Rhode!Island!
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! ! ! ! ! ! ‘We!have!to!fix!that’:!! Documenting!and!assessing!problems!with!the!! 2012!Rhode!Island!general!election! ! ! ! By!John!Marion! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Prepared!by!the!Common!Cause!Education!Fund!for!presentation!to!the!House! Committee!on!Oversight,!February!7,!2013.! About!the!Common!Cause!Education!Fund! The!Common!Cause!Education!Fund!is!the!research!and!public!education!affiliate!of! Common!Cause,!a!nonEpartisan,!nonEprofit!advocacy!organization!founded!in!1970! by!John!Gardner!as!a!vehicle!for!citizens!to!make!their!voices!heard!in!the!political! process!and!to!hold!their!elected!leaders!accountable!to!the!public!interest.!With!a! 40!+!year!track!record,!chapters!in!35!states,!and!nearly!400,000!members!and! supporters!across!the!country,!Common!Cause!is!one!of!the!nation’s!oldest,!largest! and!most!effective!grassroots!advocacy!organizations!dedicated!to!reforming! government!and!strengthening!democracy!in!America.!Together,!Common!Cause! and!the!Common!Cause!Education!Fund!work!to!promote!representative!democracy! by!ensuring!open,!ethical,!accountable,!effective!government!processes!at!the!local,! state!and!national!level!by!educating!and!mobilizing!the!citizens!of!Rhode!Island!and! the!nation.! ! ! Acknowledgements! ! This!report!could!not!have!been!possible!without!the!assistance!of!many!people.! First!among!them!is!Caroline!Dean!who!coordinated!volunteer!efforts!before!and!on! Election!Day.!!Additionally,!the!dozens!of!individuals!who!braved!the!cold!and!dark! to!document!what!occurred!on!November!6th,!2012,!some!of!whom!are!mentioned! by!name!in!this!report.!!Finally,!we!would!like!to!acknowledge!the!timely!and! courteous!assistance!members!of!the!staff!of!Rhode!Island!Secretary!of!State!A.! Ralph!Mollis,!including!Chris!Barnett!and!Rob!Rock.!!Any!errors!contained!in!this! report!are!solely!the!responsibility!of!the!author.!!! ! ! Table!of!Contents! ! Introduction! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !1! ! Recent!changes!to!Rhode!Island!election!law!! ! !2! ! What!happened!on!November!6th!in!Rhode!Island! ! !4! ! Case!Study!#1:!Ballot!handling! ! ! ! !7! ! Case!Study!#2:!Juanita!Sanchez!Complex! ! ! !8! ! Why!the!long!lines?! ! ! ! ! ! ! 11! ! Nature!of!the!2012!election! ! ! ! ! 11! ! Statutory!changes! ! ! ! ! ! 12! ! Election!administration!problems! ! ! ! 14! ! Other!factors! ! ! ! ! ! ! 17! ! Possible!solutions! ! ! ! ! ! ! 17! ! Conclusions! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 19! ! Appendices! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 21! ! ! ‘We$have$to$fix$that’$ $ Common$Cause$Education$Fund$ ! I. Introduction+ ! On!the!evening!of!November!6th,!2012,!during!his!acceptance!speech!in! Chicago,!President!Barack!Obama!expressed!his!gratitude!to!voters,!“whether! you!voted!for!the!first!time,!or!waited!in!line!for!a!very!long!time.”!!He!then! quickly!added,!“by!the!way!we!have!to!fix!that.”1!The!president’s!adJlib!got!a! rousing!ovation.!!People!recognize!that!long!lines!are!anathema!to!a!truly! democratic!system!of!elections.! ! Common!Cause!Rhode!Island!believes!that!long!lines,!as!some!voters! experienced!in!Rhode!Island!on!November!6th,!should!not!be!tolerated.!! When!voters!are!forced!to!wait,!they!are!potentially!being!disenfranchised.2!! As!one!Common!Cause!Rhode!Island!volunteer!observer!wrote!about!the! Juanita!Sanchez!Complex:! ! By!the!mid![day]Jshift!I!noticed!a!rather!extensive!line!start!to! form!(nearly!out!the!door!by!the!dinner!hour).!By!the!evening! shift! people! were! waiting! up! to! 3! hours! just! to! vote.! I! have! never!experienced!anything!like!it.!I!had!many!people!express! deep!frustration!about!the!situation!and!many!of!these!people! didn't!have!the!time!to!wait!in!line!for!3!hours,!and!instead!just! decided!not!to!vote.3 As!a!democracy!we!expect!individuals!to!exercise!their!right!to!vote.!! However,!the!government!should!not!put!an!undue!burden!on!voters!as!they! try!and!exercise!that!right.!!As!this!report!will!demonstrate,!in!some! situations!in!2012!the!State!of!Rhode!Island!and!its!municipalities!did!exactly! that.!!! ! The!history!of!the!State!of!Rhode!Island,!and!the!United!States!more! generally,!demonstrates!a!lengthy!expansion!of!access!to!the!ballot!box.!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 1!Dan!Froomkin,!Obama$on$Long$Lines$at$the$Polls:$‘We$Have$To$Fix$That,’! Huffington!Post,!Nov.!7,!2012,!available$at$ http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/11/07/obamaJlongJlinesJ polls_n_2086291.html! 2!Scott!Powers!and!David!Damron,!Analysis:$201,000$in$Florida$Didn’t$Vote$ Because$of$Long$Lines.!Orlando!Sentinel,!Jan.!29,!2013,!available$at$ http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/2013J01J29/business/osJvoterJlinesJ statewideJ20130118_1_longJlinesJsentinelJanalysisJstateJkenJdetzner;! Benjamin!Highton,.!Long$Lines,$Voting$Machine$Availability,$and$Turnout:$The$ Case$of$Franklin$County$,$Ohio$in$the$2004$Presidential$Election!39!PS:!Pol.!Sci.! and!Pols.!65!(2006).! 3!Interview,!Keela!Potter,!Common!Cause!Rhode!Island!volunteer,!!Feb.!3,! 2013!(on!file!with!author).! ! 1! ‘We$have$to$fix$that’$ $ Common$Cause$Education$Fund$ ! • In!Rhode!Island,!an!armed!insurrection!known!as!the!Dorr!War,!that! occurred!in!the!1840s!was!partially!motivated!by!the!desire!to! eliminate!the!monetary!requirement!for!voting.4!!! • The!U.S.!Civil!War!resulting!in!the!13th!and!14th!Amendment!to!the!U.S.! Constitution.!!! • The!populist!movement!resulting!in!the!direct!election!of!U.S.!Senators! in!the!17th!Amendment.! • The!suffragette!movement!resulting!in!the!extension!of!voting!rights! to!women!in!the!19th!Amendment!! • The!Civil!Rights!movement!resulting!in!the!Voting!Rights!Act!of!1965! • The!social!upheaval!of!the!1960s!that!resulted!in!lowering!the!voting! age!to!18!courtesy!of!the!26th!Amendment.!!! ! The!arc!of!history!bends!toward!providing!greater!access!to!the!ballot,!and! the!events!of!2012!general!election!run!counter!to!that.!!! ! In!this!report!we!will!discuss!some!of!the!problems!we,!and!others,! documented!in!the!November!6th!election!in!Rhode!Island.!!We!will!then!turn! to!examining!some!of!the!possible!causes!for!the!problems!we!saw!and! documented.!!Next!we!will!draw!some!conclusions!as!to!what!we!believe!to! be!the!source!of!some!of!the!problems.!!Finally,!we!finish!with!a!set!of!policy! recommendations!and!next!steps!for!avoiding!similar!problems!in!the!future.!!! ! We!want!to!acknowledge!at!the!beginning!of!our!report!that!the!vast!majority! of!voters!in!Rhode!Island!did$not$experience!problems!on!Election!Day.!!Many! professionals!at!the!state!and!local!levels!performed!their!duties!up!to!high! standards.!!The!majority!of!poll!workers,!who!experienced!a!very!high! volume!of!voters,!did!their!jobs!as!they!were!trained!to!do!them.!!By! examining!the!problems!on!Election!Day,!which!we!will!demonstrate!were! significant!in!nature,!we!are!not!singling!out!the!behavior!of!individuals!for! criticism.!!Rather,!we!are!evaluating!the!system!for!electing!our!leaders!and! recommending!changes!to!make!that!system!perform!better!in!the!future.! ! II. Recent!changes!to!Rhode!Island!election!law! ! We!feel!the!most!appropriate!place!to!begin!an!examination!of!what!occurred! on!November!6th!is!to!look!at!the!many!changes!in!Rhode!Island!election!law! that!have!occurred!since!the!last!presidential!election.!!This!list!does!not! include!changes!to!campaign!finance!laws,!which!do!not!impact!the! experience!of!the!voters!at!the!polls!directly!or!changes!in!law!affecting!only! candidates.!!Nor!does!it!include!the!resolution!authorizing!votes!on!casino! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 4!Rory!Raven,!The$Dorr$War:$Treason,$Rebellion$and$the$Fight$for$Reform$in$ Rhode$Island,$(2010)!The!History!Press.! ! 2! ‘We$have$to$fix$that’$ $ Common$Cause$Education$Fund$ gambling!in!Newport!and!Lincoln!or!the!creation!of!study!commissions!or! any!bills!dealing!with!a!single!jurisdiction!or!the!election!of!moderators.!! When!taken!in!total!the!number!of!changes!made!is!quite!impressive.!!! ! • Expanded!notice!to!lapsed!voters:!!In!2010!the!General!Laws!(H! 7963/S!2453)!were!changed!to!require!local!boards!of!canvassers!to! mail!notices!of!current!polling!places!to!those!who!have!not!voted!in! last!five!(5)!years.!! ! • New!law!allowing!preJregistration!of!16!&!17!yearJolds:!!In!2009!the! General!Assembly!passed!(HJ5005/S!366)!a!law!allowing!16!and!17! yearJolds!to!preJregister!to!vote!if!they!will!be!turning!18!prior!to!the! next!election.! ! • First!phase!of!the!voter!identification!law:!!In!2011!the!General! Assembly!passed!(H!5680/S!400)!a!law!creating!a!system!for! requiring!voter!identification!at!the!polls.!!The!first!phase!of!that!law,! taking!effect!in!2012,!requires!poll!workers!to!ask!for!a!nonJphoto!ID.!! In!the!absence!of!such!an!ID!a!voter!is!to!be!offered!a!full!provisional! ballot,!which!will!be!counted!if!the!signature!on!the!ballot!application! matches!the!signature!on!the!voter’s!registration!card.! ! • Mandated!statewide!redistricting!and!redrawing!of!precinct!lines:!! After!completion!of!the!2010!U.S.!Census!Rhode!Island!was!required! to!redraw!all!legislative!boundaries!to!meet!the!equal!population! standard!established!by!the!U.S.!Supreme!Court!in!Baker$v.$Carr$ (1963).!!That!was!completed!with!passage!in!2012!of!H!7209/S!2178.!! Subsequent!to!passage!of!that!law,!each!city!and!town!underwent! redistricting!where!every!precinct!was!redrawn!in!the!state.!!! ! • Statutory!raising!of!the!maximum!number!of!registered!voters!per! precinct!from!1900!to!3000:!!Prior!to!the!redrawing!of!the!precincts! the!General!Assembly!passed!(2012)!H!7055/S!2489!which!raised!the! maximum!number!of!registered!voters!in!a!precinct!from!1900!to!