero niega los cargos que se le imputan. Por otra parte, los ministros de Exteriores de toda África deciden pedir al Consejo de Seguridad de la ONU que los líderes kenyanos acusados de incitar a la violencia tras las elecciones del 2007 sean juzgados en su país de origen y no en la CPI. La decisión parte del informe presentado por la Comisión de la Verdad, la Justicia y la Reconciliación que relaciona a líderes kenyanos con la violencia. (Jurist, 12, 24/05/13 y BBC, 03, 27/05/13) Tribunales Penales Internacionales Ad Hoc BALCANES: 20º aniversario de la creación del Tribunal Penal Internacional para la ex Yugoslavia El Consejo de Seguridad de la ONU conmemora el vigésimo aniversario de la creación del Tribunal Penal Internacional para la ex Yugoslavia (ICTY, por sus siglas en inglés). El 25 de mayo de 1993, la ONU aprobó la Resolución 827, según la cual se creó el ICTY como medida provisional para procesar a las personas responsables de graves violaciones del derecho internacional humanitario, ante las continuas denuncias de flagrantes y extendidas violaciones de derechos humanos cometidas en el territorio de la ex Yugoslavia. Por otra parte, el Tribunal de Bosnia y Herzegovina para Crímenes de Guerra absuelve al ex primer ministro serbobosnio, Gojko Klickovic, de crímenes de guerra. Klickovic y otro funcionario serbiobosnio, Mladen Drljaca, estaban siendo juzgados por segunda vez acusados de haber ordenado el ataque en el que perdieron la vida varios civiles y haber encarcelado arbitrariamente a varias personas durante la guerra que tuvo lugar en Bosnia entre 1992 y 1995. El juez Dragomir Vukoje dictamina que la fiscalía no ha podido demostrar que existe una relación directa entre los acusados y los hechos en cuestión. Los acusados fueron absueltos en noviembre de 2010 pero la sala de apelaciones ordenó que se celebrase un nuevo juicio en mayo de 2012. Este último veredicto es irrevocable. (Jurist, 08, 26/05/13) BANGLADESH – REINO UNIDO: El Tribunal para Crímenes de Guerra de Bangladesh imputa a un ex líder musulmán del Reino Unido El Tribunal para Crímenes de Guerra de Bangladesh acusa a Chowdhury Mueen-Uddin, líder musulmán del Reino Unido nacido en Bangladesh, de crímenes contra la humanidad y genocidio por su supuesta participación en el asesinato de intelectuales durante la guerra de liberación que tuvo lugar en el país en 1971. Se sospecha que Mueen-Uddin ha sido miembro del grupo islamista Al-Badr, responsable de identificar y asesinar a Observatorio de Justicia Transicional Nº 5 - Mayo 2013 independentistas. El ciudadano norteamericano Ashrafuzzaman Khan, también supuesto miembro de Al-Badr, está acusado de los mismos cargos. Ambos podrían enfrentar la pena capital por sus crímenes, pero la legislación británica no permite extraditar a nadie que corra ese riesgo. Por otra parte, Muhammad Kamaruzzaman, destacado líder del partido de la oposición de Bangladesh, Jamaat-e-Islami, es condenado a muerte por el Tribunal para Crímenes de Guerra del país tras ser hallado culpable de torturas y asesinatos cometidos durante la guerra de independencia que tuvo lugar en 1971. El acusado ha negado los cargos que se le imputan y recurrirá la sentencia. Jamaat-e-Islami declara que el Gobierno está utilizando los juicios para frenar las actividades de la oposición con vistas a las elecciones que se celebrarán el año próximo. Entre tanto, las organizaciones de derechos humanos denuncian que el Tribunal no cumple con la normativa internacional. (Jurist 03, 12/05/13 y BBC, 09/05/13) Justicia Ordinaria y Sistemas Tradicionales de Justicia ALEMANIA: Ex guarda del campo de concentración de Auschwitz es arrestado en el sur de Alemania Hans Lipschis se encuentra detenido en Aalen tras la conclusión por parte de la fiscalía de que existen pruebas fehacientes de que el acusado estuvo implicado en asesinatos. Lipschis reconoce haber trabajado en el campo Waffen SS, en la Polonia ocupada, pero alega que no ocupó ningún cargo de responsabilidad en el campo. En abril de este año, el Centro Simon Wiesenthal le citó como número cuatro en la lista de los nazis más buscados. La organización le acusa de haber participado en asesinatos masivos y en la persecución de civiles inocentes, principalmente judíos, entre 1941 y 1945. (BBC, Europa Press y El País, 06/05/13) ARGENTINA: Fallece el ex dictador argentino Jorge Rafael Videla El ex dictador argentino Jorge Rafael Videla fallece el 17 de mayo de muerte natural a los 87 años de edad. La muerte del ex dictador se produjo en el centro penitenciario de Marcos Paz, en el que cumplía cadena perpetua por crímenes contra la humanidad. Videla había llegado al poder tras el golpe de Estado de 1976 y durante su mandato Argentina sufrió la dictadura más sangrienta de la historia del país. Pablo Ouviña, representante del Ministerio Público Fiscal en la causa del "Plan Cóndor”, ha declarado que las entrevistas concedidas por Videla podrían ser utilizadas en el juicio sobre los delitos cometidos en el marco del llamado "Plan Cóndor" coordinado por los regímenes militares del Cono Sur americano. Por otra parte, el coronel Alberto Julio Candiotti, buscado por los crímenes cometidos durante la llamada “Guerra Sucia” que asoló el país entre 1976 y 1983, ha sido arrestado en Montevideo, Uruguay, por la Policía Nacional del Uruguay. Las autoridades no están seguras de si Candiotti se filtró al país o de si falsificó documentos para ser admitido al mismo. (Jurist, 26/05/13; Europa Press, 15, 17/05/13, BBC, 17/05/13; El País, BBC, 18/05/13) COLOMBIA: 30 años de prisión a ex congresista por masacre de Antioquia La Corte Suprema de Justicia ha condenado a 30 años de prisión al ex congresista del departamento de Antioquia, César Pérez García, por la masacre de Segovia, ocurrida el 11 de noviembre de 1988 en la que fueron asesinadas 43 personas y más de 40 fueron heridas durante un ataque perpetrado por el grupo Muerte a Revolucionarios del Nordeste, un grupo paramilitar liderado por Fidel Castaño, con el objeto de eliminar a los militantes de la Unión Patriótica que habían ganado las elecciones de marzo de 1988. (Europa Press, 15/05/13) Observatorio de Justicia Transicional Nº 5 - Mayo 2013 EGIPTO: Mubarak comparece nuevamente ante un tribunal por complicidad en asesinato El ex presidente de Egipto, Hosni Mubarak, comparece ante un tribunal para ser juzgado de nuevo por complicidad en el asesinato de más de 800 personas en 2012. Un juez egipcio revocó la condena a cadena perpetua de Mubarak en enero de este año y solicitó la repetición del juicio. La próxima vista tendrá lugar el día 8 de junio. Mubarak deberá permanecer en prisión durante el tiempo que dure la investigación por casos de corrupción, pese a haber cumplido el máximo estatutario de dos años bajo detención provisional. (Jurist, BBC, 11/05/13) ESPAÑA – ARGENTINA: El Gobierno español impide a las víctimas del franquismo declarar ante una juez argentina María Servini de Cubría, la juez argentina en cuyas manos cayó la querella por los crímenes del franquismo tras el procesamiento de Baltasar Garzón, se encontraba a la espera de los tres primeros testimonios de las víctimas en Buenos Aires. Éstos eran Merçona Puig Antich, hermana de Salvador Puig Antich, ejecutado a garrote vil el 2 de marzo de 1974; Fausto Canales, cuyo padre y también un tío, fueron fusilados, enterrados en una fosa común y en 1959 trasladados sin que ningún miembro de la familia lo autorizara, al Valle de los Caídos; y Pablo Mayoral, miembro del ex FRAP que sobrevivió las últimas ejecuciones del franquismo. Estos tres testimonios se personaron en el consulado argentino de Madrid para transmitir su historia. Pero una hora y media más tarde, les comunicaron que las videoconferencias con la juez se habían suspendido. La razón: el Gobierno español había manifestado su malestar por el procedimiento y paralizado las declaraciones. (El País, 09/05/13) GUATEMALA: El máximo órgano judicial de Guatemala anula la condena de Ríos Montt por genocidio y crímenes contra la humanidad El Tribunal Constitucional dictamina que el juicio a Ríos Montt debe repetirse a partir del punto en que se encontraba el 19 de abril. Sin embargo, los tres magistrados del Tribunal de Mayor Riesgo se han negado a reabrir el caso, a pesar de la orden emitida en este sentido por la Sala Primera de Apelaciones. El 10 de mayo, Efraín Ríos Montt, ex dictador de Guatemala, fue hallado culpable del genocidio, torturas y violación sexual de 1.771 indios mayas de la etnia ixil durante su mandato de 1982 a 1983 y le condenó a 80 años de cárcel.
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