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Natural Disturbance and Post-Disturbance Management VOLUME 13 NUMBER 3 A Publication of FORREX Forum for Research and Extension in Natural Resources Journal of Ecosystems and Management Table of Contents VOLUME 13, NUMBER 3, 2012 Editor-in-Chief’s Report Don Gayton . 4 Managing Editor’s Report Marilyn Bittman . 5 News Projecting future distributions of ecosystem climate niches in British Columbia Tongi Wang . 7 A Coordinated Approach to Prescribed Fire Treatments in British Columbia’s Ecosystems Glen Orkainetz & Al Neal . 10 Okanagan Invitation Drought Tournament, November 2012 Suzan Lapp . 13 Research Reports Impact of Biological Control on Two Knapweed Species in British Columbia Don Gayton & Val Miller. 16 2010 Silviculture Techniques Information Needs Survey Al Wiensczyk . 30 Extension Note Forage Production Potential in a Ponderosa Pine Stand: Effects of Tree Spacing on Understorey Plants after 45 Years Percy Folkard, Lauchlan H. Fraser, Cameron N. Carlyle, & Rick Tucker . 58 Discussion Papers A Summary of Extraction, Synthesis, Properties, and Potential Uses of Juglone: A Literature Review Maryon Strugstad & Saško Despotovski. 72 Analysis of Ancient Western Redcedar Stands in the Upper Fraser River Watershed and Scenarios for Protection Darwyn S. Coxson, Trevor Goward, & David J. Connell. 88 JEM Vol 13, No 3 JOURNAL OF Ecosystems & Management Book Review The 9 Habits of Highly Effective Resource Economies: Lessons for Canada by Canadian International Council Don Gayton . 108 Submission Guidelines . 110 Subscription Information . 112 About the Cover Photograph An aerial view of the snow covered Highland Valley Cooper open-pit mine near Kamloops, BC. Photo credit: Sa ško Despotovski 2 JEM Vol 13, No 3 JOURNAL OF Ecosystems & Management About the Journal he Journal of Ecosystems and Management (JEM) is a peer-reviewed electronic and print journal published by FORREX Forum for Research and Extension in Natural TResources. Articles in JEM inform readers about innovative approaches to sustain- able ecosystem management. Aimed at decision makers in the policy, management, and operational realms, as well as practitioners, professionals, researchers, and natural re- source users, JEM extends research results, management applications, socio-economic analyses, scholarly opinions, and operational and Indigenous knowledge. JEM Perspectives are reviewed by one extension specialist; Extension Notes, Discussion Papers, and Re- search Reports are reviewed by one extension specialist and two external peer reviewers from the natural resource community. Articles first appear in the online “Issue-in- Progress”; when online issues are full, articles are compiled into print issues (available by subscription). Submission Guidelines for authors are included at the back of this issue. To obtain subscription information and to view current and archived issues of JEM, see our website at http://jem.forrex.org . About the Publisher Forrex is a charitable organization focussed on promoting, supporting, and facilitating co-operative extension, technology development, and research ventures to support inno- vative and adaptive approaches to sustainable natural resource management. For more information, contact us at: Suite 400, 235–1st Avenue, Kamloops, BC V2C 3J4 Tel: 250.371.3746 / Fax: 250.371.3997 Email: [email protected] / Website: http://www.forrex.org EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Don Gayton MANAGING EDITOR Marilyn Bittman REVIEW COMMITTEE Saško Despotovski, Don Gayton, Rod Negrave PRODUCTION TEAM Marilyn Bittman (co-ordination, cross-checking, editing), Veronica Bonifacio (cross-checking and editing), Susan Bannerman (editing), Hayley Jones (editing), Brian Hydesmith (design and layout). © 2012, FORREX Forum for Research and Extension in Natural Resources Society, Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada. Copyright in individual contributions in this publication belongs to the respective copyright owners in such contributions. ISSN 1488-4666. Articles or contributions in this publication may be reproduced in electronic or print form for use free of charge to the recipient in educational, training, and not-for-profit activities provided that their source and authorship are fully acknowledged. However, reproduction, adaptation, translation, application to other forms or media, or any other use of these works, in whole or in part, for commercial use, resale, or redistribution, requires the written consent of FORREX Forum for Research and Extension in Natural Resources Society and of all contributing copyright owners. This publication and the articles and contributions herein may not be made accessible to the public over the Internet without the written consent of FORREX. For consents, contact: Managing Editor, FORREX, Suite 400, 235 1st Avenue, Kamloops, BC V2C 3J4, or email 3 [email protected] . While this is a peer-reviewed publication, the information and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the respective authors and FORREX does not warrant their accu- racy or reliability, and expressly disclaims any liability in relation thereto. JEM Vol 13, No 3 JOURNAL OF Ecosystems & Management Editor-in-Chief’s Report Editor-in- Chief’s Report Don Gayton ne of the great challenges of writing—and editing—a scientific paper is finding the right balance between methods and results. These two elements are the inter- Otwined Yin and Yang of communicating science. Each depends on the other. An overly brief and sketchy methods section throws doubt on the validity of the results. At the other extreme, too much technical detail and discipline-specific jargon in the methods section will drive readers away before they get to the results. Certainly other parts of an article are important, but methods and results stand at the very core of the document. They must each be carefully weighted with reference to each other, so the article finds the sweet spot between detail and readability. I wish there was a magic formula for achieving this balance, but the world of science and science writing is far too complex for a cookbook formula to be of any use. The other key element of a scientific paper is its figures—graphs, tables, maps, and photos. With the advent of digital publishing, photos, and maps have suddenly come alive, with full colour photos, slick overlays and high-resolution satellite imagery. But for me, the essence of a scientific paper is the graph. One good graph is worth a thousand words. In fact, the human brain seems to embrace visual information much more firmly than the same information conveyed verbally. I am a great fan of Edward Tufte, who has been described as “the Galileo of scientific graph- ics.” In his book The Visual Display of Quantitative Information (www.edwardtufte.com) he urges us to look closely at how we present our graphs and to get rid of extraneous and dis- tracting “chartjunk.” Tufte’s books are full of examples of truly excellent (and truly terrible) graphs, reaching back into history and forward to the present day. Tufte is surely the poet of the graph. The writer of the scientific journal article has an enormous challenge. He or she must synthesize months, years, or even decades worth of work into a comprehensive, well-ref- erenced, and highly condensed article and then submit to the often humiliating rigors of peer review. If the paper is co-authored, and most are nowadays, then the complexity in- creases yet again. Often in the protracted process of getting an article published, the ul- timate target of that paper—the reader—gets ignored. So this is your Editor’s plea for great writing and great graphs, along with great science. 4 JEM Editor-in-Chief’s Report Vol 13, No 3 Journal of Ecosystems and Management 13(3):4. Published by FORREX Forum for Research and Extention in Natural Resources. JOURNAL OF Ecosystems & http://jem.forrex.org/index.php/jem/article/view/567/482 Management Managing Editor’s Report Managing Editor’s Report Marilyn Bittman olume 13.3 of the Journal of Ecosystems and Management offers readers an eclectic collection of articles from invasive weed species to the information needs of silvi- Vculture practitioners and researchers, to the effects of tree spacing over time, to a literature review on the juglone, as well as the protection of ancient western redcedar stands. JEM also offers readers a collection of “News” articles: Tongli Wang looks at the distribution of ecosystem climate niches in British Columbia, Glen Okrainetz and Al Neal bring to our attention prescribed fire treatment, and finally, Suzan Lapp describes how teams were first brought together in Saskatchewan in a tournament to address drought issues. The tournament has become a popular event and has since been held in Alberta and British Columbia, with plans well underway for 2013. The first article is a research report by Don Gayton and Val Miller, “Impact of Biolog- ical Control on Two Knapweed Species in British Columbia.” The authors examine two types of knapweed species – diffuse and spotted – on numerous rangeland sites and how biological control has been used to successfully control this invasive species. They also offer explanations as to why certain biocontrol agents have been successful. Al Wiensczyk’s “2010 Silviculture Techniques Information Needs Survey” provides valuable information to BC natural resource management professionals on silvicultural systems and stand management techniques. The purpose of this FORREX generated elec- tronic survey was to help pinpoint the main knowledge gaps within silviculture. Survey respondents identified numerous knowledge gaps and also identified
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